Where Do NFL Players Come From? by David Zubenko

The Pennsylvania State University Department of Geography

Where Do NFL Players Come From?

by David Zubenko

March 2013

ii Abstract In this paper I look at the origins of NFL players from a geographic point of view, containing my research to the United States. As the paper will demonstrate, many players

come from the southern region of America. In establishing this conclusion I have used a combination of written work and data. The written work has been pulled from a variety of sources and establishes key ideas and points. While I did not collect the data, I have tabulated and thoroughly analyzed it and represented my results in a table and numerous graphics.

iii Table of Contents

Nomenclature..................................................................................................................iv 1.1 Introduction................................................................................................................1 1.2 The South..................................................................................................................2 1.3 Why the South...........................................................................................................3 1.4 Hawaii........................................................................................................................7 1.5 Conclusion.................................................................................................................8 References......................................................................................................................9 Appendix.........................................................................................................................11

Nomenclature Center - The offensive lineman who snaps the ball to the quarterback at the start of each play. Defensive Back - A member of the defensive secondary. Defensive backs generally try to keep receivers from making catches. Safeties and cornerbacks are considered defensive backs. Defensive End - A defensive player who lines up at the end of the defensive line. Defensive Tackle - A defensive player who lines up in the interior of the defensive line. Guard - A member of the offensive line. There are two guards on every play, and they line up on either side of the center. Kicker - A player who kicks the ball soccer style on kickoffs, field goals, and extra points. Linebacker - A defensive player who lines up behind the defensive linemen and in front of the defensive backfield. The linebackers are a team's second line of defense. Punter - The player who stands behind the line of scrimmage, catches the long snap from the center, and then kicks the ball after dropping it toward his foot. This is usually done on fourth down with the idea of driving the other team as far back as possible before they take possession of the ball. Quarterback - The offensive player who receives the ball from the center at the start of each play before either handing it to a running back, throwing it to a receiver, or running with it himself. Running Back - An offensive player who runs with the football. Tackle - A member of the offensive line. There are two guards on every play, and they line up on either side of the guards. Tight End - An offensive player who lines up outside of the tackle and can act as a blocker or receiver. Wide Receiver - An offensive player who lines up on or near the line of scrimmage, but split to the outside. His primary job is to catch passes from the quarterback.

! 1.1 Introduction

Most people are familiar with the NFL, but where do these players come from? I will attempt to answer that question in this paper, using a combination of data and written work on the subject. Without giving away my findings and conclusions, it can be said that a large percentage of NFL players come from the South, for reasons which will be discussed. However, it should be noted that the South is arguably losing its dominance, ever so slowly, as noted in the article “Which Parts of the Country Produce the Most NFL Players”, by Richard Florida (2012) and the accompanying chart “Birth Regions of Younger vs. Older NFL Players”, listed here as Figure 1. While I gathered both written and numerical work from a number of sources, by far the most important was the USA Today article “Pipeline to the NFL? Big states, schools are key”. This 2008 article featured a section that broke down where every NFL player drafted between 1988 and 2007 came from in terms of conference, college state, and high school. Since then these categories have been updated, and for this paper I used the high school category (last updated in 2009). While it is true that where a player went to high school is not the same as where they were born, I felt it was close enough, especially considering the massive size of the data set (5,702 players when the state totals are added up). After collecting this information, I organized it in two different ways to make it understandable. The first is a table that contains the number of players at each position from each state (Table 1). Because they are subsets of a larger category, long snappers have been included under centers, and nose tackles have been included under defensive tackles. The table is organized in descending order based on the total number of players from each state. The second way I have organized the data

! is through a series of color coded maps (Figures 2.1 through 15.2), each focusing on a

particular area of interest. There are two different types of maps, which I have deemed, “by the Numbers” (the .1 series of maps) and “per Capita” (the .2 series of maps). “by the Numbers” refers to the raw number of players in that particular category. “per Capita” is an attempt to look at the raw numbers compared to population, and works as follows. For each category, the 2010 male population of each state was divided by the raw data from that state, thus producing a “per Capita” value. If a state has not produced an NFL player in that category between 1988-2009, thus creating a “per Capita” value of infinity, the 2010 male population of that state has been listed in bold. To chart this information on a map, a “temperature” color scheme has been used, where “hot” states shaded in red are at the top of that particular category, and “cold” states shaded in dark blue are at the bottom. (The one exception to this is kickers and punters, since there are relatively few of them, their maps merely consist of the affected states shaded gray.) Collectively, these maps, plus the table, form a large portion of the data and data analysis that have been used for this paper. 1.2 The South Simply speaking, the South is where football players come from. Any state from Virginia to Florida, Georgia west to Texas is sure to be a hotbed of football talent. Although the Midwest, California, and even Hawaii are all major producers of NFL players, no one does it like Dixie. Virtually any statistical analysis, including my own, will support this truth. For instance, in 2003, the South produced 48 percent of all NFL players, despite having only 31 percent of America’s population (Pongetti, 2004). The same study showed that seven of the top nine states per capita in terms of producing football pro

! players were Southern. A separate study, done six years later, came to a similar conclusion, stating that: “Louisiana, with one NFL player for every 65,720 residents, leads the list of NFL players per capita. Mississippi (1 in 76,883) and Hawaii (1 in 80,769) rounds out the top three. The national average is one NFL player per 165,933 U.S. residents” (Miller, Rich, 2010). Graphics also indicate this reality. For instance, in the Pongetti study, the green circles that show where NFL players come from cover almost the entire state of Florida. Sports Illustrated’s 2004 “Great American Sports Atlas” also demonstrates this point. The graphics related to where NFL players come are done on a per capita basis, with the size of each state determined by its per capita value. The South routinely has the largest states, indicating substantially higher per capita values

than the rest of the country. And of course, my own graphics support this as well, as the South is consistently covered in swaths of red and orange, indicating a hotbed of NFL talent (Figures 2.1 through 15.2). While it is clear that the South is the home of NFL talent, the question of why still remains, and it is this issue that I will tackle (no pun intended) next. 1.3 Why the South The simple answer to this question is the fact that the South, and Texas in particular, is just football crazy. In his landmark 1992 book Atlas of American Sport, John F. Rooney Jr. notes that: The fever crosses class and racial lines. According to some reliable sources, slower-maturing boys with ability are routinely held back in the eighth or ninth grade in many southern small towns so they can be more physically mature on the football field when they finish high school (p. 23).

