Fashionmatters Vocabulary
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Spellcheck
Think carefullywhen to use double consonants- theCombridge Leame,r Corpusshowsexarncandidatesoften mqkg mistakes with these.
1 ClothesShowLiveis a hugefashionexhibitionthat takesplaceeveryDecemberin Birmingham.Read this extractfrom the catalogueproofs.Checkthe spellingbeforeit goesto print!Anexampleis given. Thereareten moreerrorsto correct.
Itlas impossible,tofind a oair in my size.. I'IOTlt was imposibte to find a pair in my size.
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til
iiiil'd.3'iilffi[t6"rc* 'I
EliteP mierM md,ehinq
Fora career ;nmsdelif,g: Youcouldbecome the nextsupermodel!
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2 Correctthe spellingerrorsin thesesentences written by examcandidates.
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a You can immagine how excitedI was. b There is a beautifull view from up there. c The concertwas briliant d This was only the beggining. e According to the writter, it is expensive. f They did not appologisefor this. g I hope you werent dissapointed. h Hapinessis the most important thing.
Express
Phrasal verbs
Getsome freeadvice 0nyourhairstile. Make-up demonstrations too.
3 Completethe followingsentences with phrasalverbs from the box in an appropriateform.
Cool Accessories Thebrightest andmostoutragous designer bags! Fantastic headgear too,including stylish capsandhats.
lGeminif Gemini makes beautifuljewelery fromcrystals and gemstones, including braclets, earings andpendants. Andit'slessexpensiv thanyoumight think!
$imilyleather Anexiting range ofleather clothing, fromcasual jackets tothesmartest suites. Watches, belts, bagsand sunglasses alsoavailable.
dressup get awaywith keep up with pull on put together smarten up stand out I go to at leastten big fashion showsa yeat just to .......................
the latestdesigns. ...........
foan askedme to paint the flat with her, so I an old sweatshirtand my tattiestpair of jeans. c Henry could wearingjeansin his lastjob, but now he has had to
.....himself
Nigel...............
for the
party, but when he arrived, he really .....,as everyoneelsewas wearing casualclothes.
I I LoveBomb Unisex clubwear forthereally fashion-conscius, printsthatglowinthedarkl withdiferent abstract
Alice has
.....an amazing
outfit using recycledclothing and glassbeads.
Reading 4 Lookat the photo of a pair of jeans.How old do you think they are?Read the text quicklyto find out. 'I knew this would be a treasure that for a tatty $25,000may sound excessive in the companywould want us everyone this picture in pair of ieans,but the ones so Levi'sagreedto pay one of the to have, are They Levi's. arenot an ordinarypair of everfor a pair of old jeansl sums highest pairs left. saidto be one of the two oldest a holein theleft pocketand from Apart expensive! Theyarecertainlythe most at the bottom, the jeans are edges frayed coal old in an Discoveredlast year condition for their good remarkably in initially were mine in Colorado, they ableto datethem was DowneY Ms age. again on sold sold for $10,000and then which was added patch, leather tit.it Ui paid Weisser at a higherprice.ThenSeth back pocket.A single the ;J il;, il a store of evenmore for them.Co-owner in 1902.She added was pocket second Around Comes appropriatelycalledWhat reason important most the said:'Perhaps Levi's contact Goa Around,he decidedto 'l jeans the is that these bought Lwit wtry of pictures in SanFrancisco. sentthem San 1906 in the everything lost company They the jeansand they were delighted. Francisco earthquake and the first 50 I think!' would havepaid$40,000, ofour historywasdestroyedl years LYnn Levit has its own museum and said: Downey, the comPanYhistorian,
Now readthese statementsabout the text and saywhether they aretrue or false. a There are no other jeansas old as these. b SethWeisserpaid $10,000for the jeans. c Lynn Downey is an employeeof Levi's. d The jeansare made completely of one material. e The jeans have fewer pockets than ones made after 1902. f The Levi'scompanyis more than 100yearsold' 6
formsin the text. Underlinethe four superlative
7
Findwordsin the text that meanthe sameasa-f. a too much b common c suitably d pleased e worn out f surprisingly
Grammar Comparison usinga comparativeadjectiveand Makesentences any other wordsneeded.An exampleis given. a Cotton shirts/cheap/woollenones. Cottonshirtsare cheaperthan woollenones. ones. b Flat shoes/comfortable/high-heeled c |eans/casual/trousers. d Supermodels/thin/otherpeople. e Lily Cole/young/KateMoss. f New York/big/SanFrancisco. g |ogging/dangerous/bungee-jumping. h Clubbing/tiring/studying. usingthe structure Rewritethe followingsentences notas... asand the word in bold. a Last year the prices in this shop were lower. CHEAP
'n:':i: :n:::"::l":nTlT.;;: I think this exerciseis easy. DIFFICULT .........'....I This exerciseis .................... thought. Ben won the racebut Georgecamesecond. FAST Georgewas..................
Ben. "..............
FASHION MATTERS
Thevirtualworld
Listening 1 *lillE Youwill hearfive short extractsin which people aretalkingabout computergames.Forquestionsr-5, choosefrom the list (A-H)the job of eachperson. Usethe lettersonly once.Therearethreeextraletters whichyou do not needto use. B software developer
flffiE Speaker2 Tlm,-Tl
C salesmanager
Speaker3
D psychologist
Speaker4
E graphic artist
Speaker5
A soldier
Speaker1
r]mgt T_TW I-TffiI
F sportsperson G teacher H nanny* * someonewhose job is to look after a family's children while their parents are at work
Reading 2 Skimthis text about two children,Harryand George. Do they prefercomputergamesor boardgames? 3 Scanthe text for wordsor phrasesthat meanthe sameasa-h. a company b enjoy c breakingoff ..................... d finding solutions e luck f restrict c D
h
enthusiastic
toworkhard.at andVickySabotowskitry Richard with aswellasspend.time business, tneiiOesign lovers.themselves' Asgames sons. ifreirtwovoung awayt0 makethemostof it r .ouprunavetounO 'We playing appreciate theirtimeathome. always an brieflyintenupting saidVicky, il;.; asafamily,'
M*! !-,U e-of glo':' rr.itingbuttensesam -'-t-T such -
likegames 9 really - Hany, 5,andGeorge, involve 4and6uessWho?,w.hich as Coinect - of aregames these Because . ;;td; outproblems' win- and people don'talways tntt.a, thecleverest us!' lovebeating thechildren b.utVicky gam-es' bothhavecomputer Thechildren 'We morefun' tryto games theyfindboard believes because limithowoftentheyplayonthecomputer theydtWhen if,rrr't n0socialinteraction' !9y a gameof butif wesuggest in.}lg.t boredeasily, keen' theyarealways .otntiningli(eConnect4 cop-out games area bitofa Tome,computer yourchildinfrontofwhileyou ,otrif,ingio plont< else'' goanddosomething 'With games'ou O'uYnu.n agreed. computer George Ir boring' get really they in* oniort o*n and games" board prefer Playing
Grammar Reviewof presenttenses 4 Matchthe sentencehalvesa-e and r-5' Thenfill each gap with a suitableverb in the presentsimpleor presentcontinuous. a A report published this week .....that manY b Parents board games c According to a lot of parents,children .....too much time in front of the TV d More and more Parents their children from going outside to PlaY .'...to be e Board games particularly attractive, educationaland social ........... I ....................... benefits to their children' ....'the whole 2 as they family in an enjoyableindoor activity' 3 instead of playing outdoors, which that they are lessfit nowadays. it is 4 becausethey ..................... dangerous. 5 that salesof board games at present.
Vocabulary 6 Completethis puzzleof wordsto do with games usingthe cluesbelow.Thecorrectnumberof letters is givento helpyou.Whatword appearsvertically? 1 Computer gameslook great now becausethey than five have much better yearsago. J, An exact coPYof something. is when you do 3 An.................... something exciting. 4 Who you plaY against. t Companiesoften bring out a newer of the samegame. 6 You use thesewhen you are fighting' 7 To work otttaPtzzle or Problem. 8 Gamesusually havevery good soirnd I ) 3 4 J
6 7
Completethe emailwith verbsfrom the box in an appropriateform.Sometimesa verb canbe usedmorethan once.Thereis an exampleat the beginning(0).
Choosethe right adjectiveto describethe peoplein a-e. Thereis one extra adjectivethat you do not need to use.
forget hate keeP know like realise sound supPose understand wish
aggressive anti-social demanding messy mindless soPhisticated
:.:., :S-:Sti;o.',,,.,+;*'0,,:*i,,,*'J;*'i;;t:.,,,,:*rr;::.,:'i'tu:i;:,':,:"u:l',ittt:':ti";il:1"-'':tot;tl"::tt
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: Dear Maya How areyou?I (0) ...fl4ffiAe... you'reworking hard for your ...I aml Although examsat the moment' t (1) ...to do nothing in the evenings' I normaily (2) this week the books are out every nightl lt's not easyto study' though.My little brother|ames(3) ...'.'.'.............. I haveto studybut he annoyingme.ffe (4) ...........................'.... to be quiet.I (6) '.....'.......... (5) ................................ it most when he playswith his computergames' to turn up the volumeand it fre (7) ................................ (8) ................................ appallinglWhen I askhim to turn it down I why.Honestly'sometimes he never(9) ................................ brother! mY he wasnt ( l0) ... ahost
Brian turns up the volume on his sound system at2 amand refusesto turn it down when the neighbours comPlain. Kenny has piles of papers on the floor and leaves old coffeecups and chocolatewrappers on his desk for days. Victoria is four yearsold and keepsasking her parentsto play with her, even when they are trying to work. d Judy often gets angry and her boyfriend saysshe can be violent. e Claude wears Armani suits and goesto the best nightclubs in town.
inYI 4el$.t$4t?' ITqf n}lgf iCt"ilst!13i'11lq'-515{:ry'p:i;{i?r{r'ir'
T H E V I R T U A LW O R L D
Goingplaces Vocabulary Travelquiz with 1 Completethe followingsentences a suitableword.Thecorrectnumberof lettersis givento helpyou. a I'd really like to go on a round the Greek islands. b The historic town centre was full of - - carrying guidebooksand cameras. from Dover to Calais
We took the - -
instead of the train through the tunnel. The -
- we borrowed on holiday had
red sails and enough spacefor two people. e I think
are more comfortable than campsites.
f There were quite a fewboats shelteringin the
making I dont always.....:.........................
g On a ship, you sleepin a - h The
dinner in the evening so I often get - - made all the arrangements
for our holiday. i Tomastook the early -
are 3 Decidewhetherthe3esentdnces formalor informal.lf they are informal, completethem with a phrasalverb from z.lf they areformal,complete them with an ordinaryverb or expressionfrom z. Makeany other changesneeded.
a takeaway. Coaches
- - and landed in Paris
...Manchester
every hour, on a daily basis. I dont know why you................................ your boyfriend - he behaveslike an
around 10.00am.
verbs Phrasal
idiot.
2 lnformalphrasalverbsoften havea moreformalequivalent.Match phrasalverbsin r-8 with the moreformalalternativeverbsa-h.
Steve Dorlt forget to................................ to remind him to bring some
1 to come across a person
a to be in the mood for
glassesto the party.
2 to get over an illness
b to tolerate
We were informed that the company
3 to put up with a situation
c to manageto see(a person or a place but not clearly)
chairmanwas................................ influenza,and was thereforeunable
4 to ring up a person
d to leave/departfor
to attendthe meeting.
5 to keep on doing something
e to telephone
6 to feel like doing something
f to recover from
7 to make out a person/thing
g to meet accidentally
8 to set offfor a place
h to continue
...to park your car outside my house,I'll have to
If you
consider taking legal action.
Decidewhich of the followingarewritten and which arespokenformsof English,and whether they areformalor informal.
of location Prepositions 6 Completethe blog with suitableprepositions.
Lookat this examplefrom the Student'sBook: Youdon't have to socialiseif you don't want to' ANswER:Informal, sPokenEnglish. a This compartment is reservedfor non-smokers......................... b |ohn rang. Pleasering him back sometime tonight. Steve............-. c We would be delighted if You could attend our son'swedding on 16th June. I wonder if you'd mind verY much if I openedthe window?.......................... e You must be joking! t Can I help you, sir? g Out of order......................... h Pleasegive my love to your family. Best wishes,Liz .................... Can you give me a hand with mY things?
i OK,I'll be with you in a second.
My favourite Place a coralisland Thishasgot to be Sipadan, (1) ........................................ the eastcoastof Borneo.I stayed a little roomwith just a bed and a (2) ........................................ (3) nothing ..................... the wallsor wardrobe, floors.lt wasverysimple- everyoneatetogether (/t\ the terraceat the front ofthe the roadfromthe hotel (5) . .................... Just ................. building. isthe beach,whichis beautiful.Youcanwalk (6) the islandin abouthalfan hour .....,......................... althoughthereareverystrictrulesaboutwalkingj' certainpartsof the beachat 0) . .....,................. the turtleslaytheire99sin the sand. nightbecause hassomeof the mostamazingdiving Sipadan (R) the world.Youcanwalkout to sea you come(9) ..................... metres andafter200 a coralwallwhichdropsa kilometrestraightdown oceanfloor, (10)........................................the
Grammar and permission necessity Obligation, with verbs 5 Completethe followingsentences form. suitable in a box from the haveto
let
must
need Permit
drive on the left' n In Britain you................................ 21 in b In somecountriesyou................................be order to drink in a bar. Im going to stay in bed tomorrow morning go to work. as I ................................ 'I you ...to get Your think really hair cut,' said Elizabeth'smother. me borrow her My sisterdidnt............ teenagers. were clotheswhen we ...get the bus home last f Peter night as the trains were on strike. g You ...have bought me a new watch for my birthday. My old one works perfectly well. ...in government offices h Smoking any more.
GOINGPTACES
Endangered Reading 1 Youaregoing to readan article about a zoo in the UnitedStates. Readthe articlequicklyto get an ideaof what it is about and then answerthesequestions.Don't worry too muchabout any words that you don't know. a Where do northern white rhinos normally live? b Where is the ScrippsResearch Institute? c Which animal has the researchteam had a success with? d How many deep-freezetanks are at the FrozenZoo? e How many northern white rhinos are still living?
Guessing unknownwords 2 In linesr4-r7 of the articleit says: They would be living specimens of one of the most endangered specieson Earth, who after a few months would be trotting into wildlifeparks ... Youmight neverhaveseen trotting before,but you can probablymakea guessasto its meaningif you think aboutwhat otherwordsmight alsofit there - for example,walking,moving, going, running, etc,
U N I T4
The inside of a metal box fllled vrnthIiqrud Scrippsteam of which Ben-Nunis a part. rutrogenand frozento -173'c (-280"F)is 'This is the tust time that therehas been hardly the ideal habitat for a largeAfrican something that we can do. If we could mammal.But,as a testtu^beis takenout of use animalsthat were"aheadydead to the containeramida cloudof white gas,a generatespermandeggs,thenwe canuse notewntten on its sidecan be seen.'This thoseindividualsto ffeate greatergenettc is a northemwhite rhino,' saysresearch diversity,'l,oringsays. scientistInbar Ben-Nunas she readsout Loring'slab at Scnppsholdssamplesfiom ss the ]abe]. the northem white rhino and the drill Ben-Nunis holdingno ordinaryscientific monkey,but the realFrozenZoo,headedby sample.Forthefrozencellsin that testtube Dr OliverRyder,just a few milesaway,is on couid one day give rise to baby northem a much largerscale.Housedin a building white rhinos and help save the species. insideSanDiegfoZoo,its freezerscontain They would be livtng specimensof one samplesfrom 8,400animals,representing 75 of the most endangered specieson Earth, morethan 800species.TheyincludeGobi who after a few monthswould be fiotting bears,endangeredcattle breedssuch as into wildlife parks,and maybe,just maybe, gaurs and bantengs, mountain gorillas, helpingrepopulatetheir kind on theAfrican pandas, a Califomia Wey whale and os grasslands.No wonder that the place condors. Theentiregiganticcollectionis in where the samplecameftom is ca_lIed the fow deep-freeze tanks. FrozenZoo. I/y'henit comesto speciesstill on the brink, The FrozenZoo was foundedn 1972at Ryderis insistentthat we havea duty to SanDego Zoo'sInstitutefor Conservation save them and that the Frozen Zoo can Researchas a place to keen samolesof play al important role Especially close zr skin from rare and endanglredspecies. to Ryder'sheartis one of the speciesthat At the time tlat the fust sampleswere Loring u working on: the northem white collectedand put into deepfreezeit was rhino. There are just eight of the animals not reallylcror.mhow they would be used left a-liveon Earth. To put it bluntly: the z5 and genetlctechnologywas in its nfancy. norlhemwhite rhino'sgenepool is more But therewas a sensethat one day some acflrratelya rapidlydryrng-upgenepuddle. unlinorarnscientific advancemight male But, i{ Loring'swork succeedsin creating use of them.Now thanksto a team at the northem white rhino stem cells and then nearbyScnppsResearch hstitute,that day tumlng them into sperm and eggs,that genepoolcanbe deepened has comea lot closer. agaln. gs Geneticscientistsat Scripps,working fiom Rydermakesno seffet of how emotionally a businesspark in San Diego'snorthem attachedhe is to savingthe northemwhite subwbs,havesucceeded in takrrgsamples rhino while there are still iiving animals, of sklncellsfromthe FrozenZooandturning ratherthan just revivingsomelaterentirely as theminto a cultureof specialcellsknownas froma test tu-beHe recallswrbressingthe stemcellsandthesecouldbe usedto bring birth of a femalenorthemwhite rhino more to lifelong-deadanimalswhosespeciesare than 20 years ago and watching it being almost extinct. The breakttrough, so far, inuoducedto its herd.'l saw her meetthe has comewlth qeating stem cellsfor the rest of the rhino herd. There was a clear silver-maneddnll monkey,AJrica's most senseof how to meet the babv If we walt as endangeredmonkey. until thereareno white rhinosandthen one 'The ftozen Zoo was a wonderfirlidea,' is createdftom a test tube,to whom arewe saysDr JeanneLoring who is leadrngthe goingto infioduceit?' he says.
need Decidewhat thesewordsfrom the articlemean'Youdon't aresome to know exactly- just get an ideaof the meaning'There cluesin bracketsto helPYou. a to repopulate(what is population?)(line 18) """"""" ""' b infancy (what is an infant?) (line 29) c extinct (line 42) d breakthrough (think of the word as break and through) (line 42) e to generate(line 52) .........-.-........ f housed(fromhouse) (line 59) .................. g tanks (what do you put il a petrol tank?) (line 67) (linti eg) h brink (what is thebrink of destruction?) i puddle (the word it is comparedwith is pool
- what is a
Listening talking 4 Sifu Vo, will heara zoo keepercalledHelenaTomkins, with sentences about her work. Forquestionsr-ro, completethe a word or short Phrase. Working in a zoo Helena was alwayskeen on looking at (1) """""""'
(2) .................... """""""""'at
Helena doesnt enjoy working in the (4) """" """"" Helena'sjob in the morning is to preparethe ......'........'..............""'
for the animals'
In summer, Helena gives (6) twice a week Helena once had her (7) '
to the visitors bitten bY an
animal.
lecturer. g I enjoygoingcamPingwhenit's in fulY' warm,
a dutYb crossc longd absente handf firstg secondh selfi right-
catering free handed minded distance made hand class eYed
7 Whichof the comPoundadjectives abovecollocatewith the following a
..'......'...............-..."'
Helena sometimesfinds that some (9) who visit the zoo can be quite annoying' Helena is hoping to visit (10) .........."""" near future.
you' d i cameto schoolthe samewaYtodaY .I did lastweek.
nouns?
Helena saysthat keepersneed to catry a (R\ with them at work' \v,
walking. c Your sister looks
6 Matchthe adjectivesin the first column with thosein the secondcolumn'
The subjectHelena studied at university was
\v,
5 Decidewhether to useos or like in the followingsentences. a He cant ride a horse well I can. holidays activity prefers b Susanna sailing or
Compoundadjectives
when shewas Young.
/5)
as and like
a He dressedup ......................................... the for policeman PartY. Sheused to work at the universitY a zoology
pool?)(line77) (line 86) j witnessing(whatis a witness?')
Helena currently looks after the (3) her zoo.
Grammar
' in the
leather bag journey car
b c Person d bottle of e a/an ............................. perfume ticket ................... f alan holidaY g alan
ENDANGERED
Mixedemotions Dew Sv, tU
and" I,taok an Ocenn C*uwe VtoUdaar^lth gou ta,:L montlt; :e whLchw*s (f) ........ ..... . I arn thetelore wri/iing " Lo ask lor (2) .. ....
Vocabulary 1 Completethe letter of complaintwith wordsfrom the box.Therearethree extra words you do not need to use. compensation conditions delighted disaster dreadful earlier impossible meant next opposite refund spend stiff surprised thought worse worried unhelpful
FvstL4, the lood. was (3) ............... . tn +^r*, rn1 h. a"U a{k-r we s?h cft. We beilave thb wo,s W :e Y bectttse ol the break{asL she haA, ea-l*x on board. (4) .. ............ wlaL daU. He* heaJle*'t goL (5) -.*..;,: dw4g the t:r4 buhthi ;h,rp'e dac-Lol uw (6) ..'...........'. I was qui}i'','|' ,""',.,,,,: ,,:,1,' \r (7) ............ and. thLs ruixv)" the vtl for me. Seronil4, our cnbtn was tn an ex*emel4 noLsgpart ol lhe shh, *s lL was (8) ......... ... the dLsa. As ng wt(e lay sirk rx bed,, she was (9) ... ..... more lhan onc*, by dxunken d.anccrs nrho (10)
our cabol was lhe nearesb Lod*),. ln Urle exd,, mU wrfe Loc*d"'the daor. .fhb (11) .... ..... . .. th6L I auti. no| ge*,rnto mg oNyr cAbtxt l.^*e one evexing 6r'd. h6-d"to (12) the niAhLtx *te bat.
