describing relative light and loads on electrical systems. Today, both terms are inadequate, even archaic, in providing the necessary information specifiers truly need. [ Page 16]
The irrelevant but persistent...
LEDs in action The Choctaw casino and resort in Durant, Okla., cashes in on SSL’s color and control capabilities to make it a visual icon for miles around.
SSL BUZZ DOE issues a special CALiPER report on the state of LED products available to the average consumer, and the news is not so great.
healthcarE Although not the dominant light source by any means, LEDs are finding strong niches in hospital settings, including aiding in healing.
NUMBER 19 • august 2011 www.architecturalssl.com
(and Other Archaic Terminology)
SSL Buzz: Light Works, the LED Art of Stephan Lindfors Project Profile: Scarpetta Restaurant, Toronto, Canada
Architectural SSL • 519 Briarcliff Road, Bolingbrook, IL 60440
ARCHITECTURAL SSL • Chronicling the Advancement of LEDs in the Built Environment
In pre-SSL days, the watt and the lumen were fine terms for
White Pages: An Overview of UL’s LED Retrofit Standard
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12 Brief: The Smithsonian explores LED. 33 Project Profile: Scarpetta Restaurant, Toronto. 37 Project Profile: Yale-New Haven Hospital Atrium, New Haven, Conn.
08
BUZZ
PERSPECTIVES
07 CALiPER Update
05 LED Insights
New report on consumer-available products reveals not-sogreat results.
08 Iron Twist
SSL Interactive—our attempt at online discussion—has had an early success in spurring a solution to a flicker installation issue. By Jim Crockett
Iowa continues its stream of innovative bridges.
48 SSL Observed
10 Art and LEDs A look a Stefan Lindfors latest creations.
02 • 08.11 • Architectural SSL
Forced behavioral change is only as good as the length of time the disciplinarian doling out the dose of iron will sticks around. In attempting to tame the Wild West that is SSL, this should be given long consideration. By Kevin Willmorth
24
“Working with DMX to control the whole system was actually relatively easy compared to some protocols: You have ultimate flexibility in regards to addressing the unit and how they behave. The trick is the make sure you coordinate all of the different addresses with the controller and confirm that everything is mapped correctly."
www.architecturalssl.com
12
FEATURES
DESIGN & PRODUCTS
16 analysis: SSL Needs a New Lexicon
40 White Pages
Conventional single numeric terminology, especially pertaining to the watt,
LED vs. traditional sources; UL's retrofit standard.
and even the lumen, fall short of accurately describing terms of value to applied lighting performance.
by Kevin Willmorth
42 Advances
22 ARCHITECT'S VIEW: Healthcare
Task lighting, ambient lighting, RGB, dimming controls, track and cove lighting products.
Solid state lighting’s unique benefits and properties are well suited for some applications within healthcare spaces. by Barbara Horwitz-Bennett
Architectural SSL, Vol. 5, No. 4 (ISSN# 19418388) is published five times per year by Construction Business Media. Publication Office: Construction Business Media, 579 First Bank Drive, Suite 220, Palatine, IL 60067; 847 359 6493; www.architecturalssl.com. (Copyright © 2011 by Construction Business Media) POSTMASTER: Send address changes to Architectural SSL Magazine, 519 East Briarcliff Road, Bolingbrook, IL 60440.
28 FEATURED PROJECT: Choctaw Casino Resort Borrowing from the colors of the casino gaming inside, lighting for the Durant, Okla. resort features saturated colors that can be seen for miles. by Ellen Lampert-Greaux
www.architecturalssl.com
Architectural SSL • 08.11 • 03
THE F TH FU UTURE TURE TU RE IS OU OURS RS TO DE DE S SIIGN GN.
NOVE NO VEMB MBER MBER R 9-10 -10, -1 0, 201 011 11 • C CH HIC CAG AGO AGO
LEDInsights
Coµµ§∑T±R∞
NUMBER 19 • august 2011 www.architecturalssl.com
Gary Redmond
Managing Partner Director Publishing Operations gary@architecturalssl.com
Tim Shea
Managing Partner Director Business Development tim@architecturalssl.com
Dave Pape
Vice President Director, Art & Production dave@architecturalssl.com
EDITORIAL Jim Crockett 847 359 6493
Editorial Director jimc@architecturalssl.com
Kevin Willmorth
Editor kevin@architecturalssl.com
Megan Mazzocco 847 359 6493
Associate Editor megan@architecturalssl.com
It Works! flickering at the top of the circuit,” says Sullivan.
SSL Interactive and its companion Linked-In group are great resources to tap into for solutions to SSL problems, as one user discovered in resolving an installation issue with flicker. And don’t forget ArchLED this fall—another place to meet people with answers to pain points.
For two of the strings, Sullivan reports, they had to leave one incandescent on the string to settle it down, even with trimming the dimmer. “We added a single candle LED from a different manufacturer, although at the same wattage, and hid it at the top of the fixture because it is a slightly different color and has a drastically different look. Changing this lamp allowed the entire fixture to dim down to the levels the client wanted.”
After all, thanks to some tips from the SSL
Contributing Editors Craig DiLouie cd@architecturalssl.com Vilma Barr vilma@architecturalssl.com Barbara Horwitz-Bennett barbara@architecturalssl.com Ellen Lampert-Greaux ellen@architecturalssl.com Chuck Ross chuck@architecturalssl.com
Last issue I noted I felt like the Maytag repair-
Interactive discussion, a happy ending resulted.
man in that correspondence I receive from the
“These posts, as well as my calls to Philips and
readership is few and far between, as is feed-
Lutron, resulted in an outstanding response
back regarding SSL issues that appear on our
from both companies,” said Sullivan. “The cus-
discussion board on SSL Interactive. Thanks to
tomer service we received was beyond compare
Mavis Linnemann
Kathleen Sullivan, I can say that’s no longer the
and I want to make sure that both companies get
case. Kathleen found our Linked In discussion
the recognition they deserve.”
DESIGN & PRODUCTION Dave Pape Art Director dave@architecturalssl.com
group in a search of an LED solution and asked
the community for help with a problem she was
results. In receiving a recent utility bill, which
having—dimmable LED lights she had installed in
covered only 14 days of the new installation, it
Lauren Lenkowski
an upscale bar and restaurant were flickering.
reflected a $226 reduction in energy costs. “This
is quite a bit more than either we, or the utility
Copy Editor
Associate Art Director lauren@architecturalssl.com
Advertising Sales
Some background: All the lamps in the
The installation is also delivering monetary
restaurant, which is in a roughly 100-year-old
projected. The project should have a total pay-
building, were replaced with Philips’ LED line. A
back in much less than a year,” said Sullivan.
Gary Redmond 847 359 6493 gary@architecturalssl.com
Tim Shea 847 359 6493 tim@architecturalssl.com
goal of the retrofit was energy savings, but also
to ensure that the mood of the restaurant stayed
edgeable readership will be able to offer more
identical to the mood conveyed when the restau-
help and possible solutions. And please consider
Trey Higgens 847 577 8980 trey@architecturalssl.com
Jim Oestmann 847 838 0500 jim@architecturalssl.com
rant used incandescent lamps. As it had historic
attending ArchLED this fall, where we will exam-
luminaires, the bar installed candelabra-style,
ine plenty of case studies and address a number
3- and 4-watt LED sources, and the restaurant
of the pain points that are hampering SSL
chandeliers were replaced with 8-watt A19-style
installations. Be sure to check out the program
LEDs. Dimmers were also replaced and opti-
at www.architecturalssl.com/archled/program.
mized to work with these exact sources based on
And while you’re on the website, click on the SSL
Philips specifications with Lutron controls.
Interactive tab and send us a note about frus-
trating issues you’re experiencing or would like
David Haggett Ted Rzempoluch 847 934 9123 609 361 1733 davidh@architecturalssl.com ted@architecturalssl.com Jim Führer 503 679 5409 jimf@architecturalssl.com
Bob Fox 203 356 9694 bob@architecturalssl.com
subscription Inquiries There is no charge for subscriptions to qualified requestors in the U.S. All other annual subscriptions will be charged $39 for standard delivery or $55 for air mail delivery. For subscriptions, inquiries or address changes, call 630 739 0900. A Publication of Construction Business Media
Member:
As far as the problem and solution, flicker-
ing was rampant, even though an electrician
to see addressed. And like Kathleen, remember
checked the ground wire for any loose wires or
that the manufacturing community can help. In
issues. Lutron, reports Sullivan, sent a repre-
other words, by working together solutions can
sentative to look at the installation where the
be found. See you in November.
technician opened the dimmers and was able to set the trim edge of each so that the lowest point wasn’t at the factory setting of “0” anymore. “He had the building owner tell him exactly where the lowest edge would be for each dimmer. He also set the highest edge for the ones that were
Type and globe=PMS 485
Circular blend under globe = PMS 3025
Continents, shadow, base = Black
It is my hope SSL Interactive and its knowl-
www.architecturalssl.com
Jim Crockett, editorial director
Architectural SSL • 08.11 • 05
= + fixtures wORk better.
Project 1
24.08.2010
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®
SSL BUZZ & i∑DUSTR∞ BRi§FS
CCT/CRI of LED Replacement Sources Special CALiPER Study indicates Replacement LED products Not great
Color Qualities in Retail SSL Replacement Lamps
Color Rendering Index (CRI) vs. Correlated Color Temperature (K) 105
SSL A19 SSLB10 SSLC7 SSL MR16/PAR16
95 90
SSL PAR20 SSL PAR30 Incandescent Halogen
85 80 75 70 65 60 55 0
2000
4000
Correlated Color Temperature (K)
6000
8000
10000
Source: DOE SSL CALiPER results, DATE 2010
ABOVE: Comparing correlated color temperatures (CCTs) and color rendering index (CRI) figures of retail SSL offerings to benchmark incandescent and halogen lamps shows that current retail products may fall short of consumer expectations. Only four of the tested products fell within the ANSI-defined range for 2700K (the nominal value for incandescent lamps) and 10 of the SSL products had CCTs above 4000K, which could mean light that’s too cold for most consumers.
Table: Indicators of Replacement Lamp Performance Grouped by Manufacturer caliper RL No. 1 3 4
µ±∑uF±CtuREr
5 6
1-A19 25-r30 3-A19 4-A19 (LF) 6-B10 7-C7 15-r16 16-r16 17-r16 23-r20 5-A19 32-r30 (LF) 34-A19 33-B10 12-r16 13-r16 22-r20 31-r30 9-B10 (LF) 14-r16 (LF) 21-r200 30-r30(LF)
light output expectations
color quality expectations
lifetime expectations
No Neutral Neutral No Neutral No No No Neutral Neutral No Neutral No No No No Neutral No No Neutral Neutral Neutral
Yes No Yes No Yes No No Yes No No Yes Yes Yes Yes No No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
Yes Yes Neutral Neutral Neutral No No Neutral No Neutral Yes Yes Yes Yes No Neutral Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
ABOVE: A brand name might not guarantee a strong performance, as most manufacturers had at least one poorperforming product, but manufacturers 4 and 6 showed more consistently good performance than others. None of the products, though, scored above a “neutral” rating in light-output performance.
www.architecturalssl.com
DOE’s CALiPER testing program typically focuses on commercial and industrial LED lighting products, but with replacement offerings now making their way to retail outlets, researchers recently turned their attention to understanding the quality of LED sources consumers might find. The results from this special round of testing indicates shoppers may find it hard to find sources that perform as expected. Researchers found some of the same inconsistencies in performance previously identified in the commercial lighting market, with wide differences between various manufacturers’ offerings. Even different retailers varied in the quality of LED merchandise they stocked. More important, though, is the finding that retail-market offerings, overall, are less likely than those sold to lighting pros to perform as well as the incandescent and halogen products they’re intended to replace. Consumers are likely to look first at any equivalency claims—packaging statements indicating the lamp type and wattage an SSL product is intended to replace—but that would be a mistake, according to the report. The CALiPER researchers found that none of the 11 products they purchased achieved light output levels matching typical levels for the original lamp. In fact, one of the A19 replacements claiming equivalence with the 450 lumens (lm) produced by a 40-watt standard incandescent only measured 160 lm. Investigators purchased samples of 33 products that could be used to replace traditional light sources—including five A19 lamps, four B10 candelabra-style lamps, two C7 night lights, 11 MR16/ PAR16, four PAR20 and seven PAR 30 models.