! He goes on to remark that:

Friday-night games are so heavily attended that many high-school stadiums seat 10,000 or more, and are filled on a regular basis. The entire community, even those families without high-school children, support the team through game attendance and membership in the local Touchdown Club. The weekâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s game is a source of endless discussion at local cafe tables during the season. Drafting good players from other high schools by circumventing residency requirements, keeping children back in junior high, and other highly questionable tactics are considered not only appropriate, but necessary, by the most aggressive (p. 23). Due to these tactics, it is clear that Southern high school football players are the most prepared, both physically and mentally, a trend that continues in college by virtue of the Southeastern Conference (SEC), almost unanimously regarded as the best conference in all of college football and the most difficult to play in. The fact that the last seven national champions in Division I college football have come from the SEC is a sign of its strength. However, while the intense nature of football in the South is a key part of its success on the professional level, it is not the only reason. In fact, there are at least three other reasons why this is true, the first of which being the climate of the region. While it can be oppressively hot at times, living in the South provides a key advantage that is lacking in most other parts of the country: the ability to train year-round. Due to the general competitive nature of football everywhere in America, players practice and play whenever the weather permits. However in many areas, especially northern ones, players are forced to quit practicing, at least outside, when it gets cold out. In the South, though, it stays relatively warm year-round, providing the opportunity to train

outdoors. It is noteworthy that California, arguably the biggest football powerhouse outside of the South, also has a generally mild climate. At the college level many Southern universities use the warm weather as a recruiting tool, pointing out to potential recruits how the temperature in the north drops below freezing. In a Sports Illustrated article Florida State’s Jimbo Fisher is quoted as having the following approach to “skill position” (quarterback, running back, wide receiver, defensive back) players and the weather, particularly in the North. I don't know if we ever said, 'You'll freeze.' But the landscape of playing, especially if you're a skill guy, is not as conducive as it is in The South. The weather can prohibit you from using all your skills at times and prevent you from getting the numbers and recognition and things you want. I think it is a significant difference (Staples, 2009). This is also key as it relates to the next level (NFL), as it keeps already good players in the South where they can further refine their skills against better competition (most likely the SEC), increasing their chances of making it to the NFL and being successful there. Another key aspect of the South is its increase in population, as people move to the region. As noted in an article on newgegraphy.com, “Southern states accounted for more than one half of the nation's population growth between 2011 and 2000, despite having little more than one third of the population” (Cox, 2011). Literally this means there are more people, so one would expect more NFL players if there is a larger pool to draw from. However, there is another important factor related to this: college football players today are choosing to stay closer to home. As noted in the previously mentioned SI article, “Now, the best players are more likely to stay close to home. That,

! combined with the U.S. population's shift to the south, has fundamentally changed the sport.” The article goes on to say:

The model created by [economists] Mike DuMond, Allen Lynch and Jennifer Platania -- rabid college football fans who met while Ph D. candidates at Florida State -- found that among heavily recruited players choosing from among only BCS-conference schools, distance from home is the most important factor in a recruit's choice. DuMond added that top recruits are looking for, ‘a place that is in a BCS conference with a big stadium that is close enough that they can be seen by family and friends.’ As it relates to future glory in the NFL, this trend falls into the same category as warmer weather - it is putting already good football players in some of America’s best football universities, increasing their chances of success in the pro game. The history of sports in the South is also significant. As Rooney (1992) notes, “Another element that promotes the dominance of the high-school and college game in the South is the general absence of professional sports” (p. 71). In fact, until baseball arrived in 1965 when the Milwaukee Braves moved to Atlanta, the South did not have any professional sports teams. This is quite different from areas like the Northeast, where sports like baseball and basketball have long flourished. Therefore, this lack of other activities can be seen as prodding Southerners towards football and subsequently their dominance in this sport. Combined with the reasons already mentioned, it is why the South produces more pro football players than any other region of the country.

! 1.4 Hawaii While all this information about the South is well and good, if you have looked at the data you have probably noticed one abnormality that I will address now: Hawaii.

From a football point of view Hawaii is a rather random state, and you are probably asking yourself why they are so successful on a per capita basis. The answer can be found in the people who live there. Hawaiian natives, Pacific Islanders to be exact, are quite different from the white people who would, in time, conquer them. It is this difference, however, that makes them perfect NFL players. The best example of this Pacific Islander NFL talent is American Samoa, who exports many of its players to Hawaii, where they are counted as part of Hawaii’s statistics. As is noted in Ted Miller’s article, “Talented players from tiny American Samoa are changing the face of football” (2000), Samoans were more or less made to play the game, they are big, strong, tough, and disciplined, exactly the qualities that make up a good football player, and particularly an offensive or defensive lineman. Part of this is due to their physical genetic makeup, while part of it is due to their culture and family structure, which also proves hugely beneficial. Traditional Samoan culture teaches things as diverse as sacrifice, which helps both the individual and the team, and dance, which teaches coordination and agility. And to top it all off, rugby, a sport very similar to football, has long been popular in American Samoa. Therefore, it is not surprising that Pacific Islanders in general, and American Samoans in particular, would make their way to the NFL, especially as linemen. Many have done so through Hawaii in some fashion, which accounts for its high ranking in these categories.

! 1.5 Conclusion Although football players come from all over America, the greatest concentration of players is from the South. This is for a variety of reasons, the first of which is the Southâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s passionate love of the game, which prepares the players better both physically

and mentally. Furthermore, the mild weather, as well as lack of alternatives and a growing population that is staying home produce a climate that is ideally suited to the game and excelling in it. King Cotton no longer applies to the South, but if one were looking for a replacement, King Football would certainly fit the bill.

! References Cox, Wendell. (2011, December 21). “New Census Data Reaffirms Dominance of the ! !

South.” Retrieved from: http://www.newgeography.com/content/002585-new-

census-data-reaffirms-dominance-south

Florida, Richard. (2012, April 26). “Which Parts of the Country Produce the Most NFL ! !

Players?”. Retrieved from: http://www.theatlanticcities.com/arts-and-lifestyle/

2012/04/which-parts-country-produce-most-nfl-players/1840/

Miller, Rich. (2010, September 29). “Where are most NFL players from?” Retrieved ! ! !

from:http://www.14news.com/story/13211111/pittsburgh-high-school-tops-list-

with-most-nfl-players?redirected=true

Miller, Ted. (2000, August 31). “Talented players from tiny American Samoa are chang! !

ing the face of football.” Retrieved from: !!

http://www.seattlepi.com/cfootball/samo29.shtml

(This link is now inactive. The article can be found at: !!

http://www.ipacific.com/forum/index.php?topic=462.0)

Pongetti, Robert. (2004, January 21). “Where's all the talent coming from?” !

Retrieved from: http://rivals100.rivals.com/content.asp?CID=259347

Rooney Jr., John F. and Richard Pillsbury. (1992) Atlas of American Sport. New York: ! !

MacMillian Publishing Co.

“The Great American Sports Atlas.” (2004, December 27). Sports Illustrated, 96 -!!134. Staples, Andy. (2009, January 20). “The State of Recruiting.” Retrieved from: !

http://sportsillustrated.cnn.com/2009/writers/andy_staples/01/20/recruiting

! Zillgitt, Jeff. (2008, April 21). “Pipeline to the NFL? Big states, schools are key.” ! ! !

