Bài tập tiếng anh 10,11,12 thí điểm theo từng unit có đáp án các dạng bài tập by Dạy Kèm Quy Nhơn Official

BÀI TẬP TIẾNG ANH 10,11,12 THÍ ĐIỂM

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Bài tập tiếng anh 10,11,12 thí điểm theo từng unit có đáp án các dạng bài tập ( Produced by Dạy Kèm Quy Nhơn ) WORD VERSION | 2021 EDITION ORDER NOW / CHUYỂN GIAO QUA EMAIL TAILIEUCHUANTHAMKHAO@GMAIL.COM Tài liệu chuẩn tham khảo Phát triển kênh bởi Ths Nguyễn Thanh Tú Đơn vị tài trợ / phát hành / chia sẻ học thuật : Nguyen Thanh Tu Group Hỗ trợ trực tuyến Fb www.facebook.com/DayKemQuyNhon Mobi/Zalo 0905779594

overworked

(adj)

làm việc quá tải

Unit 1. FAMILY LIFE - KEY

household chore

(n. phr.)

việc nhà

PART 1: VOCABULARY AND GRAMMAR REVIEW

divide chores

(v. phr.)

phân chia công việc nhà

A. VOCABULARY

split chores

(v. phr.)

phân chia công việc nhà

cook

(v.)

nấu ăn

chore equity

(n. phr)

sự bình đẳng trong phân chia việc nhà

do the cooking

(v. phr.)

nấu ăn

be responsible for the household finances (v. phr)

phụ trách các khoản chi tiêu trong gia đình

do the washing-up

(v. phr.)

rửa chén bát

conflict resolution skills

(n. phr.)

kĩ năng giải quyết xung đột

do the shopping

(v. phr.)

đi mua sắm

marital satisfaction

(n. phr.)

sự hài lòng với cuộc sống hôn nhân

shop

(v.)

đi mua sắm

B. GRAMMAR REVIEW

bathe the baby

(v. phr.)

tắm cho em bé

So sánh Hiện tại đơn và Hiện tại tiếp diễn

clean the house

(v. phr.)

lau dọn nhà

1. VỀ DẠNG THỨC CỦA ĐỘNG TỪ

do the heavy lifting

(v. phr.)

làm những việc nặng

Dạng thức của động từ ở thì hiện tại đơn và hiện tại tiếp diễn

do the laundry

(v. phr.)

giặt giũ

Hiện tại đơn:

feed the baby

(v. phr.)

cho em bé ăn

- Động từ thường (V) giữ nguyên hoặc thêm s/es tuỳ theo chủ ngữ. - Động từ to be chia thành am/is hoặc are tuỳ theo chủ ngữ.

fold the clothes

(v. phr.)

gấp quần áo

iron

(v.)

là (quần áo)

Hiện tại tiếp diễn:

lay the table

(v. phr.)

bày bàn ăn

- Động từ chia theo dạng thức am/is hoặc are + V-ing.

set the table

(v. phr.)

bày bàn ăn

mop

(v.)

lau nhà (bằng cây lau nhà)

mow the lawn

(v. phr.)

cắt cỏ (bằng máy)

She is feeding her baby at the moment.

prepare dinner

(v. phr.)

nấu cơm tối

Cô ấy đang cho con ăn.

Ex:

She often feeds her baby five times per day. Cô ấy thường cho con ăn 5 lần một ngày.

2. VỀ CÁCH DÙNG

put away the clothes

(v. phr.)

cất quần áo

sweep the house

(v. phr.)

quét nhà

take out the rubbish

(v. phr.)

đổ rác

Hiện tại đơn:

Khác biệt 1

tidy up the house

(v. phr.)

dọn dẹp nhà cửa

Diễn tả những hành động thường xuyên xảy ra, có tính lặp đi lặp lại

water the houseplants

(v. phr.)

tưới cây cảnh (cây trồng trong nhà)

Dấu hiệu nhận biết: các trạng từ tần suất như: never - không bao giờ, sometimes - đôi khi, often thường xuyên, usually – thường thường, always – luôn luôn, once a week – một lần 1 tuần, ...

housewife

(n.)

bà nội trợ

house husband

(n. phr)

người chồng ở nhà nội trợ (vợ đi làm)

Hiện tại tiếp diễn:

breadwinner

(n.)

trụ cột gia đình (người làm kiếm tiền nuôi

Diễn tả hành động xảy ra ngay tại thời điểm nói hoặc xung quanh thời điểm nói.

homemaker

(n.)

người nội trợ

bây giờ, vào lúc này, ... và các câu mệnh lệnh: Be Quiet! - Yên lặng nào! Listen! - Nghe nào!, ...

homemaking

(n.)

công việc nội trợ

gia đình)

Dấu hiệu nhận biết: các trạng từ thời gian: at the moment, at present, now - đều mang nghĩa là Ex:

My younger sister always does the washing-up after meals. Em gái tôi luôn rửa bát sau mỗi bữa ăn.

My younger sister is doing the washing-up now.

C. CÁC ĐỘNG TỪ ĐẶC TRƯNG TRONG TỪNG THÌ

Em gái tôi đang rửa bát.

1. CÁC ĐỘNG TỪ THƯỜNG DÙNG Ở HIỆN TẠI ĐƠN

Khác biệt 2

"Stative verbs" (động từ tình thái) miêu tả trạng thái hơn là một hành động cụ thể - thường được chia ở hiện tại đơn.

Hiện tại đơn: Diễn tả những chân lý, sự thật hiển nhiên, sự việc có tính chất lâu dài, ổn định

Các động từ tình thái bao gồm:

Hiện tại tiếp diễn:

• Động từ chỉ sự tri nhận: feel (cảm thấy), hear (nghe thấy), see (nhìn thấy), smell (có mùi), taste

Diễn tả những xu hướng hay những hành động, sự việc mang tính chất tạm thời ở hiện tại

(có vị) ...

Ex:

The Moon orbits the Earth. - (Sự thật hiển nhiên) Mặt Trăng quay quanh Trái Đất. She works in a hospital. - (Sự việc ổn định, lâu dài) Cô ấy làm việc trong một bệnh viện. She is working with Chinese doctors this month. - (Sự việc tạm thời) (Tháng này, cô ấy đang làm việc với các bác sĩ người Trung Quốc.)

Khác biệt 3 Hiện tại đơn:

• Động từ chỉ quan điểm nhận thức: agree (đồng ý), believe (tin), disagree (không đồng ý), know (biết), think (nghĩ rằng, cho rằng) ... • Động từ chỉ sự yêu/ghét: dislike (không thích), enjoy (yêu thích), hate (ghét), like (thích), love (yêu). • Động từ chỉ sự sở hữu: belong (thuộc về), have (có), include (bao gồm), own (sở hữu), possess (sở hữu)... • Một số động từ khác: appear (có vẻ), need (cần), seem (có vẻ, dường như), want (muốn), wish (ước). Ex:

Diễn tả lịch trình, thời gian biểu cố định Hiện tại tiếp diễn: Kế hoạch trong tương lai có sự sắp xếp Ex:

Mary is owning an expensive car. (Sai) 2. CÁC ĐỘNG TỪ THƯỜNG DÙNG Ở HIỆN TẠI TIẾP DIỄN Các động từ thể hiện sự thay đổi hay xu hướng thì thường được dùng ở thì hiện tại tiếp diễn: get

The train leaves at six a.m tomorrow.

(trở nên), fall (giảm), grow (tăng, phát triển), begin (bắt đầu), change (thay đổi), become (trở

Chuyến tàu khởi hành lúc 6 giờ sáng ngày mai.

nên), improve (cải thiện, tiến bộ), increase (tăng)

The Bakers are leaving for Paris tomorrow.

Ex:

Gia đình nhà Bakers sẽ khởi hành đi Paris ngày mai.

Bill is getting taller this year. Năm nay Bill đang dần cao hơn.

Khác biệt 4

Demands for Christmas gifts are growing.

Hiện tại đơn:

Nhu cầu mua quà Giáng Sinh đang tăng.

Diễn tả thói quen đơn thuần ở hiện tại Hiện tại tiếp diễn: Kết hợp với always, diễn tả sự phàn nàn về những hành động lặp lại gây khó chịu cho người khác Ex:

Mary owns an expensive car. (Đúng)

My father always goes to bed at 9 p.m.

3. CÁC ĐỘNG TỪ DÙNG ĐƯỢC Ở CẢ 2 THÌ NHƯNG MANG Ý NGHĨA KHÁC NHAU taste The soup tastes good.

I am tasting the soup.

Món canh này có vị ngon đấy.

Tớ đang nếm món canh này.

look

Bố tớ luôn đi ngủ vào 9 giờ tối.

They look happy together.

Why are you looking at me?

My father is always snoring.

Họ trông thật hạnh phúc bên nhau.

Tại sao cậu lại nhìn tớ thế?

Bố tớ suốt ngày ngáy.

weigh

The oranges weigh a kilo.

She is weighing these oranges.

5. A. Indicate

Những quả cam này nặng 1 cân.

Cô ấy đang cần những quả cam.

B. VOCABULARY AND GRAMMAR

enjoy

B. Forefinger

C. Procedure

D. Enemy

1. Match the two columns to make correct phrases.

Kate enjoys parties.

Kate is enjoying the party.

1. set

a. the floor

Kate thích tiệc tùng.

Kate đang tận hưởng bữa tiệc.

2. mop

b. the houseplants

3. feed

c. the heavy lifting

see I see your point.

I am seeing an old friend.

4. water

d. the baby

Tớ hiểu ý cậu.

Tớ chuẩn bị đi gặp một người bạn

5. do

e. the table

II. Choose the odd one out.

cũ. have

B. household chore

C. breadwinner

D. financial

Laura has a big house.

Laura is having dinner.

2. A. mop

B. lawn

C. equity

D. resolution

Laura có một ngôi nhà lớn.

Laura đang ăn tối.

3. A. split

B. bathe

C. overworked

D. tidy

think

1. A. satisfaction

4. A. housekeeper

B. housewife

C. houseplant

D. homemaker

I think you're right.

What are you thinking about?

5. A. conflict

B. marital

C. chore

D. finance

Tớ nghĩ rằng cậu đã đúng.

Bạn đang suy nghĩ về điều gì vậy?

III. Choose the best options to fill in the blanks.

consider

1. My mother is ____ for taking care of the home and the family.

I consider you my friend.

I am considering your advice.

A. responsible

Tớ xem cậu là bạn. cậu.

Tớ đang suy nghĩ về lời khuyên của

C are correct.

B. takes the responsibility

C. take the duty

D. Both B &

2. Women usually manage ____ better than men do. PART 2: EXERCISES

A. household finances

A. PHONETICS

B. household machines

C. housewives

houseplants

1. Choose the word that has the underlined part pronounced differently from the others.

3. My parents ____. My mother usually does more housework than my father.

1. A. responsible

B. homemaker

C. mow

D. overworked

A. divide chores equally

B. split chores unequally

2. A. bathe

B. finance

C. program

D. cat

C. don't share housework equally

D. Both B & C are correct.

3. A. lifting

B. routine

C. split

D. divide

4. Equal share of household duties helps increase ____.

4. A. clothes

B. fold

C. groceries

D. iron

5. A. duty

B. clusters

C. rubbish

D. washing-up

A. job satisfaction marital satisfaction

B. couple satisfaction

C. wedding satisfaction

II. Pick out the word whose stress pattern is different from that of theothers. Circle A, B, C or D.

5. It's not easy to gain ____ between husbands and wives, even in developed countries.

1. A. Private

B. Provide

C. Arrange

D. Advise

6. He decided that he wanted to be a ____ while his wife worked full-time.

2. A. Resurface

B. Knowledge

C. Technical

D. Export

3. A. Medical

B. Entertainment

C. Atmosphere

D. Suburb

correct

4. A. Recipe

B. Cinema

C. Similar

D. Expertise

7. Negotiation and conflict ____ skills are very important to every woman in modern life.

A. equal chore A. homemaker

B. chore equally B. house husband

C. chore equal C. housewife

D. chore equity D. Both A & B are

A. resolution

B. revolution

C. renovation

D. communication

8. My sunflower seeds must be ____ twice a day so that they will sprout in a few days. A. watered

B. dried

C. picked

D. spread

IV. Complete the following sentences using the given phrases. There are two phrases that you don't need.

C. Wash your hands carefully before eating. 4. Let's lay the table. ____. A. It's time for lunch. B. We should call to reserve a table. C. We should do the washing-up before we leave.

bathing the baby

mop the house

folding the clothes

watering the houseplants

doing the laundry

doing the shopping

take out the garbage

doing the cooking

feeding the cats

do the washing-up 1. My mother is not ________ doing the cooking_________ because we are eating out today. 2. My grandfather is not ______ doing the shopping ______. He'd better stay home since he's sick. 3. She is visiting her grandparents in the countryside tomorrow, so she is _____ folding the clothes _______ and packing her stuff. 4. It's wet in the living room. My brother is ______ watering the houseplants ______. 5. Susan would like to have a washing machine. She's tired of ______ doing the laundry ______ every day. 6. Sometimes, guests are expected to help ______ do the washing-up ________ after parties. 7. It smells awful in the kitchen. Don't you _________ take out the garbage ________? 8. It's dirty in your house. Why don't you ________ mop the house ________? V. Choose the best options to complete the following sentences.

5. Look! It's raining. Hurry and ____. A. put away the clothes

B. fold the clothes

C. iron the clothes

6. As the breadwinner of the family, ____. A. Sarah quitted her job to take care of her home B. Sarah works hard to support her family C. Sarah stays at home to educate her children 7. There is chore equity in Mr. and Mrs. Brown's family. ____. A. They share the equal amount of housework. B. Mr. Brown is the breadwinner and Mrs. Brown is the homemaker. C. Mrs. Brown does more housework than Mr. Brown. 8. Husbands should help do the heavy lifting such as ____. A. helping the children with Math problems. B. repairing the roof of the house C. cooking and watering houseplants VI. Choose the right words to the pictures. feed the cat

do the shopping

lay the table

cook

bathe the baby

do the washing-up

1. ______cook______

2. ____do the shopping_____

3. _____feed the cat_____

1. As a homemaker, ____. A. she does a lot of online jobs at home to earn money B. she spends most of her time taking care of her family C. she doesn't have time to look after her children 2. She is overworked, ____. A. so she doesn't earn enough money to support her family B. so she doesn't have time to take care of her home C. so she spends a lot of time with her children 3. Sweetie, get yourself prepared for dinner. ____. A. You are cooking dinner today. B. You should help me cook dinner.

5. A. Many children are too lazy to help their parents with housework. B. The girl is doing some cleaning with her mother.

4. __ do the washing-up ____

5. ____lay the table_____

C. The girl is doing the cooking while her mother is sweeping the 6. ____bathe the baby____

VII. Choose the sentence that best describes the picture. 1. A. Bathing a newborn baby is never an easy task as it requires skill and experience. B. Mrs. Laura and her ten-year-old daughter go to the swimming pool every day. C. Shaking a baby is believed to have bad impacts on his/her development. 2. A. The man is taking out the rubbish. B. Rubbish should be thrown away every day or it may cause awful smell. C. The child is setting the table for dinner. 3. A. The girl is ironing her clothes. B. Clothes are being folded neatly. C. Susan is putting clothes in an airing cupboard. 4. A. Mopping the garden path is David's favourite activity. B. Though David has a lot of spare time, he hardly helps his parents do the gardening.

kitchen floor. VIII. Choose the correct options to complete the following sentences. 1. They ____ rugby twice a week. A. play

B. are playing

2. ____ breakfast every morning? A. Are you having

B. Do you have

3. It ____, so they have to cancel the horse race today. A. rains

B. is raining

4. Our tour guide ____ three languages. A. speaks

B. is speaking

5. We ____ the way. I wish we brought a map. A. don't know

B. aren't knowing

6. Listen! The DJ ____ my favourite song. A. plays

B. is playing

7. ____ the food at this restaurant? A. Do you like

B. Are you liking

8. I ____, I ____. A. am not laughing - am crying

B. don't laugh - cry

IX. Complete the sentences using the Present Simple or the Present Continuous. 1. I (leave) _____leave____ home at 7 o'clock every morning. 2. She (work) ___works____ in the Sales Department in London, but at the moment she (do) ____is doing____ a training course in Bristol. 3. Linda (clean) _____cleans_____ her house every weekend.

C. At the weekend, David usually helps his grandmother mow

4. He (try) ____tries______very hard in every game that he (play) _____plays_____.

the lawn.

5. Excuse me. I think that you (sit) _____are sitting_______ in my seat. 6. (you, listen) _____Do you listen_______ to the radio very often? 7. Don't talk to me now. I (write) ______am writing________ an important letter. 8. Why (they, drive) _____do they drive_______ on the left in Britain?

9. It usually (rain) ___rains_____ here a lot, but it (not rain) _____is not raining____ now. 10. What are you doing? - I (bake) _____am baking_______ a cake at the moment.

6. I always cook, but today is Women's Day, so my husband ____is preparing____ dinner in the kitchen.

X. Decide whether the following sentences are correct or incorrect.

7. The residents in my neighborhood ___take out___ the garbage at 5 p.m. every day when the

1. He's having a bath at the moment.

bin lorry comes.

A. Correct

8. Mary's wrist was broken once, so now she rarely _____does______ the heavy lifting.

B. Incorrect

XII. Find ONE mistake in each sentence and fill in the blank with the correct word(s).

2. He's hating doing the heavy lifting. A. Correct

1. As a single mom, she have to be both the homemaker and the breadwinner.

B. Incorrect

____________________has_______________________________________________________ ___________

3. My roommate and I always share the housework equally. A. Correct

B. Incorrect

2. My younger brother is unhappy that he makes the washing-up by himself.

4 Jenny usually eats out because she is not knowing how to cook. A. Correct

__________________________________does________________________________________

B. Incorrect

___________

5. I usually do the laundry, but I'm sick today so my brother does it. A. Correct

3. My mom is busy today, so I prepare the meal for the whole family.

B. Incorrect

_______________________am

6. She's believing that men have to do housework as well. A. Correct

preparing_______________________________________________________

B. Incorrect

4. My father drives me to school every morning, but this week I go by bus.

7. We are painting the living room for Christmas. It's really hard work. A. Correct

________________________________________________am

B. Incorrect

going_________________________________

8. We get up at seven every morning, and then we are having coffee and a small breakfast. A. Correct

B. Incorrect

9. Sometimes I am watching American films on TV, but I'm not understanding the words. A. Correct

B. Incorrect

XIII. Choose the correct options to complete the following sentences.

10. You do not eat much today. Are you ill? A. Correct

1. Why ____ you always ____ over spilt milk? I am tired of what you say.

B. Incorrect

A. are - crying

XI. Fill in the blanks with the correct forms of the verbs given. Use negative form if necessary. You can use a word twice. have

take out

take

5. Typically, the elderly is sent to a nursing home if they cannot take care of themselves. __________________are_________________________________________________________ __________

split

prepare

shop

B. do – cry

C. do - drink

2. We are all in the garden for the monthly family gathering. I am preparing some omelets and eel soup for the whole family. They ____ us healthy. do

1. I usually ______take______ the bus to school, but this morning I'm walking. 2. My mom is not at home. She ______is shopping______ for groceries now.

A. are keeping

B. keep

C. will

3. Look! That girl is very attractive. - Yeah, she ____ me of an old friend of mine. A. reminds

B. is reminding

C. will remind

3. I'm very busy, so I only _______do_____ the laundry every Saturday morning.

4. What ____ you ____? - Nothing. I am just trying to say that Laura won't be available this

4. They _____do not split______ housework among members in Ann's family. She has to do all

Sunday.

the chores. 5. Kate always _____has_______ her dog fed by her neighbor every time she goes on business trips.

A. are - meaning

B. do – mean

C. are - meant

5. I will go to Frankfurt tomorrow. What time ____ the train from Berlin ____?

A. will – leave

B. is - leaving

C. does – leave

6. Which one do you prefer: the red or the black car? – I ____ the red car looks better. A. am thinking

B. think

C. thought

B. drives

C. just drove

8. Only when he ____ truly sorry can I accept his apology. A. feels

B. is feeling

C. will feel

9. Would you like some soup? - Wow. It ____ good. Can you get me some? Thanks. A. is smelling

B. is tasting

C. smells

10. Will you accompany me to the graduation prom next Friday? - Yes, if nothing comes up. I ____. A. am promising

B. will promise

The survey also aimed to find out whether women's were happier if men shared more of the burden. In fact, they find that men report fewer family conflicts and greater well-being while

7. Felix is very rich. He ____ a Mercedes. A. is driving

involved in their children's activities, which means more chores for them. This group of women also report more marital satisfaction.

C. promise

XIV. Complete the sentences using the Present simple or the Present Continuous. 1. The children must be in bed now. They (not watch) ___are not watching___ TV because they are too tired. 2. Hi Betty. For what are you calling me now at 2 a.m.? - I (need) _____need_____ your help now. 3. (you, have) ____Do you have_____ a map with you now? 4. Do you have a minute? - Sorry. I (not have) ______do not have_______ time now. 5. In case someone (call) _____calls__________, tell them I am not home. C. READING 1. Read the passage and do the tasks below. While couples without a clear or equal chore division may encounter quarrels over who does what, a recent survey finds the divorce rate among couples sharing chores equally is about fifty percent higher than those in which wives do more or most of the housework, which can be a slap in the face for gender equality.

women appear to be largely unmoved. This may be partly because they feel less guilty or simply learn how to have a quiet life. Part 1. Choose no more than THREE WORDS from the reading text that have the same meaning as the given definition to fill in each blank. 1. process or result of dividing household responsibilities - _____chore division______ 2. view that requires the same rights, benefits, etc. regardless of sexes - ____gender equality_____ 3. tie or bond between people who agree on certain conditions - ___contractual relationship_____ 4. ability to solve one's conflicts with other people - ___conflict resolution skills____ 5. subjective evaluation of how satisfied people are in their marriage - ___marital satisfaction___ 6. general health and happiness - ____well-being_____ Part 2. Choose the best answers for the following questions. 1. What is the best title for the above reading text? A. The divorce rate among modern families B. Factors that cause conflicts between husbands and wives C. The share of chores and marital happiness 2. What may turn marriage into a contractual relationship? A. Too much housework B. The way couples organize their families and the clear-cut chore division C. Task and duties that are unclearly assigned

The researchers explain that modern couples organize their marriage and work out the tasks and duties, which may gradually turn their marriage into a business or contractual

3. What does it mean by "unmoved"?

relationship. The woman may gradually feel less needed or happy and what's worse is that no

4. How do men feel when they do more housework than before?

one would care to help if something is not among their assigned chores. That seems to encourage conflicts rather than conflict resolution skills. On the contrary, in families without equal task division women tend to be responsible for more chores than men. While they believe they can exchange their roles for their husbands', many women believe they are most naturally suited for certain tasks. They simply enjoy being

A. happy A. Happier

B. disappointed B. Sympathetic towards women

5. What can be inferred from the reading text? A. Chores themselves do not affect one's marital satisfaction. B. Household chores should be done by women.

C. unshaken C. Reluctant

C. There should be equality in everything to gain marital happiness.

5. I hate living in England since it rains all day.

6. What does the word "they" in the fourth paragraph mean? A. Women

B. Men

A. It is raining in England at the moment. B. It is going to rain for many days in England.

C. Women & men

Part 3. Decide whether the following statements are True (T), False (F) or Not Given (NG). T

C. As far as I'm concerned, it rains a lot in England. III. Choose the best answer to fill in the blank.

1. There is an increasing divorce rate among couples in families with

Today computers come ____ (1) all shapes and sizes. There were still big computers for companies or universities. There are other special computers for factories. These large computers

unequal chore

tell the fatory machines ____ (2) to do. But there are also small ____ (3) computers to use at home or in an office. There are even computers in telephones, television ____ (4), and cars.

division. F

2. Couples in families with equal housework division know how best to solve

These computers have to be small. They are so small that you cannot ____ (5) see all their parts. Computers are very useful, but they also can ____ (6) problems. One kind of problems is

conflicts. 3. Women in families without equal task division believe they can do

with the computer's memory. It is not perfect so sometimes computers ____ (7) important

information. Another problem is with the machinery. Computers are machines, and machines can break down. When the computers break down, they may ____ (8) information, ____ (9) chalk on

things that men do. NG

4. Most of the women who do more household chores have husbands working full-

should not work with computers all day.

time. II. Choose the TRUE sentences according to the given statements. 1. I meet Alex at seven on Thursdays. A. Alex and I make an arrangement at seven this Thursday. B. I meet Alex every Thursday. C. I don't meet Alex on all the days of the week but Thursday. 2. John's being weird today. A. Today John is not himself. John today.

a blackboard. Or they may stop doing anything at all. And there is ____ (10) different kind of problem with computers. Some doctors say they may be bad for your health. They say you

B. John is always weird.

C. We do not like

3. Do you smoke? A. Is smoking one of your habits? B. I see that you are smoking. C. Don't you know I hate smoke? 4. Little Andy's fourth birthday party is starting at 6 p.m. tonight. A. Andy's birthday party always starts at 6 p.m. every year. B. Andy's birthday party is set to be at 6 p.m. tonight. C. Andy's parents are those who decide on the time of his birthday party.

1. A. at

B. in

C. under

D. with

2. A. everything

B. something

C. what

D. thing

3. A. personal

B. private

C. individual

D. owner's

4. A. pictures

B. outfits

C. boxes

D. sets

5. A. even

B. still

C. at all

D. almost

6. A. get

B. cause

C. suffer

D. gain

7. A. lose

B. miss

C. misplace

D. misunderstand

8. A. clean

B. erase

C. wipe

D. scrape

9. A. as

B. like

C. such as

D. for instance

10. A. yet

B. other

C. more

D. another

IV. Choose the sentence which is closest in meaning with the given one. 1. It rained during the match, but we enjoyed it all the same. A. It rained during the match and we did not enjoy the match. B. It rained during the match and we enjoyed it less. C. It rained during the match and we enjoyed it in the same way as others. D. It rained during the match but we enjoyed it.

2. Donald could not help weeping when he heard the bad news.

C. It took him three months to get over his illness.

A. Donald could not stop himself from weeping at the bad news. B. Donald could not allow himself to sweep at the bad news.

D. It took three months for his illness to get over. 9. Though he tried hard, he didn't succeed.

C. Donald could not help himself and so he wept.

A. However hard he tried, he didn't succeed.

D. Donald could not help himself because he was weeping.

succeed. C. However he didn't succeed, he tried hard.

3. "When I met my long-lost brother, I was at a loss for words." A. When the speaker met his brother, he was puzzled about what to say.

D. However he tried hard but he

didn't succeed. 10. Joe still likes Madonna.

B. When the speaker met his brother, he had much to say. C. When the speaker met his brother, he refused to say anything. D. When the speaker met his brother, he had nothing pleasant to say. 4. It's a pity that you didn't tell us about this. A. I wish you told us about this. about this.

B. I wish you would tell us

C. I wish you had told us about this.

D. I wish you have told us

A. Joe was a fan of Madonna's for years. for years.

B. Joe has been a fan of Madonna's

C. Joe used to like Madonna years ago.

D. Joe is being a fan of Madonna.

D. WRITING I. Use the given words to write sentences in present simple or present continuous tense. Remember to capitalize the initial letter of each sentence. 1. She/ only/ know/ three/ word/ Italy.

about this.

She only knows three words in Italian.

5. Without transportation, our modern society could not exist. A. Our modern society could not exist if there is no transportation.

2. I/ usually/ walk,/ but/ I/ travel/ bus/ this week. I usually walk, but I am travelling by bus this week.

B. Our modern society will not exist without having traffic. C. If there were no transportation, our society would not exist.

3. The sun/ shine. Let/ do/ laundry.

D. If transportation no longer exists, our society will not either.

The sun is shining. Let’s do the laundry. 4. Vietnam/ an extended family/ usually consist/ three or four/ generations.

6. The newspaper has a circulation of five million. A. The paper is five million years old. the newspaper.

B. Five million people read

C. Five million newspaper are put in a circle. shape.

D. The newspaper is round in

7. No sooner had they found her number than they called her.

B. However he tried hard, he didn't

In Vietnam, an extended family usually consists of three or four generations. 5. Every day/ I/ leave/ my flat/ eight/ walk/ my university. Every day I leave my flat at eight and walk to my university. II. Write a paragraph about doing household chores. Nowadays when the society develops day by day, people have no time in doing

B. They found her number sooner or later.

chores, especially women. Not only do they have full-time of job, but they also take care of children and do the housework. In my opinion, family members should share housework

C. They called her number sooner or later.

together. One reason is that sharing housework can connect family members. Adult

A. They called her as soon as they found her number.

D. They found her number as soon as they called her. 8. He got over his illness in three months. A. It took to get over his illness in three months. B. It took three months for him to get over his illness.

members do labors like laundry and cooking, children just do simple chores like watering garden or making their bed. Sharing housework makes us feel less tired and equal. Another reason is that doing housework brings knowledge organization of things, especially children. They will know how to keep their belongings tidied and everything kept

clean as well. In addition, we will feel responsible for our family. In conclusion, we should

II. Choose the word whose stress pattern is different from that of the others.

share housework to improve family life.

1. A. deny

B. remote

C. income

D. unique

III. Rewrite the following sentences without changing their meaning, using the given words.

2. A. nature

B. subject

C. scenery

D. tuition

It's a long time since he last called me.

3. A. admire

B. Internet

C. violent

D. website

He hasn't ______called me for a long time_______

4. A. government

B. linguistics

C. territory

D. journalism

When did he get the job?

5. A. mausoleum

B. vegetarian

C. intermediate

D. informative

How long ago ________did he get the job_________

B. VOCABULARY AND GRAMMAR

I advise you to book a table in advance.

I. Choose the best answer from the four options marked A, B, C or D to complete each

If I __________were you, I would book a table in advance___________

sentence below.

I don't want to tell them the secret.

1. If Hoa ____ rich, she would travel around the world.

2. 3. 4.

I would rather _______not tell them the secret_______ 5.

A. is

If I improved my English speaking skill, I would easily get that job. Were _____I to improve my English speaking skill, I would easily get that

job________ 6.

A. not only A. so

B. buying

C. buy

D. has bought

B. so

C. only

D. can

B. so that

C. more over

D. however

C. who

D. where

C. going

D. went

C. yesterday

D. time

5. Mrs. Hoa ____ sings very well is Nam's mother.

The policeman made him confess after three days.

A. which

B. whom

6. Hung enjoys ____ fishing and boating.

Nga finds Maths easier than Physics.

A. to go

Physics is not _______as easy as Maths for Nga________ 10.

D. been

4. It is raining very hard, ____ we can't go camping.

It took her nearly an hour to do the crossword.

He was _________made the confess after three days _________________ 9.

A. bought

We wanted to get good seats so we arrived early.

She spent _______ nearly an hour doing the crossword ____________ 8.

C. were

3. Nam ____ speaks Chinese but also speaks Japanese.

In order ________ to get good seats, we arrived early ________ 7.

B. was

2. Ba ____ a new bicycle recently.

B. go

7. We must finish our project ____.

I advise you to see a doctor.

A. on time

You ought __________to see a doctor_________

B. in time

8. ____ a kind of everlasting energy, solar energy may be the solution to our crisis.

PART 3: TEST YOURSELF

A. Because

A. PHONETICS

B. Since

C. As

D. With

9. Students ____universities may have many difficulties in finding good study methods.

I. Choose the word whose underlined part is pronounced differently from that of the others.

A. enter

B. entering

C. that enter

D. who enter

C. Feeling

D. Having

10. ____ tired, I went to bed early.

1. A. Tamil

B. Islam

C. reaction

D. gather

2. A. official

B. mosque

C. optional

D. tropical

3. A. collection

B. necessary

C. explanation

D. reputation

4. A. casual

B. occasion

C. impression

D. usually

stolen

5. A. compulsory

B. adult

C. publish

D. campus

12. My dog as well as my cats ____ twice a day.

A. To feel

B. Felt

11. Either John or his brothers ____ the money. A. has stolen

B. have stolen

C. has been stolen

D. have been

A. eat

B. eats

C. has eaten

D. have eaten

B. aren't you

C. will you

D. don't you

A. do you A. went

B. going

C. go

D. to go

15. I wish you ____ to the theater last night, but you didn't. A. would come

B. had come

C. was coming

D. came

II. Choose the underlined words or phrases (A, B, C or D) that are incorrect in standard English. 1. My father prefers watching films at home than going to the cinema. B

2. Women nowadays have more free to participate in social activities. A

3. She hadthe gardener to plantsome trees. A B

5. Come upto my place and we will discuss it. A B

college or university, sometimes (2) ____ a part-time basis while having a job and looking after a family. These students are often (3) ____ motivated and work very hard. Younger students are often thought to be lazy and careless about money but this (4) ____ is changing. In Britain reduced government support for higher education means that students can no longer rely on having their expenses (5) ____ for them. Formerly, students received a grant towards their living expenses. Now most can only get a loan (6) ____ has to be paid back. Since 1999 they have paid over £1 000 towards tuition (7) ____ and this amount will increase up to a maximum of £3 000. In the US students already (8) ____ pay for tuition and room and board. Many get a financial aid package which may (9) ____ grants, scholarships and loans. The fear of having large debts places (10) ____ pressure on students and many take part-time jobs during the term and work full-time in the vacations.

4. The churchwhere we are going to visit isn't far from here. A

The popular image of student life is of young people with few responsibilities enjoying themselves and (1) ____ very little work. This is often not true. Many older people now study at

14. The teacher advised the children ____ and see the dentist regularly.

I. Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or Don your answer sheet to indicate the correct word or phrase for each of the blanks.

13. Do it right now, ____?

1. A. producing

B. carrying

C. doing

D. making

2. A. for

B. with

C . on

D. at

3. A. highly

B. mainly

C. absolutely

D. adequately

4. A. position

B. state

C. situation

D. condition

5. A. paying

B. paid

C. pay

D. to pay

III. Give the correct form of the words in CAPITAL to complete the sentences.

6. A. whether

B. what

C. which

D. who

1. He treated them with ______generosity_______. (GENEROUS)

7. A. money

B. fees

C. allowances

D. charge

2. There are many people living in ____poverty_____ now in the world. (POOR)

8. A. had better

B. should

C. may

D. have to

3. My new car is more ____economical______ than the one I had before. (ECONOMY)

9. A. include

B. consist

C. compose

D. belong

4. How many _____competitors________ entered the race? (COMPETE)

10. A. large

B. generous

C. considerate

D. considerable

5. Housework has ____traditionally_______ been regarded as women's work. (TRADITION)

II. Fill in each of the numbered blanks with ONE suitable word to complete the following passages.

IV. Give the correct form of the verbs in brackets. 1. I was tired when I got home. I (work) ______had been working____ all day. 2. I want to get married, but I (not meet) ______haven’t met_______ the right person yet.

For more than six million American children, coming home after school means coming back to an empty house. Some deal with the situation by (1) ___watching___ TV. Some may

3. Why John (not/ want) _____didn’t John want_____ to play soccer last Sunday?

hide. But all of them have something in (2) ___common____. They spend part of each day

4. The astronaut's clothes (make) _____are made______ from special materials.

alone. They are called “latchkey children”. They are children who (3) ____look___ after themselves while their parents work. And their bad condition has become a subject of concern.

5. We would have caught the last bus if we (leave) _____had left____ the cinema five minutes earlier. C. READING

Lynette Long was once the principal of an elementary school. She said, “We had a school rule against (4) _____wearing______ jewelry. A lot of kids had chains around their necks with

keys attached. I was constantly telling them (5) ______to______ put the keys inside shirts. There were so many keys; it never came to my mind what they meant.” Slowly, she learned (6)

In the US much long-distance travel is by air. America has two main long-distance bus companies, Greyhound and Trailways. Amtrak, the national network, provides rail services for

____that____ they were house keys.

passengers. Private railway companies such as Union Pacific now carry only freight, though in

She and her husband began (7) _____talking_____ to the children who had keys. They

fact over 70% of freight goes by road.

learned of the effect working couples and single parents were having on their children. Fear was the biggest problem faced by children at home alone. One in three latchkey children the Longs

The main problems associated with road transport in both Britain and the US are traffic congestion and pollution. It is predicted that the number of cars on British roads will increase by

talked to reported being frightened. Many had nightmares and were worried (8) ______about_____ their own safety.

a third within a few years, making both these problems worse. The British government would like more people to use public transport, but so far they have had little success in persuading

The most common way latchkey children deal with their fears (9) _____is____ by hiding. They may hide in a shower stall, under a bed or in a closet. The second is TV. They often (10) ____turn____ the volume up. It's hard to get statistics on latchkey children, the Longs have learned. Most parents are slow to admit that they leave their children alone. III. Read the following passage on transport, and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions. Most journeys in Britain and the US are made by road. Some of these are made on public transport but most are by private car. In Britain many people rely on their cars for daily local activities, e.g. getting to work, doing the shopping, and visiting friends. People living in urban areas may use buses, trains or, in London, the Underground, to get to city centers, mainly because traffic is often heavy and it is difficult to find anywhere to park a car. Some places in the country may have a bus only two or three times a week so people living there have no choice but to rely on their cars. In the US, large cities have good public transportation systems. The El railroad in Chicago and the underground systems of New York, Boston, San Francisco and Washington, DC are heavily used. Elsewhere, most Americans prefer to use their cars. Families often have two cars and, outside major cities, have to drive fairly long distances to schools, offices, shops, banks, etc. Many college and even high-school students have their own cars. Long-distance travel in Britain is also mainly by road, though railways link most towns and cities. Most places are linked by motorways or other last roads and many people prefer to

people to give up their cars or to share rides with neighbors. Most people say that public transport is simply not good enough. Americans too have resisted government requests to share cars because it is less convenient and restricts their freedom. Petrol/gasoline is relatively cheap in the US and outside the major cities public transport is bad, so they see no reason to use their cars less. 1. In Britain and the US most people travel by ____. A. road

B. rail

D. sea

2. According to the passage, people in London may prefer the Underground to their own cars due to ____. A. long distances

B. heavy traffic

C. air pollution

D. cheap tickets

3. It is mentioned in paragraph 3 that the public transportation systems in the US are good in ____. A. some states

B. large cities

C. all cities

D. large states

4. Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage? A. Few college students in the US have their own cars. B. Families in the US often have more than one car. C. Most Americans prefer to drive their cars outside large cities. D. The underground systems are popular in some major US cities. 5. The phrase “at their own convenience” in paragraph 4 is closest in meaning to ____.

drive at their own convenience rather than use a train, even though they may get stuck in a traffic

A. at the latest time and nearest place

jam. Long- distance coach/bus services are usually a cheaper alternative to trains, but they take longer and may be less comfortable. Some long distance travel, especially that undertaken for

place

business reasons, may be by air. There are regular flights between regional airports, as well as to

C. air

C. at an appropriate time and place

B. at the fastest time and nearest D. at an early time and nearby place

6. Which of the following is true about transport in Britain?

and from London. A lot of freight is also distributed by road, though heavier items and raw

A. Trains are usually cheaper than long-distance coach services.

materials often go by rail.

B. There are no regular flights between regional airports. C. Heavier items and raw materials are often transported by train.

D. Long-distance travel in Britain is only by road.

4. in/ relax / there/ much / noise / was/ time/ to/ no / so / there/ and/ traffic/ city/ the/ was / and/.

7. According to the information in paragraph 5, long-distance travellers in the US can choose from ____ mode(s) of transport. A. four

B. three

In the city there was so much traffic and noise and there was no time to relax. 5. leave/ now/ train/ miss/ unless/ I / the / will / I/.

C. two

D. one

I will miss the train unless I leave now.

8. It is stated in the passage that the major problems of road transport in Britain and the US are ____. A. accidents and pollution

B. speeding and bad roads

C. drink-driving and traffic jams

D. traffic jams and pollution

Unit 2. YOUR BODY AND YOU - KEY

9. According to the passage, people in Britain refuse public transport because ____. A. they see no reason to use their cars less

B. petrol is relatively cheap in

Britain C. they like to share rides with neighbors

D. they think it is not good enough

10. The word “they” in the last sentence of the passage can best be replaced by ____. A. neighbors

B. major cities

C. the government

D. Americans

PART 1: VOCABULARY AND GRAMMAR REVIEW I. VOCABULARY bone

(n.)

xương

brain

(n.)

não bộ

brain cell

(n. phr.)

tế bào não

lung

(n.)

lá phổi

D. WRITING

skin

(n.)

da, làn da

I. Write the sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the original one.

stomach

(n.)

dạ dày

stress

(n.)

áp lực sự điều trị

I now regret spending too much money on clothes. → I wish ______I hadn’t spent too much money on clothes ________

2. 3. 4. 5.

treatment

(n.)

People say football is the best game to play.

prevent

(v.)

ngăn ngừa, phòng ngừa

→ Football ______is said to be the best game to play________

boost

(v.)

thúc đẩy

“It was nice of you to help me. Thank you very muchTom said to you.

head massage

(n. phr.)

bóp đầu, mát xa đầu

→ Tom thanked ______me for helping him_______

health care

(n.)

dịch vụ y tế, chăm sóc sức khoẻ

It takes three hours to drive from Hai Phong to Ha Noi.

side effect

(n.)

tác dụng phụ

→ It is a ________three-hour drive from Hai Phong to Ha Noi_______

sleepiness

(n.)

tình trạng buồn ngủ, thèm ngủ

sleeplessness

(n.)

sự mất ngủ

bad breath

(n.)

chứng hôi miệng

calorie need

(n. phr.)

nhu cầu calo

food pyramid

(n. phr.)

tháp dinh dưỡng

allergy

(n.)

sự dị ứng

blood vessel

(n.)

mạch máu

John has never been so rude to anybody. → Never ________before has John been so rude to anybody_________

II. Reorder the following sets of words to make meaningful sentences. 1. air/ am/ that/ afraid/ the/ city/ pollution/ in/ our/ getting/ worse/ and/ is/ worse/ I/. I am afraid that the air pollution in our city is getting worse and worse. 2. the/ way/ Internet/ we/ as/ can/ for/ use/ an/ effective/ self-study/. We can use the Internet as an effective way for self-study. 3. shouldn't/ river/ we/ is/ swim/in/ because/ this/ water/ polluted/ highly/ its/. We shouldn’t swim in this river because its water is highly polluted.

balance between yin and yang (n. phr.)

sự cân bằng âm dương

harmony

sự hoà hợp

(n.)

sugary drink

(n. phr.)

nước ngọt

whole grains

(n. phr.)

ngũ cốc nguyên hạt

acupuncture

(n.)

châm cứu

alternative treatment

(n. phr.)

phương pháp chữa trị thay thế

bacterium

(n.)

vi khuẩn

S + will + V Be going to: S + am/is/are + going to + V Ex:

She will eat less fast food.

disorder

(n.)

rối loạn

Cô ấy sẽ hạn chế ăn đồ ăn nhanh.

nerve

(n.)

dây thần kinh

We are going to try aromatherapy.

precaution

(n.)

khuyến cáo, lưu ý

Chúng tôi sẽ thử liệu pháp trị liệu bằng tinh dầu thơm. 2. Cách dùng

therapy

(n.)

liệu pháp, trị liệu

health practice

(n.)

cách chữa bệnh, tập tục chữa bệnh

health belief

(n.)

niềm tin về sức khoẻ

Wil: diễn tả quyết định tức thời đưa ra ngay tại thời điểm nói về sự việc trong tương lai.

circulatory system

(n. phr.)

hệ tuần hoàn

Be going to: diễn tả dự định, quyết định có sẵn trước thời điểm nói về sự việc trong tương lai.

digestive system

(n. phr.)

hệ tiêu hoá

immune system

(n. phr.)

hệ miễn dịch

Có ai đang gọi kìa. - Được rồi. Em sẽ đi trả lời.

Khác biệt 1

Ex:

Someone's calling. - OK. I'll answer it.

respiratory system

(n. phr.)

hệ hô hấp

It's Andy's birthday tomorrow. - I know. I'm going to bring some cakes.

skeletal system

(n. phr.)

hệ xương

Ngày mai là sinh nhật Andy đấy. - Tớ biết mà. Tớ sẽ mang một ít bánh đến.

resistance

(n.)

sức đề kháng, sức bền

pump

(v.)

bơm

skeleton

(n.)

bộ xương

Khác biệt 2 Will

Be going to Chức năng diễn đạt: Dự đoán về tương lai dựa trên cơ sở, dấu hiệu thực tế ở thời điểm hiện tại

skull

(n.)

xương sọ, hộp sọ

Chức năng diễn đạt: Dự đoán về tương lai dựa trên quan điểm cá nhân của người nói

spine

(n.)

xương sống

Dấu hiệu nhận biết: think , hope, guess, I'm

Dấu hiệu nhận biết:

ruột

afraid, probably, perhaps, maybe

acupoint

(n.)

huyệt châm cứu

Look at thegrey clouds! (Hãy nhìn những đám mây đen kìa!)

acupressure

(n.)

bấm huyệt

We only have five minutes left. (Chúng mình

ailment

(n.)

bệnh nhẹ

chỉ còn có 5 phút nữa thôi.)

aromatherapy

(n.)

liệu pháp chữa bệnh bằng dầu thơm

intestine

(n.)

II. GRAMMAR A. TƯƠNG LAI ĐƠN VÀ TƯƠNG LAI GẦN SO SÁNH "WILL" VÀ "BE GOING TO" 1. Dạng thức của động từ Dạng thức của động từ thường với will và be going to Will:

Ví dụ: I think he'll go to the gym. (Tớ nghĩ anh ấy sẽ đến phòng tập.)

Ví dụ: We only have five minutes left. We are going to be late for the meeting. (Chúng ta chỉ

Can you guess who will be the winner?

còn 5 phút nữa thôi. Chúng ta sẽ bị muộn họp.)

(Cậu có đoán được ai sẽ là người chiến thắng

Look at the long queue. We are going to wait

không?)

for hours. (Nhìn hàng dài kìa. Chúng mình sẽ

I’m afraid he won't come.

phải đợi nhiều giờ đồng hồ rồi.)

(Tôi e rằng anh ấy sẽ không đến.) 3. Một số cách sử dụng khác của "Will"

a. Diễn đạt yêu cầu ai đó làm gì (Request)

Will còn được dùng để diễn đạt sự đe doạ hay cảnh cáo.

Will được dùng để diễn đạt lời yêu cầu của chúng ta khi muốn ai đó làm gì. Ta sử dụng "Will

Ex:

you + V?" Ex:

Study hard or you will fail the exam. Học hành chăm chỉ vào nếu không con sẽ bị trượt đấy.

Will you show me how to use a computer?

Don't tell this to anyone or I'll never see you.

Cháu chỉ cho bác cách sử dụng máy tính được không?

Đừng có nói chuyện này với ai không thì tớ sẽ không bao giờ nhìn mặt cậu nữa.

Will you help me move this table? Cậu giúp tớ di chuyển cái bàn này được không? b. Diễn đạt lời đề nghị được giúp ai đó (Offers) Will còn được dùng để diễn đạt sự đề nghị được giúp đỡ ai đó. Ex:

B. THỂ BỊ ĐỘNG CỦA MỘT SỐ THÌ CƠ BẢN PASSIVE VOICE IN SOME TENSES 1. Cách sử dụng và dạng thức của câu bị động

The bags look heavy. I will carry them for you.

a. Cách sử dụng

Những cái túi đó nhìn có vẻ nặng đấy. Mình sẽ xách cho cậu.

- Câu bị động được dùng để nhấn mạnh vào hành động hơn là người thực hiện hành động đó.

The stadium is far from here. I will drive you there.

Ex:

Sân vận động khá xa đó. Tớ sẽ chở cậu đến đó. c. Diễn đạt lời hứa (Promise) Will dùng để diễn đạt lời hứa. Ex:

Daniel sẽ được đón ở sân bay bởi người anh họ của cậu ấy. - Ngoài ra câu bị động còn được dùng khi chúng ta không biết rõ ai/cái gì đã thực hiện hành động.

I promise I will buy you ice-creams if you get an A.

Ex:

Chị hứa sẽ mua kem cho em nếu em đạt điểm A. I promise I will not tell anyone.

Daniel will be picked up at the airport by his cousin.

The painting was stolen. Bức tranh đã bị lấy cắp.

b. Dạng thức của câu bị động Câu chủ động:

Tớ hứa sẽ không nói với ai đâu. d. Diễn đạt lời mời (Invitation)

S+V+O

Will cũng được dùng khi chúng ta muốn mời ai đó. Ta sử dụng "Will you + V?" Ex:

Câu bị động:

Will you have some cakes?

S + to be + V.p.p. + (by O).

Cậu ăn một ít bánh nhé? Will you come over and have lunch today? Nay cậu qua nhà tớ và ăn trưa nhé? e. Diễn đạt sự từ chối hay thái độ không sẵn lòng (Refusal) Chúng ta sử dụng thể phủ định của thì tương lai đơn (won't) để diễn đạt ý từ chối, hay không hợp

LƯU Ý: Chủ ngữ trong câu chủ động trở thành tân ngữ được giới thiệu sau giới từ "by", còn tân ngữ trong câu chủ động trở thành chủ ngữ trong câu bị động. V.p.p là động từ ở dạng phân từ hai. Ex:

Ex:

Susan will look after the children. Susan sẽ chăm sóc lũ trẻ.

tác làm một việc gì đó. The computer won't start although I've done everything I can.

→ The children will be looked after by Susan.

Cái máy tính không chịu khởi động dù tớ đã làm mọi cách có thể.

Lũ trẻ sẽ được chăm sóc bởi Susan.

The baby won't stop crying.

LƯU Ý: Các chủ ngữ people, they, we, someone khi chuyển sang câu bị động trở thành by

Em bé không chịu nín khóc.

people, by them, by us, by someone. Các thành phần này thường được bỏ đi.

f. Diễn đạt sự đe doạ (Threat)

Ex:

They don't speak English in this country.

Họ không nói tiếng Anh ở đất nước này.

C. Câu bị động ở thì quá khứ đơn Câu chủ động:

English is not spoken in this country.

S+ V.(past tense) + O.

Tiếng Anh không được nói ở đất nước này. Câu bị động:

2. Câu bị động ở một số thì cơ bản a. Câu bị động ở thì hiện tại đơn

S+ was/were + V.p.p. + (by O).

Câu chủ động: S + V/V(s, es) + O.

Ex:

Someone broke into my house last Saturday. Có người đã đột nhập vào nhà tớ hôm thứ Bảy vừa rồi.

Câu bị động:

→ My house was broken into last Saturday. S+ am/is/are + V.p.p. + (by O).

Ex:

Nhà tớ bị đột nhập vào hôm thứ Bảy vừa rồi.

I do my homework every day.

The teacher told them a funny story.

Tôi làm bài tập về nhà hàng ngày.

Cô giáo đã kể cho họ nghe một câu chuyện hài hước.)

→ My homework is done every day.

→ They were told a funny story by the teacher.

Bài tập về nhà của tôi được làm hàng ngày. People use acupressure and massage to treat certain ailments.

Họ đã được kể cho nghe một câu chuyện hài hước bởi cô giáo. d. Câu bị động ở thì tương lai đơn Câu chủ động:

Người ta sử dụng thuật bấm huyệt và mát-xa để chữa một số bệnh nhất định. → Acupressure and massage are used to treat certain ailments.

S + will V + O.

Thuật bấm huyệt và mát-xa được sử dụng để chữa một số bệnh nhất định. Câu bị động:

b. Câu bị động ở thì hiện tại tiếp diễn Câu chủ động:

S + will be + V.p.p. + (by O). S + am/is/are + V-ing + O.

Ex:

His mother will look after him. Mẹ cậu ấy sẽ chăm sóc cậu ấy. → He will be looked after by his mother. Cậu ấy sẽ được chăm sóc bởi mẹ cậu

Câu bị động:

ấy. S + am/is/are + being + V.p.p. + (by O).

Ex:

They will try aromatherapy.

My mother is preparing dinner.

Họ sẽ thử phương pháp chữa bệnh bằng tinh dầu thơm.

Mẹ tớ đang nấu bữa tối.

→ Aromatherapy will be tried.

→ Dinner is being prepared by my mother. Bữa tối đang được nấu bởi mẹ tớ. I am making cakes. Tớ đang làm bánh. → Cakes are being made by me. Bánh đang được làm bởi tớ.

Phương pháp chữa bệnh bằng tinh dầu thơm sẽ được thử. e. Câu bị động với "be going to” Câu chủ động: S + am/is/are + going to V + O.

Câu bị động: S + am/is/are + going to be + V.p.p. + (by O). Ex:

They are going to improve the health care system. Họ sẽ nâng cao hệ thống chăm sóc sức khoẻ. → The health care system is going to be improved. Hệ thống chăm sóc sức khoẻ sẽ được nâng cao.

1. ____brain_____

2. ____skin____

3. ___ blood vessel ____

4. ____lung___

5. __stomach___

6. ____bone_____

She is going to write a letter. Cô ấy sẽ viết một bức thư. → A letter is going to be written by her. Một lá thư sẽ được viết bởi cô ấy. f. Câu bị động ở thì hiện tại hoàn thành Câu chủ động: S + has/have + V.p.p. + O.

II. Match the two columns to make meaningful sentences.

Câu bị động: S + has/have + been + V.p.p. + (by O). Ex:

They have taken the child to the zoo.

1. Stress

a. can be effective reduced by doing yoga.

a 2. Treatment for this type of disease c

b. can prevent many common diseases.

Họ vừa mới đưa đứa trẻ tới tham quan sở thú. → The child has been taken to the zoo.

3. A healthy lifestyle

c. can take a long time.

Đứa trẻ vừa được đưa tới tham quan sở thú.

They have just sold out the tickets. Họ vừa bán hết vé.

4. Remember

→ Tickets have just been sold out. Vé vừa mới được bán hết.

d. is not just about embarrassment, it may be a sign of other health problems.

5. Read the following information

e. to learn about what a food allergy is.

PART 2: EXERCISES

A. PHONETICS I. Choose the word that has the underlined part pronounced differently from the others.

6. Bad breath

f. to include these five foods in your diet to boost your

1. A. stomach

B. chest

C. chord

D. psychology

health.

2. A. digestive

B. suggest

C. massage

D. allergy

III. Choose the best options to fill in the blanks.

3. A. skull

B. study

C. lung

D. circulatory

1. In some countries, a ____ is usually done along with a haircut.

4. A. resistance

B. respiratory

C. vessel

D. system

5. A. sugary

B. acupressure

C. intestine

D. sure

B. VOCABULARY AND GRAMMAR 1. Choose the right words to the pictures. bone - lung - blood vessel - skin - stomach - brain

A. bone

B. blood vessel

C. head massage

D. allergy

2. Be careful. The ____ of this medicine can be very dangerous. A. price

B. place

C. date

D. side effects

3. People are waiting for a ____ system with better doctors and facilities in this country. A. health care

B. educational

C. entertainment

D. transportation

4. Stress is the number 1 cause of ____, in other words, unhealthy sleep patterns.

A. stomach ache

B. flu

C. cold

D. sleeplessness

5. If you feel sleepy all the time, you are having ____. A. sleeplessness

B. sleepiness

C. a toothache

D. a headache

1. The role of the ______ immune system _______ is to protect our body against various diseases. 2. Have you tried any _______ therapy ____________ for your sleeplessness? 3. Her disease was caused by a strange ______ bacterium ______ type.

IV. Complete the following sentences using the given phrases. There are two phrases that

4. She has experienced a sleeping _______ disorder _______ since her husband's death. 5. Food passes from the stomach to the small _______ intestine ______ and from there to the

you don't need.

large one.

allergy - sugary drinks - calorie need - whole grains harmony - treatment - food pyramid - balance between yin and yang

6. The ________ skeleton ___________ is the structure of bones which supports your body.

1. The _____ food pyramid _______ is to help you make better food choices.

VII. Choose the options that best fit the blanks.

2. Your daily _____ calorie need _______ is certainly very different from your grandmother's.

1. What terrible traffic! Just look at the long queue. We ____ miss our flight.

3. It is believed that _______ harmony _______ between people and their environment is very important to human health.

2. I ____ send Alex your letter when I see her tomorrow.

4. Besides tooth decay, _______ sugary drinks ________ can cause many other serious health problems.

3. The board of directors have reached the final decision. Harrison ____ lead the marketing team

5. It is suggested that you eat three or more foods of _______ whole grains ______ every day.

from next month.

6. It is traditionally believed that you are healthy when there is a ____ balance between yin and yang ____.

A. will A. will

1. Asian people have a lot of traditional health beliefs and ____.

B. are going to

C. Both A & B. C. Both A & B.

C. Both A & B.

A. activities

B. practices

A. acupuncture

C. actions

B. aromatherapy

A. will

C. acupoint

B. pump

C. sell

B. unusual illness

C. treatment

words/phrases that you don't need. skeleton

to Salzburg.

3. Thanks. I think my mother is going to like this cookbook. Incorrect 4. In the future, electric bikes will replace bicycles.

VI. Complete the following sentences using the given words/phrases. There are three therapy

Incorrect

Correct

C. common ailment

B. use

C. Both A & B.

2. Just a moment. I will help you carry these heavy bags.

5. Remember to read the safety ____. If you have any questions, please check with your doctor. A. precautions

B. are going to

1. We are so excited about our trip next month to Austria. We will visit Vienna before travelling

4. Don't worry. It's just a ____ and will naturally disappear after a few days. A. serious disease

C. Both A & B.

VIII. Decide whether the following sentences are Correct or Incorrect.

3. A woman's heart beats faster than that of a man because it has to ____ the same amount of blood although it's smaller. A. change

B. are going to

5. In the future, many young people ____ start up their own businesses.

2. In ____, special thin needles are put in different pressure points all over the body.

skull

A. will

B. are going to

4. I hope you ____ visit my new house in Charlington some time.

V. Choose the best options to fill in the blanks.

disorder

A. will

Correct 5. As planned, Elizabeth will visit our franchise company in southern Turkey.

nerve

bacterium spine

intestine immune system

Incorrect

XI. Provide the correct verbs in the form of "will" or "be going to" to fill in the blanks.

6. Linh is so nervous! She will have a baby. Incorrect

1. A: Did you buy chicken?

IX. Decide whether the following sentences are intention or prediction. Intention

B: Oh, no! I forgot to buy it. I ____will remember___ to buy some tomorrow. (remember) Prediction

1. This hometown will change a lot more when we grow older.

√

2. In a few years to come, our country is going to join many

√

other multinational organizations. √

4. Susan isn't going to teach in Vietnam. She wants to settle

√

4. What ____will happen_____ to Daniel's family if he still doesn't find a job? (happen) 5. A: Why are you waking up at 2 a.m.? B: I ____am going to watch_____ the match between Liverpool and Manchester United.

down in her hometown in Georgia.

(watch) √

6. A: I can't hear the television! √

6. Hurry up. We only have ten minutes left. We are going to be late for class. 7. Jack and his friends are going to run a restaurant in South

B: I ____am going to take____ my dog out for a walk. (take) 3. I bought a new book this morning. I _am going to stay_ at home and start reading my favorite chapter. (stay)

3. What are they going to do with such a huge sum of money they inherit from their grandmother?

5. Marian is going to throw a party next week.

2. A: Why are you putting on your coat?

B: I ____will turn_____ it up so that you can hear it. (turn) 7. A: Aw. I'm about to fall asleep. I had very little sleep last night.

√

B: Oh, dear? I ______will get_______ you a cup of coffee. That will wake you up. (get)

Street. 8. People will rely more and more on technology than ever.

√

8. They are going to deliver the sofas to my flat this afternoon. I just can't handle them on my own. ___Will__

9. What do you think will happen if Albeit Landon is appointed to the Sales Manager position

√

you _____come_______ to give a hand? (come)

10. Do you think he will be the President?

√

9. As soon as the weather's fine again, we ____will walk____ down to the beach and you can take a lot of photos there. (walk)

X. Provide the correct verbs in the form of "will" or "be going to" to fill in the blanks. 1. Kate ___is not going to join____ (not join) us next Friday; she will be taking exams that day. 2. A: What are your plans for the holiday? B: I ___am going to visit_____ (visit) my grandparents and then go trekking in Sapa. 3. A: I can't fix the problem in my computer, Jason. B: Alright. I _____will take________ (take) a look at it. 4. What are you doing? The car engine has just broken. It ____will not work____ (not work). 5. I ___will take____ (take) you out for ice-cream as long as you get an At on your Math test.

10. A: What do you want to study after graduation? B: I ___am going to study____ Environmental Economics. I've always been interested since I read a book about it. (study) 11. Her husband found a new job in Tottemham last month. They ___are going to move__ to the city next week. (move) XII. Choose from the given verbs to fill in each blank ("will" or "be going to"): put, leave, pick, give (x2), visit, get, turn

6. Do you think they ______will win_____ (win) the championship?

1. The Brooklyns made a final decision yesterday evening. They ___are going to leave___

7. A: Do you want to have the pork or the beef?

Edinburg for Nice.

B: I think we _____will have_______ (have) the beef, please.

2. Don't worry, I ____will give______ you a ring when I arrive at the airport.

8. According to schedule, rice and clothes ____are going to be_____ (be) distributed to nine

3. Sorry, I can't meet you this afternoon. I _____am going to visit_____ a friend of mine in

poorest communes in the next project.

hospital.

4. I forgot my course book home this morning. Can I borrow yours? I __will give__ it back to you after using it.

Ms. Katherine's class.

5. Jane has decided that she __is going to put__ up with her flatmate. She doesn't want to move

XV. Choose the correct sentence among the given ones.

to another flat.

10. Will be newspapers delivered to our house during the holiday?

6. I'm having a class meeting this afternoon. ____Will____ you ____pick____ up the children at 5?

C. She was gave a new dictionary on her last birthday.

7. I hope you and Glenn ____will get____ along well with each other sharing this room from

now on. 8. Last night, I phoned to ask Susan to come; she __is going to turn__ up at Mary's birthday party next Sunday. XIII. Give the correct forms in Passive Voice of the verbs. Use the tenses in the brackets. 2. His articles _____are read_______ (read) by many people. (Present Simple)

C. Traditional medicine believes to be safer than drugs. 3.

C. Where are all the assignments keep?

5. A lot of presents ___are going to be given___ (give) to the children at Christmas. (Future – be going to)

C. The good news were not told to us. 5.

C. Our house will be taken care of during our holiday

7. We ___have been taught___ (teach) by Mrs. Joanna since April. (Present Perfect) 6.

XIV. Decide whether the following sentences are Correct or Incorrect.

C. When will be Johny picked up? 7.

party.

A. When will Johny be picked up? B. When Johny will be picked up?

Incorrect √

A. Tickets are going to be sold from Saturday. B. Tickets are going to sell from Saturday.

√

2. The problem is not paid enough attention to at the conference last month.

A. Our house will be took care of during our holiday. B. Our house will take care of during our holiday.

6. Little John ____was punished_____ (punish) by his parents yesterday. (Past Simple)

1. She was apologized to me for her insensitive behavior at the

A. We were not tell the good news. B. The good news was not told to us.

4. It ____is thought____ (think) that Jack stole the painting last night. (Present Simple)

Correct

A. Where all the assignments are kept? B. Where are all the assignments kept?

3. Waste paper ______is recycled_____ (recycle) in this factory. (Present Simple)

A. Traditional medicine is believed to be safer than drugs. B. It believes that traditional medicine is safer than drugs.

1. Late submission of the assignment ___will not be accepted___ (not accept). (Future Simple)

3. Artificial flowers are not given on special occasions in Russia.

A. She was given a new dictionary on her last birthday. B. A new dictionary is given to her on her last birthday.

C. Tickets are going to be sell from Saturday. 8.

√ √

4. This fund was found in 2002 to help students born to poor

A. The girl has brought up by her aunt since 2010. B. The girl has been brought up by her aunt since 2010. C. The girl has been bringing up by her aunt since 2010.

families and orphans. 5. He was received her letter this morning.

√

XVI. Give the correct forms in Passive voice of the verbs given in the brackets.

6. I hope the campaign will be taken place successfully.

√

1. Homework ________is assigned_______ (assign) twice a week.

7. The job was offered to Yoko but she turned it down.

√

8. How was he reacted to their final decision? 9. Jack and Helen will be punished if they continue to play truant in

2. Why ____was___ the car ______stolen______ (steal) yesterday?

√ √

3. French and English _____are spoken_____ (speak) in Canada. 4. How ______is_____ information ______stored______ (store) in our brain?

√

5. I promise that the money ______will be paid_______ (pay) back to you soon.

9. The complex was started to be built last month.

6. Yesterday, applicants for this position ______were examined_______ (examine) thoroughly.

___________bỏ

7. He ____was punished_____ (punish) by his father yesterday.

“was”_______________________________________________________________________

8. Linh ______was offered______ (offer) the job last month but she turned it down.

10. Are natural oils extract from some parts of plants to treat certain ailments? _______________extracted_______________________________________________________

9. I think an alternative therapy _____will be recommended___ (recommend) if medical therapy doesn't work.

____________

10. The car ____is being repaired_____ (repair) at the moment. It broke up in an accident last

XVIII. Choose the options that best fit the blanks.

Sunday.

1. I'm not sure about it. Maybe your car ____ until tomorrow afternoon.

XVII. Find a wrong/ redundant word in each sentence. 1. The restaurant we went to yesterday was not beautifully decorated, but the food is well cooked. _________________________________________________________________was_________ ____________ 2. The city hall was painted and tidy up by a group of people. _________________________tidied________________________________________________ ___________ 3. Toxic gases are exhaled by factories and inhale by people living in surrounding areas. _________________________________inhaled______________________________________ __________ 4. We were all frightening by the loud noise at midnight last night.

A. will not be repaired

B. is not going to be repaired

A. has been launched

B. was launched

3. Ho Chi Minh Mausoleum ____ weekly on Fridays, so we cannot visit there today. A. was maintained

B. is maintained

C. will be maintained

B. was founded

C. was found

4. The school ____ in 1962. A. has been found

5. The football match ____ because of the heavy rain yesterday afternoon. A. is postponed

B. would be postponed

A. is going to be held

B. will be held

_______

I. Read the passage and do the tasks bellow.

_________ 6. What song is that song writer best knew for? ____________________________known____________________________________________

C. was postponed

6. As planned, the Christmas party ____ at Mandison's next year. C. READING

____________made_____________________________________________________________

C. was being

launched

__________frightened___________________________________________________________ 5. What will be make about the future development of rural areas to slow down urban sprawl?

C. was not repaired

2. The campaign against HIV/AIDS ____ in 2009.

C. is held

Most people relate stress to physical symptoms like an upset stomach or headaches. Research has suggested that negative emotions and thoughts may also have close links to our brain. Researchers have started finding out why we tend to remember negative things more strongly and in more detail than good ones. “The hrain handles positive and negative information in different parts. Negative emotions involve more thinking, and the information is processed

__________

more thoroughly. Thus, we tend to ruminate more about unpleasant events and use stronger

7. They will be discourage to know their test results.

words to describe them than happy ones," said Clifford Nass, a professor at Stanford University.

____________

Rick Hanson also shares the idea that our minds naturally focus on the bad and discard

discouraged___________________________________________________________________

the good. He stated, "negative stimuli produce more neural activity than do equally intense

8. Alex and Wong won't be hang out any more as they are moving to different places.

positive ones. They are also perceived more easily and quickly." This was obtained from his little experiment in which twenty people were asked to look at pictures showing anger or happiness.

_________________bỏ “be”__________________________________________________________________

The participants could identify angry faces faster than happy ones even if it was so quickly.

In a journal article Baumeister co-authored in 2001, "Bad is Stronger Than Good", he concluded, "bad emotions, bad parents and bad feedback have more impact than good ones."

3. ____ gives specific examples of unhappy events.

This is "a basic and wide-ranging principle of psychology". Thus, Baumeister and his colleagues

4. ____ co-authored to publish a journal article

A. Clifford Nass

noted that bad incidents, such as losing your dreamy job and breaking up with your girlfriend or boyfriend, may have a greater impact than landing a job or receiving a marriage proposal.

rest of the family and the neighbors often complain (2) ____ don't like the music. One (3) ____ C. ruined relationships with other

people B. more time

to this problem is to wear headphones, but headphones are usually uncomfortable. An arm-chair which has a record-player built into it has just been(4) ____ by a British engineer, Stephen Court.

2. Positive events ____ to perceive than/as negative ones. A. less time

C. the same amount of time

The armchair looks like an ordinary armchair with high back. However, each of the two

3. Positive things ____.

sides of the chair has three loudspeakers inside to reproduce middle and high sounds. Low

A. do not produce neural activity

sounds are reproduced by a pair of loudspeakers in a hollow (5) ____ under the seat. Anyone who sits in the chair hears sounds coming from all around his/her head.

B. produce more neural activity than negative ones

Because we cannot tell the exact (6) ____ from which low sounds come, it doesn't (7)

C. produce less neural activity than negative ones

____ that they come from underneath or behind. It is the higher sounds coming from the sides of

4. The best title for the above text is ____.

the chair that create a stereo effect.

A. Stress makes us tired

These sounds travel only a few inches to reach the listener's ears. (8) ____, it takes only a

B. People try to forget bad events. C. Bad events have stronger impacts than good ones Part 2. Decide whether the following statements are True (T), False (F) or Not Given (NG). T 1. Positive emotions are easier to be forgotten than negative ones.

√ √

2. All information is processed in the same part of the brain.

√

3. The more we try to forget a bad event, the more we think about it.

√

4. Positive thoughts protect us from stress. 5. It's a wide-ranging rule that bad events have more influence on us than good ones.

√

Part 3. Choose A, B or C to answer the following questions. Which person ...? 1. ____ did an experiment with a small group of people. A. Clifford Nass

B. Rick Hanson

C. Baumeister

2. ____ mentions that we use stronger words to speak about unpleasant events. A. Clifford Nass

C. Baumeister

A lot of people like to play their records as loudly as possible. The (1) ____ is that the

1. People have generally related stress to ____. B. brain damage

B. Rick Hanson

C. Baumeister

II. Choose the best answer to fill in the blank.

Part 1. Choose the best answers to complete the following sentences. A. physical symptoms

A. Clifford Nass

B. Rick Hanson

C. Baumeister

little power to make the music sound very loud. Only a small amount of sound leaks out from behind the chair into the room to (9) ____ others. Most of the sound is (10) ____ by the listeners. 1. A. conclusion

B. impact

C. sequence

D. result

2. A. if

B. for

C. lest

D. since

3. A. way

B. answer

C. conclusion

D. settlement

4. A. drawn

B. discovered

C. imagined

D. designed

5. A. hole

B. set

C. location

D. space

6. A. destination

B. reason

C. source

D. departure

7. A. care

B. make sense

C. matter

D. mean

8. A. Surprisingly

B. Strangely

C. Consequently

D. Eventually

9. A. disappoint

B. dismiss

C. deter

D. disturb

10. A. integrated

B. absorbed

C. admitted

D. accommodated

III. Choose the sentence which is closest in meaning with the given one. 1. The room was so full that we couldn't get in. A. The room was too full for us to get in.

B. The room was too full so that we can't get in.

8. She finds it difficult to get up early.

C. The room was too full that we can't get in.

A. She used to get up early.

B. She didn't use to get up early.

D. The room was too full that we couldn't get in.

C. She isn't used to getting up early.

D. She is used to getting up early.

2. I wish I had chosen English to study at school.

9. I met her when I was staying in Paris last summer.

A. The speaker studied English and now regrets doing so.

A. I had met her before I went to Paris last summer.

B. The speaker is not studying English.

B. I met her during my stay in Paris last summer.

C. The speaker regrets not choosing English at school.

C. I met her after I went to Paris last summer.

D. The speaker regrets having chosen English to study.

D. I met her during I was staying in Paris last summer.

3. Leather gloves last longer than plastic ones.

10. Do shops usually stay open so late in this country?

A. Plastic gloves last not as long as leather ones.

A. Are shops usually opened so late in this country?

B. Plastic gloves last shorter than leather ones.

B. Do you usually open shops so late in this country?

C. Plastic gloves don't last as much as leather ones.

C. Is it usual for shops to be opened so late in this country?

D. Plastic gloves don't last as long as leather ones.

D. Is it usual for shops to stay open so late in this country? D. WRITING

4. The book interested me more than the film. A. I thought the book was more interesting than the film.

I. Write and reply to an inquiry letter for health advice Dear Dr. Glenn,

B. I thought the book was more interested than the film.

I am coming to an important interview next Friday, but I have no ideas about what

C. I thought the book was as interesting as the film. D. I thought the book was not as interesting as the film. 5. The teacher did not allow the class to leave before 4:30.

to eat before the interview. Could you give me some suggestions on what foods to eat and avoid? I am looking forward to hearing from you.

A. The teacher made the class to stay until after 4:30. B. The teacher made the class not leave until after 4:30.

Regards,

C. The teacher made the class stay until after 4:30. D. The teacher made the class leave after 4:30.

Jack

6. If I were you, I'd look for another job. A. I suggest that you looked for another job.

B. I suggest looking for another job.

C. I suggest you to look for another job. job.

D. I suggest that you look for another

7. I only remembered the appointment when it was too late. A. It was only when it was too late that I remembered the appointment. B. Not until it was too late that I remembered the appointment. C. Only when it was too late that I remembered the appointment.

II. Rewrite the following sentences without changing their meaning, using the given words. 1.

It's a pity I didn't go on holiday with my class last week. I wish _______I had gone on holiday with my class last week____________

My friends and I got lost in the woods because we didn't bring a compass. My friends and I wouldn't ____have got lost in the woods if we had brought a

compass____ 3.

My sister enjoys coke more than lemonade.

Jenny has the same number of shirts as Jack.

My sister prefers _______coke to lemonade__________

D. It was not until it was too late did I remember the appointment.

Jack has as _______many shirts as Jenny________ 5.

2. She ____ her neighbour's children for the broken window.

It is possible that Linh will go to the party with her boyfriend tonight. Linh may ______go to the party with her boyfriend tonight________

Steven Spielberg has directed a lot of successful films.

A. An - a

A lot of successful films ______have been directed by Steven Spielberg______ 7.

Her hair needs cutting.

10.

C. blamed

D. denied

B. The - a

C. The - the

D. Ø - a

B. broken

C. serviced

D. rented

5. Tony's boss doesn't want him to ____ a habit of using the office phone for his personal calls.

The robber made the bank clerk give him all the money.

A. make

The robber forced ________the bank clerk to give him all the money_______ 9.

B. complained

4. She is traveling to work by bus today because her car is being ____. A. stopped

She needs ________to have her hair cut________ 8.

A. accused

3. ____ Internet can be used as ____ means of education and communication.

"I'll help you to repair your motorbike tomorrow," my father said to me.

B. do

C. have

6. My parents were so disappointed when I ____ college. A. got out of

B. fell out of

C. dropped out of

My father told me _______he would help me to repair my motorbike the following day______

7. The noisy children ____ my nerves. I wish they'd quiet down!

Jimmy has a cold. He still wants to take part in the football match.

8. On the table ____.

Despite having ______a cold, Jimmy still wants to take part in the football match______.

D. increase

A. get out of A. the disks lay

D. moved out of

B. get in

C. get into

D. get on

B. did the disks lie

C. lay the disks

D. lied the disks

9. She wondered ____ her father looked like now after so many years away. PART 3: TEST YOURSELF

A. how

A. PHONETICS

B. whose

C. that

D. what

C. from

D. in

10. The company was finally safe ____ bankruptcy.

I. Choose the word whose underlined part is pronounced differently from the rest. 1. A. relaxed

B. reached

C. supposedly

D. crossed

2. A. machine 3. A. mature

B. stomach

C. architecture

D. chorus

B. pasture

C. gesture

D. creature

4. A. individual

B. considerate

C. education

D. procedure

5. A. laugh

B. though

C. tough

D. enough

A. with

B. by

11. All the boys are good at cooking, but ____ is as good as the girls. A. either

B. none

C. neither

D. every

12. The bank is reported in the local newspapers ____ in the broad daylight. A. to be robbed

B. robbed

C. to have been robbed

D. having

been robbed

II. Choose the word whose stress pattern is different from that of the others.

13. Clothing made of plastic fibers has certain advantages over ____ made of natural fibers like

1. A. politics

B. literature

C. chemistry

D. statistics

cotton, wool, or silk.

2. A. likeable

B. oxygen

C. museum

D. energy

3. A. apology

B. stupidity

C. generously

D. astronomy

4. A. television

B. distinguish

C. immediate

D. acquaintance

5. A. experience

B. introduce

C. determine

D. appliance

B. LEXICO-GRAMMAR

A. should

A. full C. away

C. what

D. which

B. did

C. were

D. had

B. Now that

C. Ever since

D. By now

C. eyes

D. ears

16. Go on. Tell me the gossips. I'm all ____.

1. She put ____ speaking to him as long as possible. B. over

B. the one

15. _____we have finished the course, we shall start doing more revision work. A. For now

I. Choose the best answer to complete each of the following sentences. A. off

A. that

14. The government would be forced to use its emergency powers ____ further rioting to occur.

D. back

B. head

17. If only motorists ____ drive more carefully.

A. might

B. shall

C. would

D. should

7. I remember (give) _____being given____ a toy drum on my fifth birthday.

D. gave way to

9. Minh (steal) ___couldn’t have stolen___ your money yesterday because we went out together

8. It was urgent that she (leave) _____(should) leave_____ at once.

18. He lost control of his temper and ____ his anger. A. lost sight of

B. took note of

C. made room for

19. Mr. Nixon refused to answer the questions on the ____ that the matter was confidential. A. reason

B. excuses

C. grounds

10. Jim hurt his arm while (play) _______playing_______- tennis.

D. foundations

III. Give the correct form of the word in each bracket in the following passage.

20. ____ at his lessons, he couldn't catch up with his classmates. A. Hardly as he worked Hard as he was

B. Hard as he worked

C. Hard as he does

A. That Philip Glass B. Philip Glass, who C. Philip Glass

TRADITION) ___traditionally____ used garlic in their dishes. What you may not know is that garlic is also thought of as a (2. VALUE) ____valuable____ medicine by many ancient

D. Because Philip

Glass 22. ____ invisible to the unaided eye, ultraviolet light can be detected in a number of ways. B. Despite

C. Even though it

D. Although

23. In fact, the criminals ____ in because the front door was wide open and they just walked in. A. needn't have broken

B. shouldn't have break

C. didn't need to break

D. couldn't have broken

You may know that Asian, Middle Eastern and Mediterranean cultures have (1.

21. ____ is more interested in rhythm than in melody is apparent from his compositions.

A. Although is

all yesterday.

civilizations. Today, (3. PROFESSION) ___professionals____ in the field of nutrition have come up with new information which is indeed quite (4. SURPRISE) ____surprising_____. Apparently, not only is garlic good for you but it also helps overcome various (5. ILL) ___illnesses____. The main (6. ADVANTAGE) ___disadvnatage___ to eating garlic is of course bad (7. BREATHE) ___breath___. Cooking it reduces the strong smell and eating parsley, which is a natural deodorizer, also helps (8. MINIMUM) ____minimize/minimise____ the smell. Thus, it's time we took the benefits of garlic (9. SERIOUS) ___seriously____. Why not add it to some of your (10. FAVOR) ____favorite/ favourite____ dishes? IV. There are ten mistakes in the following passage. Find and correct them.

24. Nam: In my opinion, computer is one of the most wonderful inventions.

In many countries, in the process of industrialize, overcrowded cities present a major

Lan: ____. A. There is no doubt about it.

B. Yes. Congratulations!

C. You shouldn't have said that

D. Pardon?

problem. The underpopulation of towns is mainly caused by the drift of great numbers of people in the rural areas. The only long-term solution is make life in the areas more attractively, which would encourage people to stay here. This could be achieved by providing incentives to

25. Nga: Would you mind if I closed the door? It's too cold outside.

people to go and work in the villages. Moreover, facilities in the rural areas, so as transportation,

Lan: ____. A. I'd rather you didn't. It's stuffy.

B. No, I don't like.

C. No, never mind.

Why not do it?

health, and educational services should be improved. Your answers:

II. Supply the correct tense or form of the verb in each of the following brackets.

1. I'd rather you (not wear) _____didn’t wear______ jeans to the office.

industrialize

industrialization

underpopulation

overpopulation

3. This building (finish) ____will have been finished______ by the end of 2018.

great

large

4. It was our fault to keep you waiting so long. We (inform) ____should have informed___ you

from

in advance.

make

to make

5. You look tired. _______Have_____________ you (work) ____been working____ hard?

attractively

attractive

6. A: “Was Carol at the party last night?”

here

there

for

2. The money (steal) ______stolen______ in the robbery was never found.

B: “Yes, she (wear) _____was wearing_______ a really nice dress.”

Mistake

Correction

so as

such as

10.

educational

education

His retirement suddenly (4) ____made___ him realize how lonely he was and he decided to (5) _____take_____ up a hobby. With his interest in electronics, amateur radio seemed a

C. READING

natural choice. He installed his own equipment and obtained a licence and his call sign, which is

1. Read the passage and choose the best option for each of the following blanks.

the set of letters and numbers used to identify oneself when making radio contact (6) ___with____ other radio amateurs all over the world.