Efficacy and light output. LED offerings outperformed incandescent and halogen lamps in almost all cases. In fact, CALiPER researchers calculated an average efficacy of 40 lumens per watt in the SSL products tested—an average, roughly, four times that of incandescent/halogen benchmarks. However, none of the SSL products met or exceeded Z
Color Rendering Index (CRI)
100
Continued on page 08
Architectural SSL • 08.11 • 07
SSLBuzz: Continued FROM page 07 Y
the output of its benchmark counterpart, although a few came close.
Color quality. Most of the tested SSL sources are marketed, either explicitly or implicitly, as replacements for incandescent offerings with correlated color temperatures in the 2700K to 3000K range. Only four of the tested SSL products demonstrated CCTs in the 2700K range, though an additional 16 were within the 3000K range, a nominal value for some halogen lamps. More than half would be considered to have poor or mediocre color quality, with only two described as warm white with a color rendering index above 90.
Power factor. A clear split was identified between those with a power factor above 0.80 and those falling below that level. Lamp size wasn’t related to these ratings. Only two of the replacement lamp sources were claimed to be dimmable.
bridge lighting:
Lifespan. Researchers tested lamps after
Make Your Descent
1,000 operating hours. CALiPER studies have shown this practice to be a reasonable predictor of performance over the course of stated product lifetimes that range from 12,000 hours to 50,000 hours. More than half the products reviewed are expected to fall short of lifetime claims. Notably, four the five products featuring Lighting Facts labels did maintain light levels after 1,000 hours, which—according to researchers—makes them much more likely to live up to their makers’ lifetime claims. Takeaways. Buyers, says the report, need to educate themselves on what performance ratings mean, rather than depending on manufacturers’ equivalence claims. DOE researchers urged manufacturers to work harder to ensure consistent performance across product lines, and to better match equivalence claims with actual light output. Retailers also need to be more discerning about the products they stock, researchers said, warning that the growing retail availability of these products could lead to consumer dissatisfaction.•
08 • 08.11 • Architectural SSL
Photo: Kelly Green Photography
The design of the High Trestle Trail Bridge in Madrid, Iowa draws on the region’s coal mining history, with 41 steel frames representing the support cribs commonly seen in the mines. But to have a nighttime presence, the bridge, 13 stories above the Des Moines River Valley, was fitted with colored LEDs that accentuate the unusual nature of the structure. To bring their vision to life, RDG Planning & Design had specially constructed channels fabricated along the beams that would house flexible colored LED lighting. Specifically, RDG specified nearly a 1,000 ft of iLight Technologies' Plexineon Blue Series LED fixtures to create a sense of passage through a tunnel. According to Dave Raver, RDG's lighting studio director, he used LED because it was capable of creating the dramatic effect while being energy efficient. It was also relatively easy to install, being done so in just a week.•
ABOVE: Beyond ease of installation—the flexible iLight system went up in a week—it added a dramatic edge to an already dynamic structure. "It really pops out because it's hanging there," says Dave Raver, the project's lighting designer. "And it's a color you don't see much at night."
www.architecturalssl.com
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Circle 04
SSLBuzz:
gallery recap: stefan lindfors
Photos: Marco Melander
Art and Energy: Finnish sculptor and light artist Stefan Lindfors discusses his works that combine LEDs and other energy-saving lamps with metal and other materials at an exhibit in the Manhattan showroom of Material Connexion that was sponsored by the Consulate General of Finland.
Light works: art of lighting
Light Works: LEDs and Design Metal and LEDs, sculpted into abstract works of illuminated art by Stefan Lindfors, find an appreciative N.Y. market The rarefied New York art gallery scene has a new entrant into its stable of media: LEDs. Material Connexion mounted a show of works, Light Works, by Stefan Lindfors, Finnish jack-of-all-design-trades. Of the 11 pieces on view from June 21 to July 8, nine had integrated LEDs. The three-dimensional works were mounted on the walls, hung from the ceiling, or were free-standing on the gallery’s floor. Lindfors was on hand to explain his aesthetic viewpoint to attentive guests. Three of his works were sold before the end of the show’s opening evening for a total of $27,400. Trained in Finland as an interior architect and furniture designer, Lindfors sought a variety of outlets for his creative talents, including writing and directing short films and designing kinetic sculptures for buildings in New York (hung off the front façade of the Gershwin Hotel on 27th Street, between Madison and Fifth Avenues) and Helsinki (the terrace of the Kosmos II restaurant). He has worked with such contemporary design-driven companies as Alessi, Marimekko, Sony Playstation, and Nokia. When he won a Nordic countries cultural award, the jury dubbed him “a Renaissance man.” All the works shown at Material Connexion were produced in 2010 by Lindfors with an assistant in an intense, single month-long design and production marathon at a studio in Venice, Calif. At the mid-point of the opening New York reception, Lindfors addressed the attendees to share his singular artistic expression and offer insights into his exploration of the redrawing the boundaries between art and design. “The pieces in 10 • 08.11 • Architectural SSL
this exhibition incorporate multiple green technologies, including LEDs and energy-saving bulbs,” he indicated. “The basis for their composition is welded steel plates, thin wire, with a transparent fiberglass skin. Some are lit from within, so their brightness is visible as a glow, or more completely revealed by a movable assembly. Others have their illumination fully exposed as the dominant element of the overall form of the piece,” he explained. “So far,” he continued, “much of my light work has lacked conventional definition, often landing in what I call a ‘borderline’ area. I wanted to create a body of work that would communicate. So, about three years ago, I decided to build a collection of work that would combine the two worlds of design and sculpture. “These light works that you see here that I’ve recently created represent a body of work as both sculptor and designer. Together, they have found a place in my life. They tell abstract stories, beyond industrial reasoning on one hand. On the other hand,” he concluded, “they involve the latest ecolight technology and user-friendly design.” The Light Works exhibition debuted in Helsinki and was shown at the Finnish Embassy in Washington, D.C. in May. The New York exhibit was sponsored by the Consulate General Finland, New York.•
Above: Lindfors notes his latest creations represent the latest eco-light technology combined with user-friendly design.
Show Must Go On 28 x 67 x 16 in., ceiling hung. Welded steel round stock, translucent fiberglass. Energy-saving light sources on one circuit.
Spider 20/45 x 57 x 16 in., freestanding and adjustable; Welded steel round stock. Energy-saving light sources on one circuit.
Lameli de Luxe (red) 51 × 26 × 17 in., wall hung; welded steel round stock, welded steel sheet, fabric, resin. Energy-saving light bulb, LED spotlight, LED strip, one circuit.
www.architecturalssl.com
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Circle 05
SSLBuzz: Breaking the molds for traditional lighting
Taking the Plunge
museum lighting:
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Circle 06
High B±∞ R§tRoFit:
Final Cut A gallery of modernist paintings from the nation’s art collection on display at the Smithsonian’s American Art Museum is now being illuminated by today’s most modern lighting technology. The space has been selected as a SSL Gateway Demonstration Project by the DOE, and Solais Lighting’s 18-watt PAR 30 long-neck LED lamps have been selected to participate in the next-tier testing now underway. Performance criteria for this testing includes beam spread, color appearance, light output and the absence of art-damaging UV or IR light. The Solais lamps feature beam spreads of 10, 25 and 40 degrees, and incorporate proprietary thermal management enabling their use in existing track fixtures.•
ABOVE: The DOE is sweeping the nation’s museums and galleries with SSL demonstration projects such as this one at the Smithsonian American Art Museum which is now illuminated with LEDs from Solais Lighting.
Managers at the 15-year-old Treasure Valley Family YMCA in Boise, Idaho, were looking at a complete replacement of their existing metal halide lighting system, but a quick look at the proposed price tag made them think again. Instead, they opted for LEDs, in a design that uses much of the existing infrastructure, and which is producing annualized energy savings of 80%. The plan was developed by SimplyLEDs and incorporates ES Series LED arrays from Bridgelux. The 150-watt LED fixtures replace 920-watt metal halide units in customdesigned reflectors to aid light uniformity. In addition to energy savings and improved illumination, the new fixtures also could save the facility up to $5,000 per year in avoided maintenance costs.•
Helping Liberty Shine More Brightly You may not be able to hear the Liberty Bell ringing anytime soon, but at least you’ll be able to see it better, thanks to new lighting installed in the glass-andsteel pavilion in which the icon of freedom is housed. This secure location allows for 24-hour viewing, and is illuminated throughout the night. The National Park Service recently upgraded the lighting system to LEDs for the energy and maintenance savings these products offer. The agency selected iPAR 38 LEDs from MSi. According to John Burke, the company’s sales and marketing VP, the lamps’ color rendering index now meets or exceeds that of traditional tungsten halogen units. This means operational savings won’t come at the price of the viewing experience for the thousands who visit the icon every year.•
www.architecturalssl.com
SSL MAGAZINE STERNBERG half page vertical ad AUG V2 2010.qxp
o∑Li∑§: SSL i∑t§R±Ctiv§
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The most efficient LED systems in outdoor decorative lighting.
SSL Universe Icon:
Feedback Icon:
fighting Flicker As noted in the opening column, there was a nice discussion on our SSL Interactive Linked In group relating to an issue of flicker in the field. Following are some valuable tips that came from the discussion. “I've run into problems in old buildings that have a history of being messed with over time,” says SSL’s Kevin Willmorth. “I found in one case that the line and neutral connections were reversed on a couple of fixtures, which is easy to do, since old wiring systems often have no color coding, just two black rag wires. This caused LED retrofit lamps to behave strangely, specifically flickering.” Cree’s Paul Pickard, inquiring as to how many LEDs lamps were on each circuit, noted two potential issues to look out for are that: a) an incandescent source is either loading the dimmer more optimally than the LED lamps are capable of—in other words if there is a low number of them on the circuit; or b) the resistive element is damping some garbage on the line in a way the LED lamps, being capacitive loads, cannot. CRS’ Scott Riesebosch agrees with Pickard about the resistive nature of the lamp damping out garbage on the line. “Sometimes it is merely inductance in the building wiring that will cause some resonance. It is interesting that all the circuits are doing it, and they all start to behave when you put an incandescent lamp on one circuit.” Be sure to check out other new project andPresented product news at SSL by: Interactive at www.architecturalssl.com/sslinteractive. And please don’t hesitate to join in the conversation or start a new one by hitting any of the “feedback” buttons connected to any of the stories, or simply fire me an email: jimc@architecturalssl.com.
SSL interactive
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Circle 07
7/
SSLBuzz: why not SSL?: factors for change
By Kevin Willmorth, contributing writer
Motivating Change with SSL While the world is abuzz with the how of solidstate changing lighting as we know it, the opportunity to use solid-state technology as an opportunity to redress lighting approaches, or freshen up existing spaces is just as exciting. There is more to the new characteristics of solid-state lighting than simple energy savings. From their minute size, to electronic controls friendly character, LEDs represent a potential to impact how we apply light in new and old facilities alike.
Retrofitting for Quality Gain The movement away from halogen and incandescent lamps has been a rough road. The CFL reflector lamp has always been a particularly poor performing product. For the maintenance conscious, the application of dimming might be a great way to stretch lamp life, but it reduces energy efficiency—dimmed lamps have lower efficacy—and creates an overly warm light color that dulls the appearance of interior spaces. Further, retrofitting is a perfect time to redress light levels to rebuild a sense of space and drama lost from years of neglectfully applied fluorescent screw-in lamps. The opportunity to retrofit with quality LED PAR, R, MR, and now A-line lamps offer a chance to refresh directional control and bring color quality back up, while realizing a significant reduction in maintenance demand.