Retrieved from: http://www.usatoday.com/sports/football/nfl/2008-04-21-

draft-database-cover_N.htm

Appendix

Figure 1

From “Which Parts of the Country Produce the Most NFL Players”, Richard Florida, 2012

Table 1

State C (LS) California 21 Texas 19 Florida 13 Georgia 4 Ohio 12 Louisiana 4 Virginia 7 Pennsylvania 6 Alabama 4 North Carolina 4 Michigan 2 Illinois 5 South Carolina 3 New Jersey 3 Mississippi 1 New York 4 Tennessee 3 Washington 2 Maryland 0 Oklahoma 1 Arizona 4 Colorado 1 Missouri 0 Indiana 1 Wisconsin 5 Arkansas 2 Kentucky 1 Massachusetts 2 Oregon 1 Minnesota 4 Iowa 1 Nebraska 2 Hawaii 6 Kansas 1 Utah 1 Connecticut 1 Idaho 1 Nevada 1 Montana 0 New Mexico 0 West Virginia 1 Wyoming 0 Alaska 0 Delaware 0 South Dakota 0 North Dakota 2 Rhode Island 0 New Hampshire0 Vermont 0 Maine 0

DB 147 144 133 64 59 62 31 25 27 36 24 21 39 18 33 17 14 13 20 13 15 19 13 11 7 11 9 1 6 5 1 4 2 8 1 3 0 2 0 2 2 2 3 1 0 0 1 0 0 0

DE 48 55 55 37 19 25 12 11 21 20 20 15 21 14 11 13 7 7 11 9 2 9 6 5 3 7 4 4 1 1 3 6 5 2 7 7 0 0 2 0 2 3 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 0

DT (NT) 42 45 41 29 12 14 12 8 21 12 14 15 14 15 13 9 12 5 6 3 5 3 8 4 5 6 2 4 1 5 4 3 7 3 5 2 2 0 2 2 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0

G 33 33 18 9 19 9 10 22 10 5 4 13 3 9 10 11 4 12 3 7 7 6 6 4 9 5 3 7 3 8 6 6 4 0 2 4 0 0 0 1 2 0 2 1 0 0 0 0 0 0

K 6 6 8 7 3 0 0 1 0 1 2 0 0 0 1 1 3 3 0 1 3 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0

LB 86 83 85 43 31 17 27 19 21 31 19 22 17 27 16 16 16 9 17 6 9 8 1 6 8 2 8 10 7 6 5 6 3 9 6 5 4 8 2 2 0 3 0 1 4 0 0 0 0 0

P 6 7 2 4 7 2 1 2 1 0 0 2 2 2 0 2 5 0 1 0 1 1 0 2 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 2 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

QB 56 26 17 6 9 11 6 16 9 5 5 9 4 6 5 2 6 8 1 3 6 3 2 6 6 1 4 4 8 1 3 2 0 0 2 1 3 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0

RB 79 63 65 25 25 29 30 25 16 21 19 10 16 17 12 16 7 6 8 12 7 5 11 8 5 9 11 6 2 5 1 7 2 6 1 4 2 4 2 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 2 0 0 0

T 66 45 27 19 17 16 13 20 10 10 19 15 10 10 8 16 8 7 9 5 5 6 8 8 10 7 5 6 7 4 5 2 6 0 3 3 3 0 2 1 0 1 1 3 0 0 0 0 0 0

TE 38 28 14 14 11 14 11 11 13 10 12 12 7 14 7 9 3 15 3 10 6 8 7 6 3 3 3 2 5 4 7 2 2 5 4 2 3 1 1 2 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0

WR 117 70 105 45 34 48 25 18 25 23 18 18 14 14 20 8 11 10 11 8 8 6 11 9 4 5 5 3 6 4 8 1 3 2 2 1 0 1 0 1 2 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0

Total 745 624 583 306 258 251 185 184 178 178 158 157 150 149 137 124 99 97 90 78 78 75 74 70 65 58 56 49 48 48 45 43 40 38 34 33 18 18 13 12 11 10 9 9 7 5 4 1 0 0

Figure 2.1

Players by the Numbers 1 California (745) 2 Texas (624) 3 Florida (583) 4 Georgia (306) 5 Ohio (258) 6 Louisiana (251) 7 Virginia (185) 8 Pennsylvania (184) 9 Alabama (178) 10 North Carolina (178) 11 Michigan (158) 12 Illinois (157) 13 South Carolina (150) 14 New Jersey (149) 15 Mississippi (137) 16 New York (124) 17 Tennessee (99) 18 Washington (97) 19 Maryland (90) 20 Oklahoma (78) 21 Arizona (78) 22 Colorado (75) 23 Missouri (74) 24 Indiana (70) 25 Wisconsin (65) 26 Arkansas (58) 27 Kentucky (56) 28 Massachusetts (49) 29 Oregon (48) 30 Minnesota (48) 31 Iowa (45) 32 Nebraska (43) 33 Hawaii (40) 34 Kansas (38) 35 Utah (34) 36 Connecticut (33) 37 Idaho (18) 38 Nevada (18) 39 Montana (13) 40 New Mexico (12) 41 West Virginia (11) 42 Wyoming (10) 43 Alaska (9) 44 Delaware (9) 45 South Dakota (7) 46 North Dakota (5) 47 Rhode Island (4) 48 New Hampshire (1) 49 Vermont (0) 50 Maine (0)

= 1-10

= 11-20

= 21-30

= 31-40

= 41-50

Figure 2.2

Players per Capita 1 Louisiana (8,941) 2 Mississippi (10,543) 3 Alabama (12,474) 4 South Carolina (14,436) 5 Georgia (15,567) 6 Florida (16,121) 7 Hawaii (16,747) 8 Texas (19,589) 9 Nebraska (20,353) 10 Virginia (21,208) 11 Ohio (21,912) 12 Oklahoma (22,726) 13 Arkansas (24,268) 14 California (25,320) 15 North Carolina (25,882) 16 Wyoming (26,069) 17 New Jersey (29,455) 18 Tennessee (30,640) 19 Maryland (31,536) 20 Colorado (32,549) 21 Michigan (32,554) 22 Iowa (32,959) 23 Pennsylvania (33,072) 24 Washington (33,525) 25 Kansas (36,779) 26 Montana (37,093) 27 Kentucky (37,473) 28 Utah (38,247) 29 Missouri (39,068) 30 Oregon (39,249) 31 Alaska (39,359) 32 Illinois (40,486) 33 Idaho (42,243) 34 Arizona (42,626) 35 Wisconsin (43,639) 36 Indiana (44,992) 37 Delaware (47,390) 38 Connecticut (52,439) 39 South Dakota (56,242) 40 Minnesota (56,306) 41 North Dakota (64,004) 42 Massachusetts (65,241) 43 Nevada (74,985) 44 New York (75,714) 45 New Mexico (80,209) 46 West Virginia (81,433) 47 Rhode Island (134,259) 48 New Hampshire (683,127) 49 Vermont (322,038) 50 Maine (660,385)

= 1-10

= 11-20

= 21-30

= 31-40

= 41-50

Figure 3.1

Centers by the Numbers 1 California (21) 2 Texas (19) 3 Florida (13) 4 Ohio (12) 5 Virginia (7) 6 Hawaii (6) 7 Pennsylvania (6) 8 Wisconsin (5) 9 Alabama (4) 10 Louisiana (4) 11 Minnesota (4) 12 Arizona (4) 13 North Carolina (4) 14 Georgia (4) 15 New York (4) 16 South Carolina (3) 17 New Jersey (3) 18 North Dakota (2) 19 Nebraska (2) 20 Arkansas (2) 21 Massachusetts (2) 22 Washington (2) 23 Michigan (2) 24 Idaho (1) 25 West Virginia (1) 26 Utah (1) 27 Nevada (1) 28 Kansas (1) 29 Mississippi (1) 30 Iowa (1) 31 Connecticut (1) 32 Oklahoma (1) 33 Oregon (1) 34 Kentucky (1) 35 Colorado (1) 36 Indiana (1) 37 Wyoming (0) 38 Vermont (0) 39 Alaska (0) 40 South Dakota (0) 41 Delaware (0) 42 Montana (0) 43 Rhode Island (0) 44 Maine (0) 45 New Hampshire (0) 46 New Mexico (0) 47 Maryland (0) 48 Missouri (0) 49 Tennessee (0) 50 Illinois (0)