SPECTACULAR SPORTS A surprising number of popular spectator sports, for example, football or baseball, (1) th

____ in Europe or the USA in the 19 century. This did not happen by chance. It was the result of changes in the (2) ____ people lived in those places at that time. Until then more people lived in the country than in towns. They worked in small groups and had no (3) ____ time off. All this changed with the growth of factories and industry in the 19th century, first in Europe and then in the USA. For the first time most people began to live in towns, and they (4) ____ themselves with regular free time. They had more leisure time than (5) ____ before. This resulted (6) ____ the need for the organized entertainment. Suitable games were developed or invented, typically team games, in which the crowds could (7) ____ sides and become involved. This gave people some of the entertainment they needed in their free time. The (8) ____ explosion in TV, with the introduction of satellite and cable channels, has caused an increase in (9) ____ for sports as entertainment. The money TV has brought to games such as football, tennis, and baseball (10) ____ that spectator sports will certainly go on playing an important part in our lives.

Soon Henry had a great many contacts in far-off places. One in particular was a man in California with (7) ____whom____ he had much in common. One night the man in California happened to mention the village in Europe he had come from. Suddenly, Henry realised that this man was, in fact, his younger brother, Peter. At first, the two brothers were at a (8) ____loss___ for words but then little by little they filled (9) ___in____ the details of their past lives and not long afterwards Henry Vincent flew to California to (10) ___be____ reunited with his brother. III. Read the following passage and choose the option that indicates the correct answer to each of the following questions. The Winterthur Museum is a collection and a house. There are many museums devoted to the decorative arts and many house museums, but rarely in the United States is a great collection displayed in a great country house. Passing through successive generations of a single family, Winterthur has been a private estate for more than a century. Even after the extensive renovations made to it between 1929 and 1931, the house remained a family residence. This fact is of importance to the atmosphere and effect of the museum. The impression of a lived-in

1. A. started

B. stemmed

C. came

D. appeared

2. A. manner

B. style

C. method

D. way

3. A. steady

B. square

C. regular

D. normal

4. A. found

B. realized

C. presented

D. noticed

5. A. just

B. having

C. ever

D. previously

furniture and architectural elements has been assembled. Like an English country house, it is an organic structure; the house, as well as the collection and manner of displaying it to the visitor,

house is apparent to the visitor; the rooms look as if they were vacated only a short while ago whether by the original owners of the furniture or the most recent residents of the house can be a matter of personal interpretation. Winterthur remains, then, a house in which a collection of

6. A. from

B. by

C. with

D. in

has changed over the years. The changes have coincided with developing concepts of the

7. A. choose

B. take

C. select

D. decide

American arts, increased knowledge on the part of collectors and students, and a progression

8. A. recent

B. late

C. lately

D. later

9. A. need

B. requirement

C. request

D. demand

toward the achievement of a historical effect in period-room displays. The rooms at Winterthur have followed this current, yet still retained the character of a private house.

10. A. signifies

B. concludes

C. means

D. states

II. Read the text below and fill in each blank with ONE suitable word. At sixteen, Henry Vincent was separated from his family as a result of the war. He wandered aimlessly from one country to another (1) ____before__ finally settling down in Australia, (2) ___where___ he was trained as an electronics engineer. He established his own business but it called for so much work that marriage was out of the (3) ____question____.

The concept of a period room as a display technique has developed gradually over the years in an effort to present works of art in a context that would show them to greater effect and would give them more meaning for the viewers. Comparable to the habitat group in a natural history museum, the period room represents the decorative arts in a lively and interesting manner and provides an opportunity to assemble objects related by style, date, or place of manufacture. 1. What does the passage mainly discuss? A. The reason that Winterthur was redesigned.

B. Elements that make Winterthur an unusual museum.

D. WRITING

C. How Winterthur compares to English country houses.

I. Finish the second sentence in such a way that it means exactly the same as the sentence

D. Historical furniture contained in Winterthur.

printed before it.

2. The phrase "devoted to" in bold in paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to ____. A. surrounded by specializing in

B. sentimental about

C. successful with

My protests were ignored by everybody. → Nobody _______took any notice of my protests_______

D. 2.

I was not surprised to hear that Harry had failed his driving test. → It came ________as no surprise to me to hear that Harry___________

3. What happened at Winterthur between 1929 and 1931? A. The owners moved out.

B. The old furniture was replaced.

C. The house was repaired.

D. The estate became a museum.

It was the fog that caused the traffic problem. → If it __________hadn’t been for the fog, there wouldn’t have been traffic problem____________

4. What does the author mean by stating "The impression of a lived-in house is apparent to the visitor” in paragraph 1?

A. Winterthur is very old.

We haven't received the confirmation of our hotel booking yet. → Our hotel booking ________hasn’t been confirmed yet________

B. Winterthur does not look like a

typical museum. C. Few people visit Winterthur.

She didn't inherit anything under her uncle's will.

Betty is very happy to look after handicapped people.

→ Her uncle didn't _______leave her anything in his will_______

D. The furniture at Winterthur looks

comfortable 5. The word “assembled” in bold in paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to ____. A. developed fundamentally changed

B. appreciated

C. brought together

→ Betty is devoted ________to looking after handicapped people_______ D.

Nicky runs a successful company and she also manages to look after her four children. → Not only _____________does Nicky run a successful company, but she also

6. The word “it” in bold in paragraph 1 refers to ____. A. Winterthur Museum D. visitor

B. collection

manages to look after her four children_________________ C. English country house

B. exhibiting

C. informative

B. style

C. place of manufacture

The only thing they didn't steal was the television.

D. evolving

8. According to the passage, objects in a period room are related by all of the following EXCEPT ____. A. date

He said that he had been a long way from the scene of the crime at the time. → He denied ______having witnessed the crime___________

7. The word “developing” in bold in paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to A. traditional

D. past

→ They stole ________everything but / except (for) the television_________ 10.

Experts think that all dogs evolved from wolves. → All dogs _____are thought/ believed/ said to have evolved/ descended from wolves_____

ownership

II. Write a new sentence similar in meaning to the given one, using the word given in the

9. What is the relationship between the two paragraphs in the passage?

brackets. Do not alter the word in any way.

A. The second paragraph explains a term that was mentioned in the first paragraph. B. Each paragraph describes a different approach to the display of objects in a museum. C. The second paragraph explains a philosophy art appreciation that contrasts with the philosophy explained in the first paragraph. D. Each paragraph describes a different historical period.

1. I'll lend you the money on condition that you pay it back next week. (long) I'll lend you the money as/ so long as you pay it back next week. 2. Bill was about to speed when he saw the patrolman. (verge) Bill was on the verge of speeding when he saw the patrolman. 3. It is necessary for me to finish this homework tonight. (got)

I have got to finish this homework tonight. 4. She was cheated when she sold the jewelry at such a low price. (ride) She was taken for a ride when she sold the jewelry at such a low price. 5. They arrived at their destination alive and kicking. (sound) They arrived at their destination safe and sound. 6. It was the telephonist's fault that they didn't get the message. (blame) The telephonist was to blame for the fact that they didn’t get the message. 7. The disagreement is a lot of fuss about nothing. (teacup) The disagreement is a storm in a teacup. 8. There's nothing new about defence alliances. (hills) Defence alliances are as old as the hills. 9. They couldn't decide where to go on holiday. (reach) They couldn't reach a decision on/ about where to go on holiday. 10. Why didn't they tell me about these changes earlier? (should) I should have been told about these changes earlier.

nominate

(v.)

đề cử

nocturne

(n.)

dạ khúc

nuance

(n.)

sắc thái

originate

(v)

bắt đầu, khởi đầu

patriotic

(adj.)

yêu nước

patriotism

(n.)

lòng yêu nước

phenomenon

(n.)

hiện tượng

polonaise

(n.)

điệu nhảy truyền thống của người Ba Lan

prodigy

(n.)

thần đồng

prominent

(adj.)

quan trọng, nổi tiếng

reality TV Show

(n. phr)

chương trình truyền hình thực tế

renowned

(adj.)

nổi tiếng

sonata

(n.)

bản xô-nát

waltz

(n.)

điệu nhảy vanxơ

achievement

(n.)

thành tựu

biography

(n.)

tiểu sử

box office

(n.)

phòng vé

Unit 3. MUSIC - KEY

competition

(n.)

cuộc thi

PART 1: VOCABULARY AND GRAMMAR REVIEW

competitive

(adj.)

mang tính cạnh tranh

A. VOCABULARY

compose

(v.)

soạn, sáng tác

composer

(n.)

nhà soạn nhạc

air

(v.)

lên sóng

audition

(n.)

sự thử giọng

contest

(n.)

cuộc thi

ballade

(n.)

tình ca (cho piano hoặc dàn nhạc)

contestant

(n.)

thí sinh

celebrity panel

(n. phr)

hội đồng giám khảo là những người nổi tiếng

debut album

(n.)

album đầu tay

conquer

(v.)

chinh phục, chiến thắng

deceive

(v.)

lừa dối

cultural figure

(n. phr.)

nhân vật văn hóa

eliminate

(v.)

loại ra

demanding

(adj.)

khó khăn, đòi hỏi khắt khe

innovation

(n.)

sự đổi mới

franchise

(n.)

sự nhượng quyền thương hiệu

launch

(v.)

ra mắt, giới thiệu sản phẩm

inspirational

(adj)

truyền cảm hứng

modest

(adj.)

khiêm tốn

instrumental music

(n. phr)

nhạc không lời

musical instrument

(n. phr.)

nhạc cụ

melody

(n.)

giai điệu

passionate

(adj.)

nồng nhiệt, đam mê

national anthem

(n. phr)

quốc ca

platinum

(n.)

đĩa bạch kim

process

(n.)

quá trình

Trong tiếng Anh có 7 liên từ kết hợp, đó là: for, and, nor, but, or, yet, so

purchase

(v.)

mua sắm

Chúng ta ghi nhớ bằng cụm FANBOYS (các chữ cái đầu của các từ).

rating list

(n. phr.)

bảng xếp hạng

release

(v.)

phát hành

For

And

Nor

But

Yet

single

(n.)

đĩa đơn

smash hit

(n.)

sự thành công

talented

(adj.)

có tài

version

(n.)

phiên bản

For - bởi vì Liên từ for được sử dụng để nêu ra lí do (reason). Ex:

B. GRAMMAR

I don't believe his words, for he used to lie to me.

I. CÂU GHÉP (COMPOUND SENTENCES) 1. Câu ghép a. Khái niệm về câu ghép Câu ghép trong tiếng Anh được hình thành bởi ít nhất 2 mệnh đề độc lập (Independent Clause),

She likes eating fruits, for they are good for her health. Cô ấy thích ăn hoa quả vì chúng tốt cho sức khỏe. Tôi không tin lời anh ta vì anh ta đã từng nói dối tôi.

And - và Liên từ and được dùng để diễn tả sự liên kết, bổ sung thông tin (addition). Ex:

He was tired, and he had a headache.

thường được nối bởi liên từ kết hợp (coordinating conjunction) và thêm dấu phẩy trước liên từ

Anh ấy mệt và anh ấy bị đau đầu.

kết hợp đó.

American Idol began in 2002, and it quickly gained popularity.

Independent Clause 1, coordinating conjunction Independent Clause 2

Chương trình Thần tượng âm nhạc Mỹ bắt đầu vào năm 2002 và nó nhanh chóng

b. Ví dụ → He is very handsome, and he speaks English very well. (Anh ấy rất đẹp trai và anh ấy nói tiếng Anh rất hay.) • Trong câu trên, mệnh đề 1 - "He is very handsome" kết nối với mệnh đề số 2 – “he speaks English very well" bằng liên từ "and" và cách nhau bởi dấu "," → She is a talented singer, so many people admire her. Cô ấy là một ca sĩ tài năng vì thế rất nhiều người hâm mộ cô ấy. Tương tự câu 1, trong câu này, mệnh đề 1 - "She is a talented singer" kết nối với mệnh đề số 2 "many people admire her" bằng liên từ "so" và cách nhau bởi dấu "," c. Một số ví dụ khác: Last night, Mary went to her mother's home, and Mark went out with some of his friends. Tối qua, Mary về nhà mẹ cô ấy còn Mark thì đi ra ngoài với các bạn của anh ấy. I knew he didn't know the answer, so I didn't ask. Tôi biết là anh ta không có câu trả lời nên tôi không hỏi. • Chúng ta đều thấy rằng trong câu ghép, liên từ kết hợp đóng một vai trò rất quan trọng, vậy hãy cùng tìm hiểu xem liên từ kết hợp gồm có những từ nào. 2. Liên từ kết hợp trong câu ghép

được ưa thích sau đó. Nor - cũng không Liên từ nor được sử dụng để diễn tả ý phủ định (negation). Với cách dùng của nor lưu ý sử dụng đảo ngữ ở mệnh đề thứ hai. Chúng ta không nói: I can't go to Linh's birthday party, nor Lucy can. Câu đúng sẽ là I can't go to Linh's birthday party, nor can Lucy. Ex:

She was not in the back yard, nor was she in the kitchen. Cô ấy không ở sân sau, cũng không có ở trong bếp.

But - nhưng But diễn tả sự trái ngược, thông tin sau khác với thông tin trước (contrast). Ex:

This house is big, but that house is bigger. Căn nhà này to nhưng căn nhà kia to hơn. I like Pop music, but my brother likes Rock. Tôi thích nhạc Pop nhưng anh trai tôi lại thích Rock.

Or - hoặc là Liên từ Or dùng để nêu lên sự lựa chọn (choice).

Ex:

Try

Seem

Want

Wish

Bạn có thể bắt xe buýt hoặc bạn có thể đi xe đạp tới rạp chiếu phim.

You can take a bus, or you can ride a bike to the cinema.

cố gắng

dường như

muốn

ước

You have to get up early, or you'll be late for school.

Ex:

Con phải dậy sớm hoặc con sẽ bị đi học muộn.

Anh ấy bắt đầu đăng video tự làm làm lên mạng vào năm 2010.

Yet - nhưng

Julia is planning to travel abroad next month.

Yet nghĩa là "tuy nhiên", "mặc dù vậy", "ấy vậy mà", và dùng để diễn tả sự tương phản (contrary outcome). Ex:

Julia dự định đi du lịch nước ngoài vào tháng tới. b. Verbs + O + to-infinitives

She is quiet, yet she is an outgoing girl.

Một số động từ đi kèm tân ngữ và theo sau bởi động từ nguyên thể có to, bao gồm:

Cô ấy khá trầm tính nhưng cô ấy là một cô gái hòa đồng.

advise

allow

cause

ask

She said she wouldn't come, yet I still waited for her.

khuyên

cho phép

yêu cầu

aây ra

Cô ấy nói cô ấy không đến nhưng tôi vẫn chờ cô ấy. So - vì thế, cho nên Liên từ So dùng để diễn tả kết quả (result). Ex:

He began to post his homemade videos on the Internet in 2010.

convince

encourage

expect

force

thuyết phục

khuyến khích

mong đợi

ép buộc need

hire

instruct

invite

thuê

hướng dẫn

mời

cần

Từ này khá lạ nên bạn có thể tra nó trong từ điển.

persuade

require

teach

want

It was raining, so we did not go out.

thuyết phục

yêu cầu

dạy

muốn

This word is strange, so you can look it up in the dictionary.

Trời đang mưa, vì vậy chúng tôi không đi ra ngoài.

Ex:

II. ĐỘNG TỪ NGUYÊN THỂ CÓ “TO” VÀ ĐỘNG TỪ NGUYÊN THỂ KHÔNG CÓ “TO”.

She invited me to join her birthday party. Cô ấy mời tôi đến bữa tiệc sinh nhật của cô ấy, They don't allow me to smoke in this room.

1. To-infinitives and bare infinitives

Họ không cho phép tôi hút thuốc trong phòng này.

a. To-infinitives

His parents expect him to win the singing contest. Verbs + to-infinitives

Bố mẹ anh ấy mong anh ấy chiến thắng trong cuộc thi hát. My father encourages me to learn to play the piano.

Chúng ta sử dụng động từ nguyên thể có to sau một số động từ như trong bảng dưới đây:

Bố tôi động viên tôi học chơi đàn piano.

Agree

Begin

Decide

Determine

c. To-infinitives in structures Một số cấu trúc có sử dụng động từ nguyên thể có to bao gồm:

đồng ý

bắt đầu

quyết định

quyết tâm

Expect

Forget

Hesitate

Hope

mong đợi

quên

do dự

hi vọng

Intend

Learn

Offer

Plan

dự định

học

đưa ra đề nghị

lên kế hoạch

Prefer

Promise

Refuse

Tend

Anh ấy đủ khỏe để nhấc được chiếc túi này.

thích

hứa

từ chối

có xu hướng

I don't have enough money to buy the ticket.

Cấu trúc 1 enough to V • Cấu trúc enough to V có nghĩa là đủ để làm gì Ex:

He is strong enough to lift this bag.

làm cho, khiến

Tôi không có đủ tiền để mua vé. Cấu trúc 2

Ex: whether to V

This song made all the audiences cry.

I don't know whether to phone her or not.

Bài hát này khiến tất cả khán giả đều khóc.

Tôi không biết liệu có nên gọi điện cho cô ấy hay không.

My friend helped me buy Taylor Swift's new CD.

I can't decide whether to buy a ticket online or at the box office.

Bạn tôi mua giúp tối chiếc đĩa CD mới của Taylor Swift.

Tôi không thể quyết định được liệu mua vé trực tuyến hay mua ở phòng vé.

I see the boy in yellow kick the ball.

Cấu trúc 3

Tôi nhìn thấy cậu bé mặc áo màu vàng đá quả bóng. It's + adjective + to V

I'll have Peter fix my electric bike.

• Cấu trúc Its + adjective + to V có nghĩa là Thế nào khi làm gì.

Tôi sẽ nhờ Peter sửa cái xe điện của tôi.

• Động từ nguyên thể có to sử dụng khi đứng sau một số tính từ như dangerous (nguy hiểm), important (quan trọng), easy (dễ dàng), difficult (khó khăn)... Ex:

nhìn thấy

Nói cho mẹ biết tại sao con không chịu nghe lời mẹ.

• Cấu trúc whether to V có nghĩa là liệu có làm hay không Ex:

để, cho

Please let me know the reason why you don't listen to me.

It's dangerous to ride a motorcycle without a helmet.

b. Modal verbs + bare infinitives Sau các động từ khuyết thiếu như can, could, should, may, might, ... chúng ta cũng sử dụng động từ nguyên thể không có to. Ex:

Thật nguy hiểm khi đi xe máy mà không đội mũ bảo hiểm.

You should go to the supermarket to buy more food.

It's easy to book tickets online in advance.

Bạn nên đi siêu thị để mua thêm đồ ăn.

Đặt vé trực tuyến trước rất dễ dàng.

He could play the piano when he was five.

Cấu trúc 4

Anh ấy có thể chơi đàn piano khi mới 5 tuổi. PART 2: EXERCISES

to be about + to V • Cấu trúc to be about + to V có nghĩa là sắp làm gì

A. PHONETICS

They're about to start.

I. Choose the word that has the underlined part pronounced differently from the others.

Họ sắp sửa khởi hành.

1. A. guest

B. manage

C. prodigy

D. teenager

We're about to perform live on stage to a television audience.

2. A. demanding

B. nuance

C. ballade

D. polonaise

Chúng tôi sắp biểu diễn trực tiếp trên sân khấu trước khán giả truyền hình.

3. A. waltz

B. franchise

C. patriotism

D. composer

2. Bare infinitives

4. A. sonata

B. phenomenon

C. nocturne

D. polonaise

a. Verbs + 0 + bare infinitives

5. A. achievement

B. charity

C. chorus

D. franchise

Các trường hợp động từ sau đây chúng ta sẽ dùng với động từ nguyên thể không có to

6. A. renowned

B. talented

C. gifted

D. learned

Ex:

feel

find

have

II. Choose the word that has the underlined part pronounced differently from the others.

cảm thấy

nhận thấy, thấy

có, nhờ

1. A. single

B. music

C. contest

D. release

hear

help

notice

2. A. platinum

B. sonata

C. anthem

D. smash

nghe thấy

giúp

để ý thấy

3. A. compose B. purchase

make

let

see

4. A. version

B. process

C. release C. modest

D. increase D. contestant

5. A. instrument

B. platinum

6. A. eliminate B. nominate

C. debut C. originate

D. album

3. You have to pass the ____audition____ in order to advance to the semi-finals of the Idol programme.

D. passionate

B. VOCABULARY AND GRAMMAR

4. His pieces of music are becoming more and more technically _____demanding______.

I. Choose the best options to fill in the blanks.

5. I love _____ inspirational ______ songs because they give enthusiasm and ideas to what I do.

1. They are producing more and more ____ in the USA and they will soon spread to all parts of the world.

6. A majority of his songs which praise ______ patriotism ______ were written during wartime.

A. real TV shows

B. reality TV shows

C. actuality TV shows

2. Ho Chi Minh has been considered one of the ____ of the world. A. culture figures

B. cultural figures

C. cultural images

III. Match the words with the corresponding definitions. 1. biography

a. an event for people to compete to find out the best person at

something

2. competition

b. certification for an album which sells one million units

3. The boy showed his talent for playing the piano at the age of five, so he was considered an

____.

3. platinum A. infant prodigy

B. infant artist

C. infant talent

4. The first episode of the film is going to be ____ next Sunday. A. aired

B. announced

C. transmitted

B. proceeded

C. originated

6. Nicholas Sparks is a ____ author. People love and respect him for his novels and personalities. A. notorious

B. renowned

C. remarked

B. decided

C. nominated

B. phenomenal

C. situation

9. Trinh Cong Son is a ____ composer in Vietnam. Many Vietnamese people can sing his songs. A. prominent

B. famous

C. Both A & B are correct.

10. The young singer has ____ several singing competitions, but she still desires to compete in

1. The band's debut album was a smash hit. A. great success

B. failure

B. conquered

C. achieved

B. enthusiastic

C. indifferent

3. Some contestants are truly talented and make relentless efforts. B. incompetent

C. gifted

4. In this round, the contestants have to form pairs and choose a song to perform with their partners. A. supporters

B. competitors

C. spectators

5. This TV series has different versions all over the world. B. copies

C. categories

6. His latest single was released last month. Many people had been waiting for it. A. produced

II. Choose the right words to complete the sentences.

C. disappointment

2. The young singer is also passionate about composing.

A. originals

The Voice of Vietnam this year. A. sung

event

A. hard-working

8. His song quickly became a ____ among Vietnamese young people. A. phenomenon

d. a place where people can come to buy tickets for admission to an

A. good at

7. Four artists have been ____ for the prize, but only one can win it. A. offered

4. box office

IV. Choose the words/ phrases that are SAME in meaning to the underlined parts.

5. Many folk songs which ____ in rural areas are still favored nowadays. A. resulted

c. a story of one's life written by another person

B. finished

C. launched

inspirational

celebrity panel

conquer

V. Choose the options that best fit the blanks.

audition

patriotism

demanding

1. David had to practice hard to compete with other contestants, for it was a highly ____ round.

1. It's not easy to _____conquer______ such a big competition. 2. The ___ celebrity panel ___ has to give comments for each contestant after their performances.

A. competitive

B. passionate

C. eliminate

D. competitor

2. The Idol program ____ consists of auditions, semi-finals and finals. A. franchise

B. step

C. round

D. process

3. Can you play any ____? - Yes. I can play the flute and the guitar. A. musical tools

B. pieces of music

1. He was a gifted song-writer, but he had to suffer poor health.

C. musical instruments

D. musical

devices

Incorrect

4. Two of the four contestants will be ____ after tonight's show. A. composed

B. removed

C. eliminated

D. terminated

3. Pitt has just put two new batteries in the toy car, yet it is not running.

D. newness

4. Mary was tired, yet we stopped for a rest.

D. defrauded

5. Maybe it is caused by human error, and maybe it is totally a coincidence.

Correct

5. Bach made significant ____ in classical music. A. innovations

B. creativity

C. strangeness

Incorrect

6. That company ____ her into signing a five-year contract. A. deceived

B. pretended

C. made

7. What are the major ____ of that famous composer? A. smash hits

B. biographies

C. rating lists

D. achievements

8. American Idol was ____ in 2002 and soon became a phenomenal entertainment series. A. launched

B. aired

C. published

D. Both A & B are

correct. VI. Choose the options that best fit the blanks. 1. The boys are playing games, ____ the girls are watching TV. A. so

B. nor

C. and

2. I tried my best in the final test, ____ the result was not as good as I expected. A. but

B. so

C. for

3. He lost the key, ____ he couldn't get into the house. A. yet

B. or

C. so

4. She loves comedies, ____ her husband is interested in action films. A. for

B. yet

C. or

5. You must do well in the test, ____ you will not graduate. A. so

B. or

C. for

6. Pop music is so popular, ____ the melody is simple and memorable. A. for

B. so

C. and

7. I should practice more for the competition, ____ my health hasn't been excellent recently. A. and

B. so

C. but

8. You can go to the movies with me, ____ you can go to the concert alone. A. and

Correct 2. Katherine doesn't like the main characters of that movie, nor she likes its plot.

B. or

C. so

VII. Decide whether the following sentences are Correct or Incorrect.

Incorrect 6. You've been waiting for too long. You should go home, and I will ask Sally to talk to you later. Correct 7. I stayed in San Francisco for two years, so that I can recommend some really nice sites. Incorrect 8. Because my mother is busy this week, so my father is going to my cousin's wedding. Incorrect VIII. Fill in the blanks with coordinating conjunctions: 1. Daniel tried to read a book in Thai, ____but / yet__ it was too difficult. 2. Will you pick me up after work, _____or_____ will I take the bus? 3. My grandfather is quite old, ____yet / but____ he exercises more regularly than I do. 4. My holiday will be an all-inclusive one, ____for_____ I don't know much about the city. 5. Did he design the house himself, _____or_____ did he have it designed by an architect? 6. My mother gave me some money, ______and______ she also gave me a new dress for Tet. 7. She never came to see him, _______nor________ did she leave him any money. 8. I had failed the driving test once, ______so_____ I was very nervous yesterday IX. Choose the best compound sentence for each sentence pair. 1. The boy didn't like to go to school. He went anyway. A. The boy didn't like to go to school, so he went anyway. B. The boy hated to go to school, yet he went anyway. C. The boy hated to go to school, and he went anyway. 2. I am planning to visit Korea. I have started to save some money. A. I am planning to visit Korea, but I have started to save some money. B. I have a plan to visit Korea, nor have I started to save some money.

C. I have made a plan to visit Korea, so I have started to save some money. 3. The first season of Vietnam Idol aired on VTV in 2007. The fifth season aired in 2013.

1. She doesn't like the car toy, nor does she likes the Teddy bear. __________________________________like________________________________________

A. The first season of Vietnam Idol aired on VTV in 2007, and the fifth one aired in

__________

2013.

2. There were no online tickets left, so that we had to come to the box office.

B. The first season of Vietnam Idol aired on VTV in 2007, but the fifth season aired in 2013.

_____________________________bỏ “that”____________________________________________________

C. The first season of Vietnam Idol aired on VTV in 2007, for the fifth season aired in

3. Turn off all the lights and the TV, or lock the door before you leave.

2013.

___________________________and_______________________________________________ _________

4. My uncle can play volleyball. He can't play basketball. A. My uncle can play football, so he can play basketball.

4. She'd like to know what her mistakes are, so she wants to improve her pronunciation.

B. My uncle can play volleyball, nor can he play basketball.

___________________________________for________________________________________

C. My uncle can play volleyball, but he can't play basketball.

___________

5. Let's go to the swimming pool. It's so hot today.

5. For this computer is broken, and you can use that tablet.

A. Let's go to the swimming pool, for it's so hot today.

______________________bỏ

B. Let's go to the swimming pool, so it's very hot today.

“and”_________________________________________________________

C. Let's go to the swimming pool, and it's so hot today.

6. That man looks like a kind guy you can count on, and he isn't. He always gives others a hand if he can.

6. You can call the manager directly. You can email him. A. You can call the manager directly, or you can email him. B. You can call the manager directly, for you can email him. C. You can email the manager, so you can call him directly. 7. She sang beautifully. At the end of her performance, she got a big round of applause from the audience.

_______________________________________________is_____________________________ ________ 7. You mustn't go to the box office to buy tickets, for they don't sell tickets online. _____must____________________________________________________________________ ________ 8. The actor has been nominated for 10 Grammy Awards, yet he has won eight. That's a great

A. She sang beautifully, yet at the end of her performance, she got a big round of applause from the audience.

achievement.

B. She sang beautifully, for at the end of her performance, she got a big round of

______________________________________________and____________________________ ____________

applause from the audience. C. She sang beautifully, so at the end of her performance, she got a big round of applause from the audience. 8. It is raining very hard. The children are still playing football. A. It is raining very hard, for the children are still playing football. B. It is raining very hard, yet the children are still playing football. C. It's raining very hard, so the children are still playing football. X. Determine ONE wrong/ redundant word in each sentence.

XI. Choose the options that best fit the blanks. 1. They refuse ____ the donation from the government. A. receiving

B. to receive

C. receive

2. The Bakers hire a young man ____ on their farm during the harvest. A. work

B. to work

C. working

3. I heard someone ____ outside when I was watching TV. A. to fall

B. fall

C. fell

4. The boy was able ____ the piano when he was small. A. play

B. playing

C. to play

XIV. Determine whether the following sentences are Correct or Incorrect.

5. He advises Julia ____ to the dentist. A. to go

B. go

7. It's dangerous _______to go________ (go) out alone late at night. 8. My father promised ______to buy_______ (buy) me a comic book on my 9th birthday.

C. going

1. Please don't hesitate to call me when you arrive in Frankfurt.

C. to have

2. My parents didn't encourage me studying Music at university.

C. dancing

3. Blake didn't invite her boyfriend to come to her graduation ceremony.

Correct

6. He does not seem ____ passion for this job. A. have

B. having

Incorrect

7. Would you like ____ with music? A. dance

B. to dance

Correct

8. Sam wanted me ____ there early in the morning. A. come

B. coming

C. to come

4. The clerk required me signing in the form before letting me in. Incorrect

9. Have you ever expected ____ an astronaut? A. to become

B. become

C. becoming

10. The heavy rain forced us ____ the match last week. A. delay

B. to delay

C. delaying

XII. Give the correct forms of the verbs.

5. He didn't deserve to be treated by the locals like that. Correct 6. It's impolite not to take off your shoes before stepping into a Japanese house. Correct 7. Jimmy forgot to lock the house, so it was broken into.

Farmer Pitt met Jane when they were both young. He determined to ask Jane (1. marry) ___to marry___ him. After getting married, Pitt tried (2. get) ___to get___ up early every morning to milk the cow so that Jane could sleep late. Everything went smoothly until they

Correct 8. She is mature enough discuss her family's problems with her parents. Incorrect

decided (3. increase) ____to increase____ their profits by buying some hens. A fox came and tried to eat their hens. Jane persuaded her husband (4. buy) ____to buy____ a gun, but this

9. Anna learnt how making cakes from her grandmother.

couldn't (5. help) ___help___, for the fox was so fast. They even let the fox (6. eat) ____eat____ other foods, but this didn't seem (7. work) ____to work____. Eventually, they asked around for

10. I didn't have enough money buy the coat, so I just bought a sweater.

Incorrect Incorrect

help, and one of the neighbors advised them (8. try) ____to try_____ putting tiger dung on the ground. They hoped that tiger dung would make the fox (9. stay) ____stay____ away from their

XV. Complete the sentences with the correct forms of the verbs: leave, change, know, come,

only chicken left. Pitt had his wife (10. buy) ___buy____ some tiger dung at a nearby shop, and they never saw the fox again.

reveal, finish, feed, share, refuse, return 1. Nothing can make Alex ______change______ her mind now.

XIII. Use to-infinitives or bare infinitives to complete the following sentences.

2. Please let me _______know________ your decision as soon as possible.

1. It began _____to rain_____ (rain) when I was in London last Saturday.

3. It's customary ____to refuse____ a gift from at least once or twice before finally accepting in

2. We've decided _____to attend______ (attend) the music contest at the end of this year.

Japan.

3. They intended _______to visit______ (visit) Paris last year but they didn't have enough time.

4. Hurry up! The train is about ____to leave____ in five minutes.

4. Don't let him ______know______ (know) about his mother's illness now.

5. She didn't know whether ______to come______ to her friend's wedding or not.

5. Someone saw him _______go____ (go) to a restaurant with his friends.

6. There are not enough candies ______to share_______ among all the children here.

6. This song makes everybody ________feel_____ (feel) comfortable.

7. I saw my little sister ______feed____ the dog yesterday. 8. I determine _____to finish_____ all my homework today.

9. You can use my car but you must promise _____to return_____ it before Friday. 10. My younger sister is not reliable enough ______to reveal______ my secrets to her. C. READING

A. people who come and watch directly

B. people who watch through the TV screen

7. to franchise A. to vote for a favourite contestant

B. to sell the formula to others

I. Read the passage and do the tasks below

Part 2. Choose the best answers to the following questions.

Based on the original The Voice of Holland, The Voice of America, or sooner The Voice, officially aired on NBC on April 26, 2011 aiming to find new singing talent and soon became a

1. What is TRUE about The Voice program?

big hit.

A. It originated in Holland.

B. The Voice of Holland first aired

on NBC.

The Voice process includes Blinds Audition, Battles Rounds, Knockout Rounds, and the final live performance phase. Only those fifteen and over are eligible for the competition. There are four coaches, themselves well-known performing artists, who critique contestants' performances and form their own teams of contestants and give them guidance through the rest of the season. Coaches also have the power to decide on which contestants to advance in the next rounds. One celebrity key advisor gives assistance to the coaches and their teams during the preparation process. The coaches and the television audience have equal power to decide who moves on to the final four phase. However, the winner is determined by votes from the television audience by online voting on the official website, SMS text and iTunes stores purchases of the contestants' performances. The declared winner receives US$ 100, 000 and a record contract with Universal

C. It was a failure in Holland. 2. What is a requirement for contestants? A. Contestants must be at least rs old.

B. Contestants must be at least 13

years old. C. Contestants must be at least 15 years old. 3. Who decide on the winner of each season? A. Coaches and television audience

B. Coaches and the celebrity key

advisor C. Television audience 4. By what means can people vote for their favourite contestant?

Music Group.

A. Text messages, internet, and post letters

As an incredible success in both Holland and the U.S., The Voice has been franchised out to many other countries in the world, and has been a big rival to the Idol franchise.

B. Text messages and online buying of the contestants' performances

Part 1. Choose the appropriate meaning for each word from the text. 1. to air A. to broadcast on television

A. A large amount of money and becoming a The Voice coach B. to be produced as a TV program

2. a big hit A. a successful record of a song

C. A large amount of money and chance to work with a music company II. Choose the best answer to fill in the blank.

B. a TV contest

It has always been difficult for me to decide (1) ____ "popular music" means music written for the people or it is simple music that the people like. The same problem of definition

B. a series of action

exists with jazz. So (2) ____ different types of music have been called jazz at one time or (3)

WHAT IS "POP" MUSIC?

4. process A. a method of doing something 5. a live performance A. a performance made when people are watching, not recorded B. a performance recorded and posted on the Internet 6. television audience

B. A record contract worth US$ 100,000

B. a great success

3. a season A. a series of a TV program

C. Youtube views and online voting on the official website 5. What is the prize for winning a The Voice season?

____ that is hard to say what it really is. Jazz has always been considered (4) ____ black music but when I first took an interest in it I used to hear white bands playing music that was like Louis Armstrong's in the 1920s. I found out (5) ____ that they learn to do this by playing his records over and over again until their style was (6) ____ to his for them to imitate him. Since then white

singers (7) ____ Bob Dylan have rediscovered their own folk tradition, instead of borrowing from black roots. But the main changes since 1960 have been social and technical. One is that (8)

C. I see my brother once every 14 years.

D. My brother is 14 years old.

4. Jack is afraid he'll gain weight if he stops smoking.

____ have more money to spend on records at an earlier age than they used to, so Tin Pan Alley,

A. Jack is afraid of smoking.

the "pop music" industry, aims at the teenage audience. Another is that electronic equipment has

B. Jack doesn't realize the dangers of smoking.

developed (9) ____ extent that technicians are now capable of mixing sound to produce recordings that are quite different from a live performance. But the real problem with "pop"

C. Jack is afraid he'll become fat if he gives up smoking. D. Jack is afraid he'll lose weight if he doesn't smoke.

music is that Tin Pan Alley has always worked against (10) ____ a genuine music of the people. It takes everything original and natural out of it and replaces it with cheap commercial imitation.

5. Fewer people came to the meeting than we had expected.

As the American folk singer, Woody Guthrie said: "They've always preferred the second-rate

A. Too many people came to the meeting.

song. They've never wanted to play the good one."

B. There were more people at the meeting than we had expected.

1. A. what

B. how

C. whether

D. when

2. A. much

B. a lot of

C. many

D. plenty

C. We had expected more people to come to the meeting. D. There were not enough seats for all people as we had expected. 6. I should have studied last night but I was too tired.

3. A. the other

B. the others

C. others

D. another

4. A. to be

B. being

C. as being

D. that it is

A. I studied last night because I was bored.

5. A. presently

B. afterwards

C. after

D. soon

B. I studied last night because I had to.

6. A. so close

B. close enough

C. too close

D. enough close

C. I tried to study last night, but material was too hard.

7. A. like

B. as

C. for instance

D. for example D. youngs

D. I couldn't study last night because I was very tired. 7. Although Mr Pike was seriously ill, he still composed nice pieces of music.

8. A. the youths

B. young people

C. the youth

9. A. in so great

B. to so great

C. in such an

D. to such an

A. Mr Pike's pieces of music were very serious.

10. A. its being

B. it to be

C. being it

D. that it was

B. Mr Pike didn't compose any nice pieces of music because he was seriously ill.

III. Choose the sentence which is closest in meaning with the given one.

C. Despite his serious illness, Mr Pike still composed nice pieces of music.

1. Mrs Sally asked the students to hand in their assignments.

D. Mr Pike were too ill to compose music. 8. The coffee was strong, but it didn't keep us awake.

A. Mrs Sally gave the class an assignment. B. Mrs Sally gave the students a hand with their assignments.

A. The coffee was strong and it could keep us awake.

C. Mrs Sally asked the students to give their assignments to her.

B. We were kept awake because the coffee was strong.

D. Mrs Sally asked the students to raise their hands if they wanted to ask a question.

C. The coffee wasn't strong enough to keep us awake. D. The coffee was so hot that it didn't keep us awake.

2. Because of working hard, she fell ill. A. She worked so hard that she fell ill.

B. She didn't work so she fell ill.

9. He can hardly understand this matter because he's too young.

C. She was too ill to work hard.

D. She wasn't ill although she

A. This matter is too hard for him to understand.

worked hard.

B. He's young, but he can understand this matter.

3. It's been fourteen years since I last saw my brother. A. I didn't see my brother 14 years ago. years.

C. The matter was difficult but he can understand it. B. I haven't seen my brother for 14

D. Hardly can he understand this matter because he's too young. 10. My mother had the house decorated.

A. My mother had someone decorate the house.

song in the 2000s among Vietnamese university students. My Tam won the bronze medal at

B. My mother had to decorate the house.

the Asian Music Festival held in Shanghai in 2000. One year later, she graduated from the

C. The house is going to be decorated by my mother.

Conservatory of Ho Chi Minh City with flying colors. She was also the first Vietnamese singer to participate in the Asian Song Festival in Seoul, Korea. My Tam is one of the most

D. My mother had just decorated the house. 11. "Could you hold the line, please?" said the operator. A. The operator told me to stop my call.

B. The operator told me to speak.

C. The operator told me to wait. later.

D. The operator told me to call back

famous and influential pop singers in Vietnam and still maintains a passionate and active performing career. II. Rewrite the following sentences without changing their meaning, using the given words. 1.

12. If you don't understand this word, look it up in the dictionary. 2.

A. If you know this word, tell me. C. If my dictionary hasn't got the word, I'll find another one. D. If you don't know this word, find it in the dictionary. 13. She hates shopping in large supermarkets and prefers buying food in small shops or street markets.

______ 3.

"I saw the movie you recommended last night," he said to her. He told her that ___he had seen the she had recommendedthe night before_______

Sam eats a lot every day. However, she still looks rawboned. Even though Sam _____eats a lot every day, she still looks rawboned ____

A. She never goes shopping. B. She often buys food in the supermarket.

I didn't want to disturb him so I didn't call him.

It's such an expensive television that we can't buy it.

So as _____not to disturb him, I didn’t call him_______

C. She often buys food in small shops and street markets. D. She goes shopping every day.

This television _____is too expensive for us to buy______

14. Surprisingly for an American, he doesn't drink any coke. B. A lot of American people drink

I usually listen to music when I am stressed and tired.

We seldom go to the beach in winter.

I am used ______to listening to music when I am stressed and tired_______

coke. C. He is a surprise for the Americans.

They saw two men running out of the bank with big bags on their shoulders. Two men ____were seen running out of the bank with big bags on their shoulders

B. If you don't know this word, I'll tell you.

A. He always drinks coke.

If the plane leaves on time, we'll arrive in Paris at noon. Should ______ the plane leave on time, we'll arrive in Paris at noon ___________

D. He sometimes drinks coke.

Seldom ______do we go to the beach in winter__________

15. Just breathing the air in Mexico City is the same as smoking 40 cigarettes a day. A. An average person in Mexico City smokes 40 cigarettes a day.

He didn't spill coffee on the laptop.

10.

If you practice more, you'll play better.

It wasn't him ______that spilled coffee on the laptop______

B. Taking in the air in this city is good for your health. C. Taking in the air in this city has the same effect as smoking 40 cigarettes. D. People in Mexico never smoke.

The more _______you practice, the better you’ll play_______ PART 3: TEST YOURSELF

D. WRITING I. Write a brief biography about a famous artist. My Tam was born in 1981 in Da Nang. She is a famous pop singer in Vietnam. She had a passion for music and started learning musical instruments at an early age. Her bestknown songs ae Hoa Mi Toc Nau, Uoc Gi, and Cay Dan Sinh Vien which became an iconic

A. PHONETICS I. Choose the word whose underlined part is pronounced differently from that of the others. 1. A. architect

B. parachute

C. school

D. psychology

2. A. treason

B. reason

C. season

D. jealous

3. A. worked

B. laughed

C. hoped

D. needed

10. Mr. Vo Van Kiet, ____ was our former Prime Minister, was born in Vinh Long.

4. A. erupt

B. humour

C. UFO

D. communicate

5. A. author

B. other

C. there

D. they

A. that A. separate

II. Choose the word whose main stress pattern is not the same as that of the others. 1. A. friendly

B. extra

C. along

D. orphanage

2. A. interesting

B. surprising

C. amusing

D. successful

3. A. understand

B. engineer

C. benefit

D. Vietnamese

4. A. paper

B. tonight

C. lecture

D. story

5. A. important

B. community

C. organize

D. disease

B. takes

B. don't you B. to discover

C. Latter C. put out

B. Thieves had our house

D. punish D. got over

C. It was our house

B. Not having been

C. that success is

C. titles

D. professions

D. taking

18. Joe has three sisters. He wishes he ____ a brother.

D. what is success

19. He asked me ____.

A. works

B. lines B. after

A. have A. where did I live

C. will you

D. Having not been

17. I've looked ____ my book everywhere but I can't find it. A. for

C. take

C. Have not been

D. have you

C. at

D. in

B. will have

C. has

D. had

B. where I lived

C. where do you live

D. where do I

live 20. ____ is extremely dangerous.

C. discovering

D. discovered

A. At very high speeds driving cars

C. Driving cars at very high speeds

D. Cars driving at very high speeds

B. Cars at very high speeds driving

II. Error identification.

A. Better luck next time

B. Fine, thanks

C. Congratulation

D. That was

1. It was not until the match endedthat everybody had left the stadium. A

nice of them C. in

C. for the attention

D. about

9. The government stopped the local companies from importing fake milk powder ____ of public health. B. to the best

2. The plants in their garden looks unhealthy because they haven't had enough sunlight.

8. Our friends have lived in Paris ____ 2002. B. since

15. ____ to the national park before, she was amazed to see the geyser.

D. put up

Anna: “____”

A. in the interest

C. gone off

D. Lately

7. John: "I didn't pass my driving test".

A. for

B. taken after

A. Being not

6. He was the first person ____ the fire. A. discover

C. congratulate

16. Nursing, teaching and engineering are ____.

5. Don't set off fireworks too closely to your house, ____? A. do you

D. distinctive

They have

4. Various societies define ____ in many rather complex ways. A. that is successful B. what success is

B. reprove

A. We had our house

3. It is recommended that he ____ this course. A. took

C. individual

14. ____ broken into while we were away on holiday.

2. You will have to ____ your holiday if you are too ill to travel. B. cut down

B. divided

A. looked after

1. ____ scientists have observed increased pollution in the water supply.

A. put off

D. whom

12. I knew my father would discipline me for my bad behaviour. A. reward

I. Choose the most suitable word or phrase A, B, C or D to complete each sentence. B. Later

C. who

13. My father still hasn't really recovered from the death of my mother.

B. GRAMMAR AND VOCABULARY

A. Late

B. whose

11. One problem for teacher is that each student has his/her own ____ needs.

D. on the safe side

3. I'm having a day off today so I decide to take the car to the garage to have it repair. A

4. The astronauts didn't walk far on the Moon if they were hampered by the thick dust.

5. Some animals need more highlier developed sense cells than man to survive in their struggle

novel Redburn (1849). In 1841 Melville set out on a whaling ship headed for the South Seas. After jumping ship in Tahiti, he wandered around the islands of Tahiti and Moorea. This South Sea island sojourn was a backdrop to the novel Omoo (1847). After three years away from home,

for existence. A

Melville joined up with a U.S naval frigate that was returning to the eastern United States around Cape Horn. The novel White-Jacket (1850) describes this lengthy voyage a navy seaman.

C. READING I. Read the text below and decide which answer A, B, C, or D, best fits each space. THE HISTORY OF FILM The world first film was shown in 1895 by two French brothers, Louis and Auguste Lumiere. Although it only ____ (1) of short, simple scenes, people loved it and films have ____ (2) popular ever since. The first films were silent, with titles on the screen to ____ (3) the story.

With the publication of these early adventure novels, Melville developed a strong and loyal following among readers eager for his tales of exotic places and situations. However, in 1851, with the publication of Moby Dick, Melville's popularity started to diminish. Moby Dick, in one level the saga of the hunt for the great white whale, was also a heavily symbolic allegory of the heroic struggle of humanity against the universe. The public was not ready for Melville's

Soon the public had ____ (4) favourite actors and actresses and, in this ____ (5) the first

literary metamorphosis from romantic adventure to philosophical symbolism. It is ironic that the novel that served to diminish Melville's popularity during his lifetime is the one for which he

film stars

is best known today.

appeared. In 1927, the first “talkie”, a film with sound, was shown and from then on, the public ____ (6) only accept this kind of film. Further improvements continued, particularly in American, ____ (7) produced 95% of all films. With the arrival of television in the 1950s, ____ (8) people went to see films, but in ____ (9) years cinema audiences have grown again. More countries have started to produce films that influence film-making and there are currently ____ (10) national film industries. 1. A. consisted

B. contained

C. belonged

D. held

2. A. gone

B. been

C. made

D. kept

3. A. join

B. read

C. explain

D. perform

4. A. your

B. his

C. our

D. their

5. A. reason

B. way

C. method

D. result

6. A. should

B. would

C. might

D. will

7. A. who

B. where

C. when

D. which

8. A. other

B. each

C. fewer

D. any

9. A. recent

B. now

C. modern

D. present

10. A. many

B. lots

C. much

D. plenty

II. Read the passage and choose the correct answer A, B, C, or D for each question. Herman Melville, an American author best known today for his novel Moby Dick, was actually more popular during his lifetime for some of his other works. He traveled extensively and used the knowledge gained during his travels as the basis for his early novels. In 1837, at the age of eighteen, Melville signed as a cabin boy on a merchant ship that was to sail from his Massachusetts home to Liverpool, England. His experiences on this trip served as a basis for the

1. The main subject of the passage is ____. A. Melville's travels novels

B. The popularity of Melville's

C. Melville's personal background

D. Moby Dick

2. According to the passage, Melville's early novels were_ A. published while he was travelling

B. completely fictional

C. all about his work on whaling ships

D. based on his travels

3. In what year did Melville's book about his experience as a cabin boy appear? A. 1837

B. 1841

C. 1847

D. 1849

4. The word "basis" in line 4 is closest in meaning to ____. A. foundation

B. message

C. bottom

D. theme

5. The passage implies that Melville stayed in Tahiti because ____. A. He had unofficially left his ship B. He was on leave while his ship was in port C. He had finished his term of duty D. He had received permission to take a vacation in Tahiti 6. A "frigate" in line 8 is probably ____. A. an office

B. a ship

C. a troop

D. a train

7. How did the publication of Moby Dick affect Melville's popularity? A. His popularity increased immediately

B. It had no effect on his popularity

C. It caused his popularity to decrease as ever

D. His popularity remained as strong

family when you are retired. Finally, good luck.

8. According to the passage, Moby Dick is ____. A. a romantic novel

B. a single-faceted work

C. a short story about a whale the environment

D. a symbolic of humanity fighting

B. change

III. Give the correct form of the words. 1. I try not to remember this (1) ___frightening____ experience that only leaves me with unhappy thoughts. (fright)

9. The word "metamorphosis" in the paragraph is closet in meaning to ____. A. circle

may be made redundant and not be able to find (10) ___another__ job. It is also a good idea to pay some money into a pension scheme, which will help you to look after yourself and your

C. mysticism

D. descent

10. The passage would most likely be assigned reading in a course on ____.

2. Films festivals are (2) ___typically____ divided into categories like drama, documentary or animation. (typical) 3. A lot of toys encourage children's (3) ____imagination_____. (imagine)

A. nineteenth-century novels

B. American history

4. She has one of the biggest art (4) ____collection____ in Britain. (collect)

C. oceanography

D. modern American literature

5. According to some scientists the earth is losing its outer atmosphere because of (5)

D. WRITING

____pollution____. (pollute)

I. Give the correct form of the following verbs:

6. Don't worry. I'll be waiting for you at the (6) ____entrance____ to the pagoda. (enter)

a. When I (1) ___looked____ (look) at my suitcase, I could see that somebody (2) ___had

7. The old theater of our city is being enlarged and (7) ____modernized_____. (modern)

tried__ (try) to open it.

8. (8) ___Conservationists____ are alarmed by the rate at which tropical rainforests are being

b. The man at the corner table (3) ___glanced____ (glance) my way to see if I (4) ___was

destroyed. (conserve)

listening___ (listen).

9. The athletes take part in the World Cup tournament in the true spirit of (9)

c. It is recommended that he (5) _____take_____ (take) a gallon of water with him if he hikes to

___sportsmanship____. (sport)

the bottom of the Grand Canyon.

10. He doesn't want to stay behind his father's (10) _____fame_____. (famous)

d. While he (6) ___was learning___ (learn) to drive he (7) ___had___ (have) twenty five accidents.

VI. Complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the first sentence. Use

e. He wore the sunglasses (8) ___to avoid_____ (avoid) (9) ___being recognized____

the word given and other words to complete each sentence. He got down writing a letter as soon as he returned from his work.

(recognize)

→ No sooner _____had he returned from his work than he got down writing a

f. That proposal (10) _____is being considered____ (consider) by the members right now.

letter______

II. Fill in each blank with a suitable word.

What a pity they closed the shop at lunch time.

Please don't ask me that question.

We didn't find out about the meeting until he phoned us.

→ I wish ______they hadn’t closed the shop at lunch time_______

In these days of high unemployment, it is often difficult (1) ____for____ young people to find a job. If they are lucky (2) ____enough____ to be asked to go for an interview, they may

→ I'd rather ______you didn’t ask me that question_________

find (3) ___that___ there are at least twenty other applicants for the (4) ____job_____. If a company is thinking of offering (5) ___you___ a job, they will ask you for at least one reference from either your previous employer (6) ___or____ someone who know you well. (7) ___Before____ taking up your job, you may have to sign a contract. You will probably have to do some training, (8) ___which____ helps you to do the job more successfully. Once you have to decide that this is your chosen career, you will then have to work (9) ___hard___ to try and get promotion, which usually brings more responsibility and money! If you are unlucky, you

→ It was not _____until he phoned us that we found out about the meeting______ 5.

David went home before I arrived. → When I arrived, _____David had gone home______

6. Alice and Charles did not decide to move to a bigger house until after the birth of their second child.

places.

bigger house.

I do not mean to ban them but there should be an effective way to control this kind of entertainment

→ If it _____hadn’t been or my father’s money, we wouldn’t have managed_______

9. I/ not mean/ ban/ them/ but/ there/ should/ effective way control/ this kind/ entertainment

→ Only when their second child was born did Alice and Charlesdecided to move to a We didn't have managed without my father's money.

I hope the authority will take this matter into careful consideration.

places.

No one has tidied this room for 3 months.

10. I/ look/ see/ city council/ do/ this matter.

→ This ______room hasn’t tidied for 3 months_______

I am looking forward to seeing the city council ddoing this matter.

Although Judy was severely disabled, she participated in many sports.

Yours truly,

→ Despite ____being severely disabled/ her severe disability, Judy participated in

Thomas Cruise.

many sports ___ 10.

This will be the orchestra's first performance outside London. → This will be the first time _____the orchestra played/ performed outside London_____

UNIT 4. FOR A BETTER COMMUNITY - KEY PART 1: VOCABULARY AND GRAMMAR REVIEW

V. Using the prompts provided to write full sentences to make a complete letter:

A. VOCABULARY

Dear Sir/Madam,

annoying

(adj.)

gây khó chịu, phiền phức

1. I/ like/ express/ concern/ increasing/ number/ Karaoke bars/ city.

annoyed

(adj.)

khó chịu

I would like to express my concern about the increasing number of Karaoke bars in the city.

boring

(adj.)

chán ngắt, tẻ nhạt

bored

(adj.)

cảm thấy nhàm chán

2. There/ be/ lot/ reasons/ I/ object/ places.

dedicated

(adj.)

tận tụy

There are a lot of reasons that (why) I object to these/ those places.

hopeless

(adj.)

vô vọng

hopeful

(adj.)

lạc quan, tràn đầy hi vọng

Firstly, the owners take too much money from those who come to sing.

helpless

(adj.)

bất lực

4. Secondly, they/ cause/ much noise/ neighborhood.

helpful

(adj.)

hữu ích, nhiệt tình

meaningless

(adj.)

vô nghĩa

meaningful

(adj)

3. Firstly/ owners/ take/ much money/ those/ come/ sing.

Secondly, they cause/ are causing too much noise in the neighborhood. 5. Thirdly, there/ number/ pupils/ play truant/ just/ go/ those/ places/ sing.

có ý nghĩa

Thirdly, there are a number of pupils who play truant just to go to those places to sing.

charity organization (n. phr.)

tổ chức từ thiện

6. Last/ least/ these bars/ do harm/ appearance/ city/ because/ their/ ugly flashing lights.

charity work

công việc từ thiện

Last but not least, these bars do harm to the appearance of the city because of their ugly flashing lights.

community

(n.)

cộng đồng

develop

(n.)

phát triển

development

(n.)

sự phát triển

disadvantaged

(adj)

thiệt thòi, có hoàn cảnh khó khăn

donate

(v.)

quyên góp ủng hộ

7. I/ want/ say/ I/ not/ old fashioned/ person. I want to say I am not an old fashioned person. 8. I/ hope/ authority/ take/ matter/ careful consideration.

(n. phr)

donation

(n.)

sự quyên góp, khoản tiền quyên góp

Thì Quá khứ đơn và thì Quá khứ tiếp diễn

donor

(n.)

nhà tài trợ, người ủng hộ

1. Dạng thức của động từ

handicapped

(adj)

khuyết tật

a. Thì Quá khứ đơn Động từ to be

low-income

(adj.)

thu nhập thấp

needy

(adj.)

túng thiếu, nghèo

priority

(n.)

ưu tiên

volunteer

(n.)

tình nguyện viên

• was đi với các chủ ngữ số ít: I, He, She, It, ...

volunteer

(v.)

tình nguyện

• were đi với: You, We, They, và các chủ ngữ số nhiều khác.

volunteer work

(n. phr)

công việc tình nguyện

(n.)

quảng cáo

application

(n.)

sự xin việc, ứng tuyển

Trong đó:

benefit

(n.)

lợi ích

• Thêm "ed" nếu đó là động từ có quy tắc.

S + was / were + ... Trong đó:

Động từ thường S + V (past simple) + ...

childless people

(n. phr)

những người không có con

• Không thêm "ed" mà biến đổi khác nếu là động từ bất quy tắc.

concerned

(adj.)

quan tâm, lo lắng

MỘT SỐ ĐỘNG TỪ BẤT QUY TẮC THƯỜNG GẶP

direct the traffic

(v.)

hướng dẫn giao thông

become → became

go → went

experience

(n.)

kinh nghiệm

bring → brought

have → had

see → saw

facility

(n.)

cơ sở vật chất, trang thiết bị

buy → bought

make → made

teach → taught

interact

(v.)

tương tác, tiếp xúc

do → did

meet → met

wear → wore

job market

(n. phr)

thị trường lao động việc làm

read → read

write → wrote

get → got

martyr

(n.)

liệt sĩ

narrow-minded

(adj.)

hẹp hòi, nhỏ nhen

non-profit

(adj.)

passionate

(adj)

phi lợi nhuận đam mê, nồng nhiệt

position

(n.)

vị trí

reference

(n.)

thư giới thiệu

remote area

(n. phr)

vùng sâu vùng xa

running water

(n. phr)

nước máy

rural area

(n. phr)

vùng nông thôn

urgent

(adj.)

cấp bách, khẩn cấp

widen roads

(v)

mở rộng đường xá

Ex:

ring → rang

He visited some palaces. Cậu ấy đã đi thăm một số lâu đài. Động từ visit được thêm đuổi ed thành visited - dạng quá khứ đơn của động từ

visit. It began to rain. Trời đã bắt đầu mưa. Trong ví dụ này, động từ begin biến đổi thành began vì đây là động từ bất quy tắc. 2. Thì Quá khứ tiếp diễn S + was / were + V-ing + … Trong đó:

+ was đi với các chủ ngữ số ít: I, He, She, It, ...

Ex:

Andy was staying in Paris. Andy đang ở Paris.

+ were đi với: You, We, They, và các chủ ngữ số nhiều khác. Động từ stay chia thành was staying tương ứng với chủ ngữ số ít là Andy.

B. GRAMMAR

We were walking in the park. Chúng tôi đang đi bộ trong công viên.

I. PAST SIMPLE & PAST CONTINUOUS

Động từ walk chia thành were walking tương ứng với chủ ngữ số nhiều là We.

II. KHÁC BIỆT TRONG CÁC CÁCH SỬ DỤNG 1. Khác biệt 1

• Thì quá khứ tiếp diễn được dùng để diễn tả hành động đang xảy ra, thường là dài hơn, lâu hơn và được đi với while hoặc when.

• Thì quá khứ đơn dùng để diễn tả một hành động đã hoàn thành tại một thời điểm trong quá

• Thì quá khứ đơn diễn tả hành động xen vào và chỉ đi với when.

khứ.

LƯU Ý:

• Thì quá khứ tiếp diễn nhấn mạnh sự việc đang xảy ra tại một thời điểm trong quá khứ.

• Khi When hoặc While đứng đầu câu thì cần có dấu phẩy ngăn cách 2 mệnh đề.

Ex:

I did my homework at 4 p.m. yesterday.

• Khi when hoặc while đứng giữa 2 mệnh đề thì không cần dấu phẩy.

Tớ đã làm xong bài tập lúc 4h chiều hôm qua. - sự việc đã hoàn thành vào 4h

• Không dùng when và while trong cùng một câu.

chiều qua.

Ex:

I was doing my homework at 4 p.m. yesterday.

When the phone rang, we were having dinner. Khi điện thoại kêu, chúng tôi đang ăn tối.

Tớ đang làm bài tập vào lúc 4h chiều qua. -vẫn đang diễn ra, chưa hoàn thành

Trong ví dụ trên, the phone rang là việc xen vào nên chia ở quá khứ đơn và đi với When, còn we

vào 4h chiều qua.

were having dinner là việc đang xảy ra nên chia ở thì quá khứ tiếp diễn.

My parents got up at 5.30 a.m. yesterday.

Câu trên cũng có thể viết thành: The phone rang while we were having dinner.

Sáng hôm qua bố mẹ tớ dậy lúc 5h30. My sister and I were sleeping at 5.30 yesterday. Chị tớ và tớ vẫn đang ngủ lúc 5.30 sáng qua. 2. Khác biệt 2

Điện thoại kêu trong khi chúng tôi đang ăn tối. Trong câu này, we were having dinner chia ở thì quá khứ tiếp diễn, đi với while. Liên từ while đứng ở giữa câu nên không cần dấu phẩy.

• Thì quá khứ đơn: diễn tả một chuỗi các hành động trong quá khứ, hành động này xảy ra sau

When the teacher asked me a question, I wasn't listening.

hành động khác. Thường dùng kết hợp với các từ nối như and hay then.

Khi cô giáo hỏi tôi, tôi đang không chú ý lắng nghe.

• Thì quá khứ tiếp diễn: diễn tả các hành động xảy ra song song đồng thời. Thường sử dụng liên từ while, có nghĩa là trong khi. Ex:

We arrived at school while it was raining. (We arrived at school when it was raining.)

She came home, opened the window and turned on the TV.

Chúng tôi đến trường trong khi trời đang mưa. PART 2: EXERCISES

Cô ấy về nhà, mở cửa sổ và bật tivi. - một chuỗi các hành động diễn ra lần lượt. She was watching TV while her husband was cooking. Cô ấy đang xem tivi trong khi chồng cô ấy đang nấu cơm. - 2 hành động xảy ra cùng lúc

A. PHONETICS I. Choose the word that has the underlined part pronounced differently from the others'. 1. A. disadvantaged

B. handicapped

C. bored

D. annoyed

She came in the room and then looked around for a seat.

2. A. donation

B. priority

C. hopeless

D. low-income

Cô ấy vào phòng và sau đó tìm một ghế để ngồi.

3. A. development

B. dedicated

C. devoted

D. describe

He was playing a mobile game while the teacher was speaking.

4. A. development

B. improvement

C. documentary

D. environment

Cậu ấy đang chơi game trên điện thoại di động trong khi cô giáo đang giảng bài.

5. A. organisation

B. disadvantaged

C. meaningless

D. obvious

III. KẾT HỢP THÌ QUÁ KHỨ ĐƠN VÀ QUÁ KHỨ TIẾP DIỄN

II. Choose the word that has the underlined partpronounced differently from the others'.

Kết hợp thì quá khứ đơn và quá khứ tiếp diễn, sử dụng when hoặc while để diễn tả một hành động đang xảy ra thì hành động khác xen vào.

1. A. rural

B. surprise

C. successful

D. volunteer

2. A. application

B. benefit

C. non-profit

D. narrow-minded

3. A. reference

B. remote

C. reaction

D. creation

4. A. area

B. market

C. martyr

D. archaeology

5. A. development

B. demonstrate

C. dedicated

D. delicate

B. VOCABULARY AND GRAMMAR

2. I was coming home this morning when I was seeing Kate waitingat the bus stop. A

I. Choose the options that best fit the blanks.

1. Your music is very ____. Can't you just stop it? A. annoying

B. interesting

C. annoyed

D. bored

B. meaningless

C. helpless

B. hopeful

C. endless

B. volunteerism

C. volunteer

B. low-income

C. highly-income

B. needed

C. need-blind

B. disadvantaged

C. advantageous

B. donate

C. devote

D. needy D. disadvantageous

1. advertisement 2. benefit

D B

A. communicate with people when you spend time with them B. knowledge and skills gained through doing something

C D. dedicate

3. passionate

1. He is a ______boring____ person. I don't want to talk to him. 2. Her story is nonsense. It seems ______meaningless______ to me.

5. interact

3. Quality education should be a top _____priority_____ in developing countries. 4. We received a ____donation____ of 50 million VND from an anonymous donor yesterday. 5. She is ____dedicated_____ to her job at the charity centre. She spends most of her free time there. 6. Do you feel ____hopeful____ about the result? - Yes, I think I performed well at the interview.

4. experience

IV. Match each word with its correct meaning.

dedication, boredom, donate

8. We played some games, teaching the disadvantaged children and gave clothes to them.

1. It was rainingso heavily while we arrived at the beach.

C B

II. Fill the blanks with the correct forms of the words given: prioritize, meaning, hope,

III. Choose the underlined part that needs correcting.

D. high-income

8. You can ____ books, clothes, medicine and money to this charity. A. donor

6. While Hung arrivedat the airport, his family and close friends were waiting for him.

D. volunteering

7. This charity provides financial support and mental comfort to ____ children. A. advantaged

7. Actually, during I came to see you this morning, I just wanted you to help me.

6. The local government provides financial support to the children of ____ parents. A. needful

D. excited

5. Life is sometimes very harsh for ____ families in big cities. A. lowly-income

B A

D. interested

4. She wishes she could do some _____ work this summer. A. voluntarily

5. While we talked, someone in the same room was recording our conversation.

3. Some of the students were ____ at English, so volunteer teachers had to try very hard. A. hopeless

4. He putted the letter on the table and then he got out to take a taxi.

2. If you can do something to help others, you will find your life ____. A. meaningful

3. When he was calling me, I was doingthe cooking for dinner.

C. a helpful and useful effect D. having strong enthusiasm for something E. something that tells people about a film, a job or a service.

A V. Choose the options that best fit the blanks. 1. Volunteer work helps young people know their strong and weak points before they enter the ____. A. job world

B. professional market

C. job market

D. position

market 2. If we ____ the roads in this area, the economy can develop. A. stretch

B. increase

C. widen

3. She has a lot of ____ in this field, so she was offered the job.

D. restrict

A. contact

B. involvement

C. maturity

D. experience

4. Taking care of the needs of the old, the sick and the homeless is our ____. A. top priority

B. top preference

C. utmost importance

A. was living

D. chief

A. When

C. had lived

D. has lived

B. While

C. During

D. Both A & B are

correct.

priority 5. Local people in this neighborhood have been supplied with ____ for five years now. A. pipes

B. lived

10. ____ my mother and I were cooking in the kitchen, John came in and broke the dish.

B. river water

C. running water

VII. Choose the correct forms of the verbs. Nelson Mandela (1918 – 2013) was born to a poor family in a small village in South

D. rainwater

6. Mary wrote a letter of ____ to Microsoft yesterday after seeing their advertisement in the

Africa. As the first child in the family to go to school, he _____showed_____ (1. show) an

morning.

interest in political issues and was forced to leave his first university for protesting.

A. position

B. appliance

C. employment

7. Building necessary ____ such as hospitals, schools and parks is important. A. facilities

B. services

C. equipment

D. utensils

8. My sister is writing a letter to apply for the ____ of an English teacher at the center. A. vacancy correct.

B. position

C. place

D. Both A & B are

other. Black people had to live in rural areas and farm on infertile lands. Witnessing all those injustices, Mandela ___joined___ (2. join) a group and ______fought_____ (3. fight) against the government. However, the ruling government ____arrested____ (4. arrest) him in 1962 and ___put___ (5. put) him into prison for the next 27 years. When he was in prison, he ____began____ (6. begin) to find out more about his struggles for democracy and justice. Released in 1990, Mandela ____kept___ (7. keep) fighting against the ruling government and black people in the world already ____considered_____ (8. consider) him their hero.

VI. Choose the options that best fit the blanks. 1. What ____ in Paris in 2004? A. did you do

At that time, as a result of apartheid, black and white people were separated from each

D. application

Eventually, his struggles ____got____ (9. got) successful results as they put an end to apartheid.

B. were you doing

C. you did

D. were you

2. I ____ in the queue when I ____ that I had lost my wallet.

Nelson Mandela _____became_____ (10. become) the first democratically elected president of South Africa.

A. was standing - was realizing

B. stood - was realizing

VIII. Determine whether the following sentences are Corrector Incorrect.

C. was standing - realized

D. stood - realized

1. I was going out for a walk when I came across an old friend. Corrector

3. What ____ _when you injured your finger? - I was playing volleyball. A. did you do

B. were you

C. you did

D. were you doing

2. My brother was playing video games, when my father suddenly came in. Incorrect

4. This time last week, we ____ for the exam. It was so hot in the examination room. A. would have been sitting

B. had been sitting

C. sat

D. were sitting

3. I finished my homework and then I went to my friend's house. Corrector

5. When I first saw Miriam, I ____ her to come in for tea and we talked for nearly two hours. A. invited

B. invite

C. have invited

D. was inviting

Corrector

6. The girls were chatting ____ the boys were playing games. A. when

B. while

C. during

4. While my mother was watching her favourite Indian film, my father was reading a newspaper.

D. at the same time

5. John was hurting his ankle while we were playing tennis. Incorrect

7. While the teacher was explaining to the whole class, she ____ carefully. A. didn't listen

B. wasn't listening

C. had listened

D. wasn't listened

8. We arrived at the hotel quite early, ____ in and had lunch. A. checking

B. checked

C. was checking

9. She ____ in Provence, France for two years when she was a student.

D. to check

6. They were active in community service when they were young. Corrector IX. Fill the blanks with the correct forms of the verbs given: buy, walk, meet, teach, promise, sleep

1. My father _______bought______ me this T-shirt on his trip to Nha Trang last summer. 2. He _____promised______ me to come back early and then he wore his boots and went in the

C: My main duty was to provide financial advice for poor households in Kenya. I had to adapt myself immediately to the new weather, new people and new food there. Fortunately, my

rain.

host family was the most selfless and encouraging people I'd ever known. I lived with three other

3. We _____were walking_______ on the beach when it started to rain.

volunteers, and the host family considered us as their daughters. I loved dinner time when all the

4. The twins were whispering about their toys while their parents _____were sleeping______.

family members gathered together and told jokes. Sometimes, I helped the children in the family with their homework. I feel so blessed I've known them in my life.

5. My sister ______was teaching______ me English when we noticed someone enter our house. 6. We _______met_________ Jack and Rosy on our way home from school yesterday. X. Give the correct forms (Past Simple or Past Continuous) of the verbs given in the

1. _____C_____ mentioned a specific time of the day he/she enjoyed the most 2. ___A____ only worked with children

brackets.

3. ___A_____ told the specific time he/she did volunteer work

1. Susan ____was studying_______ (study) in her room when she heard the noise.

4. ____C_____ helped people with problems related to money

2. What _____were they doing_______ (they, do) at eleven p.m. last night - it was so noisy?

5. ____B_____ wished to go to other African countries

3. After going to the library, I _____met_______ (meet) Jane and we went out for some coffee.

6. ____A_____ his/her work was closely related to other volunteers'

4. I was eight years old when my elder sister _____taught_____ (teach) me how to ride a bike.

7. ____B______ work worked with different groups of people

5. John _______did not go_______ (not go) to school last week because he was ill.

8. ____B_____ felt that he/she was very helpful

6. I didn't know anything about the plane crash in my neighborhood because I ____was working____ (work) inside at that time.

9. ____C_____ adapted himself/ herself quickly to a new environment 10. ____A____ taught children how to keep their bodies clean

7. My mother ______gave_____ (give) me ten dollars and asked me to go to the supermarket.

11. ____C_____ feel very lucky because of knowing some people

8. The children _____were playing_____ (play) in the living room when they broke the vase.

12. ____C_____ helped someone with their homework

9. I ____bought______ (buy) this coat in 2009, but it is still fashionable.

13. ____B______ mentioned training before his/her trip

10. My grandmother was making breakfast while my grandfather ____was doing____ (do) the gardening.

14. _____B______ accepted that his/her volunteer work is demanding

C. READING

II. Choose the best answer to fill in the blank.

15. _____C______ stayed with other volunteers in a same family THE LOST PROPERTY OFFICE

I. Read the passage and write A, B, or C. A: I spent the month of November 2015 volunteering in South Africa. For the first two weeks, I worked with 2 to 4 kids in grades 1 and 2 on Maths and literacy skills. I guided them

Recently I read a magazine article about the things that people lose ____ (1) they travel

and measured their progress so that other volunteers could take on my work after I left. For the

on the London Underground. I couldn't believe it at first. ____ (2) you are a violinist, and when you ____ (3) off at your station, you leave your violin on the train. It seems strange that nobody

last two weeks, I instructed the small kids to do personal hygiene and make toys. I had a lot of

says, "____ (4) me, but I think you've forgotten something". I suppose the violinist ____ (5) have

fun working with them.

been thinking of someone else, and there might ____ (6) have been any other passengers on the

B: Working with people living with HIV/AIDS is always emotionally and technically demanding. Before my volunteer trip to Ghana, I got training about HIV/AIDS. I worked with

train. Still, why didn't the violinist ____ (7) to the lost property office? All the lost property on the underground system ____ (8) to be sent to this office, so if you lose anything you can easily

different groups of people. It was very emotional when I visited and played with children with HIV/AIDS in orphanages. I also visited schools, universities and households to give

get it ____ (9). In this case, the violinist must have ____ (10) very absent-minded. Perhaps he or

presentations and leaflets about HIV/AIDS. I had never felt

1. A. during

B. when

C. since

D. after

so helpful before. I can't wait for my next trips to other African countries.

2. A. Suppose

B. If

C. While

D. Sometimes

she didn't have to play the violin ever again after this journey.

3. A. go

B. step

C. get

D. walk

4. A. Help

B. It's

C. Excuse

D. Sorry

C. It's the first time that I've been to France. France.

D. It's the first time that I was to

5. A. should

B. might

C. who

D. to

6. It's a pity that you didn't tell us about this.

6. A. not

B. often

C. then

D. so

A. I wish you told us about this.

B. I wish you had told us about this.

C. I wish you would tell us about this.

D. I wish you have told us about this.

7. A. tell

B. find

C. visit

D. go

8. A. has

B. must

C. needs

D. should

9. A. again

B. back

C. return

D. too

A. He's having the windows to mend.

B. He's having to mend the windows.

10. A. felt

B. had

C. been

D. because

C. He's having to be mended the windows.

D. He's having the windows mended.

III. Choose the sentence which is closest in meaning with the given one. 1. It took her two hours to do housework yesterday. A. She spent two hours to doing housework yesterday. B. It took her two hours doing housework yesterday.

7. He's getting them to mend the windows.

8. It started to rain at 2 o'clock and it is still raining. A. It has been raining at 2 o'clock.

B. It has been raining since 2 o'clock.

C. It has been raining for 2 o'clock.

D. It has been raining in 2 o'clock.

9. They made her hand over her passport.

C. She spent two hours doing housework yesterday.

A. She was made to hand over her passport.

D. Do housework yesterday took him two hours.

B. She was made hand over her passport. C. She was handed over to make her passport.

2. The weather is very cold, so they can't go swimming. A. The weather is so cold that they can't go swimming. B. The weather isn't cold enough for them to go swimming. C. The weather is too cold for them going swimming. D. It is so a cold weather that they can't go swimming. 3. My friend is living in Moscow. I received this letter from him. A. My friend, whom I received this letter, is living in Moscow. B. My friend, from whom I received this letter, is living in Moscow. C. My friend whom I received this letter from is living in Moscow. D. My friend, that I received this letter, is living in Moscow.

A. It was such a sweet cake that I couldn't eat it. couldn't eat it.

B. It was so sweet cake that I

C. The cake was too sweet that I couldn't eat it. couldn't eat it.

D. The cake was very sweet that I

11. My brother and I went to that school. A. I went to that school and my brother, too.

A. The children were being seen to play football in the street. B. The children were seen to playing football in the street. C. The children were seen play football in the street. D. The children were seen to play football in the street. 5. I have never been to France before. B. It's the first time that I went to

B. I went to that school and so my

brother did. C. I went to that school and so did my brother.

4. They saw the children play football in the street.

A. It's the first time that I've gone to France. France.

D. She was handed over for her passport to make. 10. I tried to eat the cake, but it was too sweet.

D. I went to that school and so my

brother did, too. 12. She said to us: "Don't be late again." A. She said to us not to be late again.

B. She told us to be not late again.

C. She told to us not to be late again.

D. She told us not to be late again.

13. I often get up early in the morning. A. I am used to getting up early in the morning. morning.

B. I am used to get up early in the

C. I used to get up early in the morning. morning.

D. I used to getting up early in the

II. Rewrite the following sentences without changing their meaning, using the given words. 1.

If they had left earlier, they wouldn't have missed the train. Had ______they left earlier, they wouldn't have missed the train _______

14. Getting a good job doesn't interest him. A. He isn't good at getting an interesting job. good job.

B. He isn't interested in getting a

My mother is making a cake for my birthday.

C. He is only interested in getting a good job.

D. Even a good job isn't suitable to

"Don't be afraid," he said to his daughter.

I have never been late for work before.

A cake _____is being made for my birthday by my mother_____

him. 15. The garden is too small to play football in.

He told _____his daughter not to be afraid_____

A. The garden is so small not to play football in. B. The garden is small enough to play football in.

Never before _____have I been late for work______ 5.

It's so cold. I don't like it at all.

Our company spent thousands of dollars upgrading our computer systems.

C. The garden isn't big enough to play football in. D. The garden is such small that they can't play football in.

I wish _______it wasn’t so cold_______

D. WRITING

It took _______our company thousands of dollars to upgrade our computer systems

I. Writing an application letter for volunteer work

______

1000 Lang Street

Dong Da, Hanoi 20 Judy, 2017

Are you ______aware of what he means________ 8.

Director Heart to Heart Charity Office

I saw your advertisement on Facebook on Judy 19th, I am writing to apply for the

She can't sleep at night because she has a backache. Because of ______her backache, she can't sleep at night ________

18 Bao Loc Street, Hanoi Dear Sir or Madam,

Do you understand what he means?

I prefer you not to tell anyone about this. I'd rather you _____didn’t tell anyone about this______

10.

No sooner had I entered the room than the light went out. Hardly ______had I entered the room when the light went out________

job of a volunteer at your Heart to Heart Charity Office. I have experience in doing office work. Last semester, I had a chance to volunteer at Kim Lien School as a front office staff. My main duties were to welcome guests and donors. I am reliable, active, hard-working and good at communication. If necessary, I can send you a reference from my teacher and a copy of my volunteer certificate.

PART 3: TEST YOURSELF A. PHONETICS I. Choose the word whose underlined part is pronounced differently from the others in each group. 1. A. returned

B. cursed

C. started

D. learned

2. A. construction

B. physical

C. industry

D. satisfy

3. A. recent

B. receive

C. faucet

D. efficient

I am looking forward to hearing from you.

4. A. eruption

B. tradition

C. suggestion

D. addition

Yours faithfully,

5. A. beard

B. search

C. pearl

D. heard

I am available for an interview any day from eight a.m. to four p.m., except Sunday. If I am selected as a volunteer at your Office, I can start working from June 24 or earlier if required.

Nguyen Minh Tien

II. Choose the word whose main stress is placed differently from the others in each group. 1. A. communicate

B. effectively

C. efficiency

D. innovation

2. A. occasional

B. industrial

C. information

D. variety

3. A. plentiful

B. adequate

C. relative

D. excellent

4. A. distinguish

B. compliment

C. slavery

D. natural

5. A. compost

B. migrant

C. typhoon

D. electric

B. VOCABULARY AND GRAMMAR

A. dress

B. acting

C. welcome

D. remarks

14. Thieves made ____ over twenty thousand pounds. A. off with

B. off

C. up

D. up with

15. The children ____ to the zoo. A. were enjoyed taken enjoyed taking

B. were enjoyed taking

C. enjoyed being taken

I. Choose the best answer from the four options marked A, B, C or D to complete each sentence below.

II. Choose the underlined words or phrases (A, B, C or D) that are incorrect in standard

1. You have never been to England, ____ you?

English.

A. haven't

B. have

C. never

D. ever

A. working hard

B. hardly

1. It took me so many time to learn that lesson three months ago. A

2. Many students go there on weekends to have a rest after a week.

B. getting off B. However

2. My father has retiredsince three years and he is now living on his pension.

C. taking off

D. going off

3. Mrs. Brown's childrenare used to be picked up after school everyday.

D. Therefore

4. My father asked us not to spend too much timeplay computer games.

D. effectively

5. They played so good gameof tennis last night that they surprised their audience.

D. Did she use

III. Give the correct form of the words in CAPITAL to complete the sentences.

C. And

B. affection

C. effect

B. Was she used

C. Is she used

A. who

B. which

C. that

D. whom

B. saving

C. save

D. to saving

9. Analysts suggested the country ____ its infrastructure to get foreign investment. A. improve

B. to improve

C. improves

D. improving

B. shrunk

C. shrunken

D. shrinking

11. The controversial film was nominated ____ eight Academy Awards. A. of

B. about

C. with

D. for

12. Union members ____ the privatization of the country's airports. A. replied

B. annoyed

C. protested

D C

1. These ____innovations_____ will conserve the earth. INNOVATE ECONOMIC 3. A list of _____forthcoming_____ events for the autumn is being prepared.