Grammar Reviewof pasttenses 2 Completethis table of pasttenseforms. It includesboth regularand irregularverbs.
blow find grab hold keep realise shake
sink try WAVC
U N I T5
bLeh)
blpwn
3 Fillthe gapsusingthe verbsin bracketsin the correcttense. (SgeJthe ciiff:at]dado!: . ,1, , ,,IJ1;tig11,1Eafry,,(,1),,t;";;,'.................,.,.,..,,,., him,he(2)..................-, (know)thathe (3) .... .....(take)the wrongroad.He (4) .. . .-.... (try)to stopthe car but nothing (5).'.'...:.'..'.'.'.....':':-.....'.....'(happen).He(6) rigid with fear as he (7) ............. (interfere)withtftabiqkls ,,, ',, S ne,(S),,-,;,11..,;.."................... Now chooseone of thesethreeendingsto completethe story.Lookup any wordsyou don't understandin your in full, adding dictionary.Writeout the final sentences suitablewordsof your own. a cliff was getting nearer and nearer/threw himself out of window/car went over cliff b swervedinto field on left/noticed largestpile of hay ever/droveinto haystack/survived c went to pieces/screamingand shouting/carwent over cliffllanded 200 metresbelow/burst into flames/Harry?
Reading 4 Lookat questionsr-ro. Thenreadthe sixshorttexts (A-F) and answerthe questions.Thepeoplemay be chosenmore than once. Which person
spent a night worrying about a relative?
f:1;.t-_l t"rI_-l t.$]--l
believesthey are lucky to be alive?
m-_l
witnessedthe theft of something valuable?
[EI__l
forgot to follow a safetymeasure? describesa misunderstanding?
looked after someonewho was injured?
m--l m-l
found employtnentduring their trip?
IiF:T-l
describestheir lack offear?
m__1
wanted to take up something new?
NFJ--I
describesan incident underground?
W
been hod we. oftsnoon' ogo'One twoyeors io.Germony ofuswent Agroup throuql tent to,the bock strolling wewere ond tt lgn:t' toofo[,toswim oflight ftosh 0 w's Suddenlythere roining. ilutitwosn't ilffiil;l;tk violenrly,ond ofusshook nffiirrtJorh;;gil infront uno,*o$ ondihi, ponic' Itwos obsolute in fled ond ruined We rtortrliotoiilnourdireclion. find to bock went we When bog' her dropped hod Jenny escope. onouo*
hove soeosilv could Ihot iunk' tt''tree fl;i-dt'nuoth
Irlrl,l;;ilil
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wov '**al''i'p*i #i;;il; illllf,il| T'#il h';,t#-1tr;,1onother
-
when fiomonywhere' miles rood' * tbtt thismountoin
tf litt,ift;l ;;l therood' 0troil 0cr0$ !lT-['1^T]t'.]' wec0me t'n t1; below metres
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*onwoiclimbing the,*' n We$opped rood. h hospitol' totutehim ttrered bl;il,';;;; it coirered llewos therood. obout osking hestorted 0ff,wifihimlv'd;i;;;tk seot' k wedrove
':" ;i:[:1Hlrff fi#l}i';#,ls'ffiH'ffi - olthou$ hewos - eventuollv rit *ot 'o il:l'Iffi;;;;k i;,inl tolndio' overlond *otrt*rring ffiil#il;viirtri, -'a'irttv Myfiiend Louren ond Iwere trovelling inAustrolio. We'd both finished school thotsummer ond were hoving oyeor offbefore univenity. Wewere oble tofindcozuolwork oswemoved oround thecountry, doing woitresing moinly. Weended upinthisfiny resori onfieWe$ wtrere coost, they hod odiving school. lhotwos mychoke becouse l'dolwoys wonted toleorn. Anywoy, there we were, miles from onywhere, ond working inthediving school office primory wos mybe$friend from schooll lo$touch when Wehod rrrle were eight osthey hod moved 0w0y, toAustrolio ositfurned out.ltwmobsolutely fontostic cotching upwithher.
ono Sweden wosin she when romymother ^ffiffi; 'h':li1g^]11.:i otoY1d' *o'ttou'fiing She forwork. tour lectute ::y,, on'ii1 morning' euch her *"t i'*' i' ' li,il''l'*'s,iii'lii ffi:i:J:il ollobit ltwos up' turned thet, ffil#iffi;r"iutt,rt"rting;uiwhen il wos p]'t'Aupoititftott'thinking rftitp*ootn opporently. oforush the thelectue' person ofter loter' much 'coune went' ;;;;;;, ,jilil ;;dt{f'thev l 'ln mvmum's wosn't
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mix*rp the exploined t'i*ond t'il'i'iiiitv,JrrtJ iJilrJ,i
When hotel' inoluxury $oying tripinobigcityond onobusines t wos my, to.lock me worned had onreceplion in,thepeople l'dchecked mv slipped completelv it.hod night ;;r;;;;,di;t tf,i;;; fonicutor inblock thisfigure seeing ond upinbed woking ,i*rmber *irO.i iri"n thing $ronge itre honds' his in r*riitg;tti-;, -itnU mylewellery I wos notia didn't he Thonkfully, otthetime' irlt'oti*o*'t ttightened woiling sfilfcolmlv lo'lobsolutelv ond ;trt ogoin *;k;;;i;;il;y number hotel emergency phoned the I frti'-j* ftttt. V{d dedid, onyone' cought never butthey immediotely, E M O T I ON 5
What if? oo
Listening t
*ISEEYouwill hearpeopletalking in sixdifferent situations.Forquestionsr-6, choosethe bestanswer (A,B or C). I You hear a man telling a woman about a new musical. What impressedhim most? A the main performers B the storyline C the music You hear a woman talking about a hotel. What disappointedher about it? A the prices that are chargedthere B the reality that only celebritiesstay there C the fact that something was not genuine there You hear a girl and a boy talking about being famous.What doesthe girl think would be difficult? A having too much money B being followed everywhere C treating friends differently You hear an interview about swimwear.Where is the interview taking place? A in a clothes shop B at an exhibition C on a beach You hear a woman talking on the phone. What sort ofperson is she? A unhappy B impractical C disloyal 6 You overheara man calling a hotel. He wants to A alter a room reservation. B cancela booking for dinner. C enquire about a specialoffer.
Grammar with if andunless Conditionals with 2 Completethe followingconditiorialsentences the correctform ofthe verb in brackets. ..(buy) a lottery ticket that morning, his life wouldnt have changed. If he.................
(claim) the
Unlesssomeone
prizeby 11 pm, the money will be put into the good causesfund. Would you talk to the pressif they (offer) you f 10,000? (phone), say I'll be
If anyone back at ten thirty. Would you mind if we just (grab) a sandwich for lunch? Ifyou
(be) so hard on het
she wouldn't have burst into tears like that.
g I'd suggestmeeting up with Danny tonight if he (be) so unreliable. h I wouldnt be surprisedif we (end up) in a ditch, the way you're driving!
put theseadverbsof frequencyin the correctplacein eachsentence. a Lottery winners find it difficult to sleepafter they have heard the news. (usuallY) b I have time to read long novels thesedays' (rarely) c Peopleare telling me to stoPworking so hard' (always) d Before the storm, I worried about those trees near the house' (never) (often) e Now if it's windy,I'm worried that they'll fall on us' f What's happenedto |ohn? He'shere by this time' (normally) completethe secondsentenceso that it hasa similarmeaningto the first sentence,usingthe word given.Do not changethe word given.Youmust usebetweentwo and five words,includingthe word given. I Unlessyou leavenow, you ll miss the train' IF You ll miss the train
""' now'
If I'd known about the music competition, I'd have requestedan audition. IMPOSSIBLE .....anaudition, as I didnt know It was about the music comPetition. Give me your address,as I might visit Barcelona' CASE visit Barcelona. I always watch the late-night news on TV. the late-night news on TV Georgedidn't get much sleeplast night as usual' HARDLY ""' as usual' Last night, George Her parentswere travelling in the desert so they couldnl follow the news. KEEP Her parentswere travelling in the desert so they werent the news.
The teensuperstarstill seemsthrilled with her celebritystatus. ENJOY 1o............""""" """"""a still seems Theteensuperstar celebrity. of global because wildlife abovethe Arctic circle is endangered warming. IN WildlifeabovetheArctic Circleis.'.""""""""""' globalwarming.
Vocabulary 5 Lookat thesesetsof words.Which is the odd one out and whY?SaYwhat part of speecheachset is. a celebritY fame talent star b give win gain receive c shock misunderstanding delight Panic d anxious tense irritated nervous e deal with look after work out keeP awaY f generally rarelY usuallY normallv
Writing 6 Thewords in thesesentencesare jumbled.Putthem in the correct orderand add Punctuation. Sometimesthereis morethan one correctanswer. , theatre I go often there isnt to town one my dont the verY in because b use I phone could Your Please c lovely dressbought her a silk yesterdayblue I d be keen never to Alan on swimming used e members few were a of students quite the audience f I eat Italian in would New York food I when lived g quietly watched Pulled theY down old cinema as crowd the the h askedmoney him the if man he give him somecould i does not also bananasAlison only like she keen aPPleson is j been horrified life never I so mY in have
"""""to
WHAT IF?
Life'stoo short Reading 1 Youaregoing to reada newspaperarticleabout a manwho went diving in an ice-covered lake. Sixsentenceshavebeenremovedfrom the article. Choosefrom the sentences A-G the one whichfits eachgap (r-6).Thereis one extrasentencewhichyou do not needto use.
IceDivin Nicholas Roe has a go at ice diving in the French Pyrenees. Right up to the moment when I plunge through the ice into the freezing waters of a mountain lake high in the French Pyreneesmy day has been quite normal. I enjoyed breakfast at my hotel in the little ski resort of Saint-Lary. Then came a fine walk in the snow. What exactlymade me book an ice-dive? Driving to nearby Piau-Engalyalong winding roads,I strugglefor an answe! climbing eventuallyonto a snowmobile for the final five-minutebounce acrossthe ski slopes to the meeting place. f{*J----l Except for my guide, Nicolas Chapelle,who asksme if I really want to do this. Against my better judgement, I say,oYes'. I pick up a big iron bar and help him make a hole in the ice. I=T---] Deep in my stomach a bitter cotd e*pands?1G sfiht oi that irowing two-merre hole. Chapelle asks me to take off all my clotheg except for my underwear, and put on a big rubber suit. I feel a bit concerned.In theory anyonecan do this - divers,nondivers,evennon-swimmers.Yet standingby that ice hole, it seemssuddenlylesseasy. I squeezeinto the rubber gear like meat into a thickskinned sausage,then put on the air tank, glancing over at ski runs full of bright figures rushing past. It's minus five out here, the water only sevendegreesmore.
A The lake surface slowly breaks up into chunks big enough to fill a world-beating cold drink, the rim of black water growing with each smash.
B I find myself now sitting on the ice,staring in disbelief at my flippered feet hanging in the lake water.
c This turns out to be my own breath collecting in mobile puddles,trapped, as I am trapped.
D I pause occasionally on the way to watch the skiers go past the lake.
Oh heavens.trffi;J----l Chapelle says: 'Relax, but stay strong. You'll be fine.' Yes,but .. . oh, he's gone in. Masked up and ready, his goggled-eyedface looking out abovethe lake surface,he signalsme to folto*. lffif__-l Water cold enough to kill if not for my suit. And it feels ... ah, this curious sensation.I am not cold, not warm. I hover in the water,staring at the blue sunlight shining through the ice.lighting up the water. Above me. the unbelievableroof of ite, marked now with a strange black fluid. Fffiil-_--l But I feel free; amazed,too. I am contained by water, coveredby thick ice in a clear spacewith fish swimming - I see them, they re right here - while in the distance a mountain stream runs into the farthest end of the lake. I feel as if I'm in space;as if I'm swimming in a huge building. Chapellewon'tlet goof myairtank. [ffi*J---lHowever, it leavesme with a senseof annoyancebecauseI want to twist and turn andenjoythis strangeenvironment.Perhaps it's aswell, then,that he steersmegentlyhere,whereI follow the fish for minutes; and herg where I stare back up at our escapehole and wonderat the bluenessof the world. Now we are heading back towards the light, breaking the surfacewheresomeonepulls me out. I am standing on ice, staring back into the water,barely able to believe that this is whereI havebeen.And I can think about this for years.Which is, I now realise,why I came.
E There I find a fenced lake, a metal hut and nothing e1se.
F This is irritating but possibly safer. G I'm afraid of looking afraid, so I plunge head-first, almost bashing Chapellein the face,and together we sink, the water taking us down, down.
Grammar
Writing
t andinfinitives Gerunds
4
Readthis report and add the necessarypunctuation. full stops (.), You will need to put in CAPITALLETTERS, commas (,)and apostrophes(').You must also decide
arecorrect.lf not, 2 Decideif the followingsentences changes. makethe necessary
how many paragraphsand headingsare needed.
a |enny suggestedto go to the party in a taxi.
report on the regional collegefootball competition held on 3rd may venue thrs year the competition was held at highworth college this was an excellent choice of venue as there are six football pitches available all in excellent condition the competition all the teams in . the competition were very experienced and played to a good level this provided excellent entertainment for the spectatorsthe matches got offto a slow start mainly becauseof the 6ad weather it rained heavily throughout the morning but this cleared up after lunch then there were a few incidents where the referees decision was questioned but generally the matches were all played in a positive way with good team spirit the result the two finalists were ih"db,tty *uttot college and fulbrook high the final score was 2-0 to chedbury and it was a sood win for them their striktr was particularly impressiue and could perhaps even be considered foia professionalclub if he wanted to take that route all In ill" ut verv eood daYssport
b I look forward to hear from you in the near future. c I dont mind to do it. d I'm interestedlearn Spanish. e My brother wants to go to lapan. f I'll help you with your homework when I finish to write my letter. g I am usedto do the washing-up. h Let me make the tea. i The children were made to get out of bed. j I'm going to town for buy a new jumper. k I object to pay to park my car. I I cant afford to lending you any more money. m My sister'stoo small to be a police officer.
Vocabulary 3 Completethe followingsentencesby choosingthe correctword. a I dont think my team will ever win / beot the - they are completely nationalchampionships useless. b The score at the end of the first half of the football match was 3- zero I nil. c Somefootballplayersthink the refereeI umpireis an idiot. d The basketballteam hasiust had a new pitchlcourt built. e I got my father a new set of golf clubsI rockets for his birthday. f Most professionaltennis playersgive/ toke up the sport when they reachtheir mid-thirties. g The FormulaI driver completed30 IengthsI lopsof the track before he had to retire with enginetrouble.
thisemailfromKim,an English5 Youhavereceived speakingfriend,who is comingto studyat your college. .
i
.
C
+
I start studyingat your collegenext term. Could you give me any adviceabout the sportsfacilities,both at the collegeand in the town? I'm really interestedin swimming and I'd like to do a team sport aswell. Is there anythingelseabout sport at the collegeI shouldknow? Thanks, Kim
Write your email in 140-190 words in an appropriate style. Things to think about o Do you need any specialvocabulary? o Which facilities are you going to talk about - in generaland in particular? o What team sportsareyou going to mention? o What are the instructors like? o An1'thing extra you should add? o Rememberto punctuateyour email!
LIFE'S
Listening t
-q|9UYouwill hearfive short extractsin which people aretalkingabout the job they wantedto do when they wereyoung.Forquestionsr-5, choosefrom the list (A-H)what eachspeakersays.Usethe lettersonly once.Therearethreeextraletterswhichyou do not needto use. A chef
Speaker 1
l---Tm
Adverb*adjective collocations
B teacher
Speaker 2
[-m
C singer
Speaker 3
[--TmH
3 In the Readingtext on page54 of the Studentt Book the writer describesher houseasa'perfectlyhideous pink colourlWhichof the adverbsin A collocatewith
D detective
Speaker 4
llm
E zoo keeper
Speaker s
|-lm
F novelist
in B? theadjectives A highly deeply
G astronaut
B
H psychologist
praised amusing
disappointed serious
reasonable
Completethe followingsentences usingthe correct collocationfrom above.
Vocabulary Verbcollocations 2 Completethe followingsentences with the correct form ofthe verbsfrom the box.Someverbscanbe usedmorethan once. break do
happy ashamed
perfectly
have keep spend taste
.....when he |ohn was failed to win the motorbike race. Somepeople find his jokes Unfortunately I dont. Although my hotel was rather
My new car....................
25 km to the
expensive,I decided that the prices were
litre. a bit funny -
This cheese when did you buy it?
.....,consideringthe excellentserviceI received. I found it hard to believe,but my sisterwas
Peoplealwaysseemto
when she told me she
a fortune when they go on holiday.
was going to join the navy.
I .......................... loadsof campingholidays
His latest play has been
when I was young.
by the critics.
I usedto enjoy....-..
time at my ...........
local zoo. His speechwas so boring it was all I could do to awake.
promise.
U N I T8
his ...................
of my behaviour
last night and am writing to you to apologise. I dont know why the baby started crying - he seemed
My father said he would lend me his car at the weekend,but he
I am................
him to bed.
when I put .....
Definitions 4 Matchthesewordsfrom the Readingtext in the Studentt Bookwith the definitionsbelow. broom
critical
decent feast hideous landmark
sensible
A largeamount of deliciousfood. ............... b Something that tells you where you are. c Used to describecomments which are negative d Good, worthy. e Usedto describesomeonewho showsgood judgement. t Used to describesomeoneor something which is very ugly. Somethingyou useto cleanwith. ............... t
g D
Grammar usedfo and would 5 Readthroughthe followingarticleand decidewhich of the followingwould be suitableusedto,wouldor the pastsimple.Thereis sometimesmorethan one possibility.
New research shows that the introductionof laboursavinggadgetshas meantthat men and womentake a thindless exercisetodaythan they (1) [doJa genenation (2) ago. Scientists ................. ..[find]that pnactically everysphere of life has been influenced by the developmentof labour-savingdevices which haveied to us puttingon weight.They (3)...................... [discover]thatusinga cordlessphoneat home cut down walkingin the home by ten milesa year.Other companative indicators(4)...................... [includeJthe amount of energyused in makinga bed with a duvetand one with blanketsand sheets. A housewifein the 195Os (s) [spend]abouttwo hoursa weekand
(6)...................... {useJup 3OOcaloriesmore than a persondoes nowadays. ErnestShaw,69, (7)...................... [confirm] how hard it (s) ................. ^.[be]to run a 'Thejobs (9) home in rhe 195Os, ...................... ftakeJmuch more effott. The neanestshops (10)................... [beJa quantenof a mile away and my wife (rl) ................... [walk] bags. with heavy down laden and back, there fbel no suoermankets. I here (12) You(r3) [visitJthegreengrocen scientists - ' _ - the - - butcher'.'The the dairv , and (14)................... [estimateJthata shopperin the 195Os would havespent aboutten hounsand 2,3OO caloriesa weekwalkingfrom shop to shop.
GROWING
Thehardsell Reading 1 Readthe articlebelow,ignoringthe missing How is the food industryfailingshoppers? sentences.
t1
1\....
What do they really mear.? ood manufacturersand retailershave been letting shoppersdown. This is the view of the CWS*,whose report looks at the languageof
hides the fact that it contains 10% fal, which is above 'free from recommendedlevels.Phrasessuch as preservatives'make a virtue out of a normal attribute
food packaging.
of tooa.
According to the report, shoppersbelieve food labels becausethey think there are strict regulations in place. So the food industry can get away with all f t]--l Iil, or..rn'tlttg strategiesto make products look bigger
Labelshave a wide variety of text sizeson them' You sometimesneeda magnif-vingglassto read the small
and sound betterthan they are.
print.lll-l I
Another deliberatetype of misinformationlies in the image.Many pictureson packetsusesmall platesto make the product look biqser.l-5T---l
The report has identified the different ways in which Descriptionson shoooersare misled. ftT---l i*-.*rate in an attemPt to pu.t ugir',gur" ro-"tiili oversell the product. One example given in the report is 'haddock fillets', used for a product that the phrase is in fact cut from big blocksof fish ratherthan
llowever, misleading messageson packaging could soon be a thing of the past. The CWS recently produced a code**which, if used,would end the current The minister for inaccuraciesand half tt"tt'tt. I OT--l very serious receive consumer affairs saysthe code'will
individual filtets.
consideration'.
'traditional','wholesome' Ig { lTheseinclude 'pr.""ri"",'. The claim that a brand is '90"hfat-free' "t
* Co-operativeWholesaleSocietY ** a setof rules
A-G the one whichfits eachgap (t-6). Choosefrom the sentences Thereis one extrasentencewhichyou do not needto use.
A Meaninglessadjectivesare often used to give a
D By contrast, the hard sell information emphasis.
positivemessage. It has called on the government to support it, as a way of improving food standards.
c This verdict has not pleasedthe food industry.
is given
E The rules are, in reality, very weak at present. F Photographs are sometimes retouched to achieve the same effect.
G The most coilunon of these is poor labelling.
A-G. Findthesewordsin the gappedarticleand sentences b three phrasal verbs a four nouns to do with law
; i
Grammar anddeduction Speculation 4 Completethe following sentenceswith must,might or could(both are possible),con'tor couldn't(both are sometimespossible). a This PossiblYbe the new Coca-Cola advert, though why on earth are they using polar bears? The ad for the Pentiumchip ............... be the best of the year.The way they manage to make a comPuter chip appearinteresting is inspired! Here'san ad that showsa picture of 30 different puddings.I1........................ just be advertising desserts,surelY? d Do you remember that ad for a fizzy drink? It havebeen very successful,as they had to withdraw it almost immediately. ....bevery Thoseadsfor iPads......'....'.'. the hits on many successful.They've had so internet! Product placement on TV shows be more effectivethan actual commercials.It dependson how many people are watching at the time, I suPPose.