= 1-10

= 11-20

= 21-30

= 31-40

= 41-50

Figure 3.2

Centers per Capita 1 Hawaii (111,649) 2 North Dakota (160,011) 3 Nebraska (437,595) 4 Ohio (471,107) 5 Alabama (555,110) 6 Virginia (560,503) 7 Louisiana (561,067) 8 Wisconsin (567,313) 9 Texas (643,341) 10 Minnesota (675,678) 11 Arkansas (703,760) 12 South Carolina (721,801) 13 Florida (722,951) 14 Idaho (760,370) 15 Arizona (831,213) 16 West Virginia (895,758) 17 California (898,261) 18 Pennsylvania (1,014,217) 19 North Carolina (1,151,745) 20 Georgia (1,190,900) 21 Utah (1,300,382) 22 Nevada (1,349,730) 23 Kansas (1,397,585) 24 Mississippi (1,444,458) 25 New Jersey (1,462,921) 26 Iowa (1,483,146) 27 Massachusetts (1,598,393) 28 Washington (1,625,966) 29 Connecticut (1,730,489) 30 Oklahoma (1,772,605) 31 Oregon (1,883,957) 32 Kentucky (2,098,483) 33 New York (2,347,138) 34 Colorado (2,441,157) 35 Michigan (2,571,728) 36 Indiana (3,149,468) 37 Wyoming (260,685) 38 Vermont (322,038) 39 Alaska (354,234) 40 South Dakota (393,694) 41 Delaware (426,508) 42 Montana (482,213) 43 Rhode Island (537,034) 44 Maine (660,385) 45 New Hampshire (683,127) 46 New Mexico (962,513) 47 Maryland (2,838,262) 48 Missouri (2,890,998) 49 Tennessee (3,033,350) 50 Illinois (6,356,295)

= 1-10

= 11-20

= 21-30

= 31-40

= 41-50

Figure 4.1

Defensive Backs by the Numbers 1 California (147) 2 Texas (144) 3 Florida (133) 4 Georgia (64) 5 Louisiana (62) 6 Ohio (59) 7 South Carolina (39) 8 North Carolina (36) 9 Mississippi (33) 10 Virginia (31) 11 Alabama (27) 12 Pennsylvania (25) 13 Michigan (24) 14 Illinois (21) 15 Maryland (20) 16 Colorado (19) 17 New Jersey (18) 18 New York (17) 19 Arizona (15) 20 Tennessee (14) 21 Oklahoma (13) 22 Missouri (13) 23 Washington (13) 24 Arkansas (11) 25 Indiana (11) 26 Kentucky (9) 27 Kansas (8) 28 Wisconsin (7) 29 Oregon (6) 30 Minnesota (5) 31 Nebraska (4) 32 Alaska (3) 33 Wyoming (2) 34 Hawaii (2) 35 Nevada (2) 36 Delaware (1) 37 Rhode Island (1) 38 Utah (1) 39 Iowa (1) 40 Massachusetts (1) 41 North Dakota (0) 42 Vermont (0) 43 South Dakota (0) 44 Montana (0) 45 Maine (0) 46 New Hampshire (0) 47 Idaho (0) 48 West Virginia (0) 49 New Mexico (0) 50 Connecticut (0)

= 1-10

= 11-20

= 21-30

= 31-40

= 41-50

Figure 4.2

Defensive Backs per Capita 1 Louisiana (36,198) 2 Mississippi (43,771) 3 South Carolina (55,523) 4 Florida (70,664) 5 Georgia (74,431) 6 Alabama (82,239) 7 Texas (84,885) 8 Ohio (95,818) 9 Alaska (118,078) 10 Virginia (126,565) 11 Arkansas (127,956) 12 North Carolina (127,972) 13 California (128,323) 14 Colorado (128,482) 15 Wyoming (130,343) 16 Oklahoma (136,354) 17 Maryland (141,913) 18 Kansas (174,698) 19 Michigan (214,311) 20 Tennessee (216,668) 21 Nebraska (218,797) 22 Arizona (221,657) 23 Missouri (222,384) 24 Kentucky (233,165) 25 Pennsylvania (243,412) 26 New Jersey (243,820) 27 Washington (250,149) 28 Indiana (286,315) 29 Illinois (302,681) 30 Oregon (313,993) 31 Hawaii (334,948) 32 Wisconsin (405,224) 33 Delaware (426,508) 34 Rhode Island (537,034) 35 Minnesota (540,542) 36 New York (552,268) 37 Nevada (674,865) 38 Utah (1,300,382) 39 Iowa (1,483,146) 40 Massachusetts (3,196,785) 41 North Dakota (320,022) 42 Vermont (322,028) 43 South Dakota (393,694) 44 Montana (482,213) 45 Maine (660,385) 46 New Hampshire (583,127) 47 Idaho (760,370) 48 West Virginia (895,758) 49 New Mexico (962,513) 50 Connecticut (1,730,489)

= 1-10

= 11-20

= 21-30

= 31-40

= 41-50

Figure 5.1

Defensive Ends by the Numbers 1 Florida (55) 2 Texas (55) 3 California (48) 4 Georgia (37) 5 Louisiana (25) 6 South Carolina (21) 7 Alabama (21) 8 North Carolina (20) 9 Michigan (20) 10 Ohio (19) 11 Illinois (15) 12 New Jersey (14) 13 New York (13) 14 Virginia (12) 15 Mississippi (11) 16 Maryland (11) 17 Pennsylvania (11) 18 Oklahoma (9) 19 Colorado (9) 20 Utah (7) 21 Arkansas (7) 22 Connecticut (7) 23 Tennessee (7) 24 Washington (7) 25 Nebraska (6) 26 Missouri (6) 27 Hawaii (5) 28 Indiana (5) 29 Kentucky (4) 30 Massachusetts (4) 31 Wyoming (3) 32 Iowa (3) 33 Wisconsin (3) 34 Montana (2) 35 West Virginia (2) 36 Kansas (2) 37 Arizona (2) 38 North Dakota (1) 39 Alaska (1) 40 New Hampshire (1) 41 Oregon (1) 42 Minnesota (1) 43 Vermont (0) 44 South Dakota (0) 45 Delaware (0) 46 Rhode Island (0) 47 Maine (0) 48 Idaho (0) 49 New Mexico (0) 50 Nevada (0)