COME

4. The _____destruction_____ of forests has brought about serious floods recently. DESTROY

10. The report showed the U.S. trade deficit ____ in February A. shrink

D C

2. We should be more ______economical_____ with our electricity.

8. Energy-saving bulbs should be used ____ electricity. A. to save

C B

7. The lion - tamer and his lion ____ we saw on the stage came from Moscow.

6. ____ to have a lunch at 12 o’clock every day? A. Did she used

5. Scientists are looking for an ____ way to reduce energy consumption. A. effective

D. worked

4. Mary's eyes are weak. ____, she has to wear glasses. A. But

C. hard working

3. Ba dropped his watch when he was ____ the bus. A. turning off

D. identified

13. The advertising executive resigned over his inappropriate ____ made at a conference.

5. My neighbors are very kind. They are ___supportive___ to me during my parents' absence. SUPPORT IV. Give the correct form of the verbs to complete the passage. Last week I was walking home after playing tennis when it started raining very heavily. “Oh no, I will get soaked before I reach home”, I thought. I wish I (1) ____had remembered____ (remember) to bring my raincoat. But unfortunately I had left it at home. How

stupid of me! I always forget to bring it with me. Luckily just then a friend of mine passed in her car and offered me a lift.

C. increases in the number of new factories

“Are you going home? Or do you want to go for a drink?" she asked. “I think Id rather you (2) ___took___ (take) me home,” I said. “If I don't change my clothes, I know I (3) ___will fall__ (fall) ill, and then I won't be able to play in the tennis tournament next week. And I (4) ___have been practicing____ (practice) hard for the last month” “I will wait for you to change if you like” she told me. “I think it's time you (5) ___relaxed____ (relax) for a change. You have been worrying too much, which makes you fall ill more easily. It's got nothing to do with the rain!"

D. growth of cities

2. The phrase "served as” is closest meaning to ____. A. differed from

B. functioned as

C. rested upon

D. reacted to

C. wick

D. oil

3. The word “this” refers to ____. A. lard

B. charcoal

4. Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a disadvantage of camphene? A. high cost

B. bad smell

C. potential to explode

D. greasy

texture 5. What can be inferred about the illuminating gas described in the paragraph?

C. READING

A. It was first developed in the United States.

I. Choose the best options A, B, C or D to answer the following questions.

B. It was not allowed to be used in public buildings.

The growth of cities, the construction of hundreds of new factories, and the spread of

C. It was not widely available until mid-century.

railroads in the United Stases before 1850 had increased the need for better illumination. But the

D. It had an unpleasant smell.

lighting in American homes had improved very little over that of ancient times. Through the colonial period, homes were lit with tallow candles or with a lamp of the kind used in ancient

6. The word “resembled” is closest in meaning to ____.

Rome- a dish of fish oil or other animal or vegetable oil in which a twisted rag served as a wick. Some people used lard, but they had to heat charcoal underneath to keep it soft and burnable.

The sperm whale provided superior burning oil, but this was expensive. In 1830 a new substance

7. According to the passage, what advantage did the kerosene patented by Gesner have over

called “camphene” was patented, and it proved to be an remained expensive, had an unpleasant

camphene?

odor, and also was dangerously explosive. Between 1830 and 1850 it seemed that the only hope for cheaper illumination in the United States was the wider use of gas. In the 1840s American gas manufacturers adopted improved British techniques for producing illuminating gas from coal. But the expense of piping gas to the consumer remained so high that until mid-century gas lighting was feasible only in urban areas, and only for public buildings for the wealthy. In 1854 a Canadian doctor, Abraham Gesner, patented a process for distilling a pitch like mineral found in New Brunswick and Nova Scotia that produced illuminating gas and an oil that he called “kerosene” (from “keros”, the Greek word for wax, and “ene” because it resembled camphene). Kerosene, though cheaper than camphene, had an unpleasant odor, and Gesner never made his fortune from it. But Gesner had

A. was similar to

B. cost the same as

C. was made from

D. sounded

A. Kerosene had a more pleasant smell.

B. Kerosene was less expensive.

C. Kerosene burned more brightly.

D. Kerosene was safer to use.

8. The word “it” refers to ____. A. fortune

B. odor

C. camphene

D. kerosene

9. Which of the following best describes the organization of the passage? A. a description of events in chronological order B. a comparison of two events C. an analysis of scientific findings D. the statement of a theory and possible explanations

aroused a new hope for making illuminating oil from a product coming out of North American

II. Arrange these sentences of a review in the correct order.

mines.

A. He writes a letter to the company accepting the job and gives it to his son, Bobby, to post.

1. Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a reason why better lighting had become

B. My award goes to young Justin Time, who plays Bobby.

necessary by the mid-nineteenth century? A. development of railroads facilities

C. Bob isn't too pleased, because he'd rather play football with his friends, but he sets off on the B. demand for better medical

long walk to the post office.

D. play,

6. A. preserve

B. conserve

C. revive

7. A. greed

B. interest

C. care

D. concern

The Letter,

8. A. from

B. by

C. for

D. with

at the Lexford Playhouse.

Local playwright Hanna has given her hometown a chance to see her most successful

D. survive

9. A. feet

B. paws

C. claws

D. toes

E. The Letter is on for just one more week, so don't miss it.

10. A. for

B. at

C. from

D. to

F. The story is set in the 1930

D. WRITING

G. Unaware of its importance, Bobby gives them the letter and runs off happily to play football. H. The play is excellent, and the lighting, scenery, and sound effects are all very good. The cast

Rewrite the following sentences using the words in bold, in such a way that it means the same as the one given. Do not alter these words in any way.

perform it brilliantly.

“Please don't smoke in the house." she said to us. (to)

believe me, you won't regret it.

They're telling me that I must make a decision soon. (pressure)

J. John Barlow, who has been out of work for several months, is offered a job by a large engineering firm.

→ She told ____us not to smoke in the house_______

I. If you want to know what happens next, you'll have to go and see the play for yourself, but

→ They are _____putting pressure on me to make a decision soon_______ I only found out the truth because I heard the two of them talking. (found)

K. On the way he meets two older boys who offer to post the letter for him.

→ If I ______hadn’t heard the two of them talking, I wouldn’t have found out the

1. ___F___

2. __J___

3. ___A___

4. ___C__

5. ___K___

truth________

6. ___G___

7. __I__

8. ___H___

9. ___B__

10. ___E___

III. Read the following passage and decide which option A, B, C, D best fits each space. SAVE MONEY ON THE BOOK THAT AIMS TO SAVE ANIMALS Do you want to take part in the battle to save the world's wildlife? Animal Watch is the book which will (1) ____ you in the fight for survival that (2) ____ many of our endangered animals and show how they struggle on the (3) ____ of extinction.

I bought myself some good new clothes. I need them for my new job. (which) → I bought myself ______some good new clothes which I need for my new job_______

I'm trying to concentrate, but all that noise you're making is distracting me. (putting) → I'm trying to concentrate, but all that noise ___you’re making is putting me off_____

As you enjoy the book's 250 pages and over 150 color photographs, you will have the (4) ____ of knowing that part of your purchase money is being used to (5) ____ animals (6) ____

Unit 5. INVENTIONS - KEY

from the comfort of your armchair, you will be able to observe the world's animals close-up and

PART 1: VOCABULARY AND GRAMMAR REVIEW

explore their habitats. You will also discover the terrible results of human (7) ____ for land, flesh and skins.

I. VOCABULARY

Animal Watch is packed with fascinating facts. Did you know that polar bears cover their

3-D printer

(n. phr.):

black noses (8) ____ their (9) ____ so they can hunt their prey in the snow without being seen,

bulky

(adj.):

cồng kềnh

for example? Or that (10) ____ each orangutan which is captured, one has to die?

collapse

(v.):

sụp đổ, hỏng

1. A. combine

D. lead

correction pen

(n.):

bút xóa

(n.):

thiết bị

B. involve

C. bring

máy in 3D

2. A. meets

B. opposes

C. forces

D. faces

device

3. A. edge

B. start

C. limit

D. end

digital camera

(n. phr.):

máy ảnh kĩ thuật số

4. A. virtue

B. enjoyment

C. satisfaction

D. value

drawback

(n.):

khuyết điểm

5. A. enable

B. help

C. allow

D. assist

earbuds

(n.):

tai nghe nhỏ có thể nhét vào tai

e-book reader

(n. phr):

thiết bị đọc sách điện tử

economical

(adj.):

tiết kiệm, đáng giá đồng tiền

fabric

(n.):

vải

Động từ “be” S + have / has + been +... Ex:

She has been sick since Sunday,

food processor

(n.):

máy xay đa năng

Cô ấy bị ốm từ hồn Chủ nhật.

good-for-nothing

(adj.):

vô dụng

We've been friends for ten years.

handheld

(n.):

thiết bị cầm tay

Chúng tôi lành bại được 10 năm rồi.

headphones

(n.):

tai nghe (úp vào tai)

imitate

(v.):

bắt chước, sao chép

inspiration

(n.):

cảm hứng

inspire

(v.):

truyền cảm hứng

Tiền của tôi bị mất rồi.

invention

(n):

phát minh

I have read this book three times.

laptop

(n.):

máy tính xách tay

Tớ đã đọc sách này 3 lần rồi.

Động từ thường S + have / has + Vp.p. + … Ex:

My money has been stolen. (Câu bị động)

b. Dạng phủ định

patent

(n.):

bằng sáng chế

portable

(adj.)

cầm tay, để mang theo

runaway

(adj.):

tự đi chuyển, không kiếm soát được

self-cleaning

(adj.):

tự làm sạch

smartphone

(n.):

điện thoại thông minh

Mẹ tớ vẫn chưa về.

Động từ "be" S + have not (haven't) / has not (hasn't) + been + ... Ex:

My mother hasn't been back yet.

social networking site (n. phr.):

mạng xã hội

Laura and Peter haven't been in touch for years.

solar charger

(n. phr):

sạc năng lượng mặt trời

Lâu rồi Laura và Peter không liên lạc.

speakers

(n.):

loa

submarine

(n.):

tàu ngầm

Động từ thường S+ have not (haven't) / has not (hasn't) + Vp.p. + ...

vaccination

(n.):

tiêm phòng vắc-xin

vacuum cleaner

(n.):

máy hút bụi

Ex:

Cô ấy vẫn chưa gọi cho tớ.

versatile

(adj.):

đa năng, nhiều công dụng

We haven't seen Jack since 2015.

B. GRAMMAR I. THÌ HIỆN TẠI HOÀN THÀNH (PRESENT PERFECT)

She hasn't called me yet.

Chúng tôi chưa gặp Jack kể từ năm 2015. c. Dạng nghi vấn

1. Dạng thức của động từ

Động từ "be"

Lưu ý

Hỏi: Have / Has + S + been + ...?

I/ You/ We/ They/ Danh từ số nhiều: have (có thể viết rút gọn thành ‘ve)

He/She/ I/ Danh từ số ít/ Danh từ không đếm được: has (có thể viết rút gọn thành 's) Vp.p. trong bài này là quá khứ phân tử của động từ.

a. Dạng khẳng định

Trả lời: Yes, S have/ has. No, S haven't/ hasn't. Ex:

Has she been well yet? Cô ấy đã khỏe chưa?

Yes, she has.

Have you ever been to Paris?

Cô ấy khỏe rồi.

Bạn đã tới Paris chưa?

Động từ thường

2. never (chưa từng) Have/Has + S + Vp.p. + ...

- Dùng trong câu khẳng định nhưng mang nghĩa phủ định, đứng sau trợ động từ và trước động từ

Trả lời: Yes, S have/ has.

chính

No, Shaven't/ hasn't. Ex:

Ex:

I have never been to Paris. Tớ chưa bao giờ đến Paris.

Have you repaired my laptop yet? Cậu sửa máy tính của tớ chưa?

3. already (đã, rồi)

No, I haven't.

- Dùng trong câu khẳng định, sau trợ động từ và trước động từ chính

Tớ vẫn chưa sửa.

Ex:

II. CÁC CÁCH DÙNG CỦA HIỆN TẠI HOÀN THÀNH

I have already been to Paris. Tớ đã đến Paris rồi.

1. Diễn tả một sự việc đã xảy ra và kết thúc tại một thời điểm trong quá khứ nhưng kết quả

4. yet (chưa)

vẫn còn ở hiện tại

- Dùng ở cuối câu nghi vấn và phủ định

Ex:

My mom has tidied up my room. It looks neat now.

Ex:

Mẹ tôi vừa mới dọn phòng của tôi. Bây giờ trông nó rất gọn gàng.

Tớ vẫn chưa tới Paris.

I have finished my homework. I feel really tired now.

Have you been to Paris yet? Bạn đã tới Paris chưa?

Tớ vừa hoàn thành xong bài tập về nhà. Bây giờ tớ thực sự cảm thấy rất mệt mỏi. 2. Diễn tả một sự việc đã xảy ra và vẫn còn tiếp diễn ở hiện tại Ex:

We have lived in this house for 10 years.

4. since + mốc thời gian/ thời điểm bắt đầu (kể từ khi ) Ex:

Chúng tôi đã sống ở ngôi nhà này được 10 năm rồi. Mr. and Mrs. Smith have been married since last year. Cô chú Smith đã là vợ chồng kể từ năm ngoái. I have watched this movie several times. Tớ đã xem bộ phim này được mấy lần rồi.

5. for + khoảng thời gian được bao lâu rồi) Ex:

I have known Sam for three years. Tôi đã biết Sam được ba năm rồi.

III. DANH ĐỘNG TỪ VÀ ĐỘNG TỪ NGUYÊN THỂ CÓ "TO" MIÊU TẢ CHỨC NĂNG GERUND & TO-INFINITIVES FOR DESCRIPTION

I have been to Paris twice.

1. Danh động từ

Tôi đã đến Paris hai lần rồi.

a. Danh động từ

II. CÁC TRẠNG TỪ PHỔ BIẾN TRONG THÌ HIỆN TẠI HOÀN THÀNH 1. ever (đã, từng) - Dùng trong câu khẳng định và nghi vấn, sau trợ động từ và trước động từ chính Ex:

I have known Sam since 2010. Tớ biết Sam kể từ năm 2010.

3. Diễn tả một sự việc đã xảy ra được bao nhiêu lần rồi tính đến thời điểm hiện tại. Ex:

I haven't been to Paris yet.

Danh động từ là động từ được thêm đuôi ing và giữ vai trò như một danh từ trong câu. Ex:

Using an e-book reader is easy. Việc sử dụng thiết bị đọc sách điện tử rất dễ dàng.

This is the first time I have ever been to Paris.

Trong câu trên, Using là một danh động từ.

Đây là lần đầu tiên tớ tới Paris.

A washing machine is used for making clothes clean.

Something is used to V

Máy giặt được dùng cho việc làm sạch quần áo. Trong câu này, making là một danh động từ. Tuy nhiên, không phải tất cả các động từ thêm đuổi ing đều là danh động từ. Ex:

Cả 2 cấu trúc này cũng mang nghĩa: sử dụng cái gì để làm gì.

He is playing a new mobile game.

Ex:

We use an electric cooker to cook rice.

Cậu ấy đang chơi một trò chơi mới.

An electric cooker is used to cook rice.

Trong câu này, playing được kết hợp với is, tạo thành dạng thức tiếp diễn của

Nồi cơm điện dùng để nấu cơm.

động từ play,

PART 2: EXERCISES A. PHONETICS

không phải một danh động từ. b. Động từ nguyên thể có "to"

I. The following noun groups and compound nouns have 2 parts. Find the word with a

Động từ nguyên thể có to là động từ nguyên thể được thêm to ở trước nó.

stress pattern DIFFERENT from the others.

Ex:

You can use a laptop to work.

1 A. email

B. tallboy

C. website

Bạn có thể sử dụng laptop để làm việc.

2 A. soft ware

B. national anthem

C. city life

D. online game D. video game

Trong câu này, to work là động từ nguyên thể có to.

3. A. traffic jam

B. alarm dock

C. white house

D. White House

A fridge is used to keep food fresh.

4. A. laptop

B. pencil case

C. software

D. gold brick

Tủ lạnh được dùng để giữ đồ ăn tươi ngon.

5. A. traditional dress B. Commonwealth

C. underworld

D. e-book

Trong câu này, to keep là một động từ nguyên thể có to.

B. VOCABULARY AND GRAMMAR

2. Danh động từ và Động từ nguyên thể có “to” miêu tả chức năng của vật

I. Choose the word / phrase CLOSEST in meaning to the underlined part.

Khi muốn miêu tả chức năng, mục đích của vật gì đó, các em có thể dùng cấu trúc với danh động từ và động từ nguyên thể.

1. I want to buy a printer but I'm afraid it's bulky.

a. Với gerund (danh động từ)

heavy use something for +V-ing

A. small

A. cost-effective

Ex:

We use an electric cooker for cooking rice An electric cooker is used for cooking rice, Nồi cơm điện dùng để nấu cơm.

b. Với to-infinitive (động từ nguyên thể có “to”) Các em có thể sử dụng 1 trong 2 công thức sau: use something to V Hoặc

D. big and

B. expensive

C. insensitive

D. wasteful

3. You should store your data on Dropbox in case your computer collapses. A. breaks down

Cả 2 cấu trúc này đều mang nghĩa sử dụng cái gì để làm gì.

C. expensive

2. It's more economical to buy this car than that jet ski.

Hoặc Something is used for + V-ing

B. inconvenient

B. destroys

C. runs out of power

D. contains

viruses 4. This technology has some drawbacks that need improving. A. benefits

B. disadvantages

C. strong points

D. qualities

5. The Ig Nobel prize is awarded to good-for-nothing inventions. A. useless

B. helpful

C. practical

D. applicable

6. This device imitates the movements of the mockingbirds. A. inspires

B. steals

II. Complete the sentences using the given words.

C. mimics

D. contrasts

correction pen

e-book reader

handheld

digital camera

economical

earbuds

1. If you have an ___ e-book reader ____, you don't have to bring all those heavy books in your

A. have

B. had

C. is having

least four.

bag.

A. read

B. have read

C. was reading

2. Can I use a _____ correction pen ______ to cover errors in my writing?

read

3. A normal printer is more ______ economical _____ than a 3-D printer.

3. People's lives ____ a lot thanks to the inventions of these devices.

4. You should use this pair of _______ earbuds ________, others won't be able to hear it.

A. was changed

5. A ______ digital camera _________ allows us to view and edit photos easily.

changed

B. has been changed

C. have changed

D. used to

D. is

4. She ____ volleyball at high school but she didn’t like it.

6. Don't worry. This is a _____ handheld _____, so it's quite small and light.

A. has played

III. Complete the sentences using the given words. inventions

patent

inspired

portable

social networking site

vacuum cleaner

solar charger

versatile

1. A _____ solar charger _______ takes its energy from the sun. 2. A ______ vacuum cleaner _________ helps save a lot of energy doing housework. 3. Egg is a ________ versatile _______ food. You can boil, fry or make egg soup.

B. played

C. was playing

D. has been

C. used to

D. were

playing 5. The first actual robot ____ invented in 1961. A. was

B. has been

6. Where do you live? – I ____ in Boston. I ____ there for ten years now. A. live – have lived

B. live – am living

C. have lived – live

4. Japanese high-speed trains' design was _______ inspired _______ by the nose of the kingfisher.

7. Until now, the disease ____ over thirty thousand people worldwide.

5. This food processor is easily _____ portable _____. You can hold it with just one hand.

8. Liverpool football club ____ 18 Premier League titles so far.

6 Vaccination has been considered among the most important _______ inventions ______ in

A. has killed A. won

B. killed B. used to win

C. kills

D. live – live D. is killing

C. win

D. has won

9. I'm sorry. Mark isn't here now. He ____ to the post office.

medicine. 7. The young inventor obtained a ________ patent _______ on his latest invention last week.

A. went

B. goes

8. Twitter is a popular ______ social networking site _______ in Western countries.

10. ____ you ____ the shoplifter to the police yet?

IV. Match each heading with its correct end. A. She is reading it in her room.

A. Do – report When – reported

2. Mark has just lost his smartphone that he

B. She takes a lot of beautiful photos of

VI. Determine whether the following sentences are Correct or Incorrect.

bought last week.

herself every day.

1. Scientists have made significant achievements in medicine.

3. My sister has downloaded her favorite e-book.

C. It works again now.

4 Minh has bought a selfie stick.

D. He is so desperate now.

5. Since the invention of the plane,

E. travelling long distances has been made so much easier than ever.

2. D

3. A

4. B

5. E

V. Choose the options that best fit the blanks. 1. I ____ this washing machine for five years now. It looks old, but it still works well.

B. Have – reported

C. has been

1. My brother has had his computer repaired.

1. C

D. have had

2. Have you ever read the Wuthering Heights? - Oh. That's my favourite. I ____ it many times, at

C. Are – reporting

Correct 2. The storm uproots the trees, so we cannot travel this road now. Incorrect 3. Our family has lived in this house when I was five years old. Incorrect 4. People use vaccination for a long time to prevent certain diseases. Incorrect

D. has gone D.

5. I have seen Julia three times this week. What a coincidence! Correct 6. I feel so relieved now. My father has found the key I lost this morning. Correct 7. I have had this laptop when I was a first year student. Incorrect 8. I'm still working on my assignments. I haven't finished them yet. Correct

IX. Fill the blanks with the correct forms of the verbs: inspire, not have, encourage, prefer, be 1. Teenagers now _____ prefer _____ chatting on the computers with their friends to meeting face to face. 2. I ______didn’t have______ enough sleep last night, so I'm very tired now. 3. Since we first met at the conference, Jessica ______has encouraged______ me a lot in my career choice. 4. I ______have been______ to Spain twice, but I haven't visited Barcelona yet.

VII. Choose the correct verbs to fill the blanks.

5. For centuries, nature _____has inspired______ many scientists and inventors in their great

Brian called in sick yesterday morning. "You (1. call) ____have called___ in sick five times this month", said his frustrated boss. Brian replied, "I'm sorry. My son (2.start)

inventions. X. Match each description with its correct picture.

_____started_____ day care last month and he (3. be) ____has been___ sick since then. I am a

1. This is usually used by students for calculating

reliable employee; and last year, I (4. not take) _______didn’t take_______ any sick day."

with numbers.

Brian's boss, in a soft voice, said, "It's true. You (5. always finish) ______have always finished_____ your work on time and you (6. bring) ____have brought___ our company a lot of business since you (7. start) _____started____ working for us." Brian said, "Last week, I showed Marlene the recent project I (8. work) _____have worked____ on. I (9. believe) _____believe_____ she can help me, for she (10. work) ____has worked___ on similar projects since she was hired." "OK. Get lots of rest and we'll see you

C A 2. Young people use this with their smartphones to take pictures of themselves. A

soon.", replied his relieved boss. VIII. Give the correct forms of the verbs given. 1. Why are you always putting your clothes in the wrong place? I ______have told_____ (tell) you so many times. 2. My favorite team _____has lost / have lost______ (lose) four matches since the beginning of the season.

B 3. This appliance is used to store foods for a longer time than usual. B C

3. Since the birth of smartphones, they _____have replaced______ (replace) basic phones in

4. Busy people can use this to do exercise at home.

almost every part of the world.

4. We're having special chicken soup for dinner. I _____bought____ (buy) some fresh chicken on my way home yesterday. 5. The living room looks tidy now, my sister _______has just cleaned_____ (just, clean) it. 6. Alberto _____has broken______ (break) his leg, so he can't play football in two months. 7. I haven't seen Alex for a long time. The last time we _____met______ (meet) was at high

5. This is used for making homemade-yogurt. F

school. D

6. This electric device is heated to make clothes smooth.

8. This robot is designed for _____helping______ (help) old people with certain household chores.

XIII. Determine whether the following sentences are corrector incorrect. E XI. Choose the best options to fill the banks. B. for break

C. breaking

2. A stethoscope is applied ____ the blood pressure of patients. A. for measure

B. to measure B. for management B. for travelling B. to lie B. to travelling

6. People collect those samples for study the elements of the surface of the Moon.

C. to lying

XIV. Define ONE wrong word in each sentence.

Incorrect Incorrect

C. travel

B. for avoid B. to relieve

2. In Holland, people make use of windmills for production wind energy.

C. avoiding

8. Doctors make use of anesthetic ____ pain for patients during surgery. A. relief

1. This electric cooker is used to boil rice, not make rice porridge. 3. Chopping uncooked food, please use this separate knife.

7. Remember to use sun cream ____ getting sunburn. A. to avoid

Correct

C. to travelling

6. Don't wear high heels ____ a long distance, they can hurt your feet. A. for travelling

4. Study this data to gain some insights into the problem before writing. 5. Making better voice quality, use this microphone instead of that one.

5. The cat is used ____ in the yard in the afternoon. A. for lying

3. You should take some aspirins to get rid of your headache.

C. for manage

4. You can use a jet ski ____ on both land and water. A. travel

Incorrect Correct

C. in measure

3. Insulin was introduced by scientists from the University of Toronto ____ diabetes. A. to manage

Incorrect 2. You can use Facebook to connect with old friends or making new friends.

1. This hammer is used ____ the glass in case of emergency. A. to break

1. This button is used to opening the suitcase.

C. for relieve

4. This air conditioner is installed to keep it cool in summer and making it warm in cold winter. 5. You can use this to find the meaning of a word or learning some examples of it.

XII. Give the correct forms (V-ing or to-V) of the verbs given.

6. This massage chair is used mainly by the elderly to relief pain.

1. A smartwatch can be used for ______measuring_______ (measure) your exercise efforts.

XV. Select the correct verbs to fill the blanks. There are two redundant verbs.

2. People use this electronic device ____to connect_____ (connect) with other people all over

to reduce

for studying

to satisfy

for losing

the world.

to prevent

for encouraging

to increase

to cover

3. This mobile application is used for recording and ____sending_____ (send) distress signals.

1. You mustn't use a correction pen ________to cover________ errors in this assignment.

4. An e-book reader is convenient; it is used _____to read_____ (read) electronic books,

2. Many young people use computers for playing games rather than ______ for studying ______?

newspapers or magazines. 5. Despite the convenience of motorbikes, many people ride their bicycle or walk _____to keep____ (keep) fit.

3. Children are vaccinated ______ to prevent _____ certain common children diseases.

6. This machine is used for _______massaging________ (massage) at home.

5. Don't abuse the use of that medicine ________ for losing _______ weight.

7. We can use a memory card ____to store______ (store) a lot of music or photos.

4. Doing karaoke is a good way __________ to satisfy ______ people's entertainment needs.

6. Birth control pill is used by many young women ________ to reduce _______ unwanted pregnancies.

Part 2. Choose the best answers to the following questions.

C. READING

1. When were the first mirrors made?

A. True

I. Read the passage and do the tasks below

B. False

A. In the first century

C. Not Given

B. In the 600s B.C.

Nowadays, amid the storming development of high-tech devices such as smartphones or e-book readers, people seem to neglect the existence of certain inventions that date back

2. What were the first materials for making mirrors?

thousands of years. One of those is the mirror.

and silver

People grew a desire to see themselves as they saw their reflections in the surface of

A. Stones

B. Glass

A. They were very heavy. expensive.

were heavy, so mirrors had very modest sizes. Ruling-class people, especially ladies, used them as a fashionable accessory. Hardly did they go out without a mirror. In the 1st century, the first

4. What was TRUE about glass mirrors?

C. They were bigger than metal mirrors. 5. Who used mirrors as a fashion item?

were reflections of sins and demons.

A. Girls and women from powerful families

Nowadays, despite technological advancement, mirrors still play important roles in various modern-day fields, such as surgery, transport, architecture and so on. In fact, mirrors are

B. Girl and women from all families

utilised in technology and have inspired the inventions of several devices such as cameras or satellites. 1. People appreciate inventions that date back a very long time. B. False

C. Not Given

2. The images produced by the first mirrors were not as clear as by the surface of water. B. False

C. Not Given

3. Only rich people could buy mirrors made from metals. B. False

C. Not Given

4. Mirrors from glass were first made by the Romans. B. False

C. Not Given

5. Everyone was happy to see themselves in mirrors. A. True

B. False

C. Not Given

6. Some people believed that mirror reflected negative things. A. True

C. Young and unmarried girls II. Choose the best answer to fill in the blank.

Part 1. Determine whether the following statements are True, False or Not Given.

A. True

C. They were extremely

B. They were not favored because they broke easily.

whole body. However, not everyone cherished the mirror. Some people were irritated to find themselves ugly looking at the mirror, and there were rumors that what they saw in the mirror

A. True

B. They were small.

A. They were cheaper than metal mirrors.

glass mirrors were invented by the Romans and were made bigger to allow people to look at the

A. True

C. Metal such as bronze, gold

3. What was TRUE about metal mirrors?

water. Around the 600s BC, the first mirrors were made from natural materials such as polished stones. After a while, people started to use bronze, gold and silver to make mirrors. These metals

A. True

C. Four thousand years ago

B. False

C. Not Given

7. Due to modern technology, mirrors are not applied in many fields these days.

Several famous people are left-handed, (1) ____ Julius Caesar, Napoleon, and Albert Einstein. Queen Victoria of England was also left-handed, (2) ____ Prince Charles. Paul Mc Cartney of the Beatles plays (3) ____ guitar the opposite way from other guitarists because he is left-handed. Marilyn Monroe, the famous American star was also a leftie. Are you a leftie (4) ____ you write with your right hand? To understand (5) ____ it is necessary to look at the brain. The brain is (6) ____ into two hemispheres. The left hemisphere of the brain (7) ____ the right side of the body, and the right hemisphere controls the left side. Both of the sides of the body receive the same information (8) ____ the brain because the two hemispheres are connected. (9) ____, in the right handed people, the left hemisphere is stronger. In the left-handed people, it is the right hemisphere (10) ____ is stronger. 1. A. such as

B. so as

C. so that

D. such that

2. A. is so and

B. and

C. and so is

D. and is so

3. A. a

B. an

C. the

D. no article

4. A. as

B. because

C. even

D. even though

5. A. leftie

B. lefthandedness

C. left-handed

D. lefthander

A. We began to cook for the party for four hours.

6. A divided

B. cut

C. subtracted

D. separated

B. We have been cooking for the party for four hours.

7. A. conquers

B. controls

C. contrasts

D. consists

C. We cooked for the party for four hours.

8. A. on

B. to

C. from

D. for

9. A. In order that

B. Therefore

C. Never

D. However

10. A. who

B. whom

C. that

D. where

D. We cooked for the party four hours ago. 7. The boatmen were able to escape just before the boat sank. A. The boatmen could escape just before the boat sank.

III. Choose the sentence which is closest in meaning with the given one.

B. The boatmen attempted to escape just before the boat sank

1. Second prize was awarded to an unknown author from Pastra.

C. The boatmen succeeded to escape just before the boat sank.

A. An award of second prize was given an unknown author from Pastra. B. An unknown author from Pastra was awarded second prize.

D. The boatmen managed to escape just before the boat sank. 8. It may be possible for you to go there without a visa.

C. An unknown author from Pastra was awarded with the second prize.

A. It may not be impossible for you to go there without a visa.

D. Unknown author was awarded second.

B. You may be possible to go there without a visa.

2. I used to live alone.

C. It may be unnecessary for you to get a visa to go there.

A. I lived by myself but I no longer do it now. was used to it.

B. I lived by myself and I

C. I am used to living alone. myself.

D. I was used to living by

D. You may find it possible to get a visa to go there. 9. Please don't use the shower after midnight. A. Would you mind not to use the shower after midnight? B. Would you like to use the shower after midnight?

3. I was late for work because the bus broke down.

C. I don't want you to use the shower.

A. As the bus was broken, I was late for work.

D. Would you mind not using the shower after midnight?

B. Due to a bus break-down, I was late for work.

10. It would be better if you did not bring your dog in here.

C. Since the bus broke into pieces, I was late for work.

A. I'd rather you hadn't brought you dog in here.

D. Due to the fact that the bus was broken, I was late for work. 4. "If I were you, I would get in touch with the boss.", he said.

B. I wish you hadn't brought your dog in here. C. I'd rather you didn't bring your dog in here.

A. He suggested that I would get in touch with the boss.

D. You have brought your dog in here, which is against the rules.

B. He suggested keeping in touch with the boss.

11. The car is more expensive than it ought to be.

C. He recommended that I should get in touch with the boss.

A. The car ought to be expensive.

D. He wished he were me so that he could get in touch with the boss.

B. The car shouldn't be so cheap.

5. I'm not very good at gardening, I'm afraid.

C. The car looks like an inexpensive automobile.

A. I'm not much of a gardener, I'm afraid. gardening.

B. I regret that I bad at

C. I'm scared to work in the garden.

D. I am afraid of working in

the garden. 6. We started cooking for the party four hours ago.

D. The car costs more than it should. 12. Jane hardly ever enjoys eating vegetables. A. She enjoys eating vegetables.

B. She has fun growing vegetables.

C. She almost never eats vegetables.

D. She sells vegetables for living.

13. We had several guests at our house over the holidays.

4. I don't think he cares about his employees. At no time do I think he cares about his employees.

A. We were guests at our friend's house.

5. There is no point in persuading him to change his mind.

B. Several people visited us during the holidays. C. The holidays were over by the time our guests arrived.

It's not worth persuading him to change his mind. 6. This is the first time I have spoken in front of so many people.

D. We guessed that several people would come.

I was not used to speaking in front of so many people.

14. I can't believe that he did it without telling me first. A. I can't believe what he told me.

B. He told me that he did it first.

C. He didn't believe that I told him first.

D. He didn't inform me before he did

it.

7. It's Lan's duty to type the report and send it to the manager. Lan is supposed to type the report and send it to the manager. 8. My father let the children splash around in the pool for a while yesterday. My father allowed the children to splash around in the pool for a while yesterday.

15. It is too late to change it, so leave it the way it is. A. It can't be altered at this point. finds it out.

B. We should change it before he

C. We can't leave it the way it is. before he leaves.

D. He should approve the changes

9. People believe that the climate is changing. The climate is believed to be changing. 10. If he hadn't helped me, I wouldn't have finished my report on time. But for his help, I wouldn't have finished my report on time.

D. WRITING

PART 3: TEST YOURSELF

I. Write a paragraph on benefits of an invention Đáp án gợi ý

A. PHONETICS I. Find the word which has the underlined part pronounced differently rom the others.

BENEFITS ON EARBUDS

1. A. grammar

B. damage

C. drama

2. A. operate

B. personal

C. interact

D. receiver

3. A. foot

B. moon

C. food

D. pool

set of speakers. With about 100,000 VND, you can get a pair. Of course, you have to pay

4. A. protection

B. education

C. exception

D. question

more for those of higher quality. Finally, you can use earbuds to listen to music or your listening lessons everywhere, even in public places. Only you can hear the sounds from the

5. A endanger

B. condition

C. handkerchief

D. dangerous

media player or mobile phone. Nobody is disturbed. In conclusion, a pair of earbuds is convenient, cheap and private.

1. A. afternoon

B. tomorrow

C. banana

D. umbrella

2. A. sorrow

B. passion

C. native

D. complaint

II. Rewrite the following sentences without changing their meaning, using the given words.

3. A. brilliant

B. harbour

C. mature

D. difficult

1. The government will introduce new measures against crime next year.

4. A. government

B. disappoint

C. audience

D. talented

5. A. important

B. experience

C. different

D. continue

Earbuds offer certain benefits that people can enjoy. Firstly, a pair of earbuds is small and light, and it is portable too. Earbuds are not bulky. You can put them in your bag or even in your pocket. Secondly, earbuds are not costly. They are not as expensive as a

New measures again crime will be introduced by the government next year. 2. "Bring me a cup of tea, please," she said to him. She asked him to bring her a cup of tea. 3. As soon as he arrived in London, he phoned his parents. No sooner had he arrived in London than he phoned his parents.

D. mammal

II. Find the word whose stressed pattern is different from the others in each group.

B. VOCABULARY AND GRAMMAR I. Choose the word or phrase (A, B, C or D) which best completes each sentence. 1. Never ____ off till tomorrow what you can do today. A. put

B. set

C. do

D. turn

B. have a piece still left

got come back from a trip to Lisbon. My father has just been opened a big new factory in Portugal, and

5. _______pretty_______

A. have still a piece left C. still have a piece left

D. have left a piece still

he had wanted me to help him with marketing.

7. ______some_____

Lisbon is said to be a very pretty beautiful city, but I

8. _______are______

2. Do you need some more paper? – No, thanks. I ____.

3. Not until he came into light ____ him. A. I only recognized didn't recognize

B. did I recognized

C. did I recognize

D. I

Dad always makes me work hard! We had went to lots of business meetings, and I met all the staff. I would have been some more useful if I had learned

4. I was very tired; ____, I determined to walk on to the next village. A. therefore

B. however

C. and

D. for C. Do you see

D. By

6. ____ more carefully, he wouldn't have been in the hospital now. B. If he drove

C. If he drives

D. If

partner was invited me to lunch, and promised to teach me Portuguese, so maybe I'll be accept his offer next time. On my way home, the plane was delayed for four hours because of fog. I think Samantha was waiting at the airport all that time for me. It must be true love!

7. More than 50 films ____ in Hanoi since June. A. have been shown

B. were shown

C. show

D. has

Keep in touch, Best wishes,

been shown

Thomas

8. You must lend me the money for the trip. ____, I won't be able to go. A. Consequently

10. _________be________

they are all speak very good English. In fact, Dad's

B. Should you see

seeing A. Had he driven he hadn't driven

9. ______was____

Portuguese instead of French at school! But luckily

5. ____ Mary, give her my love. A. If you saw

didn't have the chance to see much of it!

6. ______had______

B. Nevertheless

C. Otherwise

III. Give the correct form of the words in CAPITAL to complete the sentences.

Although

1. There is too much ______violence_______ in this movie.

VIOLENT

9. - When can I take my holiday? – ____.

2. Dolphins sometimes are killed when they are

ACCIDENT

A. It's for you.

B. How you like.

C. After your wish.

D. It's

____accidentally____ entrapped in fishing nets.

up to you

3. It is a good book because it is very _____informative____.

INFORM

10. I shall do the job to the best of my ____.

4. Third time lucky! After two _____unsuccessful______ attempts, Mark's finally passed his driving test.

SUCCEED

A. capacity

B. knowledge

C. talent

D. ability

II. In this letter there are 10 words which should not be there. Write your answers on the numbered blanks.

5. He's so nice. It's a ____pleasure_____ working for him.

PLEASE

6. One disadvantage of the Internet is that it takes time away

ACT

Example: 0 → enjoying

from _____activities______ such as watching TV and reading.

Dear Roberto,

0. enjoying

7. He is behaving in a very _____mysterious______ way.

MYSTERY

Thank you for your letter. I am glad to hear you are enjoying well. When I will have some free time,

1. _______will______

8. My teacher is very ______knowledgeable____ about the

KNOW

perhaps I'll come to London to see you, and then we can go out for a meal together somewhere. I've just

2. ______got / come______

history of Vietnam.

3. ______been________

9. Don't eat that fruit. It is _______poisonous_______.

POISON

4. ______had_______

10. Tim is one of the _______participants_______ on a boat

PARTICIPATE

trip on Lake Michigan.

1. A. live

B. lives

C. living

D. life

C. READING

2. A. most

B. most of

C. most of the

D. almost

I. Read the following passage and fill in each blank with a suitable word.

3. A. services

B. uses

C. benefits

D. effects D. available

Dolphins are not fish. They are mammals (1) ____that / which____ live in water.

4. A. free

B. convenient

C. unused

Dolphins

5. A. widespread

B. immediate

C. particular

D. continued

are (2) _____among____ the most intelligent animals on earth. Although they can be found in

6. A. positive

B. negative

C. careless

D. trivial

(3) _____all____ oceans in the world, dolphins prefer coastal waters and bays. The size of

7. A. possible

B. impractical

C. likely

D. impossible

dolphins can vary greatly. The smallest dolphin is just about 50 kg in (4) ____weight____ and

8. A. accessing

B. approaching

C. entering

D. getting

1.2 metres in length while (5) _______the______ largest one can weigh up to 8,200 kg and is 100 metres (6) ____long____. Dolphins eat (7) _____mainly_____ fish. A female dolphin gives

9. A. disease

B. program

C. virus

D. software

10. A. so

B. moreover

C. therefore

D. yet

birth (8) _____to_____ one calf every two years after a (9) ____gestation_____ period of eleven or twelve months. A dolphin can normally live from twenty-five to sixty-five years and some species of dolphins can even live longer. Dolphin populations are at risk (10) _____due_____ to the pollution of their habitat and accidental entrapment in fishing nets. II. Read the following passage and decide which option A, B, C or D best fits each sentence. The last two decades have seen enormous changes in the way people's (1) ____ are affected by IT. Twenty years ago, few people had access to a computer while today (2) ____ people use them at work, home or school and use of e-mail and the Internet is an every day event. These developments have brought many (3) ____ to our lives. E-mail makes communication much easier and more immediate. This has numerous benefits for business, commerce, and education. The World Wide Web means that information on every conceivable subject is now (4) ____ to us. Clearly, for many people this has made life much easier and more convenient. However, not all the effects of the new technology have been beneficial. Many people feel that the (5) ____ use of e-mail is destroying traditional forms of communication such as letter writing, telephone and face-to-face conversation. With ever increasing use of information technology these (6) ____elements are likely to increase in the future. In addition, the huge size of the Web means it is almost (7) ____ to control and regulate. This has led to many concerns regarding children (8) ____ unsuitable websites. Yet perhaps the biggest threat to IT in years to come will be the computer (9) ____ -more sophisticated or more

III. Read the passage below and choose the correct option marked A, B, C or D to answer the questions. I left school at fifteen. I was an academically bright lad who was urged by some of his teachers not to leave, but I wanted out to see life, and I didn't want to reach beyond the expectation of the friends who left school with me. I worked for a year in a laundry, as a van-boy delivering dry cleaning, On turning sixteen I applied to be, and eventually began working as a trainee heating engineer with a medium-sized company in East Belfast. The first months were boring. The work was not demanding but I found the environment of the factory annoying. I remember my first week. I left the factory to meet up with a friend and I realized that I had forgotten to collect my wages. My friend thought I was an idiot. After many months working in the factory, I was sent off to college to study for my Certificate in Heating Engineering. I found the classroom routine unpleasant and I remember feeling a sense of limitation. Five years of this- to end up as a heating engineer and continue with that for the foreseeable future was not an exciting thought. Although I had left school against the advice of my teachers I had, without telling anyone, tried to continue my studies in literature at evening classes. It was a boring walk from one end of the city to another and to sit amongst adults was confusing. I was the youngest in the class, so the companionship I knew at school was absent. I put up with it for a short period. It was too long a walk on cold winter's nights and it was hard to concentrate on Shakespeare with wet shoes and soaking trousers. So I carried on reading books and started writing poetry at home.

destructive strains are almost inevitable.

By chance, I won some prizes and literary awards in national competitions. A young woman from a TV company came to the college one day. She told me in the quiet of the corridor

In conclusion, developments in IT have brought many benefits, (10) ____ I believe developments relating to new technology in the future are likely to produce many negative

that I had won a national poetry award. I stared at her in astonishment and disbelief. She wanted

effects that will need to be addressed very carefully.

to make a short film about me, to which I said: 'No, I couldn't do that? Not that I had any real excuse. I was just frightened. She eventually persuaded me that I should do it the following day.

4. Scarcely had the man left when the bomb exploded. (NO SOONER)

1. One reason why the writer left school at the age of fifteen was that he ____.

5. Most people regard him as being the best man for the job. (WIDELY)

A. thought he would get a good job

B. didn't get on well with his teachers

C. had no other choice friends

D. didn't want to be different from his

No sooner had the man left than the bomb exploded. He is widely regarded as being the best man for the job.

What did the writer feel while he was training to be a heating engineer?

MIDDLE TERM TEST - KEY

A. He was capable of doing something better.

I. Choose the word which has the underlined part pronounced differently from that of the

B. He preferred the college to the factory.

rest.

C. He didn't receive enough money.

1. A. modest

D. He might fail to qualify as a heating engineer.

2. A. fortunate B. considerate

B. contest

C. suggest C. nominate

D. intestine D. passionate

3. What did the writer find when he attended the evening classes?

3. A. movement

B. president

C. extent

D. instrument

A. The behavior of the other students annoyed him.

4. A. circulate

B. create

C. indicate

D. appropriate

B. He was out of place among the other students.

5. A. statement

B. movement

C. evident

D. comment

C. The studies were less interesting than he expected.

II. Choose the suitable words to complete the sentences below.

D. He learned more when he studied at home. 4. What does "it" in 'I put up with it for a short period.’ refer to? A. literature

B. the walk

C. the evening class

companionship

handheld

disabilities

charity organization

drawbacks

1. Despite some _____ drawbacks ____ of this vaccine, people have to use it because there are 2. Like artists, inventors also rely on nature as a rich source of ______ inspiration _______.

B. He wanted more time to think

about it. C. He felt he didn't deserve it.

volunteer inspiration

no other choices available.

5. Why at first did the writer refuse to appear in the film? A. He thought someone else should be in it.

donations disadvantaged

3. This ______ charity organization ______ was set up to protect children and women in wartorn areas.

D. He was taken by surprise.

4. Princess Diana was active in helping ________ disadvantaged _______ children when alive.

D. WRITING

5. This food processor is too bulky. You should get a _______ handheld ______ like mine.

Complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the first one. Using the

6. Laura is a ______ volunteer ______ teacher. She teaches handicapped children English for

word given in block letters and this word MUST NOT be changed in any way.

free.

1. It was easy for us to get tickets for the concert. (NO)

7. Our charity calls for ________ donations _________ from all people.

We had no difficulty (in) getting tickets for the concert. 2. They think the burglar got in through the bathroom. (THOUGHT) The burglar is thought to have got / It is thought that the burglar got in through the

8. A lot of international volunteers provide support for Vietnamese children with mental and physical _________ disabilities _____.

bathroom.

III. Use the endings: -ing, -ed, -ful, or-less of the words in brackets to complete the following sentences.

3. Jim does not intend to give up his hobby. (INTENTION)

1. My sister is ______disappointed_____ (disappoint) with their service.

Jim has no intention of giving up his hobby.

2. This website is ______useful_______ (use), as I can learn a lot of things and make friends.

3. My younger brother is very ______excited______ (excite) about his first trip to Da Nang. 4. The team has tried their best, so they are now _______hopeful_____ (hope) about the result. 5. He is such a _______boring_______ (bore) person that he doesn't have a girlfriend. 6. I didn't like the foods at that restaurant, especially the soup. It was ______tasteless_____ (taste).

A. Correct A. Correct

B. played

environment. C. have been playing

2. Your hair looks terrific! ____ you ____ a haircut? A. Had - got

B. Have - just got B. have gone

C. When - got C. have been

4. While my younger sister was studying in her room, someone ____ our house. A. was breaking into

B. broke into

C. break into

5. My grandparents are not used ____ technological devices. A. to using

B. for using

C. to use

B. witnessed

C. have witnessed

7. While the guests ____ the party, the servants ____ more foods and drinks. A. were enjoying - prepared

B. enjoyed – were preparing

C. were enjoying -

were preparing B. for treating

C. to treating

9. ____ your mobile phone and ____ electricity, you can get a solar charger. A. To recharge – saving

B. For recharging - save

C. To recharge - save

10. Hi, Anna. Are you going to play badminton now? - Sorry, I ____ my homework yet. A. don't finish

B. haven't finished

C. didn't finish

V. Decide whether the following sentences are Correct or Incorrect. 1. This mobile application is installed for taking photos and edit them. A. Correct

B. Incorrect

2. When we were reading an e-book, we got an e-mail from our aunt. A. Correct

B. Incorrect

3. Andrea and Alice are married for fifteen years now.

A. Correct

B. Incorrect

8. Old people with hearing problems rely on this device to hear better. A. Correct

B. Incorrect

VI. Choose the best answers to the following questions. Music has been integral to our lives. Not all types of music have favourable effects, for example, if it is too loud or noisy or it distracts us from our work. However, in general, surprising benefits for health of music exposure have been discovered. sensation caused by chronic pain by up to 21% and depression by 25%. Music therapy, therefore, has been applied together with medication to reduce pain during childbirth and surgeries. Research also shows that music also modifies heartbeat and blood pressure within a positive range. The heart beats faster as we listen to lively music and when the music slows, so do our heart and breath rate. In another study, old people suffering from high blood pressure reported significantly lower blood pressure as a result of listening to calm music after 30

8. X-rays are a modern tool that doctors use ____ malign tumors. A. for treat

B. Incorrect

Overall, music has beneficial effects in pain relief. Listening to music can reduce

6. This is the second time I ____ a car accident. A. witness

A. Correct

7. Brian was painting the wall while he fell off and broke his ankle.

3. I ____ to Da Nang twice, but I still get a lot excited whenever visiting the city. A. went

B. Incorrect

6. Since the start of the new school year, our school has had a lot of activities to protect the

1. When the children ____, it suddenly began to rain. A. were playing

B. Incorrect

5. The thick snow blocked the main road, so we have to take another route now. A. Correct

IV. Choose the best options to fill the blanks.

B. Incorrect

4. I have known Trung when I was a high school student.

minutes. Apart from all those benefits, other effects are related to better sleep, strengthened memory and better general health. Most researchers conclude that our preference of music doesn't play the main role, but the tempo and the theme of the music we are exposed to are the most important factors that affect the remedy results. 1. What is the best title for the passage? A. How music affects our brain

B. Music can reduce pain

C. Helpful health effects gained from music

D. Emotional and physical benefits

of music 2. What is TRUE according to the passage? A. All types of music can produce positive results on health.

B. Music hasn't replaced medicines during childbirth. C. 25% of sensation caused by pain can be reduced by music.

continues, their study results will be badly impacted. We have tried to warn them many times, but that just doesn't work. I wish they were little and controllable again. C: I'm eighty years old now, older than the Internet and any computers you've seen. I

D. Lively music is not good for heartbeat.

used to be against technology. That was not because I'm slow in it, but because in our time, we

3. How does slow music modify heartbeat?

didn't have to rely on such things. But that has changed! I have two granddaughters and one grandson, and all of them are studying abroad. The fastest and most convenient way for us to

A. It makes the heart beat faster. B. It makes heartbeat slow.

keep in touch is the tablet that they bought me. I love spending thirty minutes a day in front of the tablet talking with them.

C. It makes our heart beat slowly and then fast. D. It doesn't actually make any changes to heartbeat. 4. What is the effect of music on people with high blood pressure? A. Their blood pressure is slightly lowered.

1. a changed opinion on technology – ___________C_______ 2. things that make one's work become easier – ___________A______ 3. quarrels with someone over the use of a technological device – _________A______

B. Their blood pressure is greatly lowered.

4. a specific amount of time spent in front of a technological device – __________C________

C. Their blood pressure is lowered after listening to exciting music. D. They can take less medicine.

5. inability to understand why some people hate technology – __________A_______ 6. regretting a past action – _________B_________

5. What is NOT TRUE according to the passage?

7. a worry about a bad consequence that may happen – _________B________

A. We only achieve the best results when listening to our favourite type of music. B. Music can help us have better memory.

8. independence on the Internet and computers – _________C_______ VIII. Choose the options that best fit the blanks.

C. Music can improve our general health.

1. ____ you ____ Central Park in New York yet?

D. Researchers have determined the most important factors in music therapy. 6. What are the most important elements in music therapy? A. The speed and theme of the music

B. Did – visit

B. The rhythm and sound of the

2. I ____ three novels by Charles Dickens so far.

D. The rhythm and theme of the

A. have read reading

music C. The type and sound of the music music

A. Do - visit

C. Have – visited

D. were -

C. am reading

D. was

visiting

VII. Write A, B or C. Which passage mentions ...? A: I'm a business manager, and I just can't figure out how my life will be if there's no Internet. Technology and the Internet have made things easier for me in my job. For example, my team and I make use of video conferencing when I'm on a trip abroad. I can't explain why

3. Thanks to these inventions, our lives ____ both positively and negatively. A. has changed

C. were changed

D. are

4. Arriving home, Linda opened the door, ____ the lights and lay on the sofa. A. turned on

B. was turning on

C. turning

D. turn

5. Since the birth of vaccination, people ____ from fewer diseases. A. are suffering

B: When my husband and I gave our children a laptop as a birthday present last year, we didn't expect that they could be so much into it. I wish we hadn't given it to them. They spend, in my opinion, too much time surfing the Internet and playing video games. I am afraid if this

B. have changed

changed

some people are against technology. My wife and I usually argue about my staring at the smartphone all the time. It's always our biggest source of disagreements.

B. read

B. suffer

C. have suffered

D. are going to

suffer 6. At seven p.m. yesterday, I ____ in my room. Suddenly, I heard a very big noise.

A. study studying

B. studied

C. had been studying

D. was

difficulties faced by local people. For the other days, they can join adventure activities to step out of their comfort zone and challenge themselves.

7. She ____ in six different countries, so she knows a lot about cultures and their people's ways of life.

High school students can choose among three countries - Costa Rica, Dominican Republic or Thailand to spend their trip. HSP intends to expand their network to other countries.

A. has lived

B. lived

C. lives

D. is living

If you're a high school student, give it a shot!

IX. Give the correct forms of the verbs given: change, bake, go, play, see, run, be absent,

1. HSP was introduced for the first time in 2002.

False

not pay

2. The HSP program lasts eighteen days.

True

1. Since the plane was invented, it _____has changed_____ the world in various ways.

3. There are three people directly in charge of each group of students.

False

2. When we arrived home, the children ______were playing______ in the backyard.

4. HSP is the mix of volunteering and adventure tourism.

True

3. After sending an e-mail to my cousin, I turned off my tablet and ______went______ to bed.

5. Students help protect the local natural environment.

Not given

4. I ______was not paying_______ much attention to the teacher when she suddenly called me.

6. Students can now go on HSP trips to five countries.

False

5. Andy _______was absent_______ from class last week because he went to London.

XII. Choose the suitable words to complete the sentences below.

6. This is the first time I _______have seen_______ Laura enjoy herself so much.

breadwinners

7. I ________ran__________ across Kristy when I was checking in at the airport.

1. Soft drinks, a type of _____ sugary _____ drinks, can cause some diseases related to teeth and

8. This microwave is used for heating foods and ________baking_________.

bones.

X. Choose ONE wrong word in each sentence.

2. The Chamberlains share _____ household ______ duties equally, so they have few quarrels over these.

1. Last night, I was writing wedding invitations while my ex-boyfriend called me. → when

smash

household

instrumental

sugary

2. We visited the charity, talking to their manager and gave them the donations. → talked

3. Both Mr. and Mrs. Nelson are the _____ breadwinners ______ of their family. They both

3. To recording your voice, you can download a mobile application. → record

work to support their family financially.

4. He putted on a thick coat and went out in the snowstorm to find his dog. → put

4. You should try listening to some _____ instrumental _____ music before sleep.

5. Half of the school's students are not used to follow the new winter rules. → following

5. His debut album became a ________ smash __________ hit in many European countries in

XI. Decide whether the following statements are True or False or Not Given.

2005.

International Student Volunteers (ISV) is a California-based non-profit volunteer

XIII. Choose the options that best fit the blanks.

organization. Since 2002, more than 35,000 students have joined ISV to volunteer and make a difference during their summer break. One of ISV's programs, High School Program (HSP),

1. The plane ____ in London at 9:15 on Sunday morning. Will you pick me up at Terminal 3?

combining volunteer work and adventure travel, is an 18-day program for high school students

2. A: I am dying of thirst. - B: OK. Wait a second. I ____ you some water.

A. will land

aged 15-18. Since its first launch in 2007 in Australia for the first time, HSP has provided opportunities for students to make a difference to communities and those in need while learning about responsibility and global issues. Each group of students is led by a seasoned ISV leader, and accompanied by a High School leader (either teacher or coach) throughout their trip. HSP's regional staff are available to provide timely help. Students can live, travel and learn in a fun environment. There are a lot of activities that build good characters and inspire students to contribute their efforts and time to communities. For a couple of days, students can visit local areas and learn about their cultures or

A. will bring

B. is going to land B. am going to bring

C. lands

D. is landing

C. am bringing

D. bring

C. will turn up

D. is turning

3. You can wait for Lan, but I don't think she ____. A. is going to turn up

B. won't turn up

up 4. Lindy and Alex ____ their first anniversary tomorrow evening. Have you been invited yet? A. will celebrate celebrated

B. are celebrating

C. celebrate

D. will have

5. Peter ____ the exam. He hasn't done any revision yet. A. doesn't pass

B. didn't pass

ambition. C. isn't passing

D. won't pass

6. John always goes to school by bus, but this week he ____ his brother's motorbike. A. is riding

B. will ride

C. rides

XV. Choose the words CLOSEST in meaning to the underlined parts. 1. They are going to eliminate four of the eight contestants tonight.

D. is going to

ride

A. receive

B. choose

C. disqualify

D. allow

2. This round is the most demanding in the competition, so you must prepare well.

7. Please don't hesitate ____ me at 95784887 if you have any further questions. A. reaching

B. to call

C. calling

A. decisive D. reach

8. He tried to persuade me ____ Jane's party, but I refused ____. A. to attend - coming attend - to come

B. attending - coming

A. taken part in

C. attend - to come

D. to

B. so

C. but

D. Both A & C are

correct

C. easy

D. difficult

B. won

C. held

D. appeared

4. This is the best treatment we can give her for the time being. A. remedy

9. My grandfather is eighty years old, ____ he does exercise even more regularly than me. A. yet

B. important

3. That young writer has conquered several writing competitions in California.

B. favor

C. observation

D. diet

C. disobedience

D. cleanliness

5. Little John is having an eating disorder. A. illness

B. untidiness

XVI. Reorder the words to make complete sentences.

10. I didn't notice anyone ____ into your flat last night. Let's check the security camera. A. broke

B. to break

C. breaking

D. break

I am writing to apply for the job of a volunteer at your charity.

XIV. Choose the underlined part which is incorrect.

2. experience / doing / work / I / office / have / of

1. Our cat and dog will betook care of by our next-door neighbor. A

I have experience of doing office work.

3. social /sites / use / and / information / people / friends / get / networking / to/ make

2. I expect seeing my long-lost friend Adam in Berlin on this trip. It's been too long. A

People use social networking sites to get information and make friends.

4. watch / social / al you / can / variety / and / join / programmes / of / networks

3. I didn't have enough patiencewaiting for Jenny. She's always turning up late. A

1. apply / writing / the / to / a / at / am / job / for/ I / charity / volunteer / your / of /

You can watch a variety of programmes and join social networks.

Unit 6. GENDER EQUALITY - KEY

4. A new school is constructed since last January, and they expect it will have been completed by the start of the

A. VOCABULARY A

new school year. D 5. She is beautiful and talented, but her parents don't let her to take part in that beauty contest. A

6. Andy is able to attend Edinburg University, or I think he may choose to attend Princeton. That's his long-held A D

PART 1: VOCABULARY AND GRAMMAR REVIEW

address

(v):

giải quyết

affect

(v):

ảnh hưởng

caretaker

(n):

người chăm sóc

challenge

(n):

thách thức

discrimination

(n):

phân biệt đối xử

effective

(adj):

có hiệu quả

eliminate

(v):

xóa bỏ

encourage

(v):

động viên, khuyến khích

enrol

(v):

đăng ký nhập học

enrolment

(n):

sự đăng ký nhập học

equal

(adj):

ngang bằng

equality

(n):

inequality

(n):

không bình đẳng

(v):

bắt buộc, ép buộc

gender

(n):

giới, giới tính

government

(n):

chính phủ

limitation

(n): (n):

housework. We should / ought to meet more often.

ngang bằng, bình đẳng

force

income

bổn phận)

must (phải)

duty (bổn phận)

Students must do their homework.

can, could, may (có thể)

permission (cho phép)

You can have a day off if you're tired. May I go out?

may, might, can, could (có lẽ,

thu nhập sự hạn chế, giới hạn

possibility(khả năng)

We can/could /may/ might / go

có thể)

out for dinner tonight.

can't, mustn't, may not (không prohibition (cấm)

She can't go out in such cold

thể không được, có lẽ không)

weather. You mustn't cheat in

loneliness

(n):

sự cô đơn

opportunity

(n):

cơ hội

personal

(adj):

cá nhân

progress

(n):

tiến bộ

property

(n):

tài sản

pursue

(v):

theo đuổi

qualified

(adj):

đủ khả năng/ năng lực

II. MODAL VERBS IN PASSIVE VOICE

the exams. You may not wear slippers to school. may, will, would

request (yêu cầu)

Would you mind if I sat here? Will you please take a message?

remarkable

(adj):

đáng chú ý, phi thường

ĐỘNG TỪ KHUYẾT THIẾU TRONG CÂU BỊ ĐỘNG

right

(n):

quyền lợi

Active:

sue

(v):

kiện

can / may / must

treatment

(n):

sự đối xử

have to

violent

(adj):

có tính bạo lực, hung dữ

violence

(n):

bạo lực; dữ dội

ought to

wage

(n):

tiền lương

should

workforce

(n):

lực lượng lao động

S+

used to

Passive: B. GRAMMAR REVIEW

can / may / must

I. MODALS (ĐỘNG TỪ KHUYẾT THIẾU) Modals (Động từ khuyết

Functions (Chức năng)

have to Examples (Ví dụ)

thiếu)

S+

should used to

can, could (có thể)

ability (khả năng)

I can't work as hard as she does.

ought to

should, ought to (nên)

advice or duty (lời khuyên,

Boys should / ought to do

should

+ be

+ V3

Ex:

6. I think everybody should be provided/ must be provided with equal access to health service.

The manager should sign these contracts today.

7. My brother may be asked/ will be asked to join the police forces.

These contracts should be signed by the manager today.

8. Our teacher told us that all of our assignments must be written/ should be written in ink.

PART 2: EXERCISES A. PHONETICS

9. The afternoon meeting must be postponed/ might be postponed because three of five

I. Find the word which has a different sound in the part underlined.

commitee members are unable to attend.

1. A. tender

B. garnish

C. drain

D. sprinkle

10. Children should not be allowed/ can't be allowed to play violent video games.

2. A. gender

B. enroll

C. preference

D. secondary

11. Milk should be kept/ must be kept in the fridge or it will go sour.

3. A. grill

B. garnish

C. dip

D. slice

12. Important work will be done/ can be done first. III. Fill in each blank with ONE suitable word in the box.

4. A. sue

B. spend

C. sure

D. pursue

5. A. head

B. spread

C. cream

D. bread

pursue

Working

issues

admired

courage

II. Choose the word which has a different stress pattern from the others.

equal

inspire

workforce

decisions

irresponsibility

1. A. workforce

B. trouble

C. machine

D. female

1. Having the same routine regularly without any rest may lead to health ______issues______

2. A. admire

B. freedom

C. fighter

D. image

and other problems which also ruin the family life.

3. A. progress

B. career

C. busy

D. mistake

2. Working mothers can ________ inspire __________ their kids with their hard work and devotion.

4. A. accept

B. student

C. problem

D. open

5. A. courage

B. office

C. inspire

D. person

B. VOCABUALRY AND GRAMMAR I. Complete the sentences with "will, shall, would, could, can, must, should, may, might” 1. _____Will______ you talk to your parents before you decide to join the police forces, Mai? 2. You _________mustn’t____________ pick those flowers. Don't you see the sign? 3. Some people think married women ________shouldn’t_________ pursue a career. 4. Remember to bring a raincoat with you. It ______might__________ rain later. 5. My brother is good at cooking and he ______can_______ cook very delicious food. 6. We ________must_______ stop when the traffic lights are red. 7. _____May________ school boys study needlework and cookery? - Yes, of course.

3. Now I wish I could _______ pursue ________ a medical career to become a doctor. 4. A working mother has to manage both home and office at an ________ equal _________ level that is too much on a holiday basis. 5. Two thirds of the ________ workforce ________ in this textile factory is female. 6. All of the students have _________ admired _________ his excellent teaching. 7. ______ Working _______ mothers are not able to devote enough time to their kids, so the kids are not able to express their feeling with parents. 8. Educated women are becoming more independent and they may not wait for their husband's ___ decisions __. 9. This female firefighter is famous for her ______ courage _______ and strong will. 10. Due to office work, working mothers may develop feelings of for ____ irresponsibility ___

II. Choose the correct passive modals to complete the sentences.

for the family, affecting their children's health.

1. A child mustn't be given/ should not be given everything he or she wants.

IV. Fill in each blank with ONE suitable preposition.

2. He might be presented/ may be presented with an award for his hard work on gender

1. She worked as a nurse ____for____ the Red Cross and got to know many of the wounded

equality.

pilots.

3. The entire lake can be seen/ should be seen from their flat on the 7th floor.

2. This year, more girls are expected to enroll ___________in________ the first grade.

4. Efforts should be made/ can be made to offer all children equal access to education.

3. She became the first woman to fly ______across______ the Atlantic Ocean and the first

5. Sunrise might be observed/ can be observed in the early morning hours.

person to fly over both the Atlantic and Pacific.

4. Many young people are not interested in sports. I have to force my sons _______to____ play tennis or go swimming.

_______discouraged_____ or prevented poor parents from having their children, especially girls, educated.

5. She set many other records, wrote best-selling books, contributed to The Ninety Nines, gave

VI. Find and correct the mistakes.

advice to women _____on______ careers and helped inspire others.

1. The work should do by one of the students. → should be done

6. The Vietnamese government has done a lot _______to______ eliminate hunger and poverty.

2. You will be tell the story later. → told

7. She mysteriously disappeared ________in_____ a flight.

3. I'll be pay at the end of the month. → paid

8. We do not allow any kind of discrimination ________against______ women and girls.

4. This wine can be serve with seafood. → served

9. The members _______of_______ our family have equal rights and responsibilities.

5. Music with strong rhythm and harmony could heard on his debut album. → be heard

10. Most parents don't want to find _______out______ the gender of their babies before birth.

6. The students must give enough time to finish their tests. → be given

V. Use the word given in capitals at the end of each line to form a word that fits in the gap

VII. Choose the best answer A, B, C or D to complete the sentences.

in the same line.

1. Since 2009, Iceland has been the global ____ in gender equality.

1. Margaret Thatcher was the first woman to lead a ____major_____ political party in the UK/ United Kingdom.

MAJORITY

2. She was the first British female Prime Minister and was the

SERVE

A. leader

improved the economy.

A. may be paid EMPLOY

5. Thatcher worked very hard to be a good wife and mother as well as one of the most famous British ___politicians____, whose nickname was the Iron Lady.

7. Everyone must be aware that housework is a shared _____responsibility____ among all family members, not just women.

D. must be

in women's economic conditions.

POLITIC

4. True gender equality ____ when both men and women reach a balance between work and

A. improve

B. improvement

C. improving

D. improved

family. FIGHT

A. can achieve

B. should be achieved

C. can be achieved

D. should

achieve RESPONSIBLE PROVISION

5. On October 24, 1975, more than 25 thousand women in Iceland took a day off to emphasize the importance of women's ____ to the economy, both in paid and unpaid work. A. contribute

B. contributed

C. contributing

contribution 6. Gender equality is also a part of the ____ to the challenges facing society.

EQUALLY

textbooks at the beginning of each school year. 9. In the workplace, women should be given _______equal______

C. can be paid

REPUTE

8. Through a joint project involving the World Bank, UNICEF hopes to help the government _____provide_____ all children with

B. should not be paid

3. For the past five years, Iceland has been in the first rank of educational achievement and ____

6. All her life, she tirelessly ______fought_____ for her beliefs. Not everyone agreed with her methods.

D. lead

paid

4. Her _____reputation_____ was gradually built up, which led to her re-election in 1983 and a third term in office in 1987.

C. leading

experience or "length of service”.

longest ____serving_____ PM for over 150 years. 3. Her first term in office was not easy, but her government successfully reduced the _____unemployment______ rate and

B. leads

2. A common reason that someone ____ more for similar work is because of his or her

COURAGE

A. solution

B. solute

C. solves

D. solve

7. The ____ of women in the labour market in Iceland is one of the highest in the world. A. participate

B. participating

C. participation

D. participated

opportunities as men.

8. The least equal country in the world for women, ranking 145th, was Yemen, where only 55%

10. Until now, the high cost of schooling has

of women can read and only 6% ____ college.

9. UNICEF says that ____ to education is one of the biggest challenges facing children in Yemen

with each (5) ___ occupation ___. Census data suggests that some occupations have become more gender integrated (mail carriers, (6) __________ bartenders ______, bus drivers, and real

today, especially girls.

estate agents). In other areas, however, the reverse is true: occupations such as teachers, nurses,

A. attend

B. enroll

A. access

C. go

B. get

D. tend

C. connect

secretaries, and librarians have become female-dominated while occupations including

D. search

10. Until now, the high cost of schooling has discouraged or prevented poor parents from having their children, ____ girls, educated. A. especially

B. specially

C. and

D. with

architects, electrical engineers, and airplane pilots remain predominately male in composition. Women seem to occupy jobs in the (7) ____ service _____ sector at higher rates then men. Women's overrepresentation in these jobs as opposed to jobs that require managerial work acts as a (8) ________ reinforcement _____ of women and men into traditional (9) ____ gender

11. All forms of discrimination against all women and girls ____ immediately everywhere.

____ role that might influence persisting gender (10) ______ inequality _____.

A. must be taken away must be followed

II. Choose the best answers to the following questions.

B. must be ended

C. must be allowed

12. Moreover, a lack of female teachers contributes to low ____ of girls in schools. A. enrolment

B. application

C. participation

D. gender

13. UNICEF is now ____ schools and families with educational supplies to help lower costs. A. providing

B. improving

C. contributing

Sonita Alizadeh was born and grew up in Afghanistan until she was eight when the family fled to Iran because of war. Sonita remembers her childhood of hunger, aerial bombardment and Taliban fighters. In Iran, she couldn't get a formal education because of not having proper identification. She had to clean bathrooms and learnt the basics of how to read and

D. making

write herself.

D. most be

moved

rapper Yas and US rapper Eminem. She started to write songs about her life as a refugee, child worker and especially a female. Other songs are about her girl friends with broken spirits after

15. Through a joint project involving the World Bank, UNICEF ____ to help the government

arguing and begging their parents not to sell them. Her songs have empowered her friends to

provide all children with textbooks at the beginning of each school year.

protest against forced marriages which account for 60-80 per cent of Afghan marriages.

14. Women with high qualifications ____ to managers. A. must promote

A. hopes

B. must be promoted

B. want

Sonita watched music videos on TV to kill her free time and learnt the styles of Iranian C. most move

C. plans

D. investigate

C. READING I. Fill each of the numbered blanks in the following passage. Use only one word in each space. incomes

service

earnings

bartenders

occupation

workforce

compared

gender

inequality

reinforcement

Gender Equality in the United States of America In the United States, the gender earnings ratio suggests that there has been an increase in women's earnings (1) _____ compared _______ to men. Men’s plateau in earnings began after the 1970s, allowing for the increase in women's wages to close the ratio between (2) _____

Things were all right until they weren't. Sonita's mother asked her to come back to Afghanistan as she needed 7,000 dowry to prepare for Sonita's brother's wedding. Her mother thought she could sell Sonita for a man with 9,000 dowry. Devastated by her mother's wish, Sonita fought by making a music video "Daughters for Sale" with the help of an Iranian filmmaker. Thanks to the video, the Strongheart Group contacted her and gave her a scholarship in the US where she now can go to school and remain single. 1. What did Sonita do to earn money in Iran? A. She wrote songs and rapped.

B. She cleaned bathrooms.

music videos. 2. What is TRUE about Sonita's songs?

incomes ______. Despite the smaller ratio between men and women's wages, disparity still

A. They were banned in Iran.

exists. Census data suggests that women's earnings are 71 percent of men's (3) _______ earnings _________ in 1999.

B. They have given girls strength to protest against arranged marriages.

As women entered the (4) _____ workforce ______ in larger numbers since the 1960s, occupations have become segregated based on the level of femininity or masculinity associated

C. They're about her love of her homeland Afghanistan. 3. How did Sonita feel when her mother wanted to sell her?

C. She made

A. Extremely upset and shocked

B. Calm and indifferent

C. Angry and

hateful

Your hands must be washed. 4. He can speak four languages. Four languages can be spoken by him.

4. Where does Sonita live now? A. Afghanistan

B. Iran

D. WRITING I. Rewrite the sentence using modal verbs in passive. 1. Ann can't use her office at the moment. Her office can’t be used by Ann at the moment. 2. I have to finish my work now. My work has to be finished now. 3. You must do your task. Your task must be done. 4. Governments should offer poor women more help. Poor women should be offered more help by governments. 5. We must do something before it's too late.

C. The USA

5. You must keep dogs outside shops. Dogs must be kept outside shops. 6. The Vietnamese government will make more progress in gender equality. More progress will be made by the Vietnamese government in gender equality. 7. Children should treat old men with respect. Old men should be treated with respect by children. 8. They should give men and women equal pay for equal work. Men and women should be given equal pay for equal work. 9. My classmates used to call me John. I used to be called John by my classmates. 10. He can't repair my bike. My bike can’t be repaired by him.

Something must be done before it’s too late. 6. My uncle may earn 500$ a day. 500$ a day may be earned by my uncle. 7. He might have caught the fish. The fish might have been caught by him. 8. They will sue the company for wage discrimination. The company will be sued for wage discrimination. 9. She could have washed the dress. The dress could have been washed by her. 10. She can't pick many flowers. Many flowers can’t be picked by her.

PART 3: TEST YOURSELF I. Find the word which has a different sound in the part underlined. 1. A. aware

B. family

C. planet

D. married

2. A. sauce

B. steam

C. sugar

D. stew

3. A. marinate

B. grate

C. shallot

D. staple

4. A. maintain

B. string

C. present

D. often

5. A. enroll

B. happen

C. pursue

D. affect

II. Choose the word which has a different stress pattern from the others. 1. A. advice

B. amazed

C. reply

2. A. major

B. female

C. police

D. gender D. famous

3. A. support

B. women

C. pursue

D. employ

II. Rewrite the sentence using modal verbs in passive.

4. A. conflict

B. married

C. aware

D. alone

1. Parents should give children a lot of love.

5. A. correct

B. follow

C. party

D. workforce

Children should be given a lot of love by parents. 2. Each student must write an essay on gender equality. An essay on gender equality must be written by each student. 3. You must wash your hands.

III. Choose the best answer A, B, C or D to complete the sentences. 1. UNICEF is working both nationally and regionally to educate the public on the ____ of educating girls. A. importance hesitation

B. development

C. enrollment

2. Reducing gender ____ improves productivity and economic growth of a nation. A. equality

B. inequality

C. possibility

13. In Korea, many people still feel that women should be in charge of ____ after getting married. A. housekeeping

rights A. gap

B. generation

B. homemaker

C. house husband

C. sex

male

14. Discrimination on the basis of gender ____ from workplaces. A. should be removed

B. must be removed

C. can be removed

4. Gender equality ____ only when women and men enjoy the same opportunities.

be removed

A. will achieve achieved

IV. Choose the best word to complete the sentences below.

B. achieves

C. achieve

D. will be

5. International Women's Day is an occasion to make more ____ towards achieving gender

D. will

access

eliminated

discrimination

progress

preference

caretaker

rights

gender equality

1. Much has to be done to achieve ______ gender equality ______ in employment

equality. A. movement

householder

3. The gender ____ in education in Yemen is among the highest in the world.

B. progress

C. improvement

opportunities.

development

2. Employers give ________ preference ________ to university graduates.

6. In Muslim countries, changes ____ to give women equal rights to natural or economic resources, as well as access to ownership.

4. Both genders should be provided with equal _______rights______ to education, employment

A. may make

B. will make

C. must be made

3. People have _______ eliminated ______ poverty and hunger in many parts of the world.

D. can make

7. Women are more likely to be victims of ____ violence. A. domestic

B. household

5. Internet ________access______ is available everywhere in this city.

C. home

D. family

8. In order to reduce gender inequality in South Korean society, women ____ more opportunities B. should provide

C. may be provided

D. should be

provided

______. 8. People in this country have made good ______ progress ______ in eliminating domestic violence.

9. In Yemen, women have less ____ to property ownership, credit, training and employment A. possibility

6. A person looking after someone who is sick, disabled or old at home is a ______ caretaker 7. We should not allow any kind of ______ discrimination _______ against women and girls.

by companies. A. will prove

and healthcare.

B. way

C. use

V. Find and correct the mistake. 1. I think fast food should be sold in schools. → should not be sold

D. access

10. Child marriage ____ in several parts in the world because it limits access to education and

2. Domestic violence against women and girls will eliminated when governments and people co-

training.

operate.

A. must stop

B. will be stopped

C. must be stopped

D. can

→ be eliminated

be stop

3. The text books can't be buy today because they have sold out. → can’t be bought

11. The principle of equal pay is that men and women doing ____ work should get paid the same amount.

4. Do you think that overeating can cause people being overweight? → to be

A. same

B. alike

C. similar

D. identical

12. In Egypt, female students from disadvantaged families ____ scholarships to continue their studies. A. will be given

5. Your car must serviced regularly if you want it to be in good condition. → must be serviced 6. You look so tired. Go to the doctor's and you will give some days off. → will be given VI. Complete the sentences with the correct word in the box. force

B. can be given

C. may be given

D. must be given

gender

enrol

eliminate

equal

discrimination

VIII. Choose the word or phrase among A, B, C or D that best fits the blank space in the following passage.

1. Our family members have _______equal______ rights and responsibilities.

GENDER ROLES IN PARENTING AND MARRIAGE

2. Many young people are not interested in sports. I have to ______force______ my sons to play tennis or go swimming. 3. We do not allow any kind of ________ discrimination ______ against women and girls. 4. Most parents don't want to find out the ______gender______ of their babies before birth. 5. The Vietnamese government has done a lot to ________eliminate_______ hunger and

Gender roles develop (1) ____ internalisation and identification during childhood. Sigmund Freud suggested that biology determines gender identity through (2) ____ with either the mother or the father. While some people agree with Freud, others (3) ____ that the development of the “gendered self” is not completely determined by biology, but rather the interactions that one has with the primary caregiver(s).

poverty. 6. This year, more girls are expected to _________enrol_________ in the first grade. VII. Choose the word in the box to complete the text.

From birth, parents (4) ____ differently with children depending on their sex, and through this interaction parents can instill different values or traits in their children on the basis

right

unpaid

inequalities

vital

discrimination

of what is (5) ____ for their sex. This internalisation of gender norms includes the choice of toys (“feminine” toys often reinforce interaction, nurturing, and closeness, “masculine” toys often

exploitation

parity

legislation

remarkable

multiplier

reinforce independence and competitiveness) that a parents give to their children. Education also

Ending all forms of (1) ____ discrimination _____ against women and girls is not only a basic human (2) _______right_______, but it also crucial to accelerating sustainable development. It has been proven time and again, that empowering women and girls has a (3) ______ multiplier _______ effect, and helps drive up economic growth and development across the board. Since 2000, UNDP, together with our UN partners and the rest of the global community, has made gender equality central to our work. We have seen (4) ____ remarkable ____ progress since then. More girls are now in school compared to 15 years ago, and most regions have reached gender (5) _____ parity _____ in primary education. Women now make up to 41 percent of paid workers outside of agriculture, compared to 35 percent in 1990.

plays an (6) ____ role in the creation of gender norms. Gender roles that are created in childhood may permeate throughout life and help to structure (7) ____ and marriage, especially in relation to work in and outside home. Despite the increasing number of women in the labor (8) ____, women are still responsible for the majority of domestic chores and childcare. While women split their time between work and care of the home, men in many societies are pressured into being the primary economic supporter of the home. (9) ____ the fact that different households may divide chores more evenly, there is evidence supporting the fact that women have retained the primary caregiver role within familial life despite contributing economically to the household. This evidence suggest that women (10) ____ work outside the home often put an extra 18 hours a week doing household or childcare related chores as opposed to men who average 12 minutes a day in childcare activities.

The SDGs aim to build on these achievements to ensure that there is an end to

1. A. with

B. through

C. upon

D. across

discrimination against women and girls everywhere. There are still huge (6) ____ inequalities

2. A. health

B. fitness

C. identification

D. balance

____ in the labour market in some regions, with women systematically denied equal access to jobs. Sexual violence and (7) ____ exploitation ___, the unequal division of (8)

3. A. argue

B. claim

C. discuss

D. debate

4. A. acquaint

B. relate

C. interact

D. make

5. A. confusing

B. passive

C. native

D. normative

_____unpaid____ care and domestic work, and discrimination in public office, all remain huge barriers.

6. A. integral

B. exact

C. fact

D. true

____vital____ targets to realizing this goal. So is ensuring universal access to sexual and reproductive health. Today there are more women in public office than ever before, but

7. A. offspring

B. family

C. parenting

D. parents

8. A. force

B. power

C. strength

D. health

encouraging women leaders will help strengthen policies and (10) ______ legislation ______ for

9. A. without

B. in

C. Despite

D. on

greater gender equality.