5 Completethe secondsentencesothat it hasa similar meaningto the first sentence,usingthe word given. Do not changethis word. Youmust usebetweentwo and five words,includingthe word given. I I'm not sure,but I think a friend of mine did that voice-over for chewing gum. MIGHT That voice-over for chewing gum a friend of mine, but I'm not sure. Adam cant wait to go snowboarding next week. FORWARD Adam'sreally .............. snowboarding next week. What is your unclet job? FOR a living? What Before we start to plan the film shoot, we must agreethe budget. DOWN .....the film Before we get budget. the agree shoot, we must
I'm sure RafaelNadal earned a lot for that car advert. BEEN .....a lot for RafaelNadal that car advert. Their last commercial failed to convince viewers about the brand. MESSAGE Their last commercialdidnt succeed acrossto uewers about the brand. The candidatecouldnt register for the election becausehe missedthe deadline. ABLE If the candidatehadnt missedthe deadline,he .....registerfor the election. I was really impressedby the imagesin the advert. MADE The imagesin the advert reallY
Vocabulary Collocations 6 With which of the followingwordsand phrasescan you usethe adjectivebroad?Whichadjectivesgo Whenyou with the remainingwordsand phrases? different the study to dictionary a havedecided,use usesof theseadjectivesand broad. a range of beliefs
e smile of welcome
b shoulders
f feeling of guilt
c sigh
g variety ofproducts
d Scottish accent
h breath
Completethe followingdefinitionswith wordsabout advertising. a A .................
is a short song or .................
tune used in TV commercials. is a short phrase ................. b A . .......... about a product that is easyto remember. for a Projectis the ..... c The amount of money availablefor it. is a type of product d A......................... made by a particular comPany.
THE HARDSELL
Thefinal frontier Vocabulary 1 Forquestionsr-8, readthe articlebelowand decidewhich answer(A,4 C or D) bestfits eachgap. Thereis an exampleat the beginning(0). Example: 0 A predicting Answer: A
B imagining
C believing
D intending
---r----lif!=gff -hoyg Soacefourism:-w-e-
---l-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
r
-
-
i
r
r
-
-
-
-
-
-
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-
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r
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-
_
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-
-
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-
Peopleore (0) thotspocetourism couldbe o $ZOOmindustry by 2020. Thousonds of poying possengers o yeor couldbe flownos for os zero (l) ................ grovityond bock,for themosfthrilling of theirlives.Tickets ore on solenow ot o (2) SirRichord Bronson, $200,000,fromthebillionoire whoseVirginGolocticcomponyhosbig plonsfor its six-possenger spocecroft. In themeontime, o growing(f) .................. of other business peopleore ioiningthespoceroce, (4) ................... for thefirsttimethottheremightoctuolly be somemoneyto be mode.VirginGoloctichos from olreody(5) ................... oround$45m in deposits peoplewontingto hovelintosub-orbitol spoce.Why to do this?One commonreosongivenis thotpeoplewontto feelthe (7) .................. ore theyso (6) ................... of zerogrovity,ond monyolsosoythottheywouldliketo (8) . . ...... thecurveof theEorthfromobove.
r A lift 2 A pure 3 A amount 4 A advised 5 A taken 6 A 7 A causes 8 A view
B B B B B B B B
sail mere sum influenced kept impatient events look
C flight C bare C figure C convinced C borne C irritated C issues C gaze
D drive D pale D number D impressed D held D impossible D effects D watch
Forma phrasewith at to completesentences a-f. I wasnt very interestedin sciencefiction, but now I love it. a ................................:............... in this film - the role is perfectfor him. b GeorgeClooneyis ................................................ c If you'rein need of help, dont hesitateto call me................................................, OK? she saysshe does! d Jessieknows a lot about spaceexploration e The two countrieshavebeen................ attend peacetalks. f Heavy rain over the last two dayshas raised the river level and puts the village seriousflooding.
U N I T1 O
of ...................
r
Listening
Grammar
s i$i,fu Youwill hear an interview with a science-fiction writer calledJedStevens.Forquestionsr-z choose the best answer(AuB or C).
Reviewof futuretenses
I According to |ed, the best period of your life to start writing sciencefiction is A in your teenageyears. B when retired from work. C as a young adult. 2 How did Ied becomeinterestedin sciencefiction? A by reading comics B by watching television C by listening to radio broadcasts 3 What has proved especiallyuseful to Jed's writing career? A his background in computer programming
4 Makepredictionsabout the future usingthesenotes. Usethe rangeof future structurescoveredin Unit ro. An exampleis given. near future/scientists/work on moon. In the nearfuture, scientistswill be working on the moon. a 20 yearslmannedspacecraft/landon Mars.
22nd century/launch starships/destination/other galaxies.
Soon/peopletravel to low orbit/Europe to New Zealand only an hour. Nowwrite threemorepredictionsof your own.
B his experienceof living in different places C his contactsin the scientific communitv 4 Jed'sfirst published work was A a novel. B an article. C a set ofshort stories. 5 What is the main attraction of writing sciencefiction for Jednow? A the ability to make a good living B the opportunity to work on film versions C the chanceto explore new ideasabout society 6 According to |ed, how has science-fiction writing changedin the last 30 years? A It has increasedsignificantly in quality. ' B Novels have been reduced in length. C It is now basedmore on technology. 7 |ed predicts that in 50 years'time, A manned spacecraftwill have travelled beyond the solar system. B governmentswill have stopped investing in exploration. C people will have been forced to find water
Writing 5 Readthe advertbelow.Writea paragraphon this forthcomingevent,usingsuitablefuture tensesand otherwordsfrom this unit.
ffi$ffiws%ffiffiffiffi
S P A C ET: H EF U T U R E
at ElwoodCollegeof Technology, Conference Australia Melbourne, 2020 10-12 January Guest speakers: o science-fiction writerJohnT.Price o leadingscientist PaulRhodes Professor include: Topicsfor discussion . beam-up technology . moonsettlements o howto contactaliens
elsewhere.
T H E F I N A LF R O N T I E R
Likemother likedaughter
Vocabulary Wordformation 1 Readthe shortarticlebelow.Usethe word given in capitalsat the end of someof the linesto form a word that fits in the gap in the sameline.Thereis an exampleat the beginning(0).
How to fitrJ a partner 'simply put, opposites don't attract.but similartypesdo,'saysDr Robin Russellof London University,who hasspenta decadestudyingpatterns the more similaryou areto your partner ATTRACT . 'On average, of (0).-4TTRA-C-T-IAN... unAobscurephysiolojicalfactorslike elbow PERSON in *.ry *rt, ft"t" (l) ................... APPEAR amazingasit may seemthe more you shape.to attitudesand (2)......................... LIKE to geton.' are(3) (4)........................ haveany numberof theorieswhy.Early life might programme you to seek(s) with peoplewho look like your parents- and but thereforelook like you.Or you maymakea random(6)........................, network. of your local(7)........................ within the environment
SCIENCE RELATION CHOOSE SOCIETY
That said,there'sa morethan (8) who look like you.
REASON
chanceyou will choosepeople
2 Puttheseadjectivesinto orderof strength.lf you think somearethe samestrength,put them together. irritated angry EXAMeLE:(weak)upset furious (strong) a uneasy
afraid
terrified
nervous
d interested obsessed fascinated eager
b thrilled
delighted
overjoyed
pleased
e speechless surprised
astonished shocked
c depressed disappointed miserable
unhappy
f beautiful
stunning
attractive
lovely
6 Lookat thesephotos.A is a photo of your old neighboursand B is a photo of the peoplewho havejust movedin next door.
English American ln the Listeningsectionin the Student'sBook there is an interviewwith an AmericancalledHannah.Sheuses thesewordsand phraseswhich areAmericanEnglish: on thesubway... ... shegot real embarrassed Howwould an Englishpersonsaythe phrasesabovein BritishEnglish? Lookat theseother examplesof AmericanEnglishand matchthem with the BritishEnglishequivalents. American English I first floor 2 fall 3 cookie 4 trunk 5 vacation 6 freeway 7 gasoline 8 apartment 9 Scotchtape 10 elevator
1r bill
British English a sellotape b motorway c lift d bank note e petrol f autumn g ground floor h flat i boot (ofa car) j holiday k biscuit
Writing 5 Readthroughthe followingletterto a friend and correct it. Thereare20 grammaticalor spellingerrors.
Detr Jod,4, gou' Thanks for gour kLLet;'rh was g.ood'-to hexe fuom ln s.omr-rrne You'tl bs Pk;eeL knowing lhaL l've +ovn+ and' Rirhmann Ekno" c6L'?n shaix ile' 4.a.b wt*h. Shds Lo shds arkress kon CanaAn. I tnkxvizpei' abouL reil4 we andnirA5 ve*g Shds het. penplnbetore I se*n 'aeh' ' het o'bouL bl/a 5o'g ne Leh ' toqethet Uou on wdl lnds o'lout'tm Socrnt^h:R4hb ond'ho-s shorb,bLa*' Shds *aa UoU; t^ 'tarj, she bof o- bi| We gour sLst*x\ atound" ln have ,nu"e)Ata'aLiNe so she shourd've lun of flr',s and" we Wdre vih r'nLerestzd-aL he sane \pe haLes cr,ok so She musw' ol se*.mtn ho-ve sLmil'o.rtasLes kikhent' n1e35tJ 0ho-vrng abowL I won't have ln worrging 0' moviz-' One dxot^ba* Ls thaL, when she has mokrng rn the 4'3o abouL en'r14, r,q reA)4 she,nexA's ge&rng and' make-uV hex geL to lhe seb ln-go to morni,ng, so c:ostr,rietoi+*A ouL. She sa4s shdU" be reAL! 4liLe' . baA' ang ol noLr*)' we)rl have Lo se*'. Anguoag,I h*vest'L - whg don't Uou come hoblhs gek\ You muaL-to iu* u't we c'an h*ve o' meal and' ovextn lhe \'aL nexb SILuYL'AU ' know me W Lo Logelher?.Drop me a ltne
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Now write a letter of between14o-19owords to a friendtelling him/herabout the new neighbours. Comparethem with the neighboursyou usedto haveand saywhich onesyou prefer.Youdo not needto includepostaladdresses.
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Love, Twngw
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L I K E M O T H E R ,L I K E D A U G H T E R
A greatidea Reading Forquestionsr-6, choosethe answer(A,4 C or D) whichyou think fits bestaccordingto the text.
Theaircraft tookoff smoothly enough, butanyfeelings that I andtheyoung scientists hadthatwewereonanything likea passenger scheduled service werequickly dismissed whenthe justlikeanother It looked aircraftfromtheoutside. Thepilottold pilotputtheplane into a 4S-degree climb which lasted around 20 hisyoungpassengers thatit wasbuiltin 1964,a Boeing KC- seconds. Thentheengines cutoutandwe became weightless. 135refuelling tanker, based onthe707.Butappearances were Everything became confused, andleftor right,upor downno deceptive, andthe13students fromEurope andtheUSAwho longer hadanymeaning. Aftertenseconds offree-fall descent the boarded theaircraft wereinfortheflightoftheirtives. pilotpulled theaircraft outof itsnosedive. Thereturn of gravity Inside, theareathatnormally hadseats hadbecome a longwhite waslessimmediate thanitsloss,butwasstillsudden enough t0 padded tunnel. Heavily fromfloorto ceiling, it tooked a bitlikea ensure thatsome students came downwitha bump. lunatic asylum. There werealmost nowindows, butlightsalong Each timethepilotcuttheengines andwebecame weightless, a thepadded wallseerily illuminated it.Mostoftheseats hadbeen newteamconducted itsexperiment. First it was the Dutch, who takenout,apartfromafewattheback,wheretheyoung scientists wanted todiscover whycatsalways landontheirfeet.Then itwas quickly tooktheirplaces witha lookofapprehension. theGerman team, whoconducted a successful experiment ona For12 months, science students fromacross the continents traditional building method to seeif it cbuldbeusedforbuitding hadcompeted to wina placeontheflightat theinvitation of a future space station. TheAmericans hadanideatocreate solar theEuropean Space Agency. Thechallenge hadbeento suggest sailsthatcouldbeusedbysatellites. imaginative experiments tobeconducted inweighfless conditions.Aftertwo hoursof goingup and downin the planedoing Forthe nexttwo hoursthe Boeing's flightresembled thatof experiments, the predominant feeling wasoneof exhilaration anenormous birdwhichhadlostitsreason, shooting upwards ratherthannausea. Mostof the students thoughtit wasan ss towards theheavens before hurtling towards Eartn. fni intention unforgettable experience andonetheywouldbekeentorepeat. wastoachieve weightlessness fora fewseconds.
What does the writer sayabout the plane? A It had no seats. B The inside was painted white. C It had no windows. D The outside was misleading. According to the writer, how did the young scientistsfeel at the beginning of the flight? A sick B nervous C keen D impatient 3 What did the pilot do with the plane? A He quickly climbed and then stopped the engines. B He climbed and then made the plane fall slowly. C He took off normally and then cut the enginesfor 20 seconds. D He climbed and then made the planeturn over.
What was the point of being weightless? A To seewhat conditions are like in space. B To prepare the young scientistsfor future work in space. C To show the judges of the competition what they could do. D To allow the teamsto try out their ideas. What does'it'in line 39 referto? A the exhilaration B the trip C the plane D the opportunity Why was this text written? A To encourageyoungpeopleto take up science. B To show scientistswhat young people can do. C To report on a new scientific technique. D To describethe outcome of a scientific competition.
Grammar Thepassive 2 The CambridgeEnglishCorpusshowsus that exam candidatesoften makemistakeswith the passive. Correctthesesentences. a I had to been train bY the manager. b Usually cuckoo clocks make out of wood. c The scienceexhibition will be visit by many people. d My camerastolen on the bus. e He was stolen his bike. f It has been prove that water freezesat 0 degreesC. g One speaksFrench here. h Many designshave make for new planes. i The house is painting at the moment. j The car cleanednow. k Maria born in APril' I A jet flies by Hamid everYdaY. m They were asking to a PartY. n Today'smeeting has cancelled. o My house was building last Year. p I hurt in a road accident'
Listening 4 'ti$EZyou will heara womantalking about a man calledWilliam,who built a windmillin hisvillagein Africa.Forquestions1-1o,completethe sentences with a word or short Phrase. William's family didnt have the , (1) ..$............. neededfor him to stayat school. William alwayswanted to get a job as a
Vocabulary
(2) .....................
verbswith comeandtake Phrasal
William was able to spend some time in the (3) ..................... near his village.
3 Lookat the contextof the followingphrasalverbs , and decideon their meaning.Trynot to usea dictionaryuntil you havefinishedthe exercise.
William was keen to have electricity in his house so that he could havean electric(4) .....................
a He came into a lot of moneYwhen his grandfather died. b Shecertainly takes after her mother - she'sso tall. c He took up golf when he retired. d It took him two hours to come round after the blow to his head. e I'll be taking over the businesswhen my father retires. f It was a problem we rarely come up against. g I didnt take to him at first, but now he'sone of my best friends. h The Prime Minister didnt come up with any new ideasfor tackling crime' The information was too much to take in at first. I came across an old letter in the attic the other duy. Her new job meansthat shewill be taking on more responsibility.
in his room. Williams family wanted electricity so they could more easilY. get (5) ........... William's (6)..................... was the personwho helped him build a windmill. The basic structure of the windmill was made from an unwanted(7) ................ The bladesof the windmill were made of (8) ..................... In Williams village there is a (9) which the villagers all have accessto. William's family is now able to grow aswell as maize. (10) .................. A G R E A TI D E A
Educationfor life Reading I
Youaregoing to readan articleabout a teachercalledChrisSearle.Readthe first paragraphto for the moment' find out moreabouthim.Thenskimthe text,ignoringthe missingsentences
of colleagueq k;naida, thejoumalistscamealongtoo. attitudes thenegative Despite walk-outby Searlecontinuedto focus on poetry. Therewasalsoa sympathy made theirfeelings ladieg who cleaning the Ron He persuadeda photograPher, sack wipe the'Dont to McCormick,to bringhisportraitsof East knownbyrefusing off theschoolwalls Londoninto classandwith thesevisual Searle'graffti got better. poems better and the rnages Other schoolsjoined in and the next who day there was a march to Trafalgar The schoolgovernors. E I--l 'gloomy', thoughtth.t. poemsweretoo Squarq in the centre of London. go with not to ahead Searle had ordered Searlestayedaway,not wanting to Searle had only just qualified but 1971, Slepney March but by be seenas their leader.but he did certain progressive ideas about thecollection, and paid Searle for by out, was Words not let the matter rest from then educationwere already settling in pnnted in the even parcnts were Extracts o n . l H e a l s of o u g hht i s lol Some of the his head.F-n newspaper. Saz throughthe union.In May dismissal governors uial.*-tt.tt wereex-army (hisownwor$ nowmade 19'73,the government'seducation or had a churchbackground;gowns Searle's'enemies' lunchtimein late May, secretary,Margaret Thatcher,ruled One were worn and caneswere usedto their move. at the punish trouble-makersif necessary. the headcalledSearlein and fired him, that Searleshouldbe reinstated other ignored by wasa poorareaandtherestof instructinghim not to comein afterthe school. However, Stepney Zcnuda staff anddenieda classof his own,he thestalfsawno hopefor theirpupils. end of the month.l?-J--_l girl decidedto leavethe schoolfor goodin 16-year-old Cruz, a strong-willed theseunder- dela Howeveqto ChrisSearle, 'We 'sons and fromGibraltartookcharge; ananged J,ily 1974.Searlecontinuedto teach, werethe teenagers achieving andworkedin manydifferent of thepoetRosenberg'andfor peopleto tell eachclass.Immediately, howeveq daughters countriesaroundthe world. He has wantedto takeaction.' poetrywasthekeythatwouldunlock everyone hisownpoetry. theirpotential. Whenaskedrecentlywhy they had all alsopublished -*-**--*-j theywrote takensucha stronglineon the I Theshortverses Iz I 'It just Lock up, unlock weresadandoftenbitteqwith the East sackingsheexplained: That's me iob for now Lock up in the morning End shownas a placeof no hope.To didnt seemfair that a teacher Unlock at the end ol day Searle's everyoneliked was being some of thestaffatSirJohnCass, It's an easy life This iob is approachwas alarming.Herewas a thrownout.' Sheremembers Just unlock in the morning teacherin his earlytwentiesusingthe walkinginto the officesof a Enjoy meself all day after school But at night, me back forradicaltheories local newspaper schoolasalaboratory It starts hurting going was what them to tell pupils to encouraging and of education, I can't bend And turn that key walked Searle wasnoisyand on.l sT---l speakout.Hisclassroom This job at night to the schoolthe on him.He nervously lotsof thegirlshadcrushes It's not for me In the daytime itb alright sawpupilsafterschooltoo, ashe ran a nextmomingandloundsome But it's hard to turn outside standing children 800 in lived Stepney, and film club haif-price The key at nightChristineGarratt unlike most of his fellow teachers, the gatesin the rain. where who fled eachnight to the suburbs. theystayedall day.Thanksto
at Sir John ChrisSearlestarteilteaching East Schoolin Stepney, CassSecondary London,in 19?0.Thisparticulariob harl heknew to himpartlybecause appealed had done he thearea.Moreimportantly, thesison an Eastf,nd his postgraduate andsawthispart poet,IsaacRosenberg, place'. as'alerypoetical of London
A-G the one whichfits eachgap (l-6)' Now choosefrom sentences Thereis one extrasentencewhichyou do not needto use' Theseviews were not sharedby the school' which, althoughquitenew,wasrun verytraditionally.
A His classheardthenewsthe sameafternoon. B However,many pupils had seentheir own parentson
Although banned from the school, he managedto thatyear' publisha secondStepneyWordslater
strikepicketlines,sotheYdid.
c Searlecontacteda local printer to anange for their publication.
G So he madethem readit and write it, believingthat in
D They calledthe national presgwhich transformedthe protestinto a major event.
Grammar Reporting 3 Herearesomequotesfrom Chris Searleand his PuPils,who were featuredin a radio Programme Words.Rewritethem about SfePneY as reported speech.Thefirst one is startedfor you. a I went to the local PaPerand told them our plans. TheY askedme some questionsto check me out, but in the end theY Promised to run the story. (Zeinaida) Zeinaida said that shehad gone to the localPaPer.'. That morning I went in through the side entrance.The school secretarywas handing out the registersas normal, but there cant have been more than 20 or 30 kids in the whole building. (Chris Searle) While we were outside the gates, teacherscame acrossand talked to us. Somewere sYmPathetic, though they weren't able to admit it. Somewere aggressiveand threw gym shoesat us! (a PuPil) d Those children were made to feel that being ordinary meant failure. But it is the ordinarY PeoPleand their daily work that make a country. (Chris Searle)
this way,his pupilswould makesenseof their livesand their sunoundings.
Vocabulary do?Therearethreeother expressions 4 what do trouble-makers with makein the article.Findthem and look up their meaningsin and two from the box in the a dictionary.Thenusethe expressions correctform to completethis shorttext about ChrisSearle' make a start
make a good impression make use of
useeithera form of written by examcandidates, In thesesentences makeor anotherverb collocationto completethe sentences' improvements ............ a Our schoolis going 1o...................... to its recePtionarea. a very bad experiencewith tents b I. ....... ....... while I was camPinglast Year. .....uP his mind to ProPose c Paul marriage to MarY. .....me a favour? d Finally, could you ....my life easier' e Technologyhas a diet or spendmoney .--.. f I dont needto in a gym. the .....'.'....'........""""""' g I beh; that all parentsshould .....their children awareof first step to the problems. h Cycling is one of the bestwaysto .............'.'...... exercise. i I really.... j Sayrnggoodbyealways
mYselfat home' '....me cry'
E D U C A T I O NF O R L I F E
Careermoves Vocabulary Wordformation 1 Readthe text below.Usethe word givenin capitalsat the end of someof the linesto form a word that fits in the gap in the sameline.Thereis an example at the beginning(0).
SURROUND a tropical inyourbath(o) ..eurr-q!/!.&d...ny relaxing ustimagine a wondedul alongside inthekitchen 0rworking beach scene. (1) .. ........... These arejusttwo SELECT fruits. ofhand-painted Bany Jan and wall tiles that individually designed of the examples SPECIAT (2) their company, in.Theystarted Harmer . . . ........ gap ...................MASS theyfelttherewasa (3) Art,because Tile AVAITABLE (4) ................... of waslimited inthemarket.'There arevery good-quality Barry. Theirdesigns English tiles,'explains IMAGINE totake0nsome (5) .............. andtheyarewilling ..... witha' EXPECT up(6)..... . Onemanturned unusual orders. seat pictureofa JCBdigger, wanting a muralof himselfinthedriver's oBvtous (7) ..................... TheHarmers baby. holding hisnew-born no have say they fromhome and theirsmallbusiness running enjoy EXPAND plans . for(8) ............ t
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Listening 2 teifE Youwill hearpeopletalking in five differentsituations.Forquestions1-5, choosethe bestanswer(A,B or C). I You hear a man talking about his working life. What is his job now? A a journalist B a chef C a lawyer
You hear two people at work discussinga colleague.The woman describesher colleagueas A impatient. B irresponsible. C disorganised.