= 1-10

= 11-20

= 21-30

= 31-40

= 41-50

Figure 5.2

Defensive Ends per Capita 1 Wyoming (86,895) 2 Louisiana (89,771) 3 South Carolina (103,114) 4 Alabama (105,735) 5 Georgia (128,746) 6 Mississippi (131,314) 7 Hawaii (133,980) 8 Nebraska (145,865) 9 Florida (170,879) 10 Utah (185,769) 11 Oklahoma (196,956) 12 Arkansas (201,074) 13 Texas (222,245) 14 North Carolina (230,349) 15 Montana (241,107) 16 Connecticut (247,213) 17 Michigan (257,173) 18 Maryland (258,024) 19 Colorado (271,240) 20 Ohio (297,541) 21 New Jersey (313,483) 22 North Dakota (320,022) 23 Virginia (326,960) 24 Alaska (354,234) 25 California (392,989) 26 Illinois (423,753) 27 Tennessee (433,336) 28 West Virginia (447,879) 29 Washington (464,562) 30 Missouri (481,833) 31 Iowa (494,382) 32 Kentucky (524,621) 33 Pennsylvania (553,209) 34 Indiana (629,894) 35 New Hampshire (683,127) 36 Kansas (698,793) 37 New York (722,196) 38 Massachusetts (799,196) 39 Wisconsin (945,522) 40 Arizona (1,662,426) 41 Oregon (1,883,957) 42 Minnesota (2,702,710) 43 Vermont (322,038) 44 South Dakota (393,694) 45 Delaware (426,508) 46 Rhode Island (537,034) 47 Maine (660,385) 48 Idaho (760,370) 49 New Mexico (962,513) 50 Nevada (1,349,730)

= 1-10

= 11-20

= 21-30

= 31-40

= 41-50

Figure 6.1

Defensive Tackles by the Numbers 1 Texas (45) 2 California (42) 3 Florida (41) 4 Georgia (29) 5 Alabama (21) 6 New Jersey (15) 7 Illinois (15) 8 South Carolina (14) 9 Louisiana (14) 10 Michigan (14) 11 Mississippi (13) 12 Tennessee (12) 13 Virginia (12) 14 North Carolina (12) 15 Ohio (12) 16 New York (9) 17 Missouri (8) 18 Pennsylvania (8) 19 Hawaii (7) 20 Arkansas (6) 21 Maryland (6) 22 Utah (5) 23 Minnesota (5) 24 Wisconsin (5) 25 Washington (5) 26 Arizona (5) 27 Iowa (4) 28 Indiana (4) 29 Massachusetts (4) 30 Nebraska (3) 31 Kansas (3) 32 Oklahoma (3) 33 Colorado (3) 34 Montana (2) 35 Idaho (2) 36 New Mexico (2) 37 Connecticut (2) 38 Kentucky (2) 39 Alaska (1) 40 Delaware (1) 41 Oregon (1) 42 Wyoming (0) 43 North Dakota (0) 44 Vermont (0) 45 South Dakota (0) 46 Rhode Island (0) 47 Maine (0) 48 New Hampshire (0) 49 West Virginia (0) 50 Nevada (0)

= 1-10

= 11-20

= 21-30

= 31-40

= 41-50

Figure 6.2

Defensive Tackles per Capita 1 Hawaii (95,699) 2 Alabama (105,735) 3 Mississippi (111,112) 4 South Carolina (154,672) 5 Louisiana (160,305) 6 Georgia (164,262) 7 Florida (229,228) 8 Arkansas (234,589) 9 Montana (241,107) 10 Tennessee (252,779) 11 Utah (260,076) 12 Texas (271,633) 13 Nebraska (291,730) 14 New Jersey (292,584) 15 Virginia (326,960) 16 Alaska (354,234) 17 Missouri (361,375) 18 Michigan (367,390) 19 Iowa (370,787) 20 Idaho (380,185) 21 North Carolina (383,185) 22 Illinois (423,753) 23 Delaware (426,508) 24 California (449,131) 25 Kansas (465,862) 26 Ohio (471,107) 27 Maryland (473,044) 28 New Mexico (481,257) 29 Minnesota (540,542) 30 Wisconsin (567,313) 31` Oklahoma (590,868) 32 Washington (650,386) 33 Arizona (664,970) 34 Pennsylvania (760,663) 35 Indiana (787,367) 36 Massachusetts (799,196) 37 Colorado (813,719) 38 Connecticut (865,245) 39 New York (1,043,172) 40 Kentucky (1,049,242) 41 Oregon (1,883,957) 42 Wyoming (260,685) 43 North Dakota (320,022) 44 Vermont (322,038) 45 South Dakota (393,694) 46 Rhode Island (537,034) 47 Maine (660,385) 48 New Hampshire (683,127) 49 West Virginia (895,758) 50 Nevada (1,349,730)

= 1-10

= 11-20

= 21-30

= 31-40

= 41-50

Figure 7.1

Guards by the Numbers 1 Texas (33) 2 California (33) 3 Pennsylvania (22) 4 Ohio (19) 5 Florida (18) 6 Illinois (13) 7 Washington (12) 8 New York (11) 9 Mississippi (10) 10 Alabama (10) 11 Virginia (10) 12 Louisiana (9) 13 Wisconsin (9) 14 New Jersey (9) 15 Georgia (9) 16 Minnesota (8) 17 Oklahoma (7) 18 Massachusetts (7) 19 Arizona (7) 20 Nebraska (6) 21 Iowa (6) 22 Colorado (6) 23 Missouri (6) 24 Arkansas (5) 25 North Carolina (5) 26 Hawaii (4) 27 Connecticut (4) 28 Tennessee (4) 29 Indiana (4) 30 Michigan (4) 31 Oregon (3) 32 Kentucky (3) 33 South Carolina (3) 34 Maryland (3) 35 Alaska (2) 36 West Virginia (2) 37 Utah (2) 38 Delaware (1) 39 New Mexico (1) 40 Wyoming (0) 41 North Dakota (0) 42 Vermont (0) 43 South Dakota (0) 44 Montana (0) 45 Rhode Island (0) 46 Maine (0) 47 New Hampshire (0) 48 Idaho (0) 49 Nevada (0) 50 Kansas (0)

= 1-10

= 11-20

= 21-30

= 31-40

= 41-50

Figure 7.2

Guards per Capita 1 Mississippi (144,446) 2 Nebraska (145,865) 3 Hawaii (167,474) 4 Alaska (177,117) 5 Alabama (222,044) 6 Iowa (247,191) 7 Louisiana (249,363) 8 Oklahoma (253,229) 9 Washington (270,994) 10 Pennsylvania (276,605) 11 Arkansas (281,504) 12 Ohio (297,541) 13 Wisconsin (315,174) 14 Minnesota (337,839) 15 Texas (370,408) 16 Virginia (392,352) 17 Colorado (406,860) 18 Delaware (426,508) 19 Connecticut (432,622) 20 West Virginia (447,879) 21 Massachusetts (456,684) 22 Arizona (474,979) 23 Missouri (481,833) 24 Illinois (488,946) 25 New Jersey (487,640) 26 Florida (522,131) 27 Georgia (529,289) 28 California (571,621) 29 Oregon (627,986) 30 Utah (650,191) 31 Kentucky (699,494) 32 South Carolina (721,801) 33 Tennessee (759,338) 34 Indiana (787,367) 35 New York (853,505) 36 North Carolina (921,396) 37 Maryland (946,087) 38 New Mexico (962,513) 39 Michigan (1,285,864) 40 Wyoming (260,685) 41 North Dakota (320,022) 42 Vermont (322,038) 43 South Dakota (393,694) 44 Montana (482,213) 45 Rhode Island (537,034) 46 Maine (660,385) 47 New Hampshire (683,127) 48 Idaho (760,370) 49 Nevada (1,349,730) 50 Kansas (1,397,585)