Rethink Lighting in Dramatic Ways Unlike all other lighting technologies whose efficiency is reduced as the source size is diminished, LEDs are equally efficient at all scales, from micro to jumbo. This means there is no penalty for applying small sources to create precise or dramatic effects. The application of targeted task ambient solutions in office lighting, multi-point detail lighting in retail, or dramatic effects in signature spaces is now possible with the same efficiency once reserved only for large conventional lamp technologies. This is the first time ever dramatic lighting design, with all its sense of space shaping, surface defining, and attention-grabbing detail can be applied, with no loss of total system efficiency. Some may find that placing light with precision actually produces a significant cut in energy consumption over the old14 • 08.11 • Architectural SSL
school approach of filling the space with light like an empty pool is filled with water.
Bring the Sun Inside Solid-state lighting is primarily founded on low current draw low-voltage DC power. Solar panels are low-current, low-voltage power generators. Batteries are all scalable current, low-voltage DC power storage devices. Put them all together in a symbiotic system, and the opportunities are obvious. Collecting solar energy from exposed roofs or side lots, and moving that power efficiently into covered interior spaces is a natural approach to reducing the grid load of a lighting system. By powering SSL directly from the DC power generated by solar collectors, the losses from multiple conversions to and from AC power are eliminated, increasing the efficiency of the system. Further, powering LED products directly from DC, combined with thoughtful lighting design, results in an efficient system that reduces solar power demand and related cost.
now exists to incorporate controls that deliver significantly greater energy savings, with far less occupant awareness and negative response. While solid-state technology is changing the landscape of lighting product and how electrical energy is converted to light itself, perhaps the most compelling change is realized when it is applied to advantage in realizing a change in how we apply light and control in application. LEDs present a unique mix of efficiency, scalability, configurability and controllability unavailable prior to their introduction. While the focus today might be on economics and energy saving, the potential to realize much more is equally rich, and likely to have a greater impact on lighting as a whole in the long term.•
Get it all Under Control Fluorescent lamps are stressed by frequent on-off cycling, making them particularly poor for occupancy sensor control. Incandescent lamps are well suited to frequent switching, but are inefficient. HID lamps are simply not well suited for sensor control beyond infrequent on-off, or simplistic hi-low response. In stark contrast, LEDs are efficient and suffer no ill effect from frequent control. The most common form of dimming an LED is to pulse its input current at frequencies as high as 100,000 cycles a second, so managing the on-off cycling of a restroom or office task light is not an issue. Applying solid-state products with controls that respond to daylight availability, occupancy, time of day, occupant circadian rhythm, or just mood, are all natural to solid-state technology. Further, unlike all other light sources, which take from a few moments, to a few minutes to return to full light output after being turned off, LEDs return to full light in a few milliseconds. This combines to significantly reduce the need for latency timing (time delay before turning off) in occupancy sensors to avoid nuisance on-off-on occurrences. Add to this the integration of wireless user control, and centralized monitoring, and the opportunity
formative: Luxit's line of Top Four Task Lamps, LSG's Amazon A19 replacement, and GE's Edge, are all examples of products taking advantage of SSL's unique properties.
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© 2011 OSRAM SYLVANIA
www.sylvania.com/LED
We bring architectural lighting to new heights. Inside and out, LED lighting systems deliver sustainable energy-efficient lighting consistent with the principles of modern architecture. With more than a century’s worth of experience in delivering high-quality light, SYLVANIA LED lighting solutions precisely deliver light to where it is intended, creating the desired interplay of light and shadow. Together with our partner Traxon Technologies, we can specify and install the right LED system for your building, including programming software and commissioning services. As a leader in LED system technology, and with the industry’s best warranty, SYLVANIA is your trusted source to meet all of your lighting challenges. To talk to us about your architectural lighting needs, call 1-800-LIGHTBULB or go to www.sylvania.com/LED.
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Circle 08
The irrelevant but persistent...
(AND OTHER ARCHAIC TERMINOLOGY)
By Kevin Willmorth, contributing writer
At some point in the emergence of any significant development in technology terms founded on prior evolutionary steps will fail to adequately describe the next. The first hurdle to understanding is dissemination of meaningful information to a population unfamiliar with the technology. Similar to describing color to a blind person, defining a new technology using conventional terms often produces limited effectiveness and erroneous assumptive connections. The greater the change, the more difficult the issue becomes.
16 • 08.11 • Architectural SSL
www.architecturalssl.com
marketanalysis
The explosion of solid-state lighting has challenged many previously assumed quantitative and qualitative definitions in use. From flaws in the Color Rendering Index to procedures used to test luminaires, the disruption of LEDs has an impact on every aspect of the industry's core discourse. Further, new discussion surrounding color consistency, product life rating and optical performance demands introduction of new terms and revisiting familiar paradigms.
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Architectural SSL • 08.11 • 17
marketanalysis
FIGURE 1.
Controlled Distribution—Creating Greater Uniformity
Regardless of the success LEDs in the appli-
cation of general illumination, the impact of the technology on lighting discussion is profound.
1000 lm | 15w | 67 lm/W
The amount of new information entering the market has not been this significant in a century.
2 cd
Minimal light directed into discomfort zones
However, there has been a disturbing redirection of attention toward the hardware and product
Light redirected from unneccesary directions to more useable zones Costs 15% of total lumens
metrics of lighting.
In an effort to deploy solid-state technology
at an accelerated pace, communications have focused on promoting hardware superiority. Compounding this is the entry of new product
225 cd
providers with no lighting knowledge, as well as governmental agencies assuming active promo-
250 cd | 62.5 footcandles at 24 in.
tion and regulatory roles.
Properly controlled optical systems redirect light from undesirable zones onto target surfaces. This often reduces total lumens delivered, resulting in a lower lumen-per-watt efficacy rating. However, the amount of light delivered onto the target surface is greater, producing greater illuminance with fewer luminaires, while the amount of light directed into discomfort zones is reduced. Emphasis on lm/W terms conceal positive tradeoffs made in efficacy to realize improved lighting system performance.
The inevitable result is likely to be a
Controlled Distribution Creates Greater Uniformity
persistence of conventional single numeric terminology, which, unfortunately, falls short of accurately describing terms of value to applied lighting performance.
The Irrelevant But Persistent Watt When all light sources were incandescent, with virtually identical conversion efficiency and general form factor—use of watts to differenti-
Shedding Light on the Lumen
ate product performance was relevant. Based on
Not only is the watt improperly invoked, but so
measurement language still needs work
the assumption that all sources being compared
is the lumen. The latter has served as a general-
delivered a similar amount of light for each watt
ized term for describing the gross light output
consumed, a 60-watt lamp, could be assumed to
of a light source for decades. While a more
provide half the light output of a 120-watt lamp,
direct description of light output than the watt,
while a 100-watt lamp could be assumed to rest
the term still produces a vague description of
between the two, and a 150-watt lamp was above
light potential. By definition, a light source that
them all. Watts simply served the dual purpose
delivers one candela per stradian in all direc-
of describing relative light and load placed on an
tions delivers 12.57 lumens. The term, however,
electrical system.
delivers no directional information whatsover.
In an effort to create a familiar comparative description of light source conversion efficiency, or efficacy, the descriptive term lumens-per-watt is used. However, because lumens are an averaged spherical value, while LEDs are decidedly directional in character, the result is a description of a light source that does not actually exist. The term also provides no information related to optical effectiveness to deliver a usable lighting result. The DOE/Energy Star FTE calculation is a much better measure.
Because of this, the further a light source strays
The use of watts as a light source descrip-
tion, however, proved inadequate almost as
from being a spherical emitter, the less relevant
soon as it was adopted. In other words, the rapid
lumens are in communicating useful light
emergence of higher- and higher-efficiency light
generated.
sources challenges the relationship with light
delivery.
source producing a uniform 100 candela per
stradian in all directions will be rated at 1257
In solid-state lighting, the connection
For example, an omni-directional light
between watts consumed and light output varies
lumens. Meanwhile, an LED device having a
widely, and the relationship is fundamentally
total distribution of 130 degrees, delivering
irrelevant. Yet, a large portion of LED product
the same 1257 lumens delivers roughly 277
literature in the market today insists on present-
candelas per stradian, or 2.7 times the light of
ing watt information in context of light perfor-
the omni-directional source within the light
mance, either within a specific product line or
pattern. Yet, the lumen description for each
between old and new technologies.
product would be identical.
18 • 08.11 • Architectural SSL
www.architecturalssl.com
marketanalysis
FIGURE 2.
internal re-reflection. Even if the composite result
Uncontrolled Optical System—Creating Spotty Uniformity
produces a significant improvement in applied light performance, there will be some lumen loss overall. Because of this, products that deliver
1257 lm | 15w | 83.8 lm/W 50 cd
Uncontrolled light directed into discomfort zones
Light distribution not controlled - providing little absorption or loss = optimized lm/W
125 cd
Uncontrolled optical systems utilizing LED sources often produce a Lambertian distribution pattern. This may result in optimal efficacy when measured in lumens-per-watt, but too often delivers poor uniformity, undesirable glare, and lower than optimal target surface illuminance. Simple lm/W terms produce no information to reveal the compromises involved in maximizing the efficacy term.
the least amount of optical control will present the greatest lumens per watt efficacy number. For example; a theoretical spherical light source suspended in space will produce nearly 100% efficiency, as there are no obstructions to its output. If this spherical source produces 1257 lumens, it will also deliver 100 center beam candela. Comparatively, a directional source with an 85% efficient optic, directing 90% of its light equally over
175 cd 44 footcandles at 24 in.
a 10 degree beam pattern, will produce only 1068 lumens, and roughly 2754 center beam candela. Further, the spherical light source will produce the same 100 candela at all angles, useful or not,
Uncontrolled Distribution Creates Spotty Uniformity
including presenting significant visual glare. This means the source with the lower efficacy will produce greater target illuminance, less glare and lower surrounding unwanted brightness for the same input power. Yet, when judged by its lumens per watt efficacy, it is the poorer performer.
Just as the term lumens erases directional-
ity from a light source characterization, lumens
The use of watts as a light source description proved inadequate almost as soon as it was adopted. The rapid emergence of higher and higher efficiency light sources challenges the relationship with light delivery.
In addition to the values applied to describe
per-watt provides no information related to
source output, the manipulation of light within a
optical effectiveness to deliver a useable lighting
luminaire system can either impart a diffusing or
result. Further, the widespread adoption of this
directing of source light to create an altogether
term to describe product efficiency provides
different distribution with greater or less candela
opportunity for marketers of solid-state product
intensity than the base source itself. Yet, solid-
to deliver products with minimal optical control,
state product literature of all types maintains the
with minimal attention to lighting quality, to
use of lumens as the core value in describing light
attain the coveted high lumens per watt efficacy
output. This erases a key differentiation the tech-
result. Further, focus on this simplified, applica-
nology has against conventional omni-directional
tion typhlotic term produces full emphasis on
light sources, while producing a value of limited
product performance in isolation from applica-
utility for customer evaluation.
tion of light to deliver optimal human visual performance.
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Lumens + Watts = Chicken?
