GEOGRAPHY'12'I LANDFORM ANALYSIS AND MAP INTERPRETATION
PLATE BOOK BECAUSE GEOGRAPHY 121 IS FUN, FUN, FUN.
HELLO. IN THIS COLLECTION ARE PLATES FOR YOUR PRACTICE OF THE CONCEPTS DISCUSSED IN OUR GEOGRAPNY 121 CLASS. THESE ARE DESIGNED TO HELP YOU PREPARE FOR THE EXAMS AND TO ENSURE THAT YOU CARRY OUR LEARNINGS BEYOND THE SEMESTER. FLIP THE PAGES AND ANSWER TO DISCOVER WHY AND HOW THE WHAT IS WHERE.
Contour Map Interpretation
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references: http://www.nwcg.gov/pms/pubs/475/PM5475 chap2a.pdf http : / /www.walkhighlands.co.uk/ safety/ contour-interpretation. shtml
http://geology.isu.edu/geostac/Field trxercise/topomaps/topo interp.htm Manila nd51-5 topographic sheet
PLATE
1
Contour Map Interpretation
GEOGRAPHY
121
Remember these
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 1O. I 1. 12. 13.
Concentric circles indicate a hill. Small circles indicate the top of a hill or a mountain. A point with a number label beside it indicates the height of a peak. Closely-spaced contours indicate steep slopes. trvenly-spaced contours indicate even slopes. Widely-spaced slopes indicate gentle slopes or a plain. Absence of slopes indicate a plain or a flat area. Contour lines that merge or cross each other indicate a cliff. Circles with lines inside that are pointing inwards indicate a depresssion. Ridges are u-shaped and the bottom of the "u" is pointing downhill. Gullies and valleys are v- or u-shaped and the bottom of the "v" or "u" are pointing upstream. Index contours are thicker than normal contours. To calculate for the contour interval (CI), calculate the difference between two succeeding index contours. Then divide the difference with the number of contours from one of the index contours to the next index contour..
Instructions for this plate
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 1O. 11.
Encircle a hill/mountain using a brown marker. Encircle three peaks/tops using a green marker. Shade an area with a steep slope using a violet marker. Shade an area with even slopes using an orange marker Shade a flat mountaintop/hilltop with a yellow marker. Shade a plain using a pink marker. Label Label Trace Trace
a cliff with a thick "C." a depression with a thick "D." all ridges using a red marker. all gullies and valleys using a blue marker.
What is the map's contour interval (CI)?
references: http: / /www.nwcg. gov/pms/pubs/ 475/ PM5475 chap2a.pdf http : / /www. walkhighlands. co. uk/ safety/ contour-interpretation. shtml
http://geology.isu.edu/geostac/Field trxercise/topomaps/topo interp.htm Manila nd51-5 topographic sheet
page 2 of 2
Watershed Delineation
PLATE 2
GEOGRAPHY
121
ANTIPOLO CITY CONTOURS AND RIVERS
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instructions: Delineate three major watersheds with blue markers. Use ridges as guides. reference: Antipolo City GIS data. Antipolo City boundary not authoritative.
page I of
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references: http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/viewshed http: //www. merriam-web ster. com/dictiona ry llineo/o2Oofo/o2
Manila nd5 1-5 topographic sheet
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page
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PLATE 3
Viewshed and Line of Sight
GEOGRAPHY
121
Remember these
1. 2. 3. 4.
A viewshed is the natural visible environment visible from one or more viewing points. A line of sight is a line from an observer's eye to a distant point. Sections of a line of sight may not be visible from the observation point if it a higher point is blocking it. A viewshed is derived by adding up all visibility evaluations of every line of sight from its observation point/s.
Instructions for this plate
l. 2. 3.
Point A is the observation point. Draw lines of sight - A to B, A to C, A to D, and A to E. For each line of sight, use a red marker to trace line segments that are visible from the observation point. Use a blue marker for tracing the line segments that are invisible from the observation point. Estimate a partial viewshed between the line of sights A-B and A-C. Use a green marker to shade the partial viewshade.
references: http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/viewshed http : //www. merriam-web ster. com/dictiona ry / lineo/o20 of!/o20s ight
Manila nd5l-5 topographic sheet
page 2 of 2
Aspect Mapping
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reference: Manila nd5l-5 topographic sheet
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page
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PLATE 4
Aspect Mapping
GEOGRAPHY
121
instructions for this plate
1.