10. A. which

B. who

C. whose

D. that

Affording women equal rights to economic resources such as land and property are (9)

IX. Read the passage carefully and choose the correct answer.

B. the level of literacy and schooling between men and women in Vietnam is the same

Today, more and more women are actively participating in social activities both in urban and rural areas. Specifically, they have shined brightly in even many fields commonly regarded as the man's areas such as business, scientific research and social management. In some areas, women even show more overwhelming power than men. The image of contemporary Vietnamese women with creativeness, dynamism, success has become popular in Vietnam's society. The fact reveals that the gender gap has been remarkably narrowed and women enjoy many more opportunities to pursue their social careers and obtain success, contributing to national socio-economic development. According to Ms, Le Thi Quy, Director of the Gender/and

C. there are more women in authority in Vietnam than those in any other countries in Southeast Asia D. there are no female professors in Vietnam 4. Vietnamese women ____. A. have fewopportunities to develop their intellectual ability B. have only shined brightly in doing housework C. cannot do any scientific research

Development Research Centre under the University of Social Sciences and Humanities, Hanoi

D. are ensured their rights with laws, conventions and national action plans

National University, gender equity in Vietnam has reached a high level over the past decade. The rate of Vietnamese women becoming National Assembly members from the 9th term to the 11th

5. Which is not mentioned in the text as a project to create condition for Vietnamese women?

term increased 8.7%, bringing the proportion of Vietnamese women in authority to 27.3%, the highest rate in Southeast Asia. There is no big gap in the level of literacy and schooling between

A. Traditional women's duties

B. Reproductive health care

C. Children protection

D. Family income improvement

men and women. Women account for about 37% of university and college graduates, 19.9% of doctoral degree holders and 6.7% of professors and associate professors.

Unit 7. CULTURAL DIVERSITY

The legitimate rights of women and children are ensured more than ever before with more complete legal documents including laws, conventions and national action plans, among which the laws on "gender equity" mark a turning-point in the empowerment of women. Mass media also highlights the continued success of women in every field and honors

PART 1: VOCABULARY AND GRAMMAR REVIEW A. VOCABULARY alert

(adj):

tỉnh táo, lanh lợi

altar

(n):

bàn thờ

ancestor

(n):

ông bà, tổ tiên

family income improvement jointly conducted by various mass organizations, state agencies and non-governmental organizations have created favorable conditions for women to become

Aquarius

(n):

chòm sao/ cung Thủy Bình

Aries

(n):

chòm sao/ cung Bạch Dương

involved.

assignment

(n):

bài tập lớn

1. The text is about ____.

best man

(n):

phù rể

A. the changes in the status of Vietnamese women

bride

(n):

cô dâu

B. the Vietnamese women's liberation

bridegroom

(n):

chú rể

C. the Vietnamese sex discrimination

bridesmaid

(n):

phù dâu

D. the discrimination that Vietnamese women have to face

Cancer

(n):

chòm sao/ cung Cự Giải

Capricorn

(n):

chòm sao/ cung Ma Kết

complicated

(adj):

phức tạp

contrast

(n):

sự tương phản, sự trái ngược

+ contrast

(v):

tương phản, khác nhau

their great importance in modern society, helping to do away with outdated perceptions about traditional women's duties. Many projects on reproductive health care, children protection, and

2. Which adjective is not used to describe Vietnamese women? A. successful

B. creative

C. narrow

3. According to the data in the text, ____. A. Vietnamese women do not take part in authority

D. dynamic

crowded

(adj):

đông đúc

present

(v):

đưa ra, trình bày

decent

(adj):

đàng hoàng, tử tế

prestigious

(adj):

có uy tín, có thanh thế

diversity

(n):

sự đa dạng, phong phú

proposal

(n):

sự cầu hôn

engaged

(adj):

đính hôn, đính ước

protest

(n,v):

sự phản kháng, sự phản đối

+ engagement

(n):

sự đính hôn, sự đính ước

rebel

(v,n):

nổi loạn, chống đối

export

(n):

sự xuất khẩu, hàng xuất khẩu

ritual

(n):

lễ nghi, nghi thức

+ export

(v):

xuất khẩu

Sagittarius

(n):

chòm sao/ cung Nhân Mã

favourable

(adj):

thuận lợi

Scorpio

(n):

chòm sao/ cung Thiên Yết

fortune

(n):

vận may, sự giàu có

soul

(n):

linh hồn, tâm hồn

funeral

(n):

đám tang

superstition

(n):

sự tín ngưỡng, mê tín

garter

(n):

nịt bít bất

+ superstitious

(adj):

mê tín

Gemini

(n):

chòm sao/ cung Song Tử

sweep

(v):

quét diễn ra, xảy ra

handkerchief

(n):

khăn tay

take place

(v):

high status

(np):

có địa vị cao, có vị trí cao

Taurus

(n):

chòm sao/ cung Kim Ngưu

honeymoon

(n):

tuần trăng mật

veil

(n):

mạng che mặt

horoscope

(n):

số tử vi, cung Hoàng đạo

venture

(n):

dự án hoặc công việc kinh doanh

import

(n):

sự nhập khẩu, hàng nhập khẩu

Virgo

(n):

chòm sao/ cung Xử Nữ sự giàu có, giàu sang, của cải

+ import

(v):

nhập khẩu

wealth

(n):

influence

(n):

sự ảnh hưởng

wedding ceremony

(np):

lễ cưới

legend

(n):

truyền thuyết, truyện cổ tích

wedding reception

(np):

tiệc cưới

lentil

(n):

đậu lăng, hạt đậu lăng

B. GRAMMAR REVIEW

Leo

(n):

chòm sao/ cung Sư Tử

I. INDEFINITE ARTICLES: A/AN

Libra

(n):

chòm sao/ cung Thiên Bình

- An đứng trước 1 danh từ đếm được số ít bắt đầu bằng 1 nguyên âm (u, e, o, a, i).

life partner

(np):

bạn đời

- A đứng trước danh từ đếm được số ít bắt đầu là 1 phụ âm.

magpie

(n):

chim chích chòe

1. A/ An được dùng trước:

majority

(n):

phần lớn

- Danh từ đếm được, số ít.

mystery

(n):

điều huyền bí, bí ẩn

*An: đứng trước nguyên âm hoặc “h” câm.

Ex: an aminal, an hour........

object

(v):

phản đối, chống lại

- Trong các cấu trúc:

Ex: She is so pretty a girl.

+ object

(n):

đồ vật, vật thể

so + adj + a/an + noun

It's such a beautiful picture.

Pisces

(n):

chòm sao/ cung Song Ngư

such + a/an + noun

She is as pretty a girl as her sister.

present

(adj):

có mặt, hiện tại

as + adj + a/an + noun + as

How beautiful a girl you are!

present

(n):

món quà

How + adj + a/an + noun + verb!

Ex: a doctor, a bag, an animal, an hour………

- Chỉ một người được đề cập qua tên.

Ex: A Mrs. Blue sent you this letter.

- Danh từ trừu tượng, không đếm được.

Ex: Independence is a happy thing.

- Trước các danh từ trong ngữ đồng vị.

Ex: Nguyen Du, a great poet, wrote that novel.

- Các danh từ chỉ màu sắc.

Ex: Red and white make pink.

- Trong các cụm từ chỉ số lượng.

Ex: a pair, a couple, a lot of, a little, a few, a large/great number of……..

- Các môn học.

Ex: Math is her worst subject.

- Các vật liệu, kim loại.

Ex: Steel is made from iron.

2. A/ An không được dùng:

- Các tên nước, châu lục, thành phố.

Ex: Ha Noi is the capital of Vietnam.

- ONE được sử dụng thay A/An để nhấn mạnh. Ex: There is a book on the table, but one is not enough.

- Các chức danh, tên người.

Ex: President Bill Clinton, Ba, Nga.

- Các bữa ăn, món ăn, thức ăn.

Ex: We have rice and fish for dinner.

- Trước danh từ không đếm được.

Ex: Coffee is also a kind of drink.

- Các trò chơi, thể thao.

Ex: Football is a popular sport in Vietnam.

- Trước các danh từ đếm được số nhiều.

Ex: Dogs are faithful animals.

- Các loại bệnh tật.

Ex: Cold is a common disease.

- Ngôn ngữ, tiếng nói.

Ex: English is being used everywhere.

II. DEFINITE ARTICLE: THE

- Các kỳ nghỉ, lễ hội.

Ex: Tet, Christmas, Valentine...

1. THE được dùng trước:

- Các mũi đất (nhô ra biển, hồ, núi)

Ex: Cape Horn, Lake Than Tho, Mount Cam,

- Những vật duy nhất.

Ex: the sun, the moon, the world....

Mount Rushmore.....

- Các danh từ được xác nhận bởi cụm tính từ

- The house with green fence is hers.

*But: the Cape of Good Hope, the Great Lake,

hoặc mệnh đề tính từ.

- The man that we met has just come.

the Mount of Olive......

- Các danh từ được xác định qua ngữ cảnh hoặc được đề cập trước đó.

Ex: Finally, the writer killed himself.

III. SO SÁNH

- I have a book and an eraser. The book is now on the table.

1. So sánh hơn

- Các danh từ chỉ sự giải trí.

Ex: the theater, the concert, the church

early, healthy, happy, pretty, dry, ....

- Trước tên các tàu thuyền, máy bay.

Ex: The Titanic was a great ship.

- Các sông, biển, đại dương, dãy núi.

Ex: the Mekong River, the East Sea, the Pacific Ocean, the Himalayas

- Một nhóm các đảo hoặc quốc gia.

Ex: the Philippines, the United States.

- Tính từ dùng như danh từ tập hợp.

Ex: You should help the poor.

- Trong so sánh nhất.

Ex: Nam is the cleverest in his class.

- Tên người ở số nhiều (chỉ gia đình)

Ex: The Blacks, The Blues, the Nams

- Các danh từ đại diện cho 1 loài.

Ex: The cat is a lovely home pet.

- Các trạng từ chỉ thời gian, nơi chốn.

Ex: in the morning, in the street, in the water.....

a. Short Adj/ Adv: là những từ có 1 âm tiết và những từ có 2 âm tiết kết thúc tận cùng là “y”: Form: S+ be/V + adj/ adv - er + than + O Ex:

She is fatter than her mother.

b. Long Adj/ Adv: là những từ có 2 âm tiết trở lên. Form: S + be/V + more + adj/ adv + than + O Ex:

He is more generous than his brother.

Note: Trước so sánh hơn có thể có “much”, “far”, “so”, “a little”, “a lot”, “a bit” That car is far more expensive than that motorbike.

- Số thứ tự.

Ex: the first, the second, the third....

Ex:

- Chuỗi thời gian hoặc không gian.

Ex: the next, the following, the last...

2. So sánh kém Form:

2. THE không dùng được: - Trước các danh từ số nhiều nói chung.

Ex: They build houses near the hall.

S + be/V + less + adj/ adv/ noun + than + noun/pronoun

2. A. study

B. reply

C. apply

3. So sánh nhất

Ex:

Their jobs allow them less freedom than ours do.

3. A. suspicion

B. telephone

C. relation

D. direction

a. Short Adj/ Adv:

4. A. reduction

B. popular

C. financial

D. romantic

5. A. discover

B. difficult

C. invention

D. important

Form:

B. VOCABUALRY AND GRAMMAR

S + be/V + the adj/ adv - est + ......... Ex:

I. Complete the sentences with A, An or The.

Vinh is the tallest in our class.

b. Long Adj/ Adv:

1. _____The_____ Vietnamese like to joke around, but their jokes are not easily translated into English.

Form:

2. Each person has ____a____ strong sense of regional cultural identity.

S + be/V + the most adj/ adv + ........ Ex:

D. rely

3. Henry was __a___ bit of ___a__ rebel when he was ___a___ teenager and dyed his hair pink,

Diep is the most attractive girl in their team.

and he also rebelled his parents' plans for him and left school at ____the____ age of 16.

Note: Một số Adj, Ady so sánh đặc biệt Adj/ Adv

So sánh hơn

So sánh nhất

4. You may have __an__ object that you trust will bring you good luck, but many people object to that belief.

good/ well

better

the best: tốt, giỏi

bad/ badly

worse

the worst: tồi tệ, kém

much/ many

the most: nhiều

little

less

the least: ít

old

older

the oldest: cũ già

elder

the eldest: anh, chị

farther

the farthest: khoảng cách

further

the furthest: hơn, them

9. ___The___ course allows students to progress at their own speed, and they are making much progress in awareness of cultural diversity.

the latest: mới nhất

10. There is ___an___ obvious contrast between _____the____ cultures of East and West;

the last: cuối (thứ tự)

however, European cultures contrast with that of the USA.

far late

later PART 2: EXERCISES

5. Relationships in ___the___ family are never to be broken and they are to be built up continuously. 6. They are also very friendly, easy-going and have ____an___ easy smile. 7. To show respect, many Vietnamese people bow their heads to ____a_____ superior or elder. 8. ____The____ Vietnamese have been described as energetic, sentimental, proud, and hardworking

II. Put the correct preposition for the sentences below.

A. PHONETICS

1. Most Vietnamese people place more emphasis _____on_____ their duties ____in__ their

I. Find the word which has a different sound in the part underlined.

family than their own desires.

1. A. pleasant

B. health

C. healthy

D. breathe

2. _____At____ home, he should show respect ____to____ his parents, older brothers or sisters,

2. A. come

B. roll

C. comb

D. grow

and older relatives.

3. A. fear

B. realize

C. pear

D. near

3. ___For___ some teenagers, when they rebel ___against___ their parents, they act as rebels.

4. A. inventor

B. president

C. adventure

D. genetics

4. If you really want ____to____ get to know ____about___ their culture, you need ____to___

5. A. adopt

B. front

C. column

D. borrow

go there to record their daily activities as well as festivals.

II. Choose the word which has a different stress pattern from the others.

5. There are three ways ______by_____ which a man can acquire a good name: either

1. A. recommend

____by___ heroic deeds, ___by____ intellectual achievements, or _____by_____ moral virtue.

B. volunteer

C. understand

D. potential

6. If you volunteer _____to_____ present about that cultural aspect, you will get a present ____from___ the teacher.

6. Studies encourage mobile learning because students benefit greatly from

7. Rich people who are not educated are often looked ___down__ upon ___by___ other people.

7. On that day, the groom's family and relatives visit the bride and her family with round lacquered boxes known as betrothal presents which are

8. He seems ___to___ have particular respect and admiration ____for____ learned people, and learning is considered more valuable than wealth and material success.

MARR

covered with red cloth and carried by ____unmarried_____ girls or boys. 8. The Intel programme tries to deliver the “four Cs” to grade-10 students: critical thinking, communication, collaboration, and ___creativity____.

9. There is an increase ____in__ the number ___of___ Vietnamese women taking the roles ___of____ leaders ____in____ their organisations.

CREAT

partner.

9. Many digital textbooks are _____constantly_____ updated and often more vivid, helpful, creative, and a lot of cheaper than those old heavy

III. Choose the correct words in brackets to complete the sentences.

books.

1. In the past, the proposal and engagement ceremonies took place one or two years before / after the wedding.

10. Then, the couple should pray in front of the altar to ask their ancestors for ____permission_____ for their marriage, then express their gratitude to

2. There is a wedding proposal / reception for all guests after the wedding ceremony.

both groom's and bride's parents for raising and protecting them.

10. You need ___to____ perfect yourself ___in___ order to look ____for___ a perfect life

3. My cousin's marriage / wedding is next Sunday.

1. To the Chinese, 8 is a lucky number, ____ the Vietnamese believe 9 brings luck, and the 1 and

5. There will be about 100 grooms / guests at my cousin's wedding.

8 of 18, adding up to 9, are considered success.

6. My brother got engaged / married to one of his friends from college and started saving for

A. despite

the big day.

A. change

CELEBRATION TRADITION

C. effect

D. affect

Samoset. A. an

B. the

C. a

D. x

your dinner – which means bad luck. A. x - the - the B. the - the - a

EFFECT

this an _____effective______ way in communication.

LEARN

C. x - a - the

D. the - the - the

5. In Spain, it is believes to be bad luck to enter ____ room with your left foot. A. a

PUBLISH

putting their content online. implement the BYOD (Bring Your Own Device) policy to make the ____learning____ process more relevant and effective.

B. afford

4. In ____ Netherlands, singing at ____ dinner table means you are singing to ____ devil for

families hold wedding parties at the restaurant.

5. In order to integrate technology into the classroom, teachers should

D. and

3. That year, things were going a lot better for the Pilgrims, thanks to ____ help of Squanto and

in the same line.

4. Consider that there are a good number of book ____publishers___ now

C. while

Year will ____ their life.

IV. Use the word given in capitals at the end of each line to form a word that fits in the gap

3. American teenagers send an average of 60 text messages per day, making

B. but

2. Many people believe that the first person who visits their home on the first day of the New

7. On the wedding day, the best man is expected to help the groom / bride.

2. ___Traditionally___, the reception occurs at their houses, but now many

CONSTAN

V. Choose the best answer A, B, C or D to complete the sentences.

4. The groom / bride can have as many bridesmaids as she wants.

1. The parents of the groom go to the fortune teller to see what date and time is best for them to _____celebrate____ the wedding ceremony.

ACADEM

more opportunities for ____academic____ development.

B. an

C. the

D. x

6. Cultural diversity makes the United States a ____ interesting place in which to live for all of its inhabitants. A. much better

B. more

C. many more

D. much more

7. In every culture, there are basic standards for social ____ such as personal space distance, eye contact, amount of body language displayed in public.

PERM

A. reaction

B. interaction

C. relationship

II. Choose the word or phrase among A, B, C or D that best fits the blank space in the

D. relation

following passage.

8. They invited these friends and their families to ____ special meal. It was ____ first

VIETNAMESE WEDDING CUSTOMS

Thanksgiving dinner with turkey, fish, green beans, and soup. A. a - a

B. a - the

C. a - x

D. the - a

The wedding consists of several (1) _____ including asking permission to receive the bride, the procession to the groom's house, the ancestor ceremony, and the banquet party.

9. Today, Australia is one of ____ diverse countries in the world. A. the more culturally

B. the most culturally

C. most cultural

D. the

most cultural 10. UN World Day for Cultural Diversity for Dialogue and Development on May 21st is a chance to celebrate the cultural diversity of people around us, and find out more about what we have ____. A. as usual

In the morning, the groom's mother and a few close relatives would walk to the bride's house with a present of betel to ask permission to receive the (2) ____ at her house. The date and

B. as normal

C. in common

time of the ceremony is usually determined by a Buddhist monk or fortune teller. In the procession to receive the bride, the groom and his family often carry decorated lacquer boxes covered in red cloth to represent his (3) ____ and which include various (4) ____ for the bride's family. There are either 6 or 8 boxes, but never 7 because it is bad (5) ____.

D. alike

After paying their (6) ____ to their ancestors, the bride and groom will serve tea to their

C. READING I. Fill each of the numbered blanks in the following passage. Use only one word in each

parents who will then give them advice regarding (7) ____ and family. During the candle

space.

ceremony, the bride and groom's families union is celebrated and the mother-in-law of the bride will open the boxes filled with jewelry and dress her new daughter-in-law in the jewelry.

range

cultures

first

added

contributed

benefited

dishes

developed

way

alive

Cultural diversity means a (1) ___range____ of different societies or people of different origins, religions and traditions all living and interacting together. Britain has (2) ___benefited____ from diversity throughout its long history and is currently one of the most culturally diverse countries in the world. The food they eat, the music they listen to, and the clothes they wear have all been influenced by different (3) ____cultures_____ coming into Britain. Ethnic food, for example, is part of an average British diet. One of Britain's favourite (4) ____dishes____ is Indian curry. Britons have enjoyed curry for a surprisingly long time - the (5) _____first______ curry went on an English menu in 1773. Even the English language (6) ____developed____ from the languages spoken by AngloSaxons, Scandinavian Vikings and Norman French invaders. New words were (7) _____added_____ from the languages of other immigrants over the years. Valuing the diverse culture is all about understanding and respecting the beliefs of others

Finally, the groom officially asks for permission to take his new bride (8) ____ and they make their way back to his house. During the (9) ____, there is usually a 10-course meal and the bride and groom make their (10) ____ to each table to express their gratitude and also get money as presents. 1. A. asks

B. ceremonies

C. requests

D. tells

2. A. bride

B. regulations

C. laws

D. notes

3. A. condition

B. culture

C. relation

D. wealth

4. A. beans

B. boxes

C. presents

D. wars

5. A. bad

B. fond

C. luck

D. interest

6. A. respects

B. allows

C. stops

D. refuses

7. A. existence

B. dead

C. marriage

D. divorce

8. A. flat

B. home

C. house

D. apartment

9. A. acquaintance

B. contribution

C. difficulty

D. reception

10. A. troubles

B. problems

C. ovals

D. rounds

and their (8) _____way_____ of life, as we would expect someone to respect ours. It is about

D. WRITING

supporting individuals in keeping their cultural traditions (9) _____alive_____ and appreciating

I. Complete the sentences with a suitable comparative or supperative.

the fact that all these different traditions will enrich British life both today and in the future. People from all over the world have (10) ___contributed___ to the Britain and they continue to do so.

1. In my opinion, Spanish is (easy) _____the easiest_____ foreign language to learn. 2. Dogs are intelligent but not (intelligent) _____as intelligent as______ chimpanzees. 3. They say it's (good) _____better______ to have loved and lost than never to have loved at all.

4. Even (carefully) _____the most carefully_____ prepared plans can go wrong.

4. A. compare

B. compose

C. company

D. consist

5. England isn't (mountainous country) _____as mountainous country as______ Scotland.

5. A. manage

B. recognize

C. argue

D. discriminate

6. Reykjavik is the world's (northern) _____northernest_____ capital city.

III. Choose the best answer A, B, C or D to complete the sentences.

7. Your composition is full of mistakes because you didn't spend half (time) ____more

1. There are some things Americans would change, and ____ thing people would change is their

time_____ on it ____than____ you should have!

education.

8. Don't worry, you'll be OK with Gary, he's (careful driver) ____the most careful driver___

A. the biggest

B. a big

C. the

D. a bigger

you could wish to have.

2. ____ people from England who went to live in North America nearly 400 years ago were

9. In the Alto Adige region of Italy, German dialect is spoken much (frequently) ____more frequently than___ Italian.

called Pilgrims.

10. Sumo wrestlers must be (heavy) ____the heaviest____ athletes in the world.

3. In our tradition, when people mention "matter of betel and areca” they are talking about ____

II. Complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the first sentence, using the superlative form of the adjectives given.

issue.

1. Russia is bigger than any other country in the world. (big)

4. Cultural diversity makes our country ____ by making it a ____ place in which to live.

Russia is the biggest country in the world. 2. Many people believe that no sea in the world is warmer than the Red Sea. (warm) Many people believe that the Red Sea is the warmest in the world.

A. a

A. unmarried

B. x

B. married

C. an

C. marry

D. the

D. marriage

A. rich - more interesting

B. richest - most interesting

C. richer - most interesting

D. richer - more interesting

5. These people wanted to start ____ new life in ____ new country, but they faced a lot of difficulties because they didn't know anything about the new land.

3. The Nile is longer than any other river in the world. (long) The Nile is the longest river in the world.

A. a – a

B. a – a

C. a – the

D. the – a

6. Nations where there is much cultural diversity can also sometimes be known as a ____.

4. No ocean in the world is deeper than the Pacific. (deep) The Pacific is the deepest ocean in the world. 5. Mount Everest is higher than every mountain in the world. (high) Mount Everest is the highest mountain in the world.

A. multi-ethnic society

B. multidimensional problem

C. multicultural society

D. cultural uniformity

7. In Portugal, walking backwards will bring bad luck, because it paves ____ way for ____ devil

PART 3: TEST YOURSELF

to enter.

I. Find the word which has a different sound in the part underlined.

A. the - the

B. a - the

C. a - a

D. the - a

1. A. inventor

B. lecture

C. examine

D. second

8. The Pilgrims didn't know how to grow ____ food or build ____ homes, so a lot of them

2. A. doctor

B. provide

C. adopt

D. sponsor

became very ill.

3. A. biology

B. invention

C. discovery

D. digestion

A. a - a

B. X - X

C. a - the

D. the - a

4. A. discovered

B. studied

C. invented

D. entered

9. To many ____ street vendors, the success of their day is determined by how it starts and by

5. A. carry

B. rabies

C. cat

D. battle

their first customer.

II. Choose the word which has a different stress pattern from the others. 1. A. swallow

B. survive

C. digest

D. finish

2. A. product

B. satisfy

C. pleasure

D. however

3. A. happiness

B. rewrite

C. eject

D. oblige

A. superstitiously superstitious

B. supernatural

C. superstition

10. In Russia, there is ____ belief that unmarried people should avoid sitting at ____ corner of ____ table because they will find difficulties finding their life partner and will not get married.

11. On one spring day, ____ Pilgrims met two native Americans, Squanto and Samoset, who

A. a - the - the

bride and groom go on their honeymoon immediately after (8) ___the____ wedding reception. Nowadays, (9) ___the__ majority of couples wait for a few days before they leave on

could speak English.

honeymoon.

A. an

B. the - the - the

B. the

C. a - a - a

C. a

D. a - a - the

V. Choose the word in the box to complete the text.

D. x

12. One Chinese legend has it that the Jade Emperor asked for twelve representatives of the animal species on Earth to be brought to his ____ kingdom. A. heavenly

B. sky

C. heaven

D. space

13. Before the wedding, the groom usually asks his best friend to be his ____, and the bride may have one or more ____.

sarcastic

private

majority

experiences

Additionally

upbringing

counterparts

cultural

punctuality

circumstances

While you may not think it at first, there are numerous (1) ____ cultural ____ difference between the US and the UK that you will likely encounter. In general, Americans are much more open than Britons. Friends and even acquaintances

A. best man - bridesmaids

B. best man - housemaids

discuss personal thoughts and opinions that might seem private in the UK. Do not feel

C. closest man best maids

D. good man - best maids

embarrassed if an American asks you a seemingly (2) _____ private ______ question. He or she is most likely sincerely curious about your thoughts and feelings and is assuming you would like

14. Squanto and Samoset became ____ friends with the Pilgrims and gave them a lot of ____ advice about how to grow food and build homes to make their lives easier. A. a - a

B. X - X

C. a - the

D. the - a

15. However, another version says the ____ of the 12 animals in the Chinese horoscope was decided thousands of years ago by Buddha, who called for a New Year's meeting of animals. A. site

B. pan

C. order

D. position

16. They had ____ food and ____ warm homes for the winter, so they wanted to say thank you to their native American friends. A. a - a

B. x - x

C. a - the

D. the - a

17. People from ____ cultures bring language skills, new ways of thinking, and creative solutions to difficult problems. A. diversify

B. diversification

C. diverse

diversity 18. No one knows the real origins of the Chinese ____ representing the cycles of the lunar year. A. horoscope

B. cycle

C. stars

D. space

to share them. You may learn more about your American friends than you wanted to know, or you may hear more childhood stories than you care to listen to. Americans will be interested in your (3) ____ experiences _____ and background as well since your (4) ____ upbringing ____ may differ greatly from theirs. In addition to more frequent discussion about their personal lives, there is often a greater display of photographs, and posters in dorm rooms or office spaces. The sense of humour differs from one side of the Atlantic to the other. Americans tend to be less dry or (5) ______ sarcastic _____. Some Americans may feel offended if they do not understand your humour, but after a brief explanation they will be laughing along with you. Americans tend to believe that individuals control their (6) ____ circumstances ____ how much they work. This work ethic is reflected in American attitudes towards academic. Don't be surprised if you meet students who spend a vast (7) ______ majority _____ of their free time studying in the library. Americans also tend to care much more for punctuality than their UK (8) ____

IV. Fill in the gap with "a" or "the" to complete the passage.

counterparts ____. Everything from classes to a lunch date is expected to start right on time.

(1) ___A___ wedding is the ceremony where (2) __a__ couple gets married. On their wedding day, (3) ____the___ bride and groom may exchange wedding gifts or rings. Before the

Along with (9) ____ punctuality ____ most Americans move at a faster pace than that in the UK. For example, dinners at a restaurant, even a sit-down restaurant, can be finished in under a

wedding, the groom usually asks his brother, best friend or father to be his best man. (4)

half-hour. (10) ___ Additionally ____ you will not have to ask for the bill. It will be brought to you as soon as it is clear to your waiter or waitress that you are finished ordering more items.

___the__ best man helps the groom get ready for (5) ___the___ ceremony and makes sure nothing goes wrong at the wedding. The bride may have one or more bridesmaids. The bridesmaid keeps (6) __the___ bride calm, helps her get ready and looks after her dress. After the wedding ceremony, there is usually (7) ___a____ reception for the guests. Traditionally, the

VI. Choose the word or phrase among A, B, C or D that best fits the blank space in the following passage.

JAPANESE WEDDING CUSTOMS

access

(v):

The Japanese (1) ____ of “san-san-kudo”, the three-by-three exchange is rich with (2)

application

(n):

ứng dụng

____. It is performed by the bride and groom and both sets of cups. The first 3 represent three

concentrate

(v):

tập trung

couples, the bride and (3) ____, and their parents. The second 3 represent three human

device

(n):

thiết bị

weaknesses: hatred, passion, and ignorance. “Ku” or 9 is a lucky number in Japanese cultural, and “do” means escape from the three weaknesses.

digital

(adj):

kỹ thuật số

disadvantage

(n):

nhược/ khuyết điểm

Another highlight of this ceremony is a rosary with 21 beads that represent the couple, their families and the Buddha all joined on one string to symbolize the (4) ____ of the families. Part of the ceremony involves honoring the parents with (5) ____ of flowers, a toast, or a letter expressing their (6) ____ and gratitude. The crane is a symbol of longevity and prosperity and so 1,001 gold origami cranes are folded to bring (7) ____, good fortune, longevity, and peace to the marriage.

truy cập

educate

(v):

giáo dục

+ education

(n):

nền giáo dục

+ educational

(adj):

có tính/ thuộc giáo dục

fingertip

(n):

đầu ngón tay

identify

(v):

nhận dạng

improve

(v):

cải thiện, cải tiến

instruction

(n):

hướng dẫn, chỉ dẫn

native

(adj):

(thuộc) bản ngữ

the number four sounds like the word for (9) ____ . Additionally, the different foods served all have special meanings, for example lobster might be several because red is a (10) ____ color or

portable

(adj):

xách tay, có thể mang theo

software

(n):

phần mềm

clams served with both shells symbolize the couple's union.

syllable

(n):

âm tiết

The bride traditionally wears two outfits: the shiro, which is a white kimono worn for the (8) ____ and the uchikake kimono which is a patterned brocade worn at the reception. Plenty of courses are served during the reception, but never in a multiple of four because

1. A. bride

B. ritual

C. law

D. difference

technology

(n):

công nghệ

2. A. meaning

B. regulation

C. multiple

D. note

touch screen

(n.phr):

màn hình cảm ứng

3. A. condition

B. culture

C. relation

D. groom

voice recognition

(n.phr):

nhận dạng giọng nói

4. A. location

B. shell

C. union

D. gratitude

B. GRAMMAR REVIEW I. RELATIVE PRONOUNS

5. A. wraps

B. proves

C. offers

D. improves

6. A. love

B. make

C. hate

D. life

1. Who: dùng để thay thế cho danh từ chỉ người, làm chủ ngữ trong mệnh đề quan hệ, sau Who

7. A. nervous

B. sad

C. luck

D. bad

là "be/V".

8. A. inclusion

B. ceremony

C. approach

D. creation

9. A. life

B. depth

C. wedding

D. death

10. A. trouble

B. problem

C. confliction

D. lucky

Ex:

The man is Mr. Pike. He is standing over there. => The man whois standing over there is Mr. Pike.

2. Whom: dùng để thay thế cho danh từ chỉ người, làm tân ngữ trong mệnh đề quan hệ, sau Whom là "a clause". Ex:

That is the girl. I told you about her. => That is the girl whom I told you about.

Unit 8. NEW WAYS TO LEARN - KEY PART 1: VOCABULARY AND GRAMMAR REVIEW A. VOCABULARY

Note: Whom làm tân ngữ có thể được bỏ đi trong mệnh đề quan hệ xác định. 3. Which: which dùng để thay thế cho danh từ chỉ vật, làm chủ ngữ hoặc tân ngữ trong mệnh đề quan hệ.

Ex:

The dress is very beautiful. I bought it yesterday.

2. A. distract

B. tablet

C. backpack

D. debate

=> The dress which I bought yesterday is very beautiful.

3. A. decoy

B. educate

C. concord

D. decrease

Note: Which làm tân ngữ có thể được bỏ đi trong mệnh đề quan hệ xác định.

4. A. expensive

B. encounter

C. excellent

D. encourage

4. That: là đại từ chỉ cả người và vật, đứng sau danh từ để làm chủ ngữ hoặc tân ngữ trong mệnh

5. A. operate

B. consider

C. conclude

D. correct

đề quan hệ.

II. Choose the word which has a different stress pattern from the others.

Ex:

This is the book. I like it best.

1. A. identify

B. critical

C. technology

D. eliminate

=> This is the book that I like best.

2. A. continue

B. amazing

C. annoying

D. calculate

3. A. disappear

B. defining

C. distracting

D. specific

4. A. remember

B. embarrass

C. disappoint

D. defining

5. A. Internet

B. creative

C. portable

D. benefit

Note: + Sau dấu phẩy không bao giờ dùng that + That luôn được dùng sau các danh từ hỗn hợp (gồm cả người lẫn vật) everything, something, anything, all little, much, none và sau dạng so sánh nhất. 5. Whose: là đại từ quan hệ chỉ sở hữu. Whose đứng trước danh từ chỉ người hoặc vật và thay

B. VOCABUALRY AND GRAMMAR

thế cho tính từ sở hữu hoặc sở hữu cách trước danh từ. Sau whose là 1 danh từ.

I. Complete the sentences, using relative clauses.

Ex:

John found a cat. Its leg was broken.

1. On the classroom blog, a teacher can upload video and image illustrations on specific

=> John found a cat whose leg was broken.

subjects,which/ who can help students learn easily.

II. RELATIVE ADVERBS

2. Parents whose/ who have to pay for mobile devices may be happy with the new method of

1. When: dùng để thay thế cho danh từ chỉ thời gian, When được thay cho at/on/in + danh từ

teaching and its benefits.

thời gian hoặc then.

3. Students will enjoy doing many activities, including games, puzzles, who/ whose purposes are

Ex:

May Day is a day. People hold a meeting on that day.

the development of team spirits.

=> May Day is a day when people hold a meeting.

4. Several students which/ who are able to touch and interact with the smart table at the same time will work together more effectively.

2. Where: dùng để thay thế cho danh từ chỉ nơi chốn, When được thay cho at/on/in + danh từ nơi chốn hoặc there. Ex:

5. The learning applications which/ who students can participate in using the smart table will

Do you know the country? I was born.

encourage them to work together to solve problems. 6. There are interactive activities which/ who are available to be downloaded from the Internet.

=> Do you know the country where I was born? 3. Why: dùng để thay thế cho danh từ chỉ lí do. Why thay cho for which. Ex:

7. The smart table has been used in several schools, which/ who brings many benefits to our

I don't know the reason. She left him alone.

students.

=> I don't know the reason why she left him alone.

8. It is an electronic device which/ who students can start using as soon as the teacher has turned it on, without a lot of training earlier.

PART 2: EXERCISES A. PHONETICS

9. Teachers which/ who introduce activities to the whole class can work with smaller groups on

I. Find the word which has a different sound in the part underlined.

the smart table to introduce discussions about the subject matter.

1. A. blow

B. modern

C. electronic

D. concentrate

10. The applications which/ who come with the smart table can help students learn various subjects at school. II. Put the correct word in the box to complete the sentences below. physical

electronic

benefits

digital

motivate

personal

1. Laptops and wireless technologies allow students to access ___information__ relevant to class topics immediately.

INFORM

1. The phrase ‘____digital_____ natives' refers to people who are familiar with computers and

relative

technology

defining

applications

disruptive

mobile

the Internet from an early age.

2. By allowing our students to use digital devices in class, we are

CRITIC

2. The Internet will ______motivate_______ students to study more effectively.

creating an opportunity to teach them to think ____critically____

3. Please don't ask him questions about his family. He hates answering _____personal_____ questions.

about technology use in their education and life.

4. Our students are very excited when they have opportunities to do _____physical_____

students about media use.

exercise.

4. Most of the teachers see the new classroom technology as

5. My son, who is a promising pianist, is now interested in composing ____electronic_____

_____useful______ in the educational process.

music. 6. Many teachers have now understood the _____benefits______ that mobile devices can bring.

5. Almost every question students have in class is at their fingertips, ________

3. Digital devices offer an opportunity to ____educate_____

7. I'm looking for some new ____applications_____ to put on my smartphone to improve my

_____keeping____ them connected with what is going on around

English pronunciation.

them.

8. The ringing sound from mobile phones is _____disruptive_____ and annoying in the classroom.

6. The iPad, which is much more _____portable_____ than the laptop, has the same multi-touch interface as the iPod Touch.

9. People are now familiar with the term m-learning or ____mobile____ learning, which focuses

7. Students who are English-language ____learners____ benefit

on the use of personal electric devices.

greatly from using specialized programs on their laptops.

10. In the grammar part of this unit we study _____relative_____ clauses. 11. That laptop, which has the latest ____technology______, is very expensive.

8. Teachers are always looking at new ways to develop and ____improve____ their teaching.

12. Some of my classmates think that it is not easy to know which clause is _____defining____

9. With the easy Internet access and a variety of educational apps,

and which is non-defining.

smartphones have become the tools ____necessary____ to improve

III. Use 'who', 'which', 'that' or 'whose' to complete each of the sentences.

student learning.

1. Vinh, _____who_____ is only two and a half, likes to play games on a tablet.

10. With its high- ____resolution____ touch screen, the iPad is very useful for many tasks in class.

2. My tablet, ______which______ is two years old, still works quite well. 3. Personal electronic devices ____which____ distract students from their class work are banned

V. Choose the best answer A, B, C or D to complete the sentences.

in most schools.

1. I see some girls ____ are pretty.

4. Students _____who___ have smartphones can use them to look up words in an electronic

A. whom

B. which

dictionary.

2. Give back the money ____ you took.

5. Some scientists think that children _____whose____ parents allow them to use electronic devices early will have more advantages in the future.

3. He was killed by a man ____ friends we know.

6. The laptop ____whose____ cover is decorated with funny animals belongs to my aunt. IV. Use the word given in capitals at the end of each line to form a word that fits in the gap in the same line.

A. it A. whose

B. who B. which

EDUCATION USE KEEP PORT LEARN IMPROVEMENT NECESSITY RESOLUTELY

C. who

D. they

C. whom

D. which

C. whom

D. that

4. He spoke to the messengers with ____ you were leaving. A. which

B. whom

C. whose

D. that

5. We captured a town ____ is in Spain. A. whom

B. where

C. which

18. Many teachers have worked to chance their traditional classrooms into an environment ____ students can use the latest technology for their learning process.

D. it

A. whose

6. The farmers ____ we saw were in the field. A. whose

B. which B. to that

C. for whom

D. for that

C. whom

D. that

devices.

C. whom

D. he

VI. Identify the one underlined word or phrase that must be changed to make the sentence

C. whom

D. who

A. that

A. who

B. which B. which

synthesize and evaluate information. B. lessons - ability

C. software - ability

D. software

- knowledge 12. E-books are typically ____ through a student's personal device, such as a notebook, tablet or cellphone. A. concentrated

B. accessed

C. made

D. stored

13. Students can also use word processing applications to ____ their vocabulary. A. improve

B. learn

C. prove

B. whom

D. fond

15. When used the right way, mobile technology has the ____ to help students learn more and B. advantage

C. development

4. This novel, which written by a well known writer, shouldbe read. → written A

5. My friend George, that arrived late, was not permittedto enter the class. → who B

6. This is theonly placewhich we can obtain scientific information. → where A

A A

B. which

C. who

D. whose

17. The school maintains learning profiles ____ provide detailed information about each student's strengths and weaknesses, ____ teachers use to personalize learning. B. they - that

C. that - which

D. whose - they

8. Chemistry isone branch of science on thatmost of the industries depend. → which

his blog.

A. who - that

3. The man whom remained in the office was the manager. → who

D. potential

16. Mr. Brown has created a list of the most useful apps for the classroom, ____ is available on A. that

7. I don't know where could hehave gone to so earlyin the morning. → why he could

understand that knowledge. A. ability

from whom

A C. available

D. which

2. Tobacco was usedceremonially by the Indians, whom from settlers borrowed it as a luxury. →

on iPhones, iPads, and iPods. B. keen

C. whose

that

D. study

14. While not all apps are ____ on Android devices, the large majority of them can be accessed A. useful

D. whom

1. On the way home, we saw a lot of men, women, and dogs which were playing in the park. →

11. While a child learns how to use educational ____, she also develops a(n) ____ to analyze, A. lessons – knowledge

C . whose

correct.

10. I saw those slaves ____ had been led to the city. A. whose

B. who

20. Some teachers ____ levels of IT are not very high may resist teaching with electronic

B. whose

9. The man ____ you sent to the general has reported the victory. A. whose

D. that

D. whom

8. I know a boy ____ name is John. A. who

C. where

C. they

7. The women ____ I gave the money were glad. A. to whom

B. who

19. My youngest son, ____ may be quiet or shy in a classroom, may become active in a social learning situation made possible by digital devices.

9. 1975 is the year in whenthe revolutiontook place. → which A

10. Mr. Brown, thatteaches me English, is comingtoday. → who A

C. READING I. Fill each of the numbered blanks in the following passage. Use only one word in each

An electric translator or (5) ____ dictionary is an excellent tool one can use when traveling on a vacation, on a business trip, studying languages, conversing with foreign people,

space.

and in a variety of other situations. Many devices have a number of attributes that include sites

settings

ways

taken

application

horizons

virtual

whether

potential

that

Young children are increasingly using tablets as well as smartphones and other devices with touch screens in early education (1) ___ settings __ and with family members. Tammy and Rose, age 4, have been studying sunflowers with their classmates. They want to sing and record a song about sunflowers while creating a drawing, using a(n) (2) ___ application ___ on the tablet. The girls have coordinated their efforts and are happy with the result. To help the class learn more about sunflowers, Kathryn, Tammy and Rose's teacher, used the tablet to find online (3) ____sites____ with photos and facts. She then took the children on a (4) ___ virtual ____ tour of Van Gogh's sunflower paintings. They read and discussed an

advanced text-to-speech and voice recognition technologies. There are many good-quality electronic dictionaries on the market. (6) ____ on which one you purchase, there is an extensive range of vocabulary that can include up to one million words or (7) ____. There are also electronic dictionaries that contain common expressions and phrases, grammar references, and much more. Two popular hand-held English electronic dictionaries include the Talking Electronic Dictionary and the Audio Phrasebook. They include hundreds of thousands of words, definitions, and thesaurus entries. You can view the word on the screen and hear it spoken. It is likely that you have your own language (8) ____. Just speak into the device and you will be provided with an (9) ____ translation voice response. Choosing an electronic device that helps you learn English has made learning and speaking English easier, faster, and more enjoyable. Before you purchase a device, make sure you research each product to find the English learning tool that (10) ____ your lifestyle.

electronic picture book about Van Gogh's life. The children had already examined real sunflowers and their parts, made sketches, read informational texts and stories, counted seeds,

1. A. asks

B. ceremonies

C. requests

D. devices

and (5) ______taken_____ part in a variety of investigations, touching on every learning

2. A. bride

B. regulations

C. download

D. notes

domain. The teacher's use of the tablet together with early practical learning activities expanded

3. A. condition

B. great

C. relation

D. wealth

the children's (6) _____ horizons ____. Activities offered on the tablet provided new (7) ____ways____ for the children to represent and share what they learned.

4. A. beans

B. boxes

C. presents

D. locations

5. A. bad

B. electronic

C. luck

D. interest

Tablets have the (8) _____ potential ______ to be powered tools for early learning. The

6. A. Depending

B. allows

C. stops

D. refuses

C. more

D. divorce D. apartment

choices we make about how they are used determine (9) ____ whether _____ the technology is

7. A. existence

B. dead

helpful or not. We need to develop “digital literacy” skills and decide how to use these new tools

8. A. flat

B. interpreter

C. house

in ways (10) ______that______ can support every child's healthy development and learning.

9. A. intelligible

B. contribution

C. difficulty

D. reception

II. Choose the word or phrase among A, B, C or D that best fits the blank space in the

10. A. troubles

B. problems

C. ovals

D. complements

following passage. ELECTRONIC DEVICES THAT HELP YOU LEARN ENGLISH There are many ways to learn English. With the increase in new technology, many companies are now providing new electronic (1) ____ to help people learn English more quickly. You can (2) ____ the lessons from an English translation Internet site and put them on your iPod. Because it is portable, you can listen and learn anywhere. English audio tapes and English audio CDs are a (3) ____ method of learning English. All you need is a cassette or CD player. You can learn in many (4) ____ including your car.

D. WRITING I. Combine each pair of sentences into one. Use comma (,) if neccessary. 1. The girl looked very upset. Her electronic dictionary broke down. The girl whose electronic dictionary broke down looked very upset. 2. His grandmother had a great influence on his life. She was a hard – working woman. His grandmother, who was a hard – working woman, had a great influence on his life. 3. Mai is interested in physics. I don't like it. Mai is interested in physics, which I don't like. 4. Tom has hundreds of books. They are all in foreign languages.

Tom has hundreds of books, which are all in foreign languages. 5. Shakespeare was a famous playwright. His birthplace was Stratford - upon - Avon. Shakespeare, whose birthplace was Stratford - upon – Avon, was a famous playwright. 6. I will always remember the teacher. He taught me how to read and write. I will always remember the teacher who taught me how to read and write.

5. A. content

B. electricity

C. species

D. sentence

II. Choose the word which has a different stress pattern from the others. 1. A. expensive

B. different

C. personal

D. general

2. A. delicious

B. encourage

C. excited

D. digital

3. A. practical

B. official

C. successful

D. surprising

II. Complete the sentences, using a relative pronoun.

4. A. different

B. imagine

C. relative

D. following

1. The pub is opposite the Town Hall. I first met my wife there.

5. A. astonished

B. religion

C. excellent

D. effective

The pub where I first met my wife is opposite the Town Hall.

III. Choose the best answer A, B, C or D to complete the sentences.

2. He was sitting on a chair. It was uncomfortable.

1. The people ____ courage you praised are now citizens.

He was sitting on a chair which was uncomfortable.

A. whose

3. He smokes cigarettes. They are very strong.

B. which

C. whom

D. that

2. Your folks ____ live in farmhouses do not like the life of the city.

He smokes cigarettes which are very strong.

A. whose

4. Let me see the pictures. You took them at Peter's wedding.

B. who

C. they

D. which

3. Those towns ____ you were looking at in Gaul are small.

Let me see the pictures which you took at Peter's wedding.

A. who

5. Some people only think about money. I don't like them.

B. where

C. which

D. whom

4. In Helvetia I have seen a large city ____ many people live.

I don't like some people who only think about money.

A. at which

6. Do you know that lady? I repaired her car.

B. which

C. on which

D. in which

C. whom

D. A&B

C. whom

D. what

5. Tom, ____ is not my friend is my enemy.

Do you know that lady whose car I repaired?

A. who

B. which

6. I sent my friend the books ____ I had written.

7. That girl is Swedish. Tom is in love with her. That girl is Swedish who Tom is in love with.

A. who

B. which

7. Behind the farmhouse there was a large garden, ____ the farmer and his sons were working

8. John has bought a house. There are ghosts in that house. John has bought a house where/ in which there are ghosts.

A. for which

B. which

C. in which

D. that

C. from whom

D. to that

8. Did you see the men ____ I gave the money?

9. Some people drive drunk. I never travel with them. I never travel with some people who drive drunk.

A. to whom

10. A man stole £10,000 from a bank. The police have caught him.

B. which

9. She sends me the book ____ she ____ two years ago.

A man whom the police have caught stole £10,000 from a bank. PART 3: TEST YOURSELF

A. whom / writes

B. whose /wrote

C. which/ writes

D. which / wrote

C. whose

D. which

10. The man ____ spoke to John is my brother.

I. Find the word which has a different sound in the part underlined. 1. A. throw

B. though

C. thick

D. thought

2. A. check

B. cheese

C. chemistry

D. cherry

3. A. result

B. evolution

C. hundred

D. button

4. A. hear

B. read

C. mean

D. reach

A. whom

B. who

11. A teacher can create a classroom blog ____ they post notes and assignments for students. A. where

B. that

C. who

D. whose

12. Students ____ seem to be taking notes on their laptop are sometimes surfing the Internet in class.

A. who

B. which

C. whose

D. they

13. Notebooks, tablets and cellphones are all technology ____ students are accustomed to and can use as learning aids. A. when

digital B. whose

C. that

D. where

14. All smartphones ____ storage hardware is big can store downloaded audio books. A. which

6. The woman ______ who ____ you have just spoken to is my favourite English teacher. V. Complete the sentences with the following given words.

B. who

C. whose

D. that

personal

mobile

technology

electronic

applications

1. My son, who is a promising pianist, is now interested in composing _____ electronic ______ music. 2. Please don't ask him questions about his family. He hates answering ______ personal ____

15. Science teachers ____ use the 3D projectors and other electronic devices can easily illustrate

questions.

the lessons.

3. The phrase ‘_____digital_____ natives' refers to people who are familiar with computers and the Internet from an early age.

A. whom

B. what

C. who

D. whose

16. Letting students use their own digital devices in class can improve the ____ experience in

4. I'm looking for some new ____ applications ___ to put on my smartphone to improve my

many ways.

English pronunciation.

A. educated

B. educational

C. uneducated

D. educator

17. The use of mobile apps in learning has been very ____. A. stressing

B. wasteful

C. promising

5. That laptop, which has the latest _____ technology _____, is very expensive. 6. People are now familiar with the term m - learning or ____mobile____ learning, which

D. dangerous

18. We are looking to find ____ ways to stimulate learning and continually trying to improve the

focuses on the use of personal electronic devices. VI. Choose the word in the box to complete the text. access to

enable

both

make

up to us

A. portable and mobile

B. new and creative

tool

teach

have seen

environments

through

C. ineffective and inappropriate

D. shocking and amazing

Technology has become an essential (1) _____tool____ in our lives. Schools should find

way we teach.

19. Mobile devices increase opportunities for learning after school hours and increase

subjects as well as (2) ____enable____ teachers to explain subjects in detail using visual

teachers’____ and their comfort levels with technology. A. behavior

B. lines

C. ability

ways of integrating new technologies into classrooms so that students find it easy to learn new

D. paths

20. The teacher was surprised to discover that his students are quieter and more focused on their assignments when they are allowed to listen to their soft music during ____. A. private work

B. private homework

C. individual homework

D. individual classwork

formats. Using technological devices like computers will (3) _____make______ education more fun and interesting for the students. The past ten years (4) ___have seen____ tremendous change in educational technologies and it is time to bring these technologies to our students in the classroom so that they learn easily and efficiently. Teachers will need to learn how to use these technologies so that they (5) ____teach_____ their students on how to use them.

IV. Use 'who', 'which', 'that' or 'whose' to complete each of the sentences.

We have seen that private business community has found ways of improving the way we learn by creating educational applications for (6) ____both_____ computers and mobile phones.

1. People ____ whose ____ work involves using a computer for most of the day may suffer from headaches.

With a good use of these applications, schools can improve on how students learn and how they

2. Mr Xuan Truong, _____ who ______ was my first teacher, received an award for teaching

academic information.

excellence.

get (7) _____access to______

3. That's Peter, _____ whose _____ father has just come back from the Philipines.

New application like YouTube can be used in video and visual education. If a student can learn (8) _____through____ visual or video illustrations, they will always remember that subject

4. That media player, _____ which _____ I often use to practise English, has some great apps.

being explained, because the brain can easily understand and remember visual objects.

5. The house _____ which ______ my father built is big.

The development of online and offline educational (9) ___ environments ___ will make learning so simple. Now it is (10) ___up to us___ to apply these educational technologies in the

7. A. each

B. possibility of

C. method of

8. A. about

B. which

C. of

D. for

classroom and make learning easier.

9. A. settings

B. sights

C. surroundings

D. any

VII. Choose the word or phrase among A, B, C or D that best fits the blank space in the

10. A. up to our

B. time to us

C. methods

D. in time

D. right about

following passage. Electronic learning is a technology of education that implies self-motivation, communication, efficiency, and technology. E-learning is effective as it (1) ____ distances because the e-learning content is designed (2) ____ media that can be (3) ____ from properly equipped computers, and other means of internet accessible technology. E-learning has its own advantages. However, the most important advantages (4) ____

Unit 9. PRESERVING THE ENVIRONMENT - KEY

in the reduction of time, efforts and cost. Furthermore, we can talk about the following (5) ____ of E-learning with the increasing of communication between the student and themselves and between the student and the school a

PART 1: VOCABULARY AND GRAMMAR REVIEW A. VOCABULARY

fast and easy way is needed to bring everybody together.

aquatic

(adj)

Throughout different directions such as discussing forums, e-mail, and chat rooms, (6) ____ think that these things increase and motivate students to participate and react with the

article

(n)

dưới nước, sống ở trong nước bài báo

chemical

(n)/ (adj)

hóa chất, hóa học

subjects in question.

confuse

(v)

làm lẫn lộn, nhầm lẫn

Another advantage of e-learning as that it makes all students feel equal. Since the communication tools give (7) ____ students the opportunity to express his own opinion clearly

+ confusion

(n)

sự lẫn lộn, nhầm lẫn

consumption

(n)

sự tiêu thụ, tiêu dùng

contaminate

(v)

làm bẩn, nhiễm

damage

(v)

làm hại, làm hỏng

deforestation

(n)

sự phá rừng, sự phát quang

and directly at any time without being embarrassed, in contrary to the traditional teaching halls (8) ____ don't have such a feature due to the bad distribution of the tables or because of shyness or other reasons. E-learning provides teachers with great facilities that are accessible out of working hours, that is because the learner can send the inquiries to the teacher through the e-mail at (9) ____ time, yet this feature is more useful and suitable for the teacher instead of being instead of being

degraded

(adj)

giảm sút chất lượng

deplete

(v)

làm suy yếu, cạn kiệt

restricted at his desk.

+ depletion

(n)

sự suy yếu, cạn kiệt

destruction

(n)

sự phá hủy, tiêu diệt

communication (10) ____ without the need to be available in a specific place or time.

ecosystem

(n)

hệ sinh thái

1. A. instrument

D. eliminates

editor

(n)

biên tập viên

D. makes

fertilizer

(n)

phân bón

D. accessed

fossil fuel

(n.phr)

nhiên liệu hóa thạch (làm từ sự phân hủy của động

By e-learning the attendance is not necessary as the new technology provides the

2. A. with 3. A. add

B. equipment B. enables B. put

C. machine C. make C. cause

4. A. see

B. saw

C. lay

D. has seen

5. A. ask

B. advantages

C. learn

D. request

6. A. only

B. either

C. researchers

D. not only

vật hay thực vật tiền sử) global warming

(n.phr)

sự nóng lên toàn cầu

greenhouse effect

(n.phr)

hiệu ứng nhà kính

influence

(v,n)

ảnh hưởng, tác dụng

inorganic

(adj)

vô cơ

long-term

(adj)

dài hạn, lâu dài

mass-media

(n.phr)

truyền thông đại chúng

pesticide

(n)

thuốc trừ sâu

polar ice melting

S + asked + (sb) + if / whether + Mệnh đề lùi thì Ex:

I asked Diep if she could speak English. 4. Wh-Question Form: S + asked + (sb) + Wh + Mệnh đề lùi thì

sự tan băng ở địa cực

pollute

(v)

gây ô nhiễm

+ pollutant

(n)

chất ô nhiễm

+ pollution

(n)

sự ô nhiễm

preserve

(y)

giữ gìn, bảo tồn

+ preservation

(n)

sự bảo tồn, duy trì

"Can you speak English, Diep?" I asked.

Ex:

“Where are you from?” He asked me He asked me where I were from.

5. Không lùi thì Form: S+ V (hiện tại) + (sb) + Mệnh để không lùi thì Ex:

“I'm very exhausted now” she says. She says she is very exhausted now.

protect

(v)

bảo vệ, che chở

+ protection

(n)

sự bảo vệ, che chở

* BẢNG LÙI THÌ

sewage

(n)

nước cống

DIRECT SPEECH

REPORTED SPEECH

solution

(n)

giải pháp, cách giải quyết

Simple present

Simple past

vegetation

(n)

cây cỏ, thực vật

Present continuous

Past continuous

B. GRAMMAR REVIEW

Present perfect

Past perfect

I. REPORTED SPEECH

Simple past

Past perfect

1. Statement: Câu tường thuật

Past continuous

Past perfect continuous

Future (will/shall)

Future in the past (would/ should)

Form: S + asked / told sb + that + Mệnh đề lùi thì Ex:

Near future (be going to V)

Was/were going to V

“I will come back tomorrow” Mary said.

Can

Could

Mary said that she would come back the next day.

May

Might

Note: said => said that / said to sb => told sb that

Must

Had to

Needn’t

Didn’t have to

2. Command: Câu yêu cầu, đề nghị

* BẢNG LÙI TRẠNG NGỮ

Form:

DIRECT SPEECH

REPORTED SPEECH

“Don't talk in class” The teacher said to us.

this

that

The teacher told us not to talk in class.

these

those

here

there

now

then

S+ asked / told + sb + (not) + to V Ex:

3. Yes / No Questions Form:

ago

before (earlier)

today

that day

tonight

that night

tomorrow

the next day

Tom told his sister that he wanted to buy a gift for thier mother. 3. Mrs Brown said “Where are they living?" Mrs Brown asked where they were living. 4. “Do you know the girl over there?" Tom said.

the following day

Tom asked me if I knew the girl over there.

the day after yesterday

5. Mother said "Nam, why don't you go to bed?”

the previous day

Mother told Nam not to go to bed.

the day before next + N

6. “May I use your telephone?" said my neighbor.

the following + N

My neighbor asked me to use my telephone.

the N + after last + N

7. The manager said “Come into my office, please?

the previous + N

The manager asked to come in to his office.

the N + before

8. “Do not get off the bus while it's going” said the driver.

PART 2: EXERCISES

The driver asked us not to get off the bus while it was going.

A. PHONETICS I. Find the word which has a different sound in the part underlined. 1. A. government

B. borrowing

2. A. polar

B. land

3. A. possession

B. access

4. A. release 5. A. preserve

C. program C. impact

9. She asked to the little boy "Take a look at yourself in the mirror!” D. promotion

D. animal

She told the little boy to take a look at himself in the mirror. 10. “Don't put your elbow on the table!” he said.

C. property

D. American

He asked me not to put my elbow on the table.

B. easy

C. threat

D. increase

II. Put the correct word for the sentences below.

B. conserve

C. fossil

D. discuss

II. Choose the word which has a different stress pattern from the others.

deforestation

preserve

greenhouse effect

fossil fuels

damage

depletion

pollute

global warming

B. charity

C. chemical

D. neighbourhood

2. A. submarine

B. assignment

C. disposal

D. depletion

1. The ____ greenhouse effect _____ occurs when the earth's atmosphere traps certain gases such as carbon dioxide as well as water vapour. This makes the earth's surface warmer.

3. A. chemical

B. solution

C. disposal

D. erosion

2. ______Damage________ is harm or injury that makes something less valuable or able to

4. A. scientist

B. chemical

C. injury

D. announcement

5. A. evidence

B. principle

C. allergy

D. awareness

1. A. protection

B. VOCABUALRY AND GRAMMAR I. Change into the reported speech. 1. He said “I have already read this book”. He said that he had already read that book. 2. Tom said to his sister “I want to buy a gift for our mother”.

function. 3. To ______ preserve ________ is to keep and protect something from damage, change or waste. 4. ____ Fossil fuels ______ are non-renewable energy sources such as coal, fuel oil and natural gas formed from dead plants and animals underground. 5. ___ Global warming ____ is the gradual increase of temperature on the earth's surface due to greenhouse effect. 6. ______ Depletion ______ is the using up or reducing something like energy or resources. 7. To _____pollute_______ is to make air, water, or soil dirty or unclean.

8. ____ Deforestation _____ is the removal or cutting down of all trees in an area for urban use and farm lands.

but their presence in fresh water changes the nutrient system.

III. Choose the correct words in the bracket to complete the sentences.

increased flooding.

preserved

forestation

confused

erosion

global

environment

attraction

environmental

6. ___Erosion_____ caused by deforestation can also lead to

SUSTAIN

7. The Earth's natural resources should be consumed at a ____sustainable___

DEPLETE

1. Scientists have tried to assess the impact of human activities on the ______ environment

level.

DEFOREST

______.

8. Dealing with resource _____depletion______ requires a broad

2. We should have ____ forestation ____ plans to replace the trees cut down for farmland use in the region.

range of strategies.

3. Oceanic oil spills become a major ____ environmental _____ problem, chiefly a result of intensified petroleum exploitation.

disappear in 100 years at the current rate of ____deforestation_____.

ENVIRONMENT

9. Experts predict that the world's rain forests could completely

4. The rhino habitat has been perfectly _____ preserved _____ in the region.

10. Mining is an extractive industry, often with huge

5. The students are somewhat ____ confused ___ by the usage of the words “preservation” and

____environmental____

“conservation”.

and social impacts.

6. Many climatologists believe that the decline in mountain glaciers is one of the first

V. Choose the best answer A, B, C or D to complete the sentences.

observation signs of _____global____ warming.

1. Jack asked me ____.

7. Rising sea levels can add to the _____ erosion _______ of our coastlines.

A. where do you come from?

B. where I came from

8. Waste water has polluted seas and lakes surrounding tourist ____ attraction _____, damaging the flora and fauna.

C. where I come from

D. where did I come from?

IV. Use the word given in capitals at the end of each line to form a word that fits in the gap in the same line. CONSTRUCT

drainage systems.

LARGE

19th and 20th centuries, ___largely_____ due to the ivory trade and PHYSICS habitat loss.

A. told

D. x

B. tell

C. have told

D. are telling

A. when would she

B. when will she

C. when she will

D. when she would

C. owning

D. A and B

C. to you

D. you

5. Claire told me that her father ____ a race horse. A. owns A. at you

DISPOSE

B. owned B. for you

7. I rang my friend in Australia yesterday, and she said it ____ raining there. A. is

4. In areas with high concentrations of tourist activities and

B. were

C. has been

FERTILIZE

8. The builders have ____ that everything will be ready on time.

ERODE

9. The doctor ____ him to take more exercise.

serious problem. 5. Unlike pesticides, ______fertilizers_____ are not directly toxic

C. if

6. What did that man say ____?

3. The environmental consequences of large dams are numerous,

attractive natural attractions, waste ______disposal______ is a

B. what

4. I wanted to know ____ return home.

2. African and Asian elephant numbers feel dramatically in the

_____physical______ properties of rivers.

A. when

3. The doctor ____ him to take more exercise.

1. In banana plantations, flooding occurs partly because of deforestation and partly because of poorly ____constructed____

including direct impacts to the biological, chemical and

2. She asked me ____ I liked pop music.

A. promised

B. promise

C. promises

D. was D. promising

A. she had written the article on conservation conservation

B. she has written the article on

10. The last time I saw Linda, she looked very relaxed. She explained she'd been on holiday the

A. told ____ week.

C. she wrote the article on conservation

D. did she write the article on

A. ago

B. tell

C. have told

B. following

C. next

D. are telling

conservation

D. previous

VI. Identify the one underlined word or phrase that must be changed to make the sentence

11. Fossil fuels which are non-renewable pollute the air and cause air ____. A. pollution

B. solution

C. contaminate

D. consumption

correct.

12. Recycling provides a method of reducing the amount of waste materials that gets to the

1. The (A) depleteof the ozone layer (B) is not (C) a good thing (D) for the Earth. → depletion

landfills - thus ____ it less probable for environmental pollution to take place.

2. We (A) need (B) to protect the (C) environmentalfor the (D) next generation. → environment

A. making

B. doing

C. causing

3. Deforestation will lead (A) to the extinction of rare (B) animaldue to the loss of (C) their habitats, and (D) extreme floods and land erosion. → animals

D. trying

13. If wastes are thrown ____, they can cause pollution in water, land and air. A. inappropriately

B. disappointingly

C. eco-friendly

4. (A) Worldwide rainforest (B) preservehas (C) been the aim (D) of many environmentalists. →

D. favourably

14. Trees not only bring nature to urban areas, but they also help clean the air by absorbing pollutants, ____ oxygen, ____ water, and grow food. A. to provide - to save

B. to provide - save

C. providing - saving

6. Environmental (A) polluteis (B) one of the greatest and most urgent (C) problems in modern

provide - save 15. Air pollution is such a serious ____ that it has been a direct factor in the ____ of millions of people each year. A. threat - death

preservation 5. (A) Personshould (B) make efforts to preserve the environment (C) for the sake of (D) themselves and their children. → People

B. threat - deaths

C. threaten - death

D. threaten -

(D) times. → pollution 7. Many countries (A) have signed up to international agreements (B) which aim (C) to reduce the negative (D) impaction of climate change. → impact 8. (A) Any amateur (B) gardener knows (C) plantationneed two things (D) to survive: sunlight

deaths

and water. → plants

16. Sometimes it's better not to buy something new, and buy it ____ instead. A. used

B. usable

C. use

D. useful

I. Fill each of the numbered blanks in the following passage. Use only one word in each

17. He asked the children ____ the river. A. don't pollute

B. if they don't pollute

C. not to pollute

D. not

polluting 18. They asked me how many students ____ in the school. A. there were

B. were there

C. READING

C . there are

D. are there

19. He told me that ____. A. he would participate in the conservation campaign yesterday B. he had participated in the conservation campaign the previous day

space. home

balance

way

warming

forests

ecosystems

value

amount

life

PROTECTING BIODIVERSITY Protecting biodiversity is now very essential since biodiversity is crucial for reducing climate pollution. If we don't protect biodiversity, the effects could be as harmful as the effects of global (1) ____warming____ itself. This is especially true with tropical (2) ____forests_____

C. he participated in the conservation campaign the previous day

- they are critical to fighting climate change and (3) ____home___ to more species than any other ecosystem type. In other words, protecting biodiversity is essential for our well-being, and

D. he has participated in the conservation campaign the previous day

biodiversity helps to (4) _____balance______ the nature.

20. He asked, “Why did she write the article on conservation?” He asked why ____.

Biodiversity is an important part of sustainable development. As we know, sustainable development is considered as a major target for industry as well as planning system. However,

the only (5) ____way_____ to achieve this target is to protect biodiversity. Tiny plants that grow also absorb large (6) ____amount_____ of carbon dioxide. That is why protecting diversity is

7. A. which

B. whatever

C. who

D. what

8. A. slogan

B. flag

C. poster

D. brand

essential.

9. A. requests

B. asks

C. carries

D. depends

10. A. from

B. to

C. within

D. in

In fact, biodiversity protection is very much important since biodiversity is a fundamental component of (7) ___life____ on Earth. It creates complex (8) ____ecosystems____ that could never be reproduced by humans. The (9) ___value__ of that biodiversity is immeasurable, and

D. WRITING

thus must be protected. Finally, we both want and need biodiversity. We continue harming the natural environment without realizing the impact. We should be aware (10) ____of___

1. Mr Jones gave the people gloves and said to them: "Protect yourselves from germs."

protecting biodiversity. II. Choose the word or phrase among A, B, C or D that best fits the blank space in the following passage. th

World Environment Day which is (1) ____ on 5 June every year in an important day in the calendar of the United Nations. It is one of the ways the United Nations uses to advocate for environmental (2) ____ and call for political action.

I. Change into the reported speech. Mr Jones gave the people gloves and told them to protect themselves from germs. 2. Nam said, "The environment is severely affected by pollution." Nam said (that) the environment was severely affected by pollution. 3. Mai said, "The burning of fossil fuels leads to air pollution." Mai said (that) the burning of fossil fuels led to air pollution. 4. Peter said, "Intensive insecticide and pesticide sprays in agriculture make the soil

Every year, UNEP (the Environment Program of the United Nations) develops a theme

contaminated."

which is used globally to raise (3) ____ and call for support from governments, organizations, and individuals from all over the world.

contaminated.

The theme for 2015 was "Seven Billion Dreams. One Planet. Consume with Care”. This would also serve as the slogan for the World Environmental Day 2015. The meeting of this theme and slogan is that we have five (4) ____ with more than seven billion people combined. Although we have about 7 billion people, we just have one planet that we live and survive. The surface area is limited, shelter and food also limited. If we continue using the available natural (5) ____ as we do today, our future generations may be (6) ____ to go hungry and without homes. This is why it is of vital importance to consume (7) ____food that is available with care. Stop the wastage and use whatever resource that is available according to need, not greed. “Join the race to make the world a better place” is the theme and (8) ____ for 2016 UN World Environment Day. This slogan (9) ____ a clear message and asks everyone to get involved (10) ____ making the world a better place to live in. 1. A. found

B. acted

C. held

D. celebrated

Peter said (that) intensive insecticide and pesticide sprays in agriculture make the soil 5. "It's confusing because there are too many web pages about the environment" Nam said. Nam said that it was confusing because there were too many web pages about the environment. 6. "Air pollution is one of the causes of the greenhouse effect" scientists said. Scientists said that air pollution was one of the causes of the greenhouse effect. 7. "Pollution is one of the problems in my neighbourhood" Nam said. Nam said that pollution was one of the problems in his neighbourhood. 8. "More people are aware of the preservation of natural resources" the editor said. The editor said that more people were aware of the preservation of natural resources. 9. "We are discussing the protection of the natural environment" the students told their teacher. The students told their teacher that they were discussing the protection of the natural

2. A. experience

B. protection

C. decrease

D. pollution

environment.

3. A. feature

B. activity

C. ability

D. awareness

10. "Use the web search engine to find the information that you need" Nam's father told him.

4. A. areas

B. continents

C. plants

D. stars

5. A. sources

B. resources

C. balances

D. increase

Nam’s father told him to use the web search engine to find the information that he needed.

6. A. had

B. made

C. forced

D. accused

II. Change into the reported speech. 1. Mr Jones was very sad and said "All this rubbish is killing fish and other sea creatures."

Mr Jones was very sad and said that all that rubbish was killing fish and other sea

3. A. energy

B. influence

C. animal

D. employment

creatures.

4. A. pollution

B. depletion

C. property

D. confusion

2. "We can clean the beach together." said Nick.

5. A. advantage

B. editor

C. solution

D. pollutant

Nick said that they could clean the beach together.

III. Choose the best answer A, B, C or D to complete the sentences.

3. "I'll ask our friends and neighbours to come and help us" Mary said to them.

1. Yesterday, Laura ____ him to put some shelves up.

Mary told them that she would ask their friends and neighbours to come and help them. 4. "I'm so happy to hear that, children" Mr Jones said to his children.

A. asked

B. is asking

C. ask

D. was asked

C. admitted that

D. admit that

2. Tom has ____ this story wasn't completely true.

Mr Jones told his children that he was so happy to hear that.

A. admitting that

B. was admitted that

5. Tony said "The disposal of untreated sewage in rivers and oceans leads to water pollution."

3. When I rang Tessa some time last week, she said she was busy ____ day.

Tony said (that) the disposal of untreated sewage in rivers and oceans led to water pollution.

4. I wonder ____ the tickets are on sale yet.

A. that

6. Mary said "Loud and annoying sounds from innumerable vehicles in the highway nearby

A. what

B. the B. when

C. then

D. this

C. where

D. whether

cause noise pollution."

5. Mathew ____ Emma that her train was about to leave.

Mary said (that) loud and annoying sounds from innumerable vehicles in the highway nearby cause noise pollution.

that

7. Mai said "The rising sea level is product of global warming, a natural phenomenon. The only unnatural thing about global warming is the accelerated rate at which it is happening." Mai said (that) the rising sea level was product of global warming, a natural phenomenon. The only unnatural thing about global warming was the accelerated rate at which it was happening. 8. Linda said "Environmental pollution is an impact of human activities on the environment." Linda said (that) environmental pollution was an impact of human activities on the environment.

A. has reminded

B. has reminded that

C. reminded

D. reminded

6. Hello, Jim. I didn't expect to see you today. Sophie said you ____ ill. A. are

B. were

C. was

D. should be

B. says goodbye to me

C. tell me goodbye

7. Ann ____ and left. A. said goodbye to me

told me goodbye 8. I told you ____ to switch off the computer, didn't I? A. don't

B. not

C. not to

D. to not

C. told to

D. told him to

9. Bill was slow, so I ____ hurry up.

PART 3: TEST YOURSELF I. Find the word which has a different sound in the part underlined. 1. A. book

B. look

C. floor

D. good

2. A. contaminate

B. natural

C. damage

D. area

3. A. hate

B. mate

C. cake

D. manage

4. A. contaminate

B. deforest

C. pollute

D. protect

5. A. pesticide

B. impact

C. focus

D. practical

II. Choose the word which has a different stress pattern from the others. 1. A. composer

B. invention

C. position

D. volunteer

2. A. pesticide

B. influence

C. invention

D. violence

A. tell him

B. told him for

10. Sarah was driving too fast, so I ____ to slow down. A. asked her

B. asked

C. ask

D. have asked her

11. You should use electric fans instead of air conditioners ____ they don't emit dangerous gases. A. so

B. but

C. because

12. Kevin told Phong ____ for many years. A. plastic had been popular material for containers B. plastic would be popular material for containers C. plastic has been popular material for containers D. plastic was popular material for containers

D. although

A. plastic may be very harmful

B. plastic had been very harmful

4. The ___ contamination ___ of this river has been proved by scientists to be caused by the dumping of untreated sewage.

C. plastic is too harmful

D. plastic was very harmful

5. Scientists are able to explain the consequences of habitat ____ destruction ___ now.

13. Kevin told Phong, ____ to our environment in several ways.

14. He ____ we could buy or make reusable bags and leave some bags in our bike for shopping. A. said us

B. says to us

C. told us

D. told to us

7. The ___ protection ____ of the environment from threats such as deforestation, the extinction

15. My mother encouraged me ____ for recycling. A. to collect

B. collecting

6. Every year about 15,000 acres of fertile topsoil are washed away in Haiti, which has resulted in massive soil _____ erosion _____.

C. collect

D. should collect

of rare species, pollution and natural resource depletion is one of the WWF's missions.

16. The campaign ____ things like water bottles and aluminum cans into new, useful objects like

8. The ___ deforestation ____ caused during the 20th century made the vegetation in this region,

park benches, bikes, etc.

which has originally a vast forest refuge for innumerable species, disappear.

A. becomes

B. recycles

C. turns

D. comes

17. Fish and poultry have a much lower impact ____ the environment, and other plant proteins are even less damaging ____ the planet. A. on - to

B. on - with

C. x - for

D. of - to

18. We get the energy we require for our everyday needs from many sources, but not all of them are ____. A. ecological

B. economic

C. unharmed

D. eco-friendly

19. Burning garbage ____ dangerous gases to the environment, and this may lead to global warming. A. emits

B. throws

C. sends

D. rejects

20. Individually wrapped candy or chocolate causes a lot of trash, ____ fruits and vegetables are healthier and mean less waste. A. because

B. while

C. so

1. The energy consume / consumption of the community has increased since the new resort was built. 2. Over - exploitation of oil will lead to the depletion / deplete of this natural resources. 3. Aware / Awareness of environmental preservation should be raised in the public as well as in education. 4. We should protection / protect the limited or non-renewable natural resources for our future generations. 5. Water is one of the limited natural resources which can run out soon. All efforts should be made to preserve / preservation it. 6. Disposal of solid waste into the local river has been the cause of water pollute / pollution in this area. VI. Choose the word in the box to complete the text.

D. as

IV. Choose the correct words in the bracket to complete the sentences. protection

depletion

pollution

erosion

destruction

deforestation

consumption

contamination

1. The ____ consumption ____ of fossil fuels has gradually increased in many countries which is concern for many environmentalists. 2. The increase in cases of skin cancer has been recorded in parallel with ozone layer ____ depletion __. 3. Intensive pesticide and fertilizer spays used in agriculture have resulted in the serious ___ pollution ___ of water, soil and air.

V. Complete the sentences using the correct words in brackets.

aquatic

accumulated

catchment

pollutants

sustain

containing

discharged

rubbish

channels

insecticides

RIVER POLLUTION River pollution occurs when (1) ____ pollutants ____ are not removed from sewage and are discharged into the river. River water is a very important source of freshwater required to (2) ___ sustain __ life. We need a constant supply of fresh water for drinking, cooking and washing. Animals living near the river, as well as fishes and (3) ____aquatic___ plants, also depend on clean river water. When heavy rainfall occurs, pollutants (4) ____ accumulated ____ within the boundaries of the (5) ____ catchment ____ area may be washed into river (6) ____ channels ____. These pollutants include a variety of agrochemicals like fertilizers and (7) ____ insecticides ____.

Waste water (8) _____ containing ____ cleaning detergents, oil and other pollutants like industrial waste may be (9) _____ discharged ______ into the river channel through our

4. A. so

B. but

C. although

D. for instance

5. A. who

B. which

C. that

D. x

drainage systems. Industrial waste may contain sulfur, resulting increasing the acidity of the river

6. A. most

B. during

C. almost

D. nearly

water. Sometimes, (10) ____ rubbish ___ such as plastic bags and bottles, are washed into the

7. A. last

B. reduce

C. increase

D. stretch

8. A. Others

B. Other

C. Another

D. Further

river channel. VII. Choose the word or phrase among A, B, C or D that best fits the blank space in the following passage. There are many ways that (1) ____ helps the environment, and even the smallest step can have significant results.

9. A. Using

B. Recycled

C. Concluded

D. Made

10. A. houses

B. generations

C. places

D. trees

VIII. Read the passage, and choose the correct answer A, B, C or D for each question. HOW TO STOP WATER POLLUTION

The environmental problem of (2) ____ is a difficult issue to fix. As more waste is put into landfills, the bigger the problem gets. Wastes that are not biodegradable or are slow to decompose can (3) ____ in landfill sites for centuries, often emitting gases that could be harmful

Water pollution is one of the biggest threats to the environment today. There are several

to the environment. Keeping paper out of landfills is just one way that recycling helps the

sources of water pollution ranging from sewage and fertilizers to soil erosion. The impact of water pollution on wildlife and their natural habitats can be immense. There are also a number of

environment.

things that the average person can do to help stop water pollution.

Recycling items often uses less energy than manufacturing products from natural sources. Making paper that is using recycled pulp, (4) ____, is much less energy intensive than using new wood. While there are benefits to growing trees because of the carbon dioxide that they consume, it will be the damage (5) ____ is done to the environment by putting paper in landfills and using energy to produce new items. Waste in landfills emit gases as it rots. This can pollute the environment. Anyone who has passed a landfill site (6) ____ hot weather will be familiar with the unpleasant smell and flies that can be found near a landfill site. Reducing the items in landfills will help to (7) ____ the pollution that it causes. Recycling wastes also typically emits less carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide, thus reducing the carbon footprint of a product. (8) ____ benefit of recycling is that there is often a significant cost saving to be made when using recycle goods. Recycling leaves and grass, for instance, is a great way to make compost. (9) ____ homemade compost is obviously a lot cheaper than buying compost and this is a useful way to save money. Saving money through recycling ultimately helps the environment. Recycling is just one of many ways that we can help the environment. Every step that we take, however small, is one more towards helping and supporting the environment in which we live. Getting everyone involved, from children to adults, can help produce a better environment B. extinction

which is polluted by the chemicals in the sediment. Phosphorus and industrial chemicals can be pulled into water through soil erosion. When phosphorus levels in water become too high, they can lead to algae blooms that can cause massive fish deaths and make water unsafe for human use. The best way to prevent soil erosion is to keep the banks of rivers well-covered with plants or trees. Planting trees can have a significantly positive impact on the reduction in soil erosion. The oil used to lubricate engines in all types of machines needs to be changed regularly. When the oil is changed, it presents a number of environmental hazards if not disposed of properly. When a leaky engine releases this oil into the street, it runs to the sewer and makes its way into waterways. Wherever you see a lot of human recreation, you will almost always see lots of evidence of human use. Wrappers, bottles and other trash are unfortunately a common site at many wellused beaches and rivers around the world. It should be fairly obvious that the trash from these places often ends up in waterways and can cause pollution. Plastics are an especially big issue when it comes to water contamination at beaches and waterways. Picking up litter wherever you find it is honestly the best, fastest way to do your part to stop this type of water pollution. Organize cleaning parties with local people to make the reach larger. Get businesses

for many (10) ____ to come. 1. A. recycling

We should conserve the soil because soil conservation influences water pollution through erosion. As soil is eroded by water, it transfers sediment from the land to the body of water,

C. disappearance

D. discharge

2. A. hills

B. mountain

C. landfills

D. landscapes

3. A. remain

B. effect

C. cause

D. attack

involved as sponsors who will donate prizes to the person who collects the most trash if you're having a hard time finding people to sign up to help.

