A JOINING OF THE PEAK DISTRICT AND THE SWISS ALPS
FIELD OF VIEW
Forced perspective is a technique that employs optical illusion to make an object appear farther away, closer, larger or smaller than it actually is. It is used primarily in photography, filmmaking and architecture. It manipulates human visual perception through the use of scaled objects and the correlation between them and the vantage point of the spectator or camera.
A JOINING OF THE PEAK DISTRICT AND THE SWISS ALPS
DEPTH PERCEPTION
Initially looked at a blank grid and how the depth of a scene distorts the true geometry as seen from the eye. As the eye is pulled into the view, the eye focuses on the central point and the grid looks as if it shortens at the end which applies a level of depth to the view.
Following this observation, the challenge was how to enhance this effect of the lengthening of the enclosure through the distorted percieved depth of the viewpoint. THis was done by enhancing the percieved convergance of the grid by angling the patterned grid at the focal end of the enclosure which deepends the percieved depth.
This observation was then applied to the sides of the enclosure aswell to further maximise the focal depth of the scene through the distortion of patterned geometry of the enclosure.
Whilst doing these observations, it was also observed how the view point and percieved depth is affected by the angled walls of the enclosure, ie. is it possible to further distort the perception of depth by the angled walls of either in, and it looking more closed and out and away from the focal point to open up the view and largen the viewpoint.
Using the grid to explore how the eye is directed with regards to patterns in a plane. Ie. How to make a view widen, shorten, lengthen open and close through the angles of the enclosure and the patterning of geometry, alike with the patterns within construction to aid with the control and distortion of depth in a scene.
A JOINING OF THE PEAK DISTRICT AND THE SWISS ALPS
FORCED PERSPECTIVE
A JOINING OF THE PEAK DISTRICT AND THE SWISS ALPS
FORCED PERSPECTIVE
A JOINING OF THE PEAK DISTRICT AND THE SWISS ALPS
FORCED PERSPECTIVE
TOOLS
The following are the alpine toolkit components that help to simulate the common Alpine weather, light and ground conditions so they can be captured in a photograph.
OVERHEAD LIGHT DIFFUSION CURTAIN 1 DIRECTIONAL LIGHT OMNI DIRECTION LIGHT CLOUD PROP FIELD OF VIEW FOG VENTS SNOW BLANKET CAMERA BLACKOUT CURTAIN HELICOPTER PROP HELICOPTER PROP
REPLICATING SWISS ALPINE LIGHT
LIGHT TESTING KIT It is important to note a few variables and conditions that were present in the testing of the Forced Perspective Depth Tests. Such as the Camera and how the camera percieves a view and how it differs to the human eye and optical perception.
A JOINING OF THE PEAK DISTRICT AND THE SWISS ALPS
FORCED PERSPECTIVE TESTS
In his painting entitled Still life with a curtain, Paul Cézanne creates the illusion of depth by using brighter colors on objects closer to the viewer and dimmer colors and shading to distance the “light source” from objects that he wanted to appear farther away. His shading technique allows the audience to discern the distance between objects due to their relative distances from a stationary light source that illuminates the scene. Furthermore he uses a blue tint on objects that should be farther away and redder tint to objects in
A JOINING OF THE PEAK DISTRICT AND THE SWISS ALPS
FORCED PERSPECTIVE: COLOUR
Aim: Enhance the visual spectacle of a distant horizon, as are existing in the swiss alps on top of the mountain peaks that take up your full panoramic view, omnipresent existence and captures the essence of being above the world. (Culturally the horizon, the mountain peak, poem or extract of writing about the view from the mountains in the swiss alps. A JOINING OF THE PEAK DISTRICT AND THE SWISS ALPS
EXPANSIVE ALPINE HORIZON
Swiss Alpine Horizon ontop of Mt. Matterhorn (4301m): The horizon distance seems endless as the horizon distance is (Insert calculated distance) Their are also other factors that enhance this visual spectacle. The first is aerial perspective, fog or cloud base and atmospheric refraction.
Matlock Bath Visible Horizon at View Corridor 2 (304m): This visible horizon is the crest peak of the Shining Cliff at cromford which stands at 410m and is (Insert distance) away from the view point. This is an example of how physical geography impacts on the perception of a horizon.
Calculating Distance to Horizon using the Secant Tangent Theorem d=3.57 √3h Where d is Distance to true horizon and h is the Height of the observers viewpoint above sea level. Mt. Eiger: d=√ 3971.7(12742000+3971.7) Distance to Horizon = 224.9km
Heights of Abraham Viewpoint 2: d=√ 237.7(12742000+237.7) Distance to Horizon = 55.04km However: The surrounding physical geography of the landscape obscures the true horizon from the viewpoint, and hence results in the visible horizon being the crest ofthe Shining `Cliff hill in Cromford, which is only 8.6km away from the viewpoint. This highlights how the perception of the surrounding landscape is altered by physical geography.
Note: * These calculations are ignoring the effect of atmospheric refraction, which is studied later on.