Shade one slope for each type of aspect using a color assigned to each aspect below:
north south east west northeast northwest southeast southwest.
red orange
yellow blue
indigo violet fuschia pink crimson
2.
Using a pencil, shade three slopes that are relatively cooler than other slopes with respect to aspect.
3.
Using a ballpen, shade three slopes that are prone to mass movement, due to their aspect. Assume the area represented by the map as somewhere in the Philippines.
4
Assume the area represented by the map as somewhere in the Philippines. You are about to build a smoke-producing factory somewhere on the map. You are also about to build a residential estate somewhere on the map. Using aspect as a primary principle of location, place a thick x on the location where you must build your factory and a thick circle on the location where you must build your estate.
reference: Manila ndS1-5 topographic sheet
page 2 of 2
GEOGRAPHY
Choropleth and Dot Map
PLATE 5
121
AUSTRALIA IN AN ALTERNATE UNIVERSE
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page I of 2
PLATE 5
Choropleth and Dot Map
GEOGRAPHY
121
In an alternate universe that is much like ours, the Commonwealth of Australia is divided into 2O provinces and is comprised of many cities. The population sizes of each of the provinces are as follows:
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850,OOO 47 5,OOO
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946,OOO 230,OOO 87,OOO
31 l,OOO 399,OOO
567,000 210,OOO 150,OOO 95,OOO
Organize the provinces into five population classes of equal intervals. Assign a red color shade for each class; darkest red being the most populated. Apply the shading scheme on the map. Then, answer the items below. Give simple but sensible answers.
I 2
3 4 5 6
trxplain the distribution of populations in the map Why is province I very populated despite its distance from the capital? Why is province l4least populated despite its proximity to provinces with large populations? The cities of province 3 are arranged in a linear pattern. Why is that so? Province 4's southeast boundary follows a curvilinear pattern. Why is that so? What is the probable cause of the lack of cities towards the interior of the continent?
extra space for answers page 2 of 2
PLATE 6+7
GEOGRAPHY
Bathymetric Map and Vertical Profile
121
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references: http ://hvo.wr.usgs. gov/volcanoes/haleakala/mauinui.html http://mappery. com/maps/Honolulu-Hawaii-Diamond-Head-Waikiki-Tourist-Map.jpg http ://www.macworld. com/appguide/app.html?id: I I I 3 09&expand:false
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PLATE 6+7
Bathymetric Map and Vertical Profile
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PLATE 6+ 7
Bathymetric Map and Vertical Profile
GEOGRAPHY
121
Items about the first page. 1. Interpret the area enclosed by the circle. Interpret the area enclosed by the quadrilateral Construct a legend of the map of the first page using the blank space at the bottom of this page. Construct a vertical profile of the line segment A-A' using space in page 5. (The values of the contours are in feet units) trncircle a good docking area on the map on the first page. trxplain the intervals between contours in the map.
2. 3. 4. 5. 6.
Items about the second page. 1. Construct a vertical profile of the polyline A-A'using space in page 5. (Areas enclosed by thick lines are areas above sea level.) 2. Is the area enclosed by the circle an island? 3. trncircle the best docking area on the map based on the information at hand.
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meaning
page 3 of 5
PLATE 6+ 7
Bathymetric Map and Vertical Profile
GEOGRAPHY
121
vertical profile of the line segment on the first map
page 4 of 5
PLATE 6+ 7
Bathymetric Map and Vertical Profile
GEOGRAPHY
121
vertical profile of the polyline on the second map
page 5 of 5
PLATE 8
Slope Map
GEOGRAPHY
121
reminders Slopes
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18%o
and above are recommended by the Forest Management Bureau of the Philippines for permanent forest.
is set by housing agencies as the limit for agricultural and urban uses. 7%o is set as the limit for road construction. 3%o is the minimum slope required for drainage and sewage to flow in a natural manner. 3O%o
Answer the items below accordingly. 1. Using an "F" symbol, label 5 water channels in the area which may experience the fastest stream velocities due to slope. Based solely on the information portrayed by the map, encircle an area that should be banned from having houses and rice lands. Draw the shortest possible and allowable road to the Mayon crater from Sabluyon Road using the information at hand. Where are the permanent forests in the area? Construct a vertical profile of line A-A' using angles derived from slope percentages. Use the formula below:
2. 3. 3. 4.
If x = slope percentage and y = slope angle, then y = (x/ lOO)90 5. Construct a vertical profile of the Mayon Volcano using the line B-B'.