PART 1: VOCABULARY AND GRAMMAR REVIEW

It is estimated that the consumption of plastic by humans is between 250 and 300 million tons a year. About 80% of the plastic in the oceans came from the land. Using alternatives to

A. VOCABULARY

plastics or using “less disposable” plastics whenever possible can have a surprising impact on

adapt

(v)

làm thích ứng, làm thích nghi

ocean pollution. The fact that plastic is cheap and useful for different purposes makes it obvious

biosphere reserve

(n)

khu dự trữ sinh quyển

discharge

(v)

thải ra, xả ra

eco-friendly

(adj)

thân thiện với môi trường

ecology

(n)

hệ sinh thái

ecotourism

(n)

du lịch sinh thái tiếp đãi, giải trí

choices for many people. 1. Lubricants can cause environmental hazards when ____. A. they may be found in the streets

B. they engines work perfectly

C. they are not disposed properly

D. they are changed regularly

2. The following are the effects of water pollution EXCEPT that ____. A. it may make water unsafe for human use B. it may spoil the beauty of beaches or waterways C. it may cause massive fish deaths due to algae blooms D. it may keep the banks of rivers well-covered with trees 3. Soil erosion can lead to water pollution because ____. A. massive fish deaths will make the rivers unsafe for human use

entertain

(v)

exotic

(adj)

từ nước ngoài đưa vào; ngoại lai; đẹp kì lạ

fauna

(n)

hệ động vật

flora

(n)

hệ thực vật

impact

(n)

ảnh hưởng

sustainable

(adj)

không gây hại cho môi trường; bền vững

tour guide

(n)

hướng dẫn viên du lịch

B. soil can be eroded by rain water

B. GRAMMAR REVIEW

C. soil erosion can occur naturally everywhere

I. CONDITIONALS

D. chemicals in the sediment from the soil erosion will pollute water 4. In order to make beaches clean and green, we should ____.

1. Type 0: Câu điều kiện diễn tả thói quen hoặc một sự thật hiển nhiên. a. Habit (Thói quen)

A. follow the trash from these places which often ends up in waterways B. find places with a lot of human recreation and of evidence of human use C. organize campaigns in which prizes will be given to the business who collects the most trash D. ask local people to take part in cleaning up the beaches, maybe with the sponsor from businesses 5. We can infer from the passage that ____. A. using too much plastic can cause bad effects on ocean pollution

If + simple present tense ..., + simple present tense ... Ex:

b. Command (Mệnh Lệnh) If + simple present tense ..., + command form of verb + ... Ex:

D. alternatives to plastics or “less disposable” plastics can make the situation worse

If you go to the Post Office, mail this letter for me. Please call me if you hear anything from Jane.

2. Type 1: FUTURE POSSIBLE: Diễn tả một khả năng có thể xảy ra ở hiện tại hoặc tương lai If S + V ( simple present), S + will/shall + V ( nguyên thể)

B. using plastics only causes ocean pollution C. we don't know how to stop water pollution

I usually walk to school if I have enough time.

Ex:

If I have time, I will go.

3. Type 2: PRESENT UNREAL: Diễn tả tình huống không có thật ở hiện tại hoặc tương lai If + S + V(past subjunctive/ simple past), S + would/ could/ might + V Ex:

Unit 10. ECOTOURISM - KEY

I don't win a lot of money, so I can't spend most of it travelling round the world. → If I won a lot of money, I could spend most of it travelling round the world.

4. Type 3: PAST UNREAL: Diễn tả tình huống không có thật ở quá khứ If + S + had + Vp2 , S + would/ could/ might + have + Vp2 Ex:

I didn't tell her any good news because I wasn't here early.

2. The Bach Ma area has long been famous for its rich _____ biodiversity _____ , and plant

→ If I had been here earlier, I would have told her some good news.

species richness within Bach Ma National Park is still high. 3. Son Doong Cave has been ______ recognized _____ as the largest natural cave in the world.

5. Type 4: Câu điều kiện pha trộn:

4. Phong Nha Cave has the longest underground river, the highest and longest cave, broadest and

Form 1: Type 3 và Type 2

most beautiful fine sand beaches inside the caves, the most spectacular stalagmites and _____

If + S + had + Vp2, S + would/ could/ might + V Ex:

stalactites ______.

He isn't a rich man now because he didn't take my advice.

5. Ecotourism is a form of travel that seeks to improve environmental ______ awareness ______, foster cultural respect, and benefit the economic development of local communities.

→ If he had taken my advice, he would be a rich man now. Form 2: Type 2 và Type 3 If + S + V(past subjunctive/ simple past), S + would/ could/ might + have + Vp2 Ex:

1. The Central Highlands is also highly appreciated thanks to its high biological _____ diversity ______.

If I were him, I wouldn't have got married to her.

6. The Mekong Delta is one of the world's largest and most ______ productive _____ inland fisheries. 7. The most typical ______ ecotourism _____ activities are visits and studies in some national parks, adventurous activities in the mountain areas, and community-based ecotourism activities

PART 2: EXERCISES A. PHONETICS

in the mountainous areas.

I. Find the word which has a different sound in the part underlined.

8. Researchers consider Phong Nha - Ke Bang to be of particular importance for bird ____

1. A. weather

B. hearty

C. meadow

D. breath

conservation ____.

2. A. public

B. scuba-diving

C. understand

D. culture

II. Put the verbs in brackets in the correct form.

3. A. ruin

B. fruit

C. cruise

D. juice

4. A. relax

B. natural

C. safari

D. camping

1. The birds (be) ___will be___ scared and (fly) ____fly____ away if the birdwatchers (make) ___make___ loud noises.

5. A. biology

B. biosphere

C. biodiversity

D. biogas

2. I (take) ___will take___ the laptop back to the shop if you (not know) ___don’know___ how

II. Choose the word which has a different stress pattern from the others.

to fix it.

1. A. ecology

B. minority

C. historical

D. favourable

3. John and Ann (feel) ___will feel____ disappointed if nobody (come) ____comes_____ to

2. A. energy

B. destination

C. understanding

D. degradation

their party.

3. A. environment

B. eco-friendly

C. inorganic

D. vegetation

4. A. ecology

B. scuba-diving

C. sustainable

D. phenomenon

5. A. adventurous

B. habitat

C. sustainable

D. traditional

6. A. preservation

B. equality

C. economic

D. entertainment

4. If I (need) ___need____ money to buy a dictionary, you (lend) ____will you lend____ me some? 5. I (be) ___will be____ surprised if you (fail) ____fail___ the exam. You're working so hard. 6. We (help) ___will help____ you to do the housework if we (have) _____have_____ time. 7. If you (throw) ____throw__ plastic bags into the sea, the fish (eat) ___may eat__ them and

B. VOCABUALRY AND GRAMMAR

(die) ___die___.

I. Complete the sentences with a suitable word in the box. recognized

stalactites

diversity

biodiversity

ecotourism

conservation

awareness

productive

8. You (cause) __will cause__ a forest fire if you (make) __make__ a campfire and then (leave) __leave__ it unattended. III. Choose the correct word or phrasal to complete the sentences. 1. My parents might be sad if I fail/ will fail the exam.

2. If it doesn't rain, we would eat/ will eat in the garden. 3. You get/ will get a discount if you pay for the trip in advance.

systems with Cat Tien, Con Dao National Park, Can Gio Biosphere Reserve, which are characterized by high biological diversity.

4. Wewill not go/ go to school on time if the bus is late again.

2. Bac Lieu Bird Sanctuary Nature Reserve is a coastal rich and

5. I'm sure he calls/ will call you if he doesn't see you at the party.

___diversified____ salt forest floor with the natural salt-marsh ecosystem.

DIVERSE

6. If Alice leaf/ leaves for Ha Noi at 3 o'clock, she'll be there by 10.30.

3. The wonder of Cao Son Eco-Lodge in Lao Cai is ____inspirational____ INSPIRE

7. You went/ can go out with your friends if you finish your homework before 7 o'clock.

with mild weather, authentic culture of local hill tribes and spectacular landscapes.

8. If you pay/ will pay for an ecostour, part of your money will be used for wildlife protection.

CONSERVE

4. The limestone forest ecosystem at Phong Nha - Ke Bang support a high

IV. Put the verbs in brackets into the correct tenses.

diversity of plant and animal species, and it is of the greatest __conservation____ significance.

SIGNIFICANCE

3. He ____would look_____ (look) a lot better if he shaved more often.

5. At an altitude of 178 meters, Ba Be is the only ___significant____ natural mountain lake in Viet Nam.

HABITANT

4. If you _____played_____ (play) for lower stakes you wouldn't lose so much.

6. Ba Be Lake is unique among Vietnamese protected areas for the

5. If he worked more slowly he ___wouldn’t make____ (not make) so many mistakes.

diversity of freshwater ____habitats_____.

DOMINATION SUPPORTIVE

1. If I had a typewriter I _____would type_____ (type) it myself. 2. If I _____knew_____ (know) his address I'd give it to you.

6. I shouldn't drink that wine if I ____were____ (be) you. 7. More tourists would come to this country if it _____had_____ (have) a better climate.

7. The vegetation of Cuc Phuong National Park is ____dominated___ by limestone forest.

8. If I were sent to prison you ___would you visit___ (visit) me?

8. Cuc Phuong National Park ____supports_____ populations of several

9. If someone ____gave___ (give) you a helicopter what would you do with it?

mammal species of conservation importance.

10. I ____would buy_____ (buy) shares in that company if I had some money.

VII. Choose the best answer A, B, C or D to complete the sentences.

V. Put the verbs in brackets into the correct tenses.

1. “Would you mind if we ____ you by your first name?” - “Not at all. Please call me Tom.”

1. If I had known that you were in hospital I ___would have visited___ (visit) you. 2. The ground was very soft. But for that, my horse ____would have won___ (win). 3. If you ____had arrived___ (arrive) ten minutes earlier you would have got a seat. 4. You would have seen my garden at its best if you _____had been______ (be) here last week. 5. But for his quickness I ___would have been___ (be) killed. 7. If he had slipped, he ____would have fallen_____ (fall) 500 metres.

A. unless

C. calling

D. want to call

B. if

C. until

D. without

B. will come

C. would come

D. would have come

C. we will arrive

D. we may arrive

4. If we took the 10:30 train, ____ too early. A. we would arrive

8. If he had asked you, you ____would you have accepted_____ (accept)?

B. call

3. If I had known your new address, we ____ to see you. A. came

6. I shouldn't have believed it if I ___hadn’t seen____ (not see) it with my own eyes.

B. we should arrive

5. It's very crowded here. I wish there ____ so many people.

9. If I ____had had____ (had) a map I would have been all right.

A. aren't

10. If I ____had known_____- (know) that you were coming I'd have baked a cake. VI. Use the word given in capitals at the end of each line to form a word that fits in the gap in the same line. 1. The southeast area of Viet Nam has typical _____ecological______

A. called

2. She can't get home ____ she has no money.

B. weren't

C. haven't been

D. isn't

C. were

D. had been

C. may

D. might

6. I wouldn't go there at night if I ____ you A. am

B. was

7. If I ____ get a rode, I'll go fishing. ECOLOGY

A. can

B. could

C. READING

8. If they had enough time, they ____ head south. A. will

B. can

C. must

D. might

A. have

B. had

C. have had

D. will have

10. Trees won't grow ____ there is enough water. A. if

B. when

C. unless

D. as

11. I have a test to take tomorrow morning. If I ____ free time, I ____ to Cuc Phuong National Park with you. A. had - would go

B. will have - will go C. have - will go

D. had - went

12. Phong Nha Cave has been regarded by the British Cave Research Association as the top cave in the world ____ its four top records. A. despite

B. with

C. due to

D. because

13. ____ the decisive assistance of the villagers, we would not be able to facilitate the ecotour. A. But

B. Neither

C. With

D. Without

14. According to the weather forecast, it will be fine at the weekend. If the weather ____ fine, we ____ on camping at the weekend. A. were - would go

B. was – went

C. is - will go

D. will be - go

15. After lunch, we take a short talk to the elephant camp ____ you will enjoy an exciting elephant riding. A. where

B. what

C. that

I. Fill each of the numbered blanks in the following passage. Use only one word in each space.

9. If you ____ a choice, which country would you visit?

D. when

16. You can climb up Mount McKinley, the highest peak in North America, to explore the rest of

working

middle

clouds

away

recognized

include

amazing

attractive

create

destination

Depart from Ha Noi and head for Highland of Ha Giang, it would be a long but fantastic trip. It is the zigzag mountain path that will make your journey unforgettable. Meo Vac is exactly the next (1) ___ destination ___ that will take your breath (2) ___away___. You will totally be in the feeling of adventure, feeling of peace and feeling of full discovery. Starting your way of exploration, Meo Vac is the right place for you to check out some of 23 minority groups in Ha Giang, which (3) ___include___ Hmong, Tay, Nung tribes. The Nho Que River seems to be so tiny among big mountains. You can see here and there the locals in their colorful dresses, (4) ____working___ on the terraced fields. Making the way north, you will arrive in Dong Van. The minibus creeps in the layers of (5) __clouds__ again, overwhelming you with loads of beautiful sceneries. Passing Heaven's Gate, Rock Plateau, which was (6) ___recognized___ by the UNESCO as a geological park, seems to appear before your eyes like a masterpiece of nature. Like other sites in Ha Giang, Dong Van is (7) ___attractive___ all year around, particularly, on Lunar New Year holiday when various cultures of minority groups are strongly and widely exposed. Besides, you will be able to witness the brilliant yellow paddy fields around August and September, which is in the (8) ___middle___ of the harvest season. Up to Lung Cu, the (9) ____amazing____ beauty of rocky area will continue to captivate your soul. The Highest Flagpole of the North Viet Nam, Old Palace of Hmong King, Pho Bang

Denali National Park in Alaska, and view some ____ wildlife. 17. The vast wilderness of Alaska offers some unbelievable ecotourism opportunities, and one of

Old Town are of your good choices here. They (10) _____create_____ the harmony between culture and history of the highland. Let's join in the local market, and we guarantee that you will

the most ____ tourism industries in the USA.

have what you are looking for!

A. interested

A. sustainable

B. spectacular

B. natural

C. excited

C. safe

D. great

D. environmental

18. Villagers can compete against the commercial fishing and timber companies who ____ the natural resources of the area, taking as much as they want. A. deplete

B. lower

C. leave

D. decrease

19. The Mekong Delta is an extraordinary place that ____ international tourists. A. offers

B. considers

C. attracts

D. persuades

20. The areas are very ____ for tourists who love to study and discover. A. suitable

B. available

C. successful

D. aware

II. Choose the word or phrase among A, B, C or D that best fits the blank space in the following passage. Come “fly" over the Rainforest - We'll take your breath away! Located in Cairns, Australia, Rainforest Flyway is a world leader in (1) ____. We take our guests on a breathtaking “flight over rainforest trees and straight into the heart of the rainforest for an unforgettable experience. On the Flyway, you'll experience over 7.5 kilometers of living rainforests while learning about this spectacular place. Did you know that Australia's rainforests are home to over 3,000 different plant species? And (2) ____ of the trees here are more than 3,000 years old! After this

visit you'll understand why it's so important to (3) ____ the rainforests. And you'll see that environmentally responsible travel can be fun, educational, and breathtaking. Even if you're a world traveler, you've never experienced anything like the Rainforest Flyway. You'll start your unique journey above the (4) ____, as you “fly” in a comfortable gondola only a few meters above the trees. Sit back and enjoy the extraordinary (5) ____. You will be amazed at the breathtakingly rich and lush foliage. And rest assured, there was no damage done to the rainforest (6) ____ during the construction of your gondola. That's why the development of the Flyway took over 40 months to complete. Your gondola will bring you down into the rainforest itself, where you follow a path to see, hear, and smell the rainforest environment from the ground. Free tours are available several times a day. (7) ____ guides can point out some unusual plants, provide you with interesting

2. I don't drive too close to the animals on safari. They don't get scared. If I drove too close to the animals on safari, they would get scared. 3. Tom doesn't have a passport. He can't travel abroad. If Tom had a passport, he would travel abroad. 4. There are so many tourists visiting the national parks. The environment there is badly damaged. If there weren’t so many tourists visiting the national parks, the environment there would not be badly damaged. 5. Tourists throw litter in the river. The water is polluted. If tourists didn’t throw litter in the river, the water would not be polluted. 6. I can't swim, so I'm not going scuba - diving with you.

facts about rainforest ecology, and answer your questions. Your Rainforest Flyway experience lasts 90 minutes and ends in the small town of

If I could swim, I would go scuba - diving with you.

Kuranda, just 25 kilometers northwest of Cairns. Here, you can continue your eco-tour with a

7. I want to go on an eco-tour to Phu Quoc National Park, but I don't have any holiday.

visit to the protected areas that 2,000 tropical butterflies call home. You can also buy (8) ____ arts and crafts made by the people of Kuranda. And if that isn't enough, you can continue on to

8. These students do not work hard. They can't pass the exam.

the (9) ____ reserve located a short 9 kilometers west of Kuranda to see animals from all parts of the world.

II. Rewrite the conditional sentences for the following situations.

Rainforest Flyway has won numerous awards, including Travel Planet magazine's "Best Ecotourism Destination” Call or visit us online to make your (10) ____ reservations.

If I had any holiday left, I would go on an eco-tour to Phu Quoc National Park. If these students work hard, they would pass the exam. 1. Hoa's got so much homework that she can't go out with her friends tonight. If Hoa didn’t have so much homework, she would go out with her friends tonight.

1. A. difference

B. range

C. ecotourism

D. quality

2. A. some

B. part

C. type

D. any

3. A. exist

B. accommodate

C. store

D. preserve

4. A. flood

B. rainforest

C. forest

D. jungle

If there were eggs in the fridge now, I would make a cake for you.

5. A. appearance

B. scenery

C. photo

D. present

4. Nancy doesn't live near the park. She can't go running there every morning.

6. A. ecology

B. biology

C. geography

D. ecotourism

7. A. Tourism

B. Tour

C. Tourist

D. Touring

8. A. beneficial

B. right

C. original

D. negative

If Nam could swim, he would go to the swimming pool alone.

9. A. ecology

B. ecotour

C. ecotourist

D. wildlife

6. I can't go to the concert because I have a lot of homework to do.

10. A. protections

B. reservations

C. guides

D. organizations

D. WRITING I. Rewrite the conditional sentences for the following situations. 1. Phong doesn't have enough money so he can't travel abroad. If Phong had enough money, he could travel abroad.

2. Sue doesn't have Tony's email address. She can't send him a message. If Sue had Tony’s email address, she could send him a message. 3. I could make a cake for you, but there aren't any eggs in the fridge now.

If Nancy lived near the park, she would go running there every morning. 5. Nam can't swim. He is not allowed to go to the swimming pool alone.

If I didn’t have too much homework to do, I could go to the concert. 7. Nam doesn't have a camera, so he can't take pictures of his trip. If Nam had a camera, he could take pictures of his trip. PART 3: TEST YOURSELF I. Find the word which has a different sound in the part underlined.

1. A. conserve

B. preserve

C. reserve

D. desert

2. A. mile

B. militant

C. smile

D. kind

11. The gardens and islets near the Tien and Hau River are very attractive ecotourism ____ of the

3. A. peace

B. great

C. treat

D. meat

region.

4. A. destruction

B. sustainable

C. status

D. nature

5. A. device

B. deplete

C. exotic

D. challenge

II. Choose the word which has a different stress pattern from the others.

A. have

B. had

A. views

C. have had

B. scenes

D. has

C. sights

D. destinations

12. The show Captain Bob's Adventure Children is available now. If children of all ages ____ it, they ____ part in an airboat ride and an interactive reptile show. A. enjoyed - would take

B. enjoyed – took

C. enjoy - will take

1. A. activity

B. enjoyable

C. economy

D. difficulty

2. A. environment

B. ecology

C. intervention

D. community

enjoys – take

3. A. Vietnamese

B. contribution

C. conservation

D. concentrate

13. If you ____ to Pak Ou Caves in Laos, you ____ thousands of Buddha images and statues

4. A. alternative

B. competitive

C. conservative

D. inexpensive

5. A. economical

B. ecological

C. environmental

D. unavoidable

6. A. eliminate

B. concentration

C. eventually

D. inhabitant

III. Choose the best answer A, B, C or D to complete the sentences. B. Had

C. Should

D. Would

2. If you ____ to be chosen for the job, you'll have to be experienced in the field. A. want

B. wanted

C. had wanted

D. wants

3. If the doctor had arrived sooner, the boy ____ saved. A. might be

B. have been

C. was

D. might have been

4. If there ____ enough water, the rice fields could have been more productive. A. had been

B. were

C. would be

D. are

5. The patient could not recover unless he ____ an operation. [undergo: pass through] A. had undergone

B. would undergo

C. underwent

D. was undergoing

C. is meeting

D. should meet

6. If she ____ him, she would be very happy. A. met

B. will meet B. had

C. has

D. has had

8. If I had enough money, I ____ abroad to improve my English. A. will go

B. would go

C. should go

A. be

B. is

C. was

C. go - see

D. go - will see

B. improved - played

C. improves - will play

15. If visitors ____ their holiday in Hawaii, they ____ in typical ecotourism activities, such as whale watching, kayaking, surfing, snorkelling, scuba diving, and boating. A. spent - would participate

B. would spend - would participate

C. spend - participate

D. spend - will participate

16. We can help ____ the environment by using green and sustainable energy sources. A. waste

B. save

C. keep

D. enjoy

17. Ecotourism ____ are important to the overall sustainable energy sources. A. drawings

B. designs

C. intentions

D. plans

18. Texas is ____ to a number of eco-tour companies, and plenty of ranches and resorts. B. house

C. accommodation

D. building

19. Seattle is one of the most ____ cities in the US. A. ecosystem

B. eco-friendly

C. ecology

D. ecological

20. In Alaska, the ecotourism operators are designed to help minimise tourism ____, which may be more difficult to control as an independent traveler.

D. should have to go

9. If it ____ convenient, let's go out for a drink tonight. 10. If you ____ time, please write to me.

B. would go-saw

lives by creating new job opportunities, they ____ a more active role in the conservation.

A. home

7. If he ____ a thorough knowledge of English, he could have applied for this post. A. had had

A. went - saw

14. Local people can't see the benefits of ecotourism in their region. If ecotourism ____ their A. improved - would play improves - play

1. ____ she agreed, you would have done it. A. If

which have been deposited here over centuries.

A. result

B. impact

C. action

D. power

IV. Complete the sentences with a suitable word in the box. D. were

camping

sustainable

environmental

ecotourism

ecological

impacts

ecology

exotic

habitat

destinations

1. I am very much interested learning more about _____ ecotourism _____ and its benefits. 2. Cutting down trees or hunting wild animals may upset the ____ ecological ______ balance of

8. You have totake a taxi home if you want to leave now. → will have to

an area.

3. It was quite relaxing/ interesting to spend a week on a ____ camping ____ trip with friends in the open air.

9. If anyone will phone, tell them I'll be back at 11:00. → phones

4. A ____ sustainable _____ forest is a forest where trees that are cut are replanted and the

10. We can hire a minibusifthere will be enough people. → there are

wildlife is protected.

B A

5. Mass tourism may cause ____ environmental ____ problems such as pollution, water shortages, or an increase of waste. 6. When you take part in an ecotourism, you learn more about the cultural traditions of the local people and the ____habitat____ of some rare animals 7. Top _____ destinations ___ for ecotourism are usually national parks, forests or rural areas. 8. There could be both positive and negative _____ impacts ____ of tourism activities on the environment. 9. Water pollution and scuba - diving activities can harm the _____ ecology _____ of the coral reefs.

C B C

D D

VI. Choose the word in the box to complete the text. positive

diversity

home

flooded

number

features

collected

provides

Although

ecotourism

Located only 40 km from downtown Ho Chi Minh City, Can Gio Mangrove Biosphere Reserve, with great historical and cultural traditions. Can Gio is uniquely valuable for its (1) ____ diversity ____ - 72 mangrove plant species, some of which are rare species listed in the Viet Nam Red List. Recreational visits to Can Gio started in the mid-1990s as students drom the city came to visit the beach and see monkeys on the weekends.

10. We can find lots of different ______exotic______ flowers at the flower festival this year. V. Identify the one underlined word or phrase that must be changed to make the sentence

There are three main tourist (2) ___ features ___ in Can Gio. The Forest Park is (3) ____home____ to a mischievous 600-member monkeys, a semi-natural crocodile pool, and a

correct.

historical museum. Visitors enjoy walking under the cool mangrove branches and playing with

1. If someone came into the store, smile and say, “May I help you?" → comes A

The Vam Sat site includes a bat sanctuary in the (4) __flooded__ area and a bird sanctuary containing over 10 species listed in the Red List. Vam Sat (5) ____ provides _____ visitors with basic knowledge of the ecosystem of mangrove fauna, and has therefore attracted a

2. If you try these cosmetics, you look five years younger. → will look A

3. If you do not understand what was written in the book, you could ask Mr. Pike. → can ask A

5. Sam will not graduate unless he doesn't pass all the tests. → if A

6. If there isn'tenough food, we couldn't continue our journey. → can’t continue A

7. Unless you pour oil on water, it will float. → If

good (6) ____number____ of scientists and true eco-tourists. The April 30th Beach is located in the transition zone near Can Gio Town. (7)

4. I will come to meet Mr. Pike and tell him about your problems if you didn't solve them yourself. → don’t solve A

the monkeys.

____Although____ the long beach is not of high quality, it is near the city and features cheap local seafood. At the moment and in general, the impact of tourism on the local economy and society is (8) ___positive___. Some local community members have been their income increase and their living standards improve through employment in beach services. But (9) ____ ecotourism ___ in Can Gio is also having some negative impact on the environment and the community. With the number of visitors increasingly rapidly, beach pollution is becoming a problem. Waste is (10) ___ collected __ each morning, but for the rest of the day, rubbish from food and drink shops are thrown into the beach creating unhygienic conditions.

VII. Choose the word or phrase among A, B, C or D that best fits the blank space in the following passage.

One research shows that 90 percent of ecotourist guides lack environmental knowledge about the flora, fauna, and natural resources in the area, and 88 percent would benefit from

NAM CAT TIEN NATIONAL PARK

ecotourism guidebooks written especially for them. An illustration of wasted potential caused by

In the early morning of the first day, the guide will pick you up and transfer to Nam Cat Tien National Park, located on a low mountainous area of Dong Nai Province. Nam Cat Tien is

this lack of training is Ha Long Bay, a world heritage site with immense environmental value -

an area which represents a special ecosystem of wet (1) ____ with biodiversity. You will take a boat trip along the Dong Nai River to view the (2) ____ on the river banks. You can stop at the grassland area to search for peacocks, jungle fowl and birds that

coral reefs, limestone mountains, thousands of flora and fauna species of high biodiversity, and rich cultural identity. But tourists in Ha Long Bay are presently visiting only the Bay and some caves, not accessing environmental information or local cultural activities. In general, the full potential of ecotourism has not yet been reached. International visitors to Viet Nam often like to visit ethnic minority villages to observe

prefer a more open habitat. After that, you can continue to go to Kim Lan Village, once a French military camp and now the main village to the one ethnic (3) ____ of the park.

the culture, meet local people, and participate in traditional activities. The ethnic minorities who

The song of birds will wake you up in the morning of the second day. You go hiking to the crocodile lake with plenty of (4) ____ to see many varieties of bird life and, if you are lucky,

live in or near nature reserves maintain distinctive lifestyles, cultural identities, and traditional customs. These features are part of the real value of ecotourism. However, local people are not

the chance of spotting larger mammals. The Siamese Crocodile is an endangered (5) ____ and

much involved in ecotourism.

this is one of the last remaining places in the world that you can still see them in the wild. In the evening, a walking tour along the track following the river through the botanical garden to

resources. The economic benefits of ecotourism need to be shared with them, but this will not

Heaven Rapids, which provide you with good opportunities to see the birds and possibly the gibbon. 1. A. places

B. varieties

C. forests

D. area

In additional, local people still live in poverty, their life closely associates with natural happen without community participation. 1. The word “distinctive” in paragraph 4 is closest in meaning to ____. A. close to nature

B. easily understood

C. clearly different from others

D. staying the same for a long time

2. A. change

B. variety

C. diverse

D. wildlife

3. A. inhabitants

B. mammals

C. plants

D. habitats

4. A. occasion

B. notes

C. opportunities

D. advantages

A. change their distinctive lifestyles

D. species

ecotourism

5. A. surfaces

B. layers

C. spots

VIII. Choose the best answer.

2. In order to develop ecotourism, local communities should ____.

C. depend on natural resources

B. share the economic benefits of D. take part in all aspects of ecotourism

As most potential ecotourist sites are inhabited by ethnic minorities, the principle of “encouraging community participation in ecotourism activities” should both create income and

3. An ecotour to the region of ethnic minorities is very valuable because tourists ____.

help maintain cultural identity. These communities have a deep understanding of traditional

B. can make a trip to the limestone mountain of Cao Bang - Bac Kan

festivals, cultivation and land use customs, traditional lifestyle and handicrafts, and historical places. A trip to the limestone mountain of Cao Bang - Bac Kan, for example, is valuable not

C. can learn dying practices using endemic plants to produce brocading

only for the Ba Be Lake, but for the opportunity to learn about cultivation customs, dying practices using endemic plants to produce brocading, and traditional handmade boats of precious timber collected in the forest. Because ecotourism is important for environmental education, maintenance of indigenous culture, and local economic development, both investment and government encouragement are required.

A. can understand the aspects of cultures and traditions

D. can make traditional boats of precious timber collected in the forest 4. Ecotourism can bring all the following benefits EXCEPT ____. A. establishing more national parks and nature reserves B. introducing cultures of ethnic minorities to foreign tourists C. maintaining cultural identity D. providing opportunities to learn about traditional customs 5. Tourist guides who lack environmental knowledge can't ____.

A. get ecotourism guidebooks written especially for them B. make ethnic minorities have a deep understanding of their traditional festivals C. make tourists access all environmental information or local cultural activities D. take tourists to Ha Long Bay, a world heritage site with immense environmental value

Unit 1. THE GENERATION GAP - KEY

swear

/sweə(r)/

(v)

thề, chửi thề

PART 1: VOCABULARY AND GRAMMAR REVIEW

tight

/taɪt/

(adj.)

bó sát, chật

trend

/trend/

(n.)

xu hướng

trivial

/'trɪviəl/

(adj.)

nhỏ nhặt/ lặt vặt

value

/'vælju:/

(n.)

giá trị

thái độ

brand name

/brænd neɪm/

(compound n.) nhãn hiệu, thương

A. VOCABULARY afford

/ə'fɔ:d/

(v.)

có khả năng

chi trả attitude

/'ætɪtju:d/

(n.)

burden

/'bɜ:dn/

(n.)

gánh nặng

hiệu

casual

/'kæʒuəl/

(adj.)

bình thường, thường

bridge the gap

ngày

/brɪdʒ ðə gæp/

(idiom)

giảm thiểu sự

khác biệt thay đổi quan điểm

comfortable

/'kʌmftəbl/

(adj.)

thoải mái, dễ chịu

change one's mind

/tʃeɪndʒ wʌnz maɪnd/

(idiom)

compare

/kəm'peə(r)/

(v.)

so sánh

childcare

/'tʃaɪldkeə(r)/

(compound n.) việc chăm sóc con cái

conflict

/ kɒnflɪkt/

(n.)

cuộc xung đột

conservative

/kən'sɜ:vətɪv/

(adj.)

bảo thủ

control

/kən'trəʊl/

(v.)

điểu khiển, chỉ đạo

disapproval

/ˌdɪsə'pru:vəl/

(n.)

sự phản đối, không

tán thành

curfew

/'kə:fju:/

(n.)

lệnh giới nghiêm

dye

/daɪ/

(v.)

nhuộm

disrespect

/ˌdɪsrɪ'spekt/

(v)

không tôn trọng

elegant

/'elɪgənt/

(adj.)

thanh lịch, tao nhã

experienced

/ɪk'spɪəriənst/

(adj.)

có kinh nghiệm

flashy

/'flæʃi/

(adj.)

diện, hào nhoáng

extended family

/ɪk'stendɪd 'fæməli/

(compound n.) gia đình đa thế hệ

cấm, ngăn cấm

extracurricular activity

/ˌekstrəkə'rɪkjələr æk' tɪvəti/ (compound n.) hoạt động ngoại khóa /'fæʃənəbəl/

(adj.)

(compound n.) gánh nặng tài chính

forbid

/fə'bɪd/

(v.)

force

/fɔ:s/

(v.)

bắt buộc

fashionable

frustrating

/frʌs'treɪtɪŋ/

(adj.)

khó chịu, bực mình

mốt

interact

/ˌɪntə'rækt/

(v.)

tương tác, giao tiếp

financial burden

/faɪ'nænʃ1 'bɜ:dən/

phán xét, đánh giá

follow in one's footsteps

/'fɒləʊɪn wʌnz 'fʊtsteps/

(idiom)

trưởng thành, chín

generation gap

/ˌdʒenəˈreɪʃən ɡæp/

(compound n.) khoảng cách giữa các

/'həʊmsteɪ/

(n)

du lịch nghỉ tại nhà áp đặt cái gì vào ai

judge mature

/dʒʌdʒ/ /mə'tʃʊə(r)/

(v.) (adj.)

theo bước, nối nghiệp

thế hệ

chắn norm

hợp thời trang, theo

/nɔ:m/

(n.)

chuẩn mực

obey

/ə'beɪ/

(v.)

vâng lời, tuân thủ

pierce

/pɪəs/

(v.)

xấu khuyên (tai,

mũi...)

homestay dân impose ... (on sb)

/ɪm'pəʊz/

(v. phr.)

junk food

/ˈdʒʌŋk ˌfuːd/

(compound n.) đồ ăn vặt

/ˈmʌlti ˌdʒenəˈreɪʃənl/ (adj.)

rude

/ru:d/

(adj.)

thô lỗ, lỗ mãng

multi-generational

sibling

/'sɪblɪŋ/

(n.)

anh/ chị/ em ruột

nuclear family

skinny

/skɪni/

(adj.)

bó sát, ôm sát

spit

/spɪt/

(v.)

khạc nhổ

đa thế hệ, nhiều thế hệ (compound n.) gia đình hạt

/ˈnjuːkliəˈfæməli/

nhân objection

/əbˈdʒekʃən/

(n.)

sự phản kháng

open-minded

/ˈəʊpən ˈmaɪndɪd/

(adj.)

cởi mở

outweigh

/ˌaʊtˈweɪ/

(v)

vượt trội, nhiều hơn

perception

/pəˈsepʃən/

(n.)

nhận thức

perspective

/pəˈspektɪv/

(n.)

góc nhìn/ quan điểm

privacy

/ˈprɪvəsi/

(n.)

sự riêng tư

relaxation

/ˌri:lækˈseɪʃən/

responsible

/rɪˈspɒnsəbəl/

(n.)

thư giãn, giải trí (adj.)

có trách nhiệm, chịu

Tình huống: Im going to have a party. (Tôi có ý định đi dự tiệc.) Have to: Diễn tả ý bắt buộc mang tính khách quan (do luật lệ, quy tắc hay người khác quyết định) S+ have to/ has to/ had to/ ... + V Ví dụ: I have to finish the exercises. (Tôi phải hoàn thành bài tập.) Tình huống: Tomorrow is the deadline. (Ngày mai là hạn cuối.) 2. Dạng phủ định

trách nhiệm

Must not: Diễn tả ý cấm đoán

state-owned

/steɪt əʊnd/

(adj.)

thuộc về nhà nước

soft drink

/ˌsɒft ˈdrɪŋk/

(n.)

nước ngọt, đồ uống có

/ˈteɪbəl ˈmænərz/

(compound n.) cung cách ứng xử tại

/teɪst ɪn /

(n. phr.)

thị hiếu về, khiếu

viewpoint

/ˈvjuːpɔɪnt/

(n.)

quan điểm

Tình huống: I can see you dislike that. (Mình có thể thấy rằng bạn không thích nó.)

work out

/wɜ:k aʊt/

(phr. v.)

tìm ra

III. So sánh should và ought to

S+ must not (mustn't) + V Ví dụ: You must not eat that. (Bạn không được phép ăn cái đó.)

ga table manners bàn ăn

Tình huống: It's already stale. (Nó đã bị thiu rồi.) Not have to: Diễn tả ý không cần phải làm gì

taste in thẩm mỹ về

S+ do not (don't)/ does not (doesn't) did not (didn't)/ will not (won't)/ ... + have to + V Ví dụ: You do not have to eat that. (Bạn không cần phải ăn thứ đó.)

B. GRAMMAR REVIEW

1. Dạng thức

Modal Verbs: Must vs. Have to, Should vs. Ought to

1.1 Dạng khẳng định:

I. Giới thiệu chung về động từ khuyết thiếu

S+ should + V

1. Cách sử dụng

S+ ought to + V

Động từ khuyết thiếu được dùng để nêu lên khả năng thực hiện hành động, sự bắt buộc, khả năng xảy ra của sự việc, vv.

Ví dụ: You should see a doctor if your cough gets worse. (Ông nên đi khám bác sĩ nếu bị ho nặng hơn.)

2. Hình thức

You ought to see a doctor if your cough gets worse. (Ông nên đi khám bác sĩ nếu bị ho

- Theo sau chủ ngữ và đứng trước động từ nguyên thể không có “to”

nặng hơn.)

- Không chia theo chủ ngữ (trừ trường hợp “have to”)

1.2 Dạng phủ định:

- Thêm “not” phía sau khi ở dạng phủ định (trừ trường hợp “have to”)

S+ should not (shouldn't) + V

Ví dụ: I must go. (Tôi phải đi rồi.)

S+ ought not to (oughtn't to) + V

He should not disturb her now. (Anh ta không nên làm phiền cô ấy lúc này.) II. So sánh must và have to

Ví dụ: Mrs. Smith shouldn't keep complaining. (Bà Smith không nên tiếp tục phàn nàn nữa.) Mrs. Smith oughtn't to keep complaining. (Bà Smith không nên tiếp tục phàn nàn nữa.) Lưu ý: Dạng thức phủ định của “ought to” không được sử dụng phổ biến bằng dạng thức phủ

1. Dạng khẳng định Must: Diễn tả sự cần thiết hay bắt buộc mang tính chủ quan (do người nói quyết định)

định của “should”

S+ must + V

1.3 Dạng nghi vấn:

Ví dụ: I must finish the exercises. (Tôi phải hoàn thành bài tập.)

Should +S+V

Ought + S + to + V

10. A. study

B. ready

C. puppy

D. occupy

Ví dụ: Should we care about the environment? (Chúng ta có nên quan tâm tới môi trường

II. Pick out the words whose main stressed syllable is different from the rest.

không?)

1. A. facility

B. characterize

C. irrational

D. variety

Ought we to care about the environment? (Chúng ta có nên quan tâm tới môi trường không?)

2. A. agreement

B. elephant

C. mineral

D. violent

3. A. professor

B. typical

C. accountant

D. develop

4. A. electrician

B. majority

C. appropriate

D. traditional

5. A. decay

B. vanish

C. attack

D. depend

Lưu ý: Dạng thức nghi vấn của “ought to” không được sử dụng phổ biến bằng dạng thức nghi vấn của “should” 2. Cách sử dụng

B. VOCABUALRY AND GRAMMAR

2.1 Điểm giống: Cả “should” và “ought to” được sử dụng khi hỏi và đưa ra lời khuyên hoặc gợi

I. Choose the odd one out.

ý. Ví dụ: You should learn English every day. (Bạn nên học tiếng Anh hàng ngày.) You ought to learn English every day. (Bạn nên học tiếng Anh hàng ngày.) 2.2 Điểm khác: Giữa “should” và “ought to” có sự khác biệt nhỏ trong sắc thái của lời khuyên. Should

Ought to

Dùng cho lời khuyến mang tính chủ quan, thể hiện quan điểm cá nhân của người nói

Dùng với những lời khuyên mang yếu tố khách quan, tức là có sự tác động của ngoại cảnh như

Ví dụ: Linda should go to bed early.

Ví dụ: Emily ought to finish the report by 10

(Linda nên đi ngủ sớm.)

a.m. (Emily nên hoàn thành bản báo cáo trước 10 giờ sáng.)

luật lệ, bổn phận hay quy tắc

1. trend

sibling

prayer

afford

2. casual

rude

conflict

studious

3. sibling

obey

norm

attitude

4. elegant

comfortable

frustrating

trend

5. trivial

dye

browse

afford

6. conflict

burden

norm

mature

7. rude

skinny

tight

pierce

8. curfew

flashy

value

trend

9. attitude

tight

skinny

rude

10. interact

swear

spit

studious

II. Complete the sentences using the given words.

PART 2: EXERCISES

mustn't

A. PHONETICS I. Choose the word whose underlined part is pronounced differently from that of the others in each group. 1. A. bought

B. daughter

C. cough

don't have to

should

ought

1. You ______ don't have to _______ type your essay but if you want, you can do it. 2. I ________ mustn't ________ go home too late. My parents are very strict.

D. sight

3. She is an expert adviser; thus, I think you _______ ought _________ to ask her for some

2. A. sure

B. soup

C. sugar

D. machine

advice.

3. A. but

B. bury

C. nut

D. young

4. You ________ should ________ ask your teacher if you don't understand the lesson.

4. A. measure

B. decision

C. permission

D. pleasure

5. A. dose

B. chose

C. close

D. lose

6. A. position

B. oasis

C. desert

D. resort

7. A. stone

B. zone

C. phone

D. none

8. A. give

B. five

C. hive

D. dive

9. A. switch

B. stomach

C. match

D. catch

shouldn't

have to

ought not

must

5. I __________ have to _________ finish homework before going to class. My teacher is rather strict. 6. We _________ must _________ show respect to our parents. 7. I think you _________ shouldn't _________ stay up late because it is not good for your health. 8. If you want to help your friend, you _________ ought not ________ to do her homework. Instead, you should show her how to do it by herself.

III. Choose one of the two bold words which best completes the sentences. 1. It's cold. You should/shouldn'tturn on the fan.

A. pierced

B. forbade

C. afforded

5. Instead of ____ someone by their appearance, you should get to know them better.

2. You ought not to/ought todo homework before you go out with your friends. 3. You should/shouldn't eat plenty of fruit or vegetables every day in order to keep healthy. 4. You must/mustn't eat in the class.

A. swearing

6. I must/have tosubmit my homework before 12 o'clock because the deadline is 12 o'clock.

C. controlling

6. Having two children in a family is becoming the ____ in some Asian countries. A. norm

5. You ought to/ought not to drink a lot of water every day.

B. judging B. privacy

C. conflict

7. For a change, why don't you ____ your hair red? A. control

B. force

C. dye

7. I must/have to stay at home to take care of my children.

8. My parents do not want me to wear ____ dresses because they think that they aren't suitable

8. My friend says: "You don'thave to/mustn't drink champagne. You can have a coke or fruit

for my age.

juice instead.

A. tight

9. You don't have to/mustn't drink if you're going to drive afterwards. 10. You don't have to/mustn't pick up Tom at the airport because Judy will pick him up. IV. Fill in the gaps with "must" and "have to". Use the negative form if necessary. 1. Tomorrow is Mai's birthday. I ______ must _____ buy a present for her. 2. We might ______ have to _____ leave earlier than we expected.

B. casual

C. rude

9. I don't understand why you like ____ clothes. They are too bright and young for your age. A. flashy

B. fashionable

C. comfortable

10. She whispered a ____ that her sibling wouldn't die. A. sibiling

B. burden

C. prayer

VI. Complete the following sentences using the given words.

3. If you feel better, you ______ don'thave to _______ take medicine any more.

elegant

trivial

compared

forbid

4. I ______ have to _____ leave home at 6:00 because I have an appointment at 7:00.

frustrating

afford

conflict

interacts

5. You _____ mustnot_____ eat a lot before doing the exercise. If you do, you might get into some trouble with your stomach.

1. His conservative character would frequently bring him into _______ conflict ______ with others.

6. We couldn't find a better present so we _____had to______ choose this one.

2. She is really beautiful in that _______ elegant ____ dress.

7. If you are a member of the club, you ______do not have to___ pay to use these facilities

3. The challenges I must face were nothing ______ compared _______ to yours.

because they are included in the membership fee.

4. It is ______ frustrating ________ that I must be responsible for all what they did.

8. I had the flu, so I _____had to______ stay in the bed for two days.

5. I have no time to care about such ________ trivial ______ things.

9. If you are under 18 years old, you _____mustn’t _____ ride a motorbike.

6. My parents ______ forbid ______ me to be rude to others.

10. All students _____have to_____ wear uniforms on Mondays.

7. It is really interesting to see how everyone ______ interacts ______ in the party.

V. Choose the best options to fill in the blanks.

8. It's hard to believe that she can ______ afford_______ a new house on her salary.

1. You will get into trouble if you come back home after the ____. A. norm

B. curfew

C. value

2. She doesn't want to waste her money on clothes, so she ignores the ____ fashion trend. A. comfortable

B. current

VII. Match each phrase on the left with its definition on the right. 1. Extended family A

C. mature

also grandparents, uncles, aunts and cousins, all living under the same roof.

3. When you ride a motorbike, you must ____ the general road rules. A. judge

B. force

4. I decided to get my nose ____ last week.

C. obey

A. A big family that includes not only the parents and children, but

2. Generation gap C

B. A family that consists of parents and children.

3. Nuclear family B

C. The difference in attitudes or behaviors between younger and older

6. She must shoulder the _____ financial burden ______ after her husband's death.

age groups, which can cause a lack of understanding.

7. Scientists are discussing to ______ work out ________ the best solution to this problem.

4. Extracurricular

D. The rules of behavior that are typically accepted while people are

8. We recommend _______ homestay ______ for students who want to live with local families.

activity

eating at the table.

9. Parents tend to be more ________ open-minded ______ about the children's hairstyles.

E 5. Viewpoint F

E. An activity that can be done by students but not a part of school or college course.

6. Table manners D

F. A person's opinion about the subjects.

10. After graduating from his university, he wants to have a job in a _____ state-owned ____ company. X. Choose the best options to fill in the blanks. 1. This plan can't be carried out because of the widespread public ____.

VIII. Fill in each blank with the correct form of the words in brackets.

A. relaxation

B. disapproval

C. perception

1. The elderly are more _______CONSERVATIVE________ about their eating habit. (CONSERVATIVELY)

2. It is not ____ to wear these trousers at the moment.

2. They raised serious _______ OBJECTIONS_______ to the proposal. (OBJECT)

3. You should weigh up the pros and cons of the ____ living.

3. Thanks to his _____ OPEN-MINDEDNESS _____, every misunderstanding is cleared up. (OPEN MINDED)

4. It is important for parents to respect children's ____.

A. experienced A. objection

4. He shouldn't treat his parents _____ DISRESPECTFULLY_____. (DISRESPECT)

A. privacy

B. fashionable B. responsible B. relaxation

5. My wife is ____RESPONSIBLE______ for cooking meals. (RESPONSIBILITY)

5. The advantages of this plan ____ its disadvantages.

6. Teenagers like catching up with ______ FASHIONNABLE______ clothes, which puts a financial burden on their parents. (FASHION)

C. READING

7. We are in need of ______ EXPERIENCED_____ professionals for this subject.

I. Read and do the tasks below.

A. disrespect

(EXPERIENCE)

B. outweigh

C. conservative C. multi-generational C. rudeness C. work out

The generation gap, which refers to a broad difference between one generation and

8. There are at least three ___GENERATIONS__ living under the same roof in my family. (GENERATIONAL)

another, especially between young people and their parents, usually leads to numerous conflicts.

IX. Complete the following sentences using the given words.

times.

change your mind

impose

bridge the gap

follows in

good taste in

Such family conflicts can seriously threaten the relationship between parents and children at It goes without saying that, however old their children are, parents still regard them as small kids and keep in mind that their offspring are too young to protect themselves cautiously

1. If you want to succeed in that aspect, you must _____ change your mind _____.

or have wise choices. Therefore, they tend to make a great attempt to help their children to

2. I don't want to ________ impose _______ my decisions on my children.

discover the outside world. Nevertheless, they forget that as children grow up, they want to be

3. Open communication can _______ bridge the gap _______ between parents and children.

more independent and develop their own identity by creating their own opinions, thoughts, styles and values about life.

4. She ______ follows in _______ her mother's footsteps, becoming a doctor. 5. The fashion designer has exercised _______ good taste in _______ her use of various colors and patterns. state-owned

open-minded

financial burden

homestay

work out

One common issue that drives conflicts is the clothes of teenagers. While teens are keen on wearing fashionable clothes which try to catch up with the youth trends, parents who value traditional clothes believe that those kinds of attire violate the rules and the norms of the society. It becomes worse when the expensive brand name clothes teens choose seem to be beyond the financial capacity of parents.

Another reason contributing to conflicts is the interest in choosing a career path or education between parents and teenagers. Young people are told that they have the world at their feet and that dazzling future opportunities are just waiting for them to seize. However, their

A. latest fashionable clothes tight tops

B. casual clothes

5. According to the passage, what are parents' viewpoints about the teenagers' clothes?

parents try to impose their choices of university or career on them regardless of their children's

A. Teenagers' clothes get the latest teen fashion trends.

preference.

B. Teenagers' clothes are too short and ripped.

Indeed, conflicts between parents and children are the everlasting family phenomena. It seems that the best way to solve the matter is open communication to create mutual trust and understanding. Task 1. Decide whether the following statements are True, False or Not Given. 1. According to the passage, the relationship between parents and children is

False

not easily destroyed by the family conflicts. 2. As children get older, parents let them live on their own way and do what

False

they are interested in. 3. Teenagers try to please their parents by wearing traditional clothes.

Not

Given 4. Parents want children to follow their wishes in deciding the education and

True

C. Teenagers' clothes are contrary to the accepted standards and values of the society. 6. Why do teenagers want to choose their university or career? A. They want to explore the world on their own. B. They want to decide their future by themselves. C. Both A and B are correct. 7. The word "seize" in the fourth paragraph is closest in meaning to ____. A. catch

B. choose

C. find

8. Which can be the best title for the passage? A. Where do parent-child conflicts come from? B. How are children different from their parents? C. How do we bridge the generation gap?

future jobs. 5. Some parents indulge their children with expensive brand name clothes.

Not

Given 6. In order to bridge the gap between the old generation and the younger one, open communication to promote mutual understanding is the vital key. Task 2. Choose the best answers for the following questions. 1. Why do most parents still treat their teenage children like small kids? B. Because they think that children are too young to live independently. C. Because they think that children can't protect themselves well. 2. The word "offspring" in the second paragraph refers to ____. B. children

True

II. Read Lan's letter about her family rules and select the best option for each blank. do morning exercise

keep my room tidy

help around

respect

swear

go out

88 Lang Street Hanoi, Vietnam June 12th, 2017 Dear Sam,

A. Because children usually make mistakes

A. parents

C. shiny trousers and

C. mind

3. What do parents usually do to help their children as they are young?

Hi! How are you? I'm overjoyed that you're going to stay with my family in one month. In the previous letter, you asked me about our family rules and now, I will tell you about them. Each family has its own rules and mine has a few. Here are some rules of my family. My parents want me to (1.) ____ help around ____ with the housework and other home duties as they think that all family members should share housework. What's more, they tell me to take my studies seriously. They said that learning is

A. They prepare everything for their children.

very important and it has great influence on my future. Other rules in my family are that I

B. They take care of their children carefully.

should (2.) ___ do morning exercise __ every day to stay fit and healthy and always (3.) ____ keep my room tidy ___. Apart from these, I am not allowed

C. They encourage their children to explore the outside world. 4. Which kinds of clothes do teenagers want to wear?

to (4.) _____ go out _______ late in the evening because this is dangerous. Last but not least, they ask me to (5.) _______ respect ________ elderly and forbid me to (6.) ______ swear

My parents always remind me to do my homework.

______. I think that family rules play an integral role in helping family members understand one

They never let me stay overnight at my friend's house.

another and improve their own behaviors. If you have any questions, please let me know. I hope

7. My mother expects me to work as a teacher like her. (It is my mother's wish)

you will enjoy your time in Vietnam. I'm looking forward to meeting you.

6. They always refuse to allow me to stay overnight at my friend's house. (never let)

It is my mother's wish that I should work as a teacher like her. Lots of love, Lan

III. Fill in each blank with one suitable word.

8. I can go out with my friends at the weekend. (allow) I am allowed to go out with my friends at the weekend. II. Rewrite each sentence using the word(s) in the brackets, without changing its meaning.

differences

generational

younger

comparison

history

because

A generation gap A generation gap is a popular term used to describe big (1) ___ differences ____ between people of a younger generation and their elders. This can be defined as occurring "when older and (2) ____ younger ____ people do not understand each other (3) _____ because _____ of their different experiences,

1. If I were you, I would spend more time talking with my children. (should) You should spend more time talking with your children. 2. John doesn't get permission to use that computer. (mustn't) John mustn’t use that computer. 3. It is necessary that people who work here leave by 6 p.m. (must) People who work here must leave by 6 p.m.

opinions, habits and behavior." Although some (4) _____ generational ____ differences have

4. Every staff isn't allowed to smoke or eat in the office. (mustn't)

existed throughout

Every staff mustn't smoke or eat in the office.

(5) _____ history ________, during this era differences between the two generations grew

5. Customers are advised to check their luggage before leaving the airport. (ought to)

significantly in (6) _____ comparison ______ with previous times, particularly with respect (7) _______to_______ such matters as musical tastes, fashion, drug use, culture and politics. This

Customers ought to check their luggage before leaving the airport.

may have been magnified (8) ____by___ the unprecedented size of the young Baby Boomer

Students mustn't cheat in the exam.

generation, which gave it unprecedented power, influence, and willingness to rebel against social

7. Ms. Ly is in charge of cleaning the floor every day. (has to)

norms.

Ms. Ly has to clear the floor every day.

D. WRITING

8. You are not allowed to take photographs in the museum. (mustn't)

I. Complete the sentences without changing the meaning.

You mustn't take photographs in the museum.

1. They think that it is a good idea for me to do voluntary work. (I) They think that I should do voluntary work / ought to do voluntary work. 2. They insist that I should come home at 9 o'clock every night. (make) They make me come home at 9 o'clock every night.

6. It is forbidden for students to cheat in the exam. (mustn't)

9. It would be a good idea for you to share the housework with your mother. (ought to) You ought to share the housework with your mother. 10. It is not necessary for Jack to call Ben today. (doesn't have to) Jack doesn't have to call Ben today.

3. It is very important for us to do well at school. (must)

PART 3: TEST YOURSELF

We must do well at school.

A. PHONETICS

4. It is not necessary for me to agree with everything my parents say. (not have)

I. Choose the word whose underlined part is pronounced differently from that of the others in each group.

I don’t have to agree with everything my parents say. 5. My parents never let me forget to do my homework. (remind)

1. Secretaries ________ have to ___________ answer the phone. That is a part of their job.

1. A. adopt

B. involve

C. stroll

D. follow

2. A. exist

B. mind

C. inspire

D. provide

2. Jason and Linda are on holiday. They ______do not have to_____ go to school today

3. A. refusal

B. music

C. student

D. studying

3. He _______doesn’t have to_______ come if he doesn't want to join with us.

4. A. lecturer

B. medium

C. inventor

D. president

4. You _______ doesn’t have to ______ worry about me! I am ok now.

5. A. teach

B. cheer

C. characterize

D. watch

5. Lam ________has to_________ leave her house at 6.30 a.m. in order to get to her school at 7 a.m.

II. Pick out the words whose main stressed syllable is different from the rest. 1. A. actor

B. commit

C. fashion

D. motion

6. All the students _______ have to ________ obey the school rules.

2. A. education

B. industrial

C. intelligent

D. traditional

7. Today she doesn't have the literature lesson, so she ________ doesn’t have to ____ bring her

3. A. industry

B. refugee

C. magazine

D. Japanese

literature book.

4. A. freedom

B. contact

C. furnish

D. disturb

5. A. independence

B. impractical

C. education

D. entertainment

8. I _______ have to __________ take these books back to the school library on time or I will get a fine. 9. There is a lift in this building, so we ______ do not have to _____ climb the stairs.

B. VOCABULARY AND GRAMMAR

10. Susan doesn't like her new job. Sometimes she _______has to___ work at weekends.

I. Fill in each blank with the given word. nuclear family

generation gap

school children

junk food

hairstyle

1. Why is there a _____ generation gap ________ between parents and children? 2. Why are soft drinks and ______ junk food ________ not good for our health? 3. Do you think ________ school children ______ should wear uniforms? 4. Is the _________ nuclear family ________ the perfect type of family? 5. Have your parents ever complained about your _______ hairstyle ________? II. Complete the following sentences. Use affirmative or negative of "must". 1. You ________must_________ study harder to get better marks. 2. The boy is only twelve years old. He _______ must not _________ ride a motorbike. 3. Jimmy, you _______ must not __________ bite nails. 4. My classmate is very ill. She _______ must _________ see a doctor as soon as possible. 5. Your hands are dirty. You _______ must _________ wash them before meal. 6. We ________ must __________ brush our teeth at least once a day. 7. Children _______ must not _________ play with dangerous objects like knives and matches. 8. Students _________ must not _________ use mobile phones during the test. 9. Babies __________ must __________ go to bed early. 10. You _________ must not __________ be impolite to elderly people. III. Complete the following sentences. Use affirmative or negative of "have to".

IV. Complete the following sentences. Use affirmative or negative of "ought to". 1. You ______ ought to _________ study harder to get better marks. 2. They _______ought not to_______ be angry. It isn't good for their health. 3. A: It's so cold. B: You ______ ought to ________ put on your thick coat before going out. 4. If somebody steals your wallet, you ________ ought to _________ tell the police. 5. You ______ ought not to _________ buy that meat. It doesn't look fresh enough. 6. She _______ ought not to _______ stay up too late at night as she may feel tired in the morning. 7. Candidates ______ ought not to ____ wear shorts and a T-shirt to a job interview. 8. It's raining. If you don't want your dress to get wet, you ________ ought to ________ take an umbrella. 9. You are driving too fast. You _______ ought to _____ slow down. 10. Lisa _______ ought not to __________ treat her younger sister badly. It makes her very unhappy. V. Choose the incorrect underlined part in the following sentences. 1. You (A) have to(B) madesure that children (C) don't play outside alone. 2. You (A) mustn't(B) usesthe motorbike without a driver's license. It's (C) against the law. 3. Drivers (A) haven't(B) to stop at (C) yellow traffic lights. 4. You (A) ought(B) to takinghim (C) to the emergency room.

5. During the lesson, (A) doesyou (B) have (C) to listen to your teacher carefully and take notes quickly.

In an extended family, different family members such as grandparents, aunts, uncles and cousins live together. In many areas of the world, such as Asia, the Middle East, Africa, Latin

6. Students (A) don't have to(B) consume (C) food or drink in the class or in the library.

America, and Southern Europe, this type of family is common.

7. Get out of the grass! (A) You(B) mustwalk on the grass (C) here. 8. The baby (A) is sleeping. (B) You(C) don't have toshout. 9. Lien, we (A) must(B) are(C) quicker or we will miss the last train to Hai Phong city. 10. You (A) have to(B) feed the dog. (C) I've already fed it. VI. Cross out the wrong part in the following sentences. 1. You don't have to/ must eat anything you don't like. 2. If you don't want to have a sore throat, you don't have to/ oughtn't to drink too much iced water. 3. Flight attendants have to/ mustn't take care of passengers on the plane. 4. During the lesson, students don't have to/ mustn't leave class without the teacher's permission. 5. Her mother cooks for her, so she herself doesn't have to/mustn't cook.

Recently in some countries, couples are choosing to have only one child. These types of families are called single child families. Some people believe that children raised in these kinds of families are spoilt, selfish and lonely. But research doesn't support this. Some families have no children at all. The couples that make up these families sometimes make the choice not to have children because they want to have more free time. Some couples choose not to have children for financial reasons. Families with only one parent are called single parent families. There are several causes of these types of families. The first reason is divorce. Another reason is that the one of the parent dies, leaving the surviving parent widowed. Additionally, some parents never get married in the first place. When the husband or wife in a marriage brings children with them from a past marriage, this is called a blended or reconstituted family. This type of family has become more common

6. Smokers don't have to/ mustn't smoke in public places. This is stated in a new law.

due to the increase in divorces. For some children this kind of family can be good because there are two parents, instead of just one. But there can also be some difficulties as the two new

7. Drinks are free for today. It means that you don't have to/mustn't pay money for drinks

families try to become one.

today.

As the basis of all societies, families of all types are very important. This is true now and

8. Kelvin won the lottery last year, so he doesn't have to/mustn'twork now.

will be true in the future as well.

9. According to the company regulations, staff have to/ mustfinish their work with highest efficiency.

Match each description of a family on the left with a type of family on the right.

10. To be healthy, we mustn't/ ought to eat healthful food and do the exercise regularly.

1. Two years ago Darrel and Tanya got married. Before they got

C. READING

married Darrel had three sons and Tanya had a daughter. Now they

I. Read the text and do the following task.

all live together.

Types of Families A family is a group of people that have a common ancestor. They usually live together in the same house. Although it is a fact that not all families are the same, they can be categorized into different types. A nuclear family consists of parents and their children living together. In many countries in Europe and North American this is the most common form of family. There are three types of

2. Hiroshi's wife died several years ago of cancer. He now raises

Childless Family 4

Blended Family 1

his two sons Tomo and Taiki by himself. 3. Jose and Maria live with their 3 children. They also live with their parents, an uncle and an aunt.

Single Child Family 5

4. Husband and wife Dalee and Meegung have been married for two years. They are both very successful business people and don't

Nuclear Family 6

nuclear families. In the first type the father works and the mother cares for the children. In the second type, the mother works and the father stays at home with the children. In the third type of

have any children.

family, both parents work. This last type of family is the most common in the USA and Canada.

have one daughter named Melissa.

5. Harry and his wife Jane have been married for six years. They

Extended Family 3

6. Jack and Betty, who have been married for over 15 years, have

Single Parent Family 2

(a) What is the age range of a teenager?

two children named Daniel and Chirstine. II. Read the text and answer the questions. Teenagers today are undergoing lots of changes. They are between the ages of 13 to 19. Many of them are undergoing physical and emotional changes. These are the stages in the teenagers that are unavoidable.

(b) What are the changes that a teenager undergoes? (a) In the 13 to 19 age range. (b) Physical and emotional changes. 2.

(a) Why is it that a teenage life is full of ups and downs?

The teenage life is full of happiness, sadness, enjoyment and it can be interesting too. This is because in the teenage life that a teenager is subjected to physical growth, hormonal changes and even dilemmas. They may be in a stage of conflict like undergoing puppy love. This is only a normal part of life. Making friends is part and parcel of a teenager's life. The teenager should enjoy life by making friends with peers and participate in healthy activities such as camping, picnic, kayaking,

From paragraph 2 (b) What kind of conflict does a teenage face?

(a) A teenager is subjected to physical growth, hormonal changes and even dilemmas. (b) The teenager undergoes puppy love. 3.

From paragraph 3 List activities that a teenager can get involved in.

swimming and so on. Through friends, a teenager learns to joke, laugh and play to release stress

Camping, picnic, kayaking and swimming.

and tension. By making friends, the teenager learns to sweeten his or her joys and even eases the

Many teenagers are very conscious of their physical outlook. It is at this part of their life that beauty strikes as the main self-image. They love to follow up with the latest trends for dressing, hairstyle and even look good with their physical image. Some girls and boys go on a crash diet to slim down in order to look attractive. Others may suffer from acne and pimples that may scar their external beauty. Another stage in a teenager is the teenager's love life. There are chemical changes in the body and so the teenager tends to have a sense of feelings for the opposite sex. They will experience love and rejection. These sometimes will affect their studies. Parents tend to play a role in a teenager's life. Parents today are overly concern over their children's well-being. They like to control their freedom and have a say what the teenagers do. Hence, we have cases of disagreements, disputes, quarrels and even runaways from homes among some teenage girls. There are also negative problems that may pop out during a teenage life. A teenager is not well guided may fall into the wrong path. Some teenagers are involved in drugs trafflicking, smoking, drinking and smuggling of illegal products into the country. Others tend to vent their anger by vandalizing public property. We have those with no regard and respect for the elders. The mass media has an influence over the lives of many teenagers. Violent action movies, obscene shows and pornography surfed from the Internet can bring a disastrous effect on a teenager's life. There will be more harm than good if nothing is done. 1.

From paragraph 1

From paragraph 4 What are the things that a teenager likes to keep up to date with?

bitterness of life's downtime.

Dressing, hairstyle, physical image. 5.

From paragraph 8 State why parents are worried about their teenagers. Answer in your own words.

Parents are worried about their teenagers because of the influence from the mass media such as violent movies, obscene shows and pornography that may have a diverse effect over the youngsters. III. Read an article about how to make a list of family rules and answer reading comprehension questions. Family Rules Would you like to have a boss who didn't specify what the rules were in your work place but punished you if you broke these unknown rules? You would feel pretty frustrated, wouldn't you? That's how children feel when they are punished for breaking rules that have never been explained to them. Family rules are necessary to make clear what is expected of children and to outline punishments for misbehavior and rewards for good behavior. When creating a list of family rules remember to be specific both in what is expected and the punishment or reward. Gather the family together when creating the list of family rules. Involve children in the creation of the rules and get their input as to appropriate rewards or punishments. Explain to children why youd like to include certain rules. They'll accept them more if they understand that they are for their own benefit and safety.

You can create the list of rules in the form of a contract which all family members sign. Before completing the contract make sure that all family members are in agreement as to the wording of the rules and the punishments or rewards for each rule.

disadvantaged people. When they talk about themselves, their friends and their families, they sound positive and proud. Generally, these are very nice kids. Is this spirit of harmony a change from the past? Only a generation ago, parent child

Once the rules have been created, remember to be consistent with their enforcement. The

relations were described as the "(8. ___ generation ___) gap". Yet even then, things were not so

list of rules doesn't mean anything unless it is consistently enforced.

bad. Most kids in the 1960s and 1970s shared their parents' basic values.

1. Why do we need a list of family rules? To clarity what’s expected of children.

Perhaps, however, it is true that American families are growing closer at the beginning of this new millennium. Perhaps there is less to fight about, and the (9. ___ dangers ___) of drug

2. Why should we explain to children the reason behind the rules?

abuse and other unacceptable behavior are now well known. Perhaps, compared to the

They will be more willing to accept them.

impersonal world outside the home, a young person's family is like a friendly shelter, not a

3. Who should sign the family rules contract?

prison. And perhaps parents are (10. ___ acting ___) more like parents than they did 20 or 30 years ago.

The parents and children.

D. WRITING

4. What could happen if you don't consistently enforce the rules?

I. Rewrite the following sentences and add the available modal verbs to the appropriate position.

Children won’t take the contract seriously. IV. Read and fill in the blanks. recognize

1. If you go swimming in the sea, you wear a life jacket. (ought to)

dangers

generation

acting

according

along

control

If you go swimming in the sea, you ought to wear a life jacket.

understand individuals

teens

(1. _____ according ____) to the results of a survey in USA WEEKEND Magazine, there isn't really a generation gap. The magazine's "Teens & Parents" survey shows that today's generation of young people generally get (2. ____ along _____) well with their parents and appreciate the way they're being raised. Most feel that their parents (3. ___ understand ___)

2. I will tell you my secret, but you tell anyone. (mustn't) I will tell you my secret, but you mustn't tell anyone. 3. You spend too much time playing computer games. You stop that. (must) You spend too much time playing computer games. You must stop that. 4. Phuong loves chocolate, but she eat too much, or she will gain weight. (oughtn't to)

them, and they believe their parents consider family as the No. 1 priority in their lives. Although more than a third of (4. ___ teens _____) have something in their rooms they would like to keep

Phuong loves chocolate, but she oughtn't to eat too much, or she will gain weight.

secret from their parents, it is usually nothing more harmful than a diary or a CD.

We have to wear helmets when we ride a motorbike.

Such results may seem surprising in the context of the violent events that people hear about in the media. Maybe because of the things they hear, parents worry that their own kids might get out of (5. __ control __) once they reach the teenage years. However, the facts in the survey should make us feel better. The survey shows us that today's teens are loving and sensible. They are certainly happier than the angry people in the teenage stereotypes we all know about. True, some teenagers are very angry, and we need to (6. __ recognize__) their needs, but the great majority of teens are not like that at all. In contrast to some stereotypes, most teens believe they must be understanding about differences among (7. ___ individuals ___). Many of them volunteer for community service with

5. We wear helmets when we ride a motorbike. (have to) 6. I book the tickets in advance. (don't have to) I don't have to book the tickets in advance. 7. Alia, you say rude words like that. (mustn't) Alia, you mustn't say rude words like that. 8. We play table tennis. We can play chess instead. (don't have to) We don't have to play table tennis. We can play chess instead. 9. Children put their hands into sockets. That is very dangerous. (mustn't) Children mustn't put their hands into sockets. That is very dangerous. 10. Doctors sometimes work at the weekends and on national holidays. (have to)

Doctors sometimes have to work at the weekends and on national holidays.

be in a relationship

II. Rewrite sentences with the same meaning as sentences given, using the given words and

hệ tình cảm

the correct form of modal verbs in parentheses.

betray

1. I advise him to stop wasting money on lottery. (ought to)

lòng tin) break up (with someone)

He ought to stop wasting money on lottery. 2. It's necessary for you to finish your homework before going to bed. (must) You must finish your homework before going to bed.

/bi ɪn ə rɪ'leɪʃnʃɪp/

(v. phr.)

hẹn hò, có mối quan

/bɪ'treɪ/

(v.)

phản bội, lừa dối, phụ

/breɪk ʌp/

(phr. v.)

chia tay

concentrate (on)

/'kɒnsntreɪt/

(v)

tập trung

counsellor

/ˈkaʊnsələ(r)/

(n.)

người khuyên bảo, cố

/deɪt/

(n.)

cuộc hẹn hò, sự hẹn

emotional

/ɪ'məʊʃənl/

(adj.)

cảm động, cảm xúc

lend an ear

/lend ən ɪə(r)/

(v. phr.)

lắng nghe và thấu

vấn

3. It isn't necessary for you to bring food and drink for lunch. (have to)

date

You don’t have to bring food and drink for lunch.

gặp

4. Fishing is not allowed in this park. (must) You mustn’t fish in this park. 5. Every receptionist in our hotel is obliged to wear a uniform. (have to)

hiểu

Every receptionist in our hotel has to wear a uniform. 6. It's forbidden to sell cigarettes to children. (must not)

opposite-sex

/ˈɒpəzɪt seks/

(adj.)

khác giới

Shops must not sell cigarettes to children.

quit school

/kwɪt sku:l/

(v. phr.)

bỏ học

reconcile (with someone)

/ˈreknsaɪl/

(v)

làm hòa, giảng hòa

single-sex school

/ˈsɪŋgl seks sku:l/

(n. phr.)

trường học một giới

/ˌsɪmpəˈθetɪk/

(adj.)

đồng cảm, thông cảm

7. It's optional for waiters to wear a tie. (have to) Waiters don’t have to wear a tie.

(trường nữ sinh,

8. His doctor advises him not to drink too much alcohol. (ought to)

trường nam sinh)

He ought not to drink too much alcohol. 9. It's obligatory for every employee to keep the company's information secret. (have to)

sympathetic

Every employee has to keep the company's information secret.

achievement

/ə'tʃi:vmənt/

(n.)

thành tích, thành tựu

10. Teachers advise me to study English to get a good job. (ought to)

appearance

/ə'pɪərəns/

(n.)

diện mạo, vẻ bề ngoài

community

/kəˈmju:nəti/

(n.)

cộng đồng

confidence

/ˈkɒnfɪdəns/

(n.)

sự tin tưởng, sự tin

I ought to study English to get a good job.

cậy

Unit 2. RELATIONSHIPS - KEY

sự đóng góp

contribution

/ˌkɒntrɪˈbju:ʃn/

engage

/ɪnˈgeɪdʒ/

(v.)

enthusiastic

/ɪnˌθju:zi'æstɪk/

(adj.)

nhiệt tình, hào hứng

hệ

initiative

/ɪ'nɪʃətɪv/

(n.)

bước khởi đầu, sự

romantic relationship

khởi xướng /'mætʃmeɪkɪŋ/

(n.)

sự làm mối

PART 1: VOCABULARY AND GRAMMAR REVIEW A. VOCABULARY argument

/ˈɑːɡjumənt/

(n.)

sự tranh cãi, sự tranh

(n.)

cảm...)

luận relationship

thu hút (sự chú ý...),

giành được (tình

/rɪ'leɪʃnʃɪp/ /rəʊˈmæntɪk rɪ'leɪʃnʃɪp/

(n.) (n. phr.)

mối quan hệ, mối liên mối quan hệ lãng mạn

matchmaking

Động từ nối

Ví dụ

on good terms (with someone) /ɒn gʊd tɜ:mz/

(idiom)

có quan hệ tốt với ai

oppose

/ə'pəʊz/

(v.)

chống đối, phản đối

feel

I felt excited during the trip.

permission

/pə'mɪʃn/

(n.)

sự cho phép, sự chấp

“cảm thấy”

(Tôi đã cảm thấy thích thú trong suốt cuộc hành trình.)

smell

The cakes smell good.

persuade

/pə'sweɪd/

(v.)

thuyết phục

“có mùi”

(Những chiếc bánh có mùi thơm.)

potential

/pə'tenʃl/

(adj.)

tiềm năng, tiềm tàng

taste

This pizza tastes delicious.

psychologist

/saɪ'kɒlədʒɪst/

(n.)

nhà tâm lý học

“có vị”

(Chiếc bánh pizza này có vị ngon.)

(n.)

sự phản ứng

look

Nancy looks radiant in her dress

“nhìn thế nào trong ra sao”

(Nancy trông thật rạng rỡ trong bộ váy của cô ấy.)

sound

Her voice sounds pleasant.

“nghe có vẻ”

(Giọng của cô ấy nghe dễ chịu.)

nhận

reaction

/ri'ækʃn/

tension

/'tenʃn/

(n)

sự căng thẳng, tình trạng

căng thẳng turn into

/tɜ:n 'ɪntu:/

(phr. v.)

biến thành, trở thành

B. GRAMMAR REVIEW

b. get, become, turn, grow đều mang nghĩa “trở nên/ trở thành”

B.1. ĐỘNG TỪ NỐI (LINKING VERBS) I. Định nghĩa động từ nối

Động từ nối

Nancy is getting taller this year. (Năm nay Nancy đang dần cao hơn.)

become

John became a senior manager. (John đã trở thành một quản lý cấp cao.)

turn

The weather has turned hot. (Thời tiết đã chuyển sang oi nóng.)

grow

My mom grows older each year. (Mỗi năm mẹ tôi lại càng già

Động từ nối (Linking verbs) là các động từ: + Khổng mô tả hành động của chủ ngữ. + Nối chủ ngữ với một tính từ hoặc danh từ giúp mô tả hoặc nhận dạng chủ ngữ này. Cấu trúc câu với động từ nối: Subject + linking verb + adjective/ noun Ví dụ 1:

hơn.)

The flowers look beautiful. (Những bông hoa đó nhìn đẹp đấy.) Trong đó: The flowers (chủ ngữ), look (động từ nối), beautiful (tính từ).

Ví dụ 2:

c. seem, appear, stay, remain Động từ nối

Shes an actress. (Cô ấy là một diễn viên.) Trong đó: She (chủ ngữ), 's (động từ nối), an actress (danh từ).

Ví dụ

get

seem

Ví dụ Her father seems angry.

II. Các động từ nối phổ biến

“có vẻ/ dường như”

(Bố cô ấy có vẻ giận dữ.)

1. Động từ “to be”

appear

He appears a perfect husband.

“có vẻ/ dường như”

(Anh ấy có vẻ là một người chồng hoàn hảo.)

The firework displays are amazing. (Những tràng pháo hoa đó thật ấn tượng.)

stay

He stays faithful to his dead wife.

Trong đó: The firework displays (chủ ngữ), are (động từ nối), amazing (tính từ).

“vẫn cứ/ vẫn là”

(Anh ấy vẫn chung thủy với người vợ quá cố của mình.)

They were friends. (Họ đã là những người bạn.)

remain

They remain friends after years.

Trong đó: They (chủ ngữ), were (động từ nối), friends (danh từ).

“vẫn cứ/ vẫn là”

(Họ vẫn là bạn sau nhiều năm.)

Động từ “to be” là động từ nối phổ biến nhất trong tiếng Anh. Ví dụ 1: Ví dụ 2:

2. Một số động từ nối khác

III. Một số lưu ý với động từ nối trong tiếng Anh

a. feel, smell, taste, look, sound

1. Lưu ý 1

Các động từ nối (ngoại trừ to be, seem, become chỉ có thể là các động từ nối) Khi là động từ nối

Khi là động từ chỉ hoạt động

Câu gốc: Casey helps children at the local orphanage. (Casey giúp trẻ em ở trại trẻ mồ côi của địa phương.)

Diễn tả trạng thái của chủ thể

Diễn tả hành động của chủ thể

Trong đó: Casey (chủ ngữ), children (tân ngữ), at the local orphanage (trạng ngữ).

Ví dụ 1: Ví dụ 2:

The soup tastes good. (Món súp này có vị ngon.)

Câu nhấn mạnh với “It” khi muốn nhấn mạnh chủ ngữ Casey là:

Trong đó: The soup (chủ ngữ), tastes (động từ nối), good (tính từ).

It is Casey that helps children at the local orphanage.

She is tasting the soup. (Cô ấy đang nếm món súp.)

It is Casey who helps children at the local orphanage.

Trong đó: She (chủ ngữ), tasting (động từ chỉ hoạt động), the soup (danh từ).

(Chính Casey là người giúp đỡ những trẻ em ở trại trẻ mồ côi của địa phương.) 2. Cấu trúc câu nhấn mạnh với “It” khi muốn nhấn mạnh tần ngữ

2. Lưu ý 2 Các động từ nối (ngoại trừ to be, seem, become chỉ có thể là các động từ nối)

It + to be + focus + that/who + S + V

Khi là động từ nối

Khi là động từ chỉ hoạt động

Trong đó: It luôn đứng đầu cầu. Động từ “to be” chia theo It và thì của động từ trong câu gốc.

Không thể dùng với trạng từ chỉ cách thức

Có thể dùng với trạng từ chỉ cách thức

Tân ngữ được nhấn mạnh (focus) có thể là danh từ hoặc đại từ. Đại từ that dùng sau danh từ chỉ

Ví dụ 1:

She appeared surprised at the news. (Cô ấy có vẻ ngạc nhiên trước tin đó.)

Ví dụ 2: anh ấy.)

A fairy appeared suddenly before him. (Một cô tiên đột nhiên xuất hiện trước mặt

Trong đó: She (chủ ngữ), appeared (động từ nối), surprised (tính từ).

Trong đó: A fairy (chủ ngữ), appeared (động từ chỉ hoạt động), suddenly (trạng từ chỉ cách thức). B.2. Cấu nhấn mạnh với “It” (Cleft sentence) (Câu chẻ) I. Cách sử dụng câu nhấn mạnh với “It”

người/ vật còn who chỉ dùng sau danh từ chỉ người. S và V chính là chủ ngữ và động từ trong cấu gốc. Ví dụ: Câu gốc: We are meeting Mary tomorrow. (Ngày mai chúng tôi gặp Mary.) Trong đó: We (chủ ngữ), Mary (tân ngữ), tomorrow (trạng ngữ). Câu nhấn mạnh với “It” khi muốn nhấn mạnh tần ngữ Mary là: It is Mary that we are meeting tomorrow. It is Mary who we are meeting tomorrow. (Chính Mary là người chúng tôi sẽ gặp vào ngày mai.)

Câu nhấn mạnh với “It” là câu được dùng để nhấn mạnh một thành phần của câu như chủ ngữ, tân ngữ hay trạng ngữ.

3. Cấu trúc cấu nhấn mạnh với “It” khi muốn nhấn mạnh trạng ngữ

Ví dụ: My mother taught Nancy to cook yesterday. (Mẹ mình dạy Nancy nấu ăn vào ngày hôm

Trong đó: It luôn đứng đầu cầu. Động từ “to be” chia theo It và thi của động từ trong câu gốc.

It + to be + focus + that + S + V Trạng ngữ được nhấn mạnh (focus) có thể là trạng ngữ/ cụm trạng ngữ chỉ thời gian/ nơi chốn.

qua.) Trong đó: My mother (chủ ngữ), Nancy (tân ngữ), yesterday (trạng ngữ).

Đại từ that luôn sử dụng trong cấu trúc này. S và V chính là chủ ngữ và động từ trong câu gốc.