= 1-10

= 11-20

= 21-30

= 31-40

= 41-50

Figure 8.1

Linebackers by the Numbers 1 California (86) 2 Florida (85) 3 Texas (83) 4 Georgia (43) 5 North Carolina (31) 6 Ohio (31) 7 Virginia (27) 8 New Jersey (27) 9 Illinois (22) 10 Alabama (21) 11 Michigan (19) 12 Pennsylvania (19) 13 South Carolina (17) 14 Louisiana (17) 15 Maryland (17) 16 Mississippi (16) 17 Tennessee (16) 18 New York (16) 19 Massachusetts (10) 20 Kansas (9) 21 Washington (9) 22 Arizona (9) 23 Nevada (8) 24 Kentucky (8) 25 Colorado (8) 26 Wisconsin (8) 27 Oregon (7) 28 Nebraska (6) 29 Utah (6) 30 Oklahoma (6) 31 Minnesota (6) 32 Indiana (6) 33 Iowa (5) 34 Connecticut (5) 35 South Dakota (4) 36 Idaho (4) 37 Wyoming (3) 38 Hawaii (3) 39 Montana (2) 40 New Mexico (2) 41 Arkansas (2) 42 Delaware (1) 43 Missouri (1) 44 North Dakota (0) 45 Vermont (0) 46 Alaska (0) 47 Rhode Island (0) 48 Maine (0) 49 New Hampshire (0) 50 West Virginia (0)

= 1-10

= 11-20

= 21-30

= 31-40

= 41-50

Figure 8.2

Linebackers per Capita 1 Wyoming (86,895) 2 Mississippi (90,279) 3 South Dakota (98,424) 4 Alabama (105,735) 5 Florida (110,569) 6 Georgia (110,781) 7 South Carolina (127,377) 8 Louisiana (132,016) 9 Virginia (145,316) 10 Nebraska (145,865) 11 Texas (147,271) 12 North Carolina (148,612) 13 Kansas (155,287) 14 New Jersey (162,547) 15 Maryland (166,957) 16 Nevada (168,716) 17 Ohio (182,364) 18 Tennessee (189,584) 19 Idaho (190,093) 20 Utah (216,730) 21 California (219,343) 22 Hawaii (223,299) 23 Montana (241,107) 24 Kentucky (262,310) 25 Oregon (269,137) 26 Michigan (270,708) 27 Illinois (288,923) 28 Oklahoma (295,434) 29 Iowa (296,629) 30 Colorado (305,145) 31 Massachusetts (319,679) 32 Pennsylvania (320,279) 33 Connecticut (346,098) 34 Wisconsin (354,571) 35 Washington (361,326) 36 Arizona (369,428) 37 Delaware (426,508) 38 Minnesota (450,452) 39 New Mexico (481,257) 40 Indiana (524,911) 41 New York (586,784) 42 Arkansas (703,760) 43 Missouri (2,890,998) 44 North Dakota (320,022) 45 Vermont (322,038) 46 Alaska (354,234) 47 Rhode Island (537,034) 48 Maine (660,385) 49 New Hampshire (683,127) 50 West Virginia (895,758)

= 1-10

= 11-20

= 21-30

= 31-40

= 41-50

Figure 9.1

Quarterbacks by the Numbers 1 California (56) 2 Texas (26) 3 Florida (17) 4 Pennsylvania (16) 5 Louisiana (11) 6 Alabama (9) 7 Tennessee (9) 8 New Jersey (9) 9 Ohio (9) 10 Illinois (9) 11 Oregon (8) 12 Washington (8) 13 Arizona (6) 14 Wisconsin (6) 15 Indiana (6) 16 Virginia (6) 17 Georgia (6) 18 Mississippi (5) 19 North Carolina (5) 20 Michigan (5) 21 Kentucky (4) 22 South Carolina (4) 23 Massachusetts (4) 24 Idaho (3) 25 Iowa (3) 26 Oklahoma (3) 27 Colorado (3) 28 Nebraska (2) 29 Utah (2) 30 Missouri (2) 31 New York (2) 32 Wyoming (1) 33 North Dakota (1) 34 South Dakota (1) 35 Montana (1) 36 West Virginia (1) 37 Nevada (1) 38 Arkansas (1) 39 Connecticut (1) 40 Minnesota (1) 41 Maryland (1) 42 Vermont (0) 43 Alaska (0) 44 Delaware (0) 45 Rhode Island (0) 46 Hawaii (0) 47 New Hampshire (0) 48 Maine (0) 49 New Mexico (0) 50 Kansas (0)

= 1-10

= 11-20

= 21-30

= 31-40

= 41-50

Figure 9.2

Quarterbacks per Capita 1 Louisiana (204,024) 2 Oregon (235,495) 3 Alabama (246,716) 4 Idaho (253,457) 5 Wyoming (260,685) 6 Mississippi (288,892) 7 North Dakota (320,022) 8 California (336,848) 9 Tennessee (337,039) 10 Pennsylvania (380,331) 11 South Dakota (393,694) 12 Washington (406,492) 13 Nebraska (437,595) 14 Texas (470,134) 15 Wisconsin (472,761) 16 Montana (482,213) 17 New Jersey (487,640) 18 Iowa (494,382) 19 Kentucky (524,621) 20 Indiana (524,911) 21 South Carolina (541,351) 22 Florida (552,845) 23 Arizona (554,142) 24 Oklahoma (590,868) 25 Ohio (628,142) 26 Utah (650,191) 27 Virginia (653,920) 28 Illinois (706,255) 29 Georgia (793,933) 30 Massachusetts (799,196) 31 Colorado (813,719) 32 West Virginia (895,758) 33 North Carolina (921,396) 34 Michigan (1,028,691) 35 Nevada (1,349,730) 36 Arkansas (1,407,520) 37 Missouri (1,445,499) 38 Connecticut (1,730,489) 39 Minnesota (2,702,710) 40 Maryland (2,838,262) 41 New York (4,694,276) 42 Vermont (322,038) 43 Alaska (354,234) 44 Delaware (426,508) 45 Rhode Island (537,034) 46 Hawaii (669,896) 47 New Hampshire (683,127) 48 Maine (660,385) 49 New Mexico (962,513) 50 Kansas (1,397,585)

= 1-10

= 11-20

= 21-30

= 31-40

= 41-50

Figure 10.1

Running Backs by the Numbers 1 California (79) 2 Florida (65) 3 Texas (63) 4 Virginia (30) 5 Louisiana (29) 6 Georgia (25) 7 Ohio (25) 8 Pennsylvania (25) 9 North Carolina (21) 10 Michigan (19) 11 New Jersey (17) 12 South Carolina (16) 13 Alabama (16) 14 New York (16) 15 Mississippi (12) 16 Oklahoma (12) 17 Kentucky (11) 18 Missouri (11) 19 Illinois (10) 20 Arkansas (9) 21 Maryland (8) 22 Indiana (8) 23 Nebraska (7) 24 Tennessee (7) 25 Arizona (7) 26 Kansas (6) 27 Massachusetts (6) 28 Washington (6) 29 Colorado (5) 30 Minnesota (5) 31 Wisconsin (5) 32 Nevada (4) 33 Connecticut (4) 34 Montana (2) 35 Rhode Island (2) 36 Hawaii (2) 37 Idaho (2) 38 Oregon (2) 39 Alaska (1) 40 West Virginia (1) 41 New Mexico (1) 42 Utah (1) 43 Iowa (1) 44 Wyoming (0) 45 North Dakota (0) 46 Vermont (0) 47 South Dakota (0) 48 Delaware (0) 49 Maine (0) 50 New Hampshire (0)