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references: Serote, Ernesto. Property, Patrimony, and Territory: Foundations of Land Use Planning in the Philippines.2OO4. Tabaco City 2O11 trcological Profile.
page I of 2
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REFERENCE/S: CPDO, LMB. GOOGLE EARTH IMAGES SHUTTLE RADAR TOPOGRAPHY MISSION GEOGRAPHY
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PLATE 10
Land Use and Land Classification
GEOGRAPHY
121
Different land uses in Tabaco City, Albay are portrayed in the first map. With your groupmates, discuss and answer the items below using complete sentences.
I
What are the general distributions of land use patterns in the city?
2
trxplain the probable causes of the pattern of residential development in the city
3
trxplain the probable causes of the pattern of coconut lands in the city.
4
Where are mangroves usually located?
5
trxplain the existence ofquarry areas.
6
There are residential land uses towards the Mayon crater despite the apparent danger of volcanic hazards. Why is that so?
7
What is the dominant form of livelihood in the area?
8
To which municipalities/cities do the water channels from Tabaco City lead to?
9
What does the density and pattern of the roads in the city indicate?
1O What is the short quotation by Knox, Marston, and Nash on what geography is?
Land classification in the Philippines can be divided into two types: (1) Alienable and Disposable (A&D) and (2) Non-Alienable and Non-Disposable (Non-A&D)
I
trncircle three parcels of land of various land uses that are in the Non-A&D land in the area.
2
What are the purposes behind a Non-A&D area inside the territory of Tabaco City?
3
What does "alienable and disposable land" mean?
reference: Tabaco City 2O11 trcological Profile
page I of 3
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REFERENCE/S: CITY PLANNING AND DEVELOPMENT OFFICE
crrY AssEsssoR',s oFFrcE LAND MANAGEMENT BUREAU, GOOGLE EARTH IMAGES GEOGRAPHY
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PLATE 11
GEOGRAPHY
Aerial Photo Interpretation
121
Remember these
l. 2.
Use the basic characteristics of features in aerial photographs to distinguish one feature from another. Use multiple characteristics if needed. Utilize common sense.
Answer and follow accordingly
l. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 910.
Draw a square around a mango plantation. Encircle an area with banana trees. What is the texture of banana trees in the photograph? Draw a triangle around a ridge. Is the winding line indicated in the middle of the photograph by an (*) a creek or a dirt path? Why? Draw a gully using a blue marker. Where in the middle of the photograph is a deeper portion of the water body? Why? Is the water body a river or a creek? Why? Draw a diamond around an are that is relatively flat. Draw an octagon around a steep slope. Ifthe aerial photograph is oriented to the north, from which direction is the sun shining when the photograph was taken?
reference: Antipolo City government aerial photograph of
a
portion of Barangay Calawis, Antipolo City
page 2 of 2
reference: Antipolo City government aerial photograph of
a
portion of Barangay Calawis, Antipolo City
PLATE 12
Orthophoto Interpretation
GEOGRAPHY
'121
Remember these (from usgs.gov)
1. A conventional perspective aerial photograph contains image displacements caused by the tilting of the camera and terrain relief (topography) 2. The effects of tilt and relief are removed from the aerial photograph by the rectification process to create an orthophoto. 3. An orthophoto is a uniform-scale photograph. It is a photographic map. 4. Since an orthophoto has a uniform scale, it is possible to measure directly on it like other maps. Direction is also correct in an orthophoto. 5. An orthophoto may serve as a base map onto which other map information may be overlaid.
Answer and follow accordingly
1. What type of soil is dominant in the lands above seawater in the area? 2. Use a quadrilateral to delineate a sandy area. 3. Draw a line to represent one relatively large gully in the southwest portion of the orthophoto 4. Delineate that gully's watershed. 5. What is the area represented by the white polyline in the southeast portion of the orthophoto? How long is the feature? 6. What is area ofthe region enclosed by the white-lined square in the northeast quadrant? 7. Identify the features that are numbered 1,2, and 3. 8. Identify the features that are labeled A and B. 9. From which direction is the sunlight coming from? 10. Construct a rough vertical profile ofthe polyline C-C'-C" 11. There is a pond at the south portion ofthe photograph. What is its possible use/s? 12. What is that thing encircled in the southwest portion of the orthophoto? 13. What is that thing encircled in the southeast quadrant ofthe orthophoto? 14. Differentiate the pond at the south with the two ponds inside the plain greenery in the northwest quadrant of the photograph 15. What is the area delineated by the white curviline in the northwest quadrant? 16. If that type of land use in the area expands, what are the possible geomorphological implications?
references: NAMRIA orthophoto
http://online.wr.usgs.gov/ngpo/doq/doq basics.html
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PLATE 12 d
GEOGRAPHY
Orthophoto Interpretation
121
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PROVINCE OF AKLAN ICIPALITY OF N4ALAY
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ORTHOPHOTO OF PART OF
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references: NAMRIA orthophoto
http://online.wr.usgs.gov/ngpo/doq/doq basics.html
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page 2 of 2
PLATE 1 3
Remote Sensing and Image Interpretation in General
GEOGRAPHY
'121
Launch Google Earth and follow the instructions below.