True Horizon: The horizon (or skyline) is the apparent line that separates earth from sky, the line that divides all visible directions into two categories: those that intersect the Earth’s surface, and those that do not Visible Horizon: At many locations, the true horizon is obscured by trees, buildings, mountains, etc., and the resulting intersection of earth and sky is called the visible horizon. Such as the physical geography of a landscape, for instance in Matlock bath View Corridor 2, the visible horizon is the ridge of the Lovers Walk. The aim is to enhance the visible perception of the horizon by lengthening the horizon.
A JOINING OF THE PEAK DISTRICT AND THE SWISS ALPS
TRUE HORIZON & VISIBLE HORIZON
Calculating Angle to the Horizon using the Binomial Theorem Geometric Dip of the Horizon Here’s a diagram of the situation without atmospheric refraction. The diagram shows a vertical plane through the center of the Earth (at C) and the observer (at O). The radius of the Earth is R, and the observer’s eye is a height h above the point S on the surface. (Of course, the height of the eye, and consequently the distance to the horizon, is greatly exaggerated in this diagram.) The observer’s astronomical horizon is the dashed line through O, perpendicular to the Earth’s radius OC. Because we are temporarily assuming that there is no refraction, the observer’s apparent horizon coincides with the geometric horizon, indicated by the dashed line OG, tangent to the surface of the Earth. Geometric dip Because of the observer’s height h, the apparent horizon lies below the astronomical one by the angle dg, which is the geometric dip of the (unrefracted) horizon.
Binomial Theorem to calculate the angle to the horizon Geometrical basis for calculating the angle from an observer to the true horizon. O = Observer H = Altitude of Observer C = Center of the Earth S = Surface of the Earth G = Apparent Horizon R = Radius of the Earth* *Measurement of the Radius of the earth used in this equation is 6371000 metres Therefore:
<dg= √((2h)/R)
Mt. Eiger: Altitude of 3971.7m
Heights of Abraham Viewpoint 2: Altitude 237.7m
<dg = √(2x3971.7)/6371000 = √0.00124680583 = 0.0353101379 Radians* = 2.02 Degrees
<dg = √(2x3237.7)/6371000 = √0.00007461936 = 0.00863825034 Radians* = 0.49 Degrees
Note: * These calculations are ignoring the effect of atmospheric refraction, which is studied later on. * The radian is the standard unit of angular measure, used in many areas of mathematics. An angle’s measurement in radians is numerically equal to the length of a corresponding arc of a unit circle.
A JOINING OF THE PEAK DISTRICT AND THE SWISS ALPS
BINOMIAL THEOREM
Distance to Horizon Mt. Eiger: d=√ 3971.7(12742000+3971.7) Distance to Horizon = 224.9km
Heights of Abraham Viewpoint 2: d=√ 237.7(12742000+237.7) Distance to Horizon = 55.04km However: The surrounding physical geography of the landscape obscures the true horizon from the viewpoint, and hence results in the visible horizon being the crest ofthe Shining `Cliff hill in Cromford, which is only 8.6km away from the viewpoint. This highlights how the perception of the surrounding landscape is altered by physical geography.
Angle to Horizon Mt. Eiger: Altitude of 3971.7m
Heights of Abraham Viewpoint 2: Altitude 237.7m
<dg = √(2x3971.7)/6371000 = √0.00124680583 = 0.0353101379 Radians* = 2.02 Degrees
<dg = √(2x3237.7)/6371000 = √0.00007461936 = 0.00863825034 Radians* = 0.49 Degrees
The higher the altitude the greater the distance between the observer and the horizon which results in a greater angle of view from the observer to the horizon. The angle is relative to the maximum distance from the observers view which relies on the height of the observer. It would not be feasible to build the 3730 metre difference between the altitude of an observer at the viewing platform 2 in Abraham Heights, Matlock Bath and the Mt. Eiger in the Swiss Alps. However, one possible variable we can change is situating where the horizon is seen within the observers field of vision. It is not as simple as simply having a platform angled a 2.02 degrees and controlling the observers viewpoint, as at this altitude, this would reduce the visible horizon and would send the viewers gaze into the Shining CLiffs Hill. However, if for example we take the peak of the Shining Cliffs as the Visible Horizon point, we can then situate the view perpendicular to the from the viewing platform for the shining cliffs and by altering the anlge of the grpound, we can situate the visible horizon higher and lower in the percieved field of vision of the observer. Heightening the horizon in the field of view will result in the observer feeling closer to the horizon as it takes up more of the field of vision and the eye uses this as a scale of depth. Lowering the horizon line in the field of view will result in the observer feeling further away to the visible horizon and it takes up less of the field of vision and the scaleless sky becomes the majority of the view.
Explores the impact of the situating of the horizon line in an observers field of view of a landscpe. and the resulting perception of an environment.
A JOINING OF THE PEAK DISTRICT AND THE SWISS ALPS
HORIZON RATIO