2 You hear a conversationabout getting a further qualification. What does the man say? A He wisheshe could do his coursepart-time. B He believeshe can support himself financially' C He hopeshe will be ableto get his old job back.
You hear a man talking about the skills needed for a new position in his department.'Whatis the most important requirementfor the job? A to have knowledge of a languageother than English B to have experienceof telephoneselling C to have a qualification in maths
3 You hear a woman talking about her career.The woman choseher careerin order to A travel to unusual places. B earn a decent salary. C work regular hours.
Now read the sample answer,choosing the right word or phrase in r-7.
Writing 3 Readthis newsreportabout a young millionaire. Thenusethe informationto giveyou an ideafor the essayin 4 below.
Tee 64esvcr&s; ThLsessa4 cnns'rAx'rswhelhet expei*.nceof the business worlA b nexAri' rn ordxx Lo sucr*x)". 'tL Ls true thal (1) Thqe'{oro t Nthatgh t*xxa4ers who ara sti|L at schooL may noL h*ve much o,ware-nessol wo*ing tt(e, the4 can geL aA,vir,etron *l,u'ks. (2) So / becanso tvsbho'nd. knowkA4e Ls noL essexl)ol.
Nick D'Aloisio's'ridiculous'life (his word) is dueto the immensepopularity of the iPhone app he created.Called Summly, it allows you to Process newsmore easily on a mobile device. Essentially,it pulls in news from a variety of sourcesand usesa computer algorithmto reduceit to a coupleof with userschoosingthe Nick D'Aloisio, key sentences, Britain's 17-year-old subiectsmost relevantto them. app developer Nick setup a companyto develoPthe app, though at 16 he was too young to be a director and so his mother had to take on that role. The companyhas just been bought by Yahoo for an estimatedf,l8 million, changingNick's life for good. Although he still plans to apply to university,his studiesfor schoolexamswill now be reservedfor evenings,as he has a new day job as a Yahoo employee,working out of their London offices.
Take the exanplz of Ni.k D'Atoi;ir, who stn'rt*d. hls ouoncrmPdllu 0*, 16. ]uy'nlLwas irrrporb'an! (3) i" arngcaso / n his case was LhaL he saN 0- qood,busness iAxn and. haA. exwgh undsstnnilng of nobil*- t*rhnol'ogg Lo dzvdnp lL. (4) ln ang case, / ln *tab case, hLs mothex Ls a. ilx<rtor rn hls cnmpangso probabtghd-Pei" hw.
He doesn'tappearto feelunderpressurefrom his overnight 'the new success,eventhough the media refer to him as Mark Zuckerberg' and therefore expect him to be a billionaireby his early20s.He doeshoweveradmit to being inspired by the Facebookbiopic The SocialNetwork and believesthere is no upper limit to possiblefuture success. and I got "I wasas low asyou go, a kid with no experience, good concept's If the to this positionjustthroughan idea. work." it will enoughthen
Grammar
Readthe examquestionand add your own ideato the notes. In your English classyou have been talking about starting a business.Now your Englishteacherhas askedyou to write an essay.
allandthewhale which containan expression 6 Completethesesentences, thewhole. with dtlor
Write an essayusing all the notes and give reasons for your point of view. ' :
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Teenagerscannot succeed in businessuntil they gain some exPerience.Do Youagree? Notes Write about: 1. why teenagersstart companles 2. how studYingmight be afiected (yourown idea) 3. .....................
(5) Orr l*'te uv hot:d', / On tJr'e ol/r'el- hat'd', th c.annoLbe ensg tn ape nijl'r a buslness whrJ*-aL schooL.lt mag be nernssatg to pu-t stt+d4ixg on holA.. (6) Agoin, / Senrlld)1, in D'ALols:n'scnse, he chose Lo sfud.4 - tn the evening to ke*p hLs | opinns opex. 'r'L (7) To sum rp, / ln rarn*rrsb, se*ms petkrll4 possihlt tor t*r'na4exs b sucrxxl- ',( *tq ho-ve * soltA, cnnc*4Lto tuork witln. lt should be remenbereA irr6-b I't\a.rk Zuc*exbexg,the {pundr;of Far*hook, becnme a" bil).onwxe tn hi'l eaig Z-os and. othus ho.ue arAwveA' sin'J,ar svcc;<-tl.
!
a Thebest.................. aboutmy newjob isthat I don'thaveto driveinto workanymore. next b l'llbe awayfrommy deskfor the ...................................... week,but youcanemailme if anythingcomesup. c On............... , I reallylovewherelwork, aresonice. my colleagues because but above arereasonable d Thesalaryandconditions that it'sthetravelopportunities ..........., me to applyfor this post. havepersuaded my computermostlunchtimes' at sitting ld been e too busyto leavethe office,when sudden,I decidedto quit.
Write your essayin 14o-19owords. C A R E E RM O V E S
Toomanypeople? Vocabulary 1 Readthe followingarticleaboutthe environmentalgroup Greenpeace and decidewhich answer(A,B,C or D) bestfits eachgap.Thereis an exampleat the beginning(0). Example: 0 Aprotect Answer: A
Bcare
C look
D tend
Greenpeace Greenpeaceis an independentorganisation that campaignsto (0) ........ the environment.lt hasapproximately 4.5 millionmembersworldwide in 158countries, 300,000of thesein the UnitedKingdom.(1) ........ in NorthAmericain 1971, it has sinceopenedofficesroundthe world. (2) ........, As wellas its campaigning it alsohasa charitable trustwhich (3) ......scientific researchand undertakeseducationalprojectson environmental issues.Greenpeace(4) ........ in non-violentdirectaction. Activistsdraw publicattentionto seriousthreatsto the environment. (5) . issueson whichthe organisation is campaigning includethe atmosphere(globalwarming),the (6) ........ of the rainforestsand toxic wastebeingemittedfrom factories.Greenpeaceis committedto the principles of politicalindependence and internationalism. By exposing (7) ......to the environment and in workingto (S) ........ solutions, Greenpeaceis reallyhelpingto savethe planet.
1 A Built 2 A work 3 A pays 4 A accepts 5 A Instant 6 A ruin 7 A warnings 8Afind
B Formed B job B funds B depends B Current B extinction B threats B make
C Invented C occupation C rewards C holds C Immediate C destruction C promises C set
D Produced D position D earns D believes D Next D downfall D difficulties D sort
Completethe sentences with wordsyou haveusedin the Student'sBook. Thecorrectnumberof lettersis givento help you. a Peopleput used glassand paper in separate
f A-
containersso they can be b I hate people who drop c I cant afford a new car. I'll have to get
then came the thunder. g We got caught in a heavy
a__ ___one. Lastyeartherewas a-_
--because
there wasnt enough water. This year there are
becausethere
has been too much rain.
u N r T1 5
- of lightning lit up the sky, and - - - and
didnt have an umbrella with us. h Chemicalsand exhaustfumes are all---ofourplanet. i Coal and oil are known as- -
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Writing
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7t was qreat to hear fror'n 4ou tast week and to qet all gour news. \Ne're all fne here and look'rg forward to the sut'r'an"er Lvl,dags. L thought rn thrs letter tl'at I'd tell you a l'ttle b;t
3 Youhaverecentlyhad a letterfrom tellingYou Susan, your penfriend, aboutthe areawhereshelivesin Scotland.Completethe letterwith wordsfrom the box below.
about Dwlochrg-,where I live.
although as as a result because besides desPite furthermore so though when Nowwrite your rePlYto Susan. to useyour English-English Remember dictionaryif necessarY. Thinkabout: o Location: in the north of, to the south of town, a o Size:an average-sized small village, the caPitalcitY o Climate:damP,humid, troPical, temperate,arid I Landscape:mountainous,flat, hilly, forested,built-uP o Population activity: agricultural, industrial, academic,fishing
gaa krcw,7 lite in a' t'/ergguiet area"of (1) .. ........ 3cotlar'd, aiaich is t/erg cllse to the sea ard con"Tletelgfree (2) . .'. " a sn"a'llToVulationaf fror'.^ 'onlg pollution especialtyin the i5 h'tsg, 350 penpte,n g v)tla4e qufte atl the tourists caMe' surv\her, (3) the ferrg to the isfatds' there is alsa (4) ... the castle bg the loch(l,ke a take),uh'ch ts PzFularwith v'sitors' -ost peoplehere a-5glu u"t4 m^a4ir'e' (5) . work far the fercg urfuIu! or in l'ptels ar'd saut/er'irsLops' y is quite far r'orth' rt lms a Dunlocht (6) . .. .. of the Gulf Stren'nn'Or'e nnild'clinnate(7) . . .. of r,agneiql,bourselen has a palt tree in his qarden! The ur'd landscapets /er! Mou;r,ta-tnlus there is very l'ttle fat lard awilahle (S) . . carried' out here for ry 3heep far,^;rg l'v.s been ir i;atd ;s qu'!n,f:#!ln centur,es (9)
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Grammar Qny,na, every SAmeo 5
any,no andeverycancombinewiththing, Some, bodyloneandwhereto form a compound'Complete usingan appropriateform' the followingsentences Haveyou got.................... read on the way home?
Believeme, he really does live five kilometres from ................ Ministers usuallYdont have to saywhen theY
I can .'..'.'.'.....
are askedwhat they are doing to help the environment.
Peterleft without telling
I know is a non-
where he was going.
smoker,so I dont need anYashtraYs' i The policemantold us that we said would be
c She'sreally well travelled. She'sbeen
;"; ;; ;;; - ;;; ;*11;ili"'|he'[rains taken down and could be usedin evidence Surelywe can do ................'.... make our streetssafer.
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againstus.
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1 Youaregoing to readabout four womenwho are vegetarian.Forquestions1-1o,choosefrom the women(A-D).Thewomenmaybe chosenmore thanonce. Which woman was influencedby someone?
m---l
is awarethat she might not be eating a healthy diet?
IEI-_I
hasjoined an organisationto find out more?
trJ-__l
has enjoyed cooking for a long time?
llll-_-l
checkedwith a specialistthat being a vegetarianis healthy?
HI-_-l
dislikessomevegetarianfood?
[6!t-_l
is vegetarianfor moral reasons?
m----l
suffersphysically after eating meat?
tFt----l ITT-_I
liveswith someonewho doesnt completely agreewith her?
lT.d.I-__l
had someproblemsat first?
,':. "..;l
--
Luisa has been a vegetarian for four and a half years. 'l've never really She says. liked meat, and throughout mv teensate lessand lessof it. Then, I went abroad on holiday one year and when I came back I decidedto give up meat for good. I'm more interestedin lood and cooking now than I usedto be. My husband and I love food and we spend hours experimenting with different recipes- there'sso much you can do with vegetarianfood. Our favouritefoods are mainly Italian and Indian. We probablyeat too much lat in our diet and are aware that we need to cut down. We're not that keen on brown rice and lentils.I also hate things that try to imitate meat. I study labels carefully but we don't worry too much when we eat out.'
34
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Rachel has been a vegetarian for 'lt was my New four months. Year'sresolution,'she says.'lt's been a real eye-opener.I didn't realisethat a lot of things I eat like sauces- have meat products in them. I becamea member of the VegetarianSociety to get more
inlormation.It'smademerealisehow muchgoesinto know I eatlots our foodandhow littleweconsumers theyareso cheapand easy of pastaand lentilsbecause of to prepare.At first I put on a loi of weight-because
..: .. all ihe cheeseI was eating.Now I'm much berterat rnew rw xpgrlmcDttllE cooking vvNrrrE rrr E enjoying enjoying r r J U J I r r t s vcooking I'm with w l L I l food food luuu and d and l l u rI'm .. :, ', gexperimenting ':' things. I'm now trying to convince the other people in .t,'
Listening Z ,#l$bdyou will hearfive short extractsin which people are talking about food. For questionsr-5, choosefrom the list (A-H)what eachwriter says.Usethe lettersonly once.Thereare three extra letterswhich you do not need to use' SpeakerI A I like to have a big breaKast. B I seefood as an important theme in my books. C I like to eat while I'm writing.
Speaker2
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Speaker3
D I seefood as a reward' E I m quite careful about what I sayabout food in my books' F I m trying to cut down on what I eat.
Speaker4
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Speaker5
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G I prefer simple food. H I put recipesinto mY novels.
Grammar Thearticle with o an, the 3 Fillthe gapsin the followingsentences or - (whenno articleis needed). meal at ....................... We went out for ........................ restaurantwhere we first met. so popular with Why are........................potatoes British? ........................ Oceanby We flew across........................AtIantic United States. Concordeto ........................ ......................
in e I worked as........................waitress universif. summer beforeI went to ........................ best drink coffeeis ........................ I think ........................ world. in ........................ party at Susanwas invited to ........................dinner last week. ........................ Jane's h When we go abroad we alwaysbring back some that we and........................drink of ........................food enjoyed.
chef 4 Thearticlebelowis about the American-Chinese which word of the think questions 1-8, KenHom.For bestfits eachgap.Useonly one word in eachgap. Thereis an exampleat the beginning(0).
l(enHom I startedcookingin mYuncle's the age restaurant(0) ..4.T.. Chinese the of 11.At first,I justwashed andslicedthe thenchopped dishes, But assoon(l) . vegetables. the chefswentout of the kitchenI'd try to copythe dishesI'd seenthem to first dishI attemPted cook.The (2) It's rice. makewasfried can difficultto messuPthat anyone cookit. I was15 I wasfed (4)............"'.with Bythe (3) Sq I (5) ............... workingL}-hourdaysin the restaurant. to studyhistoryof art up my mindto goto university to get in (6) ................ again cooking andonlystarted someextramoney. people alwaysbeento encourage My mission(7) ............. Kids vegetables. more ,,r.. to eat lessfat and meatand buttheyusuallyhaven't saytheydon'teatvegetables, thistheyare Cooked(8) '............. hadthemstir-fried. fun. and healthy delicious,
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EAT TO tIVE
Collectorsand creators Vocabulary Wordformation 1 Readthisshortarticleaboutunusualhobbies. Usethe word givenin capitalsat the end of someof the linesto form a word that fits in the gap in the sameline.Thereisan example at the beginning(0).
SFBI€OE
PURSUITS
that Associations andyou'llfindabout7,000groups of British theDirectory Gothrough (0)..IM-P-QBTAI{SF. swells .Thatnumber to beof national large enough areconsidered gardening film club, local ofevery .,. 150,000 withthe(r) . to around people. place providing group, for like-minded a meeting interest most andspecial society
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be theremustquiteliterally ..... available, choice Withsuchan(2).............. which supervises Association, Haggis* Hurling kick off with the Let's foreveryone. something (current record fora 680gramhaggis: event Book of Records a Guinness whathasbecome *: (3) forgoodcauses. to raise money andorganises 55metres) 1958. Mostpeople since hashadanofficialassociation which tiddlyrruinks, Then there's 'for perhaps mostofthe because butthentheygethooked, tiddlywinks a joke', startplaying (4) . isdoneinthepub. post-match .. of pubsigns study youastoo(5) strikes lf tiddlywinks , theleisurely theirtime whospend has400members yourcupoftea.TheInnSignSociety might bemore pub (6) used Their founder .... signs. ............... of country in search the travelling pub photos of 20,000 (7) as well as signs, of 300actual ..;........:_._............... to have I ;.. going backto the1930s. signs, whynotvisityourlocallibrary? andothers, ofthese clubs Togettheaddresses You're bound to findsomething (SI theinternet. trysearching
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* A haggis andiseatenin Scotland. roundsausage is likea large,
2 Findwordsand phrasesin the articlein r that meanthe sameasa-f. a grows b start
c best distance e becomeaddicted f certain d charities
ANALYSE ENERGY
uSuAt COLLECT
ALTERNATE
The article refersto like-mindedpeople,meaning peoplewith similarviews.How manywordswith like Theyhaveall appeared in the box do you recognise? usingeach in previousunits.Completethe sentences one once. like
likeable likeness liking
Grammar 5 Forquestionsr-8, readthe text belowand think of the word which bestfits eachgap.Useonly one word in eachgap.Thereis an exampleat the beginning(0)'
unlikely
Goat-driving seemsa very hobby to me, but there'san official club listed here! Dressingup in old clothes and fighting battles isnt to my.. .. . My nephew goesbeach-combingfor shells, unusual pebblesand things
re-enactrnent"societies.. .'."' :.
that. d Once the full make-up has been put on, he .....'.'.'.........1o showsan amazing Captain Kirk. ...'......'........75-year-old, e Gerry is a very dancing to old than who enjoys nothing more rock music.
Writing 4 Writea paragraphon haggishurling,usingthe rulesbelow.Tryto userelativeclausesto makeyour longer.ForexamPle: sentences The HaggisHurling Association,which wasfounded peopleto in 1977by RobinDunseath.challenges throw a haggisof a certain weight asfar as they can.
Rules The haggis... rectpe . *orl U. preparedaccordingto the traditional . should be cooled at the time of hurling as . will be inspectedfor illegal firming agentssuch cement m . must not break or split on landing (this results disqualification) . should weigh 500 grams(unior and middle-weight events)or up to 1 kg (heavyweightevent) . should havea maximum diameter of 18 cm and events)' leneth of 22 cm $unior and middle-weight
C O L L E C T O RA SN D C R E A T O R S
What'sin a book? Reading 1 Youaregoing to reada magazinearticleabout the writer Daphnedu Maurier.Six havebeenremovedfrom the article.Choosefrom the sentences A-G the one sentences whichfits eachgap (r-o).Thereis one extrasentencewhich you do not needto use.
Daphne du Maurier
Often seen only as a uriter of popular romctnces, Da.phne du Maurier's utork is mucb more complex than tbat. To m.ark tbe centenary of her birtb tbis month, Patrick McGratb relisbes tbe dark side of ber sbort stories .. .
marriage, whose wifeMidge suddenly Daohne duMaurier wasbornintoa famous unhappy Bizarrely, hestarts to hatea particular London theatrical family, butlived inCornwall dies. treeinhisgarden, ashesees init his formostofherlife,ina large romantic house apple deadwife'smostirritating characteristics, near theseacalled Menabilly, Although she Hedecides never owned it,sheadored living there andit to getridof it once andforall. There Eventually thetreedestroys him,andwe waswhere sheraised herfamily, canbe nodoubt thatMenabilly anditssunoundings understand thatit isthrough hisownbad insoired several ofhernovels andshort stories. feelings towards Midge thathehasbrought DuMaurier enjoyed early success asa writer thisenduoonhimself. a widereadershio Nature induMaurier's stories rarely hasa andcontinued to have effect onhumans, throughout hercareer, withbestsellers such as favourable other thanin thecoming-of-age lhePool, lamaicalnn,TheHouse on and,ot storycalled --ltheStrand place taletakes inthemiddle course, Rebecca Healsoadapted Thisbeautiful lffTherspine-chilling ofsummer intheEnglish countryside. Bya shortstoryTheBirds, 'secret pool, rather woodland notunlike a girlfindsa world'-a nature, choosing to setit innorthern California ina manner thatofthe place Hemingway hunting storylheShort strange underwater withfantastic beings.Ernest thaninitsoriginally wildCornish location. Macomber.liffil-_--l asit isexperiencedHappyLifeof Francis Apparently, Daphne duMaurier hated this [ffiI1---lt'is isnature It istheactions ofthewoman thatare bya child: magical, enchanting andunreal. adaptation. just With the end of childhood, her world especially surprising in du Maurier's tale, secret is Before writing hercollection ofshortstories out of reach for ever. as they are in the Hemingway one. The Applelree,towhichTheBirds belonged, plots, duMaurier hadbeen known forherromantic Ina powerful duMaurier wrote exciting and storycalled TheChamois,we Daphne fiction. Shehadmade hermark inparticular follow washighly skilled atcreating suspense. a husband andwifeastheygoupa innorthern Thetensions lffiiT----l Indeed, withhistorical novels suchasFrenchman's mountain in herlifetime she Greece. more thanthree dozen works of arequickly established, asis /nn.However. TheBirdswas inthemarriage oublished CreekandJamaica history andbiography. A newedition of obsession withhunting thatelusive fiction, notinspi redbythepast. fffi,ilJ----l Arguably, theman's pointforanentire genre hasbeen animal, thechamois. Having reached thetopof Don'tLookNowand)therStories it wasthestarting pass, bytheFolio Society. devoted to narratives aboutnatural disaster. a mountain thecouple aretaken intothe published highregions bya shepherd. Whatfollows in The Applelreecollection waspublished in thestoryreveals thetruthof eachcharacter's lt isabout a maninan 1952. m--_l r.irle{t.5.$-{9155r:iqxi
of TheBirds, thereare Whilethetitlestorylacks thetension inthetreatment of nature. similarities originality. B Notonlythis,shewasalsoa writeroffearless isthepower of herown c Whatsheinfactdiscovers imagination. D Alfred Hitchcock turned thiswonderful taleintoa memorable filmofthesame name.
Thebandages and,to thewoman's areremoved astonishment andhorror, everyone sheseeshastheheadof a na n i m a l . It seemed instead to lookahead to majorenvironmental catastrophe in thenearfuture. involves a guide, a beastand of hisstorysimilarly G Theclimax a qun.
Vocabulary
Listening
2 Find14morewordsto do with books Wordscan be and writing in this wordsearch. horizontalor vertical.
5 $!fu Youwill heara radiointerviewwith a womanwho has done a surveyon attitudesto ebooks.Forquestionsr-7, choosethe bestanswer(A,B or C).
H R L L E R A N E F I t L U S T R A T I o N C T P A o T C L E o V N T R U C X C H A P T E R I H B T L R A N H I L P o N L I CK R Y T U I L o N B I o G R A P H Y T T E N E c W E S N C S Y o H R A o T T F T N L K E E H L M E V E N T A X o R A M I R E V I Ew w E S T o R Y o P L A Y
I The idea of doing a survey on ebooks came from A a market researchcomPany. B a university tutor. C Anna herself. 2 What did Anna find surprising about the survey results? A that some older people worit even try reading ebooks B that her generationaren't entirely positive about
s
ebooks C that middle-aged people complain about the cost of ebooks 3 Anna believesthat the main benefit people attach to ebooksis A the flexibility of being able to searchthrough them. B their availability to those living in remote locations. C the capacity of the hardware to store so many ebooks. ,
Grammar enough,too,very,so,such 3 Correctthe followingsentences. a I havenever read a such long book asthis one. b The story was very complicated that I gaveup. c Hardback books are too much expensive. d Enough books weren't ordered. e I was too sadto hear of the novelist'sdeath' f It was a such exciting plot. g The print in this paperbackisnt enoughbig. h Charactersas theseare quite unusual.