Type "Infanta, Quezon." What type of drainage could have formed the area? Type "Mount Malinao." What types of destructional drainage patterns are present?
Type "San Gabriel, Macabebe." What type ofland uses are present? Describe the pattern of land uses in the area.
Type "Buyagan Road, La Trinidad." There is a dry and rocky river in the northeast portion ofthe view. As one goes from south to north along the river and through the mountainous areas, is s/he going upstream or downstream?
Type "Tuguegarao City." Zoom in to the main built-up area. Describe the main roads. Describe the streets. To the south and southeast are plots of agricultural land. What is the difference between the plots of land here with those in Macabebe?
Type "Bocohan, Lucena City." Search for a coconut plantation. Describe and explain the geographical pattern present.
Type "Bulacan City." To the south is an agricultural area.What is its difference with those in Macabebe and Tuguegarao City? Find a dead oxbox lake somewhere. :p
Type "Saud, Pagudpud" to witness a coastal area. What is the reason behind the relative abundance of white sand in this region compared to the other coastal regions that surround it?
What are the four basic goals of image interpretation taught in class? What portion of the electromagnetic spectrum was used in making and interpreting the images? What contemporary paradigm in geography was utilized in this activity?
reference: Google Earth
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PLATE 14
PANEL
1
instructions
GEOGRAPHY
Slope Systems and Scapes I
121
PANEL 2
On panel l, differentiate a fall, topple, slump, slide, and flow from each other by drawing the five separately. On panel 2, draw and label the elements of a slope. Write which processes typify each element. A strict reminder, draw legibly. Seriously. Also, be as exhaustive as possible. Draw every relevant concept.
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PLATE 1 5
Slope Systems and Scapes II
GEOGRAPHY
121
instructions for this plate
1.
Using Google, find one aerial photograph for each of these mass movements below. Using the photographs, describe how does each look from above. creep flow slide
fall
2.
In Google trarth, type Antipolo City on the search bar. Describe catena in Antipolo. trxplain the particular slope systems, forms, and processes opearating in the region. Use meaningful and complete sentences.
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1
PLATE 16
PANEL
1
PANEL 3
instructions
GEOGRAPHY
Fluvial Systems
121
PANEL 2
PANEL 4
On panel l, draw and label the subsystems within a river system. On panel 2, an alluvial plain and its parts On panel 3, draw a line graph that depicts discharge over time in a built-up area. Draw another for a forested area. On panel 4, draw a profile of a mature river from the headwaters to the base level. A strict reminder, draw legibly. Seriously. Also, be as exhaustive as possible. Draw every relevant concept.
page
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PLATE 17
River Systems and Scapes II
GEOGRAPHY
121
1. Open Google trarth and Search for Lake Buhi.
2. Look for the large northeast river emptying into the lake 3. Orient the image to the east by sliding the N of the compass rose leftwards 4. Hold CTRL and drag the mouse to view the area in oblique 3D 5. Observe the dispersing system. Describe it in the space provided below.
6. Observe the collecting and transporting systems. Describe them in the space provided below.
7. trstimate the locaiton of the headwaters. Where are they found?
8. Locate two waterfalls upstream. Locate yazoo streams. Locate the alluvial plain. Where is it found?
9. Search for Massah in Libya. Observe the large transporting system. Discern and describe the fluvial landscape in that region.
1O. Why do the
plants in the area follow parallel curvilinear lines?
http://www.ohiodnr.com/water/gwpsurface/about
psurface maps/tabid/3620/Defanrlt.aspx
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1
PLATE 1 8
PANEL
1
PANEL 4
instructions
GEOGRAPHY
Groundwater Systems
121
PANEL 2
PANEL 3
PANEL 5
PANEL 6
On panel l, draw and label parts of a profile of an artesian basin. On panel 2, groundwater zones. On panel 3, a hilly topography with an aquifer underneath it. On panel 4, types of pore spaces. On panel 5, a groundwater pollution event. On panel 6, a saltwater encroachement event due to overpumping. A strict reminder, draw legibly. Seriously. Also, be as exhaustive as possible. Draw every relevant concept.