In an effort to create a familiar comparative
Program Requirements couple lumens per
description of light source conversion efficiency,
watt efficacy for luminaires and sources with
or efficacy, the joining of two measures into a
zonal density requirements. This prescriptive
descriptive term called lumens-per-watt is used.
approach recognizes the failure of lumens per
Since lumens are an averaged spherical value,
watt to deliver application-relevant information.
while LEDs are decidedly directional in charac-
ter, the result is a description of a light source
(FTE) calculation takes this a step further in
that does not actually exist.
evaluating outdoor luminaire performance in
application, by evaluating the efficiency of the
Shaping light emitted from a source imparts
In recognition of this, EPA's Energy Star
Further, DOE’s Fitted Targeted Efficacy
some amount of loss, either from refractive inef-
optical system to deliver light into the targeted
ficiencies, reflective loss, diffused absorption, or
field. Both of these approaches are superior
Architectural SSL • 08.11 • 19
marketanalysis
to the isolated lumen per watt values with no
systems can be compared uniformly, across all
applied performance consideration.
technologies, using simple standardized terms, requires redefining older products within freshly
Candles, Power and Candela
developed new descriptions as much as applying
From the earliest use of the term candle to
remaining legacy descriptors to the emerging
describe light output, to lumens today, the
product. In order to separate inaccurate assump-
struggle to define light delivery has been ongo-
tions to enable new understanding, there is a
ing. Candela, now used to describe the mea-
need to establish new terminology to defy and
sured directional intensity, is a more scientific
break down nonproductive assumption.
derivative of the term candlepower, which first
attempted to create familiar comparison of
redeploy the color accuracy rating system. CRI
intensity to pre-electric light sources.
is in need of update, whether to CQS or another
Current application of the term center
A significant example of this is the need to
standard, in order to provide a new look at color
approach illustrates the effectiveness of a prod-
beam candela (CBCP) appears on the surface to
performance of all lighting products, This may
uct's optical system in the context of its intended
present a description of the energy within a light
also be a good time to revisit the use of a color
use, adding a great deal of valuable informa-
pattern. Yet, upon close examination, this value
rating system that relates only to the specific CCT
tion to the discussion and evaluation process.
only represents the amount of energy at one
of a product being evaluated, and deploy one that
As a determinant of applied performance, this
distribution angle, at the very center of the beam
is CCT agnostic. Rather than attempt to maintain
approach adds to the older coefficient of utiliza-
pattern. There is no evidence of how quickly this
similarities with the older standard, with its asso-
tion descriptions already available and in need of
energy level falls off to the half maximum value
ciated assumptions, a new descriptor provides an
refreshing.
to either side; how uniform the beam pattern is;
opportunity to reprogram market assumptions to
or how much light is wasted in the field area sur-
reflect current understanding.
development in technology, to require terms
rounding the pattern. SSL products that employ
SSL has presented a significant enough
founded on prior evolutionary steps to be reas-
tightly focused optical systems may create the
Time for New Descriptive Terminology
sessed, if not completely dismantled and rebuilt.
same beam pattern as a comparable halogen
In the effort to bring the innovation of LEDs and
To enable real understanding and dissemina-
source, yet exhibit such sharp pattern cutoff,
SSL into general illumination, a great deal of
tion of meaningful information to a popula-
or overly intense center beam energy, that the
work is needed to redefine lighting terminology
tion not fully familiar with the technology, the
resemblance of the SSL product to a comparable
as a whole. The first step should be to eliminate
redress of language use is unavoidable. More
conventional source is minimal.
the lack of information provided by the current
importantly, the time has come to repair many
overly simplistic terminology. The second step
of the failures of current terms and descrip-
Center Beam Intensity for PAR and MR16 lamps.
will be to apply a disciplined approach in putting
tions, even when applied to conventional
Based on a statistic sampling of 432 PAR and 122
the new terms to work, and communicating their
sources, in order to enable more accurate eval-
MR16 lamps, mathematically deriving calculated
meaning to lighting decision makers at all levels.
uation of the incoming technologies in appro-
data provides guidance for solid-state replace-
priate context. There is also a need to re-direct
ment lamps. Unfortunately, nothing in this
calculation processes to return a singular
the language from simplistic product-centric
approach indicates beam shaping or uniformity,
numeric color accuracy description, so can
descriptors, to an applied human-factors focus.
which allows products with center hot spots,
other descriptive values. The goal should be to
or poor distribution appearance to pass, while
eliminate non-sequitur comparisons between
product performance aside, it is how lighting
those with superior optical performance that fail
products with very different distribution
enables effective human vision and comfort
to produce the target center beam intensity by a
characteristics. For example, the term “Distribu-
small margin will fail.
tion Integrity” might be defined by computing
that are the most critical factors of all.•
Energy Star requires the calculation of
Just as color performance values include
In the end, all conversations of energy and
the ratio of light within the beam angle and its
The Underlying Failure of Assumptions
surrounding field angle, compounded by the
Conventional and familiar terms and descrip-
uniformity within the beam pattern in relation
tions carry certain assumptions founded on orig-
to the CBCP.
inal use. While these descriptions might provide
a level of comfort, their use must be tempered
approach to optical efficacy, in the context of
with the need to associate the new technology
application, should be expanded to include
with its differentiation. The assumption that all
all directional lamp and luminaire types. This
20 • 08.11 • Architectural SSL
The DOE/Energy Star FTE calculation
progress in action
(Above) EPA Administrator Lisa Jackson recently toured the facilities of the Lighting Science Group, which celebrated the production of its millionth LED "bulb" in the first quarter of this year alone. EPA's Energy Star zonal density requirements should help create better descriptive values for lighting. Image: Lighting Science Group
www.architecturalssl.com
TE introduces the new NEVALO SSL system The NEVALO system’s integrated electronics, optics and thermal management allow you to go to market faster and with confidence.
Prepare for the future at nevalo.com/future1 VIDEO
Š 2011 Tyco Electronics Corporation, a TE Connectivity Ltd. company. All Rights Reserved. NEVALO, TE Connectivity, TE connectivity (logo) and TE (logo) are trademarks.
Circle 09
ARCHITECT’S VIEW
The Prognosis for LEDs From reduced maintenance to energy savings to actual therapeutic treatment value, solid-state lighting is making headway within healthcare spaces. But it’s biggest impact may be the splash of color it adds to many otherwise clinical or anxiety-inducing areas.
By Barbara Horwitz-Bennett, contributing writer
Even though the majority
Similarly, a color-changing interac-
facilitate healing. For example,
benefiting from circadian light
of healthcare lighting
tive wall features a slow-moving
arrays of color-changing LEDs
therapy, as well as nurses who
needs are still being met
color spectrum progression. When
can be programmed to replicate
work more than three night shifts
by traditional technolo-
triggered by occupancy sensors,
outdoor lighting conditions at dif-
per week.
gies, solid-state lighting is finding
ripple patterns cut into the scene.
ferent times of day to help regulate
its place within certain niche
circadian phase shift disorders. Or
Deborah Burnett ASID, CMG, AASM,
applications such as night lights,
pensity toward dimming, they work
by isolating a specific part of the
Benya Burnett, Nashville, Tenn.,
task lighting, hard-to-reach loca-
well inside the many private rooms
lighting spectrum, blue light can be
are concerned that such blue rich
tions, donor recognition areas and
within a hospital where people are
strategically applied to activate the
light sources are being used indis-
interactive walls.
coming and going throughout the
circadian system.
criminately without fully under-
day. “Fluorescents hate to be fre-
standing the scientific and medical
are taking on the style of upscale
quently switched or dimmed as it
for where circadian lighting can be
issues behind them. “In fact, the
hotel lobbies, the high-impact,
adversely affects lifetime and effi-
useful,” claims Peifer. “For example,
specification of a concentrated
high-end design qualities offered
ciency,” explains Don Peifer, chief
children in the NICU have shown
single wavelength light sources for
by LEDs have made them a natural
innovation officer and co-founder,
remarkable weight gain as a result
use in every indoor environment
fit. Similarly, dynamically changing
Lunera Lighting, Redwood City,
of circadian lighting and been
without the benefit of a dynamic
colored lights are offering healthy
Calif. “LEDs, on the other hand,
released an average of two weeks
color shift throughout the normal
diversions.
thrive in this same scenario. Dim
early. Geriatric wards, where there
photoperiod is now under inves-
an LED and you increase efficiency
is a large density of population that
tigation as a possible cause for
Lutheran General Hospital’s new
and lifetime.”
is considered phase advanced—
health concerns,” she states.
bed tower in Park Ridge, Ill., color-
But perhaps the most
and have trouble staying awake at
selectable tiles enable pediatric
innovative developing applica-
night/get up early—again benefit.
research suggesting that spe-
patients to choose and change
tion, although in its infancy, is a
cific spectrums of light produced
the color in their room at will.
more clinical-oriented role to help
cases of Alzheimer’s patients as
And now that hospital lobbies
For example, at Advocate
22 • 08.11 • Architectural SSL
In addition, with LED’s pro-
“Hospitals are ground zero
Additionally, Peifer cites
At the same time, experts like
Equally as intriguing is
by LEDs can actually promote
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Phoenix Children’s Hospital Medical Center lobby, Phoenix, Ariz.
Color Customized Patient Rooms of the Future
BELOW:
To create an immersive escape and colorful distraction for the Phoenix Children’s Hospital Medical Center lobby, lighting designer Scott Oldner specified Philips Color Kinetics iColor Accent and Cove MX Powercore, along with iColor Tile MX. Photo: Philips Color Kinetics
healing. For instance, doctors at
adoption of SSL in the healthcare
the Medical College of Wisconsin
arena, namely high first cost, color
exposed patients suffering from
rendering issues and the availabil-
diabetic skin ulcers, serious burns
ity of replacement products.
and chemotherapy-induced oral
sores to a LED device, created by
most-prohibitive element in my
NASA, which emits near-infrared
customer’s thinking,” confirms
light. The researchers found that
Burnett’s colleague, Evelyn Sahaja,
controlled exposure sped up the
LC. “They want LED, but the cost
healing process.
per lumen is still pretty high. LED
also demands a more sophisticated
Forseeing a more prominent
“Yes, [first cost] is the No. 1
role which LEDs will eventually
communication/controls struc-
play in the hospital environment,
ture, so there can be hidden costs
Burnett predicts that LEDs will
which are not reflected simply as a
eventually be delivered in medi-
fixture cost,” says Sahaja.
cally prescribed dosages of room
level ambient light wavelengths
own unique benefits, linear fluores-
to serve as a secondary treatment
cents are very competitive. There-
modality for psychiatric, surgical
fore, until the industry starts to see
and geriatric patients.
lower pricing and more efficient
So while LED does offer its
interior LED solutions, Mary Beth
www.architecturalssl.com
LED Limitations
Gotti, director of the GE Lighting
That being said, a number of fac-
Institute, Cleveland, doesn’t antici-
tors are still limiting a greater
pate SSL making major inroads.
An advocate of colored light therapy, Deborah Burnett ASID, CMG, AASM, Benya Burnett, Nashville, Tenn., predicts that the patient room of the future will capitalize on emerging scientific discoveries in identifying color wavelength “signatures” for every known disease and corresponding organ. Comparing this future form of medical treatment to today’s shock wave lithotripsy treatment which matches sound frequencies to ablate kidney stones, Burnett envisions clear glass walls backlit with “tuneable” LED lighting as determined by the patient’s particular ailment. “Hospital-based patient rooms will be the perfect setting for this time-consuming, non-invasive treatment because the use of prescription-based light wavelength dosing will require extended photoperiods for the intervention to be effective,” she explains. Once the “dialup” light wavelength is determined and programmed for a specific patient’s room, the intense colored lights emanating from the LED fixtures are anticipated to enhance the body’s ability to fight illness, promote sleep and accelerate wound healing. “The control panel for the color-changing clear wall panels will be similar to the computer interface system currently used for the NASA lunar and Martian spacecraft; simple, to the point, and accurate beyond belief,” says Burnett. “Now who said that only the writers of Startrek can drive the future practical use of technology?” she quips.
Architectural SSL • 08.11 • 23
below:
above
The 68-ft.-tall “Lantern of Hope” at Banner MD Anderson Cancer Center in Gilbert, Ariz., is literally that—an SSL-illuminated architectural feature designed to inspire cancer patients. Designed by Cannon Design it is illuminated with fixtures from Lumenpulse. Photo: Lumenpulse
In terms of color rendering,
Consequently, according to
and-true traditional technologies,
Andrew Meyers, P.E., LEED AP,
Leslie M. North, P.E., LC, LEED AP,
and others are diving in head-first,
senior associate electrical engi-
Aurora Lighting Design, Grayslake,
wanting to be on the cutting edge,”
neer, Mazzetti Nash Lipsey Burch,
Ill., at this time, the following medi-
observes North.
Washington, D.C., explains that
cal spaces are not appropriate for
with SSL technology, this quality is
LED: areas of high sensitivity, high
tend to be more interested in the
generally indirectly related to fix-
intensity, high reliability, and high
longevity and reduced mainte-
ture efficacy. “This means the more
color requirements such as general
nance benefits of SSL, and are a
efficient the fixture, the lower the
lighting in surgery, exam and high-
more wiling to view the technology
ability of the user to see the correct
ceiling public spaces.
from a life cycle perspective, still
coloring of an object, or in this
While healthcare operators
the high cost of healthcare con-
case, a patient.”