II. Các cấu trúc cầu nhấn mạnh với “It” 1. Cấu trúc câu nhấn mạnh với “It” khi muốn nhấn mạnh chủ ngữ Trong đó: It luôn đứng đầu cầu. Động từ “to be” chia theo It và thì của động từ trong câu gốc,

Ví dụ: Câu gốc: She became a famous singer at the age of 18. (Cô ấy đã trở thành ca sĩ nổi tiếng khi 18 tuổi.)

Chủ ngữ được nhấn mạnh (focus) có thể là danh từ hoặc đại tử. Đại từ that dùng sau danh từ chỉ

Trong đó: She (chủ ngữ), a famous singer (bổ ngữ), at the age of 18 (trạng ngữ).

It + to be + focus + that/who + V

người/ vật còn who chỉ dùng sau danh từ chỉ người. Động từ trong mệnh đề sau that/ who được

Câu nhấn mạnh với “It” khi muốn nhấn mạnh trạng ngữ at the age of 18 là:

chia theo câu gốc.

It was at the age of 18 that she became a famous singer.

Ví dụ:

(Ở độ tuổi 18, cô ấy đã trở thành ca sĩ nổi tiếng.) III. Thực hành câu nhấn mạnh với “I”

1. Ví dụ thứ nhất

II. Choose the word that differs from the other three in the position of primary stress.

Câu gốc: Linda borrowed my motorbike last week. (Linda đã mượn xe máy của mình vào tuần

1. A. commercial

B. constructive

C. essential

D. national

trước.)

2. A. copy

B. remove

C. notice

D. cancel

Câu nhấn mạnh với “It”: It is Linda that borrowed my motorbike last week.

3. A. curriculum

B. economics

C. hesitation

D. calculation

→ Câu nhấn mạnh này sai ở động từ “to be” is.

4. A. interact

B. specify

C. illustrate

D. fertilize

Sửa lại:

It was Linda that borrowed my motorbike last week.

5. A. territorial

B. economic

C. considerate

D. continental

It was Linda who borrowed my motorbike last week.

6. A. realistic

B. oceanic

C. economy

D. biology

(Chính Linda là người đã mượn xe máy của mình vào tuần trước.)

7. A. prediction

B. rehearsal

C. essential

D. industry

2. Ví dụ thứ hai

8. A. maximum

B. vacancy

C. terrorist

D. investment

Câu gốc: Mary always lends an ear to Linda. (Mary luôn luôn lắng nghe và thấu hiểu Linda.)

9. A. vertical

B. contractual

C. domestic

D. outstanding

Câu nhấn mạnh với “It”: It is Mary that Linda always lends an ear to.

10. A. emergency

B. alternative

C. expensively

D. geothermal

→ Câu nhấn mạnh này sai ở vị trí của hai từ Mary và Linda.

B. VOCABUALRY AND GRAMMAR

Sửa lại:

I. Match the word/ phrase with its definition.

It is Linda that Mary always lends an ear to. It is Linda who Mary always lends an ear to.

1. romantic relationship C

A. to listen to someone with patience and sympathy

(Chính Linda là người Mary luôn luôn lắng nghe và thấu hiểu.)

2. lend an ear A

B. kind to people who are hurt or sad, showing that you

3. Ví dụ thứ ba

understand and care about their problems

Câu gốc: John proposed to Laura at an elegant restaurant. (John đã cầu hôn Laura ở một nhà

3. sympathetic B

C. a relationship based on love and emotional attraction

hàng thanh lịch.)

4. argument F

D. to end a relationship, a company, etc.

Câu nhấn mạnh với “It”: It was at an elegant restaurant that John proposed to Laura.

5. break up (with someone) D

E. become friends again after conflicts or arguments

6. be reconciled (with someone)

F. a conversation or discussion in which people disagree,

Câu nhấn mạnh này đúng.

often angrily

Cấu trúc tổng quát câu nhấn mạnh với “It”

II. Fill in each blank with the correct form of the word in the bracket.

(Chính tại một nhà hàng thanh lịch John đã cầu hôn Laura.)

It + to be + focus + that/ who + S + V It + to be + focus + that/ who + V

1. My teacher is very caring and _______SYMPATHETIC_______. (SYMPHATHY) 2. She had an argument with one of her close friend, but she's managed to be

Trong đó, that có thể dùng sau danh từ chỉ người/ vật còn who chỉ dung sau danh từ chỉ người.

______RECONCILED______

PART 2: EXERCISES

with her. (RECONCILIATION)

A. PHONETICS I. Choose the word whose underlined part is pronounced differently from the others.

3. When you have a romantic relationship, you're having a relationship based on love and _ EMOTIONAL_

1 A. achievement

B. appearance

C. enthusiastic

D. initiative

attraction. (EMOTION)

2 A. confidence

B. achievement

C. engage

D. permission

3. A. potential

B. psychologist

C. oppose

D. contribution

4. I thought my friend _____ BETRAYED______ my trust when she told others my secret. (BETRAY)

4. A. initiative

B. confidence

C. enthusiastic

D. tension

5 A. reaction

B. achievement

C. matchmaking

D. enthusiastic

5. My parents always worry that I am in a ____ RELATIONSHIP___ with Nam, my close friend. (RELATION)

6. My best friend and I had an _____ARGUMENT_____ because she had revealed my secret. (ARGUE)

become

seem

remain

taste

јumр

sound

dance

feel

run

laugh

7. My parents and teachers are always telling me that I have to _____CONCENTRATE______

grow

climb

are

smell

on my study. (CONCENTRATION)

Action Verbs

III. Choose the right words to describe the pictures.

Linking verbs

Both

jumр, dance, run, climb, laugh become, seem, are

break up (with someone)

be in a relationship

lend an ear

concentrate on

argument

single-sex school

taste, smell, feel, sound, remain, grow

VI. Complete the sentences using the given words. become

appears

sounds

grow

felt

seemed

looks

getting

1. She ______ looks ______ so beautiful in that white dress. 1. ____ lend an ear _____

2. ___ break up (with

3. _____ be in a relationship

someone)___

____

A: What about going to the Italian restaurant? B: That _____ sounds ______ great!

3. She wants to ____ become ___ a fashion designer like Victoria Beckham in the future. 4. I ______ felt ________ painful in my stomach after eating that cake. 5. It ____ seemed _____ interesting that he didn't like anything except that bowl 4. _____ argument ______

6. ______ concentrate on

5. ____ single-sex school ____

7. Turn on the fan. It is ____ getting ____ hotter and hotter.

_______

IV. Choose and fill in the blanks with correct words. potential

tension

reactions

oppose

a romantic relationship

permission

on good terms

psychologist

1. In my class, the girls are _______ on good terms _______ with all the boys except me. 2. We need to get our parents' _____ permission ____ to take part in the English Speaking Contest in Hanoi next month. 3. They will select ______ potential ______ matches and help the two people meet face to face. 4. He was not willing to talk to a ______ psychologist _____. 5. Does the counselor agree with Ha's _____ reactions ____? 6. The ______ tension _____ between Minh and his parents is because they always judge his friends by their appearances. 7. My grandmother thinks friendship between a boy and a girl will turn into ___ a romantic relationship ___. 8. Should parents strongly ______ oppose _______ their children's romantic relationships? V. Put the given words into the right column.

6. Teenagers like to make their own choice when they _______ grow ______ older. 8. That Super Junior ______ appears _____ suddenly at the end of concert makes its fans overjoyed. VII. Decide whether the bold part in each of the following sentences is an “action verb” or a “linking verb”. 1. July is smelling the flowers her boyfriend has given to her. A. action verb

B. linking verb

2. My mother appeared exhausted after a hard day working on the paddy field. A. action verb

B. linking verb

3. Jane looks more beautiful when tying her hair. A. action verb

B. linking verb

4. Maria's grandmother used to look after her carefully when she was small. A. action verb

B. linking verb

5. He wants to become an inspiring teacher after graduating from his university. A. action verb

B. linking verb

6. The worldwide economic situation is getting worse and worse. A. action verb

B. linking verb

7. If you want to stay healthy, you should follow the doctor's advice. A. action verb

B. linking verb

A. sounds

8. She is going to stay at a friend's house in Ha Long Bay for 3days. A. action verb

B. linking verb

A. is staying

B. linking verb

A. gets A. remains

B. linking verb

B. stays

C. stayed

B. got

C. is getting

9. The situation (remain) ____ unchanged in the past 20 years.

10. My aunt tasted this soup carefully. A. action verb

C. sound

8. The room (get) ____ quiet when teachers entered.

9. When my daughter grows older, she will understand what I do for her. A. action verb

B. is sounding

7. She (stay) ____ at one of her penpal friends' houses when she visits Vietnam.

B. remained

C. has remained

10. John (be) ____ impolite today.

VIII. Choose the suitable word to complete each sentence.

A. is

B. was

C. is being

1. What's the matter with you? You look happy/happily today.

X. Find EIGHT mistakes in the use of linking verbs in this text.

2. He appears very excited/excitedly when looking at her.

(1) Maria and I stayed ready for the party on Sunday morning. (2) Suddenly, Maria smelt extremely tired and her face stayed pale. (3) I sounded so scared that I did not know what to do

3. I taste the soup very careful/carefully. Don't worry! 4. John appeared sudden/suddenlybehind us and said hello to us. 5. He is shouting at his friend. He seems very angry/angrily. 6.

but took her to the nearby clinic. (4) The doctor said that her health condition was remainingworse and worse and asked me what she had eaten the night before. (5) Maria ate the soup I bought at the restaurant but both of us had no idea that in that soup, there was a lot of

A: Why do you smell the milk? B: Because it smells terrible/terribly. You should throw it away.

7. This plan grows quickly/quick if it absorbs enough water.

shrimp powder to which she became allergically. (6) After one-hour treatment, her health condition gets stable. (7) Now I taste relieved as she looks like better.

8. He kept talking and his friends seemed annoyedly/annoyed. 9. The doctor checked my legs carefully/careful to see if there were any injuries. 10. She is looking for the colored pens serious/seriously because she needs them now. X. Choose the best answer to complete the sentences. 1. Can you help me? I (look) ____ for my pen now. A. look

B. am looking

C. looked

2. The sky (grow) ____ brighter after the heavy rain. A. is growing

B. grows

C. grow

3. At present, I (remain) ____ calm. A. remain

B. remained B. tasted

A. seem

B. seems

3. was/felt

4. getting/becoming

6. got

7. feel

8. bỏ “like”

1. It is her sad story A

A. that makes me cry.

2. It was Peter C

B. that she had a date with Jim.

3. It was in the Italian restaurant B

C. who she broke up with.

4. It was speaking skill E

D. that attracts me a lot.

5. It is her small dog D

E. that she found the most difficult in learning English.

6. It is at 8 o'clock F

F. that there is weather news.

XII. Complete the following sentences using the given phrases. C. is remaining C. are tasting

5. What's the matter with Mary? She (seem) ____ upset. 6. Listen! Her story (sound) ____ interesting.

2. turned/grew/became

5. allergic

XI. Match parts of the sentences to make correct ones.

4. To decide the winner of the competition, the examiners (taste) ____ candidates' dishes now. A. taste

1. got/were

C. is seeming

the man

on the schoolyard

the lovely cat

on the way to school

on weekends after I left my house

my close friends

the strong storm

my mom

letter 1. It was _____ the lovely cat ______ that my younger sister wanted to buy.

the

2. It was ___ after I left my house ____ that I realized that family had played an integral role in my life. 3. It was ______ the man _______ who was arrested by the police two days ago

D. It is with great enthusiasm which candidates all over the world take part the competition. 3. He gains impressive achievements at the age of 20.

4. It is _____ on the way to school _____ that I meet my English teacher.

A. It is at the age of 20 that he gains impressive achievements.

5. It is ______ on the schoolyard _____ that we play football very happily.

B. It was at the age of 20 that he gains impressive achievements.

6. It was _____ the strong storm ______ that blew out some roofs of houses in the village.

C. It is at the age of 20 that he gained impressive achievements.

7. It was _____ the letter ______ that I received from my mother last week. 8. It is _____ on weekends ______ that we often have picnics.

D. It was at the age of 20 that he gained impressive achievements. 4. Mary made a great contribution to her husband's success.

9. It is ______ my close friends _____ who always stand by me when I get into some trouble.

A. It is Mary who made a great contribution to her husband's success.

10. It is ______ my mom ______ who takes responsibility for cooking in my family.

B. It was Mary who makes a great contribution to her husband's success.

XIII. Choose the underlined part that is incorrect in the following sentences.

C. It was Mary who made a great contribution for her husband's success.

1. Thatwas Jim whowent to hospital last month. A. That

B. was

D. It was Mary who made a great contribution to her husband's success. C. who

D. went

2. It was inParisthat I first meet my wife. A. in

B. Paris

A. They are their children that most parents are willing to lend their ear to. C. that

D. meet

C. turned

D. leaf

3. It is in 2010 that my life turned over a new leaf. A. is

B. that B. on

B. It is their children that most parents are willing to lend their ear to. C. They are their children that most parents are willing to lend their ear.

C. who

D. It is their children that most parents are willing to lend their ear. C. READING

4. It wason New Year's Eve who Mary broke up with her boyfriend. A. was

5. Most parents are willing to lend their ear to their children.

D. broke up with

5. It was her brother whodropped out of his university and setted up his business.

I. Reading comprehension on Online Dating and decide if the statements are true (T) or false (F).

D. setted up

It has long been seen as a less romantic way of meeting Mr Right. But finding love over

XIV. Choose the correct sentence that is written using the underlined part and cleft sentence with “It”.

the internet is a good way of meeting a marriage partner, research has showed. It found that one

A. was

B. who

C. dropped

1. He spent his summer vacation in Da Lat. A. It is in Da Lat that he spent his summer vacation. B. It was in Da Lat that he spent his summer vacation. C. It is in Da Lat that he spends his summer vacation. D. It was in Da Lat where he spends his summer vacation. 2. Candidates all over the world took part in the competition with great enthusiasm. A. It is great enthusiasm that candidates all over the world took part in the competition. B. It was great enthusiasm that candidates all over the world took part in the competition. C. It was with great enthusiasm that candidates all over the world took part in the competition.

in five of those who have used dating sites to find their perfect partner have gone on to marry someone they met over the web. The study, by consumer group Which?, also revealed that more than half of the 1,504 people questioned had been on a date with someone they met in cyberspace. Sixty-two per cent agreed that it was easier to meet someone on a dating site than in other ways, such as in a pub or club, or through friends. At the same time, the under 35s were more likely to know someone who had been on a date or had a long-term relationship with someone they met through online dating. Jess Ross, editor of which.co.uk, said: 'Online dating is revolutionising the way people meet each other. Switching the computer on could be the first step to success! According to industry surveys, more than 22 million people visited dating websites in 2007, and more than two million Britons are signed up to singles sites.

Of the 147 couples who took part in the study, 61 per cent said their relationships had high levels of these three components. The researchers also found that men were more likely to find true love on the internet than women.

C. I think it's very nice to come up and talk with your neighbors. Take me as an example. I commute to work every day by bus. One day, I saw Harry on the station platform. We exchanged

Dr Jeff Gavin, who led the team, said: “To date, there has been no systematic study of

nods and smiles and eventually he came up to me and said hello. He told me that he had been my

love in the context of relationships formed via online dating sites. “But with the popularity of online dating, it is imperative we understand the factors that influence satisfaction in

new neighbor for three weeks but I didn't even know. We started chatting since then and got to know each other better. Then, guess what? We are now engaged and are getting married next

relationships formed in this way."

year.

Charlotte Harper, of Match.com, said: 'We were thrilled to find so many of our former

Write the letter A, B or C that indicates the person next to their description/ opinion below.

members have found love. 'It supports our belief that the internet does in fact encourage old-

1. ______A_______ suffered from a natural disaster.

fashioned courtship.

2. ______C________ is in a relationship with one of her neighbors. Statements

(T)

(F)

1. Online dating is seen as modern romance.

√

2. Research has shown that online dating is not a good way of meeting people.

√

3. Most people who took part in the survey said it is easier to meet people

√

7. _____A______ got help from the neighbors. √

8. ______C______ uses public transportation to work. √

5. Less than 20 million people visited dating websites in 2007.

√

6. Women are more likely to find their ideal partner online than men. 7. Many members of match.com have found love.

5. _____C_______ thinks positively about talking with neighbors. 6. _____B_______ walks to work.

online than elsewhere. 4. Jess Ross thinks online dating is changing the way people meet each other.

3. _____B________ thinks that some people may find talking with neighbors annoying 4. _____B_______ once went to work on the same route with her neighbor.

√

II. Read the passage and complete the task that follow. In our modern life, we can watch television or surf the Internet to find out about what is happening around the world but our neighborhood can be a place we never really know. A survey has been conducted to find out some people's thought of talking with their neighbors. Here came the results: A.

III. Read the passage and complete the tasks that follow. Huyen Anh is introducing herself and her closest friends. Many people consider me sociable because I am keen on taking part in community activities. I find it easy to start a conversation and get on well with different kinds of people, so I have numerous friends. Among them, Tram Anh, Minh and Bich are my closest ones. Tram Anh is the tallest girl in my group. She looks beautiful with a straight nose, long black hair, fair skin and dimples. She is interested in helping the poor and the disabled. She volunteers to teach English at the local orphanage every Sunday. She also spends a lot of time helping other classmates to improve their English. She is so gentle and generous that her teachers

We had been living here for five years and had never really got to know our neighbors. Then a tremendous hurricane came and crashed our house. Our neighbors came round to offer us food and help. When finally recovering, we still lived in the same neighborhood and never spoke

and friends adore her. Besides, she is a diligent student who always gets good marks.

to our neighbors. I don't know why.

talkative and humorous, so he is sometimes regarded as a class clown who always makes others

Similar to Tram Anh, Minh is very outgoing and warm-hearted. He enjoys participating in social activities, such as blood donation and environmental protection campaigns. He is quite

laugh by telling jokes and pretending to do silly things. His jokes, however, sometimes annoy his

My neighbor went to work on the same route with me. I passed over her every morning

friends. He also receives many compliments from teachers for being so intelligent and hardworking. He is not only our class's star soccer player but also a talented amateur singer.

when walking to work but never said hello. One morning I said "hello", then a "good morning" and a friendly smile were exchanged between us for the next week. But then, she changed her way to work. I feel that some neighbors may prefer being left undisturbed.

Unlike Tram Anh and Minh, Bich is quite shy in public. At break time, she enjoys staying in the classroom to finish her homework before going home. Also, she likes the quiet and

peaceful atmosphere of the school library. In her free time, she prefers reading books and helping her mother prepare meals. Although each of us has different personalities, we share a number of common hobbies

A friendship of the second kind is formed for the practical value of it. How useful so and so is to me? What can I benefit from him? Will he use his reputation and influence to fetch me a good job? Thus a person may maintain relationship for practical, professional, and political

and have a lot of fun together. I find myself lucky to have them as my intimate friends.

reasons. However, once we do away with the usefulness, the friendship eventually dies.

Task 1. Answer the following questions by choosing the correct options.

Friendship of the third kind is formed essentially on account of the pleasure the relationship can give. He is a joker. The moment he enters, you forget all your worries. She is

1. How many friends is Huyen Anh talking about? A. 2

B. 3

C. 4

B. She is quite reserved in public.

C. She is talkative.

2. What is Huyen Anh like? A. She is a sociable girl. 3. What does Tram Anh look like? A. She is tall and beautiful.

cute, intelligent and charming. The very notion that she is your friend makes you feel proud. The point rests here: How good is he/she in giving me pleasure physically, emotionally, mentally and materially? Now to the question: Which of the three is good? The second type is good, yet since basing on utility, it falls short of longevity and quality. The third type is good too, but how long

B. She enjoys helping the poor and the disabled.

one enjoys only pleasure in life? But the first type, virtue-based friendship is fantastic for this reason: it lasts till the end of this universe.

C. She is so gentle and generous.

1. From paragraph 1, we can infer that ____.

4. Tram Anh and Minh, ____. A. sing quite well humorous

A. Real friendship does not count one person's cleverness, appearance, utility and his/her B. are sociable and helpful

C. are talkative and

B. You have to die in order to prove your friendship.

5. What does Bich love doing in her free time? A. Doing her homework

aptitude for creating fun.

B. Studying in the library

C. Personality is not an important factor in choosing a friend. C. Reading and

helping her mother

D. There are two main motives for friendship. 2. Which of the following has the closet meaning to “do away with” in paragraph 2?

Task 2. Decide whether the following statements are True (T) or False (F).

A. kill

B. escape

C. get rid of

D. ask for

6. It is hard for Huyen Anh to start the conversation with someone.

7. Tram Anh teaches orphans English on Saturdays.

8. Minh's jokes can be annoying to his friends sometimes.

uncertainty

9. Minh can play soccer very well.

B. Friendship requires a lot of patience and efforts from both sides

10. Bich never does her homework during break time.

C. Friendship usually does not last long if it is built on materialistic need

IV. Read the passage and do the task that follows/do the tasks that follow. Generally, friendship exists for three reasons: virtue; usefulness; or pleasure. When virtue is the reason, friendship exists for the sake of friendship; where both like each other and cherish each other for some creditable values in the other's personality. You know that you would even die to swear your friendship for that person. You also know that the other would make you live than die for him/her regardless of intelligence, handsomeness, utility or the capability of giving pleasure.

3. Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the reading passage? A. Friendship basing on the capacity for creating pleasure still possesses some

D. Virtue-based friendship's core is a friend's creditable traits in his or her personality 4. Synonym(s) of utility in paragraph 4 can be found in: A. paragraph 1

B. paragraph 2

C. paragraph 3

D. paragraph 4

C. The third

D. Not mentioned

5. Which kind of friendship is most unshakable? A. The first

B. The second

D. WRITING I. Rewrite each sentence with the word in brackets to emphasize the underlined part. 1. We had a wonderful party in the garden. (that)

It was in the garden that we had a wonderful party.

I. Choose the word whose underlined part is pronounced differently from that of the others

2. Mary is very depressed about the result of the examination. (who)

in each group.

It is Mary who is very depressed about the result of the examination.

1. A. lake

B. plane

C. plan

3. The boys play football in the schoolyard every afternoon. (that)

2. A. tiny

B. tiger

C. tin

D. time

It is every afternoon that the boys play football in the schoolyard.

3. A. planet

B. animal

C. man

D. decay

4. The poor girl won first prize in the singing competition. (that)

4. A. season

B. sometimes

C. sea

D. stop

It was first prize that the poor girl won in the singing competition.

5. A. thing

B. threaten

C. thought

D. than

D. state

5. My friend gave me a present at my birthday party. (that)

II. Pick out the words whose main stressed syllable is different from the rest.

It was at my birthday party that my friend gave me a present.

1. A. obey

B. disuse

6. We really enjoy doing volunteer work. (that)

2. A. consumption

B. advertise

C. influence

D. history

It is volunteer work that we really enjoy doing.

3. A. development

B. responsible

C. reinforcement

D. spontaneous

7. Hung is in the romantic relationship with Mai. (who)

4. A. chemical

B. element

C. attention

D. tropical

It is Mai who Hung is in the romantic relationship with.

5. A. decay

B. exist

C. timber

D. supply

8. He bought two houses on Nguyen Trai Street at the age of 25. (that)

B. VOCABULARY AND GRAMMAR

It was at the age of 25 that he bought two houses on Nguyen Trai Street.

I. Choose the best options to complete the following sentences.

9. Students usually ask the teacher a lot of interesting questions. (who)

1. ____ is a decisive factor in giving up smoking.

It is the teacher who students usually ask a lot of interesting questions. 10. My mom is making some cakes for our dinner. (that) It is for our dinner that my mom is making some cakes. II. Reorder the words to make complete sentences. 1. It/ he/ his/ that/ changed/ father's/ a/ after/ was/ death / lot./ himself It was after his father’s death that he changed himself a lot. 2. going/ to/ am/ I/ the / Tokyo/ that/ in / It/ is/ holiday./ spend It is in Tokyo that I am going to spend the holiday.

A. Determined

C. broaden

B. Determination

D. invest

C. Time management

D. Reaction

2. It is your ____ that determines how fast you achieve your goal and how well you acquire a skill or knowledge. A. tension

B. reliability

C. expense

D. attitude

3. Men are often attracted by ____ girls in heavy make-up. A. flash

B. flashlight

C. flashy

D. flashily

B. changes his mind C. betrays

D. reacts

4. He____ as girls change their clothes. A. bridges the gap

3. USA/ 2008/ got/It/ the / married./ in/ settled/ down/ he/ was/ that/ in/ and

5. With the outstanding talent and skills, he is one of the most ____ candidates for the

It was in 2008 that he settled down in the USA and got married.

presidency.

4. that/ It/ mom/ was/ their/ gave / on/ wedding / anniversary / dad/ diamond/ ring./ my/ my/ a

A. flashy

B. mature

C. potential

D. trivial

It was on their wedding anniversary that my dad have my mom a diamond ring.

II. Fill in the blank with the correct form of the given words.

5. some/ It/ in / boyfriend/ me/ took / beautiful/ photos/ my/ was / who/ for/ Japan.

1. The he asks the same question again and again is so ______FRUSTRATING_____

It was my boyfriend who took some beautiful photos for me in Japan. PART 3: TEST YOURSELF A. PHONETICS

(FRUSTRATE). 2. Parents can put their trust in Ms Lan because she is an _____ EXPERIENCED___ teacher (EXPERIENCE). 3. The naughty boy denied _____DISRESPECTING______ (RESPECT) his Math teacher.

4. Finally, after much effort, he gained a lot of __ACHIEVEMENTS__ (ACHIEVE) in protecting wild animals. 5. Having too many children puts a lot of __FINANCIAL__ (FINANCE) burdens on poor parents in rural areas. III. Choose the sentence that is closest in meaning to the given sentence(s). 1. Peter's parents don't allow him to play computer games or chat online.

7. We can't change the result of the test. It's impossible. A. It's possible for us to change the result of the test. B. It's impossible for us to change the result of the test. C. It's likely that we will change the result of the test. 8. Judy and I are amazed that Anna is willing to help us decorate the classroom. A. Judy and I are amazed at Anna's willingness to help us decorate the classroom.

A. Peter mustn't play computer games or chat online.

B. Judy and I are amazed that Anna's unwilling to help us decorate the classroom.

B. Peter doesn't have to play computer games or chat online.

C. Judy and I aren't amazed at Anna's unwillingness to help us decorate the classroom.

C. Peter's parents oughtn’t to allow him to play computer games or chat online.

IV. Choose the underlined part which is incorrect.

2. It is advisable that you call Mrs. Brown to make an appointment in advance before you get to

1. Nancy said you didn't need to buy her anything for her birthday, but I think you ought at least

her office.

get her some flowers or a little bottle of perfume.

A. You have to call Mrs. Brown to make an appointment in advance before you get to her office.

2. After three hours of discussion, all the members of the committee felthappily about the

B. Mrs Brown advises you to make an appointment in advance before you get to her

decision.

office. C. You should call Mrs. Brown to make an appointment in advance before you get to her office 3. Ben always gets poor marks in Geography, but he is very good at German. A. It is Geography that Ben always gets good marks in. B. It's German that Ben is very good at. C. Ben excels at both Geography and German. 4. John considers Julie intelligent while most of us don't. A. It is Julie who most of us consider to be intelligent. B. It was John who considered Julie intelligent. C. It's Julie who John considers intelligent. 5. Van was surprised because she lost five kilos in two weeks. A. Van surprised as she gained five kilos in two weeks. B. Van is surprised that she can lose weight. C. Van was surprised to lose five kilos in 2 weeks. 6. Jane finds it hard to start a new relationship after the break-up. A. It's not easy for Jane to start a new relationship after the break-up.

A. didn't

A. After

B. to buy

B. all

C. ought

C. felt

D. or

D. happily

3. She was so happy because her request participated in the international youth's meeting was granted. A. was

B. happy

C. participated

D. granted

4. You don't have to do your homework on Saturday morning. That way you have the rest of the weekend free. A. don't have to

B. on

C. That way

D. free

5. All the interviewees appeared nervously before the start of the interview, but after that they seemed very happy. A. interviewees

B. nervously

C. seemed

D. happy

6. It is my purse who I have been looking for for two hours, but I haven't found it. A. is

B. who

C. two hours

D. it

7. Mark isn't good at public speaking so it's difficult of him to make a speech in front of thousands of people. A. good

B. so

C. of

D. thousands

8. You have tobe horrible to your older sister. It makes her very sad. A. have to

B. be

C. makes

B. It's always hard to start a relationship with Jane.

C. READING

C. It's hard to believe that Jane starts a new relationship soon after the break-up.

I. Choose the best answers to the following questions.

D. sad

In many aspects of life, effective communication skills are extremely important. With good communication skills, people can enjoy better interpersonal relationships with friends and

A. We should show sympathy for other people's bad luck.

family. The following are some guides that can help you improve your communication skills.

C. Both A and B are correct.

Learn to listen Listening is not the same as hearing you should learn to listen not only to the words being spoken but also how they are being spoken and the non-verbal messages sent with them. You shouldn't think about what to say next while listening; instead clear your mind and focus on the message being received. Your friends, colleagues and other acquaintances will appreciate your good listening skills. Try to understand other people's emotions To understand other people's emotions, you should be sympathetic to other people's misfortunes and congratulate them on their achievements. To do this, you need to be aware of what is going on in other people's lives. It's crucial to maintain eye contact and do not be afraid to ask others for their opinions as this will help to make them feel valued.

B. We should express congratulations on other people's success. 5. What should we do to involve everyone in an interaction or conversation? A. Discourage them through words and actions. B. Use body language and open questions. C. Let others feel valued and appreciated. D. WRITING I. Complete the following letter using the given words. scholarship

grateful

hearing

date

enquire Dear Mr. Bill Weston, I am writing to (1) ___ enquire __ about your English courses which is advertised in

Encourage

‘English Today?

It's advised that you offer words and actions of encouragement, as well as praise, to

I've just received the result of the IELTS exam, with an overall band score of 6.0. That wasn't a satisfying result because I need 7.0 in order to apply for a (2) ___ scholarship __ to

others, which make other people feel welcome, valued and appreciated in your communications. If you let others know that they are valued, they are much more likely to give you their best. You should also try to ensure that everyone get involved in an interaction or conversation by using effective body language and open questions. 1. What is the best title for the passage? A. Benefits of owning effective communication skills B. Ways to improve communication skills C. Behaviours of a good listener 2. Why are effective communication skills important in our lives? A. They help us enjoy a calm state of mind. B. They help us catch people's attention. C. They help us build good interpersonal relationships with others. 3. What should listeners do while someone is speaking? A. Listen attentively to what is being spoken and how it is delivered. B. Think of what should be spoken next. C. Only pay attention to the words being spoken, not the non-verbal messages sent with them. 4. According to the writer, what is the way to feel other people's emotions?

study abroad. I was wondering how I can improve my English skills quickly when I saw your advertisement. I realized that my speaking and writing skills are not as good as listening and reading ones. Could you please tell me if you have any advanced courses aiming at speaking or writing skill available? What (3) ___ date ___ does the course start and how much does it cost? I would be (4) ___ grateful ____ if you could send me more information about the course, including teacher's information and course duration. Thank you very much for your time. I look forward to (5) ____ hearing ____ from you. Sincerely, Hoa Nguyen II. Reorder the words or phrases to make complete sentences. 1. me/ to/ lend/ a / parents/ ear/ are/ My/ willing/ sympathetic/ My parents are willing to lend me a sympathetic ear. 2. my/ be/ with/ that/ you'll / staying/ I'm/ know/ family/ to/ for/ weeks/ happy I’m happy to know that you’ll be staying with my family for weeks.

3. have/ me/ know/ questions / let/ any/ Please/ if/ you

cope with

/kəʊp wɪð/

(v. phr)

đương đầu với

Please let me know if you have any questions.

enquire

/ɪn'kwaɪə(r)/

(v)

hỏi

enroll

/ɪn'rəʊl/

(v.)

kết nạp, ghi danh, tuyển dụng

expense

/ɪk'spens/

(n.)

chi phí

housekeeping

/ˈhaʊskiːpɪŋ/

(n.)

công việc quản gia

inaccurate

/ɪnˈækjərət/

(adj.)

không chính xác giữa cá nhân với nhau, liên nhân

Unit 3. ECOMING INDEPENDENT - KEY PART 1: VOCABULARY AND GRAMMAR REVIEW A. VOCABULARY

interpersonal

/ˌɪntəˈpɜːsənəl/

(adj.)

admire

/əd'maɪə(r)/

(v.)

ngưỡng mộ

motivated

/ˈməʊtɪveɪtɪd/

(adj.)

có động lực, tích cực

admiration

/ˌædmə'reɪʃn/

(n.)

sự ngưỡng mộ

overcome

/ˌəʊvəˈkʌm/

(v.)

vượt qua

assign

/ə'saɪn/

(v.)

phân công

prioritise

/praɪˈɒrɪtaɪz/

(v.)

ưu tiên

assignment

/ə'saɪnmənt/

(n.)

bài tập

priority

/praɪˈɒrəti/

(n.)

quyền ưu tiên

decision

/dɪ'sɪʒən/

(n.)

quyết định

protective

/prəˈtektɪv/

(adj.)

bảo vệ, che chở

decisive

/dɪˈsaɪsɪv/

(adj.)

kiên quyết, dứt khoát

strive for

/straɪv fɔ:(r)/

(v. phr.)

nỗ lực

decisiveness

/dɪˈsaɪsɪvnəs/

(n.)

tính kiên quyết, sự kiên quyết

suffer from

/ˈsʌfər frɒm/

(phr. v.)

decisively

/dɪˈsaɪsɪvli/

(adv.)

kiên định, dứt khoát

time management

/taɪm ˈmænɪdʒmənt/ (n.)

determined

/dɪˈtɜːmɪnd/

(adj.)

quyết tâm

B. GRAMMAR REVIEW

determination

/ dɪˈtɜːmɪ'neɪʃn/

(n.)

sự quyết tâm

Danh từ/tính từ theo sau bởi động từ nguyên thể có “to”

independent

/ˌɪndɪˈpendənt/ (adj.)

reliability

/rɪˌlaɪə'bɪləti/

reliable

/rɪˈlaɪəbl/

(adj.)

đáng tin cậy

I. Noun + to verb

reliably

/rɪˈlaɪəbli/

(adv.)

chắc chắn, xác thực

1. Cấu trúc

rely on

/rɪˈlaɪɒn/

(phr. v.)

phụ thuộc vào

độc lập (n.)

Noun/ Adjective + to verb sự đáng tin cậy

remind

/rɪˈ maɪnd/

(v)

self-discipline

/ˌself ˈdɪsəplɪn/

(n.)

tinh thần tự giác

self-esteem

/ˌself ɪˈstiːm/

(n.)

tự trọng, tự tôn

nhắc nhở

self-reliant

/ˌself rɪˈlaɪənt/

(adj.)

tự lực, độc lập

well-informed

/ˌwel ɪnˈfɔːmd/

(adj.)

thạo tin, hiểu biết

accurate

/'ækjərət/

(adj.)

chính xác

approach

/ə'prəʊtʃ/

(v)

tiếp cận, tiến lại gần

be at a loss

/bi: æt ə lɒs/

(idiom)

bối rối, lúng túng

communicate

/kə'mju:nɪkeɪt/

(v)

giao tiếp

contribute

/kən'trɪbju:t/

(v)

chịu đựng quản lý thời gian

đóng góp

Cấu trúc danh từ đi với động từ nguyên thể có “to” có nghĩa là sau danh từ chúng ta dùng “to” và động từ nguyên thể. Cụm động từ nguyên thể có “to” này sẽ làm rõ nghĩa liên quan đến danh từ. N. + to V Ví dụ: She showed no willingness to help. (Cô ấy không tỏ ra có thiện ý giúp đỡ.) Sau danh từ willingness là cụm động từ nguyên thể có “to” to help để làm rõ nghĩa cho danh từ này, cụ thể là thiện ý giúp đỡ, không phải thiện ý làm gì khác. 2. Các danh từ dùng trong cấu trúc: noun + to verb Danh từ trừu tượng ability “khả năng”

decision quyết định”

permission “sự cho phép”

advice “lời khuyên”

demand “yêu cầu”

plan “kế hoạch”

Cấu trúc này dùng khi đưa ra bình luận, nhận xét tính chất của hành động “làm gì đó thì như thế nào” hoặc “ai đó thấy như thế nào khi làm gì”.

ambition “hoài bão”

dream “ước mơ”

request “yêu cầu”

anxiety “mối lo âu”

effort “nỗ lực”

way “cách thức”

attempt “sự cố gắng”

failure “thất bại”

willingness “thiện ý”

Ví dụ: It's interesting for us to work with Mary. (Chúng tôi cảm thấy thú vị khi làm việc với

wish “mơ ước”

Mary.)

offer “lời đề nghị”

chance “cơ hội”

Trong đó: It (chủ ngữ giả), 's (động từ nối), interesting (tính từ), for us (chuyển thể từ for sb), to

3. Ví dụ

work with Mary (cụm động từ nguyên thể có “to”)

His dream to become a doctor comes true. (Ước mơ trở thành bác sĩ của anh ấy đã trở thành hiện thực.)

Các tính từ sử dụng trong cấu trúc này:

Sau danh từ dream là động từ nguyên thể có “to” to become để làm rõ nội dung ước mơ của anh

Tính từ

ấy là to become a doctor - trở thành bác sĩ.

boring “nhàm chán”

great “tuyệt vời”

interesting “thú vị”

I'm impressed by her ambition to be a successful woman.

difficult “khó khăn”

hard “khó khăn”

likely “có thể”

(Tôi bị ấn tượng bởi hoài bão trở thành một người phụ nữ thành đạt của cô ấy.)

easy “dễ dàng”

important “quan trọng”

necessary “cần thiết”

Sau danh từ ambition là động từ nguyên thể có “to” to be để làm rõ nội dung hoài bão của cô ấy

good “tốt đẹp”

impossible “không thể”

nice “tốt đẹp”

là trở thành a successful woman - một người phụ nữ thành đạt.

Ví dụ: It looked impossible for her to finish on time. (Có vẻ cô ấy không thể hoàn thành đúng

II. Adjective + to verb

giờ.)

1. Cấu trúc số 1

Sau tính từ impossible là for her (chuyển thể từ for sb) và cụm động từ nguyên thể có "to" to N./ Pron. + linking verb + adj. + to V

Cấu trúc này có nghĩa là “ai đó cảm thấy thế nào vì làm gì/ ai đó cảm thấy thế nào khi làm gì”.

finish on time. It's difficult to answer such questions. (Thật khó để trả lời những câu hỏi như vậy.) \

Ví dụ: Linda seemed happy to see her old friends. (Linda có vẻ vui khi gặp gỡ những người bạn

Sau tính từ difficult là động từ nguyên thể có “to” to answer.

cũ.)

3. Cấu trúc số 3 It + linking verb + adj. + of sb + to V

Trong đó: Linda (danh từ), seemed (động từ nối), happy (tính từ), to see her old friends (cụm động từ nguyên thể có “to”).

Cấu trúc này được dùng để đưa ra bình luận, nhận xét về cử chỉ, hành động của ai đó “ai đó thật

Các tỉnh từ sử dụng trong cấu trúc này:

thế nào khi làm gì”.

Tính từ

Ví dụ: It's kind of Nancy to support Laura. (Nancy thật là tốt bụng khi hỗ trợ Laura.)

afraid “sợ hãi”

glad “vui mừng”

proud “tự hào”

amazed “ngạc nhiên”

happy “hạnh phúc”

sad “buồn bã”

determined “quả quyết”

lucky “may mắn”

sorry “buồn, tiếc”

disappointed “thất vọng”

pleased “hài lòng”

surprised “ngạc nhiên”

Ví dụ: I'm proud to announce this year's winner. (Tôi thấy vinh dự khi công bố người thắng cuộc của năm nay.) Sau tính từ proud là động từ nguyên thể có “to” to announce.

Câu trên bắt đầu bằng chủ ngữ giả It, theo sau là động từ nối is (viết rút gọn là “s), tiếp đến là tính từ kind, còn of sb trong câu này là of Nancy, cuối cùng là cụm động từ nguyên thể có “to” to support Laura. Câu này có ý nhận xét hành động Nancy hỗ trợ Laura là cử chỉ tốt đẹp. Các tính từ sử dụng trong cấu trúc này: Tính từ kind “tốt bụng”

friendly “thân thiện”

I'm amazed to hear about the birth of her baby. (Tôi ngạc nhiên khi biết tin cô ấy sinh em bé.)

unkind “xấu bụng”

unfriendly “không thân thiện”

nice “tốt đẹp”

Sau tính từ amazed là động từ nguyên thể có “to” to hear.

polite “lịch sự”

generous “rộng lượng”

clever “thông minh”

2. Cấu trúc số 2

impolite “bất lịch sự”

mean “ích kỉ”

silly “ngu ngốc”

It + linking verb + adj. + (for sb) + to V

rude “thô lỗ”

Ví dụ: It's impolite of him to shout at her. (Anh ta thật mất lịch sự khi hét vào mặt cô ấy.)

Theo sau tính từ impolite là of him và cụm động từ nguyên thể có “to” to shout at her.

8. A. compulsory

B. compliment

C. methodical

D. certificate

It's nice of Jane to help her mother cook a meal. (Jane thật tốt bụng khi giúp mẹ cô ấy nấu ăn.)

9. A. endanger

B. catastrophe

C. opponent

D. vulnerable

Theo sau tính từ nice là of Jane và động từ nguyên thể có “to” to help.

10. A. economics

B. engineering

C. information

D. geography

GHI NHỚ

III. Choose the word whose part of speech is different from the others.

Cấu trúc danh từ theo sau bởi động từ nguyên thể có “to”:

1. A. accurate

B. approach

C. communicate

D. contribute

2. A. enquire

B. enroll

C. expense

D. approach

3. A. foolish

B. entrance

C. motivated

D. overcome

N./Pron.+ linking verb + adj. + to V

4. A. priority

B. motivated

C. time management D. expense

It + linking verb + adj. + (for sb) + to V

5. A. protective

B. prioritize

C. overcome

It + linking verb + adj. + of sb + to V

B. VOCABUALRY AND GRAMMAR

PART 2: EXERCISES

I. Match words with their definitions.

N. + to V Cấu trúc tính từ theo sau bởi động từ nguyên thể có “to”:

D. enquire

A. PHONETICS

1. sell-discipline B

A. the belief and confidence in your own ability and value

I. Choose the word whose underlined part is pronounced differently from that of the others in each group.

2. self-esteem A

B. the ability to make yourself do what you know you should do

1. A. few

B. new

3. self-reliant C

C. doing everything on your own without others' help

2. A. weight

B. height

C. eight

D. vein

4.assignment D

D. a task or piece of work that somebody is given to do

3. A. wanted

B. helped

C. wicked

D. naked

5.reliability F

4. A. intermediate

B. immediate

C. medium

D. medicine

E. a choice you make after thinking and talking about what is the best thing to do

5. A. uncertain

B. unbeatable

C. unanimous

D. undone

6. decision E

F. the quality of being able to be trusted to do what somebody wants or

6. A. shield

B. cement

C. executive

D. spill

7. A. hasty

B. nasty

C. tasty

D. wastage

II. Fill in each blank with the correct form of the word in the brackets.

8. A. prestige

B. village

C. advantage

D. heritage

1. Being too ___DEPENDENT____ on his mother makes me have a bad impression on him.

9. A. scheme

B. parachute

C. architect

D. psychology

(INDEPENDENT)

10. A. visit

B. site

C. invite

D. decide

2. She is ____DETERMINED____ to become a director of that company. (DETERMINATION)

C. threw

D. knew

although you do not want to do

needs

II. Choose the word which is different from the other in the position of primary stress.

3. You should think it over before making that ______DECISION______. (DECIDE)

1. A. sovereignty

B. edition

C. advantage

D. enrichment

4. My _____ADMIRATION____ for this girl grows daily. (ADMIRE)

2. A. commit

B. open

C. index

D. preview

5. Before watching TV. I must finish all of these ____ASSIGNMENTS___. (ASSIGN)

3. A. candidate

B. habitat

C. wilderness

D. attendance

4. A. recipe

B. candidate

C. instrument

D. commitment

6. Family plays an important role in establishing children's ____SELF-ESTEEM____. (ESTEEM )

5. A. conceal

B. contain

C. converse

D. conquer

7. How can you know that he is a _____RELIABLE_____ man? (RELIABILITY)

6. A. integral

B. terrific

C. museum

D. cathedral

III. Choose the best answer.

7. A. architectural

B. cosmopolitan

C. appreciative

D. archeologist

1. In order to have a great essay, you should look for useful information from ____ sources. A. well informed

B. reliable

C. determined

2. My cousin is a very ____ person because he has a lot of knowledge about current topics and particular situations. A. determined

B. decisive

C. well-informed

4. Finding somewhere to live is now my top _______ priority _____.

3. She is the most ____ woman in the world I have ever known. When she makes a firm decision to do something, she will never give up or let someone prevent her. A. determined

B. independent

3. If you want to be a good leader, __________ overcoming ________ these challenges is essential.

C. accurate

5. Tom invests a great _____ expense ___ in this project in hope that he can be successful. 6. Jane ____ enquired _______ a lot about the reading assignment. 7. We could see the train _____ approaching _____ in the distance.

4. Being ____ is a vital skill for people who want to take more control of their lives and reach

8. Please tell me about the course as soon as possible so that I can ______ enroll ___ early.

their goal on their own.

VI. Choose the best answer to complete each sentence.

A. independent

B. decisive

C. reliable

1. It is necessary ____ for that book.

5. The teacher ____ a different task to each student at the beginning of the term. A. assigned

B. admired

C. reminded

A. to look

6. Many teenagers ____ heavily on their parents, so they cannot live independently. A. admire

B. rely

C. decide

B. well-informed

A. to use

B. at

A. seeing C. at

A. hard to read

B. in

A. able to cope

B. with B. in B. at

B. hard for reading

C. hardly to read C. ability to cope

B. to accomplish

C. accomplish

8. Jack harbors an ambition ____ an inspiring teacher

C. for

A. being

B. be

C. to be

9. It is important ____ us to hand in the report on time.

C. at

A. to

6. He must have suffered ____ flu for a long time. A. from

C. seen

B. ability for coping

A. for accomplishment

5. That situation placed me ____ a loss, which I will never forget. A. on

B. see

7. Susan made a great effort ____ all homework before the deadline but it was in vain.

C. for

4. Yoga and meditation help to improve the ability to cope ____ stress and anxiety. A. about

C. receiving

6. She has the ____ well with work pressure.

C. for

3. Aptitude and motivation contribute enormously ____ the success of learning a language. A. to

B. receive

5. Your handwriting is ____.

2. She strives ____ a balance between studies and relationships. A. on

C. use

4. We are very surprised to ____ Peter at the party.

1. It's time for you to stop relying ____ your parents. B. in

B. used

A. to receive

C. decisive

IV. Fill in the gaps with suitable prepositions. A. on

C. look

3. She was excited ____ a letter from her mother last week.

7. Your education background is a ____ factor for your future career. A. motivated

B. looking

2. It is very simple to ____ this machine.

B. for

C. of

B. generously

C. generosity

10. It is ____ of him to help the poor. C. in

A. generous

V. Complete the sentences using the given words/ phrases.

VII. Complete the sentences using the given phrases.

enroll

approaching

expense

enquired

offer to help

dangerous to go

decision to drop

am at a loss

priority

overcoming

cope with

difficult to follow

hard to believe

desire to get

easy to understand

chance to improve

plan to move

1. To _____ cope with _____ these problems, you must be well-prepared. 2. I _______ am at a loss _________ when running across my boyfriend in the street.

wait

necessary to

1. A: Turn right, then left, go ahead and then left again. B: It is ______ difficult to follow _______ your directions. Can you tell me more details?

Dear Mary, My parents and I are (1) ____ glad _____ to know that you passed the endof-term examination. Congratulations! I think that with your excellence, your (2) _____ dream ____ to become a good doctor will come true.

2. A: Do you make out what the teacher has just said?

My younger sister was really (3) ______ surprised ____ to receive a hair curling machine

B: Yes, I do. It is quite _____ easy to understand ______. 3. A: Mary has just received first prize in the competition. B: It is ______ hard to believe _____. Mary said that she had done it terribly.

from you on her birthday and she asked me to say "thank you to you However, she doesn't know the (4) _____ way ___ to use that machine. It seems (5) ____ difficult ____ for her to use it. I was relieved that your mother had recovered after a serious surgery. It was (6) ____

4. A: It is 9 o'clock. Can we start now? B: It is ______ necessary to wait _______ for the marketing manager. I think that he is on the way here. 5. A: Stop! Susan. It is _______ dangerous to go ______ near the tiger cage. B: Oh! Thanks a lot. You save my life.

hard _____ to believe that she had to suffer from a severe disease for a long period of time. Please give her my love. I am excited that you're going to visit my beautiful city. I want to show you my (7) ___ willingness ___ to take you to famous places. We're looking forward to seeing you. It will be (8) ____nice___ for me to welcome you

6. We were surprised at his _______ offer to help ______ with the project. 7. Her ______ decision to drop _______ out of school is a difficult one to make. 8. Studying in England gives you a ________ chance to improve ___ your English skills.

to my house. Write me soon and confirm your arrival date and time. Love, Sam.

9. It was his ______ desire to get ________ a good job that motivated him to study Japanese.

X. Choose the sentence that is best rewritten from the given one(s).

10. Sandy's ______ plan to move ________ to Madrid bothered her parents.

1. You should bring an umbrella with you. That is necessary.

VIII. Fill in each gap with the correct form of the given words (use n./adj. to V) 1. I am _____disappointed to receive_____ the result of the exam too late. (disappointment, receive) 2. It is important for you ______to have_______ confidence in yourself. (having) 3. Her ______failure to keep_____ the secret causes a lot of trouble for her (fail, kept) 4. It was her _____motivation to live________ abroad that inspires her to study hard. (motivate, lived) 5. Mary is _____happy to become______ one of the most excellent students in her class. (happiness, became)

A. It is necessary to bring an umbrella with you. B. It is necessary of you to bring an umbrella. 2. I was not allowed to stay outside overnight. A. I didn't have to stay outside overnight. B. I had no permission to stay outside overnight. 3. Don't expect that everyone will agree with you. That is unreasonable. A. Everyone is reasonable to agree with you. B. It is unreasonable to expect that everyone will agree with you. 4. She has determination to achieve the goal.

6. It's _____lucky to have______ a good friend. (luck, have) 7. Her competitor is ill, which increases her ____chance to become___ the champion. (chance,

A. It was her determination that helped her achieve the goal.

became)

B. She is determined to achieve the goal.

8. It is rude of him ______to speak______ when his mouth is full of food. (speaker) IX. Complete the letter by choosing the appropriate adjectives or nouns. willingness way

difficult dream

nice hard

glad surprised

5. We can't know exactly what will happen in 20 years. That is impossible. A. It is impossible to know exactly what will happen in 20 years. B. It is impossible of us to know exactly what will happen in 20 years. 6. Watch this video. It is very useful. A. It is very useful to watch this video.

1. Not only young people try to be independent.

Not Given

2. People will be independent when they are mature.

Not Given

A. My sister has the ability to solve every problem quickly.

3. Time-management is the only thing you need to be independent.

False

B. It is hard for my sister to solve every problem quickly.

4. Teenagers can have more confidence and self-esteem when they are good at managing their

B. Watch this video is very useful. 7. My sister is able to solve every problem quickly.

8. Don't touch that button. It is dangerous. A. It is dangerous not to touch that button. B. It is dangerous to touch that button. 9. We can't find a suitable candidate for this position. That is difficult. A. It is difficult for us to find a suitable candidate for this position. B. It was difficult for us to find a suitable candidate for this position. 10. I don't know how to use this washing machine.

time. True 5. Good time-management can help teenagers get better grades at school. True Task 2. Choose the best answers for the following questions. 1. What is the main idea of the passage? A. Young people need a lot of life skills to be independent. B. Teenagers can have more confidence and self-esteem if they have good time-

A. I don't know the way how to use this machine.

management skills.

B. I don't know the way to use this washing machine.

C. Mastering time-management skills can bring many benefits and there are three steps to develop them.

C. READING I. Read the text and do the tasks below. Many young people strive to be independent. That means you are able to take care of

2. Which of the following is not mentioned as benefits of good time-management? A. Be more confident and self-esteemed.

yourself, and you don't have to rely on anyone else. However, to live independently, you need a

B. Complete the daily tasks with the best result.

number of life skills in order not to depend on your parents and older brothers or sisters. One of

C. Get better grades at school and have more time for other activities.

the most important skills is time management which can help you build your confidence and self-esteem. With good time management skills, you can perform your daily tasks, including your responsibilities at school and at home with pleasing results. Moreover, you will not feel stressed when exam dates are approaching. These skills can also help you act more independently and responsibly, get better grades at school and have more time for your family and friends. Developing time-management skills is not as challenging as you may think. Firstly, make a plan for things you need to do, including appointments and deadlines. Using a diary or apps on mobile devices will remind you of what you need to accomplish and when you need to accomplish it. Secondly, prioritize your activities. You need to decide which tasks are the most

3. How can you prioritize your activities? A. Make schedule for things you need to do. B. Concentrate on the most urgent and important tasks first. C. Try to establish routines. 4. What does the word accomplish mean? A. Complete

B. Involve

A. It's hard but you can master it well. B. It's very challenging to build.

urgent and important and then, concentrate on these first. This way, you may not be at a loss to

C. It's easier to master than people think.

deal with too much work at the same time. Thirdly, develop routines because routines, when established, take less time for you to do your tasks.

II. Fill in each blank with a suitable word in the box.

Time management skills are not hard to develop; once you master them, you will find out that they are great keys to success and you can become independent. Task 1. Decide whether the following statements are True, False or Not Given.

C. Duty

5. What is the author's viewpoint on developing time-management skills?

reasonable

confidence

independent

Encourage

alone

complete

worth

set

giving

reward

Helping your child to become an independent learner One of the most important learning skills you can help your child to develop is to become an (1.) ____ independent ___ learner.

Children who are more independent learners tend to have more self-confidence and have a greater sense that they are in control of their learning. Encouraging independent learning can

The poll showed support for independence for Scotland is running at 51%. This is the first time since 1998 that support for separation has passed 50%, and the first time since

happen from a young age, but it can be hard for parents who are not trained teachers to know

devolution gave power to the country in 1999. Six months before elections for the Scottish

when they are (2.) ____ giving ____ too much help and when they are not giving enough. If you

Parliament, these poll results come as good news to the Scottish Nationalist Party, who are

regularly help your child with their homework, there are a few simple steps you can take to help your child become more independent learners.

hoping to make progress against Labour and further the cause of an independent Scotland.

✓Help your child to answer the first question or two in an activity then allow them to do

Many people have become disillusioned with devolution, and believe that the Scottish

the next ones by themselves. (3.) ___ Encourage ___ them to get the answer themselves, but if

Parliament has failed to deliver what they had hoped it would; only a tenth have no opinion. In fact, only 39% of those polled want to keep things as they are.

they are struggling it may help them to point out how you would find the answer.

1. Scotland and England ____.

✓ Negotiate a time limit on how long they think it will take them to finish the rest of the activity to help them stay focused on their work. Perhaps even (4.) ____set__ a timer on your phone and encourage them to 'race' the clock. The time limit should be (5.) ____ reasonable _____ so that children can complete the activity with neat writing. ✓If your child is used to your presence when they (6.) ____ complete ____ their

A. have always been united.

B. want to break up the union.

C. have been united for a long time.

D. were united by war.

2. Great Britain ____. A. was formed by an Act of Parliament in 1706. B. was formed by two Acts of Parliament in 1707.

homework, gradually move away from them over a period of time. Helping them to start their

C. was formed by an Act of Parliament that came into effect on May 1st 1707.

homework and then moving to sit nearby but not with them while they finished can give them the comfort of you being there but encourage them to complete the work by themselves. Over

D. was formed by Acts of Parliament that came into effect on May 1st 1707.

time you can put more distance between you until they are able to work (7.) ____alone_____ while you are able to get on with other things you might need to do. ✓ Set aside time after your child has finished their homework to spend some time alone and focused on them. You could play a game together or read a story. It's a good (8.) _____ reward ____ for having finished their work by themselves. Most importantly, be firm. If your child won't try to work independently or is fussing over something that they can do quite easily when you are there, let them know that you have (9.) __confidence in their ability to do it by themselves but you won't help them unless they really need it. It can be hard to say ‘no, but it is (10.) _____worth___ seeing them become more confident and self-assured as learners and people. III. Read through the text below, answer the questions below. Scottish Independence The majority of people in Scotland are in favour breaking away from the rest of the UK and becoming independent, according to a poll taken just before the 300th anniversary of the Act of Union, which united Scotland and England. A pair of Acts of Parliament, passed in 1706 and 1707 that came into effect on May 1, 1707, created Great Britain. The parliaments of both countries were dissolved, and replaced by a new Parliament of Great Britain in Westminster, London.

3. People who want indepence for Scotland ____. A. are the vast majority.

B. are in the minority.

C. are the slight majority.

D. have decreased in number since

devolution. 4. The majority of people wanted independence for the first time ____. A. before devolution.

B. in 1999.

C. after devolution.

D. before and after independence.

5. The results of the poll are good news ____. A. for Labour.

B. for both parties.

C. for the Scottish Nationalist Party.

D. for devolution.

6. Most people's opinions of devolution ____. A. have gone up.

B. have gone down.

C. are the same.

D. make progress against Labour.

7. The number of people who want to keep things as they are ____. A. is greater than those that don't know. know.

B. is smaller than those that don't

C. is increasing

D. is the majority.

D. WRITING I. Rewrite each sentence using "noun/ adj + to V" and the given word in brackets. 1. She is excited that she gets first prize in the competition. (excited) She is excited to get first prize in the competition. 2. My mother was very surprised when she heard that I had won a lottery. (surprised) My mother was very surprised to hear that I had won a lottery. 3. I was very happy that I met my long-lost friend again. (happy) I was very happy to meet my long-lost friend again. 4. She is determined that she can find the best solution for this serious problem. (determined) She is determined to find the best solution for this serious problem. 5. That room needs cleaning by Ms. Laura this afternoon. (necessary)

Were I to improve my English speaking skill, I would easily get that job. 6. We wanted to get good seats so we arrived early. In order to get good seats, we arrived early. 7. It took her nearly an hour to do the crossword. She spent nearly an hour doing the crossword. 8. The policeman made him confess after three days. He was made to confess after three days. 9. Nga finds Maths easier than Physics. Physics is not as easy as Maths for Nga. 10. I advise you to see a doctor. You ought to see a doctor.

It is necessary for Ms. Laura to clean that room this afternoon.

III. Write these sentences in another way beginning as shown.

6. Linda finds it interesting to study and listen to music at the same time. (interesting)

1. It's difficult to understand him.

It is interesting for Linda to study and listen to music at the same time. 7. Mary is kind because she helps the poor and the disabled. (kind) It is kind of Mary to help the poor and the disabled. 8. Peter is clever when he chooses to work in Nancy's team. (clever) It is clever of Peter to choose to work in Nancy's team. 9. Finally, she decided to take part in the talk show for young people. (decision) Finally, she made a decision to take part in the talk show for young people. 10. Mark always tries to finish his homework on time. (attempt) Mark always makes an attempt to finish his homework on time. II. Rewrite the following sentences without changing their meaning, using the given words. 1. It's a long time since he last called me. He hasn't called me for a long time. 2. When did he get the job? How long ago did he get the job? 3. I advise you to book a table in advance. If I were you, I would book a table in advance. 4. I don't want to tell them the secret. I would rather not tell them the secret. 5. If I improved my English speaking skill, I would easily get that job.

He is difficult to understand. 2. It's easy to use this machine. This machine is easy to use. 3. It was very difficult to open the window. The window was very difficult to open. 4. It's impossible to translate some words. Some words are impossible to translate. 5. It's expensive to maintain a car. A car is expensive to maintain. 6. It's not safe to stand on that chair. That chair isn’t safe to stand on. IV. Complete the second sentences. Use the adjective in brackets and “to…” as in the example. 1. I couldn't answer the question. (difficult) It was a difficult question to answer. 2. Everybody makes that mistake. (easy) It's an easy mistake to make. 3. I like living in this place. (nice) It's a nice place to live.

4. We enjoyed watching the game.

5. A. independence

V. Make a new sentence beginning "It ...". Use one of these adjectives each time. careless

inconsiderate

kind

nice

1. Sue has offered to help me.

C. education

D. entertainment

I. Choose the best options to complete the following sentences. 1. We could not ____ my kid in that course because the class was full. A. send

It's kind of Sue to offer to help me.

B. enroll

C. afford

D. interact

C. objection

D. housekeeping

2. All members in my family share the ____.

2. You make the same mistake again and again.

A. homework

3. Dan and Jenny invited me to stay with them. They are so nice.

A. outweighs

It was nice of them to invite me/ it was nice of Dan and Jenny to invite me to stay with them. It’s inconsiderate of them to make so much noise at night.

C. contributes

D. breaks up

B. interpersonal

C. matchmaking

D. potential

5. An example of ____ is when a child doesn't need anyone to remind him of what to do.

VI. Use the following words to complete these sentences. pleased/get

B. works out

4. Those who have strong ____ skills are able to get on well with most types of people. A. personal

4. The neighbours make so much noise at night. They are so inconsiderate.

glad/hear

B. norm

3. The new chairman's policy ____ much to the development of our city.

It careless of you to make the same mistake again and again.

sorry/hear

B. impractical

B. VOCABULARY AND GRAMMAR

(good) It was a good game to watch.

A. self-discipline surprised/see

B. self-esteem

C. self-employment

D. self-educated

II. Complete the following sentences using the given words.

1. We were pleased to get your letter last week.

confident

2. I got your message. I ____am glad to hear______ that you're keeping well.

argument

relationship

independent

reconciled

3. We _____were surprised to see_____ Paula at the party. We didn't expect her to come.

1. They had a/an _______ independent _____ life, so they can decide everything on their own.

4. I _____am sorry to hear______ that your mother isn't well. I hope she gets better soon.

2. Before breaking up, Mai Anh and Nam had a serious _____ argument ______.

PART 3: TEST YOURSELF

3. We cannot be _______ reconciled _____ because he can't forgive me for my fault.

A. PHONETICS

4. It's very important to teach students to become _____ confident ___ and strong-willed.

I. Choose the word whose underlined part is pronounced differently from that of the others

5. Getting involved in a romantic ____ relationship ____ does not sound right for you now. You

in each group.

are too young.

1. A. adopt

B. involve

C. stroll

D. follow

III. Choose the options that best fit the blanks.

2. A. exist

B. mind

C. inspire

D. provide

1. According to the doctor's advice, April ____ overuse antibiotics and stay up after midnight.

3. A refusal

B. music

C. student

D. studying

4. A. lecturer

B. medium

C. inventor

D. president

5. A teach

B. cheer

C. characterize

D. watch

II. Pick out the words whose main stressed syllable is different from the rest.

A. should

B. must

C. shouldn't

D. oughtn't

2. It ____ my carelessness that caused me a lot of problems in my life and my work. A. is

B. was

C. has been

D. will be

3. Every student ____ be disrespectful to their teachers in any circumstances. A. mustn't

B. doesn't have to

C. don't have to

D. ought to

1. A. actor

B. commit

C. fashion

D. motion

2. A. education

B. industrial

C. intelligent

D. traditional

4. I can get up late, enjoy a cup of tea while listening to my favourite piece of music on Sunday

3. A. industry

B. refugee

C. magazine

D. Japanese

because I ____ work that day.

4. A. freedom

B. contact

C. furnish

D. disturb

A. have to

B. must

C. ought not to

D. don't have to

5. You ____ work in front of a computer screen for too long. It isn't good for your eyesight as well as your back. A. shouldn't

B. should

C. don't have to

D. have to

B. pleased

C. pleasant

D. pleasantly

7. When John ____ older, he'll probably be mature enough to decide his own life. A. sounds

B. looks

C. smells

experience. Now it's time for you to make an important decision. 1. High school graduation marks a turning point in a person's life.

6. These flowers smell ____. I'll buy them for my girlfriend's birthday. A. please

go straight into a job and take evening classes to gain qualifications. If you start work and take a break to study when you are older, you can save your money for your studies and get practical

D. gets

8. It is in a luxury restaurant ____ the thirtieth wedding anniversary of Mr. and Mrs. Brown is held.

A. True

B. what

C. when

D. who

IV. Complete each sentence with the correct form of the given word(s). 1. His boss seems (angrily) ______angry_____ today, so he avoids adding fuel to the fire. 2. It (be) ______is______ Van Anh who I always share my stories with. 3. I was (amaze) _____amazed____ to hear that their close friendship turned into a romantic relationship.

C. Not given

A. True

B. False

C. Not given

3. If a person wants to become a physician, going to university is the best choice. A. True

A. that

B. False

2. Most people choose to go to university after finishing high school instead of starting to work.

B. False

C. Not given

4. If someone only thinks of obtaining a degree as a privilege in the job market, they can land a job and take evening classes to gain qualifications. A. True

B. False

C. Not given

5. The writer knows some people get a job after graduating from high school and then come back to their studies later in their lives. A. True

B. False

C. Not given

4. It's impossible for her (take) _____to take_______ care of her twins and her mother-in-law.

D. WRITING

5. Laura's very surprised at her kids' offer (doing) ______to do_______ the dishes.

I. Complete the letter by choosing the appropriate word.

6. It is unreasonable (expectation) _____to expect_____ everyone in this world to be kind to you.

take

to help

to visit

unchanged

pay homage to

Dear Barbara, I'm so glad to hear about your plan (1) ____ to visit _____ Vietnam this

7. Instead of forcing children to do things in a very controlling way, parents (ought, explanation) ____________ _____ought to explain______ what they expect them to do and why. 8. Most teens become (depress) _____depressed_____ if their romantic relationship ends. C. READING I. Decide whether the following statements are True, False or Not given. Graduating from high school is one of the most important milestones in your life. It's when you have to decide whether you should go to university or you should stop going to school and get a job or attend a vocational training course. Each system has its own focus, style of learning and unique strengths to offer, which can make choosing the right option for you a challenge. The most important factors to consider are your strengths and your interests. If you have a specific career in mind like one in medicine or science, going to university is the best choice, because these jobs really need the academic knowledge only a university education can give you. However, if you simply want to enter higher education because you believe that a degree will open doors for you once you enter the job market, you should think it over. You can

summer vacation and your eagerness to know about some general family rules for teenagers in Vietnam. I've just told my parents about your forthcoming trip, and they said they are very happy to welcome you to our house. About some Vietnamese family rules for teens, I think that there are three most crucial ones that family members, especially teenagers are expected to follow. First of all, respecting the elderly is the most noticeable family tradition or value. From early ages, children are taught to (2) ___ pay homage to ___ their parents and other older people. Parents themselves set good examples for their children by looking after their old-aged parents and providing them with both financial and emotional support. Secondly, it's expected that adolescents help their parents around with the housework and other home duties. Teens can help cook meals, do the washing up, tidy up the house or (3) ____take_____ care of younger siblings. Those who live in the countryside are sometimes required to work on the farm with their parents to support the family. Last but not least, children are supposed to perform well at school. Most Vietnamese people believe that education is the only weapon to combat poverty and change a person's life, so

parents want their children to study hard in the hope of a bright future. Then children may have a better chance (4) ____ to help ____ their parents in return.

impairment

/ɪmˈpeəmənt/

(n.)

sự suy yếu, hư hại, hư hỏng

integrate

/ˈɪntɪɡreɪt/

(v.)

hòa nhập, hội nhập phát động, khởi động

Life is changing day by day, and family rules are changing as well. However, in my view,

launch

/lɔ:ntʃ/

(v.)

the three mentioned rules remain (5) ____ unchanged ____in our culture. I hope this information

physical

/ˈfɪzɪkl/

(adj.) (thuộc về) cơ thể, thể chất

is useful to you. If you have any questions, please let me know. I look forward to seeing you in Vietnam! Lots of love, Gia Han II. Rewrite each sentence without changing its meaning, using the given word(s)in brackets. 1. Tim doesn’t have to agree with everything his parents say. (It, necessary) It is not necessary for Tim to agree with everything his parents say. 2. My parents always refuse to allow me to stay out late. (never, let)

principal

/ˈprɪnsəpl/

(n.)

hiệu trưởng

talent

/ˈtælənt/

(n.)

tài năng, người có tài

visual

/ˈvɪʒuəl/

(adj.) (thuộc về) thị giác, có liên quan đến thị giác

volunteer

/ˌvɒlənˈtɪə(r)/

(n.)

accessible

/əkˈsesəbl/

(adj.) có thể tiếp cận được

coordination

/kəʊˌɔːdɪˈneɪʃn/

(n.)

sự hợp tác sự phân biệt đối xử

người tình nguyện, tình nguyện viên

discrimination

/dɪˌskrɪmɪˈneɪʃn/

(n.)

fracture

/ˈfræktʃə(r)/

(n.) (v.) (chỗ/sự) gãy xương)

hardship

/ˈhɑ:dʃɪp/

(n)

sự vất vả

ingredient

/ɪn'gri:diənt/

(n.)

thành phần, nguyên liệu

involve

/ɪnˈvɒlv/

(v.)

bao gồm, bao hàm

limitation

/ˌlɪmɪ'teɪʃn/

(n.)

sự giới hạn, hạn chế

Unit 4. CARING FOR THOSE IN NEED - KEY

millennium

/mɪ'leniəm/

(n.)

thiên niên kỷ

PART 1: VOCABULARY AND GRAMMAR REVIEW

mobility

/məʊˈbɪləti/

(n.)

tính di động, lưu động

A. VOCABULARY

pedestrian

/pə'destriən/

(n.)

người đi bộ

barrier

/ˈbæriə(r)/

(n.)

promote

/prə'məʊt/

(v.)

khuyến khích, đẩy mạnh, làm tăng thêm

blind

/blaɪnd/

(adj.) mù, không nhìn thấy được

rewarding

/rɪ'wɔ:dɪŋ/

(adj.) bổ ích, đáng làm

(n.)

chiến dịch

support

/səˈpɔːt/

(n.) (v.) (sự) ủng hộ, khuyến khích

hội từ thiện, việc từ thiện

vocational training

/vəʊ'keɪʃənl 'treɪnɪŋ/ (n. phr.) đào tạo nghề /ˈwiːltʃeə(r)/

My parents never let me stay out late. 3. She has a lot of friends because she’s willing to help others unconditionally. (because of, willingness) She has a lot of friends because of her willingness to help others unconditionally.

campaign

/kæmˈpeɪn/

rào cản, chướng ngại vật

charity

/ˈtʃærəti/

(n.)

cognitive

/ˈkɒɡnətɪv/

(adj.) liên quan đến nhận thức

wheelchair

deaf

/def/

(adj.) điếc, không nghe thấy được

B. GRAMMAR REVIEW

disability

/ˌdɪsəˈbɪləti/

(n.)

disabled

/dɪsˈeɪbld/

(adj.) (n.) không có khả năng sử dụng chân tay,

disrespectful

/ˌdɪsrɪˈspektfl/

(adj.) thiếu tôn trọng

donate

/dəʊˈneɪt/

(v.)

dumb

/dʌm/

(adj.) câm, không nói được

effectively

/ɪˈfektɪvli

(adv.) hiệu quả

sự ốm yếu, tàn tật

người tàn tật quyên góp, tặng

(n.)

xe lăn

So sánh thì hiện tại hoàn thành và quá khứ đơn (Comparison of present perfect and past simple) I. Dạng thức Hiện tại hoàn thành + Khẳng định S + have (‘ve)/ has (‘s) + VPII ... Eg: I have already taken the English test. (Tôi đã làm bài thi tiếng Anh rồi.)

+ Phủ định

- ... ago (two years ago, centuries ago, ...) (... trước) S+ have not (haven't)/ has not (hasn't) + VPII ...

Eg: He hasnt taken the English test yet. (Anh ấy vẫn chưa làm bài thi tiếng Anh.)

I graduated from university three years ago. (Tôi tốt nghiệp đại học ba năm trước đây.) - in + past time (in 1990, in the 19th century, ...) (vào thời điểm ) He was born in 1995. (Anh ấy sinh năm 1995.).

+ Nghi vấn Have/ Has + S + VPII ......? Eg: Have they taken the English test yet? (Họ đã làm bài thi tiếng Anh chưa?)

III. Cách sử dụng 1. Xét về thời điểm diễn ra của sự việc trong quá khứ Thì hiện tại hoàn thành diễn tả một hành động xảy ra và kết thúc tại một thời điểm không xác định trong quá khứ.

Quá khứ đơn + Khẳng định S+ Vpast tense …. Eg: I went to the movies yesterday. (Hôm qua tôi đi xem phim.)

Ví dụ: Don isn't here now. He has left for Singapore. (Hiện giờ Don không có ở đây, Anh ấy đã đến Singapore.) Thì quá khứ đơn diễn tả một hành động xảy ra và kết thúc tại một thời điểm xác định

+ Phủ định S+ did not (didn't) + V... Eg: He didn't go to the movies yesterday. (Hôm qua anh ấy không đi xem phim.)

trong quá khứ. Ví dụ: Don left for Singapore yesterday. (Don đến Singapore vào ngày hôm qua.) 2. Xét về hành động trong quá khứ có hoặc không có liên quan đến hiện tại

+ Nghi vấn Did + S + V ...? Eg: Did they go to the movies yesterday? (Hôm qua họ có đi xem phim không?) II. Các dấu hiệu nhận biết Hiện tại hoàn thành - already (då ...rồi): I have already cooked dinner. (Tôi đã nấu bữa tối rồi.) - yet (chưa): Have you spoken to him yet? (Bạn đã nói chuyện với anh ấy chưa?) - just (vừa mới): He's just finished his homework. (Anh ấy vừa mới hoàn thành bài tập về nhà của anh ấy.) - recently (gần đây): He has bought a new car recently. (Gần đây anh ấy mua một chiếc xe hơi mới.)

Thì hiện tại hoàn thành diễn tả hành động đã xảy ra và còn kết quả ở hiện tại. Ví dụ: I’ve typed 10 letters this morning. (Sáng nay tôi đánh máy 10 bức thư.) Câu này có thể được nói trong tình huống “Bấy giờ vẫn còn là buổi sáng, và tôi có thể vẫn đánh máy được nhiều bức thư hơn nữa” Thì quá khứ đơn diễn tả hành động đã xảy ra và không còn kết quả ở hiện tại. Ví dụ: I typed 10 letters this morning. (Sáng nay tôi đã đánh máy 10 bức thư.) Câu này có thể được nói trong tình huống “Bây giờ không còn là buổi sáng, và tôi không đánh được thêm bức thư nào vào buổi sáng nữa” 3. Các ví dụ khác minh họa sự khác biệt giữa hai thì Ví dụ 1:

→ Không nhấn mạnh vào thời điểm đến đảo Bali

- ever (đã từng): Have you ever visited Paris? (Bạn đã từng đến thăm Paris chưa?)

B: When did you go there? (Bạn đến đó khi nào?)

- never (chưa bao giờ): I have never seen a lion. (Tôi chưa bao giờ nhìn thấy một con sư tử.)

→ Nhấn mạnh (hỏi) về thời điểm đến đảo Bali Ví dụ 2:

- since (kể từ): She’s been ill since Monday. (Cô ấy bị ốm từ hôm thứ Hai.) - for (trong khoảng): My daughter has been ill for two days. (Con gái của tôi bị ốm hai ngày rồi.) Quá khứ đơn - yesterday (hôm qua): Yesterday I stayed at home. (Tôi ở nhà vào ngày hôm qua.)

A: I have been to the island of Bali. (Tôi đã đến hòn đảo Bali.)

Ví dụ 2:

He has lived in Madrid for two years. (Anh ấy đã sống ở Madrid hai năm rồi.) → Hành động còn liên quan đến hiện tại vì anh ấy vẫn đang sống ở Madrid. He lived in Madrid for two years. (Anh ấy đã sống ở Madrid hai năm rồi.) → Không còn liên quan đến hiện tại vì anh ấy không còn sống ở Madrid. PART 2: EXERCISES

- last ... (last week, last month, last year, ...) (... truớc): She got married last year. (Cô ấy kết hôn vào năm ngoái.)

A. PHONETICS

I. Choose the word whose underlined part is pronounced differently from that of the others

V. Complete the sentences using the given words.

in each group.

impairments

voluntary

visual

volunteers

1. A. comfort

B. hobby

C. knowledge

D. popular

2. A. about

B. announce

C. cough

D. shout

1. People with physical _______ impairments _________ have difficulty climbing stairs.

3. A. hood

B. hook

C. stood

D. tool

2. This special school helps students with _______ visual ______ impairments to learn Braille.

4. A. done

B. gone

C. mum

D. won

3. Many ____ volunteers ______ have taken part in our programmes since the campaign was

5. A. coup

B. group

C. soup

D. tough

launched.

6. A. filled

B. landed

C. suited

D. wicked

7. A. cloth

B. clothe

C. with

4. We have launched various services to _______ support _____ people with learning disabilities.

8. A. cease

B. chase

C. increase

support

D. without D. raise

5. We completed a ______ voluntary ______ project for our community center a month ago.

9. A. beds

B. doors

C. students

D. plays

VI. Fill in each gap with the past simple or the present perfect form of the given word(s).

10. A. gypsy

B. huge

C. piggy

D. strange

1. Last night I (lose) _______lost________ my keys. I had to call my flatmate to let me in.

II. Pick out the words whose main stressed syllable is different from the rest.

2. I (lose) ______have lost________ my keys. Can you help me look for them?

1. A. silent

B. children

C. village

D. advice

3. He (live) _____lived______ with his great grandmother for a few years - she died when he

2. A. important

B. performance

C. silently

D. permission

was eight.

3. A. efficient

B. flowery

C. flourishing

D. gramophone

4. A. inhabitant

B. initiate

C. engineering

D. ingenious

4. She and her best friends (know) _______have known_______ each other for over fifteen years. They still get together once a week.

5. A. content

B. advice

C. promise

D. admire

B: I (break) _____have broken_____ a glass.

II1. Put the given words into the right group. visual blind

deaf

donate

launch

campaign

dumb

disabled

talent

cognitive

Disabilities blind, deaf, dumb, disabled, cognitive,

6. She (be) ______has been_______ a teacher for ten years, and she still enjoys it. impairments

Others visual, talent, launch, campaign, donate

impairments IV. Choose the suitable word to complete the sentence. 1. Last week we interviewed some volunteers who had worked with disabled/disabilities students. 2. There are more devices to enable people with impairments/physical disabilitiesto travel around. 3. These are students with various visual, hearing/deaf, physical and cognitive impairments. 4. We need to help disabled students to become independent and integrate/launch in the community. 5. The students in our class have charity/donated more than 50 gifts.

A: What's wrong?

7. How many times (she/ go) _____did she go_____ to the cinema last month? 8. Aunt to Jonny: Jonny, I can't believe how much you've changed since the last time I saw you. You (grow) ____have grown______ at least a foot! 9.

A: How long (you/ live) ______did you live_____ in Paris? B: Twenty years. We came back to live in England in 2010.

10.

A: How long (you/ live) _____have you lived_____ in Japan? B: Four years. And we really like it here.

VII. Complete the second sentence so that it has the same meaning as the first one. 1. The company last won a trophy 20 years ago. The company hasn't won a trophy __________for 20 years_______ 2. The club has been successful for three years. The club started to be successful ____________three years ago_________ 3. The team last won a home game in September.

The team hasn't won a home game ________since September___________ 4. Peter hasn't scored a goal for 2 months.

1. When I turned on the radio yesterday, I heard a song that was popular when I was in high school.

Peter last scored a goal ____________2 months ago__________ 5. The club started to play in this stadium in 2010. The club has played in this stadium _____________since 2010___________

A. Correct

6. She became the marketing manager 4 months ago. She has been the marketing manager __________for 4 months_________

A. Correct

His sister has been injured ____________for three weeks_________

B. Incorrect

4. Look! There is so much food left. Nobody has eaten anything.

weeks___ 8. His sister got injured three weeks ago, and she's still in hospital now.

B. Incorrect

3. The US president has visited our country three times in the last two years.

7. Lien last visited a centre for children with cognitive impairments two weeks ago. Lien hasn't visited a centre for children with cognitive impairments _____for two

B. Incorrect

2. Ben has had a beautiful house near the beach for more than 20 years, but he sold it about five years ago.

A. Correct

B. Incorrect

5. We had a nice honeymoon in Budapest a few days ago but the journey to this beautiful city was exhausting as we have spent ten hours sitting on the train. A. Correct

VIII. Choose the suitable word to complete each sentence.

B. Incorrect

1. Last year I volunteered to teach at a school for people with hearing impairments and

6. I watched fireworks on New Year's Eve twice - once last year and once this year. I hope I can

launched/have launched a campaign to help them.

watch it next year.