What doesAnna believewill happen in book publishing? A Ebooks will eventually replacehardback publications. B Paperbacksaleswill be the most affectedby ebooks. C Publisherswill take over the selling of downloads.
Anna saysthat the only disadvantageof ebooksto consumersis A the fact that there may be a hidden extra cost involved. 4 Completethe reviewwith so, such,too,veryor B the issueof having to pay for additional unwanted enough. features. C the new threat to health through lack of physical is TheOtdManandtheseaby ErnestHemingway i movement. (l)'.'......'...easytoreadanditisn't(2)..'........'.longabook. to put J 6 What is Anna'sview on the changing position of compelling Youmayfindthestory(3)............. either. youlearnthattheold firstpage, down.On the(a)............. i authors in relation to ebooks? (5)......'...... muchas i manhasgone84dayswithoutcatching A Authors will earn lessmoney as a result of illegal a singlefish. d copying. On that openingpage.almosteverythingabout him is $ (6) .............as the wrinkles ' describedas old - characteristics B Ebooks will encourageauthors who are unpublished on his neck and the many scarson his hands.Interestingly ;: to succeed. (7).-.--...'however.youarealsotoldthathiseyesarenot Few authors will require the servicesof an agent in C 'undefeated'. :' This makesyou old; they are'cheerful'and the future. enonnoussympathyfor the old man.You feel(S)............. soon.before want him to bring homeanotherfish (9) ..........'.. i 7 What is Annds next careermove? old to go out to sea. he becomes(10)............. "; A to set up her own company popularis The main reasonwhy the book is (ll) ..'........" ; .. B to follow up her ebooks research simplestorythat is timeless that it tellsa (12)-........... (r3).....:....:..to appealto peopleof all agesand backsrounds. : C to team up with an interestedfirm
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An applea day o.. Reading 1 Youaregoingto reada newspaperarticleabout how dancingcanbe good for your health.For questionsr-6, choosethe answer(& B,C or D)whichyou thinkfits bestaccordingto the text.
have repofted back school teachers tofocus on.'Several introduced t0anyone whoisinterestedsomething Dance isincreasingly being havebecome children difficult anddisruptive Lottery is to methatnormally reasons. TheNational forbothhealth andrecreational they Ithinkit isbecause ofthelessons. manageable because andregional more asarelocalauthorities funding courses andtraining, them thattheyexcelat,making at school dance havefoundsomething Inaddition, familydoctors areprescribing artsassociations. oftheir themmoreaware Thelessons alsomake and moreconfident. footballers arelearning aboutrhythm t0 patients, andyoung work.' andhowthey isbarely hip-hop lessons, There ahallinthecountry bodies balance through week. ForFlo,whoalready feetevery withthesound ofstamping thatdoesnotshudder herweekly dance keeps fit bydoing aerobics, playa more 0f roleinherlife.'lt'sthetogetherness social Dove, the lessons runsFlo'sclasses, Simon TheYorkshire Dance Centre getyousoinvolved Akeep fitclass doesn't thatisthebest. has dancing andpromoter, saysthatattendance dance centre's organiser fromthelessons years. I seepeople When I gooutshopping Heattributes this withothers. inthelastthree doubled youfeelyouarepart0facommunity.' 34 Andwhata andsayhello. andeasier access. to morechoice ll makes lessons Dance choice thereislThere are35different is Education Authority theHealth isoneofthefiveactivities - everything to promoting fromArabic dancing week every forLifecampaign, andthissummer initscunent Active African sawoneofthefirsthealth American tap,Asian andSouth Egyptian, intheUK,John conferences anddance 'Aerobics regimes Dunbar, andfitness Township dance. level, dance saysthatona fitness oneofthespeakers, 'There wayof canbejustaseffective andsolitary canbe an introspective programme: going running on a as 'People likecoming weretestsdoneintheUSwhere fit,'Simon keeping explains. 30-yeartwopreviously sedentary you herebecause it helps stayfit andengagesoldswereputonfitness programmes, theother oneusingdance, yourmind, youtointeract withothers,' running, enabling People arefarmorelikely werethesame. andtheresults programme, s0inthat rather thana running the 28,is oneof company'st0 keepupdancing Steve Johnson, suitable.' andintroduceswayitcanbemore teachers. Hegoesintoschools He So,if you're kidsto jaz, streetdanceandhip-hop. you classes nearwhere to have dance lucky enough it gives them live,myadvice thinks thatforthelessacademic, ago! betohave toyouwould
I The dance classesare being paid for by A the participants themselves. B a variety of public bodies. C family health centres. D local sports centres. 2 What does Simon say about the dance classesin the secondparagraph? A Sorrieare more popular than others. B They are the quickestway to make friends. C They are a very sociableway to exercise. D There is no limit to the number you can take. 3 Steve|ohnson believesthat dance A is suitable for the lessactive type of child. B has grown in popularity in lessacademic schools. C can be taught by ordinary school teachers. D helps children who have low self-esteem.
4 Flo enjoys going to dance classesbecause A they make her feel more relaxed than other classes. B they provide her with a senseof belonging. C they allow her to meet people from outside the area. D they have enabledher to get over her shyness. 'It' 5 What does refer to in line 34? A dancing B a community C keeping fit D the social role 6 According to |ohn Dunbar, dancing A is much better for you than running. B needsto be done regularly to be effective. C has most effect on the health of older people. D motivates people more than running.
3 Headvisedmetodosomeweighttraining. WERE 'If do some ...................... weight trainingi he said. 'Why 4 dont we go for a walk next weekend?' Anne said. SUGGESTED
VOCabUIafy 2 Makethe changeindicatedto the words below and then readthrough the text in r to checkyou are correct' Forexample: region (adjective) = regional
the following weekend'
b choose(noun) c fit (noun) d disrupt (adjective)
5 Your teeth need checking regularly. HAVE
e manage f confidence(adjective)=........................ g week (adjective) h society (adjective) i effect (adjective)
regularly' 6 I would strongly adviseyou to get your blood Pressurechecked. TIME
j
pressurechecked'
3 Findten morewordsto do with healthin this wordsearch.Somewords are parts of the body and othersareconnectedwith doctorsand hospitals. Wordscanbe horizontal,verticalor diagonal. They may run forwardsor backwards.
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T B K A B o R M N W T o E N D T X I F S D A c H D P V N T I o N
Writing
S
T K
5 In your Englishclassyou havebeentalking about healthand fitness.Now your Englishteacherhas askedyou to write an essay.
N
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Writean essayusingall the notesand give reasons for your point of view.
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ti !| ll fl !l il * tr n { r, rf rt $ { $ ti ll li '$, JtJ[,# .dt,&S & & & ,$.$' ;&& #, &,,JiS #' .
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i . $ : :: lt's really difficult to keep fit and healthy nowadays. j;, Do you agree? : $,
Grammar
:
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:
4 Completethe secondsentencesothat it hasa similar meaningto the first sentence,usingthe word given. Do not changethe word given.Youmust usebetween two and five words,includingthe word given. I You really should try to stop smoking. HIGH smoking. It's ..................... 2 What do you think I should do? ADVISE Wha1..............
7 It's not a good idea to sit in the sun for too long' BETTER You """"""""" """"""'-'t""""-""in the sun for too long'
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Notes : Writeabout:
,,
1. food
I
2. leisure 3.
:*: I $,
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.'$i (yourown idea) ..............
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Writeyour essayin 14o-19owords.
....... do?
A N A P P L EA D A Y . . .
No placeto hide Listening 1 t4fl Youwill heara studentcalledDantalking about the famousdetectiveSherlockHolmes,who was createdby the writer SirArthur ConanDoyle.For with a word questionsr-ro, completethe sentences or short phrase. Dan saysConan Doyle studied (1) at the University of Edinburgh. Conan Doyle basedSherlock Holmes on a (2) ..................... he had met when he was a student. Conan Doyle was particularly impressedby wax modelsofwell-known(3).....................which he saw on a visit to London. Conan Doyle'sfirst story about SherlockHolmes waspublishedin a (4)..................... in 1887. Dan saysthat, in the stories,SherlockHolmes seemsto know a lot about the subiectof
(s)..................... SherlockHolmes used forensic medicine, especially to find criminals. things like (6) ........... Dan is surprised that Sherlock Holmes had a (7) ..................... which he usedto look for evidence. Dan saysthat some fans of SherlockHolmes find it strangethat they no longer find (S)..................... in London. Later in his life, Conan Doyle wanted to concentrateonwriting(9).....................fiction. Dan saysthat the Sherlock Holmes Museum is is interestingbut that the (f 0) ........... wrong for the period.
Vocabulary
Writing
Grammar 3 Forquestionsr-8, readthe text belowand think of the word which bestfits eachgap.Useonly one word in eachgap.Thereis an exampleat the beginning(0).
.
iAbad experrence
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you know, I'm a memberof the city choir and we meeteveryWednesdayto practise.Well, two weeks ago I went to the rehearsalasusual.However,on the way to the bus stop a young woman stoppedme and askedme for directionsto a local park. I thought it wasrather strangeas it wasalreadydark and the ........... definitelybe closed. park (4) Anyway,asI wastelling her shepushedme over and ran off with my handbag.I was (5) shockedI didn't know what to do. A few minutes ................... a few later,althoughit felt (6) ... hours,someonecamealong the streetand sawme (7) . ........ theground.Theywerevery the local policestation.I told me to helpfuland took the policewhat had happenedbut they think there's ........... chanceof my gettingmy very (S) bag back, unfortunately.
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My fauily and I would love to cor.ae
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Thank you (0).LQB. the photosyou sentme of our holiday together.It wasgreatto remember (l) a goodtimewe had, . especiallyas I've not had a very happy time
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Readthroughthis articleon graphology,and correct it. Therearerz spellingerrors.
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2 or infinitives Gerunds wherenecessary. 4 Correctthe followingsentences a He suggestedto buy a detectivenovel. b I look forward to hear the resultsof the case. c I enjoy watching American cop programmes. d The burglar alarm needslook at. e Let me giving you a description of the mugger. f The prisonerswere made to sewmail bags. g I cant afford taking a taxi all the time just to avoid the underground. The tourist was accustomedto drive his car faster in his country. You are not allowed dropping litter on the street. I Id like reporting a burglary. k She'stoo young to drive a car.
raphology is the study and f-l of handwriting in order t l,analysis \r, to asess the writer's personality. In crime detection, graphology is used to determine the authenticify of a signature or docuement, such as a will or a manuscript, witout concern for the writer's personality. Graphologists need at least a full-page ink specimen, writen spontaneously under normal phisical conditions,by a person able to write with ease. Before the analysis, the graphologist must know the writer's age, sex and nationality, none of wich is revealed by the writing itself. Handwriting consits of measureable elements, such as slant and size, and of descriptive elements, such as letter form and tendencies to the right and left. Howeveq allthough the results of handwriting analysis sometimes correspond impresively with experimental evidence, graphology has still not been fully acepted as a legitimate branch of phsychology.
t
N O P L A C ET O H I D E
Urbandecay,suburbanhell Reading 1 Readthisarticlequickly,ignoringthe missingsentences. Decidewhichof the descriptions belowbestsummarises its content. a A guide to amenitiesin the modern city b The changing patterns in city lifestyles c Opening hours for shoppingin somecities
Time and the city
In modern cities, it is now time as much as space that separatesurban functions.as people'slives are lived not only to different timetables,but also at wildly different rates.The masstimetableof the industrial city, with its factory sirensfor the men at dawn and dusk, 9-5 officehours for the women and silent Sundays. has gone. In its place is flexltime, part-time working, Sunday shopping and the 24-hourcity. European cities are responding to these changes perhaps faster than British cities.In at leasthall a dozencitiesin ltaly. for example, you will find the ffici Tempi - the Offices of Time. What itrey ao is try to reorganisetime more flexibly in the city, in order to meet new needs.I-]---l Usually located in the Mayor's offlce, the Uffici Tempi bnng together transport providers, shop-owners,employers.trade unions the police and other servicesto see how their efforts might be bitter harmonised. The main aim in all this is to incr;se the efficiency and productivity of the city. This can mean staggering the starting times in schools, offices and factories to avoid rush hours, or having shops opening later in the day but closing later too. fdl---_l ln a number of German cities, people have been debating whether the timetable of the future city should be 6 x 6 or 4 x 9 - working hourg that ir. l,E[--l This would give employeesmore time in the aftern66iiTo b-ewith children or to get the shopping. In Britain, public leisure provision was one of the earliest sectors to respond -lThe to the need to adapt to changing time patterns.f4.l Oasisleisurecenirein Swindon,from which the rock band took its name,has operateda 20-hour day. sevendays a week,for at leasta decade. After all. who likes working eveningsor Sundays? l=l---_l NGrt-hetess. many city centresur. nt* op.n fo, shopping seven days a week, and a number of them now promote themselvesas '24-hour cities', where those with money can drink, eat, danceand evenshop the whole night. Time is flexible,but buildings aren't. [6T--l Adaptability has become the key skill. We are slowly abandoning the terminologyof dormitory suburbsand industrialdistricts,in favourof mixed-useareas.out-of-rownretailingand working from home. There is no doubt that planning theory is being challengedby the changingnature of time ln ttre moAerncity.
Now choosefrom the sentences A-G the one whichfits eachgap (1-6). Thereis one extra sentencewhich you do not need. One further benefit is that there can be more police about in the evening, patrolling the streets when peoplemost needthem. Apparently male workers favour a four-day week, while women workers, on the other hand, favour six shorter working days. The need for public services to adapt to our changing lifestyles has been quite difficult for some of the staff involved.
These time shifts aren't always beneficial and can lead to conflict betweenhouseholds. It is interesting how often in modern consumer societies it is this industry which seems to anticipate or forecast social change. The mismatch between the fabric of the city and its uses, over time, is a serious architectural and planning problem.
This is particularly relevant for Italian women, an increasing number of whom have to balance two timetables:work and home.
3 Findwordsin the articleto completethis table.
Vocabulary Wordformation 5 Forquestionsr-8, readthe text below.Usethe word givenin capitalsat the end of someof the linesto form a word that fits in the gap in the sameline. Thereis an exampleat the beginning(0).
KEEPING CITY CENTRESALTVE Citycentres aredynamic andchange is
(0)._\IN_4_Y..9IP_AP-!_8., Thisis
Grammar Mixedconditionals 4 Matchthe two halvesof thesesentences and then saywhich onesare mixedconditionals. I If Carmen wasnt so rude, 2 If I had more spacein this flat, 3 If you hadnt grabbedthat waiter, 4 If we had booked the flight earlier, 5 Ifthe council had gone ahead, 6 If they lived closer to us, a we would still be waiting to order. b I would havevisited them. c I would buy a grand piano. d severalpeople would be out of a job. e I would have gone to her party. f we would have got a good reduction.
particularly truenowadays, whennewoutof-town complexes arethreatening the (l) ... ......... ............. ofold,established EXIST (2) ................................ shops. Acentral is LOCATE n0longer asattractive tothepublic, dueto trafficproblems andparking restrictions, (3) ................................ Themost citycentres SUCGESS aretheonesthatevolve tomeetthenew (4)............................ oftheir users. REOUIRE private A local council mayneed toseek (5). . . ....... . . . ............ inorder t0payforthe FUND (6) . ....................... complete ofthecity GENERATE centre. Government helpis,atthemoment, (7)..... . .................. tobeavailable, LIKE although thispolicy maywellbe (8)........................... inthefuture. CONSIDER
U R B A N D E C A Y ,S U B U R B A NH E L L
A worldof music Vocabulary 1 Forquestionsr-8, readthe text belowand decidewhich answer(A,B,C or D) bestfits eachgap.Thereis an exampleat the beginning(0). Example: 0 Acrammed Answer: A
Bfilled
C pressed
D placed
(0) lmagine having a fullorchestra intoyourhouse. Fora start,withsomanypeople, it wouldgetverystuffyindeed. (f Thepatience of tn. ) ............. would,oon*.rr, ,hin.Rlro,yo, wouldneedearplugs forthepercusion, andthebrass section wouldprobably drinkeverything inyowfridge. An'acceptable (2) piece alternative is .....-...... bythesampler, a of equipment that records, ediuandmixes a widevariety of sounds electronically themusical equiva.lent of a wordprocessor. Thesampler canalterthelength of sounds; forexample, it can (3) . ... . downthehuman voice to create something very unusual. Another feature isthattherecorded sound canbe u:rlll pitch thewoofof a smalldogcanbe lTk ::l (5) ......... intoa Barkprelude andfugue! 'synth-pop' (6) ............. 1980s extensive useof thesampler.'lt was 'stabs': customary to include orchestral a single, short(7) . , . fromanentiresymphony orchestra inside a tinbox.Then hip-hop (8) music ............. andpeople started using thesatnpler forrhythrir, stealing fourbarsof drumming offanoldrecord to provide the backbeat fora wholesong.lt couldbesaidthatthesampler.is every gives instrument andnone, butit certainly endless.possibi{ities t0
musicians everywhere. ;:l.:lt:ti;:r;tlrt:ri :r,,r.::.ri; ttt:::::tl,:.'t,::.::i::,.:::il:,1;,
I A controller ) A handled 3 A cut 4 A carried 5 A got 6 A did 7 A note 8 A caused
B governor B offered B hold B gone B turned B put B key B became
C driver C shown C slow C played C exchanged C drew C sign C happened
D conductor D suggested D keep D run D set D made D remark D produced
Findthe odd word out in eachof the setsa-h, giving reasonsfor your answers. a cello harp performance oboe b violinist pianist flautist conductor c gig rehearsal concert show d piece ky sonata symphony e improvise compose perform play f duo soloist quartet orchestra g venue hall room stage h wind strings cello percussion
Writing put 3 Readthe followingarticleabout liveconcerts.Then (r-6) gaps clausesA-G into the correct in the article.Thereis one extraclause,whichyou do not needto use.
There'ssomething very specioloboutgoing to q live concert.AlthoughCDsorewonderful, ollowingyou to listento your fovouritebond in thecomfortof your own home,theyconnotcreotethetrueotmosphere of o live (1) ... .. or bookedthemonlinemonths performonce. before,you get thesomefeelingof excitement whenyou finollymokeit intotheconcertvenue.(2) ............. , you eventuolly seethe rood crew leovethestoge.(3) ............. , witheveryone oroundyouyellingond screoming, os the musicions comeon stoge?(4) ........ , you soongetcorried owoy by the rhythmond powerof the music.(5) ............ , theoudienceoroundyou rocksond swoysto the beotof eochsong.(6) ........., you stompyourfeetond shoutfor more,ond ore rewordedot lostby thesightof the bond runningbockon stogefor thotfinol encore.Give me live musiceverytimel n:d!35$!$p3:s,
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A How con you keepstillofterthot B Evenif it is notyourfovouritebond C Whetheryou hovequeuedup for tickets D And when it seemsto be over E Stonding with thousonds of otherfons F Likepowerfulwovesoul ot seo G Thisis doublytrueihen
Listening 4 {l$E you witl hearpeopletalking in six differentsituations.Forquestionsr-6, choose the bestanswer(A,B or C). I You hear a professionalmusician talking about his work. What type of music does he play? A rock B jazz C classical You hear a man and a woman talking about a band. What does the woman say about their latest album? A Sherecognisesa lot ofthe tunes. B Shefinds the words of the songs interesting. C Shethinks the album is better than their last one. You hear a boy and a girl talking about their guitar lessons.What is the boys problem? , A He feelshe isnt improving enough. B He believesthe lessonsarent long enough. C He wonders whether he is doing enough practice. You hear part of a radio interview with a female singer.Where do most of her current earningscome from? A her solo albums B her advertising work C her concert performances You hear a composertalking about his latestwork. The biggestinfluence on this piece of music was A the soundsofcitystreets. B the ideas of his students. C the countryside of his youth. You hear a man and a woman talking about an open-mic night. Who was the best performer at this week'sevent? A a violinist B a bassguitarist C a keyboard player
A W O R T DO F M U S I C
Unexpectedevents Vocabulary 1 Findnine morewordsto do with weatherin Wordscan be horizontalor this wordsearch. vertical. Y L
I
F
Z T V
L
H H
o
T N
T
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G
U T N K R
o
G H
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o w S
o X U S T o R M A
F
a K o U I
L
o Z N I
D S H
D
K E E
o w E R A
a I R E D N
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o R
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A H
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D R
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A N E E
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Reading
P
with the Now completethesesentences pluralforms if wordsyou havefound.Use necessary.
Beforeyou readthe text on page49,think about the following questionsand decidewhetherthey aretrue or false. a There is a fair chanceyou will be struck by lightning. b Many forest fires are started by lightning. c You must keep awayfrom trees if there is a chanceof lightning striking. d If you are caught in a storm, you should crouch down as low as possibleon the ground. Now skimthe text quicklyto seeif you canfind the answersto the questionsabove. Forquestions1-1o,choosefrom the sections(A-F).Thesections t may be chosenmorethan once.
are given men and a Many women'snames.
Which section talks about a gadget?
ffi----l
came down so heavilY b The my car was completely last night that buried. in the of .......................' c Liz sawa........................ sky abovethe mountain.
mentions a person who only seemed unharmed on the outside?
ffi-l
is d On the radio it saidthat a....................'... you. likely so I wouldnt go out if I were e I was woken up by the sound of small hitting my window. are f Takean umbrella - ....................'... later. expected g Their brother alwayshides under the bed when he hearsthe sound of h Can we alwavs relv on the weather water level didnt After the ........................the go down for a few weeks.
mentions victims being in an enclosedspace? mentions a myth?
ffi-l Effi----l
describeshow someonefelt when they were struck?
ffi-_l
mentions possiblewarning signs of a lightning strike?