= 1-10

= 11-20

= 21-30

= 31-40

= 41-50

Figure 10.2

Running Backs per Capita 1 Louisiana (77,389) 2 Mississippi (120,372) 3 Nebraska (125,027) 4 Virginia (130,784) 5 South Carolina (135,338) 6 Alabama (138,778) 7 Florida (144,590) 8 Oklahoma (147,717) 9 Arkansas (156,391) 10 Georgia (190,544) 11 Kentucky (190,771) 12 Texas (194,023) 13 North Carolina (219,380) 14 Ohio (226,131) 15 Kansas (232,931) 16 California (238,778) 17 Montana (241,107) 18 Pennsylvania (243,412) 19 New Jersey (258,163) 20 Missouri (262,818) 21 Rhode Island (268,517) 22 Michigan (270,708) 23 Hawaii (334,948) 24 Nevada (337,433) 25 Alaska (354,234) 26 Maryland (354,783) 27 Idaho (380,185) 28 Indiana (393,684) 29 Connecticut (432,622) 30 Tennessee (433,336) 31 Arizona (474,979) 32 Colorado (488,231) 33 Massachusetts (532,798) 34 Minnesota (540,542) 35 Washington (541,989) 36 Wisconsin (567,313) 37 New York (586,784) 38 Illinois (635,630) 39 West Virginia (895,758) 40 Oregon (941,979) 41 New Mexico (962,513) 42 Utah (1,300,382) 43 Iowa (1,482,146) 44 Wyoming (260,685) 45 North Dakota (320,022) 46 Vermont (322,038) 47 South Dakota (393,694) 48 Delaware (426,508) 49 Maine (660,385) 50 New Hampshire (683,127)

= 1-10

= 11-20

= 21-30

= 31-40

= 41-50

Figure 11.1

Tackles by the Numbers 1 California (66) 2 Texas (45) 3 Florida (27) 4 Pennsylvania (20) 5 Georgia (19) 6 Michigan (19) 7 Ohio (17) 8 Louisiana (16) 9 New York (16) 10 Illinois (15) 11 Virginia (13) 12 South Carolina (10) 13 Alabama (10) 14 Wisconsin (10) 15 New Jersey (10) 16 North Carolina (10) 17 Maryland (9) 18 Mississippi (8) 19 Missouri (8) 20 Tennessee (8) 21 Indiana (8) 22 Arkansas (7) 23 Oregon (7) 24 Washington (7) 25 Hawaii (6) 26 Colorado (6) 27 Massachusetts (6) 28 Iowa (5) 29 Oklahoma (5) 30 Kentucky (5) 31 Arizona (5) 32 Minnesota (4) 33 Delaware (3) 34 Idaho (3) 35 Utah (3) 36 Connecticut (3) 37 Montana (2) 38 Nebraska (2) 39 Wyoming (1) 40 Alaska (1) 41 New Mexico (1) 42 North Dakota (0) 43 Vermont (0) 44 South Dakota (0) 45 Rhode Island (0) 46 Maine (0) 47 New Hampshire (0) 48 West Virginia (0) 49 Nevada (0) 50 Kansas (0)

= 1-10

= 11-20

= 21-30

= 31-40

= 41-50

Figure 11.2

Tackles per Capita 1 Hawaii (111,649) 2 Louisiana (140,267) 3 Delaware (142,169) 4 Mississippi (180,557) 5 Arkansas (201,074) 6 South Carolina (216,540) 7 Alabama (222,044) 8 Montana (241,107) 9 Georgia (250,716) 10 Idaho (253,457) 11 Wyoming (260,685) 12 Oregon (269,137) 13 Michigan (270,708) 14 Texas (271,333) 15 Wisconsin (283,657) 16 California (285,810) 17 Iowa (296,629) 18 Virginia (301,265) 19 Pennsylvania (304,265) 20 Maryland (315,362) 21 Ohio (332,546) 22 Florida (348,087) 23 Alaska (354,234) 24 Oklahoma (354,521) 25 Missouri (361,375) 26 Tennessee (379,169) 27 Indiana (393,684) 28 Colorado (406,860) 29 Kentucky (419,697) 30 Illinois (423,753) 31 Utah (433,461) 32 Nebraska (437,595) 33 New Jersey (438,876) 34 North Carolina (460,698) 35 Washington (464,562) 36 Massachusetts (532,798) 37 Connecticut (576,830) 38 New York (586,784) 39 Arizona (664,970) 40 Minnesota (675,678) 41 New Mexico (962,513) 42 North Dakota (320,022) 43 Vermont (322,038) 44 South Dakota (393,694) 45 Rhode Island (537,034) 46 Maine (660,385) 47 New Hampshire (683,127) 48 West Virginia (895,758) 49 Nevada (1,349,730) 50 Kansas (1,397,585)

= 1-10

= 11-20

= 21-30

= 31-40

= 41-50

Figure 12.1

Tight Ends by the Numbers 1 California (38) 2 Texas (28) 3 Washington (15) 4 Louisiana (14) 5 New Jersey (14) 6 Georgia (14) 7 Florida (14) 8 Alabama (13) 9 Michigan (12) 10 Illinois (12) 11 Virginia (11) 12 Ohio (11) 13 Pennsylvania (11) 14 Oklahoma (10) 15 North Carolina (10) 16 New York (9) 17 Colorado (8) 18 Mississippi (7) 19 Iowa (7) 20 South Carolina (7) 21 Missouri (7) 22 Indiana (6) 23 Arizona (6) 24 Kansas (5) 25 Oregon (5) 26 Utah (4) 27 Minnesota (4) 28 Idaho (3) 29 Arkansas (3) 30 Kentucky (3) 31 Wisconsin (3) 32 Maryland (3) 33 Tennessee (3) 34 Hawaii (2) 35 Nebraska (2) 36 New Mexico (2) 37 Connecticut (2) 38 Massachusetts (2) 39 North Dakota (1) 40 South Dakota (1) 41 Delaware (1) 42 Montana (1) 43 Rhode Island (1) 44 Nevada (1) 45 Wyoming (0) 46 Vermont (0) 47 Alaska (0) 48 Maine (0) 49 New Hampshire (0) 50 West Virginia (0)