B: Three times so far. 3.

A. Correct

A: How many times did you try/have you triedto pass your driving test?

A. Correct

A: I can't send my e-mails because my computer's broken. B: How long was your computer/has your computerbeenbroken?

5. 6. 7.

B. Incorrect

8. John joined our team as a novice since last summer. Today he's promoted as the leader. A. Correct

A: About a week. I'm going to take it back to the shop when I have time. 4.

B. Incorrect

7. How often did you go on holiday when you were a child?

B. Incorrect

A: I went to Japan on holiday last year.

X. Give the correct forms of the verbs in brackets using simple past or present perfect.

B: How long were you/have you been there?

1. The floor looks dirty. I'm sure you (not clean up) ______haven’t clean up ______.

A: Only two weeks. It wasn't really long enough to see everything.

2. (you/enjoy) _______Did you enjoy________ the party last night?

A: When did he arrive/has he arrived?

3. My bicycle isn't here. I think someone (just take) _____has just taken_____ it.

B: He arrived at 2 o'clock.

4. They (know) ______have known_____ each other since they were children.

A: Why don't you want to play football with us this weekend?

5. They are the most kind-hearted people he (ever meet) _______has ever met_______.

B: I broke/have brokenmy leg.

6. He was late yesterday because he (be) ________was_________ stuck in the traffic jam.

A: I never drank/have never drunkwhiskey.

7. Last year, he (donate) __________donated_______ 99% of his fortune to charitable

B: Have some now. 8. My best friend, Linh went to Canana two years ago, but I wasn't/haven't beenthere so far. IX. Decide whether the underlined parts in the following sentences are Correct or Incorrect in terms of grammar.

organizations. 8. I (be) _________have been_________ a member of this non-profit organization since 1996. 9. She (make) __________has made_________ many new friends since she joined this English club.

10. Last month I (feel) ________felt________ happy when I cooked a meal for the elderly at a nursing home.

7. Lucky you! I (be / never) _____have never been_____ to London.

XI. Put the verbs into the correct tense (simple past or present perfect simple).

1. A: (you / try / ever) _____Have you ever tried______ haggis?

1. Mother: I want to prepare dinner. (you/ wash) _______Have you washed____ the dishes yet?

2. B: Oh, yes!

2. Daughter: I (wash) _____washed ____ the dishes yesterday, but I (have / not) _____have not had_______ the time yet to do it today.

3. A: How often (you / eat) ______have you eaten________ haggis yet?

XIV. Put the verbs into the correct tense (simple past or present perfect simple).

4. B: Two times exactly.

3. Mother: (you/do/yet) ______Have you done____ your homework __________yet_______?

5. A: When (you / eat/ first) ______did you first eat______ haggis?

4. Daughter: No, I (come / just) ______have just come_________ home from school.

6. B: That (be) ___was____ in 2005. We (have) ____had__ a Scottish festival in our town and

5. Mother: You (come) ______came_______ home from school two hours ago!

they also (sell) ______sold____ traditional Scottish food. So I (buy) ____bought____ haggis.

6. Daughter: Well, but my friend Lucy (call) _______called________ when I (arrive)

7. A: (you / like) _____Did you like_____ it?

_____arrived_______ and I (finish / just) _____have just finished______ the phone call.

8. B: It (be / not) _______was not_________ too bad. And I (know / not) ____did not know___ anything about haggis then.

7. Mother: (you/ see / not) _____Didn’t you see___ Lucy at school in the morning? 8. Daughter: Yes, but we (have / not) ________did not have_____ time to talk then.

9. A: When (you / find out) _____did you find out___?

XII. Put the verbs into the correct tense (simple past or present perfect simple).

10. B: When I (be) ______was_____ in Scotland in 2007. I (go) _____went____ to a restaurant

1. I (cycle /just) _______have just cycled__________ 50 km.

and (order) _______ordered_______ haggis. Afterwards, the waiter (tell)

2. I (cycle) ______ cycled _________ 100 km last week. 3. I (write) _____wrote______ an essay yesterday.

_______told________ me about haggis: it's the heart, liver and lungs of a sheep, boiled in the animal's stomach. Well, I (eat / never) ____have never eaten__ haggis again since then.

4. I (write / already) ______have already written_____ two essays this term.

XV. Put the verbs into the correct tense (simple past or present perfect simple).

5. I (ring/just) _____have just rung_______ my friend.

1. A: (you / play / ever) _____Have you ever played_____ the new computer game?

6. I (ring) _______rang_________ my friend 10 minutes ago.

2. B: No, not yet. I only (buy) ___bought___ it yesterday and I (have / not) ___have not had____ the time yet.

7. Two days ago, I (watch) _______watched______ a Madonna concert on TV. 8. I (see / already) _______have already seen________ Madonna live in concert. 9. I (spend) ________spent_______ my summer holiday in Australia last year. 10. I (be/not) ______have not been________ to Australia yet. XIII. Put the verbs into the correct tense in the following dialogue (simple past or present perfect simple). 1. A: (you / be / ever) ______Have you ever been_____ to London? 2. B: Yes, I (be) _____have been______ there three times. 3. A: When (be) ______was_______ the last time you (be) ______were_____ there? 4. B: Last summer. I (spend) ________spent_______ two weeks in Brighton with my parents and we (go) ______went_________ to London one weekend. 5. (you/ like) _______Did you like______ it? 6. Oh yes. We really (have) ____had___ a great time in London.

3. A: (you / go) ____Did you go___ to the cinema last night? 4. B: Yes. I (be) _____was_____ there with Sue and Louis. (you / be) ____Have you been_____ to the cinema recently? 5. A: I last (go) _____went____ to the cinema two weeks ago. 6. B: So you (see / not) _____have not seen____ the new action film yet. 7. A: No, unfortunately not. (you / enjoy) _____Did you enjoy___ it? 8. B: Oh, I really (love) _____loved____ it. But Sue (like / not) _____did not like____ it - too much action! 9. A: But why (you / take) ___did you take____ her with you? She (tell) ______told___ me last week that she (hate) _____hated______ action films. XVI. Put the verbs into the correct tense (simple past or present perfect simple). 1. I (just / finish) ______have just finished_____ my homework.

2. Mary (already / write) ____has already written___ five letters.

C. A few short essays

3. Tom (move) ____moved____ to this town in 1994.

D. The roster of volunteer placements

4. My friend (be) _____was____ in Canada two years ago.

4. What can the volunteers do after seven weeks of volunteering?

5. I (not / be) ________have not been______ to Canada so far.

A. They can have two weeks to travel independently

6. I (already / travel) ______have already travelled_____ to London a couple of times.

B. They can have two weeks to evaluate the program

7. Last week, Mary and Paul (go) _____went______ to the cinema.

C. They can return to London

8. I can't take any pictures because I (not / buy) ______have not bought____ a new film yet. 9. (they / spend) _____Did they spend____ their holiday in New Zealand last summer?

D. They can get their flight back to the United States 5. How does the volunteer coordinator keep in contact with you?

10. (you / ever / see) ____Have you ever seen___ a whale?

A. Through television and newspapers

B. Through telephone and e-mails

C. READING

C. Through mailings and e-mails

D. Through radio and cell phone

I. Read the passage and answer the following questions.

II. Read the following passage and choose the best option.

Each summer, the Winant and Clayton Volunteer program sends a group of Americans to volunteer in London for seven weeks and provides housing and a small stipend to help defray the

The United States has been criticized for its treatment of its elderly citizens. Although in many other countries the elderly usually live with their children's family, many older Americans

high cost of living. After seven weeks of volunteering, participants have two weeks to travel

live alone, without the close companionship of their children. This situation is sometimes blamed

independently before returning to London to evaluate the program and get their flight back to the

on the "selfishness" of the young generation, but a closer look shows that many of the elderly

United States.

prefer to maintain their independent lives.

The application includes a few short essays, a series of questions about the type of placement one would prefer, and an informal interview with former volunteers that gives

Research on the situation of the elderly in America has shown that while grandparents are delighted to be visited periodically by their children and grandchildren, they prefer to continue

applicants a chance to find out more about the program.

living in the surroundings that they are familiar with. This suggests that children should permit

Deciding to participate takes a small leap of faith. The roster of volunteer placements and housing options can change from year to year and volunteers can't choose their placement in

their parents to live alone if they wish to, and should encourage them to maintain close ties to the

advance. But once you're accepted you instantly feel that you've joined a close-knit group. The volunteer coordinator is in frequent contact through mailings and e-mails to help you prepare for

Another surprising result of the research on the elderly in the United States has been the very positive influence which pets have been found to have on the elderly people that they live

the trip, and there is a daylong orientation in New York that bring all the volunteers together

with. It has been shown that elderly people who care for small pets, such as cats and dogs, live

before departure for London.

longer, are healthier, and have better attitudes towards their lives than similar elderly people without these companions.

1. How long do a group of Americans volunteer in London? A. two weeks

B. each summer

C. seven weeks

D. three weeks

2. What does the Winant and Clayton Volunteer program provide them with? A. housing and a small stipend

B. a few short essays

C. transportation

D. foods and clothes

rest of the family.

3. Which of the following is NOT included in the application?

1. Many elderly Americans live ____. A. without satisfaction.

B. by themselves.

C. a lonely life.

D. a simple life.

2. What do some people see as the cause of this situation? A. The society of the USA treats its elderly people as troubles.

A. A series of questions about the type of placement one would prefer

B. The young people usually trouble the elderly of their own.

B. An informal interview with former volunteers

C. The government concerns hardly about the elderly people. D. The young people are too selfish.

3. Many of the elderly Americans want to ____. A. keep living in their well-known places and conditions.

Elderly people have age-related health issues. This is a normal part of life and cannot be avoided. Proper care and nursing facilities go a long way in keeping most of these health issues in check

B. remain with the grandchildren in their houses.

and also preventing them from causing any serious harm. Regular medical check-ups are useful

C. remove to their sons' or daughters' homes.

to monitor the health or the elderly and also to anticipate potential future issues. Regular medical

D. live with their friends in their hometown.

check ups also help in identifying serious health problems at the initial stage when (6) _____ treatment ___ has a greater chance of success.

4. The author advises the young people to ____. A. keep close ties with the elderly of their own.

As people age, their digestive systems gradually starts to weaken. Elderly people often find that they have difficulty digesting certain foods. It is important to realize that diet has to

B. let the elderly of their families live by themselves.

change to accommodate the reduced ability of the body. It may be okay to over-indulge with

C. permit their elderly relatives to raise some pets.

regards to food when young. But for the elderly, a nutritious and balanced diet made up of

D. respect the wishes of their elderly parents.

foodstuffs that the digestive system is able to accept is of utmost importance. Very often, the diet needs to be altered taking into consideration the medicines that are consumed each day.

5. The author's main thought is that ____.

For the elderly whose mobility has been affected due to (7) ______aging____, a certain

A. the elderly who care for some pets live together. B. the social practice in the USA makes the elderly live alone.

amount of assistance in the daily routines becomes a necessity. It may not be possible for a

C. the elderly people should have better attitudes towards their lives.

family member to be present the whole day. Home nurses are the latest professionals to have

D. it is a social tradition that the elderly Americans enjoy the self-directing lives.

appeared on the career list. For those elderly who need assistance in basic activities like walking, eating, bathing and dressing a home nurse is an invaluable companion.

III. Fill in each blank with a suitable word in the box. treatment

social

retirement

elderly

aspects

physical

aging

needs

pensioners

The elderly have (8) _____social____ needs too. Being debilitated by age is no reason for the elderly to be confined to themselves or in their rooms. Modern medicine recognises as fact that the elderly, just as ordinary people, need to feel wanted, cared for and loved. The world

There are many (1) _____ aspects ___ that are involved in taking care of (2) ____ elderly ____ or aged people. Those who have the responsibility of taking care of the aged need to be

over, kind-hearted people take turns to give companionship to the elderly. Oftentimes, just physical proximity is enough comfort for the elderly. Some read to them and some others chat

aware of the various needs and requirements that the elderly have.

with them.

Elderly individuals who live (3) ____on_____ their own, without the support of anyone, may have a certain amount of financial needs. Such people need to fend for themselves for

an example, air-conditioning may be looked upon as a necessity for the young. Yet, for an aged

everything, including food, groceries, medicines etc. (4) ____ pensioners ___ have the benefit of a steady source of monthly income. Those who do not have any pension or other source of income would have to live entirely on their saving or through special senior citizens' government financial schemes or donations from charitable organisations. It is natural that elderly people prefer staying at home in their old age. This brings the

(9) _____ physical _____ comfort for the elderly differs from the needs of the young. As body, it may be very uncomfortable. Considering all that has been said, is it any wonder that care homes have become a billion dollar industry? Not every business is about profits. Care homes serve an important purpose in modern society. Nursing homes, care homes, (10) ____ retirement _____ villages and retirement communities are just some of the forms that organised elderly care has taken. In the United

benefit of familiar surroundings and people around them. The homes of such people may be

States alone, this industry was worth USD 17 billion in 2010.

modified to accommodate their changing needs. There is the added benefit of familiar

IV. Read the text and decide the following statements are True or False.

neighbours in the event of an emergency. Transportation is quick and easier for elderly people residing in areas that are familiar to them. Health services are the most important requirement when it comes to elderly (5) _____ needs ____.

As you are reading this text, someone in your country has been affected by the AIDS crisis. People in every part of the world have been affected by the AIDS pandemic. Every nation

in the world has had to take steps to address it. According to a recent United Nations estimate, 38.5 million people across the globe are infected with HIV-AIDS. Because AIDS has had such far-reaching effects, in the year 2000, for the first time in the

mobilizes community-based volunteer groups to go to the homes or orphaned children with daily supplies of food, money and advice on how to spend it. The aid workers also know the necessity of encouraging the children to go to school. Children's chances of completing their education are

history of the United Nations, the Security Council took up a health issue - HIV-AIDS. The

cut in half once they become orphans.

world body declared the spread of the virus a global emergency, a threat to peace and security in Africa, the continent that has been the hardest hit by the disease. The AIDS virus was considered

In the Ugandan village of Kalong, for example, a tragic scene that is all too common in rural villages took place: six-year-old Nakeyeyune cried as the elders decided who would take

no less destructive than warfare itself. In the year 2000, armed conflict took the lives of 2,000 people in Africa, while the AIDS virus claimed the lives of 2 million.

custody of her six-month-old brother and other young siblings after both his parents had died from AIDS-related causes. In Uganda, one quarter of all families are caring for AIDS orphans.

World-wide, the effect of the spreading AIDS virus has created 16.6 million orphans, 90

The poverty of many rural families makes it difficult for them to take responsibility for more

per cent of whom are in sub-Saharan Africa, a region where the crisis has been particularly deadly. Because so many have died, the very infrastructure of the region is endangered. So many

children.

people who play key roles in society - doctors, teachers, farmers - are dying of AIDS.

fostering micro-credit cooperatives in rural villages. Micro-credit programmes allow traditional craft-makers and farmers to form cooperatives and sell more of what they produce. The

What is the United Nations doing to address the AIDS crisis? UN-AIDS and its agencies

One way the United Nations helps single and foster parents to raise income levels is by

have brought some innovative ways of spreading the message that, first, people need to

increased incomes enable single and adoptive fosterparents to raise their income levels so they

overcome the stigma of AIDS so they can come forward to learn about prevention, diagnosis and treatment. One way to transmit this message is by providing education and AIDS awareness

can support orphaned children. Such programmes have been especially successful among single

training to local community members whose work brings them into regular contact with other members. One such local community member is Paul Lopez, a hairdresser in Mexico City. Paul's

False 1. Only a few parts of the world have been affected by the AIDS crisis.

clients tend to confide in him, their regular hairdresser. Therefore, he was trained by a UN-AIDS

True 2. In this writing, over 40 million people in the world are affected with HIV-AIDS.

programme to dispense advice about testing and treatment of HIV-AIDS. Now, along with

False 3. The Security Council had often dealt with medical issues.

advice about beauty, Paul tells clients how they can protect themselves from the AIDS virus or where they can go for treatment should they need it.

False 4. The Secretary-General said the AIDS crisis could not compare with the devastating effects of war.

Another crisis that United Nations programmes address is the crisis of care produced by the overwhelming number of AIDS orphans, 95 per cent of whom are in sub-Saharan Africa, where the spread of AIDS has been particularly lethal. Normally, when a child's parents die of AIDS, other family members, such as uncles and aunts, will take responsibility for the orphaned child. But because there are such increasing numbers of AIDS orphans and because the economic resources of some communities

mothers.

False 5. There are a total of 13 million orphans in the world. False 6. UN aid workers take jobs as hairdressers and farmers in local communities to help fight the spread of AIDS. False 7. Orphans never live alone in any country. True 8. Sometimes AIDS orphans have to work to support younger brothers and sisters.

are so limited, it is increasingly difficult to find adults who can take in extra children. Often,

True 9. UNICEF aid workers bring food, money, and advice to the orphans.

children live by themselves in their deceased parents' home, surviving as well as they can.

True 10. In Uganda (at this writing) 25 per cent of families take care of AIDS orphans.

A typical case is fourteen year-old Justin of Malawi, who has to care for his 10-year-old brother and nine-year-old sister. Justin says it is very hard to find enough to eat although he does

False 11. Families who take care of orphans have enough resources to do so easily.

his best to support himself and his siblings through his job carrying food for merchants. Since

True 12. The United Nations has sponsored micro-credit cooperatives to help guardians support orphaned children.

Justin and his siblings have no one to take them in, they continue to live by themselves in their

D. WRITING

deceased parents' home. United Nations and its agencies such as UNICEF sends aid workers and

I. Write a sentence with the given words so that it has similar meaning to the given

We need to change the way we think about and act towards people in need.

sentence. Use the past simple or the present perfect.

4. improve / home safety / provide / friendly environment / disabled people/.

This is the first time Mary has had a tablet.

We should improve home safety and provide a friendly environment for disabled people.

Mary/ have/ never/ a tablet/ before

5. remove / barriers / stop / disabled / contribute / the community/.

Mary has never had a tablet before.

We ought to remove the barriers that stop disabled people from contributing to the community.

We haven't seen Mark since last week.

6. provide / people / hearing impairments / with / suitable / hearing aids /.

The last time/ we/ see/ Mark/ be/ last week

We should provide people with hearing impairments with suitable hearing aids.

The last time we saw Mark was last week.

III. Make sentences from the words in brackets. Use the present perfect or past simple.

Nick joined a golf club a year ago.

1. it/ not/ rain/ this week)

Nick/ be/ a member of a golf club/ a year

2. (the weather/ be/ cold/ recently)

Nick has been a member of a golf club for a year. 4.

Mr. Diamond lives in Singapore. He moved there in 2010. Mr. Diamond/ live/ in Singapore/ 2010

Mr. Diamond has lived in Singapore since 2010. 5.

I have attended an English course for three weeks. I/ start/ an English course/ three weeks

I started an English course three weeks ago. 6.

→ It hasn't rained this week.

The weather _______has been cold recently___________ 3. (it/ cold/ last week) It _________was cold last week___________ 4. (I/ not/ read/ a newspaper yesterday) I _________didn’t read anewspaper yesterday ______ 5. (I/ not/ read/ a newspaper today) I ______haven’t read a newspaper today __________

Phuong is still working on her homework.

6. (Emily/ earn/a lot of money/ this year)

Phuong/ not/ finish/ her homework/ yet

Emily has earned a lot of money this year.

Phuong has not finished her homework yet.

7. (she/ not/ earn/ so much/ last year)

We haven't played tennis for a month.

She didn’t earn so much last year.

We/ last/ play/ tennis/ a month

8. (you/ have/ a holiday recently?)

We last played tennis a month ago. 8.

Have you had a holiday recently?

Mr. Phil is a swimmer. He started swimming when he was five years old. Mr. Phil/ be/ a swimmer/ he/ be/ five

PART 3: TEST YOURSELF A. PHONETICS

Mr. Philhas been a swimmer since he has five.

I. Choose the word whose underlined part is pronounced differently from that of the others

II. Write recommendations to improve accessibility for disabled people, using the words

in each group.

and phrases given. Change the word forms, if necessary.

1. A. chores

B. brothers

C. boys

D. students

1. consider / ways / make / day-to-day life / easier /.

2. A. crocodile

B. signature

C. dine

D. dinosaur

We ought to consider different ways to make day-to-day life easier for people with disabilities.

3. A. apple

B. basic

C. transit

D. tramp

2. help / people with disabilities / engage / hobbies / activities /.

4. A. chimney

B. chemical

C. chilly

D. china

We should help people with disabilities (to) engage in hobbies and sports activities.

5. A. chick

B. service

C. textile

D. fabric

3. change / the way / think / act towards / people in need /.

II. Pick out the words whose main stressed syllable is different from the rest.

A. see

B. to see

C. seeing

1. A. oceanic

B. advantageous

C. compulsory

D. influential

4. These boys are so talented. They have been able to play musical instruments since they ____

2. A. inflation

B. maximum

C. applicant

D. character

five.

3. A. compulsory

B. biography

C. curriculum

D. admirable

4. A. struggle

B. anxious

C. confide

D. comfort

5. A. teacher

B. lesson

C. action

D. police

A. are

unpacked - gone 6. It's no use ____ to persuade him when he is in a bad mood.

I. Complete the sentences using the given words. campaign

donate

C. have been

A. was arriving - unpacking - going B. arrived - unpacked - went C. has arrived -

B. VOCABULARY AND GRAMMAR integrate

B. were

5. Yesterday, John ____ home, ____ his suitcase and ____ to bed early.

cognitive

A. tried

blind

B. trying

C. to try

1. He found it very difficult to _______ integrate ______ himself into a society whose culture is

7. How many times ____ to ring her back this morning? - Three times

too different from his own.

so far. A. do you try

2. We've received a lot of expressions of support for our ________ campaign ______. 3. When you _________ donate ________ money, you should help the poor not the rich. 4. _____ cognitive _______ impairment can cause problems with a person's thinking,

B. did you try

C. have you tried

8. Bean ____ Laura an apology because he left her to marry another girl without giving a clear explanation. A. owns

communication, understanding or memory.

B. owes

C. owing

5. Physical movement is one of the biggest challenges for ________ blind _________ people.

IV. Decide whether the underlined part in each of the following is Correct or Incorrect.

II. Complete the following sentences using the given words.

1. Betty deserves be the team leader because she really puts her mind to her work and gets on

1. When you encounter someone who is being rude or _____ DISRESPECTFUL _, it's hard to

well with her colleagues. A. Correct

know how to react. (RESPECTFUL)

B. Incorrect

2. Thanks to your ____DONATION____ today we are able to help disabled children in the neighbourhood. (DONATE)

2. We lived in Bangkok for ten months but we've been in London for the last three years.

3. Getting treatment for ______HEARING______ loss can greatly improve quality of life for

3. Mom: Hello.

individuals affected. (HEAR)

A. Correct

Son: Hi Mum, it's me. I want to say I've just arrived at Boston safely and everything is fine.

4. Visual ____IMPAIRMENTS___ cause issues with eyesight that can interfere with students' academic success. (IMPAIR)

A. Correct

____DISABILITIES____. (DISABLE)

A. Correct A. Correct

1. The boy from Brazil ____ to be the best dancer in the group. B. to appear

C. is appearing C. hasn't had

3. Bob can't stand not ____ Mary each day because she is an indispensable part of his life.

B. Incorrect

6. Visiting Gardens by the Bay and Botanic Gardens are a must if you are on a Singapore city tour.

2. He doesn't earn much money, so he ____ a car yet. B. didn't have

B. Incorrect

5. Shall we go to the cinema? I haven't been there since last month.

III. Choose the options that best fit the blanks.

A. isn't having

B. Incorrect

4. Lead a happy life isn't as easy as a pie because it depends on many factors.

5. This organization's main aim is to help disabled people to overcome their

A. appears

B. Incorrect

A. Correct

B. Incorrect

7. We are having a mini-discussion on a member state of ASEAN during our tomorrow's English lesson.

A. Correct

B. Incorrect

8. Although the chicken soup Linda cooked isn't tasting good, I still feel thankful for her care. A. Correct

1. When you go to Thailand, the first thing you should do is _______ visiting ________ the ancient temples. 2. The combination of sweet, sour, hot and _____ salty ______ flavours makes Thai cuisine so

B. Incorrect

C. READING

distinct.

I. Decide whether the following statements are True, False or Not given.

3. With over 13,000 islands, Indonesia has something unique to offer to all sorts of ______

Children with disabilities often have difficulties fulfilling tasks at school or in their daily

visitors _____.

life. However, nowadays their life seems to be easier with the help of technology. Assistive

4. From the _____ beautifulwhite ____ sands of Bali, to the vibrant capital city of Jakarta, to the

technology brings them devices that help them to perform activities.

untouched lands of Sumatra, you can always find something different in Indonesia.

Audio players and recorders may help these children to be able to listen to the words as they read them on the page. Many e-books have audio files, and smartphones and tablet

5. Situated in the midst of the Asia Pacific region, Malaysia _______ has _________ a strategic location and a year-round tropical climate.

computers come with text-to-speech software that can read aloud anything on children's screen.

II. Reorder the words or phrases to make complete sentences.

If they struggle with writing or taking notes, an audio recorder can capture what the teacher says

1. square/ of/ land/ has/ a/ kilometers/ Cambodia/ area/ 181,035

in class so the child can listen to it again at home.

Cambodia has a land area of 181,035 square kilometers.

Talking calculators and large-display calculators might be useful for people with visual impairments. A talking calculator has built-in speech output to read the numbers, symbols and

2. the/ is/ kip/ unit/ currency/ in/ The/ Laos/ Lao

operation keys aloud. It can help people confirm that they have pressed the correct keys. If children have trouble with writing, try using plastic pencil grips or a computer. Basic

The currency unit in Laos is the Lao kip. 3. spoken/ is/ Standard/ The/ official/ language/ in/ Brunei/ Malay The official language spoken in Brunei is Standard Malay.

word processing programs come with features that can help with spelling and grammar issues. Speech recognition software allows children to speak and have the text appear on the screen. 1. The life of disabled children is less hard with technology. A. True

B. False

Unit 5. BEING A PART OF ASEAN

C. Not given

2. Text-to-speech software can help students with cognitive impairment to learn more easily. A. True

B. False

C. Not given

3. Children can use an audio recorder to help them catch what the teacher says in class. A. True

B. False

C. Not given

4. People with hearing impairments might need help of talking calculators. A. True

B. False

C. Not given

5. Speech recognition software help disabled students by reading aloud what appear on the

PART 1: VOCABULARY AND GRAMMAR REVIEW A. VOCABULARY association

/əˌsəʊʃiˈeɪʃn/

(n.)

hội, hiệp hội

benefit

/ˈbenɪfɪt/

(n.)

lợi ích

bloc

/blɒk/

(n.)

khối

charter

/ˈtʃɑːtə(r)/

(n.)

hiến chương

cooperation

/kəʊˌɒpə'reɪʃn/

(n.)

sự hợp tác

dominate

/'dɒmɪneɪt/

(v.)

trội hơn, chiếm ưu thế

economy

/ɪˈkɒnəmi/

(n.)

nền kinh tế

D. WRITING

fundamental

/ˌfʌndə'mentl/

(adj.)

cơ bản, chủ yếu

1. Complete the sentences by choosing the appropriate word(s).

interference

/ˌɪntəˈfɪərəns/

(n.)

sự can thiệp

maintain

/meɪnˈteɪn/

(v.)

duy trì

principle

/prɪnsəpl/

(n.)

nguyên tắc

screen. A. True

has

B. False

salty

visiting

C. Not given

visitors

beautiful white

quiz

/kwɪz/

(v.)

kiểm tra, đố

regional

/ri:dʒənl/

(adj.)

(thuộc) khu vực, vùng

scholarship

/ˈskɒləʃɪp/

(n.)

học bổng

Danh động từ

Hiện tại phân từ

solidarity

/ˌsɒlɪ'dærəti/

(n.)

sự đoàn kết

Learning English is fun.

stability

/stəˈbɪləti/

(n.)

sự ổn định

(Học tiếng Anh thì rất vui.)

(Cô ấy đang học tiếng Anh.)

brochure

/ˈbrəʊʃə(r)/

(n.)

sách mỏng (thông tin, quảng cáo về

Learning là danh từ đóng vai trò chủ ngữ trong

Learning trong ví dụ này có hình thức là một

cái gì)

cấu và mang nghĩa là “việc học”. Vì vậy,

động từ thêm đuôi -ing được chia ở hiện tại

conference

/'kɒnfərəns/

hội nghị

learning trong câu này là một danh động từ.

tiếp diễn. Nó giữ vai trò là động từ ở dạng hiện

constitution

/ˌkɒnstɪˈtjuːʃn/ (n.)

(n.)

tại phần từ và mang nghĩa là “đang học”.

hiến pháp

dispute

/dɪ' spju:t/

(n.)

cuộc tranh luận, cuộc tranh chấp

elongated

/ˈiːlɒŋɡeɪtɪd/

(adj)

thon dài

external

/ɪkˈstɜːnl/

(adj.)

ở ngoài, bên ngoài

graceful

/ˈɡreɪsfl/

(adj.)

duyên dáng, yêu kiều

identity

/aɪˈdentəti/

(n.)

tính đồng nhất

in accordance with

/ɪn əˈkɔːdns wɪð/

(idiom)

phù hợp với

internal

/ɪnˈtɜ:nl/

(adj.)

ở trong, bên trong

motto

/ˈmɒtəʊ/

(n.)

khẩu hiệu, phương châm

official

/əˈfɪʃl/

(adj.)

chính thức

outer

/ˈaʊtə(r)/

(adj.)

bên ngoài

She's learning English.

2. Vai trò Danh động từ làm chủ ngữ. Studying is not always easy. (Việc học không phải lúc nào cũng dễ dàng.) Trong câu này, studying là một danh động từ được thành lập từ động từ study thêm đuôi -ing và đóng vai trò làm chủ ngữ trong câu. Danh động từ làm bổ ngữ. Her hobby is writing novels. (Sở thích của cô ấy là viết tiểu thuyết.) Writing trong câu này là danh động từ đóng vai trò làm bổ ngữ, đứng sau động từ to be is và bổ nghĩa cho chủ ngữ her hobby. Danh động từ làm tân ngữ. +) Danh động từ làm tân ngữ sau một số động từ:

progress

/ˈprəʊɡres/

(n.)

sự tiến bộ, sự tiến triển

She loves jogging. (Cô ấy thích chạy bộ.)

rank

/ræŋk/

(n.)

thứ hạng

Jogging đóng vai trò làm tấn ngữ đi sau động từ loves và bổ nghĩa cho động từ này.

sponsor

/'spɒnsə(n)/

(n.)

nhà tài trợ

vision

/ˈvɪʒn/

(n.)

tầm nhìn

B. GRAMMAR REVIEW

+) Danh động từ làm tấn ngữ sau một số động từ đi kèm với giới từ: I am thinking about going to the movies. (Tôi đang nghĩ về việc đi xem phim.) Going là một danh động từ đóng vai trò làm tân ngữ đi sau giới từ about và bổ nghĩa cho cụm động từ thinking about.

♣. Danh động từ (Gerunds) I. Định nghĩa và vai trò của danh động từ 1. Định nghĩa Danh động từ là một danh từ được hình thành bằng cách thêm đuôi -ing vào sau động từ. Gerund = Noun (V-ing)

+) Danh động từ làm tân ngữ sau một số cụm từ: She can't help laughing when watching the show. (Cô bé không nhịn được cười khi xem chương trình đó.) Laughing là danh động từ đóng vai trò làm tân ngữ đi sau cụm từ can't help và bổ nghĩa cho cụm từ này.

Phân biệt danh động từ và hiện tại phân từ:

II. Một số động từ hoặc cụm từ theo sau bởi danh động từ 1. Một số động từ theo sau bởi danh động từ

V + V-ing

dream of mơ về

Ví dụ: Technology encourages multitasking. (Công nghệ khuyến khích việc làm nhiều việc cùng một lúc.)

worry about lo lắng về

Ví dụ: She always worries about being late for school. (Cô ấy luôn lo lắng bị muộn học.) Theo sau cụm động từ worries about là danh động từ being được tạo thành bằng cách

Theo sau động từ encourages là danh động từ multitasking được thành lập bằng cách thêm -ing vào sau động từ multitask.

thêm -ing vào sau động từ be. She apologises for treating her aunt unkindly. (Cô ấy xin lỗi vì đối xử không tốt với dì

Một số động từ theo sau bởi danh động từ:

của cô ấy.) Động từ

Theo sau cụm động từ apologises for là danh động từ treating. Cấu trúc số 2:

admit thừa nhận

enjoy thích

permit cho phép

allow cho phép

finish hoàn thành

postpone trì hoãn

avoid tránh

forgive tha thứ

practise thực hành

delay trì hoãn

imagine tưởng tượng

recommend gợi ý

dislike không thích

involve liên quan đến bao

risk (có nguy cơ mạo hiểm)

Can't help không thể nhịn được không thể tránh được

gồm

suggest gợi ý

Can't stand/ Can't bear không thể chịu đựng được điều gì

encourage khuyến khích

Phrase + V-ing Một số cụm từ khác cũng theo sau bởi danh động từ: Cụm từ

mind thấy ngại/ thấy phiền

It's no use/ It's no good/ There's no point in không đáng để làm gì/ thật vô ích khi

Ví dụ: Would you mind explaining this again? (Phiến bạn giải thích lại giúp mình phần này

làm gì

được không?)

To be worth đáng để làm gì

Sau động từ mind là danh động từ explaining. My mother suggests visiting Da Nang. (Mẹ mình gợi ý nên đi thăm quan Đà Nẵng.) Sau động từ suggests là danh động từ visiting. 2. Một số cụm từ theo sau bởi danh động từ

Ví dụ: It’s worth challenging yourself. (Đáng để thử thách bản thân.) Theo sau cụm từ It’s worth là danh động từ challenging được tạo thành bằng cách thêm đuôi -ing vào sau động từ challenge.

Cấu trúc số 1:

There's no point in persuading her now. (Thật vô ích khi thuyết phục cô ấy bây giờ.) V + prep. + V-ing

Ví dụ: They focus on finishing the project. (Họ tập trung hoàn thành dự án.) Trong câu này, động từ focus đi kèm với on và theo sau bởi danh động từ finishing. Một số động từ đi kèm giới từ và theo sau bởi danh động từ: Cụm từ

Theo sau cụm từ There's no point in là danh động từ persuading. I can't bear being alone. (Tôi không thể chịu đựng nổi sự cô đơn.) Theo sau cụm từ can't bear là danh động từ being. ♣. Động từ chỉ trạng thái (Stative verbs) I. Định nghĩa

agree with đồng ý làm gì

focus on tập trung vào

Động từ chỉ trạng thái Stative verbs hay còn gọi là State verbs.

apologise for xin lỗi vì làm gì

insist on khăng khăng về

Là những động từ không mô tả hành động mà giúp mô tả một trạng thái hay tình

carry on tiếp tục làm gì

put off trì hoãn

huống mang tính ổn định, ít thay đổi và đúng trong một thời gian nhất định.

concentrate on tập trung vào

rely on tin tưởng vào

Ví dụ: - She is a pretty girl. (Cô ấy là một cô gái xinh xắn.)

depend on phụ thuộc vào

succeed in thành công trong

Trong câu này, is là động từ chỉ trạng thái chia ở hiện tại đơn theo chủ ngữ she. Is không mô tả hành

động của chủ thể she mà nó liên kết chủ thể này với cụm từ a pretty girl để nói lên đặc trưng của chủ thể

Nhóm 5: Các động từ khác be (là)

concern (bận tâm)

này là một cô gái xinh đẹp”. Đặc trưng này mang tính ổn định lâu dài.

deserve (xứng đáng)

matter (có ý nghĩa có tính chất quan trọng)

- They seem to be good friends. (Họ có vẻ là những người bạn tốt. ).

Ví dụ: - Your idea sounds great! (Ý kiến của bạn nghe có vẻ tuyệt đấy!)

Seem là động từ chỉ trạng thái mang nghĩa “dường như/ có vẻ” Động từ này được chia theo hiện tại đơn,

depend (phụ thuộc)

Sounds ở đây là động từ chỉ trạng thái mang nghĩa “nghe có vẻ”. Vì chia theo chủ ngữ số ít your idea nên chúng ta thêm s vào sau động từ này.

sau chủ ngữ số nhiều they nên được giữ nguyên.

- He doubts what Im saying. (Cậu ấy nghi ngờ những gì tôi đang nói.)

- To win or to lose. It depends on you! (Thắng hay thua là phụ thuộc vào bạn!)

Doubts là động từ chỉ trạng thái mang nghĩa “nghi ngờ”.

Depends mang nghĩa “phụ thuộc” và đóng vai trò là động từ chỉ trạng thái. Động từ này chia theo chủ

- Linda owns an expensive car. (Linda sở hữu một chiếc xe hơi đắt tiền.) Owns là động từ chỉ trạng thái mang nghĩa “sở hữu”.

ngữ số ít It nên sau depend chúng ta thêm s.

- She deserves a rest after a hard day at school.

- That book belongs to her. (Cuốn sách đó thuộc về cô ấy hoặc Cuốn sách đó là của cô

(Cô bé xứng đáng được nghỉ ngơi sau một ngày học vất vả ở trường.)

ấy.)

Deserves là động từ chỉ trạng thái mang nghĩa “xứng đáng”. Belongs là động từ chỉ trạng thái mang nghĩa “thuộc về”. Vì chia theo chủ ngữ số ít That book nên chúng ta thêm s vào sau belong.

III. Các động từ vừa chỉ trạng thái vừa chỉ hoạt động

II. Các động từ chỉ trạng thái phổ biến Nhóm 1: Các động từ chỉ sự tri nhận thông qua các giác quan hear (nghe thấy)

see (nhìn thấy)

smell (có mùi)

sound (nghe có vẻ)

That tea smells good. Tách trà đó có mùi thơm.

Ví dụ:

taste (có vị)

và

Shes smelling that tea. Cô ấy đang ngửi tách trà đó.

Ở ví dụ thứ nhất, smells là động từ chỉ trạng thái mang nghĩa “có mùi” và giúp mô tả tính chất của trà là “có mùi thơm” chứ không phải hành động “ngửi”. Ở ví dụ thứ 2, smell là động từ chỉ hành động “ngửi”. Vì vậy, nó được chia ở dạng thức tiếp diễn như các động từ chỉ hoạt động khác.

Nhóm 2: Các động từ chỉ quan điểm, nhận thức agree (đồng ý)

know (quen biết/ hiểu)

doubt (nghi ngờ)

Như vậy, smell có thể vừa là động từ chỉ trạng thái vừa là động từ chỉ hoạt động. Tuy nhiên, sắc

believe (tin rằng)

understand (hiểu)

regret (hối tiếc)

think (tin rằng/ cho rằng)

realise (nhận ra)

guess (phỏng đoán)

thái nghĩa của chúng là hoàn toàn khác nhau và khi là động từ chỉ hoạt động thì nó có thể được dùng ở dạng thức tiếp diễn.

remember (nhớ) Nhóm 3: Các động từ giúp bày tỏ tâm trạng, cảm xúc desire (ao ước)

hate (ghét)

hope (hy vọng)

like (thích)

want (muốn)

love (yêu)

wish (ước)

prefer (thích)

feel (cảm thấy)

Một số động từ có thể vừa là động từ chỉ trạng thái vừa là động từ chỉ hoạt động: Động từ

seem (có vẻ dường như) Nhóm 4: Các động từ chỉ sự sở hữu belong (thuộc về)

consist (bao gồm)

have (có)

own (sở hữu)

Taste include (bao gồm)

Chỉ hoạt động

Chỉ trạng thái

The soup tastes good.

I am tasting the soup.

Món cạnh đó có vị ngon.

Tôi đang nếm món canh đó.

Look Weigh Be

See Have Think Consider

They look happy together.

Why are you looking at me?

1. A. event

B. prefer

C. accent

D. refer

Họ trông thật hạnh phúc bên nhau.

Tại sao cậu lại nhìn tớ thế?

2. A. pagoda

B. animal

C. elephant

D. architect

The apples weigh a kilo.

She is weighing the apples.

3. A. suggest

B. report

C. career

D. profit

Những quả táo này nặng 1 cân.

Cô ấy đang cân những quả táo.

4. A. equipment

B. cultural

C. primary

D. organize

Rose is a clever girl.

Rose is being silly today.

5. A. cancer

B. rubbish

C. species

D. begin

Rose là một cô gái thông minh.

Hôm nay Rose cư xử thật ngốc

III. Read the following sentences and choose the correct intonation.

nghếch.

1. How many members does ASEAN have?

I see your point.

I am seeing Peter in an hour.

Tớ hiểu ý cậu.

Tớ sẽ gặp Peter trong một giờ nữa.

Linda has a big house.

Linda is having dinner.

Linda có một ngôi nhà lớn.

Linda đang ăn tối.

I think you're right.

What are you thinking about?

Tớ nghĩ rằng cậu đã đúng.

Bạn đang suy nghĩ về điều gì vậy?

I consider you my friend.

I am considering your advice.

Tớ xem cậu là bạn.

Tớ đang suy nghĩ kĩ về lời khuyên của cậu.

A. Rising intonation

B. Falling intonation

2. Do you know its aims and purposes? A. Rising intonation

B. Falling intonation

3. How do ASEAN members help each other? A. Rising intonation

B. Falling intonation

4. Do you remember its main principles? A. Rising intonation

B. Falling intonation

5. Mai applied for the Singapore Scholarship. A. Rising intonation

B. Falling intonation

6. Is the culture of Vietnam one of the oldest in the region? PART 2: EXERCISES

A. Rising intonation

B. Falling intonation

A. PHONETICS

7. Dragons and turtles are important symbols in Vietnamese culture.

I. Choose the word whose underlined part is pronounced differently from that of the others in each group.

8. There are 54 ethnic groups living in Vietnam.

A. Rising intonation

B. Falling intonation

1. A. turn

B. burn

C. curtain

D. bury

2. A. massage

B. carriage

C. voyage

D. dosage

3. A. chemist

B. champagne

C. chaos

D. chiropodist

4. A. chair

B. cheap

C. chorus

D. child

5. A. though

B. comb

C. only

D. gone

6. A. afterwards

B. advise

C. agree

D. allow

B. VOCABUALRY AND GRAMMAR

7. A. bear

B. beard

C. pear

D. tear (v)

I. Match each country with its capital city.

8. A. find

B. bite

C. since

D. drive

1. Brunei Darussalam D

A. Kuala Lumpur

9. A. breath

B. breathe

C. thank

D. threat

2. Cambodia C

B. Vientiane

10. A. took

B. book

C. shoe

D. would

3. Indonesia E

C. Phnom Penh

4. Laos B

D. Bandar Seri Begawan

II. Pick out the words whose main stressed syllable is different from the rest.

A. Rising intonation

B. Falling intonation

9. How often is the ASEAN Para Games held? A. Rising intonation

B. Falling intonation

10. Is English the official language in Singapore? A. Rising intonation

B. Falling intonation

5. Malaysia A

E. Jakarta

6. Interference F

F. the act of getting involved in and trying to influence a situation that does not concern you

II. Match each country with its flat.

IV. Put the stative verbs into the right column.

1. Myanmar E

own

consist

hope

taste

feel

sound

think

agree

love

see

include

belong

wish

guess

smell

believe

have hate

know

2. Philippines D hear Senses B. 3. Singapore B

Opinions

Emotions

Possession

Hear, see, smell,

Agree, believe, think,

Hope, wish, feel, love,

Belong, consist,

sound, taste

guess, know

hate

include, have, own

V. Complete the sentences using the given words. C. 4. Thailand C

cooperation bloc

economy

maintain

principle

bend

1. After his fall he complained that he couldn't ________ bend _________ his back properly. 2. As I know the European Union is a powerful trading _______ bloc _____. 3. The agreement would give new solidity to military _____ cooperation _____ between the two D.

countries. 4. ASEAN would rank as the eighth largest ______ economy _____ in the world if it were a

5. Malaysia A

single country. 5. They find it difficult to _______ maintain ______ such high interest rates. 6. The general ______ principle _____ is that education should be available to all children up to E.

the age of 16.

III. Match the word with its definition.

VI. Match the two halves of a sentence to have a correct one.

1. Association B

1. My parents never stop quizzing me B

A. an advantage that something gives you; a helpful and useful effect that something has

2. Benefit A

A. for closer cooperation among the member states.

B. an official group of people who have joined together for a particular purpose

2. I've read that ASEAN focuses on improving

3. Charter C

C. a written statement of the principles and aims of an organization

3. As the constitution of ASEAN, the charter

C. and maintaining regional peace and

4. Dominate E

D. serious and very important; affecting the most central and important parts of something

sets out the rules A

stability.

5. Fundamental D

E. to control or have a lot of influence over somebody/ something

4. ASEAN started a programme of economic E

D. and will have a chance to study at

B. about where I go at night.

member states' economies C

natural beauty.

universities in Singapore. E. cooperation in the late 1970s.

2. The ASEAN countries wish to promote C

B. “Independence - Freedom – Happiness”.

F. the next ASEAN Schools Games.

3. Ranked the 10th most-visited country in the world, A

C. economic growth, social progress and cultural development.

4. ASEAN stands for the Association of Southeast Asian Nations E

D. their brochure about ASEAN member states.

organization is governed by

5. Do you know when Vietnam became F

E. and it was formed on August 8th 1967.

2. Conference C

B. a small magazine or book containing pictures and information about something or advertising something

6. He is seeing his classmates in an hour to discuss D

F. an official member of ASEAN?

3. Constitution A

C. a large official meeting, usually lasting for a few days, at which people with the same work or interests come together to discuss their

X. Match the sentences with the corresponding pictures.

views

model.

D. a short sentence or phrase that expresses the aims and beliefs of a

5. I hope that Vietnamese athletes will dominate F 6. Several talented students have been awarded the Singapore Scholarship D VII. Match the word and its definition. 1. Brochure B

A. the system of laws and basic principles that a state, a country or an

4. Identity E

1. She always dreams of becoming a famous

person, a group, an institution, etc. and is used as a rule of behaviour 5. Motto D

E. the characteristics, feelings or beliefs that distinguish people from others

6. Progress F

F. the process of improving or developing, or of getting nearer to

A. 2. I can't avoid catching a cold in winter. C

achieving or completing something VIII. Complete the sentences using the given words. graceful

official

elongated

dispute

B. in accordance with

3. He loves reading more than anything else. D

external 1. Both domestic and _____ external _____ factors are believed to have played a role in this improved performance.

2. She looks so _______ graceful ______ and fashionable in this picture. 3. Children usually have to act _____ in accordance with ______ their parents' wishes.

4. Taking photos is one of her leisure activities.

4. Germany's Angela Merkel will hold an _______ official _______ meeting of European prime

ministers on 27 August.

5. The employees have been in _______ dispute ________ with the managers for two weeks.

5. My daughter practises painting every day.

6. Shaped like an ______ elongated ______ “S”, Vietnam stretches the length of the Indochinese Peninsula and extends across two climatic zones.

IX. Match two halves of a sentence to have a correct one. 1. The motto of Vietnam is B

A. Malaysia is famous worldwide for its

7. Peter was rather a lazy student, and he tended to avoid playing/studying whenever he could.

6. She imagines flying in the sky.

8. Laura keeps apologising for notbeing/being able to hand in her reports on time.

XIII. Fill in each gap with the correct form of one of the given words. F. 7. Tom has just finished cooking his own breakfast.

wait

smile

waste

finish

win

break

prohibit

1. _______Winning__________ laughs from audiences is a priceless gift to actors and actresses.

2. She concentrates on ______finishing______ the easy parts of the exam paper first. G.

3. Reading English books and watching American television shows _____are______ good ways to improve your English vocabulary.

8. He regrets making me sad. H

4. There's no point in _______wasting______ too much money creating a flashy look. 5. I can't bear ______waiting____ in a long queue to buy discounted items. 6. They succeed in ______breaking______ the world records in weightlifting.

7. Marie always enjoys ______smiling______ at the camera and making her friends happy.

XI. Complete the sentences using the given words. doing setting

reviewing visiting

lending

8. ____Prohibiting___ the use of cell phones during the lessons is a new rule proposed by the

packing

principal.

laughing eating

1. I can't help _________ laughing ________ when I watch videos of Mr. Bean.

XIV. Complete the sentences using the given words.

2. Linda dreams of _______ setting ________ up her own business.

owns

hope

realize

thinks

3. He is interested in _______ eating ___________ noodles cooked by his grandma.

smells

want

weigh

see

4. Nam suggests _______ doing ________ a quiz on ASEAN countries.

1. Jim's cousin ______ owns _____ several luxurious restaurants and five-star hotels.

5. He insisted on _______ packing ________ his luggage on his own.

2. I don't ______ realize ______ how much my best friend has changed recently.

6. Do you mind _______ lending __________ me some money?

3. The final exam is coming. I ______hope_____ you pass it with flying colours.

7. They carry on ______ reviewing ________ the lessons carefully before the end-of-term exam.

4. I ______see_______ what you mean. You don't need to explain more.

8. It's worth ________ visiting ________ this museum.

5. A: I'm so hungry.

XII. Choose the suitable word to complete each sentence. 1. Visiting/Visitting centers for orphans or disabled people is something that I usually do at the

B: Do you ______want_____ a sandwich? 6. Mary insists on loving Peter because she ______thinks_______ he is a good guy.

weekends.

7. Don't eat that cake. It ______smells______ awful.

2. The main aim of this cultural exchange program is promoting/promoteing a lasting friendship between the two nations.

8. Mark, you ______weigh______ 80 kilos. You should eat less chocolate. XV. Choose the best option to complete each of the following sentences.

3. Buying a new home often cause/causes people great anxiety.

1. I ____ a multilingual dictionary. Use it if you need to look up a new word in any languages.

4. Most of the time, swiming/swimming at the beach is safe. 5. Paul really enjoyed/forgived being the editor of the yearbook at his high school. 6. Jim's job involves take/taking complaints from dissatisfied customers.

A. have

B. is having

C. owe

2. The students at the back of the room ____ you. Can you speak louder? A. hear

B. can't hear

3. Is Alan over there? He ____ old and tired. Is he sick?

C. are not hearing

A. looks

B. looked

C. is looking

4. She ____ the soup in the kitchen when the telephone rang. A. tasted

B. is tasting

C. was tasting

5. She ____ him for quite a long time. They are good friends. A. knows

B. has known

C. has been knowing

6. I ____ a little boy in the room. He is sleeping on the sofa. A. see

B. is seeing

C. saw

7. I bet that your bag ____ a ton. There are too many books in it. A. weighs

B. weight

C. weighed

B. Incorrect

1. The thief looked into his rear-view mirror and (realise) _______realized_____ that he was being followed by a police car. 2. Mark (taste) _______was tasting________ the wine when suddenly the fire alarm went off. He spilled wine all over his shirt. 3. Although Tom is ill, he (know) ________knows__________ what's happening around him. 5. I'm telling you the truth. Why (you/ not/believe) _____don’t you believe_____ me?

B: Could you call a little later? He ____ a meeting now. B. is having

A. Correct

XVII. Fill in each gap with the correct form of the given word(s).

4. Why don't you braid your hair? You (look) ________look_______ better if you do so.

8. A: Hello. Please put me through to the manager. A. has

8. Tim deserves a raise because he is such a dedicated employee who is willing to work overtime to finish projects.

C. has had

XVI. Decide whether the underlined parts in the following sentences are Correct or Incorrect.

6. Can we go somewhere else? I (hate) ________hate__________ this place. It's so boring. 7. My son (seem) ______seemed_________ nervous when I asked him who had broken the window.

1. Peter, I believe you can do better if you join our team. Please spend more time thinking about

8. Bob (want) ______has wanted________ a car for a long time, but he hasn't had enough

our offer.

money to afford one.

A. Correct

B. Incorrect

2. The chef always tastes every dish before he serves it to make sure that it tastes delicious. A. Correct

B. Incorrect

3. We intend to have a picnic this weekend, but it is depending on what the weather's like at the weekend. A. Correct

B. Incorrect

4. This ancient clock has been belonging to that museum since 2000, and now it's still on display there. A. Correct

B. Incorrect

5. I am seeing my teacher this Friday, so I can't go out with you that day. A. Correct

B. Incorrect

6. I was being hopeful at the beginning of the season, but now I don't think that Liverpool will be the champion. A. Correct

B. Incorrect

7. I don't want to have a fight about that matter. Just forget it! It isn't mattering. A. Correct

B. Incorrect

9. They are really rich, but they always seem unhappy. I (doubt) ________doubt_________ that money can't bring them happiness. 10. In 2010, the team (consist) ______consisted______ of ten founding members, but now it expands to include more than thirty members. C. READING I. Read the extract from a short brochure introducing Indonesia. Match the subheadings (A-E) with the paragraphs (1-5) A. Economy

B. Sports

D. Culture

E. Tourist attractions

C. Area and population

___C___ (1) Indonesia has about 17,508 islands. It covers a land area of 1,904,569km? With a population of over 237 million people, Indonesia is the world's fourth most populous country. The capital city is Jakarta and the official language is Indonesian. ___A___ (2) Indonesia's economy is the largest in Southeast Asia. Tourism plays a big role in the economy. In 2013 tourist sector contributed about US$9 billion. Indonesia. Singapore, Malaysia, Australia, China, Japan are the top five sources of visitors to Indonesia. ___B___ (3) Indonesia's sports are mainly male-oriented. The most popular sports are badminton and football. Traditional sports include Sepak Takraw, and Pencak Silat.

___D___ (4) Indonesia is a widely diverse nation with over 300 ethnic groups. Its culture is influenced by Chinese, European, Indian and Malay cultures. The influences of Western

In addition, ASEAN is a region of diverse cultures. Therefore, ASEAN cooperation not only covers economic growth but also in a variety of areas, including education, culture and

cultures are seen in science, technology, and modern entertainment.

sports activities. Student exchange programs within the regional countries are encouraged.

___E___ (5) Indonesia is famous for its islands and beautiful views. The most popular

Regional sport competitions, such as the Southeast Asian Games, the ASEAN Para Games, the

destinations in Indonesia are beaches of Bali, Lombok, wonderful islands of Java, Sumatra, Kalimantan. Museums, monuments and gardens in the capital are also famous tourist attractions.

ASEAN Schools Games and the ASEAN Football Championship are held with the aim of strengthening friendship among ASEAN members.

II. Read and do the tasks below.

Task 1. Write A, B, C, D or E next to the statement which contains the information from the paragraph.

ASEAN A

1. ASEAN's sea area is about three times larger than its land area. ____B_____ 2. In addition to economy, ASEAN countries cooperate in a variety of aspects. ____E____

The Association of Southeast Asian Nations, commonly referred to as ASEAN, is a geopolitical and economic organization of 10 countries in Southeast Asia. It was established in

3. ASEAN organization consists of 10 countries in Southeast Asia. ____A______

Bangkok, Thailand by Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines, Singapore and Thailand. Since then,

4. Maintaining regional peace is one of the bloc's principal aims. ____C____

membership has expanded to include Brunei, Vietnam, Laos, Myanmar and Cambodia. B

5. A free trade area is estimated to be formed within ASEAN by 2020. ___D_____ Task 2. Decide whether the following statements are True, False or Not Given.

ASEAN has a population of about 600 million which makes up about 9% of the world's

True

False

Not

population. It has an area of 4.46 million square kilometers, accounting for 3% of the total land

given

area of the earth, and its territorial waters cover an area about three times larger than its land

6. ASEAN was founded in Bangkok, Thailand by Indonesia,

mass does.

Myanmar, the Philippines, Singapore and Thailand.

7. ASEAN covers an area of over four million square kilometers.

The region's principal aims include the acceleration of economic growth, social progress, and cultural development among its members, as well as the promotion of regional peace. With these targets, 'One Vision, One Identity, One Community is chosen as the bloc's motto. D In terms of economy, if ASEAN were a single country, it would already be the eighth largest economy in the world, with a combined GDP of $2.4 trillion in 2013. The Governments of ASEAN countries have paid special attention to trade. With regard to external trade, ASEAN as a whole represents the EU's third largest trading partner outside Europe (after the US and China) with more than €246 billion of trade in goods and services in 2014. It has been estimated that a free trade area will be established in the ASEAN region by 2020. The ASEAN leaders

√ √ √

8. The bloc's motto is: 'One Vision, One Diversity, One Community. 9. ASEAN is the EU's third largest trading partner outside Europe. 10. ASEAN Schools Games is a sporting event held every year

√ √

by an ASEAN state member. III. Choose the best answer to fill in the blank. Passage 1

have also adopted the ASEAN Vision 2020, which aims at forging closer economic integration

The Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) is an organization of ten Southeast

within the region. The Hanoi Plan of Action, adopted in 1998, serves as the first in a series of planned actions leading up to the realization of the ASEAN Vision.

Asian countries: Brunei, Cambodia, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, (1) ____ Philippines, Singapore, Thailand and Vietnam. It promotes political, economic, cultural and social

cooperation (2) ____ its members. Although ASEAN works for peace and stability in Southeast Asia, it is not a defence organization.

The members of ASEAN cooperate in such fields (3) ____ population control, prevention of drug abuse, (4) ____ research and combating terrorism. Teachers, students and artists of the

3. Ko Tarutao and Ko Chang as ______ beautiful islands ____, with sandy beaches and clean water; Ayuthaya as an old and beautiful city, with temples and palaces made of stone

member nations exchange visits. In addition, the organization develops plans to promote tourism

4. shaped by many influences from Indian, Lao, Cambodian and Chinese cultures; ____ famous

in ASEAN countries and to encourage programs of Southeast Asian studies. It works to (5) ____

festivals ____: Thai New Year ( water fights) and Loy Kratong, a festival of lights and lanterns

trade barriers among the members.

5. very popular ________ Thai boxing _____; others: rugby, golf, football, etc.

1. A. the

B. a

C. an

D. Ø

2. A. between

B. through

C. among

D. from

3. A. like

B. as

C. alike

D. that

among athletes from all over Asia. The Games were regulated by the Asian Games Federation

4. A. scientific

B. science

C. scientist

D. scientifically

5. A. increase

B. prevent

C. develop

D. reduce

(AGF) from the first Games in New Delhi, India, until the 1982 Games. Since the 1982 they have been organized by the Olympic Council of Asia (OCA), after the break-up of the Asian

V. Read the passage and answer the following questions.

Passage 2. The Association of Southeast Asian Nations or ASEAN was (6) ____ on August 8 1967 in Bangkok by the five original member countries, (7) ____, Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, Singapore, and Thailand. Brunei Darussalam (8) ____ on January 8, 1984, Vietnam on July 28, 1995, Lao PDR and Myanmar on July 23, 1997, and Cambodia on April 30, 1999.

The Asian Games, officially known as Asiad, is a multi-sport event held every four years

Games Federation. The Games are recognized by the International Olympic Committee (IOC) and are described as the second largest multi-sport event after the Olympic Games. Participation All 45 members affiliated to the Olympic Council of Asia (OCA) are eligible to take part

As of 2006, the ASEAN region has a population of about 560 million, a total area of 4.5

in the Games. In history, 46 National Olympic Committees (NOCs) have sent competitors to the Games. Israel has been excluded from the Games since 1976, the reason cited as being due to

million square kilometers, a combined gross (9) ____ product of almost US$ 1,100 billion, and a

security reasons. Israel requested to participate in the 1982 Games, but the request was rejected

total trade of about US$ 1,400 billion.

by the organisers due to incident in 1972 Summer Olympics. Israel is now a member of the

The ASEAN Declaration states that the aims and purposes of the Association are to (10) ____ economic growth, social progress and cultural development in the region and to promote regional

European Olympic Committees (EOC).

peace.

Due to its continuing ambiguous political status, Taiwan has participated in the Games under the flag of Chinese Taipei since 1990. Macau is allowed to compete as one of the NOCs in Asian Games, despite not being recognized by the International Olympic Committee (IOC) for

6. A. established

B. constructed

C. rebuilt

D. decorated

7. A. such

B. like

C. namely

D. as

8. A. took up

B. joined

C. represented

D. involved

Al-Ahmed Al-Sabah, rejected the proposal to allow Australia to participate in the Games. He stated that while Australia would add good value to the Asian Games, it would be unfair to the

9. A. home

B. exotic

C. domestic

D. household

other NOCs in Oceania.

10. A. fetch

B. endeavor

C. poach

D. accelerate

IV. Read the following information about Thailand. Choose the appropriate words or phrases given to fill the gap.

participation in the Olympic Games. In 2007, the President of OCA, Sheikh Ahmed Al-Fahad

Only seven countries, namely India, Indonesia, Japan, the Philippines, Sri Lanka, Singapore and Thailand have competed in all editions of the games. Medal count

agri-food production

beautiful islands

Thai boxing

population

famous festivals

1. Land area: 513,120km; ______ population ______ :67,149,778 (2014 estimated), most speak

Of the 46 National Olympic Committees participating throughout the history of the Games, 43 nations have won at least a single medal in the competition, leaving three nations:

Thai; capital: Bangkok

Bhutan, Maldives and Timor-Leste yet to win a single medal. 34 nations have won at least a single gold medal, while Japan and China became the only two nations in history to emerge as

2. based on _____ agri-food production ______; major exports: Thai rice, textile and footwear,

overall champions.

fishery products and electronic products

Future changes

The number of competition events is scheduled to shrink down to just 35 sports at the 2014 Games to be held in Incheon, South Korea. 2014 will also see the last Games hosted in

I. Choose the word whose underlined part is pronounced differently from that of the others

even-numbered years, as the Olympic Council of Asia pushed the subsequent Games to just one

1. A. apologize

B. absorb

C. arrive

year ahead of the Olympic Games. This means the 18th Asian Games which were originally

2. A. combine

B. collect

C. commerce

D. correct

planned for 2018 will be pushed to 2019.

3. A. admiral

B. adventure

C. advertise

D. adverb

1. How many nations have completed in the Asian Games?

4. A. club

B. subtle

C. climb

D. doubt

5. A. boat

B. both

C. post

D. lose

46 nations

in each group. D. absence

2. Why was Irasel excluded from the Games?

II. Pick out the words whose main stressed syllable is different from the rest.

Because of security reasons. (Due to security reasons.)

1. A. farmer

3. How many countries have participated in all editions of the Games?

2. A. cattle

B. country

C. canal

D. cover

3. A. money

B. machine

C. many

D. mother

7 countries

B. farewell

C. factory

D. fairy

4. What year will be the last time to see the Asian Games be hosted in even numbered years?

4. A. borrow

B. agree

C. await

D. prepare

2014

5. A government

B. condition

C. parliament

D. fortunate

D. WRITING

B. VOCABULARY AND GRAMMAR

I. Reorder the words to make complete sentences.

1. Complete the sentences using the given words.

1. doesn't/ Trying/ to/ make/ people/ laugh/ sometimes/ work.

charter

constitution

bloc

principles

maintain

Trying to make people laugh sometimes doesn’t work.

1. ASEAN Scholarship holder has to ___ maintain ___ good academic performance to keep the

2. like/ Saturdays./ on/ doesn't/ getting/ Joe/ early/ up

scholarship.

Joe doesn’t like getting up early on Saturdays.

2. A ____ charter ___ is a written statement that describes the rights a particular group of people

3. much/ big/ was/ Giving/ our/ candy/ mistake./ babies/ so

should have.

Giving babies so much candy was our big mistake.

3. A ___ constitution ____ is a set of fundamental principles or established precedents according

4. my/ seeing/ joys/ in/ greatest/ day/ after/ work./ at/ hard/ is/ life/ love/ a/ of/ One

to which a state or organization is governed.

One of my greatest joys in life is seeing my love after a hard day at work.

4. The ASEAN Economic Community is an important example of a trading ____bloc_____, particularly when you consider the countries involved in it.

5. music/ is/ to/ a/ great/ pop/ to/ my/ way/ spirits./ Listening/ lift Listening to pop music is a great way to lift my spirits.

5. She refused to lie about it; it's against her ___ principles ___.

6. recommends/ to/ hotels/ Linda/ reserving/ before/ travelling/ places./ new

II. Complete the following sentences using the correct form of the words in brackets.

Linda recommends reserving hotels before travelling to new places.

1. Development policy has a critical role to play in supporting _______stability____ to reduce conflict and violence over the long term. (STABLE)

7. losing/ short-term/ on/ money/ Her/ his/ risks/ father/ investment. Her father risks losing his money on short-term investment.

2. CMA stands for The California Medical _____Association______ which is a professional

8. but/ helping/ me/ truth./ should/ don't/ tell/ I/ mind/ the/ she/ her

organization representing the physicians of the state of California. (ASSOCIATE)

I don’t mind helping her but she should tell me the truth.

3. ___Cooperation___ is important because it allows people and groups to work together to achieve a common goal or derive mutual benefits. (COOPERATE)

PART 3: TEST YOURSELF A. PHONETICS

4. ____Solidarity______ is unity which produces or is based on unity of interests, objectives, standards, and sympathies. (SOLID)

8. I always (wish) ______wish______ every woman in this world a happy life after marriage.

5. A ____scholarship___ is an award of financial aid for a student to further their education.

C. READING

(SCHOLAR)

I. Decide whether the following statements are True, False or Not given.

III. Choose ONE INCORRECT WORD in each sentence. 1. Have you washed the car yet? - No, I didn't. But I have already mowed the lawn.

→

haven’t 2. He denies take the cakes even though it is obvious that he took them.

The Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) was formed in 1967 by Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines, Singapore, and Thailand to promote political and economic cooperation and regional stability. Brunei joined in 1984, shortly after its independence from the

→

United Kingdom, and Vietnam joined ASEAN as its seventh member in 1995. Laos and

→

Myanmar were admitted into full membership in July 1997 as ASEAN celebrated its 30th anniversary. Cambodia became ASEAN's tenth member in 1999.

taking 3. Casy is considering bought a new bike because her old one was out of order. buying

7. Your parcel has arrived. The postman (bring) _______brought______ it two hours ago.

The ASEAN Declaration in 1967, considered ASEAN's founding document, formalized

4. I know listening is my weakest English skill, so I practise watch a lot of English-speaking

the principles of peace and cooperation to which ASEAN is dedicated. The ASEAN Charter

shows.

entered into force on 15 December 2008. With the entry into force of the ASEAN Charter,

→ watching

ASEAN established its legal identity as an international organization and took a major step in its community-building process.

5. How ridiculous it is! He always struggles to make ends meet, but he imagines buy a Ferrari one day.

Every year following the ASEAN Ministerial Meeting (AMM), ASEAN holds its Post-

→ buying

Ministerial Conference (PMC) to which the Secretary of State is invited. In 1994, ASEAN took

6. Jucy spend all her money on buying clothes, so she can't pay her rent now. spent

→ has

the lead in establishing the ASEAN Regional Forum (ARF), which now has 27 members and

7. A few days ago I learn that someone has planned to tear down the ancient building.

→

1. ASEAN was formed in 1967 by four countries: Malaysia, Singapore, the Philippines and Thailand.

learnt or learned 8. He feels like write since it is a great way to show his creativity.

→

writing IV. Complete each sentence with the correct form of the given word(s). 1. Prices (go) _____have gone_______ up for a couple of months. Everything is more expensive this year. 2. Ben's responsibilities include (welcome) _____welcoming_____ Japanese guests at the airport. 3. Jack (become) _____has become_____ paralysed since he fell off in a horse racing competition in 2005. 4. She carries on (work) _____working______ on her project despite difficulties.

meets each year at the ministerial level just after the PMC.

A. True

B. False

C. Not given

2. Vietnam joined ASEAN in 1995 after Brunei 11 years. A. True

B. False

C. Not given

3. ASEAN celebrated its 30 anniversary in 1997 when Laos and Cambodia became full memberships. A. True

B. False

C. Not given

4. ASEAN charter helped this organization become an international organization in 2008. A. True

B. False

C. Not given

5. Every year ASEAN has 3 meetings with the attendance of 27 members. A. True

B. False

C. Not given

5. Have you ever baked your own cake? - Yes, I (try) _______tried_______ it when I was in

D. WRITING

high school but I haven't baked any cakes since then.

I. Complete each sentence with one of the given word(s). There are two extra words.

6. I don't mind (go) ______going_______ to the market if you accompany me.

reducing

own

Filipino

group

1. A. private

B. provide

C. arrange

D. advise

1. Singapore or Singapura is a city or country in Southeast Asia. Singapura is a Malay word.

2. A. resurface

B. knowledge

C. technical

D. export

Singa

3. A. medical

B. entertainment

C. atmosphere

D. suburb

______ means _____ Lion and pura refers to City. That is why Singapore is also known as Lion City.

4. A. recipe

B. cinema

C. similar

D. expertise

5. A. indicate

B. forefinger

C. procedure

D. enemy

2. Despite its small size, Singapore is seen as a multi-racial country. The largest ____ group

PART II: VOCABULARY AND GRAMMAR

____ is Chinese who made up of 75% of the population.

I. Supply the correct tense/ form of the verb in brackets.

3. Another unique aspect of _____ Filipino _____ culture is bayanihan, the practice of moving

1. Teresa (type) ___has been typing____ all day and still (not finish) ____hasn’t finished___

an entire home to a new location.

the report.

owing

means

increasing

4. The ASEAN Para Games aims at promoting sports for people with disabilities in the region and

2. For the past few days I (work) __have been working__ in Jack's office, as my own office (redecorate)

____ increasing _____ public awareness of disabled sports.

____is being redecorated___.

5. It comes as no surprise that Brunei's population enjoys one of the highest per capita incomes in the world, _____ owing _____ to its wealth of natural resources relative to the size of the country and its population.

3. I was terribly disappointed (discover) ____to discover____ that he (lie) _____had lied_____ to me.

II. Reorder the words or phrases to make complete sentences.

4. The girl got a lot of trouble. She (not tell) ___shouldn’t have told__ a lie. 5. I appreciate (tell) ____having been told____ the news.

1. tourist/ tropical/ climate/ with/ an/ ideal/ Thailand/ is/ pleasant/ attraction Thailand is an ideal tourist attraction with pleasant tropical climate.

6. He really didn't expect (introduce) ____to be introduced____ to the president. 7. I don't know why you always (talk) ____are always talking_____ in class, boys.

2. is/ ethnic/ 300/ Indonesia/ to/ over/ groups/ home

II. Complete the sentences with the appropriate form of the words in brackets.

Indonesia is home to over 300 ethnic groups.

1. Remind me of my appointment. I am _____forgetful____. (FORGET)

3. values/ family/ The/ Vietnamese/ appreciate

2. Recently health foods have increased in ___popularity___. (POPULAR)

The Vietnamese appreciate family values.

3. Unless something is done about unemployment, the ____outlook_____ for the future is not

THE FIRST TERM TEST - KEY

good. (LOOK)

PART I: PHONETICS I. Choose the word that has the underlined part pronounced differently from the others’. Circle A, B, C or D.

4. He had been ___unexpectedly___ delayed at the office and was now in a hurry to keep his appointment with the dentist. (EXPECT) 5. The old lady hid all her ____savings____ under the floor. (SAVE)

1. A. book

B. took

C. goose

D. good

2. A. worm

B. worse

C. work

D. more

7. He had the ____annoying______ habit of borrowing books and then forgetting to return them.

3. A. chaperon

B. charity

C. challenge

D. Charlie

(ANNOY)

4. A. without

B. sixth

C. month

D. think

8. All ____applications_______ must be received before July 20th 2007. (APPLY)

5. A. coughed

B. laughed

C. weighed

D. matched

9. I ____ unexpectedly _____ met an old friend last week. (EXPECT)

II. Pick out the word whose stress pattern is different from that of the others. Circle A, B, C or D.

6. Alison's _____shyness______ made it hard for her to speak in public. (SHY)

10. You look rather _____preoccupied_____. Are you worried about something? (OCCUPY) 11. It is much more _____economical____ to buy large size packets. (ECONOMY)

12. Earth Hour is a ____worldwide____ event organized to raise people's awareness. (WORLD)

C. A cookbook

D. A popular women's magazine

III. Fill in each numbered space with one suitable preposition.

2. We can infer from the passage that all of the following statements about fats are true EXCEPT

1. They say that there is an exception _______to_______ every rule.

____.

2. It was very good _____of____ Sue to drive us to the airport.

A. fats provide energy for the body

3. Don't worry, the whole situation is ______under______ control.

B. economics influences the distribution of calorie intake

4. I'm afraid you are not eligible _____for_________ a pension until you are 65.

C. poor people eat more fatty foods

5. There were no ripe apples ______within_____ reach, so I moved the ladder. 6. Breaking his leg a second time put Peter's football career ______in_____ jeopardy. 7. What do you get if you divide 22 _____by_____ 7? A complicated number. 8. You can rely on her. She won't let you _____down______. 9. Don't eat that sausage. I think it's gone ______off_______. 10. It's safe to hide here. We won't give you _____away______.

D. alcohol is not a common source of dietary energy 3. The word "functions" in bold is closest in meaning to ____. A. forms

B. needs

C. jobs

D. sources

4. The phrase "stored in" in bold is closest in meaning to ____. A. manufactured in

B. attached to

C. measured by

D. accumulated in

5. The author states that fats serve all of the following body functions EXCEPT to ____.

PART III: READING

A. promote a feeling of fullness

B. insulate and protect the body

I. Read the following passage and choose the best option to complete the blank or answer the question.

C. provide energy

D. control weight gain

6. The word "essential to" in bold is closest in meaning to ____.

Most human diets contain between 10 and 15 percent of their total calories as protein. The rest of the dietary energy comes from carbohydrates, fats, and in some people, alcohol. The

7. According to the author of the passage, which of the following is true for rats when they are

proportion of calories from fats varies from 10 percent in poor communities to 40 percent or

fed a fat free diet?

more in rich communities. In addition to providing energy, fats have several other functions in the body. The fatsoluble vitamins, A, D, E, and K, are dissolved in fats, as their name implies. Good sources of these vitamins have high oil or fat content, and the vitamins are stored in the body's fatty tissues. In the diet, fats cause food to remain longer in the stomach, thus increasing the feeling of fullness for some time after a meal is eaten. Fats add variety, taste, and texture to foods, which accounts for the popularity of fried foods. Fatty deposits in the body have an insulating and protective value. The curves of the human female body are due mostly to strategically located fat deposits. Whether a certain amount of fat in the diet is essential to human health is not definitely

A. required for

B. desired for

C. detrimental to

D. beneficial to

A. They stop growing

B. They have more babies

C. They lose body hair

D. They require less care

8. Linoleic fatty acid is mentioned in the passage as ____. A. an essential nutrient for humans

B. more useful than arachidonic acid

C. preventing weight gain in rats

D. a nutrient found in most foods

9. The phrase "these abnormalities” refers to ____. A. a condition caused by fried foods B. strategically located fat deposits

known. When rats are fed a fat-free diet, their growth eventually ceases, their skin becomes

C. curves on the human female body

inflamed and scaly, and their reproductive systems are damaged. Two fatty acids, linoleic and

D. cessation of growth, bad skin, and damaged reproductive systems

arachidonic acids, prevent these abnormalities and hence are called essential fatty acids. They also are required by a number of other animals, but their roles in human beings are debatable.

10. That humans should all have some fat our diet is, according to the author, ____.

Most nutritionists consider linoleic fatty acid an essential nutrient for humans. 1. This passage probably appeared in which of the following? A. diet book

B. A book on basic nutrition

A. a commonly held view

B. not yet a proven fact

C. only true for women

D. proven to be true by experiments in rats

II. Read the text below and decide which answer (A, B, C, or D) best fits each space. FRIDAY THE THIRTEENTH

Police are hunting for a hit-and-run driver who knocked a teenage cyclist off her bike in East Street. Sarah Tucker, 17, had a lucky escape on Friday, 13th May, when she was sent reeling by a black Volvo on her way home from work.

Not a great deal/ amount of damage was done/ caused to my car (by the collision) 4. Just thinking about his face at that moment makes me laugh. The very thought of his face at that moment makes me laugh.

She bruised her thigh and shoulder and her bicycle was (1) ____. The driver stopped for a moment but then drove off without (2) ____ a name or address and before Sarah could get his number. “I tried to get out of his way, but I couldn't,” she said. Everyone at work kept going on about it being Friday 13th. I'm not a bit (3) ____ and wouldn't change any of my plans just because Friday 13th is supposed to be unlucky, I don't usually take any (4) ____ of that sort of

5. I took my car to the garage last Saturday and they resprayed it. I had my car resprayed at the garage last Saturday. 6. Although Christopher was the stronger of the two, his attacker soon overpowered him. Despite his (superior) strength, Christopher was soon overpowered by his attacker.

thing but I will now. I think I'll stay in bed."

7. What a surprise to see you here!

The accident (5) ____ at the junction with Westwood Road at about 6.30pm as Sarah was making her (6) ____ home to the Harley Estate.

8. It was only when I left home that I realised how much my father meant to me.

The Volvo pulled out of Westwood onto Henley Road in front of the teenager's bicycle. "He could at (7) ____ have helped her up. I don't see why he should get away with it," said her

Fancy seeing you here. Not until I left home did I realize how much my father meant to me. 9. The house collapsed because of faulty building work.

father, Derek, "Sarah was lucky. I don't know why the driver didn't see her. He can't have been

It was faulty building work that caused the house to collapse.

(8) ____ attention. It is unfortunate that nobody took down the number." Though still too (9) ____ to ride a bike, Sarah was able to go back to (10) ____ in Marlow on Monday.

10. The boys clearly intended to make trouble when they entered the hotel.

It was faulty building work that caused the collapse of the house.

1. A. damaged

B. harmed

C. devastated

D. crashed

2. A. noting

B. presenting

C. leaving

D. suggesting

II. Write the second sentence in such a way that it is as similar as possible in meaning to the

3. A. irrational

B. superstitious

C. unreasonable

D. prejudices

4. A. notice

B. consideration

C. note

D. care

original sentence. Use the word given in brackets and other words as necessary. Do not change the form of the given word.

5. A. came about

B. turned up

C. finished up

D. took place

1. Dickens' last novel was unfinished when he died.

6. A. route

B. way

C. course

D. path

Dickens died without finishing/ having finished/ being able to finish his last novel.

The boys were clearly intent on making trouble when they entered the hotel.

7. A. once

B. most

C. least

D. best

2. John was shocked to hear that he had failed his driving test.

8. A. giving

B. paying

C. attracting

D. providing

It came as surprise/ a shock to John to hear that he had failed his driving test.

9. A. discouraged

B. confused

C. overcome

D. shaken

3. He is likely to come.

10. A. work

B. job

C. post

D. employment

In all probability, he will come/ is coming.

I. Finish the second sentence in each pair in such a way that it means the same as the

There is a high/ distinct/ strong probability that he will come/ of his coming.

sentence before it.

4. Mathew didn't listen to what his doctor told him.

1. The house was so badly damaged in the fire that it couldn't be repaired.

Mathew took no notice of his doctor’s advice.

2. You won't reach the station in less than twenty minutes. It will take at least twenty minutes to reach the station. 3. The collision didn't damage my car much.

(CAME)

(PROBABILITY)

PART IV: WRITING

The house was too badly damaged to be repaired.

(WITHOUT)

5. I don't feel like going to the party.

(NOTICE) (MOOD)

I’m not in the right mood for going to the party. I’m in no mood to go/ for going to the party. 6. The new manager blames me for everything that goes wrong.

(PICKING)

The new manager is always picking on me (for everything that goes wrong.) 7. He talked about nothing except the weather.

(SOLE)

His sole topic/ subject of conversation was the weather. 8. In the end, I felt I had been right to leave the club.

/hiːt - rɪˈleɪtɪd /

(adj)

có liên quan tới nhiệt

/ɪnˈfekʃəs/

(adj)

lây nhiễm, lan truyền

oil spill

/ˈɔɪl - spɪl/

(n.p)

tràn dầu

(REGRETS)

B. GRAMMAR REVIEW

(BEARS)

Present participle (phân từ hiện tại): + Ving (dùng cho active): đơn

* PHÂN TỪ: 2 LOẠI

I had no regrets about/ on/ over leaving/ having left the club in the end. 9. He is different from his brother in almost all aspects.

heat-related infectious

He bears little/ hardly any resemblance to his brother. 10. The passengers don't realise how lucky they have been.

+ Having PII: hoàn thành (LITTLE)

Past participle (phân từ quả khử):

Little do the passengers realise how lucky they have been. Unit 6. LOBAL WARMING

+ PII (Passive) + Having been PII

1. Một chủ ngữ thực hiện hai hay nhiều hoạt động đồng thời

PART 1: VOCABULARY AND GRAMMAR REVIEW

S+ V1......., Ving......

A. VOCABULARY absorb

(thực thể) /əbˈzɔːb/

(v)

thấm, hút

atmosphere

/ˈætməsfɪə(r)/

(n)

khí quyển

awareness

/əˈweənəs/

(n)

sự nhận thức, hiểu biết, quan tâm

ban

/bæn/

(v)

cấm

capture

/ˈkæptʃə(r)/

(v)

lưu lại, giam giữ lại

carbon footprint

/ˌkɑːbən ˈfʊtprɪnt/

(n)

lượng khí CO, thải ra hằng ngày của một cá

nhân hoặc nhà

Ex:

- He walked along the street, singing massively. - My neighbor fell off the ladder, breaking three teeth.