$ffi-l
blameslightning for certain natural disasters?
ffi.---l
recommendsthe best Position to get into?
ffi-l
mentions keeping souvenirsof being hit?
ffi----l
mentions someonewho made a discovery about lightning?
ffi--l
f^'',rslt',,Vo5l struck tripwhenlightning wasona camping AnneBriqht LynMiller's ) Lizzie all butdestroyed 'Thefeeling A Threeyearsagoa boltof lightning I 'There sitting' was she where to travelled then and a tree a was inside' housein Aberdeenwithhertwo children ground' 'My I the above rising I feltasif I was ootis hardto explain. experience' thetenifying shesays,recalling huqerainstorm,' I was bums' had and hurt really shoulder iouldn'tmoveandmy workingto stopfloodwater desperately andI wereoutside bro:ther that I waswearing forfivedays.I stillkeeptheclothes inhospital I wasthrownto theground Suddenly fromcominqin the house' and my trousers in it and hole jacket black large a has My day. the roof and bang.WhenI pickedmyselfup,the bv an enorfious justmelted.' socks Thedoorwas hadbeendemolished. ofthehouse storey upper entire was USA, Carolina, fromSouth the children' found electrician in and way a retired our forced E Harold Deal, we but bvrubble, blocked but unhurt, 26yearsago.Hewasapparently LaterI wastoldthatbeingstruckbylightning struckbylightning unharmed. thankfullv part oraln 0l ile the in at onechance thatthestrikehaddamaged ln fact,it'scalculated it lateremerged in a million.' is a chance Sincethenthe of temperature' anorganisation whichcontrols the sensation so,DrMarkKeysofAERTechnology, Even 600.000. since Harold, bothered haven't you sensible' be winters should Carolina thinks South lightning, freezing of theeffects thatmonitors 'l wouldn't person'' to feelthecold. unable gooutin a storm- butthenI'mquitea careful heiscompletely ina stormt0 to becaught enough whoisunlucky ofcowsandsheep anvone Headvises too.Hundreds oflightning arevictims F Animals yourself as making ball, andcurlupintoa trees'InEast getdownontheground theygounder year, because largely arekilledevery bythe smallasPossible. Anoliain 1918,504sheepwerekilledinstantaneously through ground travelled and sheer of displays thathitthe mostawesome saireboltof lightning is one of nature's B Liohtnino more forstarting father is alsoresponsible it wasZeus, thought Greeks pi*.t fttowonder theentireflock.Lightning theancient years.ago, year world-wide. 250 fires each in anger. forest around 10,000 gods, than thunderbolts throwing of the proved maI andstatesman, scientist theAmerican Franklin, Beniamin a stilllack complete butscientists is a formof electricity, lighining of howit works' understanding maystrike.Positive trat lightning areindications there 0ccasionally c may spires tromtreesorchurch upwards streaming charqes electical And end' people's on stand hair can qlowandmake and a buzingnoise, USA in the company glad that a know you'll to you be fearlightning, i it up whichcandetect detector lightning a hand-held hasmanufactured sbrm'sappmach' toneandmonitortfre awaming sound to70kmaway,
Findwordsin the text which arethe oppositeof thesewords.Theyareall in the orderyou readthem' a outside b forgetting c tiny d lower e irresponsible f fortunate g partial h frequently i negative
Grammar I wish/ lf only if necessary' 7 Correctthe followingsentences, a I hope I would seeYou soon. b I wish I would go to visit You. c Mary said shewished shehad been able to come to your party last weekend' d I hope your family are well' e If only you manageto give up smoking, just think of the money You'dsave. f I hope the weather would stay nice for you' g I wish my sisterwould come and seeme
j boiling
I
,
sometime. I wish I havent seenthat film about earthquakes - I cant sleePat night now. I wish to inform you of my move to a new job' Dave wisheshe knows more about earthquakes'
U N E X P E C T EE DV E N T S
Anythingfor a laugh Vocabulary Wordformation 1
For questions r-8, read the text below. Use the word in capitals at the end of some of the lines to form a word that fits in the gap in the same line.Thereis an example at the beginning (0).
RED NOSE DAY RedNoseDay is one of Britain'smost (0),'$g--qpJ$$.fpl:.events,raisingmoney for good causes.lt is organised,b'y,the chat'ityComjc,Reliefand takes pladeirr March.Manywell-known(l) take part,as well as actors, p-ersonalities rnusicians, TV the singerJessieJ and oth€rc€l€brities. One,year, ..... sum of moneyby all her hair and raiseda (2) ............ :li":1,:_T oorng rnar.
ru*tto COMEDY SUBIrANCE
ENTERTAIN In additionto a greatevening's(3).........,.,.. on TV on the day itself, there are many proqramms56nd.l'iveeventsin the weeksleadingup to RedNose Day.At schoolsand colleges, studentsdo sillythingsfor cash,like sittingin a SAIIIE : orcanise,(4) -.-.-.,-...r...,..........-............ bath fullof cold bakedbeanslMa,py,wolkp,faces sell the famousr.ednoses , stuntsand ddnatemoney:Shopsand su.permarkets ,' ,, PRODUC€ and other (5) .....,..................................:.......such as red hair dye and badges. Throughshort documentaryfi]ms,TV,{6},:::,,. . ............-.-............. learhhow the I : money raisedin previousy€a{shas helped,Comic Reliefto makea real (7)..-........ t o p e o p l ei n n e e d ,b o t hi n B r i t a i n a n d i n A f r i c aS . ome positive of the storiesshownare shocking,but the:message one , is atwaysa andtherearemanyhappy(8)...''..''..'. a greatdealby makingpeoplelaugh.
2 Fillin the missingwordsin thesejokesto do with crime. a Dont you know that crime doesnt - I know but the hours are good. I b Order. order in the - Thankyou, fudge.I'll havea ham and cheeseon
rye bread. He went to jail for somethinghe didnt do - he didnt ...........his taxes! Are you guilty or ...........gui1ty? - That seemsa rather personal question, |udge!
vtEw DIFFERENT Et'lD
Listening f
{+1fuYouwill hearan interviewwith a comedian calledKateGordon.Forquestionsr-7, choosethe bestanswer(& B or C). I Kate'srecent award is for A her TV writing. B her live comedy act. C her part in a radio show. 2 As a female comedian, Kate A believesthat it is important to find the right venue. B finds it hard to combine her work with her family. C acceptsthat it is still an unequal profession.
Grammar 4 Completethe secondsentenceso that it hasa similarmeaningto the first sentence,usingthe word given.Do not changethe word given.Youmust use betweentwo and five words,including the word given. I How can you stand thesetastelessjokes? PUT How can you.................. thesetastelessjokes? 2 I prefer to seelive comedy instead of watching TV recordings of it. THAN I would
.....................watch
3 What does Kate say about writing new material? A It needsto be revised following its first performance. B It can be good to basejokes around a particular audience. C It shouldnt take her as much time to develop as it does.
3 The flight attendant told us to shut down our computers in preparation for landing.
How does Kate find her best ideasfor jokes? A by searchingon the internet B by asking her friends things C by watching people carefully
4 The customsofficer demandedto know what
What is Kate'sattitude to a possiblecareerin film? A Shewould prefer to work with an experienced director. B Shehas concernsabout the quality of many film scripts. C Shefeelsunsure whether such a large team would be fun.
TV recordings of it.
OFF We were told by the flight attepdant to the plane was preparing to land.
was in his suitcase. INSISTED The customsofficer of his suitcase. His bosstold him he was fired and ordered him to leaveimmediately. GOT His boss told him he and said he
Kate getsmost nervous when performing A in a small club. B at her local theatre. C in the open air. lVhat advice would Kate give about starting in comedy? A watch a lot of comedy shows B practiseyour material at home C get in front of an audienceearly on
should leaveimmediately. I'd prefer to get going now, before it gets dark. RATHER I .......................... ........................ until it gets going dark, so I'll get now
A N Y T H I N GF O R A L A U G H
Answersand recordingscripts Unit 2 Listening
untt I Vocabulary Spellcheck
I l D
I hairstyle;outrageous;jewellery (or jewelry'in US English); bracelets;earrings;expensive;exciting;suits; fashion-conscious;different 2 a imagine b beautiful c brilliant d beginning
e f g h
writer apologise disappointed Happiness
2 G
3 H
4 E
5 B
Recording script igi{till Youwill hearfive short extractsin whichpeopleare talking aboutcomputergames.For questions1-5, choose from the lkt (A-H) thejob of eachperson.IJsethe lettersonly once. Thereare threeextraletterswhichyou do not needto use. Younow have30 seconds to lookat thequations.
Phrasalverbs
Speaker1
3 a keep up with b pulled on c get awaywith; smarten... up d dressedup; stood out e put together
The trend in societyis to labelcomputergamesasmindless and anti-social,but I dont sharethat view.Many of the problemteenagers ft need to developrelationshipsand improvetheir socialskills. Introducing computergamesin an earllrsessionoften allowsme to getthrough to thesekids and to win their confidence.I alsofind that playingthesegamesoften makesthem feelbetterabout themselves, and that is so important. I
Reading 4 They datefrom 1886. 5 a False- there is one other pair, accordingto the text b False- he paid evenmore for them c True - the companyhistorian d False- theyhave a leatherpatch e Tiue f True 6 oldest;the most expensive;the highest;the most important 7 a excessive bordinary d delighted e frayed
cappropriately f remarkably
Grammar Comparison 8 b Flat shoesare more comfortablethan high-heeledones. c Ieansare more casualthan trousers. d Supermodelsare thinner than other people. e Lily Cole is youngerthan KateMoss. f New York is biggerthan SanFrancisco. g foggingis lessdangerousthan bungee-jumping. h Clubbingis more/lesstiring than studying. 9 a not as cheapas b not as difficult as c not asfast as
A N S W E R SA N D R E C O R D I N G SCRIPTS
Speaker2 Somegamesarevery violent and have extremelygraphic content- lots ofblood and gunfire.I worry aboutwhat that might be doing to a youngpersonwho alreadyhas emotionalissuesof somekind. I know the evidenceisrlt conclusive,but someofthe problemcasesI haveto deal with in my classroomreally makeme think that therecould be a link betweenviolent gamesand aggressive behaviour. j Speaker I neverplayedcomputergamesmuch myselfwhen I was young.The kids I look after areonly eight and ten, and I feelit's not good for them to be exposedto so much violence.But their mum and dad let them pla)'with this stuff at the weekends.so I'm in a rather tricky position.It's alwayseasierwhen the weather'sgood and we can get out to the park to play football,but on a rainy afternoon,I find it hard to sayno sometimes. Speaker4 My job'sgreat!I ve alwaysbeeninto Mangaand cartoons, so working on the visual sideof all thesefantasticnew gameswele developingis pure fun! We often work late to finish a projectand it can take agesgettinga particular imageright, but it's greatwhen you finally succeed.I'd like to move into animationwork in the future and they may be willing to sendme on a training coursefor that someday.
Speaker5 Im a bit of a nerd, I guess.I taughtmyselfprogramming languagewhen I was barely into my teensand did computer scienceat uni. Steveand I startedthe companytwo yearsago and now there are five ofus: Debra is our sales managerand we havetwo anazingguys for the graphics, who work hard to guaranteeour gameslook better than the rest. Stevegeneratesmost of the creativeideas,I come up with all the proerammine solutions and then the art team doesthe business!
2 board games 3 a business bappreciate cinterrupting d working out problems e chance f limit g keen h plonk
Grammar Reviewof presenttenses 4 Suggested verbs a5 says;are rising bl believq offer c3 are spending;means d4 arc stopping;think e2 seem;involve know 2like 3keeps 4realises/knows 5 forgets/hates 6 hate 7 likes 8 sounds 9 understands l0 wish
Vocabulary 6 Verticalword: internet I graphics 2 clone 4 opponent 5 version 7 solve 8 effects
3 adventure 6 weapons
7 a anti-social bmessy cdemanding d aggressive e sophisticated
Unit 3 Vocabulary I a cruise btourists cferry d yacht e hotels f harbour g cabin h travel agent i flight
Phr'asalverbs 2 f 6 a
3 a feel like d ring up
e f g h
let had to neednt isnt permitted
Prepositions of location 6 I off 2in 3on 4 on 5 across/over 6 round/around 7 on 8in 10to 9to
3 b 7 c
4 e 8 d
b depart for c put up with e recovering from f continue
4 a Formal, written b Informal, written c Formal,written d Formal,spoken e Informal, spoken
I a Africa b SanDiego c the silver-maneddrill monkey
d four
e eight
Guessing unknownwords 3 a to restart/ start againwith a new population of animals b beginning c no longer on Earth d a discovery/ significantdevelopment e to make/grow f stored/kept g metal containers h edge I i a small pool of water j seeing
Listening 4 I insects 2 biology 3 pandas 4 rain/wet (weather) 5 food 6 talks 7 finger 8 radio 9 teachers 10 China
Recordingscript S!ffi Youwill hear a zoo keepercalledHelena Tomkins,talking abouther work.For questions1-10, completethesentences with a word or shortphrase. Younow have45 secondsto look at the questions.
Travelquiz
2 L g 5 h
5 a haveto / must b haveto / must c dont have to d need
Unit 4 Reading
Reading
5l
Grammar Obligation, necessity andpermission
f g h i j
Formal, spoken Formal, written Informal/semi-formal,written Informal, spoken Informal, spoken
Helena: Hello. Thank you for inviting me here to talk to you today. I ve wanted to work with animals ever since I wasfour or five yearsold. What really interestedme wasnot looking after catsor dogslike other children, but lying in the long grasswatchinginsects.That interest in nature stayedwith me throughout my childhood and when fairly young,I decidedto becomea zoo keeper. In order to achievemy aim I had to work hard to get into university. I did biology, though for my job you can do a variety of different degreesaslong as they have someconnectionwith animals- things like zoology obviously, and psychology and animal scienceare fine too. When you'reappointedasa zoo keeper,you generally work with just one speciesof animal.I worked with the sealions for a couple of yearsbut for the last few months Ive beenin chargeof the p11das,which is particularly
A N S W E R SA N D R E C O R D I N GS C R I P T S
excitingasthey'rean endangeredspeciesand we havea specialbreedingprogrammein place. There aresomedownsidesto being a zoo keeper.We sometimeshaveto work quite long hours,sometimesall night, especiallyin the hospitalwhen an animal'ssick, but I dont really mind that asit's part of the job. What doesget me, however,is the rain. It's quite hard to make yourselfgo outsidewhen it's wet. Eventhe animalsdont like it! My typical day usuallystartsaround sevenotlock. I guessthe main task I havein the morning is getting the food ready,I don't cleanout the enclosures.Someone elseis responsiblefor that. Then, in the afternoon, I write up health reportsor assistwith any medical procedures.On Saturdaysand WednesdaysI also do talks,but that'sonly in the summerwhen we havea lot of visitors. In the winter it's obviously much quieter and I can get more involvedin researchprojects. The animalsI look after can be dangerousso you need to take carewhen you're around them. Early on in my career,a monkey bit my finger but I only neededa few stitches.SomeoneelseI worked with had his arm bitten by a tigea so I ve beenlucky! That sort of thing doesnt happenvery often though, I'm pleasedto say! I dont haveto carry a stick or anythingto protect myself, but what you do haveto havewith you is a radio and if we get on that, someone'llcomerunning immediately. It's alwaysgood to know that there are other peoplearound to give you a hand ifthings get difficult with an animal. The visitors are usuallygreat,especiallythe children. The peoplewho do irritate me though are sometimes the teacherswho bring their classto the zoo. They often dont spendenoughtime talking to their pupils, explainingabout eachanimal. I think they seeit as a day out really. It's a pity as it's a missed opportunity I alwaysthink. As to the future, you do get attachedto the animals youre looking after,so it would be hard for me to leavethem at the moment. Howeve! there are a couple of things I might do in the future. I've beenoffered the chanceto go to China next spring to seehow my animalsbehavein the wild. There'salsoa possibilityof going to the USA to work on a breedingproject,but that'snot going to happenfor a few yearsyet. I do hopewhat I've told you hasgivenyou someinsight into what I do. I can definitelyrecommendbeing a zoo keeper!
6 a duty-free bcross-eyed clong-distance d absent-minded e hand-made f first-class o second-class/second-hand h self-catering/self-made D I right-handediright-hand/right-minded / a hand-made/second-hand blong-distance c second-hand d cross-eyed/absent-minded/right-handed e duty-free ffirst-class/second-class gself-catering
Unit 5 Vocabulary l
l disaster 4 earlier 7 worried l0 thought 13 conditions
3 dreadful 6 unhelpful 9 surprised 12 spend 15 refund
2compensation 5 worse 8 opposite 11 meant 14 stiff
Grammar of pasttenses Review blow
blew
blown
find
found
found
grab
grabbed
grabbed held
I
hold
held
keep
kept
kept
realise
realised
realised
shake
shook
shaken
sink
sank
sunk
try
tried
tried
wave
waved
waved
3 I saw 5 happened
2 knew 6 went
3 had taken 7 realised
4 tried 8 had interfered
endings Suggested a The cliff wasgettingnearerand nearer,so Harry threw himself out of the window and landed on the ground, unharmed.The car went over the cliff. b He swervedinto a field on his left and noticedthe largest pile of hay he had everseen.He thought quickly.He drove into the haystackand thankfully survived. c Harry went to piecesand screamedand shoutedasthe car went over the cliff. It landed200 metresbelow and burst into flames,with Harry inside.
Reading 4 1 F 9 F
2 E 3 B T O D
4 A
5 F
6 B
4 B
5 C
6 C
Unit 6 Listening
Grammar as andlike 5 a as (well) as b like glike e as fas
Compoundadjectives
c like
d as
SCRIPTS A N S W E R SA N D R E C O R D I N G
I I A
2 C
3 B
7 C
8 D
Recording script si$M Youwill hearpeopletalkingin sk dffirent situations.For questions1-6, choosethe bestanswer(A, B or C). Question1 Youheara man tellinga womanabout a new musical. Man: I've just beento seethat new musicalthat everyone's talking about. Woman: Oh really,and is the plot as good aspeoplesay?I think the writer haswon awardsfor his earlierwork. Man: Yeah,and it's not bad at all, althoughthere are one or two bits that didnt work, which I got rather irritated by. For me, what stood out wasthe peopleplaying the two Ieadineroles.They were excellent,which is more than can be said for the songs.I found them unimpressivefor the most part, just one clich6after another. Woman: Well, it soundsas if I should go and seeit sometime,anyway. [The recordingis repeated.] Question2 Youheara womantalkingabouta hotel. Woman: This five-star hotel may not be affordablefor most of us, but it's frequently chosenby the rich and famous,who love to be photographedthere. The hotel hasbeenredevelopedby one of the world'smost talented designers,and everyroom showsevidenceofhis style and flair. I was taken to the library for tea where I spent ageslooking at the hugecollectionofleather-bound booksdisplayedfloor to ceilingon the longestwalls. But when I tried to take one down, I realisedthat they were all fake! A library with unreadablebooks seemsa departure from good tasteto me, and I would personally knock a starofffor it! [The recordingis repeated.] Questionj Youheara girl and a boy talkingabout beingfamous. GirL So what would you find hard about your life if you becamea superstarone day,a big footballermaybe?I hope you'dstill treat me the sameway! Boy: Of courseI would, fackie,friendshipsdont change.I dunno, arethere any drawbacks?You could basicallyhave whateveryou wanted . . . a nice car,a big house. .. You'd haveplenty of money coming in and everyonewould make a big fussof you, wouldnt they? Girt I supposeyou re right but you canhavetoo much attention,you know.And what aboutthe publicity?Itl hate that sideof it. lmaeineqoineout to the shopsand havine photographersfollowing you down the street.What a hassle! Boy: Thatil be fun! I'm sureyou'dget usedto it, an).way. It's part of the lifestyle. [The recordingis repeated.]
Question4 Youhearan interviewaboutswimwear. Interviewer: I m with Liam O Neill, and we'resurrounded by his latestrangeof swimwearthat'scauseda real sensationhere atthe ClothesShow.Liam, why do you thinkyouve doneso well this year? Liam: It's unbelievable,isn t it? . . . I dunno, it's kind of strange.The new storeshavecreateda lot of interest throughout the country and I guesspeoplewantedto comeand seefor themselves. Interviewer: Liam, your displayis most impressive- how did you move all that sand? Liam: We had three lorries driving through the night to get here - it just wouldnt be right to launch swimwear without the beach! [The recordingis repeated.] Question5 Youheara wornantalkingon thephone. Woman: Hello, is that the newsdeskof the Daily Times?Yes, I m ringing with someinformation . . . you see,I'm a close friend of HeatherWoods... lastweeksjac\pot winner, that'srisht. I know shedoesnt want anv publiciw but if the price is right. I'm willing to give you a story.I mean it's ridiculous, all that money and she'ssitting there miserably! I could visit your office tomorrow . .. or gmail you somethingif you prefer.... OK, that soundsinteresting, my number's0208... [The recordingis repeated.] Question6 Youoverheara man callinga hotel. Man: Good afternoon.It's fack White again- I calledyou this morning and made a booking for three nights next week,a double room with bath?Well, Ive checkedwith my wife and the room booking is fine so no changes there,but I'd like to checksomething.You told me the room rate would include breakfastbut not dinner, yet the advertisementon Lour websiteclaimsthat IS included for all bookin$-made in March. Soit must apply to us. surely? ... OK, I'll hold for the manager,thank you . . . [The recordingis repeated.]
Grammar withif andunless Conditionals 2 ahadntbought bclaims coffered dphones e grabbed f hadntbeen g wasnl/werent h endedup 3 a Lottery winners usually find it difficult to sleepafter they haveheardthe news. b I rarely havetime to readlong novelsthesedays. c Peoplearealwaystelling me to stop working so hard. d Beforethe storm, I never worried about thosetreesnear the house. e Now if its windy, I'm often woried that they'll fall on us. f What'shappenedto John?He'snormally hereby this time.