Owner’s Perspective
struction can knock out LEDs from
However, in spaces where LEDs do
a first cost standpoint.
up to par with the color rendering
make sense, the range of interest
performance of metal halides and
amongst healthcare owners varies.
seen SSL overcoming this first-
halogens over distance.
“Some facilities only want tried-
cost issue in certain cases. “LEDs
In addition, LEDs are not yet
24 • 08.11 • Architectural SSL
At the New Prentice Women’s Hospital at Northwestern Memorial Hospital in Chicago, SSL is used in two color-changing diversionary walls, patient room night lights and exterior egress lighting above the doors. Photo: Jeff Millies/Hedrich Blessing
But even so, GE’s Gotti has
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ARCHITECT’S VIEW
In fact, one of MNL+B’s
healthcare clients did extensive research on LED fixtures and found that the only applications where SSL made fiscal sense were these types of locations. “They were able to save an entire full time employee, in terms of maintenance, but found that the energy savings were trivial.”
Yet another application,
North explains, that the technology’s direct current operation, no internal arc and dimming possibilities can make them a good fit for certain spaces such as MRI rooms.
At the same time, another
tricky issue is the learning curve which electrical contractors are currently climbing. “The dimming and control of these systems is confusing to contractors, and they see more infrastructure required to accommodate the lighting and controls,” adds Sahaja.
With such a complicated mix
of issues, it’s questionable whether SSL will emerge victorious in different situations. As such, Sahaja encourages designers to bring human performance data into the discussion with building owners. “We must create an environment where we can leverage these tools, not struggle to include them,” she explains. “Human performance benefits allow us to modify the ROI model of building costs and payback, thereby justifying the additional infrastructure, design time and increased first cost of
Sacred Heart Hospital, Eau Claire, Wisc.
cutting-edge technology.”
Code Check above:
One of only eight Brain Lab Demonstration sites in the country, Sacred Heart Hospital turned to customized LEDs from Everbrite to create a floor to ceiling wall of blue light to help relax patients and staff in an otherwise tense environment. Photo: Sacred Heart Hospital, Eau Claire, Wisc.
www.architecturalssl.com
definitely have this ‘cool’ factor
equipment, or allowing for higher
An additional factor which
going for them. Some clients
ceiling heights, says Meyers.
sometimes works toward LED’s
clearly want LEDs, almost regard-
benefit is energy code require-
less of cost.”
opportunity for LED fixtures in
ments, although current T5 and T8
locations that are difficult to
technology is generally sufficient
benefits are catching the atten-
maintain such as lobbies with high
to meet the codes, and at a much
tion of healthcare organizations.
ceilings, mechanical rooms with
lower price point. Still, SSL’s high
For example, smaller fixtures take
extensive piping, or other areas
efficiencies and lack of mercury
up less space above the ceiling,
that make changing lamps dif-
are selling points, particularly in
freeing up the plenum for other
ficult,” he explains.
energy-intensive hospitals.
Furthermore, some LED
But mostly, “we see the best
Architectural SSL • 08.11 • 25
ARCHITECT’S VIEW
The other reality is the fact
that the main user groups within hospitals—patients, staff and visitors—all have their own unique lighting needs such as the nurse charting/work area light, room ambient light, patient reading light and a visitor reading light. Although all the lights are rarely on at once, this still creates a high lighting power density which isn’t practical to put on an automated control system since use is so task driven. “Although there is talk of moving energy codes toward a full energy-use model, we are still living in a total power density environment, and there has been little to no work to quantify lighting use patterns in healthcare environments of which to base code requirements,” explains North.
As for green building stan-
dards, although they generally encourage the use of LED, the truth, according to Sahaja, is that the LEED rating system, lighting is afforded a lower percentage of total points within the full rating scale, so highly energy-efficient technologies, such as SSL, remain a Rush University, Chicago
relatively low enticement.
Ironically, Sahaja actually
found the LEED platform to be rather limiting. On one particular LEED project, she explains,
budget—much of the accent rope
all the LEDs were required to be
had to be dropped from the design.
will eventually break out of its
Similarly, Peifer expects SSL above:
niche applications which currently
diode efficacy in order to earn a
What’s next?
exist where specific criteria and
Platinum rating. Although Sahaja
Moving forward, lighting designers
a unique technological advantage
didn’t require that level of output,
anticipate that LED’s role within
are compatible. “This is small
she was forced to work with
healthcare spaces will evolve into a
potatoes considering the potential
the high-power LEDs and their
more active one, particularly if and
for LEDs in the larger healthcare
increased heat and engineer-
when the technology’s health ben-
footprint.”
ing costs. On a related note, the
efits become better documented
designer wanted to use accent
and quantified.
adoption of SSL, starting in 2013,
LED lighting, says lighting designer Leslie North, works well in some, but not all, healthcare applications. For her project involving the illumination of the new Entry Pavilion at Rush University Medical Center in Chicago, she’s employing SSL for the following applications: signage, donor recognition, task lighting, displays, landscape highlighting, under-bench and in-perimeter edge path lighting.
rope with the fixtures. However,
once prices drop. “Give sophisti-
Image: Perkins+Will
the higher-powered LEDs required
LEDs are making their way in based
cated lighting automation systems
a higher efficacy rope, which
on payback ROI focusing on main-
another few years to scale. By the
ran $55 per ft., distributor net,
tenance and energy savings. “But it
end of the decade, we will see an
as opposed to a lower-efficacy
seems more logical as a long-term
expansion of feature sets that we
product that was available at $15
model to incorporate human perfor-
can only imagine at this point.
per ft. Ultimately, in the pursuit
mance metrics into our standards,”
Healthcare, as a result of this tech-
of LEED Platinum—and staying on
she says.
nology, will be profoundly changed.
50 lumens per watt or higher in
26 • 08.11 • Architectural SSL
At the moment, Sahaja says,
In fact, Peifer projects a mass
www.architecturalssl.com
ILLUMINATE THE EXPERIENCE More than one hundred outdoor LED luminaires, featuring the latest technology in LED’s and digital controls to create the most comprehensive portfolio of intelligent lighting solutions; all backed by the largest manufacturer of lighting in North America.
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ONE LITHONIA WAY, CONYERS, GA 30012
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Choctaw Casino Resort Durant, Okla.
Choctaw Casino Resort Borrowing from the colors of the casino gaming inside, lighting for the Durant, Okla., resort features saturated colors that can be seen for miles.
Owner: Choctaw Nation of Oklahoma Architect: WorthGroup Scenic Design/Fabrication: Lexington Design & Fabrication Lighting Design (exteriors and lobby feature): Visual Terrain Engineering and Fabrication of water/Flame feature and Lobby Rain Curtains: Technifex Interior Lighting Design: Nautilus Entertainment Design General Contractor: FlintCo LLC Text: Ellen Lampert-Gréaux Photos: Tom Pavia, Tom Pavia Photography The Challenge: Located just two hours from Dallas, the $300-million Choctaw Casino Resort in Durant, Okla., is the flagship property for the gaming operations of the Choctaw Nation of Oklahoma. Designed by Bryan Hamlin, vice president of design for WorthGroup architects, the 110,000-sq.-ft. property pulls more than 80% of its clientele from Northern Texas. For Lisa Passamonte Green, principal/ CEO at the architectural lighting firm Visual Terrain, and her team, the challenge in illuminating the gaming facility was to provide an interesting nighttime personality for the building’s exterior—something, that ultimately could be seen for miles around. The designer determined the building should be saturated in color. The issue was how?
The Solution: Gambling that LEDs would provide the color palette, movement, and intensity—as well as artistic integrity—desired for this project, Green and her lighting designers created a fully orchestrated exterior façade lighting system using Philips Color Kinetics Color Reach RGB LED fixtures.
28 • 08.11 • Architectural SSL
Visual Terrain also used SSL to illuminate entry pylons, a fire/ water feature in front of the porte-cochère, as well as an interior lobby feature consisting of three 80-ft. walls of water. Their efforts paid off, not only in a kinetic array of bold colors that accent the sculpted architecture of the facades and the interior lobby, but the project has
www.architecturalssl.com
LED fixtures needed to be waterproof as well as robust, since Oklahoma can experience severe weather, including snow and ice.
won both an award of excellence from the IESLA, and an award of merit from the IESNA. More importantly, according to Green, Visual Terrain remains involved with the Choctaw Casino and Resort via a design maintenance contract: “Once a quarter we go out and maintain the quality of the
www.architecturalssl.com
The facade The architecture on the building undulates. “It’s very sculptural,” explains Green, who notes that ribbons of concrete stand out from the façade like waves between the rows of windows. “This allowed us to play with the lighting on the facades. But even with color-changing LEDs, we sought to have a through-line, or distinctive palette, as we articulated the nighttime personality of the project. We were also very careful to calculate the angles as to not have light trespass into the hotel rooms.” All four façades are lit from below, with the LED fixtures placed atop a low roof, equivalent to three stories high, or on nearby poles set in the landscaping. Power is drawn from within the building. In order to get the exact colors they wanted, the lighting designers used 156 Philips Color Kinetics Color Reach RGB LED fixtures, yet replaced some of the green diodes with amber to widen the available palette. “There are half as many green as red and blue, with the other half of green replaced with amber,” points out Green. This gave the designers the coverage and colors they needed by using the fixtures in three different beam spreads (8°, 23°, and 40°) along with 26 Color Kinetics 106 Data Enablers and two 2-port ETC N326-2F Net3 Nodes. “The color combinations were chosen to help tell the story,” says Green. The fixtures are placed so that the cueing can move the color in any direction as well as corner-to-corner on each of the four facades.
show and outdoor lighting, checking focus and making sure everything is running correctly,” notes Green. “We give the owners a lot of credit in having us stay involved for the care and feeding of the design and LEDs, and to make sure the lighting remains a positive experience for their guests.”
Architectural SSL • 08.11 • 29
Programming Green and colleague Michael Mahlum programmed the facades at night, sometimes sitting 250 ft. from the building in the entry drive, with cables run from the building. The overall lighting for the property used five universes of DMX, but as Mahlum points out, it was a little tricky: “There are two universes for the interior fountain and three for the exterior of the building, fountain and pylons. That being said, I wrote a custom profile in the ETC gateways for the fixtures that wash the facade so that they would fit into a four DMX address footprint rather then the six-address footprint they required.” This, he says, was partly because the units have the custom amber LEDs installed to replace one of the green LED groups, and the team needed the units to function as a red, green, blue, amber fixture, “but also because it let us keep our Universe count reduced.” Mahlum found that working with DMX to control the whole system was actually relatively easy compared to some protocols: “You have ultimate flexibility in regards to addressing the unit and how they behave. The trick is to make sure you coordinate all of the different addresses— thousands in this case—with the controller and confirm that everything is mapped correctly,” he says. “The biggest challenge is actually dealing with the time limitation. You have to be able to process large amounts of information correctly the first time, or you end up chasing down small things that have large impact. I do have to say that selecting the correct controller for the job makes a big difference in how much work is required to control the LEDs and the systems. We have six ETC Mosaic architectural control systems (three primary and three backup units) and they made all the difference in the world for programming the effect and overall look.• 30 • 08.11 • Architectural SSL
energy saver
Each of the 156 LED fixtures on the facades requires 290 watts when on at full, so the total wattage for the entire facade is 40,250 watts. “Not bad when you think that for the same coverage and intensity you would need 156 1,000-watt metal halides for a whopping 156,000 watts, and that would not give you any of the dynamic movement,” notes Mahlum about the energy savings.