= 1-10

= 11-20

= 21-30

= 31-40

= 41-50

Figure 12.2

Tight Ends per Capita 1 Louisiana (160,305) 2 Alabama (170,803) 3 Oklahoma (177,261) 4 Mississippi (206,351) 5 Iowa (211,878) 6 Washington (216,795) 7 Idaho (253,457) 8 Kansas (279,517) 9 Colorado (305,343) 10 South Carolina (309,343) 11 New Jersey (313,483) 12 North Dakota (320,022) 13 Utah (325,096) 14 Hawaii (334,948) 15 Georgia (340,257) 16 Virginia (356,684) 17 Oregon (376,791) 18 South Dakota (393,694) 19 Missouri (413,000) 20 Delaware (426,508) 21 Michigan (428,621) 22 Texas (436,553) 23 Nebraska (437,595) 24 North Carolina (460,698) 25 Arkansas (469,173) 26 New Mexico (481,257) 27 Montana (482,213) 28 California (496,408) 29 Ohio (513,935) 30 Indiana (524,911) 31 Illinois (529,691) 32 Rhode Island (537,034) 33 Pennsylvania (553,209) 34 Arizona (554,142) 35 Florida (671,311) 36 Minnesota (675,678) 37 Kentucky (699,494) 38 Connecticut (865,245) 39 Wisconsin (945,522) 40 Maryland (946,087) 41 Tennessee (1,011,117) 42 New York (1,043,172) 43 Nevada (1,349,730) 44 Massachusetts (1,598,393) 45 Wyoming (260,685) 46 Vermont (322,038) 47 Alaska (354,234) 48 Maine (660,385) 49 New Hampshire (683,127) 50 West Virginia (895,758)

= 1-10

= 11-20

= 21-30

= 31-40

= 41-50

Figure 13.1

Wide Receivers by the Numbers 1 California (117) 2 Florida (105) 3 Texas (70) 4 Louisiana (48) 5 Georgia (45) 6 Ohio (34) 7 Alabama (25) 8 Virginia (25) 9 North Carolina (23) 10 Mississippi (20) 11 Michigan (18) 12 Pennsylvania (18) 13 Illinois (18) 14 South Carolina (14) 15 New Jersey (14) 16 Maryland (11) 17 Missouri (11) 18 Tennessee (11) 19 Washington (10) 20 Indiana (9) 21 Iowa (8) 22 Oklahoma (8) 23 Arizona (8) 24 New York (8) 25 Oregon (6) 26 Colorado (6) 27 Arkansas (5) 28 Kentucky (5) 29 Minnesota (4) 30 Wisconsin (4) 31 Hawaii (3) 32 Massachusetts (3) 33 West Virginia (2) 34 Utah (2) 35 Nevada (2) 36 Kansas (2) 37 Delaware (1) 38 Nebraska (1) 39 New Mexico (1) 40 Connecticut (1) 41 Wyoming (0) 42 North Dakota (0) 43 Vermont (0) 44 Alaska (0) 45 South Dakota (0) 46 Montana (0) 47 Rhode Island (0) 48 Maine (0) 49 New Hampshire (0) 50 Idaho (0)

= 1-10

= 11-20

= 21-30

= 31-40

= 41-50

Figure 13.2

Wide Receivers per Capita 1 Louisiana (46,756) 2 Mississippi (72,223) 3 Alabama (88,818) 4 Florida (89,508) 5 Georgia (105,858) 6 South Carolina (154,672) 7 Virginia (156,941) 8 California (161,226) 9 Ohio (166,273) 10 Texas (174,621) 11 Iowa (185,393) 12 North Carolina (200,303) 13 Oklahoma (221,576) 14 Hawaii (223,299) 15 Maryland (258,024) 16 Missouri (262,818) 17 Tennessee (275,759) 18 Arkansas (281,504) 19 Michigan (285,748) 20 New Jersey (313,483) 21 Oregon (313,993) 22 Washington (325,193) 23 Pennsylvania (338,072) 24 Indiana (349,941) 25 Illinois (353,128) 26 Colorado (406,860) 27 Arizona (415,606) 28 Kentucky (419,697) 29 Delaware (426,508) 30 West Virginia (447,879) 31 Utah (650,191) 32 Nevada (674,865) 33 Minnesota (675,678) 34 Kansas (698,793) 35 Wisconsin (709,141) 36 Nebraska (875,189) 37 New Mexico (962,513) 38 Massachusetts (1,065,595) 39 New York (1,173,569) 40 Connecticut (1,730,489) 41 Wyoming (260,685) 42 North Dakota (320,022) 43 Vermont (322,038) 44 Alaska (354,234) 45 South Dakota (393,694) 46 Montana (482,213) 47 Rhode Island (547,034) 48 Maine (660,385) 49 New Hampshire (683,127) 50 Idaho (760,370)

= 1-10

= 11-20

= 21-30

= 31-40

= 41-50

Figure 14.1

Kickers by the Numbers 1 Florida (8) 2 Georgia (7) 3 Texas (6) 4 California (6) 5 Tennessee (3) 6 Washington (3) 7 Arizona (3) 8 Ohio (3) 9 Michigan (2) 10 South Dakota (1) 11 Montana (1) 12 Kansas (1) 13 Mississippi (1) 14 Iowa (1) 15 Oklahoma (1) 16 Kentucky (1) 17 Minnesota (1) 18 Missouri (1) 19 North Carolina (1) 20 Pennsylvania (1) 21 New York (1)

= 1-21

Figure 14.2

Kickers per Capita 1 South Dakota (393,694) 2 Montana (482,213) 3 Georgia (680,514) 4 Tennessee (1,011,117) 5 Washington (1,083,977) 6 Arizona (1,108,284) 7 Florida (1,174,795) 8 Kansas (1,397,585) 9 Mississippi (1,444,458) 10 Iowa (1,483,146) 11 Oklahoma (1,772,605) 12 Ohio (1,884,427) 13 Texas (2,037,246) 14 Kentucky (2,098,483) 15 Michigan (2,571,728) 16 Minnesota (2,702,710) 17 Missouri (2,890,998) 18 California (3,143,914) 19 North Carolina (4,606,978) 20 Pennsylvania (6,085,302) 21 New York (9,388,551)

= 1-21

Figure 15.1

Punters by the Numbers 1 Ohio (7) 2 Texas (7) 3 California (6) 4 Tennessee (5) 5 Georgia (4) 6 Nebraska (2) 7 South Carolina(2) 8 Louisiana (2) 9 Indiana (2) 10 New Jersey (2) 11 Pennsylvania (2) 12 Illinois (2) 13 New York (2) 14 Florida (2) 15 Kansas (1) 16 Oregon (1) 17 Alabama (1) 18 Colorado (1) 19 Maryland (1) 20 Arizona (1) 21 Virginia (1)

= 1-21

Figure 15.2

Punters per Capita 1 Nebraska (437,595) 2 Tennessee (606,670) 3 Ohio (807,612) 4 South Carolina (1,082,702) 5 Louisiana (1,122,134) 6 Georgia (1,190,900) 7 Kansas (1,397,585) 8 Indiana (1,574,734) 9 Texas (1,746,211) 10 Oregon (1,883,957) 11 New Jersey (2,194,382) 12 Alabama (2,220,441) 13 Colorado (2,441,157) 14 Maryland (2,838,262) 15 Pennsylvania (3,032,651) 16 California (3,143,914) 17 Illinois (3,178,148) 18 Arizona (3,324,851) 19 Virginia (3,923,521) 20 New York (4,694,276) 21 Florida (4,699,180)

= 1-21