A N S W E R SA N D R E C O R D I N GS C R I P T S
4l
hardlygot/hadanysleep Writing ableto keepup with 4 Punctuatedreport enjoybeing Report on the regionalcollegefootball competitionheld on in dangerdue/owing 3rd May
5 ifyoudontleave 6 2 impossibleto request 7 3 (just)incasel 4 never miss/ never fail to watch 8
Vocabulary 5 a talent (not necessarilyto do with being famous);nouns b give (not receiving);verbs c delight (positivefeeling);nouns d irritated (differentemotion); adjectives e keepaway(not to do with solving problems);phrasalverbs f rarely (oppositemeaning);adverbs
Writing 6 a I dont go to the theatrevery often becausethere isnt one in my town. b (Please)could I useyour phone (please)? c (Yesterday)I bought her a lovely blue silk dress(yesterday). d Alan neverusedto be keen on swimming. e Quite a few membersof the audiencewere students. f I would eatItalian food when I lived in New York. g The crowd watchedquietly asthey pulled down the old cinema. h The man askedhim if he could give him somemoney. sheis also i Not only doesAlison like bananas/apples, keen on apples/bananas. j I haveneverbeenso horrified in my life.
Unlt 7 Reading 1 l E
2 A
3 B
4 G
5 C
6 F
Grammar 1 andinfinitives Gerunds 2 a lenny suggestedgoing to the partyin a taxi. b I look forward to hearing from you in the near future. c I dont mind doing it. d I'm interestedin learning Spanish. e. Correct f I'll help you with your homeworkwhen I finish wtiting my letter. g I am usedto doing the washing-up. h Correct i Correct j Im going to town to buy a new jumper. k I objectto paying to park my car. I I cant afford to lend you any more money. m Correct
Vocabulary 3 a win e clubs
bnil f give
c referee g laps
d court
SCRIPTS A N S W E R SA N D R E C O R D I N G
Venue This year the competitionwasheld at Highworth College. This was an excellentchoiceofvenue asthere are six football pitchesavailable,all in excellentcondition. The competition All the teamsin the competitionwerevery experienced and playedto a good level.This provided excellent entertainmentfor the spectators.The matchesgot off to a slow start,mainly becauseof the bad weather- it rained heavilythroughout the morning but this clearedup after lunch. Then, therewere a few incidentswherethe referee's decisionwas questioned,but generallythe matcheswere all playedin a positiveway with good team spirit. The result The two finalistswere ChedburyManor Collegeand Fulbrook High. The final scorewas 2-0 to Chedburyand it was a good win for them. Their striker wasparticularly impressiveand could perhapsevenbe consideredfor a professionalclub if he wantedto take that route.All in all' a very good day'ssport. answer 5 Suggested Hi Kim I It wasgreatto hear from you and I'm really looking forward to you coming to my college.It's a greatplaceand pretty well-known for sport. For swimming, it's necessaryto go into the town as our collegedoesnt havea swimming pool' There'sa really good one there and studentsget a discount. It's open everyeveningand at the weekend.I'm not sure about swimming competitionsthough. We havea football team,which I'm on. I know you are a greatgoal-keeperso I'm suretherewould be spacefor you! There are four pitchesat the collegeand matchestake place betweendifferent collegeseveryweekendduring the season. When you arrive,go and seethe coach,Mr Andrews - he usedto play football professionallybeforehe becamethe coachat our college. We alsohavebadminton and alsohockey.You might alsobe interestedto know that therdsa gym which hassomevery up-to-dateequipment.I go there in my lunch hour to work out. It's very popular so you haveto put your name on the list the weekbefore. Cant wait for you to arrive!
Unit I Listening 1 1 H
2 F
3 C
4 E
5 A
Recording script *!38 Youwill hearfive short extractsin whichpeopleare talking about thejob they wantedto do when theywereyoung. For questions1-5, choose from the list (A to H) what each speakersays.Usethe lettersonly once.Thereare threeextra Ietterswhichyou do not needto use, Younow have30 seconds to lookat theauestions. Speaker1 My dad usedto own a restaurantand everyweekendI had a job helping out in the kitchen.I guesshe wantedme to be a chef or somethinglike him. But I usedto spendmy time lookine at the customersinstead.I wasfascinatedbv how thev behaved- whetherthev would tip the waiters and whv thines like that. I readlots ofbooks on both animal and human behaviourtoo and endedup doing zoologyat universityand then becominga university lecturer on that subject- a bit different from looking into people'sminds. which is what I was keen on in my younger
&ys. Speaker2 I guesseveryonewantsto do somethingreally cool when theyre young, dont they,like being a pop singeror flying to the moon on a spacerocket.I neverdid really.I used to readlots of crime bookswhen I wasyoungerand try and copy the style.I think I sawm)'selfasanotherAgatha Christie.producineloadsof paperbacks.It's funnv reallv as my sisterjoined a band and becamequite famous.I ended up working in a zoo,looking after the elephants.I love it and cant imaginedoing anythingelsenow. Speaker3 I wasnt very good at school- only at music and drama. My teachersput me in all the stageproductionswe had. I would spendageslearnine the words of the tunestill I wasword perfect.I loved evervthineabout it. from the costumesto standinson staeewith the audienceclapoine - it was all I everwantedto do. Anyway,things didnt turn out that way as I didnt get into drama school. Now I seereal-lifedrama on the streets,investigatingcrime. I'm what they call a criminal psychologist.I still get to perform though - but usuallyin court, giving evidence. Speaker4 What was I like when I was young?Well, I loved helping my mum do the cooking and I was alwaysreadingscience fiction. I neversawtheseasmy future careersthough. It was alwavsanimalsfor me. I suess.Nothine huee.More snidersand lizards.I could seemvselfsDendinemv life takins careof them. Teachinethe public about them too. My mum thought I was mad and spenther time trying to convinceme to do enoughschoolworkto go into sciencemaybeevenbe an astronaut! Speaker5 My brother wantedto be a famousdetective.He even bought a magnifying glassand a notebookwherehe'd
write down what the neighbours were doing. I think they mustve thought he was a bit weird. I alwaysdid. He thought I was weird too, I guess.He'd make fun of me spending all my time in the kitchen following different recipes.He didn't mind eatinethe results.thoueh. So,I reckonI must'vedone somethingright. And, I actually fulfilled my childhood ambition as I'm beginningto get quite well known now. He, on the other hand, is more normal and endedup asa teacherat our local college, teachingcreativewriting.
Vocabulary Verbcollocations 2 a does e spending
btastes f keep
c spend g broke
d had
Adverb-adjective collocations 3 highly praised,amusing deeplydisappointed,ashamed perfectlyhappy,reasonable, serious a deeplydisappointed b highly amusing c perfectlyreasonable d perfectlyserious
e highly praised f deeplyashamed g perfectlyhappy
Definitions 4 afeast e sensible
blandmark f hideous
c critical g broom
d decent
Grammar usedto andwould 5 I usedto do / did 2 found 3 discovered 4 included 5 usedto spend/ would spend 6 would use/ used 7 confirmed 8 usedto be / was 9 usedto take / would take / took l0 usedto be / were ll usedto walk / would walk 12 usedto be / were 13 usedto visit / would visit l4 estimated
Unit I Reading I It is giving them misleadinginformation on product packaging. 2 I E
2 G
3 A
4 D
5 F
6 B
3 a regulations;rules;code;verdict b letting . .. down; get awaywith; call on
Grammar Speculation anddeduction 4 acould/might e must
ccant bmust f couldimight
5 I might havebeendoneby 2 looking forward to going 3 doesyour uncle do for 4 down to planning
dcant/couldnt
5 must havebeenpaid 6 in getting the/their message 7 would havebeenableto 8 madean impressionon
A N S W E R SA N D R E C O R D I N GS C R I P T S
Vocabulary Collocations 6 c, f, gand h do not collocatewith broad;deepcouldbe used with c, f and h, and wide*ith g. 7 a jingle
b slogan cbudget
dbrand
U n i t1 0 Vocabulary I T C 5 A
2 8 6 B
3 D 7 D
4 C 8 A
b at his best c at once 2 a At first e at war; at (long) last f at risk
d at least
Listening 3 l c
2 L
3 B
4 B
s C
6 A
7 C
Recording script *iffi writer Youwill hearan interviewwith a science-fiction For questions1-7, choosethe bestanswer calledled Stevens. (A, B or C). Younow haveone minute to look at the questions. Interviewer: JedStevens,welcometo the studio.Now, you'vebeenwriting successfulsciencefiction for almost three decades,but at what agewould you recommend othersto start writing it? |ed: That'sa good question.I playedaround with ideas right through my teens,which is fine for your own amusement,but you just dont havethe knowledge or scopeto take it on seriouslyuntil you'reout in the world. In your twentiesis about right. Thereare a few writers who haveturned to sciencefiction much later,in retirement,though I seethat as risky commercially. Interviewer: So what led you to sciencefiction in the first place? fed: Well, it would be convenientto sayit wasweeklydoses of Star Trek,which wason televisionwhen I wasa kid, but in actualfact, I couldnt standit! My elderbrother loved it and he listenedto stuff on the radio too, but that didnt work for me - I wantedvisual imagesto stimulate my imagination,and I found them in a colourful comic strip that I consumedever)'weekwithout fail. Interviewer: And as a writer, is there an1'thingin particular that hasbeenhelpful to you? |ed: To createmy stories,do you mean?I guessI've got a lot from locationswhereI've spentsometime - I've neverlived in one placefor more than five years,and unusualenvironmentsinspire me. My earlywork as a programmerwasthe opposite,no help at all, so I left in the end to follow my dream.Living whereI do now I'm in touch with a lot of scientists,but they'regenerallytoo focusedon reality to be usefulto my brand of fantasy! Interestingpeoplethough. lnterviewer: You'vewritten 25 novels,but what was the very first publicationof yours to comeout?
SCRIPTS A N S W E R SA N D R E C O R D I N G
fed: It washard at the start,you know ..' I desperately wantedto get publishedand I rememberI tried with a short story, but everyonesaid they'd only consider a whole collection,so that wasout. Then I decidedto enter a competitionfor first novelsbut I missedthe deadline.(Im still polishing that novel 30 yearslater!) No, it was a modestpiecein a magazineabout life in other galaxies... from smallbeginnings,eh? Interviewer: Well, you obviously found the magic ingredient!And what'sthe attractionnow? I'm sureyou dont really needthe money. |ed: It's alwaysbeenthe samethrill. Sciencefiction allows you to find fresh angleson how peoplelive and interact. You mentioned earnings,but they were really only necessarywhile my kids weregrowing up. TodayI get by on next to nothing.I know I could makea lot more if I accepteda role in the filming of my stories,but I m just not into that sideof the business. Interviewer: |ed, ifyou look back over your 30 yearsin the business,asyou put it, what haschangedin science fiction writing? fed: Strangelyenough,given all the technologicalprogress weVeseensincethe 80s,it's not the storylinesthemselves that have altered,but the storytelling itself - that's improvedhugelFin my view.The other aspectthat somepeoplecommenton is that the novelshavebecome shorterover the years,but I dont think there'sany evidencefor that . .. not in my case,anyway! Interviewer: OK, and what do you seehappeningto the human racein the future, say50 yearsfrom now? Jed:Well I dont havea crystalball but my thoughtsare that governmentfunding for spaceexplorationwill than everdue to a lack of becomemore necessar)' resourceson Earth. I dont think peoplewill be able to get beyondour solarsystem,but I'm certainthat unmannedvehicleswill be sentthat far, with fascinating results.I alsobelievethat we'll havestartedexploiting distant placesfor water by then, on an icy moon of |upiter maybe. Interviewer: Who knows?Jed,it's been really good to talk to you today,thank you. )ed: My pleasure.
Grammar Reviewof futuretenses 4 Suggested answers a Within 20 years,a mannedspacecraftwill havelanded on Mars. b In ttre 22nd century,it may be possibleto launch starships,whosedestinationwould be other galaxies. c Soon,peoplewill be ableto travel to low orbit and the journey time betweenEuropeand New Zealandwill be only an hour.
new job in New York and they moved out last week.They were quite fun, but a bit noisy. They often usedto have large family parties and the young children would run around shouting.Their parentsand their grandpaand grandma werenice though.
Writing answer 5 Suggested Betweenl0 and 12 fanuary,2020,Elwood Collegeof Technologyis hosting a conferenceon future developments in space.The guestspeakerswill include,science-fiction writer |ohn T. Price and the leadingscientistProfessorPaul Rhodes,who will be speakingabout his latestresearch.The discussionswill covertopics suchasbeam-uptechnology, moon settlementsand how to contactaliens.
The new neighbours are a family with identical twin girls, aged 15. They're very pretty and, so far, seemquite friendly. I hope I'll be ableto tell them apart.Their dad cameover yesterdayto sayhello and wdre going to havethem over for a barbequenext weekend.I'll write and let you know if my first impressionof them was right!
Unit 'l1 Vocabulary
Thatb all my news for now. Hope you're keeping well.
Wordformation
Love,
I I personality 2 appearance 3 likely 4 Scientists 5 relationships 5 choice 7 social 8 reasonable 2 a nervous/uneasy afraid terrified b pleased delighted/thrilled overjoyed c disappointed unhappy miserable/depressed d interested fascinated eager obsessed e surprised astonished shocked speechless stunning f attractive lovely beautiful
English American 3 on the underground shegot/becamereally embarrassed 4 L g 7 e
2 f 8 h
3 k 9a
s j 6 b 4 i 10c ffd
Writing 5 Dear |ody, Thanks for your letter; it was good to hear from you. You'll be pleasedto know that I've found someoneto share the flat with. She'scalled Elena Richmann and she'san actressfrom Canada.I interviewed about 20 peoplebefore I saw her. She'svery nice and we really get on well together.Let me tell you a bit abouther. Shet about lm 50cm in height and has short, blach curly hair; in fact shelooks a bit like your sister! She'sincredibly lively so she should be fun to havearound. Were both interestedin the sametype of films and we seem to havesimilar tastesin music. Shehatescooking so I wont haveto worry about having a messykitchen! One drawback is that, when she is making a movie, she needsto get up really early,about 4.30in the morning, to ' go to the setto get her make-upand costumesortedout. Shesaysshe'll be really quiet, so we'll haveto see.Anyway, I havent noticed any bad habitsyet! You must meet her why dont you come over to the flat next Saturday and we can havea meal together?Drop me a line to let me know. Love, Tanya answer 6 Suggested
Unit 'l2 Reading l
I D
2 B
3 A
4 D
5 B
6 D
Grammar Thepassive 2 a I had to be trained by the manager. b Usuallycuckooclocksare made out of wood. c The scienceexhibition will be visited by many people. d My camerawas stolenon the bus. e He had his bike stolen. . f It hasbeenproved that water freezesat 0 degreesC. g Frenchis spokenhere. h Many designshavebeen made for new planes. i The houseis being painted at the moment. j The car is being cleanednow. k Maria was born in April. I A jet is flown by Hamid every day. m They wereaskedto aparty. n Todaysmeetingis cancelled/ hasbeen cancelled. o My housewas built last year. p I was hurt in a road accident.
Vocabulary verbswithcomeandtake Phrasal 3 a inherited b resembles c started(a new hobby) f facelmeet d regainconsciousness e running g like h produce i understand/absorb j found/discovered(by chance) k accepting/getting
Listening 4 I 80 2 mechanic 3 library 8 plastic 6 cousin 7 bicycle
4 light 9 TV
5 water 10 potatoes
Recording script 4$iM Youwill heara woman talkingabouta man calledWilliam, who built a windmill in his vilhge in Africa. For questions with a word or shortphrase. 1-10, completethesentences
Dear Lynne,
Younow have45 secondsto look at the questions.
I thought I'd write and tell you all my latest news.We've got new neighbours.You rememberI told you that we had a large family living next door? Well, the father has got a
Woman: On my radio show today,Im going to be telling you the amazingstory of William. William was born and grew up in a smallvillagein Malawi in Africa. He wasnt
A N S W E R SA N D R E C O R D I N GS C R I P T S
naturally academicat schooland, in fact, he had to leave schoolat the ageof 14becausehis family couldnt afford to pay the $80 tuition fees. His family werefarmersand they wantedWilliam to becomeone too but William had ambitionsto be a mechanic.This looked doubtful becausethe family had no money and so William had to help out in the fields. He still had somefree time though so he would spend it in the local library. Therehe found two textbooks - Explaining Physicsand UsingEnergy- and from them, William found out all about how you could get electricityfrom windmills. William'svillagewasvery poor but it did havea lot of wind. He could seethat electricitywould solvea number of problemsfor his family and,best of all, he would be ableto havea light in his room so he could readat night. William could seethat having a windmill to make electricitywould mean freedomfor himself and his family. The electricitywould be ableto quickly pump water to his family'sfields of maize,which would allow them to grow more food.
b Chris Searlesaidthat that morning he had gonein through the side entrance.The schoolsecretarywas/ had been handing out the registersasnormal, but there couldnt have beenmore than 20 or 30 kids in the whole building. c A pupil saidthat while they were/ had beenoutsidethe gates,teachershad come acrossand (had) talked to them. Somewerei had beensympathetic,though they werent / hadnl beenableto admit it. Somewere/ had beenaggressive and had thrown gym shoesat them. d Chris Searlesaidthat thosechildrenwere/ had beenmade to feel that being ordinary meant failure. He arguedthat it is the ordinary peopleand their daily work that make a country.(Presenttenseis usedasthis is an ongoingtruth.)
Vocabulary 4 I made a good impression 2 make senseof 4 made their move 3 made useof 5 madetheir feelingsknown 5 a make b had c made ddo
e made f go on / start g take ... make h take
He decidedto build a windmill near his house.His father wastoo busy so he askedhis cousinto help him and they spentsometime trying to find the necessary parts.Luckily,they managedto get hold of a bic)'cle someonehad thrown awayand which they usedto form the basisof the windmill. They mainly usedthe chain and the dynamo.For the windmill bladesthey usedan old plaslle pipe which they cut in two and heatedover hot coalsto make flat. This all took a long time but the result wasworth it.
Unit'!4 Vocabulary
The windmill was a greatsuccessand currently the village hasthree ofthem and the villagerscan all go to watch TV aswell asenjoy all the other benefitselectricity hasbrought. William is now older and is keento build windmills acrossthe whole of his country.William's family can now harvestother cropsbesidesmaizesuch aspelatocs.The peoplein the village aremuch healthier and happierthan they werebeforeand other children are beginning to study scienceasthey can now seehow usefrrl it is to their lives.
2 I B
U n i t1 3 Reading 2 L E
2 G
3 C
4 A
5 D
6 F
Grammar Reporting 3 a Zeinaidasaidthat shehad goneto the local paperand had told them their plans.They (had) askedher some questionsto checkher out, but in the end they (had) promisedto run the story.
A N S W E R SA N D R E C O R D I N G SCRIPTS
Word formation llselection 2 specialise 3 massive 4 availability
i make/made j makes/made
I 5imaginative 6 unexpectedly 7 obviously 8 expansion
Listening 2 B
3 A
4 C
5 C
Recording script e!$@ Youwill hearpeopletalking in five dffirent situations.For questions1-5, choosethe bestanswer(A, B or C). Question1 Youheara man talkingabout his workinglife. Man: I havent alwaysbeeninvolvedin the catering industry. In fact, I trained asa lawyer,althoughI've neveractuallyworked for a law firm. I spenta few yearswriting articlesfor a law magazine,which I quite enjoyed,but I alwaysknew this waswhat I really wantedto do - the kitchen is my true home! I turned professionallast year,after I won a TV competitionto find the best amateurin the country.Sincethen, I've neverlooked back. [The recordingis repeated.] Question2 aboutgettingafurther qualification. Youheara conversation Woman: So I hear you're going back to studyrngfor a while? Man: That'sright, its a full-time coursein marketing.My company'sgoing to pay half the feesand I've agreedto work for them for at leasta year afterwardsin return, though in a differentjob, obviously.
Woman: I'm surprisedyou didnt decideto do something part-time to keepyour salarycoming in! Man: I thought about it but I'd rather concentrateon the course,to be honest.I've manaeedto savequite a bit, so I shouldbe OK. [The recordingis repeated.] Question3 Youheara wornantalkingabout her career, Woman: I've been involved in fashion photographyfor more than ten yearsnow. Peopleare often quite envious of what I do, but it's hard worh with very long days sometimes.It's getting more and more competitive too, so it's hard to make a good living nowadays.Not that it was the money that attractedme in the first place!I suppose I was drawn bv the opportunitv to visit someexotic locations - that was certainly more important to me than the famouspeopleI'd get the chanceto work with. [The recordingis repeated.] Question4 Youhear twopeopleat work discussing a colleague. Woman: Mark, can I have a word with you? I m getting very impatientwith Becky. Man: Why's that? I ve alwaysfound her very easyto get on with. Woman: Well, that'snot the problem.She'sa lovely person, but wheneverI askher for something,sheneverseems to know whereto look and takesagesto find what I need.Now sheseemsto havemislaid a really important file that I gaveher last week. Man: OK. Look, I m responsiblefor her so I'll havea quiet word - I know she'sbeen a bit overworked recently,but it soundslike sheneedsto sort herselfout a bit. Woman: Thanks Mark, I appreciateit. Man: No problem. [The recordingis repeated.] Question5 Youheara man talkingabout the skilk neededfora new positionin his department. Man: This is a new role in the salesand marketing department,to assistin the launch of our latestproduct range.The post is initially for two yearsand this help is neededimmediately,so we'reencouraginginternal people to apply.The successfulapplicant will be given someresponsibilityfor checkingcostsand updating sales budgets,so althoughwe'renot askingfor a mathsdegree, a school-levelcertificatein that subjectis essential.The job will require an elementof direct sellingby phone,all carried out in English- anotherlanguagemight be an advantage,but we're not demanding that. And we can provide basictraining in telephonesellingtoo. Please contactHuman Resourcesif you are interested,as soon aspossible. [The recordingis repeated.]