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PLATE 19
GEOGRAPHY
Groundwater Systems and Scapes II
Ground Water Flow Dlrectlon Arrorvs over Potentlometrk Surface Contours
121
What is the direction of groundwater flow along A-B line?
What is the profile of potentiometric surface along C-D line?
3 What
is the general relationship of streams and water table in the area?
Where do you think can springs be found?
Infer the area's topography from the map and describe on the space below.
Flgu,e2,
http://www.ohiodnr.com/water/gwpsurface/about
psurface maps/tabid/3620/Defatrlt.aspx
page I of
1
PLATE 20
PANEL
Shoreline Systems
GEOGRAPHY
121
1
PANEL 2
instructions
On panel l, draw and label three types of terrestrial coastlines and their parts. On panel 2, draw and label three types of marine coastlines and their parts. A strict reminder, draw legibly. Seriously. Also, be as exhaustive as possible. Draw every relevant concept.
page
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PLATE 2 1
GEOGRAPHY
Shoreline Systems and Scapes II
121
1. Open Google trarth and search for Saud Beach, Pagudpud.
2. Identify the bay and headlands. 3. Describe the processes in the area. Where are they happening?
4. Search for Burgos, Ilocos Norte. Make sure the the "photos" layer is turned on. Look for Kapurpurawan in the northern part of the municipality. 5. Describe the processes in he area. Where are they happening?
6. Look for the the Natunawan spit in Tabaco City. What is the direction of the longshore drift? Where is the sediment coming from?
7. Search for each of these areas and identify their particular classification as a local beach. State the necessary reasons. beach
local beach type
reasons
Saud beach
Kapurpurawan coast area
Infanta, Quezon Southwest of Dinalungan, Aurora
page 1 of
1
PLATE 22
PANEL
GEOGRAPHY
Eolian Systems
121
PANEL 2
1
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PANEL 3
instructions
On panel l, locate desert types by shading and put appropriate labels. State reasons for your answers. On panel 2, draw and label different sand dune types and state the conditions that cause each dune type. On panel 3. Draw a desert chracterized by deflation, abrasion, and sand dunes that migrate. A strict reminder, draw legibly. Seriously. Also, be as exhaustive as possible. Draw every relevant concept.
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PLATE 23
Eolian Systems and Scapes II
GEOGRAPHY
121
Open Google trarth. Search for the Gobi Desert Describe the features that are observable.
Enumerate processes that can be inferred from the photograph and give proofs of such.
The Gobi Desert is arguably the coldest desert in the world. Why is that so? Search for the Sea of Sand Desert in Libya.
6. What type of sand dunes can be discerned? 7.
What are the circles?
8.
Search for Idhan Murzuq Desert in Southwest Libya by zooming in. Observe and describe the sand dunes.
1O. What does the form of the sand mean?
11. To the northwest of the desert are gullies. What does these mean?
12. What is the world's largest desert?
page 1 of
1
PLATE 24
instructions
Glacial Systems
On panel l, draw a vertical profile of a glacier and its zones. Put appropriate labels. On panel 2, draw and label different types of movement within a glacier On panel 3. draw and label different landforms produced by glacial systems. A strict reminder, draw legibly. Seriously. Also, be as exhaustive as possible. Draw every relevant concept.
GEOGRAPHY
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PLATE 25
Glacial Systems and Scapes II
GEOGRAPHY
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1. Open Google trarth. Search for Agdleruussakasit in Greenland. 2. Search for a glacier to the northeast. 3. What type of glacier have you found? 4. Identify that glacier's snowline. 5. Discern the regions of accumulation and ablation 6. What type/s of moraines can be found? 7. What type/s of crevasses can be found? 8. What type of ablation can be found at the terminus of the glacier? 9. What are the relationships of the glacier to the mountains? 1O. Search for Colagma, China. View the area
in 3D.
11. Observe the valley glaciers. What types of land forms and sea forms to they help create? 12. Compare the north and southfacing slopes of the mountain range of which Colagma is a part. trxplain their difference.
14. Identify aretes, horns, cirques, and spurs in the area. 15. What types of slopes dominate these valley glacial environments?
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PLATE 26
Conceptual Modeling
GEOGRAPHY
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