ABOVE: The lighting cues start at dusk, but the first cue is an hour long, says Green—like a sunset washing across the façade. In fact, she says, very few people consciously notice it as it looks as if the sun is setting on the building. “Then there are various looks throughout the evening—some dramatic, some playful,” says the lighting designer.
www.architecturalssl.com
BUFFALO ART Inside the casino, three 80-ft.- x 30-ft-high water curtains provide the backdrop for a large White Buffalo sculpture, which represents an important symbol for the Choctaw Nation. It stands on a low pedestal surrounded by waterfalls. The lighting for this lobby comprises 37 recessed-mount underwater LED.600 and 120 linear LED.180
fixtures by Fountain People. Visual Terrain designed and programmed four different five-minute shows. “They include washes of colorchanging LEDs on the gray tiled wall, which is made shiny by the three layers of water curtains, which look like rain covering the wall,” explains Green. “The fixtures are in the pool at the bottom of the wall, and programmed to include
strobe effects. The color palette ranges from purple and pink to amber and gold, as well as red and blue, as the shows move through big moments and intimate moments, and sunrise to sunset at various times of the day. The sculpture, with crystal and glass mosaics, is lit with high sidelight and angled front light, all with white non-LED fixtures by Sistemalux.
ARRIVAL BY NIGHT A dramatic accent outside the casino is a fire/water feature complete with flaming rings, in front of the porte-cochere. The art element, of course, is illuminated via SSL. “The LEDs are programmed to echo the color scheme on the main building,” says Green. She used linear Color Kinetics ColorGraze Powercore fixtures which are actually hidden in the column caps in a small lip. In the pylons that line the entry drive, linear LED Light Bars by LED Power echo the same colors for a unified design approach, creating a series of LED-lit sculptures from the pylons to the fire feature to the building itself, guiding you into the property at night. “All of the sources are hidden as much as possible to allow all of the objects to be daytime sculpture, even the facade of the tower,” Green explains, noting that the daytime sculptures all come alive at night with their own presence to define the personality of the Choctaw Nation and their newest property in Durant. Green believes they succeeded in bringing out those personalities. “When we first turned on the lighting, it was visible from miles away, Green adds. “The hotel is a tall building that can be seen from the nearby highway and cars would come and park to watch us programming.”
www.architecturalssl.com
Architectural SSL • 08.11 • 31
Circle 11
SSLprofile: Good as Gold: Toronto hotspot offers FINE Dining in an LED setting Scarpetta Restaurant Toronto, Canada
By Vilma Barr, contributing writer
Scarpetta restaurant in the Thompson Toronto Hotel has attracted a following of discerning patrons for its haute cuisine and distinctive environment. Set against a background of dark wood for the dining tables and bar and dark fabric for the banquettes, the soft warm glow of the lighting for the 4,500-sq.-ft. restaurant creates a dramatic and flattering aura for diners.
Located in the arts and theater King West
Village neighborhood, the hotel teamed with renowned chef Scott Conant to bring the talents to Toronto that he had successfully introduced to his restaurants in New York City, Beverly Hills, and Las Vegas. Scarpetta is a vernacular translation from the Italian designation for “little shoe,” derived from the shape that bread takes when used to soak up sauces or other liquids from around a dish.
The hotel also engaged Toronto-based
LightBrigade Architectural Lighting Design for the lighting design, a firm recognized for its award-winning work for Brown Thomas, Dublin, Ireland, Holt Renfrew, Toronto, and the W Hotel, Atlanta.
“From the outset of the planning, lighting
assumed a significant role in establishing the sophisticated urban atmosphere,” says Rhomney Forbes-Gray, principal of the firm. “At the same time, the lighting would define and provide dimension to the intimate dining spaces,” Forbes-
above: At Scarpetta, the golden glow cast by custom chandeliers creates an elegant effect that is the restaurant’s signature visual element. The mesh curtain surrounding the area is illuminated in a rich blue from RGB fixtures from Color Kinetics.
Gray explains.
The interior of Scarpetta was designed by
Studio Gaia Architecture and Interiors, New York, and its dominant design features a trio of
Images: Jorge Rios; Itay Sikolski, courtesy Studio Gaia
www.architecturalssl.com
large-scale custom chandeliers designed by the firm and fabricated by Viso Inc.
Architectural SSL • 08.11 • 33
SSLprofile:
Scarpetta Restaurant, Toronto, Canada
Golden Globes, inside the restaurant’s signature chandeliers, are illuminated with “xelogen” a mixture of xexon and halogen, a combination that added extra warmth, according to lighting designer Rhomney Forbes-Gray.
The Challenge: To attract a sophisticated clientele of visitors and residents to its premier destination in Toronto, Thompson Hotels teamed with the chef and operator of three other successful urban dining establishments to open Scarpetta. The décor would be elegant and contemporary, with a restrained, dark-hued interior for furnishings and surfaces to feature the food presentation and the diners themselves. Lighting for the dining areas would be responsible for the color palette for the main dining room with a warm golden cast beaming from sculptural ceilinghung chandeliers that unify the space and create a strong functional architectural element.
Awash in LED In the hallway to the restrooms, 12-watt, 3,000°K linear LEDs wash the corridor. As a whole, Scarpetta is an energy efficient operation, consuming a total of 1.35 watts per sq. ft. in the dining operation, with the decorative lighting consuming an additional 0.9 watts per sq. ft., making it ASHRAE compliant.
The solution: To complement the elegant decor and custom luminaires, LightBrigade employed RGB fixtures at the perimeter of the restaurant to illuminate metal mesh curtains in a deep and saturated blue. SSL, in the form of white linear fixtures, was also used to graze the restaurant’s impressive wine collection.
“From the outset of planning, lighting assumed a significant role in establishing the atmosphere. At the same time, it would define and provide dimension to the space.”
seated at the dining tables,” Forbes-Gray says.
silhouette effect with 3,000°K linear LED strips, 7
watts per sq. ft., placed in the back of the case.
Floor-to-ceiling windows in the main din-
ing room gain dimension with a knife-pleated
adjustable fabric shade system. Blue 25-watt LED
mize heat within the temperature controlled
uplights are integrated within the window sills to
case,” she indicates.
highlight the perimeter wall during the evenings.
square trimless MR16 downlights with 20° spot
Illuminating the private dining room with
“Low-wattage LEDs were selected to mini-
In the paneled ceiling are dimmable 35-watt
seating for 18 is a sculptural ceiling-hung fixture
directed to individual table tops.
comprised of a series of 18 tubular glass and
bronze pendants. Also designed by Studio Gaia
the dining arrangement be changed in the future,”
Gently flared gold mesh shades are stretched
and fabricated by Viso, these modernized candle-
over a metal frame to create luminaires that
sticks appear to float above the dining table
says Forbes-Gray.•
are examples of functional art. The two largest,
surface. Ranging in suspension length from 6 ft.
12-ft.- and 19-ft.-long x 4.5-ft.-wide, are posi-
to 7.5 ft., each pendant is fitted 12 in. from the bot-
tioned in the main dining room, above dark wood
tom with a 10 watt, clear T3 xelogen 2,800°K lamp.
tables, chairs and serpentine-curved banquettes.
“We specified xelogen, a gas that combines xenon
A third smaller fixture is poised over a grouping
and halogen, for this application for its warmth
of dining tables.
and even distribution to both the table top and
the seated diners,” Forbes-Gray notes.
Glittering inside amber glass globes of dif-
ferent sizes, hung at varying heights within the
2.5-ft.-tall shades are clear 25-watt long-life A-19
displayed in a 25-ft.-long cabinet behind a pan-
lamps. “The effect is a subtle golden glow, almost
eled wood-frame-enclosure. To add architectural
like soft sunlight, which is very flattering to those
interest to this surface, Forbes-Gray devised a
34 • 08.11 • Architectural SSL
Scarpetta’s 3,800-bottle wine collection is
“Each fixture has 45° adjustability should
Project Credits:
Project: Scarpetta Restaurant Location: Toronto Owner: Thompson Hotels, New York City Interior Design: Studio Gaia Architecture & Interiors New York: Xyrus Diego Lighting Design: LightBrigade Architectural Lighting Design Toronto: Rhomney Forbes-Gray, Michelle Zenger, Jesse Blonstein, In collaboration with Studio Gaia
www.architecturalssl.com
SHINE
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VISIT WWW.UL.COM/SHINE
Circle 12
Circle 13
SSLprofile: HOSPITAL uses Light AND Color to help Relax patients and Visitors alike Yale-New Haven Hospital Atrium New Haven, Conn.
By Jason Broadhurst, Lumenpulse
Yale-New Haven Hospital (YNHH), is the primary teaching hospital for the Yale School of Medicine and School of Nursing in New Haven, Conn. It is the largest hospital in the state, with more than 503,000 outpatient/emergency visits, and 50,000 inpatient discharges.
The main campus of YNHH comprises four
pavilions, connected by a central atrium. One of these pavilions is the 14-story Smilow Cancer Hospital, the North Pavilion, and it was the 2009 renovation of this pavilion that prompted the hospital to upgrade the atrium to the same level. As the focal point in welcoming patients to the hospital, the three-story atrium was the ideal space to create relaxing, yet vibrant environment.
The hospital wanted the atrium to be the
hub of the building—a place for patients to spend time in, and relax. It needed to be welcoming, and pleasantly bright, without causing glare. But the original atrium had never incorporated an integrated lighting approach, and being nested between high buildings, daylight was limited, often leading to a gloomy feeling—even during the day. A lighting solution that was subtle, sufficiently bright, and that harvested the available daylight was critical.
It was also important for visitors to be
quickly oriented when they entered the hub given the four separate entrance pavilions in each corner. The hospital wanted a lighting
above: As the nexus of each of the hospital’s four pavilions, hospital officials wanted the central atrium to be a welcoming spot where visitors and patients could spend time in an atmosphere that was bright with daylight and helped combat a feeling of gloom. That lighting also needed to act as a wayfinding mechanism. Colored LEDs not only helped that goal, but provided a relatively maintenance-free solution that also helped accentuate the interior finishes. Images: Wendy Benson
www.architecturalssl.com
solution that would help visitors quickly and effortlessly identify the correct entrance upon arrival. And, should guests need assistance during their stay, it was important that the information desk be easily identified. Finally, the hospital wanted to highlight the wood paneled walls
Architectural SSL • 08.11 • 37
SSLprofile:
yale new Haven hospital, New Haven, Conn.
The Challenge: The Hospital wanted the atrium to be a place for patients to spend time in and relax. It needed to be welcoming and pleasantly bright without causing glare. But the original atrium had never incorporated an integrated lighting approach, and being nested between high buildings, daylight was limited, leading to a gloomy feeling, even in the day time. A solution that was subtle, sufficiently bright, and that harvested available daylight, was critical. The solution: Lam Partners turned to colored LED and products more commonly associated with architectural façade lighting in order to achieve the throw distance desired, particularly given hospital restrictions regarding fixture placement.
with complementary lighting, limit maintenance requirements to reduce costs, and easily control and manage the light at any given moment.
In the course of trying to implement these
lighting objectives fixture installation challenges also arose. Because the atrium had been newly
identifiable contact point. The white LED lighting
renovated, and the hospital staff feared the risk
also finishes off a clean, accessible and welcom-
of damaging the new terrazzo floor, the hospital
ing reception area. White 3000K fixtures were
prohibited the use of mechanical lifts for installa-
also placed to graze the woodwork on the walls
tion or maintenance. Therefore, all fixtures had to
around the atrium with close attention paid to
be installed within the reach of a 12 ft. of a ladder.
sight lines from upper levels for each fixture to
avoid glare when looking down, or descending
Lighting Designer Lam Partners, Cambridge,
Mass., decided on a grazing and wall-washing
the stairs. With a very tight space in which to
approach using SSL fixtures from Lumenpulse, as
mount the fixtures, a 10˚ x 60˚ optic was used
the company’s various fixtures could adapt to the
to produce a narrow beam—throwing light in
unusual architectural geometry and were ideal
exactly the right place.
for illuminating the high walls and ceilings the
lobby space presented. Specifically, Lam used the
ft. above the floor and distribute light throughout
Lumenfacade family of products.
the atrium. The easy-install fixtures made the
use of mechanical equipment unnecessary during
To quickly orient visitors, each of the atrium
The fixtures were installed no higher than 12
corners, above the pavilion entrances, are grazed
installation, and offers access to the fixtures for
with color. The system enables the hospital to
future maintenance.
identify each pavilion with a unique color, or
gradually rotate through a subtle color-changing
is located behind the information desk for full
show. Using Lumenfacade Remote RGB fixtures,
control of all the lighting in the atrium, enabling
each entrance is now easily identified. A free-
white light to be easily adjusted to suit the
standing stone wall positioned behind the recep-
levels of natural light at any time of the day or
tion desk is also now grazed with white LED
night. And, the colors and color sequences of
light from 3000K Lumenfacade fixtures, making
each corner are also fully controllable from the
above: 3000K fixtures were placed to graze the woodwork
the reception desk a focal point and an easily
same keypad.•
on the walls around the atrium. Photos: Wendy Benson
38 • 08.11 • Architectural SSL
A Lumentouch Intelligent Control Keypad
www.architecturalssl.com
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TheContinuingArchitect.com 6/2/11 5:26:03 PM
the White pages
By Kevin Willmorth, contributing writer
LEDs vs. the World A quick look at how SSL stacks up against conventional tech In lighting system application, the choice of what light source is most
efficiencies as high as 92%, the case for LED products is difficult to
effective is founded on the core of balancing initial cost, operating
make. While these lamps do contain mercury, the volume has been sig-
costs, performance and desired quality. No single technology will ever
nificantly reduced. Commercial recycling is improving, ironically, due
meet all of these criteria for every application. While solid-state light-
to the current effort to replace T12 lamps now being obsolete.
ing has improved dramatically in just a few short years, the technology is recognizably not ready to take on all lighting challenges with uniform success. In the meantime, pragmatic appraisal of lighting needs and products available—both conventional and LED—will reveal the best approach.