Writing TTosumup 4 Inanycase 5 On the other hand 6 Again
5lAlthough 2 So 3 in his case
Grammar allandthewhole b wholeof
6 a thingsof all e allofa
c thewhole
d all
U n i t1 5 Vocabulary I
I B 5 B
2 A 6 C
3 B 7 B
4 D 8 A
2 a recycled blitter d drought e floods g shower h pollutants
csecond-hand f flash i fossilfuels
Writing 31As 2Despite 3when 4Besides 5 So 6 Although 7 because/ as a result l0 Furthermore 8 asa result 9 though
Grammar some,any,no,every 5 aanything/something b anyone/anybody c everywhere d No one / Nobody e something
f anywhele g arything h Everyone/Everybody i anything
U n i t1 6 Reading 1 l c 6 A
2 L 7 C
3 8 8 B
4 D 9D
5 C TOB
3 D
4 G
5 F
Listening 2 I B
2 E
Recording script i$iro Youwill hearfive short extractsin whichpeopleare talking aboutfood. For questions1-5, choosefromthe list (A-H) what eachwriter says.Usethe lettersonly once.Thereare threeextra letterswhichyou do not needto use. to lookat thequestions. Younow havei0 seconds Speaker1 I tend not to believepeoplewho saythey write for eight hours a day.I write for about three hours after breakfast. It's then that my mind is least cluttered. I never eat at my desk.It's messyenoughas it is. But food is important to my writing. You can learn aboutthe charactersthrough their attitudeto food. Food provokespowerful feelings- a senseof family, for example,when everyonesits down to eattogether,or hate,ifyou take food awayfrom someone, especiallya child. In fact, I often write so much about food that my editor hasto cut largebits out when shereadsit.
A N S W E R SA N D R E C O R D I N GS C R I P T S
Speaker2 I work a long morning - that'swhen I can be at my most creative.I keepgoing until I cant do any more' By about two o'clockI realiseI m really hungry and could eatthe entire contentsof the fridge. One of the greatpleasuresof working at home is that you can be selfishabout eating. I think you haveto watch out for food in fictionr it's vital that it doesrftjust becomesomesort of recipebook' I know somewriters who just fill the pageswith food - their charactersseemto eat all the time. I cant do that. Speakerj I wasborn in New York and my grandparentshad a restaurant.I really loved their Italian dishes.Ravioli was my favouriteand still is. One of the cooksthere made great American food too and I usedto go back to her home frequentlyfor mealswith her family. I basedone of my novelson that family - it centresround a detectivewho hasa difficult job but a greathappyfamily. If I m happy with what I've written in a da)'.I give myself chocolate'Not too much though asI dont want to pile on the pounds. Speaker4 I'm not easilydistractedby food and I dont seeit as somethingyou should haveasa reward.For me, it's somethingthat you needto live. As I love writing I spenda lot of time at my desk.I like to start around 9.30and then work until one.I dont like fancy recipesthat take agesto prepare.Somethinglike toastor soup is fine by me. After lunch I havea quick nap and then go shoppingor to the library. I then work until sevenand watch the news'Later I go out to eatin one of the greatrestaurantsin my area.
U n i t1 7 Vocabulary Wordformation 1 I inclusion 2 endless 3 competitions 4 analysis
) energetic 6 unusual 7 collection 8 Alternatively
2 a swells b kick off
c record d good causes
e get hooked f bound
3 a unlikely b liking
c Iike d likeness
e likeable
Writing answer 4 Suggested The haggis,which must be preparedaccordingto the traditional recipe,shouldbe cooledat the time of hurling. The haggis,which will be inspectedfor illegalfirming agents,must not breakon landing.A haggishurler who has the misfortuneto seehis haggissplit will be disqualified. For the junior and middle-weightevents,wherethe haggis shouldweigh approximately500grams,the haggisshouldbe no longer than22 cm with a maximum diameterof 18 cm.
Grammar
U n i t1 8 Reading
When I'm writing, my main character,a detective,takes me over completely.After I get up' I go to the caf6on the corner and havea coffee.and I usedto havea pastr)''but not now I'm dieting. Then I sit down and write until about three,not stoppingfor lunch. Onceyou start a novel,you dont switch off, so you needpausesto think about what you'regoing to write next. I usedto fill thosepauseswith chocolatebarsbut I've managedto stop that now. My characterwouldnt cook at all, but I can do a really good beef stew.
2
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3be 4a ' 7 where/when
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Grammar enough,toolvery,so,such 3 a I haveneverread such a long book asthis one. b The story was so complicatedthat I gaveup. c Hardbackbooksare (much) too expensive. d Not enoughbookswereordered' e I wasso/very sadto hear of the novelist'sdeath. f It was such an exciting Plot. g The print in this paperbackisrlt big enough. h Characterssuch astheseare quite unusual. 3too 2too 4Lvery 6 such 7 enough 8 such 13 enough 12 very ll so
4 very 9 very 14 such
5 so 10 too 15 too
Listening s l c
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Recordingscript {flfu Youwill heara radio interviewwith a womanwho hasdone For questions1-7, choose a surveyon attitudesto eboolcs. the bestanswer(A, B or C). Younow haveoneminute to look at the questions. Interviewer: Here with me today is Anna Sinclair. Now Anna, you've recently carried out an investigation into people'sreadinghabitsand current attitudesto the downloadingof ebooks.Whose idea wasthis? Anna: It was somethi(rgI wanted to do at university, but my tutor advisedme not to due to the work involved. When I graduated,I approacheda small market research company,who were interestedbut saidthey couldnt financeit immediately.So I appliedfor a bank loan and sold the resultsback to the companysix months later. Interviewer: Did anything surpriseyou in your survey findings? Anna: Yes.I had expectedthat peopleof my agewould be the strongestgroup in favour ofebooks, but in fact, they had rather mixed feelings,mainly due to cost issueson the hardwareneeded.Adults in their 40sand 50swith spare income seemto havewelcomedthe developmentand it is only the non-computer-literatewho refuseto consider ebooks,not surprisinglY. Interviewer: And what do peopleout there seeasthe biggestadvantageof ebooks? Anna: There are so many benefitsto ebooks'including easy accessto information online no matter where you live and the way you can alter the appearanceofthe text to suit you. The thing that comesup in the surveyaboveall is volume, the fact that you can carry a whole library around on a pieceof hardwarethat will slip into your pocket. Interviewer: Interesting.Turning to the commercial aspectin all this, how do book publishersview ebooks
Anna: I've interviewedseveralpeoplein the industry, who wereunderstandablynervousto begin with, seeingeboolrs asa threat to their traditional business.But in fact,just as music downloadshaveaddedto album sales,ebookshave provided publisherswith a totally new market.I think it's unlikely that paperbackswill disappearbut with rising papercostsand transport on top, heavierhardbackbooks look setto die out - evenlibraries are switchingto digital downloadsof these,it seems' Interviewer: I see.And what about us, the consumers?Are there no disadvantages? Anna: I wouldnt saythat. I dont agreewith the argument that readingebooksis bad for you - somepeopleclaim that it leadsto weight gain,but doesnt readinga book also involve sitting still? For those people who dislike readingon screen,therewill be the addedexPenseof pItIrtiDS and even then, you end up with a pile of paper ratherthan a solid physicalbook. But that'sabout it! Think of the multi-media featuresthat someebooks include for the samemoney - audio and photographs' for example. Interviewer: Anna, how do you seeebookschangingthe livesof authors- the peoplewho producethem in the first place? Anna: I think it's good newsfor them, and for their agents, who still havea role to play in relatiorito the media. And ebooksprovideundiscoveredwriters with the chanceto deliver their work to the public, rather than waiting for a willing publisher. As with many electronic products,there areof courseopportunitiesfor illegal activity, where the author earns nothing, but it wont impact on their earningsany more than the invention of the photocopierhas done alreadY. Interviewer: Yesindeed.Fina\r Anna, wherewill this researchtakeyou next in terms ofyour career? Anna: Well, I've got no plans to do anything elseon ebooksat the moment, but the whole areaof market researchis fascinating, and I want to take it further' maybe even having my own company one day.It's a very competitivefield but Ive learnt a lot from this experienceand I believeI can offer comPaniesa solid service.working in PartnershiPwith them. with it all. Interviewer: OK, well I wish you every success Manv thanks, Anna Sinclair.
nowadays?
A N S W E R SA N D R E C O R D I N GS C R I P T S
Unit 20 Listening
U n i t1 9 Reading r 1 B
2 C
5 A
4 B
3 D
6 D
Vocabulary f confident g weekly h social i effective j suitable
2 a attendance b choice c fitness d disruptive e manageable B
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Grammar a I high time you stoPPed 2 do/would you adviseme to 3 I wereyou, I would that we/they (should)go 4 suggestedgoing / suggested 5 to haveyour teeth checked 6 (high) time you had/gotYour 7 had better not sit
Writing answer 5 Suggested I think that there hasneverbeena better time to be fit and healthy.For a start, supermarketsmake a point of including caloriecountson all their food so that you know exactly how much salt,sugarand fat you are eating.Ifyou believe that being a vegetarianis healthierthan eatingmeatthen you will haveno problem finding readymealsor restaurants which suit your stYleof eating. More and more peoplearejoining gyms or going running There really is no excusefor not or doing pilatesclasses. being ableto keepfit as everytown hasits own gym or ' sportscentreor swimming pool, and theseplacesareoften reasonablypriced' If you dont fancy keepingfit with other people,then get a bike and go out riding. I do this quite a bit - I alwayscycle to college.I neverget the bus becauseit is very expensive and I would haveto wait a long time for one to come along.In the past,it may havebeendifficult to keepfit and healthy,but certainly not nowadays.
A N S W E R SA N D R E C O R D I N GS C R I P T S
1 I medicine 2 professor 3 murderers 4 magazine 5 chemistry
6 7 8 t 10
footprints microscoPe fog historical furniture
Recording scriPt ${lm Youwill heara studentcalledDan talkingabout thefamous detectiveSherlockHolmes,who wascreatedby the writer SirArthur ConanDoyle.For questions1-10, completethe with a word or shortphrase. sentences to look at thequestions. Younow have45 seconds Dan: OK, for my presentationon crime, I want to talk about Sir Arthur Conan Doyle and his characterthe detectiveSherlockHolmes,who I really like reading about.Conan Doyle wasborn in 1859in Edinburgh, Scotland,and wasgreatlyinfluencedby his mother'slove of storytelling. However,rather than studying literature, from 1876to 1881he did medicineat the Universityof Edinburgh. Although Conan Doyle beganwriting short stories during his time at university,it wasnt until he had graduatedand setup a medicalpracticein London that he beganto write seriously.This wasbecausehe wasrlt a particularly successfuldoctor and had very few patients.His main inspirationfor the characterof SherlockHolmes was a plgfessQrwho had taught him at Edinburgh. Another inspirationfor his writing was a visit Conan Doyle had madeat the ageof 15 to a wax museumin London. Therewerewax modelsof well-known actors and singersthere,but it wasthe modelsof famous murderersthat had the greatestimpact on him. The characterSherlockHolmesfirst appearedin 1887'not in a novelbut asa short story calledA Studyin Scarletin a magazine.Holmeswasa private detectivewho ran an agencyfrom his aparfinent at22lB BakerStreetin London and sharedmost of his work with his friend Dr Watson' From the books Conan Doyle wrote, I've learnt that Holmeshad an expertknowledgeof chemistry,but wasnt quite so good at biologY. SherlockHolmeswas one of the first detectivesin fiction to make useof forensicmedicine.He was particularly good at identifying footprints at a crime scene'These techniqueswerefairly new when Conan Doyle was writing, but they later formed a key part of actual detectivework. I alwaysknew Holmes useda magnifring glassfor finding small piecesof evidencesuchashair or ash,but what amazedmewasthat he also useda microscope'What he didnt usewasphotography,which was commonly usedat
the time by the police to record accidentscenesand the facesof criminals - its strangethat Conan Doyle doesnt mention it at all in the stories. Conan Doyle usedLondon as a settingfor many of his SherlockHolmesstories,and the way he describesthe city at that time is fantastic.Many modern-dayreaders of his storiesfind it odd that there'sno fog nowadays! This wasa real problem for Londonersuntil the 1950s when the burning of coal was forbidden.
Writing 5 I assess 2 document 3 without 4 written
5 6 7 8
So,anyquestions?...
r b 2 I D
2 A
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5conventional 6 increasing 7 equality 8 regardless
Grammar 3lwhat 2 since 3As 4 would
4 F
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Grammar Mixedconditionals a f (third conditional) 5 dtmixed conditional) 6 b (mixed conditional)
4 L e (mixedconditional) 2 c (secondconditiond) 3 a (mixed conditional)
Vocabulary Wordformation
Vocabulary Wordformation 2lpopularity 2 differences 3 burglary 4 relatively
9 although 10 impressively l1 accepted 12 psychology
Unit 21 Reading
Conan Doyle wrote his first set of storiesabout Holmes over a ten-yearperiod. After this, he becamemore interestedin writing historicalnovelsrather than detectivefiction and so he killed off SherlockHolmes in a book publishedin 1893.But, in 1901,Conan Doyle gavein to public pressureand wrote somemore books about Holmes. If you re a fan of SherlockHolmes,then you can visit an interestingmuseumin London dedicatedto him. It is situated at 239 Baker Street.It tries hard to recreate the apartmentthat Holmesand Watsonlived in but, althoughsomedetailslike the violin caseand pipe are accurate,the museumhasbeencriticisedfor displaying the wrong type of furniture. You can also find a small exhibition hall and a gift shopthere.
physical which consists measurable
5so 6 like 7 o n 8 little
2 Gerundsor infinitives 4 a He suggested buymg a detectivenovel. b I look forward to hearing the resultsof the case. ' c Correct d The burglar alarm needslooking at. e Let me give you a descriptionof the mugger. f Correct g I cant afford to take a taxi all the time just to avoid the underground. h The tourist was accustomedto driving his car fasterin his country. i You arenot allowedto drop litter on the street. j I'd like to report a burglary. k Correct
5 I existence 2 location 3 successful 4 requirements
5 6 7 8
funding regeneration unlikely reconsidered
Unit 22 Vocabulary l l D 2 B 3 C 4 C
5 6 7 8
B D A C
2 a performance- not a musicalinstrument b conductor- not playing an instrument c rehearsal- not the final performance d key - not somethingthat is composed e compose- not part of a live performance f orchestra- much larger group than the others g stage- somethingwithin a physicalspace h cello - one instrument as opposedto an orchestra section
Writing 3 1 C
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3 A
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6 C
Listening 4 L C
2 B
SCRIPTS A N S W E R SA N D R E C O R D I N G
Recording script Sifi Youwill hearpeopletalking in sixdffirent situations.For questions1-6, choosethe bestanswer(A, B or C). Question1 Youheara professionalmusiciantalkingabouthis work. Man: I've beena memberof this orchestrafor the last six years- I play the doublebass.In my studentdaysI was a bassguitarist in a band that did coversof all the top songs,but I dont get the chanceto do that any more. Our pretty tough becausewe do a lot of concerts schedule's abroad.When I m not touring, I try to get to a fewjazz gigs,just to seehow my instrumentis being played. [The recordingis repeated.] Question2 Youheara man and e t4)omantalkingabouta band. Woman: That was a greatconcertwe went to on Saturday. I ve just downloadedtheir new album,by the way. Man: Haveyou?And is it asgood asthe last one? Woman: Not sureyet - it's very different.There'snothing familiar from their concerteither! The lyrics contain somereallv powerful imasesthoueh, worth listenineto properly. Man: Soundslike it will take a bit of time to get into it. Can I borrow it sometime? Woman: Yeah,OK. [The recordingis repeated.] Question3 Youheara boyand a girl talkingabout theirguitar lessons. Boy: How areyou gettingon with your guitar classesthis term? Girl Itt fun. We'vegot a new book and the piecesare a lot longer than before,so I'm having to do more practice. How aboutyou? Boy: Not too good.There aretoo many in our classnow - it usedto be just four, but now, with eight of us, I dorit feelI'm makins asmuch prosresssomehoweven though I do loadsofpractice. GirL Well you should askto move to our class.You'refree on Wednesdayevenings,arent you? Boy: I am, that'sa good idea,thanks. [The recordingis repeated.] Question4 'Youhearpart of a radio interviewwith afemalesinger. Man: So you'reableto make a good living from your music,which is fantastic.What part of your work earns you the most, would you say? Woman: Well it usedto be the casethat my recordings brought in a lot, especiallythe onesI did without my backingband,but with so much downloadingand file sharing,that sidehasdroppeda bit.
A N S W E R SA N D R E C O R D I N GS C R I P T S
with the band Man: And how about your live appearances - you play somevery big venues,dont you? Woman: Yes,but when we tour there'snevermuch profit from the ticket salesonceall our expenseshavebeen paid. Where I ve beenreally lucky recentlyis being approachedto record a coupleof my own things for TV commercials.and they bring in an absolutefortune! fust singing solo,which I love best. [The recordingis repeated.] Question5 Youheara composertalkingabouthis latestwork. Man: Itt beena challengeto get the piecefinishedbut I m happy with how it has turned out. I hope it will influence the next generationof composers- I seein my own studentsthat they needto think outsidethe box ifthey areto delivertruly modern music.The pieceis going to be performed for the first time next month in New Yorh which is appropriate,asit was the daily noise of the traffic and the crowdstherethat provedto be sucha major contribution to the mood of the piece.The whole useofpercussionand brasscomesfrom that experience, so different from the peacefulfarm where I grew up. [The recordingis repeated.] Question6 Youheara man and a woman talkingapout an open-mic ntght. Woman: Hi, Chris.I missedthe open-micnight this week - how was it? Man: Great.The houseband wasgood,althoughtheir bass guitaristwasrit up to his usualhigh standard.I think he may havebeenill. Woman: Oh dear.And did that Scottishgirl with the electricviolin play again?Herswasthe bestperformance by far last time. Man: Sadlynot - she doesnt live in the village, you know. The real hishlisht wasthis teenasekid who broueht his keyboardalong.He wasa bit nervousso he just played with the band to begin with, but then they let him do two of his own songs.He'sgot a future in music,I'd say. Woman: There'reso many talentedmusiciansaround here. Man: Yeah.Were very lucky. [The recordingis repeated.]
Listening
Unit 23 Vocabulary
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d storm 2 a hurricanes e raindrops b snow c flash... lightning f showers
c thunder h forecast I flood(s)
Reading 3 a F
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5 D 6 C
6 a inside b recalling c enormous d upper e sensible/careful
7 F 8 A
9 D T O B
f unlucky g complete h occasionally i positive j fueezirg
Grammar lwish/ lf only 7 r I hope I will seeyou soon./ I hope to seeyou soon. b I wish I could go to visit you. c Correct d Correct e If only you managedto give up smoking,just think of the money you'd save. f I hope the weather stays / will stay nice for you. g Correct h I wish I hadn't seenthat film about earthquakes- I cant sleepat night now i Correct . j Davewisheshe knew more about earthquakes.
Unit 24 Vocabulary Wordformation llcomedians 2 substantial 3 entertainment 4 similar 2rpay
5Products 6 viewers 7 difference 8 endings
2 C
3 A
4 C
5 B
6 A
7 C
Recording script ffffi Youwitl hearan interviewwith a comediancalledKate Gordon.Forquestions1-7, choosethe bestanswer(A, B or C). Younow haveoneminute to look at the questions. Interviewer: Here with me now is Kate Gordon, who has just won a comedy award at a major festival. Kate, what was the award for exactly? Kate: My one-womanstand-upshow!I m delightedasI've neverbeensureI could do it, but the festivalaudiences thought otherwise.Up till now, I've usuallybeenpart of something bigger - the radio show was with six talented comedians,and my earlierwork asa TV script-writer alsoinvolveda largeteam. Interviewer: And is there anything particularly challengingaboutbeing a femalecomedian? Kate: Well, there are far more guys out there doing shows. which could put somewomen off, I suppose,but its neverstoppedme! New venuesareopeningup, too, so it's becominga bit easierto get regularbookingsaround the country. Having said that, it wouldnt be a very attractive lifesryle touring or, -y o*ri if and when I have kids! Interviewer: You write most of your own material.Does that sidecome easilyto You? Kate: Definitely not. It involves a lot of time and effort. It's not possibleto developa seriesof new jokes overnight, and evenwhen I ve written somethingthat'shalf OK' I'll still needto try it out in front of an audiencea couPle of times beforeit's really right. And actually'sometimes I'm quite surprisedby the weird senseof humour that peoplehave.They'remore extremethan I am! Interviewer: And where do your bestideascomefrom? Kate: For my jokes?They comefrom me, of course! I guessmy recipefor successis to be very nosy - I observeeveryoneI come into contact with, apart from my friends, that is, who would never allow me to get materialfrom their lives!I neverfind stuff on the internet either - it has to come from daily things that are happeningaround me, and I dont miss much! Interviewer: Severalcomedianshavefound successin the cinema.Would that everinterestyou? Kate: Maybe.I'd enjoy the teamworkfor sure,being part of somethingbig. It would haveto be the right project though - too many comediansseemto end up with second-ratescripts.which doesrfthelp your career in the long run. I think I'd want to havesomecontrol over the writing, evenif I couldnt do it myself.And I'd be looking for a young director willing to try things differently.
bcourt cPaY dnot
A N S W E RASN DR E . . R D T N sGC R r P r s F
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Interviewer: Do you everget nervousin front ofan audience? Kate: I'd be lying if I said no! I think it's quite natural to experiencesomeanxiety,but for me, the strangething is that I feelmuch more securein front of a really big audience,evenif it's a massiveone outdoors.While if therere only 40 or so in a tiny club.it's easyto loseyour confidenceif vou catchsomeone's eveat the wrong moment. I supposethe easiestplacefor me is the theatre down the road, wheremost peopleknow me. Interviewer: Finaily Kate,how would you advisepeopleto get going in comedy? Kate: Well, dont makethe mistakeof just looking at others doins their shows- vouve sot to find out prettvearlv on whethervou canhandledoins a live act,so the wav forwardis to trv an open-micnieht,wherevou set the chanceto do a short performancefor real people. You won't do brilliantly to begin with but if you keep practising,you'll either improve or realisethat it's not for you. Interviewer: OK, well thanksvery much Kate. Kate:No worries,it wasfun.
A N S W E R SA N D R E C O R D I N G SCRIPTS
Grammar 4 I put up with 2 rather seelive comedythan 3 turn/switch off our computersas/because 4 insistedon knowing the contents 5 had got the sack 6 would rather not stay/wait
:Ihe Cambridge English Corpus is a multi-billionword collectionof written and spokenEnglish.lt includesthe Cambrlige Lerner Corpus, a unique bankof examcandidatepapers. Our authorsstudy the Corpusto seehow Englishis reallyused,and to identify typical learnermistakes. This meansthat Cambridgematerialshelp studentsto avoid mistakeg and you can be confidotthe language taught is useful,naturaland fully up to date. wr.cambddgE.orglcorpus