Downlighting
“The growth of linear LED products rivals that of the explosion of downlights. The availability of line-voltage products, requiring no remote power supplies, promise to resolve many of the installation issues inherent with remote equipment connections.”
The number of available, reasonably priced, high-performance LED downlights has exploded in the last three years. When compared to halogen or incandescent products, the latest LED alternatives will show
Retrofit MR, PAR, R and A Lamps
reasonable payback periods. At higher ceiling heights, or when higher
The market continues to seek efficient, affordable and effective solid-
light levels or adjustable aiming is needed, the range of available prod-
state replacements for the halogen and CFL products now in use. While
ucts is limited. Against CFL downlights, LED luminaires offer greater
a large number of manufacturers offer a wide range of replacement
directional control, longer service life and elimination of lamp mercury.
lamp products, the disparity in performance—from good to bad—is equally large. Unfortunately, those closest to the price point most
Outdoor Area, Roadway and Garage Lighting
attractive to customers are those that perform the poorest. How-
From a performance perspective, LED street and area lighting offers a
ever, competitive forces and growing market interest are creating
strong value proposition over metal halide (MH). With higher efficacy
the demand necessary to elevate production techniques to produce
and more direct lighting control, LED pole-mounted products are
lower-cost product. In 2011, several leading lamp manufacturers
becoming more viable. However, the cost of an LED product is still
announced opening of fully automated manufacturing plants in China
significantly higher than MH or HPS. Because of this, the most success-
which promise to cut production costs significantly. Additional effort is
ful payback is found in areas where maintenance costs or risk of lamp
being made to improve color quality, while LED efficiency continues to
failures is high. As prices improve, solid-state area lighting will move
improve retrofit lamp performance overall.
deeper into mainstream outdoor lighting market.
Cove and Display Linear Refrigerated Case Lighting
The growth of linear LED products available to light coves, display
Fluorescent lamps are particularly ill-suited to application in refriger-
cases, and architectural surfaces rivals that of the downlight explo-
ated cases, as are incandescent lamps. Since LEDs work very well in
sion, and by many of the same players. The areas of greatest concern
cold spaces, the gain in efficiency is significant, reducing load on refrig-
are initial cost and location of remote power supplies. However, the
eration equipment, and significantly reducing service costs. Payback is
availability of line-voltage products, requiring no remote power sup-
often measured in months, with a significant improvement in display
plies, promise to resolve many of the installation issues inherent with
lighting quality. However, care must be taken to avoid retrofit products
remote equipment connections. Care must be taken to avoid placing
that are no better than the fluorescent lamps they replace.
solid-state products in confined spaces to avoid over-heating.
Recessed and Surface Linear Fluorescent Products
tinue and accelerate, although not universally into all luminaire types
The growth of solid-state in general illumination promises to con-
As lumen output and efficacy of LEDs increases, more product cat-
or applications. As long as solid-state technology continues to be tar-
egories will be open to entry by solid-state technology. However, of
geted at existing conventional product categories, the best approach
all conventional sources, the T8 lamp is the most venerable. With T8
remains in objective evaluation, and offsetting the technologies' higher
lamps available with rated life of 60,000 hours, and as high as 110 lm.
initial costs with reduced maintenance in addition to reductions in
per watt, along with a very low total installed cost for luminaires with
energy consumption.•
40 • 08.11 • Architectural SSL
www.architecturalssl.com
the White pages
By Lee Hewitt, Principal Engineer – Lighting Underwriters Laboratories
An Introduction to LED Retrofit Luminaire Conversion An alternative approach to updating building lighting Technology driven retrofitting of electric lighting has been around for
brackets, wire connectors, reflectors, diffusers and other associated
decades. Underwriters Laboratories created a retrofit kit category in
mechanical, electrical or optical devices.
1987 recognizing the need by lighting contractors and installers to provide updated reflector kits for previously listed and installed fluores-
What Does UL Classified Mean?
cent luminaires without the need to replace the entire luminaire. The
Unlike the mandatory UL listed requirement of basic luminaires by the
category was entitled Retrofit Luminaire Conversions. This category
National Electrical Code in the United States and Canadian Electrical
covers retrofit devices or kits intended for field installation in listed
Code in Canada, retrofit kits are UL classified as a field installed retro-
luminaires, office furnishing luminaires or portable luminaires. The
fit kit. Note that the UL-classified kits are evaluated by UL engineers
retrofit kits were investigated to determine that, when used in accor-
using all the same safety requirements applicable to luminaires includ-
dance with the instructions provided, they do not adversely affect the
ing risk of shock, risk of fire and risk of personal injury. Essentially the
operation of the retrofitted luminaire.
kits, installation instructions and kit components are evaluated using
Three years later a specific safety standard was published, UL
the outline of investigation in conjunction with the basic luminaire
1598B Supplemental Requirements for Luminaire Reflector Kits for
safety standards in the U.S. and Canada. The evaluation is intended
Installation on Previously Installed Fluorescent Luminaires, which pro-
to verify that when kits are installed on listed luminaires using the
vided guidance and requirements for the retrofit conversion kits that
provided installation instructions, it does not adversely affect the
are classified by UL.
operation or safety compliance of the now retrofitted luminaire.
With the advent of LED technology and the growing demand for
LED luminaire retrofit kits, UL saw a need to address this dynamic
Another Alternative to Consider
technology by creating a category specifically intended to address the
With lighting energy usage second only to air conditioning in most
technology: Light-Emitting Diode Retrofit Luminaire Conversion Kits.
buildings, significant emphasis today is placed on making lighting
To support this new category and to fully address the fast-moving LED
more energy efficient and consistent with green initiatives. In addition
lighting technology, UL developed specific safety requirements for LED
architects and building planners are interested in updating lighting to
retrofit kits that are documented in Subject 1598C Outline of Inves-
take advantage of the flexibility of the new solid state lighting technol-
tigation: Light Emitting Diode Retrofit Luminaire Conversion Kits. An
ogy including LED lighting. Replacement of existing luminaires using
excerpt from the Subject 1598C Outline of Investigation covering the
incandescent or fluorescent lighting technology is often chosen. This
scope of the requirements reads as follows:
of course requires scrapping of all existing luminaires and reinstalling new luminaires and wiring. While this is sometimes the best choice, the
Scope: "1.1 These requirements apply to light-emitting diode (LED)
use of UL classified retrofit kits can be an effective and safe alternative
retrofit luminaire conversion kits that are intended to replace existing
to the cost and scope of updating existing luminaires in a building and
light sources and systems including incandescent, fluorescent, induc-
does not require scrapping of the complete luminaires.
tion and high intensity discharge (HID) light sources in previously
installed luminaires that already comply with the requirements in the
the role and scope of the UL classified luminaire retrofit kits for use
Standard for Luminaires, UL 1598. The kits are intended for use on:
in general lighting applications. In addition, some new applications
include retrofitting commercial refrigerators and freezers with the
a. Luminaires where specific luminaire model or part numbers are
UL continues to work with the inspection community to clarify
identified in the kit installation instructions; or
latest LED technology without replacing the basic refrigeration units
themselves. These types of retrofit kits can be found in UL Classifica-
b. One or more generic type luminaires that meet specific criteria
identified in the installation kit instructions."
tion Category entitled Light-Emitting-Diode Retrofit Luminaire Conver-
sion Kits for Commercial Refrigerators and Freezers.•
Section 1.2 is an outline of investigation that contains require-
ments that supplement the luminaire requirements contained in the Standard for Luminaires, UL 1598, that apply to the retrofit kit and the luminaire.
Section 1.3 addresses LED retrofit kits covered by these require-
ments, including, but not limited to LED lamps and arrays, LED control modules, LED drivers, LED power supplies, wiring, lampholders,
Lee Hewitt is the Principal Engineer in the Lighting Team at Underwriters Laboratories responsible for Retrofit Kit standards and requirements. He is also the principal member of the National Electrical Code Panel 18 (NFPA 70) from UL responsible for U.S. installation code requirements for lighting and signs in the NEC. He can be reached at Lee.C.Hewitt@us.ul.com or at 847.664.2906.
www.architecturalssl.com Architectural SSL • 08.11 • 41
ADVANCES
Product Introductions
Cobrahead Alternative The LEDway SLM IP66 is a sleek, low-profile luminaire designed by BetaLED to replace traditional cobrahead systems along residential streets, with a new form factor providing new aesthetic opportunities. The IP-66 rated unit can be mounted to either vertical or horizontal tenons, with options including occupancy sensors, two-level illumination, dimming and painted extrusions. Units also comply with IESNA and International Dark Sky Assn. guidelines, with patented optics protecting against light spillover. Visit www.betaled.com or Circle 306.
Color-selectable tiles, in some hospitals, are enabling pediatric patients to choose and change the color in their room at will.
1 A New Platform The new ALM 1.0 LED platform was designed by Cooper Lighting to integrate into 32 luminaires within the company’s traditional linear-fluorescent offerings. The low-power, low-brightness LED module assembly yields a 15% to 20% reduction in power density. Visit www.cooperlighting.com or Circle 305.
2 Planar Solution The LightCell from Oree provides a new planarlighting solution for product developers in both general and back light applications. The technology converts LED point sources to a planar, thin and uniform illuminating surface. The product features a modular design for varied end uses. Visit www. oree-inc.com or Circle 304.
3 Line Up Powered with line AC voltage, the Cove Light AC from Traxon Technologies was developed for a range of applications. Fixtures feature a 180-degree rotation axis, with an available 150-degree x 150-degree beam angle or an integrated reflector. Five dedicated color temperatures are offered, ranging from 2700K to 6500K. Visit www.traxon-usa.com or Circle 303.
42 • 08.11 • Architectural SSL
www.architecturalssl.com
PRESENTED BY THE U.S. GREEN BUILDING COUNCIL
ADVANCES
Product Introductions
You Might as Well Jump is a new luminaire from Philips Ledalite incorporating the company’s MesoOptics holographic nanotechnology, which optimally blends light and color to make spaces more visually comfortable. The integrated response daylight harvesting sensor, along with dimming capabilities, adds more opportunities for energy saving. Units are available in variety of mounting options, with an accessible design that will ease in-the-field upgrades and maintenance. Visit www.ledalite.com or Circle 302.
“Recognizing a disconnect between
the concept of lumens per watt and a more realistic lighting measurement, EPA’s Energy Star Program requirements couple lumens per watt efficacy for luminaires and sources with zonal density requirements.”
1 Bright Idea The new MR16 lamp from EDLUX features a nonglare design with a built-in reflector. Rated at 120 lm/w and 2700K, with a CRI of 80, the lamp is intended as a halogen replacement. Three beam angles are available to meet varied needs. Visit www.edlux. cn or Circle 301.
2 Get Wired This micro poke-in wire SSL connector from TE Connectivity eliminates the need for hand-soldering leads to lighting boards. Instead, wires can be stripped and poked into the connector, which can speed up SMT manufacturing processes. Visit www. te.com or Circle 300.
3 Starry Inspiration The design of the Galileo LEDme Track Luminaires from WAC Lighting was inspired by astronomical observatories. Available in black, brushed nickel and white finishes, the fixture is a direct replacement for 50-watt halogen units. They are dimmable using an electronic low voltage dimmer and can be ordered for spot or flood applications, in 3000K or 4000K versions. Visit www.waclighting.com or Circle 299.
44 • 08.11 • Architectural SSL
www.architecturalssl.com
Product Introductions
ADVANCES
Keeping a Low Profile With a sleek silhouette appropriate for retail displays, under-cabinet settings and in bathrooms, the LPad-LED from Hera Lighting is a winner of the international Red Dot Design award. Lamp life is rated at 30,000 hours, and options include a touchless IR switch and a choice of cool- or warmwhite LEDS, both with a CRI over 90. Visit www. heralighting.com or Circle 298.
“The growth of linear LED products available to light coves, display cases and architectural surfaces, rivals that of the downlight explosion. The areas of concern are initial cost and location of remote power supplies.”
4 On the Spot With a contemporary and compact die-cast design, the Concord Beacon spotlight from Havells USA offers a high CRI suitable for museums, galleries and high-end retail applications. Cooling fins are designed to help reduce LED junction temperatures and dimmable versions with a 100% to 0% range are available. Visit www.concordmarlin.com or Circle 297.
5 Next Generation The latest generation of the ES (shown) and LS star arrays are available from Bridgelux. Improvements include advances in chip design and packaging technologies that can reduce cost per lumen by up to 30%; color temperatures range from 2770K to 5600K. Visit www.bridgelux.com or Circle 296.
6 Tighty Whitey Designed for tight-fitting spaces, including undercabinet and cove applications, the Lumentask from Lumenpulse is a modular system available in sizes ranging from 1 ft. to 6 ft. Using between 5 and 10 watts/ft., units produce between 339 to 679 delivered lumens/ft. at 4000K. Visit www.lumenpulse. com or Circle 295
www.architecturalssl.com
Architectural SSL • 08.11 • 45
Ad Index
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∆§BSiT§
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acuity brands
www.acuitybrands.com
Circle 10
27
alanod
www.alanod.com
Circle 03
06
american illumination
www.american-illumination.com
Circle 06
12
archled’11
www.architecturalssl.com/archled
Beta Lighting
www.betaled.com
Circle 13
36
delray lighting
www.delraylighting.com
Circle 01
IFC
greenbuild 2011
www.greenbuildexpo.org
43
IALD
www.iald.org
47
Kim Lighting
www.kimlighting.com
Circle 15
OBC
Ledtronics
www.ledtronics.com
Circle 11
32
lightsearch
www.lightsearch.com
lumileds / philips
www.philipslumileds.com
Circle 14
IBC
helieon
www.helieon.com
Circle 05
11
osram sylvania
www.sylvania.com/LED
Circle 08
15
phihong
www.phihong.com/LED
Circle 04
09
RAB lighting
www.rabled.com
Circle 02
01
Sternberg Vintage Lighting
www.sternberglighting.com
Circle 07
13
TE connectivity / nevalo
www.nevalo.com/future1
Circle 09
21
the continuing architect
www.thecontinuingarchitect.com
UL
www.ul.com/shine
04
47
39 Circle 12
35
letters:
Conservation Questions
Ban the Bulb I’m writing about the overuse of the word “bulb” in our business. The term “bulb” belongs in gardening magazines, or in trade journals for landscape architects, not in lighting magazines. Professional people should be using the term “lamp” to describe an incandescent lighting source, or any other light source for that matter, except LED. That being said, in your otherwise insightful article about the DOE workshop, LEDs are not lamps, they are diodes, or semi-conductors, or solid state devices, or whatever you might want to call them—but not lamps, and shouldn’t be referred to as lamps in a technical journal for lighting professionals.
46 • 08.11 • Architectural SSL
W
VIE DS
T’S
LE
EC
ED
THE CONSERVATION
•
—Stephen Kohl, BEGA-US
—Raymon Soto, LC, CDT, LEED AP, Cannon Design
IT LY
http:// image. shutterstocck k. com/ display y_ y_ pic_ with_
UR
Launching new SSL products is not as dangerous as the risks taken by those magnificent men and their flying machines, but overcommitment to personal innovation at the expense of getting product to market can end a career as certainly as smashing to the earth in an experimental aircraft.
LT
No Parachute Required, equired, Safe Landing Uncertain
I find the many points of “The Conservation Imperative” (SSL 5/11 p. 16) well presented, and the technologies discussed and exposed are exciting. However, I think you completely contradict your IMPERATIVE premise that natural resources have been consumed to the point that we have been forced to move on to something new since the consumed, and therefore rare, is now no longer economical. In looking at the switch from whale oil lamps to petroleum, etc, your reasoning is flawed in that such changes were economically driven, not by a need to replace a depleted resource. To be sure, political constraints have a far greater limiting effect on these resources than does their actual existence. Thus I feel that the current enthusiasm for all things green has more merit in getting us to expand our realm of technologies than does any resource depletion scare, because as soon as the “scare” loses its emotional drive, the interest in all things green will disappear. Today’s market for LEDs is still primarily a politically motivated push and this can be seen by the number of specifiers clamoring for codes to push such CU
SSLObserved:
AR H CH
I very much enjoyed your article in the May issue of Architectural SSL. “No Parachute Required, Safe Landing Uncertain.” Besides, being brilliantly and beautifully written, I agree with your insights 100%!
HIG
On Target
conservation measures rather than allowing a more market and technology-based shift. Market by regulation simply doesn’t work in the long term, it never has, and threatens our not developing other more sensible energy saving technologies (and thus conservationist in their nature) and also threatens creating a demand “bubble” for one type of technology—LEDs in this case?—that will fizzle and ultimately set us back once the bubble bursts. Please don’t misconstrue my thoughts above as a desire to go back to halogen street lighting, simply a call to take off the blinders that cause a focus on the technology-du-jour rather than a more measured and educated application of all technologies. I find much to agree with in the last paragraph of your article, but I find much to debate in your 3rd sentence from the end, “However, all of these positive efforts…” as I feel it ignores the impact of regulation and politically motivated drivers that favor LED technology and presents it more as a simple advancement of the science. —Kerry A. Evanoff, U.S. Architectural/Sun Valley Lighting
questions? comments?
Email your thoughts to: jimc@architecturalssl.com
www.architecturalssl.com
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It works the way you think
SSL_4_2007_Ver1.indd 1
4/16/07 9:25:12 PM
SSLObserved:
By Kevin Willmorth
Under the Influence of the Mother-in-Law Above us An ever-growing list of standards and energy requirements, on the surface, seems like a sure-fire solution in taming much of the “Wild West” nature of SSL. But a too-tough approach, based almost purely on energy metrics, seems a recipe for bad lighting.
tims of this approach have not actually changed,
case of applied lighting design. While the IALD is
the only real hope is that the regulations become
positioned to carry this flag, its small scale and
habit, or else.
member demographic make it too easy to dis-
miss as a “2-percenter” population—elites at the
As we press forward with the saving of
energy, it is hard not to feel that the character
top of the design market that have little impact
of the SSL industry is being transformed from
on 95% of lighting decision making. This is not
inclusion of qualitative roots to one of pure
conjecture—this opinion has been stated publicly
compliance and avoidance. Since quality is
by members of the SSL community on more than
impossibly resistant to metric definition, it’s eas-
one occasion, and by presenters at conferences.
ily set aside. Some, lacking any sense of design,
consider “quality of the visual environment”
those pertaining to visual performance, visual
irrelevant—the whimpering of a few artistic
comfort, offending glare prevention, sense of
types of no consequence. Symbolic of this are
space, surfaces/forms modeling, human health,
Imagine you’re watching the classic movie or
many of the product award competitions won
et al, are left up to the 98% non-professional
sit-com nightmare—the mother-in-law moves in
by entries that deliver impressive efficiency—
lighting design decision maker community. Is
uninvited and immediately asserts her author-
regardless of offensive glare. And it’s not getting
this really where we want this all to go? If not,
ity over activities of a seemingly dysfunctional,
any better—the “know-better mother-in-laws” of
what can be done to stop it? Some would have
but oddly happy, household. The focus of the
the SSL world have big books of standards, and
us believe we can set metrics of good lighting
occupants shifts from life, liberty and the pursuit
add pages to it every day. Soon we will have the
practice—as if more metrics from the domineer-
of happiness—to the avoidance of conflict with
definitive guide to efficient lighting—enforced by
ing old woman upstairs is going to fix the metric
the wicked troll. Granted, before the invasion,
commandment and law, even if it gives us head-
mess she so covets… While I’d love to see the
life was no bowl of cherries—the kids were
aches and causes us to squint.
look on a contractor’s face when his building is
unruly, dad spent too much time in the garage,
red-tagged for not complying with “qualities and
and mom was imbibing a little-too constant flow
or are simply set aside, all that will be left will
visual performance standards,” I suspect this is
of chardonnay. According to the script, with the
be sales-driven marketers, product duplicators,
about as likely to happen as my being awarded a
imposition of the outside disciplinarian’s will,
Edison socket “retro-zealots,” and clumsy low-
Pulitzer Prize for objective journalism.
these issues are put straight: The kids are off the
grade import junk dealers. Add to this the pres-
no-fly list, the garage is shut, and mom’s fresh
sure created by first-cost controllers who strip
focused on ramming efficient products into the
from rehab. Yet, something is still wrong. The
anything that can’t be understood by quorum of
market—with the requisite enforcement barriers
spirit of the family has been crushed. Based on
a CPA, a legislator, and an ex-AT&T executive,
to be avoided. But this old woman has no inher-
cold metrics, it’s all in order. But from a qualita-
and we have lighting at its worst. Blend in a soft
ent taste or sense of style. Under her control,
tive perspective, it’s a painful environment, all
economy that makes technology marketers act
we are squandering one of the hottest innova-
business and no fun. More importantly, as soon
like vampires willing to sink their fangs into
tions in lighting and the potential to transform
as the meddling outsider leaves, things quickly
anything that even smells like a closable sale—
our visual and sustainable environment in truly
return to their previous state.
regardless of suitability or taste—and we have a
exciting and meaningful ways—beyond the sin-
true horror story in the making.
gularity of reducing energy use.•
Moral: Avoidance behavior does not pro-
If the artists in this industry abandon ship,
duce transformation—it is only operative as long
as there is something to be avoided. When the
the efforts of the IES, IEEE, ANSI, CIE, NEMA, and
hard work of gaining buy-in is set aside for the
ASHRAE have made a significant contribution
easy solution of forced regulation, there is no
to energy efficiency and advancement of the
turning back, more metrics begat more still, in
technology of solid-state lighting. What’s missing
an unending sequence of control. Since the vic-
is an equally forceful voice for the qualitative
48 • 08.11 • Architectural SSL
There is no doubt DOE, EPA/Energy Star,
The result? Application qualities, such as
The mother-in-law influence has us all
about the author:
Kevin Willmorth, a lighting expert and fixture designer, has been instrumental in helping create a vision and mission statement for Architectural SSL.
www.architecturalssl.com
Transforming Light LUXEON LEDs are changing the way we light the spaces we live, shop and play in. With unparalleled efficiency, quality, and reliability, LUXEON LEDs are a simple way to transform lighting and improve the well being of our environment. Whether you’re lighting a restaurant, roadway or architectural masterpiece, you can count on LUXEON to deliver long life, high-quality white light while reducing energy consumption. To learn how LUXEON can help you transform lighting, call our partner, Future Lighting Solutions, at +1-888-589-3662, or visit www.philipslumileds.com/assl
Circle 14
Wall Director速 LED this is leD wall mounted lighting perfection. this is Kim lighting.
Glare, no. Brilliant, yes. www.kimlighting.com
Circle 15