2. Kết hợp 2 câu đơn S1 + V1 …...., S2 + V2 ............ → Ving / Having PII ............ , S1 + V2 → PII / having been PII , S1 + V2 Ex:

Susan felt tired. She went to bed early. → Feeling tired, Susan went to bed early.

máy... catastrophic

/ˌkætəˈstrɒfɪk/

(adj)

thảm họa

clean-up

/ˈkliːn ʌp/

(n)

sự dọn dẹp, làm sạch, tổng vệ sinh

climate change

/ˈklaɪmət tʃeɪndʒ/

(n)

biến đổi khí hậu

diversity

/daɪˈvɜːsəti/

(n)

sự đa dạng

drought

/draʊt/

(n)

hạn hán

ecological

/ˌiːkəˈlɒdʒɪkl/

(adj)

thuộc về sinh thái

ecosystem

/ˈiːkəʊsɪstəm/

(n)

hệ sinh thái

S(N) + Ving + ... + be/V...

emission

/iˈmɪʃn/

(n)

(danh từ không đếm được) sự phát (sáng),

S(N) + PII (chia thì) + be/V...

Ex:

He was punished by the teacher. He was sad. → Punished by the teacher, he was sad.

Ex:

They have lived here for a long time. They know about it clearly. → Having lived here for a long time, they know about it clearly.

3. Rút gọn mệnh đề quan hệ:

S + be/ V + O(N) │ + Ving

tỏa (nhiệt), xả

(chia thì)

(khí) famine

/'fæmɪn/

(n)

nạn đói kém

greenhouse gas

/ˌɡriːnhaʊs 'gæs/

(n)

chất khí gây hiệu ứng nhà kính

Ex:

The man who lives next to me is a doctor.

│ + PII

→ The man living next to me is a doctor. Ex:

Many things considered impossible in the past have come in reality now. PART 2: EXERCISES

7. The increase in the earth's temperature can cause _______ heat-related _______ illnesses which can be dangerous to people. 8. A large amount of carbon dioxide _________ emissions _______ are released into the

A. PHONETICS

atmosphere by burning fossil fuels.

I. Find the word which has a different sound in the part underlined.

9. Many species are threatened with _______ extinction _______ due to deforestation and loss of

1. A. dinner

B. disappear

C. discover

D. dinosaur

habit.

2. A. robot

B. robe

C. rock

D. role

3. A. constant

B. modern

C. obvious

D. robot

4. A. continue

B. finish

C. likely

D. instant

5. A. annual

B. basic

C. average

D. capacity

10. More trees should be planted as they _______ absorb _______ carbon dioxide and give off

II. Choose the word which has a different stress pattern from the others.

oxygen. IL. Use the word given in capitals at the end of each line to form the word that fits in the gap in the same line. 1. Global warming may lead to ____extreme_____ weather events, including heat waves, floods, and powerful storms, which could affect people's lives. (EXTREMELY)

1. A. importance

B. happiness

C. employment

D. relation

2. A. possible

B. cultural

C. confident

D. supportive

2. Every one of us can help to protect and sustain our environment by ____changing_____ our consumption habits. (CHANGE)

3. A. office

B. nature

C. result

D. farmer

3. Even slight increase in the levels of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere can cause a

4. A. difficult

B. popular

C. effective

D. national

___significant__ rise in temperature. (SIGNIFICANCE)

5. A. answer

B. reply

C. singer

D. future

B. VOCABUALRY AND GRAMMAR

4. There is a ___connection____ between the recent droughts and climate change. (CONNECT) 5. Farming contributes more than 30 percent of the total greenhouse gas _____emissions____.

1. Choose the correct word in the bracket to complete the sentences.

(EMIT)

deforestation absorb

heat-related

emissions

extinction

catastrophic

footprint

diversity

preserve

6. The overuse of chemical ____fertilizers____ is a serious threat to the environment. (FERTILIZE)

infectious

7. Global warming is the increase in the earth's average surface temperature due to the warming ____effects_____ of greenhouse gases. (EFFECTIVE)

1. Global warming has proved truly ________ catastrophic _________ for the environment.

8. The main cause of _____global____ warming is the burning of fossil fuels, such as natural

2. Having measured the company's carbon _______ footprint _____, they realised that the

gas, oil, and coal. (GLOBE)

amount of carbon dioxide (CO) it produced was great.

9. The ____warming____ of the earth's atmosphere causes sea-level rise. (WARM)

3. Rainforests have the highest species ________ diversity _____ on the earth.

10. Many animal species are in danger of extinction due to the loss of their habitat and inability to ____adapt_____ to climate change. (ADAPTION)

4. We need to _______ preserve ___ the diversity of wildlife because each species has an important role to play. 5. Scientists have warned about the relationship between climate change and the spread of __ infectious ___ diseases. 6. The alarming rate of ______ deforestation ________ results in damage to the quality of the land.

III. Choose the best answer A, B, C or D to complete the sentences. 1. Developed countries are responsible for 80% of the ____ carbon dioxide that is already in the atmosphere. A. man-made

B. men-made

C. man-making

D. man-mades

2. The government must take ____ to cut vehicle emissions. A. measures

B. repeat

C. discover

D. ban

3. They didn't forget ____ a short vacation in Cuc Phuong National Park last year. A. being spent

B. having been spent C. to spend

D. having spent

15. Vietnam has been named among the 12 countries most ____ for climate change by the World Bank.

D. risk

C. READING

A. at danger

4. The effects of climate change on humans and nature are ____. A. catastrophic

B. temperature

C. global

5. A layer of greenhouse gases – primarily water vapor, and carbon dioxide - acts as a ____ blanket for the Earth, absorbing heat and warming the surface. A. heat

B. heating

C. thermal

B. for having rebuilt C. to rebuild B. various

C. population

landslides

D. hot

economic

D. of having rebuilt

B. Being planted

C. cause

D. effect

C. To plant

D. To have planted

people. B. heat-relate

farmland

impacts

agencies

Vietnam is likely to continue facing extreme weather (1) ____ conditions ____ such as higher

10. The increase in the earth's temperature can cause ____illness which can be dangerous to A. heat-related

temperature

Vietnam Likely to Face Extreme Weather Conditions by 2050

9. ____ trees around the house on the south and west sides, they can save up to about $250 a year on cooling and heating. A. Having planted

conditions

support

D. type

expansion of the greenhouse ____. B. damage

biodiversity

rainfall

8. Most climate scientists agree the main cause of the current global warming trend is human A. gas

D. ready

space.

7. We need to preserve the ____ of wildlife because each species has an important role to play. A. diversity

C. at risk

I. Fill each of the numbered blanks in the following passage. Use only one word in each

6. We admired the Japanese ____ the city of Fukushima after the disaster. A. to being rebuilt

B. in risk

C. heat-relating

D. heated-relate

(2) ___ temperature __, lower summer rainfalls, stronger storms, and rising sea levels from now to 2050. Temperature in northern Vietnam will rise by between 0.83 degrees Celsius by 2050 and continue its uptrend during the late 21st century. Summer (3) ___ rainfall ___ will decline in most areas. Meanwhile, storms may become rarer but fiercer, causing possible flash floods and (4) _____ landslides ___ in flood-prone areas of northern mountains, central and central highland provinces. The forecasts suggest sea level rise of 100mm-400mm along the entire Vietnamese coast by the end of the 21st century, affecting marine (5) __ biodiversity __ and coastal communities. The experts emphasize the unpredictability of climate change and its

11. Certain ____ in the atmosphere, such as carbon dioxide, methane and nitrous oxide, block

potential

heat from escaping.

(6) ___ impacts _____ to create a variety of dangerous extreme weather events in the future.

A. gases

B. layers

C. effects

D. emissions

12. Having developed green technologies with low-carbon emissions, ____ intends to get rid of

To raise the public awareness of climate change impacts, the Vietnamese government urges concerned (7) ____ agencies ____ to work together on devising worst-case scenario

coal.

models and responses by 2020 and calls on international experts to further (8) ____ support ____ A. that country

B. the communities

C. the effort

D. the possibility

13. Carbon dioxide is one of the primary ____ gases that cause global warming. A. greenhouse

B. house

C. plant

D. home

Vietnam in climate change adaptation. Climate change is a real threat to Viet Nam's socio-(9) ______ economic _____ development. If sea levels rose one meter, five percent of the country's land, eleven percent of its population and percent of its (10) ___ farmland __ would be affects.

14. Carbon dioxide is released through ____ processes such as respiration and volcano eruptions

II. Choose the word or phrase among A, B, C or D that best fits the blank space in the

and through ____ activities such as deforestation, land use change, and burning fossil fuels.

following passage.

A. man-made human

B. ordinary-man-made

C. human natural

D. natural-

Consequences of Global Warming on Wildlife Increasing global temperatures are expected to (1) ____ ecosystems, pushing extinction to those species that cannot adapt. The first comprehensive assessment of the extinction risk (2)

____ global warming found that more than 1 million species could be extinctive by 2050 if the current rate continues. A recent study of (3) ____ 2,000 species of plants and animals discovered movement toward the poles at an average rate 3.8 miles per decade.

massive report issued last year by the Nobel-winning UN Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), according to the authors. Rising sea levels are driven by two things: the thermal expansion of sea water, and additional water from melting sources of ice. Both processes are caused by global warming. The

The latest climate change report found that approximately 20 to 30 percent of plant and animal species assessed so far are likely to be at (4) ____ risk of extinction if global average temperature increases by more than 2.7 to 4.5 degree Fahrenheit. (5) ____ polar bears are drowning because they have to swim longer distances to reach ice floes. The U.S. Geological Survey has predicted that (6) ____ of the world's polar bear populations will be extinct by the mid-century due to melting of the Arctic ice cap. The ocean will continue to become more acidic due to carbon dioxide emissions. (7) ____ this acidification, species with hard calcium carbonate shells are vulnerable, as are coral

ice sheet that sits atop Greenland, for example, contains enough water to raise world ocean levels by seven metres (23 feet), which would bury sea-level cities from Dhaka to Shanghai. Trying to figure out how much each of these factors contributes to rising sea levels is critically important to understanding climate change, and forecasting future temperature rises, scientists say. But up to now, there has been a perplexing gap between the projections of computer-based climate models, and the observations of scientists gathering data from the oceans. The new study, led by Catia Domingues of the Centre for Australian Weather and

reefs, (8) ____

Climate Research, is the first to reconcile the models with observed data. Using new techniques

are vital to ocean ecosystems. Scientists predict that a 3.6 degree Fahrenheit increase (9) ____ temperature would (10) ____ out 97 percent of the world's coral feels.

to assess ocean temperatures to a depth of 700 metres (2,300 feet) from 1961 to 2003, it shows

1. A. endanger

B. benefit

C. harm

D. use

2. A. to

B. from

C. off

D. on

3. A. nearly

B. near

C. relatively

D. wealthy

4. A. declined

B. born

C. presented

D. increased

5. A. Some

B. Few

C. More

D. Little

that thermal warming contributed to a 0.53 millimetre-per-year rise in sea levels rather than the 0.32 mm rise reported by the IPCC. 1. Ultimately, the new study should help scientists to ____. A. lower water levels. B. better predict climate change. C. bury sea-level cities like Dhaka and Shanghai. 2. The rise in water levels is especially dangerous for small island nations and ____.

6. A. two-third

B. two-thirds

C. two-three

D. two-thirdth

7. A. As

B. Due

C. Because

D. Because of

A. low-lying urban areas.

8. A. that

B. when

C. which

D. who

B. all coastal cities.

9. A. away

B. in

C. at

D. of

10. A. send

B. broke

C. wipe

D. lay

III. Read the passage and choose the best answer. The world's oceans have warmed 50 percent faster over the last 40 years than previously thought due to climate change, Australian and US climate researchers reported Wednesday. Higher ocean temperatures expand the volume of water, contributing to a rise in sea levels that is submerging small island nations and threatening to wreak havoc in low-lying, densely populated delta regions around the globe. The study, published in the British journal Nature, adds to a growing scientific chorus of warnings about the pace and consequences rising oceans. It also serves as a corrective to a

C. people who live on the beach. 3. What happens when the ocean's temperature rises? A. It causes sea levels to rise. B. It causes sea levels to remain constant. C. It causes sea levels to decrease. 4. What was the main finding of the study? A. not enough is being done about global warming. B. ocean waters have warmed faster than scientists had previously thought. C. the warming of the world's oceans is not a threat. 5. The new study ____.

A. shows that thermal warming contributed to a 0.32 millimeter-per-year rise in sea levels. B. did not reveal anything that scientists didn't already know. C. used new techniques to assess ocean temperatures. D. WRITING I. Rewrite the sentences, using perfect gerunds. 1. Nam won a scholarship. We are excited about that fact. → We are excited about Nam’s winning a scholarship. 2. Entering the room, I was surprised at what I saw. → When I enter the room, I was surprised at what I saw. 3. The volunteers couldn't mow the old lady's lawns because of the rain. → The rain prevented the volunteers from mowing the old lady's lawns. 4. Since we have become too dependent on the use of electricity, we have to find alternative sources of energy before fossil fuels run out. → Having become too dependent on the use of electricity, we have to find alternative sources of energy before fossil fuels runs out. 5. Tonya had dumped a lot of rubbish on the beach. She was strongly criticised for that. → Tonya was strongly criticised for having dumped a lot of rubbish on the beach. 6. In the Tree Planting Competition, the students in Group 11G planted the most trees in the schoolyard. They were praised for that. → The students in Group 11G were praised for having planted the most trees in the schoolyard in the Tree Planting Competition. 7. After she replaced all the light bulbs in her house with LED lights, she same a lot of money on her electricity bills. → Having replaced all the light bulbs in her house with LED lights, she saved a lot of money on her electricity bills. 8. Sam had not worked hard enough in his previous job. He regretted it. → Sam regretted not having worked hard enough in his previous job. 9. Someone had cut down the oldest tree in the park. The police suspected Mike of doing it. → The police suspected Mike of having cut down the oldest tree in the park. 10. Since the farmers used too much chemical fertiliser on their farm, they now have to drink polluted water.

→ Having used too much chemical fertiliser on their farm, the farmers now have to drink polluted water. 11. Denis had taken an active part in the Green Summer activities. He was rewarded for that. → Denis was rewarded for having taken an active part in the Green Summer activities. 12. After the students had learnt about the benefits of recycling and reusing, they started collecting waste paper, bottles, and cans to recycle and reuse. → Having learnt about the benefits of recycling and reusing, the students started collecting waste paper, bottles, and cans to recycle and reuse. II. Rewrite the sentences, using perfect gerunds. 1. David did his homework and they went to bed. → After having done his homework, they went to bed. 2. It is easy for anyone to learn how to cook. → Learning how to cook is easy for anyone. 3. Tony had rescued the kids from the fire. People admired him for that. → People admired Tony for having rescued the kids from the fire. 4. He had dumped lots of rubbish onto the beach. He denied it. → He denied having dumped lots of rubbish onto the beach. 5. After Ha had read some documents about Green Earth, she decided to join the organization. → Having read some documents about Green Earth, Ha decided to join the organization. 6. I have seen him before. I remember that. → I remember having seen him before. 7. You had saved the lives of hundreds of wild animals. Thank you for that. → Thank you for having saved the lives of hundreds of wild animals. 8. They had hunted and killed many wild animals. Later they regretted what they had done. → They regretted having hunted and killed many wild animals. 9. Since Mai had refused Nam's offer of a lift in his car, she had to walk home. → Having refused Nam’s offer of a lift in his car, Mai had to walk home. 10. 'You've lied to us, the villagers said. The politician denied it. → The politician denied having lied to the villagers. 11. The factory had dumped tons of toxic waste into the river. It was heavily fined for that. → The factory was heavily fined for having dumped tons of toxic waste into the river. 12. Thanh had forgotten to turn off the gas cooker before he left his house. He admitted that. → Thanh admitted having forgotten to turn off the gas cooker before leaving his house.

III. Rewrite the following sentences using Perfect Participle. Ex:

5. He bought a radio. First he checked the price. → After having checked the price, he bought a radio.

We switched off the lights before we went to bed. → Having switched off the lights, we went to bed.

6. They argued. Then they fought. → After having argued, they fought.

1. Zoe had practiced a lot, so she was sure of her winning in the competition. Having practiced a lot, Zoe was sure of her winning in the competition.

7. She went out for a walk. Then she had a fatal accident. → Before having a fatal accident, she went out for a walk.

2. The boy asked his mother's permission and then went out to play. Having asked his mother's permission, the boy went out to play.

8. She decided to go away. First she faced the matter. → After having faced the matter, she decided to go away.

3. As he had drunk too much, he didn't drive home himself. Having drunk too much, he didn't drive home himself.

9. We read the book, then we wrote the assignment. → Before writing the assignment, we read the book.

4. We have done two tests today, so we are exhausted. Having done two tests today, we are exhausted.

10. She watched the film, then she wrote a report. → After having watched the film, she wrote a report.

5. She filled the washing machine and switched it on.

PART 3: TEST YOURSELF

Filling the washing machine, she switched it on. 6. She had been to disco the night before and she overslept in the morning.

I. Find the word which has a different sound in the part underlined.

Having been to disco the night before, she overslept in the morning.

1. A. sale

B. serve

C. sure

D. sort

7. We had worked in the garden all day and were sunburned in the evening.

2. A. age

B. altogether

C. change

D. college

Having worked in the garden all day, we were sunburned in the evening.

3. A. mercury

B. mermaid

C. merriment

D. servant

8. She had not slept for two days and therefore she wasn't able to concentrate.

4. A. solar

B. cost

C. knowledge

D. impossible

Having not slept for two days, she wasn't able to concentrate.

5. A. appear

B. measure

C. nuclear

D. year

9. Since I had not seen him for ages, I didn’t recognize him.

II. Choose the word which has a different stress pattern from the others.

Having not seen him for ages, I didn’t recognize him.

1. A. commitee

10. I had not ridden a horse for a long time and I found it very difficult to sit on the saddle.

2. A. lotion

B. escape

C. prefer

D. review

Having not ridden a horse for a long time and I found it very difficult to sit on the saddle.

3. A. commerce

B. consent

C. access

D. advent

IV. Rewrite the following sentences using After or Before.

4. A. mysterious

B. historical

C. heritage

D. particular

1. I told him off. Then I realized I was wrong.

5. A. discriminate

B. accurate

C. transparent

D. benevolent

→ After having told him off, I realized I was wrong. 2. I worked very hard for the exam. Then I passed it. → Before passing the exam, I had worked very hard for it. 3. First I considered what to study. Then I decided to major in Maths. → After having considered what to study, I decided to major in Maths. 4. She wrote a letter. Then she went to bed. → After having written a letter, she went to bed.

B. scientific

C. pagoda

D. computer

III. Choose the best answer A, B, C or D to complete the sentences. 1. Planting trees can contribute to reducing global warming as trees ____ and absorb CO in the air. A. capture

B. pasture

C. calculate

D. appear

2. A strong greenhouse effect will warm the ocean and partially melt glaciers, increasing ____. A. sea level

B. temperature

C. sea water

D. pollution

3. The next dry season will be extremely severe ____ further saltwater intrusion, water and rain shortages, and heat waves.

A. due to

B. thanks to

C. because

D. although

4. Climate change may lead to the extinction of many species and upset the ____ balance. A. ecological

B. biology

C. geography

D. technology

5. Ocean water also will expand if it warm, ____ further to sea level rise. A. leading

B. contributing

C. getting

B. emission

C. greenhouse gas

D. greenhouse effect

B. transportation

C. transfer

D. convert

8. The cleaning of land for agricultural, industry, and other human activities have increased ____ of greenhouse gases. B. collections

C. concentration

D. attention

9. The low ____ in the Mekong Delta leads to acute saline instruction much deeper than the B. salt water

C. water currents

D. sea level

10. Buying organic food is better for the environment because it uses less ____. A. fertilizer

B. fertilize

C. fertilizes

D. fertilized

11. Humans ____ atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration by a third since the Industrial Revolution began. A. had increased

A. being planting

B. having planted

C. plant

D. being planted

average person of Burundi. A. emissions

B. releases

C. eruptions

D. appearance

B. were increasing

C. Increase

capture

greenhouse

illnesses

ecological

dioxide

balance

catastrophic

climate

energy

1. Carbon dioxide is one of the primary ______ greenhouse _________ gases that cause global warming. 2. Deforestation is one of the biggest environmental threats to the ______ ecological ____ balance in the world. 3. There are many ways for us to reduce our carbon _______ dioxide ______ order to save our

traditional 30 to 40 km of mainland that is contaminated with saltwater. A. water level

D. energy-saved

emissions

7. The government must take measures to cut ____ emissions.

A. lots

C. energy-saves

IV. Choose the correct word in the box to complete the sentences.

abundant in the atmosphere.

A. vehicle

B. energy-save

18. Leaving your DVD player on standby produces the same carbon ____ each year as the D. making

6. Methane is a far more active ____ than carbon dioxide, but also one which is much less A. climate change

A. energy-saving

17. The public praised the local farmers for ____ millions of trees of the surrounding hills.

D. have increased

environment. 4. The effects of climate change on humans and nature are ______ catastrophic _______. 5. I believe that the only way for us to reduce global warming is to cut down on _____ energy ____ use. 6. Planting trees can contribute to reducing global warming as trees ______ capture ____ and absorb CO2 in the air.

12. All of the disasters resulted from ____ will continue to have a devastating effect on socio-

7. As global temperature rise, there are more cases of heat-related _____ illnesses ______.

economic development.

8. Motor vehicles running on petrol are responsible for a large amount of carbon dioxide _____

A. ecological balance B. carbon footprint

C. floods

D. climate change

9. Climate change may lead to the extinction of many species and upset the ecological _____

13. The simplest way to reduce your ____ footprint is to cycle to school. A. carbon

B. chemical

C. chemistry

D. dioxide

14. ____ the desalination plant, the company could offer an effective solution to the problem of water scarcity. A. Being built

B. Having been built C. To build

D. Having built

15. Sea level rise is usually regarded as Vietnam's main ____: a one-meter rise would submerge 40 percent of the country and make millions homeless. A. concern

B. disaster

C. hope

16. Replace all the light bulbs in your home with ____ bulbs.

emissions ____.

D. destruction

balance ___. 10. Although global warming is causing changes in weather patterns, it is only one aspect of ___ climate ____ change. V. Choose the word in the box to complete the text. radiation

networks

overall

flooding

vulnerable

systems

throughout

sensitive

increased

urbanization

Global warming and cooling have occurred naturally (1) ____ throughout ___ history. But in the last 200 years, humans' uses of fossil fuels and clear cutting of forests have (2) _____ increased ____ the amount of carbon dioxide and other gases in the atmosphere. These gases

Within the scientific community, there is no debate. (4) ____ scientists agree that global (5) ____ is happening and that human activity is the primary cause. Global warming is already having significant and costly effects- and these consequences

trap some of the (3) ____ radiation ____

will only intensify as the planet's temperature continues to rise. Global warming is accelerating

from the sun which then increases the Earth's temperature. Given the current state of environmental pollution caused by human activities, scientists believe the average temperature of

the (6) ____ of sea level rise and dramatically increasing coastal flooding risk. Climate change has significant effects for our health, including increased air pollution and a longer and (7) ____

the earth may increase 1-2 degrees Celsius which put simply, means some places will get much hotter and some much colder. At the same time, this (4) ____ overall _____ warming effect

intense allergy season.

means more frequent and more intense weather systems, especially in terms of flooding and

atmosphere. As individuals, we can help by taking action to reduce our carbon footprint.

drought.

Tropical deforestation accounts for about 10 percent of the world's heat trapping emissions. Reducing tropical deforestation can significantly lower global warming emissions and plays an

Vietnam is one of the most (5) ____ vulnerable ____ environments due to its location on

We must significantly reduce the heat-trapping (8) ____ we are putting into the

the planet. It is already subject to some of the earth's most powerful weather systems and the increased frequency and intensity of storms will affect it often and directly, especially in coastal

integral role in a long-term solution to global warming.

areas where most people live.

misinformation about the truth of global warming misleads and confuses the public and makes it

Various estimates have been made as to the possible impacts. The most directly affected sector will be agriculture, which is very (6) ____ sensitive _____ to flooding and the effects of

more difficult to carry (10) ____ effective solutions. 1. A. that

B. which

C. who

D. when

extreme weather.

2. A. Global

B. Globaliness

C. Globally

D. Globe

3. A. deforestation

B. culture

C. relation

D. afforestation

urbanization ___, and modernization process. This means it can avoid many of the mistakes

4. A. Most of

B. Mostly

C. Most

D. Almost

made by wealthier industrial countries. For example, wireless communication (8) ____ networks ___ can be built from the start rather than installing lines that can be destroyed in extreme

5. A. wrapping

B. proving

C. offering

D. warming

weather. Cities can be designed and located in less vulnerable locations. Climate-friendly building codes and standards can be created that are both more efficient and less prone to heat

6. A. number

B. rate

C. amount

D. part

7. A. more

B. few

C. less

D. little

stress, wind damage, and (9) _____ flooding ____. Climate friendly transport (10) ____ systems

8. A. inclusions

B. ceremony

C. emissions

D. creations

____, especially public transport, can be adopted.

9. A. factor

B. stories

C. problems

D. solutions

VI. Choose the word or phrase among A, B, C or D that best fits the blank space in the following passage.

10. A. out

B. in

C. on

D. away

Vietnam has the advantage of coming relatively late into the industrialization, (7) ___

Global warming is primarily a problem of too much carbon dioxide in the atmosphere, (1) ____ acts as a blanket, trapping heat and the planet. (2) ____, the average surface temperature

Sometimes it is difficult to achieve meaningful (9) ____ to global warming because

VII. Read a text about common wedding rituals in the USA and answer the questions that follow. One of the factors in global warming is carbon monoxide. The more carbon monoxide in

has increases more than one degree Fahrenheit since the late 1800s. Most of that increase has

the atmosphere, the less the atmosphere is able to clean itself. The result is a warming of the

occurred over the past three decades.

atmosphere, the so-called global warming, and possibly ozone damage.

We are overloading our atmosphere with carbon dioxide, which traps heat and steadily

Earlier, it was found that carbon monoxide was concentrated in the Southern Hemisphere,

drives up the planet's temperature. Carbon dioxide comes from the fossil fuels we burn for

and could be attributed to deforestation. Huge areas of forest and grasslands in South America

energy, such as coal, natural gas, and oil, and the loss of forests due to (3) ____, especially in the tropics.

and Africa have been burned, putting carbon monoxide into the atmosphere. Recently, however,

the Southern Hemisphere has been found to be clean, while the Northern Hemisphere is more polluted than expected. The latest research was done during the northern winter. The high levels in the Northern

Because the farmers had been told about the dangers of chemical fertilisers, they turned to bio fertilisers. 2. Having spent the whole day cleaning up my room, I needed to take a shower and have a rest.

Hemisphere could be because of this. In winter carbon monoxide is destroyed more slowly.

(Because)

There are also more fires burned in winter, and possibly industrial processes work harder. It could also reflect the ever-increasing number of cars on the roads. Optimists hope that the reason

Because I had spent the whole day cleaning up my room, I needed to take a shower and have a

why the North has overtaken the South as the major area of carbon monoxide is that at last the burning has stopped, or at least slowed down.

3. Having finished all my homework, I watched my favourite film on TV. (After)

1. Which of the following is the best title for the passage?

4. Having watched the documentary about wildlife, I made a donation to an environmental

A Global warming.

B. Carbon monoxide in the

atmosphere. C. The warming of the atmosphere.

rest. After I had finished all my homework, I watched my favourite film on TV. society. (After) After I had watched the documentary about wildlife, I made a donation to an environmental

D. Ozone damage.

2. Which of the following is NOT a reason for carbon dioxide?

society.

A. Ozone damage.

B. Burning of forest.

5. Having read the stories about people who reduced their carbon footprint, we started to change our daily consumption habits. (After)

C. Traffic.

D. Industry.

After we had read the stories about people who reduced their carbon footprint, we started to

3. According to the author which of the following is a reason why in winter there is more carbon-

change our daily consumption habits.

monoxide in the atmosphere?

6. Having eaten my evening meal, I decided to go for a walk. (After)

A. Fewer factories are working.

After I had eaten my evening meal, I decided to go for a walk.

B. There is a decrease in the amount of traffic on the roads.

7. Having managed water resources irresponsibly, the authorities had to deal with water

C. Central heating means there are fewer fires nowadays.

shortages in the region. (Since)

D. Carbon monoxide is not absorbed so fast.

Since the authorities had managed water resources irresponsibly, they had to deal with water shortages in the region.

4. Why are the optimists happy? A. People are buying more cars. B. There is more carbon dioxide in the North. C. They are possibly burning fewer forests in the Southern Hemisphere.

Unit 7. FURTHER EDUCATION - KEY

D. Industry must be doing better.

PART 1: VOCABULARY AND GRAMMAR REVIEW

5. What is the attitude of the author towards the new findings? A. He is biased in favor of the South.

B. He is neutral.

A. VOCABULARY

C. He agrees with the optimists.

D. He is worried about the North.

abroad

/əˈbrɔːd/

(adv) ở nước ngoài

VIII. Rewrite the following sentences using the words in the brackets

academic

/ˌækəˈdemɪk/

(adj)

thuộc về hoặc liên quan đến giáo dục, việc học tập,

1. Having been told about the dangers of chemical fertilisers, they turned to bio - fertilisers.

mang tính học (n)

tiện nghi ăn ở, chỗ ăn ở

thuật

(Because) accommodation /əˌkɒməˈdeɪʃn/

achieve

/əˈtʃiːv/

(v)

đạt được

passion

/ˈpæʃn/

admission

/ədˈmɪʃn/

(n)

sự vào hoặc được nhận vào một trường học

potential

/pəˈtenʃl/

analytical

/ˌænəˈlɪtɪkl/

(n)

sự say mê, niềm say mê (n)

khả năng, tiềm lực

(adj)

(thuộc) phân tích

profession

/prəˈfeʃn/

(n)

nghề, nghề nghiệp

baccalaureate /ˌbækəˈlɔːriət/

(n)

kì thi tú tài

pursue

/pəˈsjuː/

(v)

đeo đuổi

bachelor

/ˈbætʃələ(r)/

(n)

người có bằng cử nhân

qualification /ˌkwɒlɪfɪˈkeɪʃn/

(n)

văn bằng, học vị, chứng chỉ

broaden

/ˈbrɔːdn/

(n)

mở rộng, nới rộng

scholarship

/ˈskɒləʃɪp/

(n)

học bổng

campus

/ˈkæmpəs/

(n)

khu trường sở, sân bãi (của các trường trung học,

skill

/skɪl/

(n)

kĩ năng

talent

/ˈtælənt/

(n)

tài năng, năng lực, nhân tài

training

/ˈtreɪnɪŋ/

(n)

rèn luyện, đào tạo

đại học) collaboration /kəˌlæbəˈreɪʃn/ (n)

cộng tác

college

/ˈkɒlɪdʒ/

(n)

trường cao đẳng hoặc trường chuyên nghiệp

transcript

/ˈtrænskrɪpt/

(n)

học bạ, phiếu điểm

consult

/kənˈsʌlt/

(v)

hỏi ý kiến, tra cứu, tham khảo

tuition

/tjuˈɪʃn/

(n)

tiền học, học phí

coordinator

/kəʊˈɔːdɪneɪtə(r)/

(n)

người điều phối, điều phối viên

tutor

/ˈtjuːtə(r)/

(n)

thầy giáo dạy kèm

course

/kɔːs/

(n)

khóa học, chương trình học

undergraduate /ˌʌndəˈɡrædʒuət/

(n)

sinh viên đang học đại học hoặc cao đẳng, chưa tốt

critical

/ˈkrɪtɪkl/

(adj)

thuộc bình phẩm, phê bình

nghiệp

/ˌsiːˈviː/

(n)

viết tắt của curriculum vitae, bản tóm tắt quá trình

university

/ˌjuːnɪˈvɜːsəti/

(n)

trường đại học

vocational

/vəʊˈkeɪʃənl/

(adj)

thuộc về hoặc liên quan đến học nghề, hướng

một người (thường nộp theo đơn xin việc); bản lí

nghiệp

hoạt động của lịch

B. GRAMMAR REVIEW

dean

/diːn/

(n)

chủ nhiệm khoa (một trường đại học)

1. PRESENT PERFECT (Hiện tại hoàn thành)

degree

/dɪˈɡriː/

(n)

học vị, bằng cấp

a. Form (Cấu trúc):

diploma

/dɪˈpləʊmə/

(n)

bằng cấp, văn bằng

(+) S + have/ has + Vp2/ ed + O

doctorate

/ˈdɒktərət/

(n)

học vị tiến sĩ

(-) S + have/ has + not + Vp2/ ed + O

eligible

/ˈelɪdʒəbl/

(adj)

đủ tư cách, thích hợp

enrol

/ɪnˈrəʊl/

(v)

ghi danh

b. Uses (Cách sử dụng)

enter

/ˈentə(r)/

(v)

gia nhập, theo học một trường

- Diễn tả 1 sự việc vừa mới xảy ra.

faculty

/ˈfæklti/

(n)

khoa (của một trường đại học)

Ex: I have just finished the financial report. (Tôi vừa hoàn thành xong bản báo cáo tài

institution

/ˌɪnstɪˈtjuːʃn/

(n)

viện, trường đại học

chính.)

internship

/ˈɪntɜːnʃɪp/

(n)

giai đoạn thực tập

kindergarten /ˈkɪndəɡɑːtn/

(n)

trường mẫu giáo ( cho trẻ 4 - 6 tuổi)

major

(n)

môn học chính của sinh viên, chuyên ngành

/ˈmeɪdʒə(r)/

mandatory

/ˈmændətəri/

(a)

có tính bắt buộc

Master

/ˈmɑːstə(r)/

(n)

thạc sĩ

(?) Have/ has (not) + S + Vp2/ ed + O?

- Diễn tả 1 sự việc đã xảy ra trong quá khứ nhưng còn liên quan đến hiện tại. Ex: My husband has worked for this company for 2 years. (Chồng tôi đã làm cho công ty này được 2 năm - Nghĩa là: cách đây 2 năm đã bắt đầu làm, hiện tại vẫn có thể đang làm cho công ty này hoặc không) - Diễn tả 1 sự việc đã xảy ra ở một thời điểm không xác định trong quá khứ. Ex: She has been in China for a long time. (Đã có một thời gian dài cô ấy ở Trung Quốc.)

Trong 2 ví dụ trên, ví dụ (a) có thể hiểu là Mr. Smith vẫn đang ở buổi họp trong khi đó ở ví dụ (b) Amada đã đi đến đó và trở về rồi.

- Nhấn mạnh đến trải nghiệm bản thân (the first/second/third/last… time), nhấn mạnh kết quả: Ex:

+ I have seen that film three times. (Tôi đã từng xem bộ phim này 3 lần)

- Một số lưu ý khác:

+ This is the first time that he has been in the USA. (Đây là lần đầu tiên anh ấy đến Mỹ)

Trong các mệnh để diễn tả sự so sánh hơn nhất, số thứ tự, sự duy nhất hay số lần thực hiện hành động → Động từ chia ở Hiện tại hoàn thành.

c. Advs (Trạng ngữ nhận biết) - just, recently, lately: gần đây, vừa mới

Ex:

- This is the most interesting story I have heard.

- before : trước đây

- This is the only foreigner I have ever known.

- already: rồi

(1) It's the first / second / ... time + HTHT

- ever: từng

(2) This is the first / second ... time + HTHT

- never: không bao giờ, chưa bao giờ

Ex:

- yet: chưa

- It's the first time I have driven a car. - This is the first time she has lived in New York. Its + khoảng thời gian + since + sb last did sth: Đó là khoảng thời gian kể từ khi ai đó làm gì.

- since: kể từ khi - for: khoảng

I haven't seen her for 3 days. → It's 3 days since I last saw her.

- so far = until now = up to now = up to the present: cho đến bây giờ

Ex:

d. Một số lưu ý đối với thì hiện tại hoàn thành

2. PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS (Hiện tại hoàn thành tiếp diễn)

- Phân biệt “Since” và “For”:

a. Form (Cấu trúc)

Ex:

since

mốc thời gian

(+) S + have/ has + been + Ving

for

khoảng thời gian

(-) S + have/ has + not + been + Ving

- I've known Anna for two months. - Phân biệt “yet” và “already”:

Ex:

tiếp tục xảy ra trong tương lai. (Nhấn mạnh tính liên tục của hành động)

: dùng trong câu phủ định và câu nghi vấn

Ex:

already

: dùng trong câu khẳng định

(Tôi đã dạy tiếng Anh kể từ khi tôi là sinh viên năm thứ 2, đã bắt đầu dạy trong quá khứ, hiện tại vẫn

- He hasn't come yet.

- Thường dùng “ever”, “never” với Hiện tại hoàn thành: - He has never been there. - Have you ever eaten snake meat? - Phân biệt “Have/ has been” khác với “have/ has gone”: Ex:

b. Uses (Cách sử dụng): Diễn tả sự việc đã xảy ra trong quá khứ, kéo dài đến hiện tại và có thể

yet

- I've already posted the letters. Ex:

(?) Have/ Has (not) + S + been + Ving?

- I've known Anna since October.

(a) Mr. Smith is not here at the moment. He has gone to a meeting in London. (b) Amada has been to the travel agent. She has your tickets for Hong Kong.

I have been teaching English since I was a second-year student.

đang tiếp tục dạy và có thể trong tương lai vẫn dạy) c. Advs (Trạng ngữ nhận biết) - For + time + now, và giống các trạng ngữ của thì hiện tại hoàn thành (Thường sẽ có 1 vế giải thích ở hiện tại tiếp diễn) PART 2: EXERCISES A. PHONETICS I. Find the word which has a different sound in the part underlined. 1. A. ago

B. across

C. about

D. adult

11. She (work) ___has been working___ so hard this week that she (not have) ____hasn’t had___ time to go to the cinema.

2. A. language

B. article

C. partly

D. hardly

3. A. but

B. cut

C. sun

D. put

4. A. lake

B. plane

C. plan

D. state

12. Your hair is wet. (You swim) ___Have you swum____ for a long time?

D. president

13. Bill is still a bad driver although he (drive) ____has been driving____ cars for six years.

5. A. lecture

B. medium

C. inventor

II. Choose the word which has a different stress pattern from the others.

14. You look very tired. (You work) ____Have you worked___ very hard ?

1. A. definition

B. politician

C. situation

D. production

15. The phone (ring) ___has been ringing__ for 2 minutes, but I (not answer) ___haven’t

2. A. image

B. purchase

C. mislead

D. deadline

answered__ it yet.

3. A. extinction

B. endangered

C. business

D. intention

II. Put the correct preposition for the sentences below.

4. A. cattle

B. country

C. canal

D. cover

1. Academic courses should teach practical skills ______in_______ addition to critical thinking.

5. A. copy

B. remove

C. notice

D. cancel

2. When a student enters a college or university, he/she has to choose a main subject

B. VOCABUALRY AND GRAMMAR

______of_____ study, which is called major.

I. Put the verbs in the present perfect or the present perfect continuous tense.

3. Specialized vocational courses such _______as______ design and cooking are very popular.

1. I (try) ___have been trying___ to learn French for years, but I (not succeed) ___haven’t

4. Students _______with________ bachelor's degrees can pursue postgraduate education to get master's or doctoral degrees.

succeeded__ yet. 2. She (read) ___has been reading___ all the works of Dickens. How many (you read) ___have

5. It's difficult ________to_______ find a place to park in the city centre.

you read___? 3. I (wait) ___have been waiting___ here nearly half an hour for my girlfriend; do you think she

6. Although Kevin did not have any academic qualifications, he had a lot _____of______ practical experience.

(forget) ___has forgot____ to come?

7. We have just attended a seminar _______on____ further education.

4. Mary (rest) ___has rested__ in the garden all day because she (be) _____was____ ill.

8. Students can choose to pursue further education which is generally divided ______into_____

5. Although John (study) ____has been studying___ at the University for 5 years, he (not get) __hasn’t got___ his degree yet.

higher education and vocational education and training.

6. Jack (go) ____has gone___ to Switzerland for a holiday. He (never, be) ___has never

10. The academic year has just started and I have been living _______in_____ the halls of

been____ there.

residence so far.

9. I started the course two weeks ago, but I have already passed most _______of______ the tests.

7. We (live) ____have lived__ here for the last six months, and (just, decide) __have just

III. Choose the correct words in brackets to complete the sentences.

decided___ to move.

1. Prof. Wilson has given / has been givingthe same seminar to students for the last 12 years.

8. That book (lie) ____has been lying____ on the table for weeks. You (not read) ___haven’t

2. She has never understood / has never been understanding why so many young people want

you read___

to study abroad.

it yet?

3. Nam has studied / has been studyingEnglish for two years.

9. He (not be) ____hasn’t been____ here since Christmas; I wonder where he (live) ___has

4. He has attended / has been attending online vocational courses twice.

lived___ since then.

5. Have you applied / Have you applying for the scholarship to study in Singapore?

10. He (lose) ____has lost____ his books. He (look) ___has been looking___ for them all

6. We have waited / have been waitingfor the university's reply about entry requirements for the

afternoon, but they (not turn up) ___haven’t turned up___ yet.

whole week. We hope to receive it soon.

7. The British Council has used / has been usingIELTS as an international standardised test of English for non-native English language speakers for a long time. 8. The university has built / has been buildinga new campus since May.

A. not received

B. didn't receive

C. haven't received

A. is/was

B. has been/is

C. has been/was

D. has been/had been

C. haven't decided

D. hadn't decided

9. We have read / have been reading three books on vocational training to complete this project.

4. We ____ what to do with the money yet.

10. They have read / have been readinga report on a further education since last Monday. I will finish it this Sunday.

5. My father ____ as a teacher for almost thirty years.

11. Mary has stayed / has been stayingat a homestay for three weeks during her undergraduate programme.

D. hadn't received

3. Today is Thursday and she ____ late twice this week. She ____ late yesterday and on Monday.

A. not decide A. works

B. didn't decide B. is working

C. worked

D. has been working

6. He ____ to New York at least three times this year.

12. I have applied / have been applying for a vocational scholarship three times. IV. Use the word given in capitals at the end of each line to form the word that fits in the gap in the same line.

A. had been going B. was going A. get

1. Can you explain what types of _____funding___ are available for international students? (FUND) 2. Are _____international_____ students allowed to work part-time? (NATIONAL) 3. I'd like to consult you about the ______cultural_____ differences (that) I should be aware of. (CULTURE) 4. What _____worries______ me most is the high cost of living in London as an international

D. is going

B. got

C. have got

D. had got

B. washed

C. has washed

D. has been washing

8. She ____ dishes already. A. was washing 9. I ____ you for ages. A. haven't been meeting

B. didn't meet

C. wasn't meeting

D. haven't met

10. Tom is still watching television. He ____ television all day. A. has been watching

student. (WORRY)

C. has been going

7. They ____ to know each other for more than ten years.

B. was watching

C. has watched

D. watched

_____academic_____ programmes in higher education. (ACADEMY)

11. A Bachelor's degree is a three-year or four-year course you take in undergraduate higher education after you ____ further education.

6. Most of these students are interested in pursuing ______undergraduate_______ studies for bachelor's degrees. (GRADUATE)

finishing

7. Some students decide to study in the United States or the United Kingdom to improve their

12. At most institutions in the UK, the ____ starts in September or October and runs until June or July.

5. One of the reasons for Vietnamese students' studying abroad is the quality of the

language _____skills______, which can help them to get a better job. SKILLFUL 8. Some universities in the United States offer different ____scholarships___ to international

A. has finished

A. leap year

B. had been finishing

B. gap year

C. have finished

C. new year

D. have been

D. academic year

students to help to cover tuition fees and living costs. (SCHOOL)

13. That university ____ the Advanced Programme with the aim to enrol around 500

9. The higher education _____qualifications_____ gained at UK universities and colleges are recognised worldwide. (QUALIFY)

international students for a decade.

10. Universities must better prepare students for their _____professional_____ careers.

A. has been implementing

B. will be implementing

C. have implemented

D. will implement

(PROFESSION)

14. Further and higher education colleges offer courses and qualification wide range of

V. Choose the best answer A, B, C or D to complete the sentences.

vocational and academic subjects at many ____. A. levels

1. We ____ him since he ____ married. A. didn't see/got 2. I ____ the money yet.

B. haven't seen/got

C. don't/get

D. hadn't seen/got

B. positions

C. standards

D. qualities

15. Depending on your nationality, you may be ____ for a loan or financial support from the UK government.

A. keen

B. eligible

C. legal

D. capable

16. The UK offers a wide range of work-based ____ for students seeking to build careers in

II. Fill each of the numbered blanks in the following passage. Use only one word in each space.

specific industries. A. exercising

B. practicing

C. learning

D. training

17. University ____ in Vietnam can decide their own criteria for enrolling international students. A. bosses

B. leaders

C. principals

D. rectors

18. A Bachelor's degree is also known as the ____ university degree or an undergraduate degree. A. main

B. ordinary

C. first

D. major

19. The teachers at Edinburgh College encourage students to ____ with others, experiment with arts and find their own ideas. A. solve

B. collaborate

C. support

D. improve

20. With thousands of UK further education courses on offer, you can choose a course that ____ your goals and interests. A. watches

B. appoints

C. fixes

D. matches

C. READING I. Fill the blank with a suitable word. In the USA, further education generally refers to education undertaken by adults of all ages after leaving full-time study. It doesn't include degree courses (1) ___taken___ at college or university directly after leaving high school, which come under (2) ___higher___ education. Further education includes everything from basic reading and writing skills for the illiterate to full-time professional and doctorate degrees at university. On many university (3) ___campuses__, more students are enrolled in further education courses than in (4) __regular__ degree programmes. Often adult education students don't need to be high school or degree graduates or take any tests or interviews, and they're generally (5) ___admitted___ on a first-come, first served basis. A high school diploma is (6) ___required___ for some courses, although General Educational Development (GED) tests allow students to (7) ___earn____ a high school equivalency diploma. Adult education courses may be full-time or part-time and are provided by two and fouryear colleges, universities, community colleges, (8) ___technical__ schools, and elementary and high schools. Courses are also provided by private community organizations, government (9) __agencies__, and job training centres. More and more adult education programmes are becoming (10) ___available___ on the Internet, including courses which offer university or continuing education credits for completion.

leading

straight

long

fields

education

higher

offers

persuade

skilled

qualifications

Further education in Britain means (1) ___ education ___ after GCSE exams taken around the age of 16. It includes courses of study (2) ____ leading ___ to A-levels which students do at their school or college. Some students go (3) _____ straight_____ to a college of further education which (4) ____ offers __ a wide range of full or part-time courses. Further education also includes training for professional (5) ____ qualifications __ in nursing, accountancy, and management and in (6) ____ fields _____ such as arts and music. The term (7) _____ higher _____ education is used to refer to degree courses at universities. The British government is keen on (8) ____ persuade ____ more young people to remain in education as (9) _____long_____ as possible in order to build up a more highly (10) ___ skilled ___, better educated workforce. III. Choose the word or phrase among A, B, C or D that best fits the blank in the following passage. British further education qualifications are respected by employers and (1) ____ worldwide. There are two main types: academic courses, and vocational and professional courses. Academic courses help you (2) ____ for higher education at a university or college. They aim to develop your analytical skills, critical thinking and knowledge. (3) ____ and professional courses give you the skills and qualification you need to enter and succeed in your chosen career. They offer technical (4) ____ and skills for the workplace. British (5) ____ education providers invest heavily in facilities - from libraries, computer centres and science laboratories to sports centres, theatres and arts studios. Class sizes are (6) ____ to ensure that you have access to equipment and enough time to talk to your tutors and lectures. British qualifications are a great boost to your CV and to your earnings. Employers are increasingly looking for (7) ____ with multicultural experience. Moreover, British colleges and universities have strong links with industry - many courses are designed in partnership with, and taught by, industry professional. Many include the option of a year in industry or a work placement, giving you real professional (8) ____. English is widely regarded as the language of business. Studying in the UK helps you learn language quickly, through your studies, friends and everyday life. If you need any additional support, (9) ____ are lots of English language classes across the UK.

The UK is a truly multicultural society, with a wonderful mix of people from many different backgrounds. As a student, you'll get to know people from all over the world and be

"The feedback we have had from employers is that our graduates are more apt to go off and find out information for themselves, rather than asking their supervisors what to do next,"

inspired by many cultures. Many colleges have international offices and advisers to ensure you

says Brittany Bir, chief operating officer of 42 in California and a graduate of its sister school in

feel welcome and are supported (10) ____ your time in British further education.

Paris. Ms Bir says 42's graduates will be better able to work with others and discuss and defend

1. A. academics

B. academy

C. academical

D. academically

2. A. get

B. prepare

C. make

D. support

their ideas - an important skill in the "real world” of work. “This is particularly important in computer programming, where individuals are notorious for lacking certain human skills," she

3. A. Occasional

B. Vocational

C. Optional

D. Various

says.

4. A. growing

B. changing

C. adding

D. training

5. A. further

B. each

C. both

D. every

6. A. bored

B. restricted

C. expensive

D. attracted

7. A. joins

B. enters

C. arrives

D. graduates

8. A. experiment

B. factor

C. experience

D. problem

9. A. there

B. that

C. which

D. they

10. A. in

B. over

C. throughout

D. cross

IV. Read the passage and choose the best answer. It's called 42 - the name taken from the answer to the meaning of life, from the science fiction series The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy. 42 was founded by French technology billionaire Xavier Niel, whose backing means there are no tuition fees and accommodation is free. Mr Niel and his co-founders come from the world of technology and start-ups, and they are trying to do to education what Facebook did to communication and Airbus to accommodation. Students at 42 are given a choice of projects that they might be set in a job as a software engineer - perhaps to design a website or a computer game. They complete a project using resources freely available on the Internet and by seeking help from their fellow students, who work alongside them in a large open-plan room full of computers. Another student will then be randomly assigned to mark their work. The founders claim this method of learning makes up for shortcomings in the traditional education system, which they say encourages students to be passive recipients of knowledge. “Peer-to-peer learning develops students with the confidence to search for solutions by themselves, often in quite creative and ingenious ways." Like in computer games, the students are asked to design and they go up a level by completing a project. They graduate when they reach level 21, which usually takes three to five years. And at the end, there is a certificate but no formal degree. Recent graduates are now working at companies including IBM, Amazon, and Tesla, as well as starting their own firms.

But could 42's model of teacherless learning work in mainstream universities? Brittany Bir admits 42's methods do not suit all students. "It suits individuals who are very disciplined and self-motivated, and who are not scared by having the freedom to work at their own pace," she says. Question 1: According to the passage, 42 is ____. A. a kind of school

B. a type of accommodation

C. an innovation in technology

D. a tool of virtual communication

Question 2: The word "them" in paragraph 2 refers to ____. A. students at 42

B. projects

C. resources

D. software engineers

Question 3: The author mentions “to design a website or a computer game” in paragraph 2 to illustrate ____. A. a job that a French software engineer always does B. a choice of assignment that students at 42 have to complete C. a free resource available on the Internet D. a help that students at 42 get for their work Question 4: What do 42's graduates receive on completion of their course? A. a certificate

B. a degree

C. a project

D. a design

Question 5: Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage? A. The founders of 42 share the idea of providing free service on Facebook. B. It normally takes 42's students at least five years to complete their course. C. The students of 42 are required to play computer games during their course. D. 42's peer-to-peer approach promotes active learning and working. Question 6: According to Ms Bir, 42's graduates will be able to improve ____. A. the skills of giving feedback information

B. the skills of searching for

C. the skills of teamwork and debating programming

D. the skills of software

Question 7: The word "notorious" in paragraph 5 can be best replaced by ____. A. respectable

B. incompetent

C. infamous

→ Mary has been staying at a homestay for three weeks during her undergraduate programme. PART 3: TEST YOURSELF

D. memorable

Question 8: It can be inferred from the passage that ____.

I. Find the word which has a different sound in the part underlined.

A. 42 is a good choice for people of all ages and nationalities

1. A. business

B. bustle

C. hundred

D. number

B. all 42's graduates are employed by world leading technology companies

2. A. modern

B. mother

C. opera

D. hobby

C. 42's students have to handle the task assigned without any assistance

3. A. function

B. assimilation

C. question

D. communication

D. 42 adopts project-based and problem-solving learning methods

4. A. thousand

B. Thailand

C. theatre

D. think

5. A. French

B. school

C. mechanic

D. chemistry

D. WRITING I. Rewrite the sentences, using the present perfect or the present perfect continuous.

II. Choose the word which has a different stress pattern from the others.

1. I started discussing my research proposal with my professor at the beginning of my course.

1. A. extinction

B. furniture

C. applicant

D. wilderness

We're still discussing it.

2. A. bamboo

B. offer

C. student

D. minute

→ I have been discussing my research proposal with my professor since the beginning of my

3. A. facility

B. minority

C. necessary

D. priority

course.

4. A. apply

B. differ

C. decide

D. protect

2. Nam's still studying English. He started studying it two years ago. (for)

5. A. charity

B. accurate

C. erosion

D. dangerous

→ Nam has been studying English for two years.

III. Choose the best answer A, B, C or D to complete the sentences.

3. I started learning how to play the piano eight months ago. I'm still learning it.

1. I'm very hungry. I ____ all day.

→ I have been learning to play the piano for eight months. 4. He attended two online vocational courses: one in 2012 and the other in 2013. (twice)

A. didn't eat

B. haven't ate

C. haven't eaten

2. Their new kitchen looks fantastic. They ____ completely ____ it.

→ He has attended online vocational courses twice.

A. have /been redecorating

B. have/redecorated

5. They visited this college in 2009, 2012 and 2014. (three times)

C. already /redecorated

D. didn't/redecorated

→ They have visited this college three times. / They have visited this college three times before. 6. The British Council established IELTS a long time ago. It still uses this test as an international standardised test of English for non- native English language speakers. (for) → The British Council has been using IELTS as an international standardized test of English for non- native English language speakers for a long time. 7. She started her research project last month. She's still doing it. → She has been doing her research project since last month. 8. The university started building a new campus in May. They are still building it. (since) → The university has been building a new campus since May. 9. The graduate students started arriving at four o'clock. They are all in the lecture hall. → The graduate students have all arrived at the lecture hall. 10. Mary is staying at a homestay during her undergraduate programme. The programme began three weeks ago. (for)

D. have been eating

3. Our kitchen's a mess. We ____ any cleaning for weeks. A. didn't do

B. haven't been doing

C. have done

haven't done 4. I think they are dating. They ____ each other a lot recently. A. had seen

B. haven't been seeing

C. have been seeing

have seen 5. We've discovered in this great café and we ____ there a lot. A. have been going

B. have gone

C. are going

D. have went

6. How's your Mum? I ____ her for ages. A. had seen

B. haven't seen

C. haven't been seeing

D. didn't see

7. You're covered in paint! What ____ you ____? A. have / done

B. were / doing

8. She's gone to the doctor's. She ____ well lately.

C. did / do

D. have / been doing

A. hasn't felt

B. hasn't been feeling

C. has felt

D. doesn't feel

9. I ____ for ages now. A. have waited

B. waited

C. was waiting

D. have been waiting

10. I have to write an essay. I ____ about half of it so far. A. have written

B. have been writing

C. wrote

D. have to write

IV. Find and correct the mistakes. 1. How long has you been living here?

→ have

2. I has been living here for 2 years.

→ have

3. Have they working in this company since 1990?

→ been working

4. She has been cried all day long.

→ crying

11. As well as studying on ____ in the UK, you can also choose to study outside the UK - for

5. I have waiting for my turn for 20 minutes.

→ been waiting

example by distance learning.

6. She have been cleaning her house for 4 hours.

→ has

7. I'm tired because I worked very hard.

→ have been working

A. department

B. dormitory

C. campus

D. accommodation

12. You can choose to study online or on ____, in the UK or even at an overseas site. A. the move

B. campus

C. the ground

D. board

13. IB students can select subjects so that they specialise in a particular academic field, but mathematics, native language and theory of knowledge are ____ subjects. A. compulsory

B. certain

C. optional

D. elective

14. In England, most students in further education are adults ____ on part time programmes. A. joined

B. joining

C. enrolled

D. enrolling

15. In some institutions, A-levels can also be awarded in combination with other ____, such as International Baccalaureate certificates. A. courses

B. levels

C. examinations

D. qualifications

16. Vietnam National University - Ho Chi Minh City ____ around 30 undergraduate courses in English since 2000. A. have been setting up

B. have been set up

C. has set up

D. has been setting up

17. The International Baccalaureate is also now offered by more schools in the UK as a(n) ____ to A-levels. A. alternative

B. option

C. choice

D. substitution

18. Vietnam National University - Ha Noi, the country's largest ___ , has been carrying out a similar project since 2008, setting up six undergraduate, three masters and a PhD programme taught in English. A. school

B. faculty

C. institute

D. institution

19. Further education courses are usually described as either ____ or vocational. A. major

B. partial

C. academic

D. practical

20. Academic ____ are official copies of your academic work. A. transcripts

B. reminds

C. accounts

8. He has write his letter all the morning.

→ been writing

9. Jane is getting fatter because she has eating too much.

→ been eating

10. My mother has peeling potatoes all the morning.

→ been peeling

V. Fill in the blank with a suitable word. Like any other universities, the Open University can give you a degree. However, you don't have to (1) ____stop____ working to study. It can also open up a whole variety (2) ____of____ interest. If you have (3) ____never____ studied before, you will enjoy the special, new pleasure of (4) ____increasing___ your knowledge. You will make friends of (5) ____all____ kinds. You may also (6) ____find_____ that your qualification provides new career opportunities. You don't actually (7) _____go_____ to the Open University for lectures, but study at home, using television, radio and computer software. You can (8) ___attend____ one class a month if you wish at an Open University centre. Of course, there are exams to take, as in (9) _____any___ university. If you (10) ___would___ like to know more, all you have to do is complete the form below. It could be the start of a wonderful new period in your life. VI. Choose the word in the box to complete the text. professional

instructions

separation

distant

subject

individual

systems

courses

Distant education is a rapidly developing approach to (1) ____ instructions _____ throughout the business. The approach has been widely used by business, industrial, and medical organizations. For many years, doctors, veterinarians, pharmacists, engineers, and lawyers have used it to continue their (2) ___ professional ____ education. Recently, academic instructions have been using (3) ____ distant ____ education to reach a more diverse and geographically disperse audience not accessible through traditional classroom instructions.

D. statements

The distinguishing characteristics of distant education is the (4) ___ separation ____ of the instructor and students during the learning process. The communication of the (5) ____

8. A. get

B. make

C. remind

9. A. soon

B. again

C. against

D. much

subject _____ matter is primarily to individuals rather than groups. As a consequence, the course

10. A. So

B. But

C. Because

D. Then

content must be delivered by instructional media.

VIII. Read a text about common wedding rituals in the USA and answer the questions that

The media may be primarily printed, as in the case of traditional correspondence course. Audiocassettes, videotapes, videodiscs, computer-based instructions, and interactive video (6)

follow.

____ courses ____ can be sent to (7) ____ individual ____ students. In addition, radio, broadcast television, telelectures, and teleconferences are utilized for "live" distant education. The latter

first universities were established. In modern times, the nature of higher education around the

two delivery (8) ____ systems _____ allow for interactive instructions between the instructor and students. VII. Choose the word or phrase among A, B, C or D that best fits the blank space in the following passage.

D. inquire

The system of higher education had its origin in Europe in the Middle Ages, when the world, to some extent, has been determined by the models of influential countries such as France and Germany. Both France and Germany have systems of higher education that are basically administered by state agencies. Entrance requirements for students are also similar in both countries. In France, an examination called the baccalauréat is given at the end of secondary

If you (1) ____ to go to a university, you usually apply during your last year at school, when you are 17-18. You can apply to (2) ____ at any university in Britain and most people choose a university that is not in their own town. So, university students usually live away from home. Students get a grant from the government to study. At the beginning of your last year at school, you (3) ____ an application form. On this form you choose up to five universities that you would like to go to. The form is sent to those universities with (4) ____ from your school about your academic (5) ____. If the universities are interested in your application, they will offer you a place. Any offer, however, is only conditional at this stage. Applications and interviews take (6) ____ several months before students do their A-level examinations. These are the exams that you do at the end of your time at school. So, when a university makes an (7) ____, it will tell you the

education. Higher education in France is free and open to all students who have passed this baccalauréat. Success in this examination allows students to continue their higher education for another three or four years until they have attained the first university degree called a licence in France. Basic differences, however, distinguish these two countries' systems. French educational districts, called académies, are under the direction of a rector, an appointee of the national government who is also in charge of universities in each district. The uniformity in curriculum throughout the country leaves each university with little to distinguish itself. Hence, many students prefer to go to Paris, where there are better accommodations and more cultural amenities for them. Another difference is the existence in France of prestigious higher educational institutions known as grandes écoles, which provide advanced professional and

minimum grades that you will have to get when you do your A-level exams. If you don't obtain

technical training. Most of these schools are not affiliated with the universities, although they too

those grades, then, you will not be able to (8) ____ the place. It will be offered to someone else

recruit their students by giving competitive examinations to candidates. The grandes écoles provide rigorous training in all branches of applied science and technology, and their diplomas

and you must apply (9) ____ to another university. You don't have to accept your place immediately. Some students don't want to straight from school to university. (10) ____, after they have taken their A-level, they take a year out to work or travel. 1. A. want

B. make

C. perform

have a somewhat higher standing than the ordinary licence. In Germany, the regional universities have autonomy in determining their curriculum

D. participate

under the direction of rectors elected from within. Students in Germany change universities

2. A. lead

B. link

C. study

D. lock

3. A. reply

B. ban

C. receive

D. forward

according to their interests and the strengths of each university. In fact, it is a custom for students to attend two, three, or even four different universities in the course of their undergraduate

4. A. problem

B. information

C. support

D. present

studies, and the majority of professors at a particular university may have taught in four or five

5. A. degree

B. diploma

C. certificate

D. record

others. This high degree mobility means that schemes of study and examination are marked by a

6. A. out

B. place

C. in

D. after

freedom and individuality unknown in France.

7. A. attempt

B. offer

C. secondary

D. main

France and Germany have greatly influenced higher education systems 20cd the world. The French, either through colonial influence or the work of missionaries, introduced many

A. Studying in France and Germany is a good choice for people of all ages and nationalities.

aspects of their system in other countries. The German the first to stress the importance of

B. It normally takes longer to complete a university course in France than in Germany.

universities as research facilities, and they also created a sense of them as emblems of a national

C. Universities in Germany can govern themselves more effectively than those in France.

mind.

D. The level of decentralization of higher education is greater in Germany than in France.

Question 1. What does the passage mainly discuss? A. The nature of education around the world in modern times B. Systems of higher education in France and Germany

Unit 8. OUR WORLD HERITAGE SITES - KEY

C. The origin of higher education system in Europe

PART 1: VOCABULARY AND GRAMMAR REVIEW

D. The influence of France and Germany on educational systems of other countries Question 2. The word “uniformity” in paragraph 3 is closest in meaning to ____. A. proximity

B. discrepancy

C. similarity

D. uniqueness

Question 3. The word "their" in paragraph 3 refers to ____. A. schools

B. universities

C. examinations

D. branches

Question 4. Which of the following about grandes écoles in France is NOT stated in paragraph 3? A. Most of them have no connection with universities. B. They have a reputation for advanced professional and technical training. C. Their degrees are better recognized than those provided by universities. D. They offer better accommodations and facilities than universities. Question 5. According to the passage, a regional university rector in Germany is elected by ____. A. the staff of the university

B. the national government officials

C. the regional government officials

D. the staff of other universities

Question 6. According to paragraph 4, what makes it possible for students in Germany to attend different universities during their undergraduate studies?

A. VOCABULARY abundant

/əˈbʌndənt/

(adj)

dồi dào, nhiều

acknowledge

/əkˈnɒlɪdʒ/

(v)

chấp nhận, công nhận, thừa nhận

archaeological

/ˌɑːkiəˈlɒdʒɪkl/

(adj)

thuộc về khảo cổ học

authentic

/ɔːˈθentɪk/

(adj)

thật, thực

breathtaking

/ˈbreθteɪkɪŋ/

(adj)

đẹp đến ngỡ ngàng

bury

/ˈberi/

(v)

chôn vùi, giấu trong lòng đất

cave

/keɪv/

(n)

hang động

citadel

/ˈsɪtədəl/

(n)

thành trì (để bảo vệ khỏi bị tấn công)

complex

/ˈkɒmpleks/

(n)

quần thể, tổ hợp

comprise

/kəmˈpraɪz/

(v)

bao gồm, gồm

craftsman

/ˈkrɑːftsmən/

(n)

thợ thủ công

cruise

/kruːz/

(n)

chuyến du ngoạn trên biển

cuisine

/kwɪˈziːn/

(n)

cách thức chế biến thức ăn, nấu nướng

decorate

/ˈdekəreɪt/

(v)

trang trí

A. The university staff have become far more mobile and occupied.

demolish

/dɪˈmɒlɪʃ/

(v)

đổ sập, đánh sập

B. The university's training programs offer greater flexibility and freedom of choice.

distinctive

/dɪˈstɪŋktɪv/

(adj)

nổi bật, rõ rệt, đặc trưng

C. University tuition fees are kept at an affordable level for all students.

dome

/dəʊm/

(n)

mái vòm

D. Entry requirements to universities in Germany are made less demanding.

dynasty

/ˈdɪnəsti/

(n)

triều đại

emerge

/iˈmɜːdʒ/

(v)

trồi lên, nổi lên

emperor

/ˈempərə(r)/

(n)

đế vương, nhà vua

endow

/ɪnˈdaʊ/

(v)

ban tặng

excavation

/ˌekskəˈveɪʃn/

(n)

việc khai quật

Question 7. The word “emblems” in the final paragraph is closest in meaning to A. representatives

B. directions

C. structures

Question 8. Which of the following can be inferred from the passage?

D. delegates

expand

/ɪkˈspænd/

(v)

mở rộng

tomb

/tuːm/

(n)

lăng mộ

fauna

/ˈfɔːnə/

(n)

hệ động vật

worship

/ˈwɜːʃɪp/

(n)

thờ cúng, tôn thờ

flora

/ˈflɔːrə/

(n)

hệ thực vật

B. GRAMMAR REVIEW

geological

/ˌdʒiːəˈlɒdʒɪkl/

(a)

thuộc về địa chất

I. PARTICIPLE AND TO - INFINITIVE CLAUSES

grotto

/ˈɡrɒtəʊ/

(n)

hang động

1. Chúng ta cũng có thể dùng một quá khứ phân từ để thay thế cho một mệnh để quan hệ mà

harmonious

/hɑːˈməʊniəs/

(a)

hài hòa

động từ chia ở thể bị động.

heritage

/ˈherɪtɪdʒ/

(n)

di sản

Ex:

imperial

/ɪmˈpɪəriəl/

(a)

thuộc về hoàng tộc

in ruins

/ ɪn ˈruːɪn/

(idiom) bị phá hủy, đổ nát

intact

/ɪnˈtækt/

(a)

nguyên vẹn, không bị hư tổn

irresponsible

/ˌɪrɪˈspɒnsəbl/

(a)

thiếu trách nhiệm, vô trách nhiệm

islet

/ˈaɪlət/

(n)

hòn đảo nhỏ

itinerary

/aɪˈtɪnərəri/

(n)

lịch trình cho chuyến đi

They live in a house that was built in 1890. → They live in a house built in 1890.

The ideas which are presented in that book are interesting. → The ideas presented in that book are interesting.

c. The ancient houses which were destroyed by the fire are now under reconstruction. → The ancient houses destroyed by the fire are now under reconstruction.

landscape

/ˈlændskeɪp/

(n)

phong cảnh ( thiên nhiên)

2. Hiện tại phần từ được dùng khi động từ trong mệnh đề quan hệ ở thì tiếp diễn, hoặc diễn tả

lantern

/ˈlæntən/

(n)

đèn lồng

một thói quen hay một điều ước.

limestone

/ˈlaɪmstəʊn/

(n)

đá vôi

Ex:

magnificent

/mæɡˈnɪfɪsnt/

(a)

tuyệt đẹp

/ˈmɑːstəpiːs/

(n)

kiệt tác

mausoleum

/ˌmɔːsəˈliːəm/

(n)

lăng mộ

mosaic

/məʊˈzeɪɪk/

(adj)

khảm, chạm khảm

mosque

/mɒsk/

outstanding

/aʊtˈstændɪŋ/

(adj)

nổi bật, xuất chúng

picturesque

/ˌpɪktʃəˈresk/

(adj)

đẹp, gây ấn tượng mạnh

poetic

/pəʊˈetɪk/

(adj)

mang tính chất thơ ca

preserve

/prɪˈzɜːv/

(v)

bảo tồn

preservation

/ˌprezəˈveɪʃn/

(n)

việc bảo tồn

relic

/ˈrelɪk/

(n)

cổ vật

respectively

/rɪˈspektɪvli/

(adv) theo thứ tự lắn lượt

royal

/ˈrɔɪəl/

(adj)

thuộc về nhà vua, hoàng gia

sanctuary

/ˈsæŋktʃuəri/

(n)

thánh địa, địa điểm thẩn thánh

scenic

/ˈsiːnɪk/

(adj)

có cảnh quan đẹp

subsequent

/ˈsʌbsɪkwənt/

(adj)

tiếp theo, kế tiếp

nhà thờ Hồi giáo

The boy who is playing the piano is Ben. → The boy playing the piano is Ben.

masterpiece

(n)

We have a house which overlooks the park. → We have a house overlooking the park.

The man who spoke to John is my brother. → The man speaking to John is my brother.

3. Động từ nguyên thể có “to” được sử dụng sau: the first, the second, etc, the next, the last, the only và đôi khi dùng sau cấp so sánh cao nhất như the most famous, the oldest. Ex:

Yuri Gagarin was the first man who flew into space.

The last person who leaves the room must turn off the light.

→ Yuri Gagarin was the first man to fly into space. → The last person to leave the room must turn off the light. PART 2: EXERCISES A. PHONETICS I. Find the word which has a different sound in the part underlined. 1. A. government

B. borrowing

C. program

D. promotion

2. A. possession

B. access

C. property

D. American

3. A. language

B. Wales

C. Australia

D. pronunciation

4. A. print

B. Indian

C. China

D. mingling

3. During the different ______ dynasties ___, the Thang Long Imperial Citadel was expanded.

5. A. English

B. French

C. American

D. West Africa

4. What is special about Hoi An Ancient Town is that it is in a good state of ____ preservation

II. Choose the word which has a different stress pattern from the others.

____.

1. A. beautiful

5. The old houses have been pulled down in order to build a modern residential _____ complex ____.

B. terrific

C. wonderful

D. marvelous

2. A. conical

B. different

C. symbolic

D. careful

3. A. cultural

B. mischievous

C. interesting

D. responsible

4. A. finance

B. service

C. order

D. company

5. A. interview

B. agency

C. addition

D. customer

6. These historic buildings are an important part of Hanoi's ______ heritage ______ and should be preserved. 7. The archaeological ______ excavations _____ that led to the discovery of the ancient city

B. VOCABUALRY AND GRAMMAR

lasted several years.

I. Choose the correct words in brackets to complete the sentences.

8. The tour of the cave and grotto system is the main _____ attraction _____ for tourists in Phong Nha - Ke Bang National Park.

1. If you buy stolen relics, you will help to create a black market, to lead / leading to further destruction of the heritage site. 2. The final thing to remember / remembering is to admire the corals from a distance and not to break off any pieces to take home as souvenirs. 3. The tour guide taking / to take us to Ha Long Bay can speak three languages. 4. At the end of this corridor there is a gateleading / leaded to the main door of the temple. 5. The Taj Mahal complex, recognized / recognizing as a World Heritage Site in 1983, includes the tomb, the mosque, the guest house, and the main gate. 6. Here are some of the things to avoid / avoiding when visiting a heritage site. 7. Many of the items such as rings, key chains, or souvenirs are made of unusual shells or unique stones illegally removed / to remove from the protected areas.

9. At the Central Sector of the Imperial Citadel of Thang Long, visitors can see the _____ archaeological ____ site at 18 Hoang Dieu street and several famous monuments. 10. In December 1993, UNESCO recognised the Complex of Hue monuments as a World _____ cultural ____ Heritage Site - the first site in Vietnam to be added to the World Heritage list. III. Use the word given in capitals at the end of each line to form the word that fits in the gap in the same line. 1. Cuc Phuong National Park is also a(n) _______abudant_______ zone of fauna. (ABUNDANCE) 2. A number of caves in Huong Son Complex are _____archaeological_____ sites belonging to the Hoa Binh Culture dated back to over 10,000 years. (ARCHAEOLOGY)

8. The pagoda damaged / damaging in the storm has now been rebuilt.

3. Set in a quiet environment, Hoi An is ____surrounded_____ by peaceful villages that have crafts such as carpentry, bronze making, and ceramic. (SURROUNDING)

9. That man was selling unusual relics illegally removed / removing from the protected area of this heritage site.

examples of a complex limestone landform in Southeast Asia. (DISTINCT)

10. Visitors should avoid shops to sell / selling unusual relics from the area. II. Put the correct preposition for the sentences below. preservation intact

archaeological

complex

cultural

heritage

relics

excavations

dynasties

4. Phong Nha - Ke Bang National Park is one of the finest and most ______distinctive_____ 5. The _____excavation_____ work in Con Moong Cave area has been carried out for several years. (EXCAVATE) 6. Phong Nha - Ke Bang National Park can be compared to a huge ____geological___ museum. (GEOLOGY)

attraction 1. A lot of ancient houses in Ho An remain _____ intact ______ even after several hundred years. 2. A lot of ___ relics _____ from ancient times are on display at the national heritage museum.

7. Last year, we came to the heritage site and beautiful ____landscape___ of West Yen Tu. (LAND) 8. The Champa Kingdom was vividly _____illustrated____ by the ruins of My Son. (ILLUSTRATE)

9. The basic architectural and landscape features of the Complex of Hue Monuments have been maintained intact since their original _____construction____ in the early 19t century.

A. injuring

(CONSTRUCT)

A. damaged

10. Yen Tu is a complex of ___architectural___ masterpieces located in a beautiful landscape.

A. first explored

B. to win

C. being won

A. to leave D. winning

2. I have a message for people ____ by the traffic chaos. A. to delay

B. who delaying

D. who delay

displaying work. B. excavated

C. excavation

D. excavator

4. The Citadel of the Ho Dynasty is the only stone citadel in Southeast Asia ____ of large limestone blocks. A. constructing constructed

C. to construct

D. to be

5. Emma Thompson is the most famous actress ____ on the stage here. A. appeared

B. appear

C. appearing

B. lying

C. lain

D. lie

7. The Temple of Preah Vihear in Cambodia is composed of a series of sanctuaries ____ by a system of pavements and starcases over an 800 metre long axis. A. linked

B. linking

C. to link

development. B. growth

C. conservation

D. promotion

B. dating

C. to be dated

D. was first explored

B. that leaving

C. left

D. whom to leave

C. to discover

D. to be discovered

A. marking

B. offering

C. commemorating

D. bringing

17. Melanie was the only person ____ a letter of thanks. B. written

C. to write

D. writing

18. No fluorescent lights, no motorcycles, no television, on the 15th day of each lunar month, the riverside town of Hoi An ____ modern life the night off. B. lets

C. brings

D. turns

19. We came to the temple dedicated to King Dinh Tien Hoang, ____ Hoa Lu to build the citadel. A. to choose

B. choosing

C. chosen

D. which chose

C. who waiting

D. waiting

20. Who were those people ____ outside? B. to wait

V. Choose the correct word in the box to complete the sentences. attractive

mysterious

combination

preservation

B. destroying

C. destroyed

11. The boy ____ in the accident was taken to hospital.

excavation geological

settlement

harmonious

architectural

1. In 1805, King Gia Long requested the building of a new, smaller citadel called Hanoi Citadel

D. date

with a new ____ architectural ____ style.

D. destroy

2. The Complex of Hue Monuments is a _____ combination _____ of many royal monuments from the Nguyen Dynasty.

10. The ancient houses ____ by the fire are now under reconstruction. A. to destroy

C. exploring first

exceptionally

9. Irresponsible tourists damaged the archaeological site and some of the relics ____ back to the last ruling dynasty. A. to date

B. to explore first

A. which discovered B. discovering

A. waited D. being linked

8. Cat Ba is also rich of cultural festivals and traditions that are highly potential for ____ and A. research

D. unharmed

16. The Thang Long Imperial Citadel was built in the 11th century by the Ly Dynasty, ____ the independence of Dai Viet.

A. gives D. to appear

6. Have you visited the pagodas ____ on Tran Phu Street in Hoi An. A. to lie

C. intact

15. Son Doong Cave is the largest cave in the world ____ in Phong Nha - Ke Bang National

A. wrote B. which constructed

B. unspoiled

Park.

C. delayed

3. The ____ items in Con Moong Cave are now kept in Thanh Hoa Museum for preservation and A. excavating

D. injured

14. The captain was the last ____ the sinking ship.

1. The guest on our show is the youngest golfer ____ the Open. A. won

C. have injured

13. Son Doong Cave, ____ in 2009, is believed to contain the world's largest cave passage.

(ARCHITECT) IV. Choose the best answer A, B, C or D to complete the sentences.

B. being injured

12. Hoi An Ancient Town is preserved in a remarkably ____ state.

3. As for me, the Citadel of the Ho Dynasty is one of the most _____ attractive ____ destinations in Vietnam because of its value.

Hidden away in the tropical forest near the port city of Da Nang and the very popular World Heritage town of Hoi An is the Champa civilization’s (1) _____ sacred ______ valley of

4. Due to its special ____ geological ____ constitution, Ba Be Lake has very original and special

My Son, or “Beautifal Mountain”. I joined the full day package tour from Hoi An, which was

features.

quite very convenient as it included all transportation, ticket fee. lunch and guide. I arrived in My

5. The ____ excavation ____ site in Con Moong Cave is also one of archaeological sites that contain the thickest cultural layer Vietnam at present.

Son around 10 o’clock. After walking for a while, I found the complex of tourist facilities, and one of them is the performance hall. Our guide insisted us keeping going into the forest. Within

6. Cat Ba Archipelago bears the _____ exceptionally ___ natural values with its tropical forests

few minutes, I started to see the complex of ancient Hindu temples made from brick At first, the (2) _____ dilapidated ______ state of the complex was quite shocking, and

which cover the limestone system and the mangrove wetlands. 7. The Complex of Yen Tu Monuments and Landscape is a vivid illustration of human interaction with the environment and traditional human permanent _____ settlement _____. 8. Besides the historical value of geology, Phong Nha - Ke Bang is also favoured with the ____ mysterious ____ and majestic landscapes by nature. 9. Management and ____ preservation _____ in Hoi An are further strengthened through master planning and action plans. 10. The architecture of Hoi An is a _____ harmonious _____ blend of Vietnamese, Chinese and

almost nothing was left to see. I decided to discover the site by myself and I started to be impressed by the amazing quality of brick carving details. The image of Hinduism (3) ______ guardians _____ and angels are truly beautiful and reminded me about Angkor in Cambodia. For me, My Son is the great evidence of how Southern Indian art expanded to Southeast Asia since ancient Cham people came from Java where Indian art flourished, and later expand to modern day Vietnam and later Cambodia and Thailand. The construction method of My Son is also very unique: Cham people built a whole block of bricks then burned them to make the whole brick

Japanese influences.

block very solid and strong then (4) ____ chiseled ______ into the temple. I walked around the complex many times to enjoy its (5) _____ intricate _____ motifs until the guide informed that

C. READING

there are more complex to see.

I. Fill in the bank with a suitable word.

I went to see another complex, this one is located on the hill and recently partial rebuilt

Hoan Kiem Lake is an attractive body of water right in the (1) ___heart__ of Ha Noi.

by a group of Italian (6) _____ archaeologists ____, and they are planning to rebuild more,

Legend has it that in the mid-15th (2) ___century__, Heaven gave Emperor Le Thai To (Le Loi)

which is a very good news for My Son preservation. The rebuilt complex is very lovely and

a magical sword which he used to fight (3) ___against___ the Chinese, the Ming aggressors, out

illustrates the original layout very well even though the new brick really contrasts with the old ones. After that, the guide took me back to the bus and back to Hoi An, it was exactly 3 hours

of Viet Nam. After that one day when he was out (4) ___ sailing ___ in the lake, a giant (5) __golden __ tortoise suddenly grabbed the sword and (6) ___disappeared__ into the depths of the lake. Since then, the lake has been known as Hoan Kiem Lake (Lake of the Restored Sword) (7) ___because___ it is believed the sword was taken to its original divine owners. The tiny Tortoise Pagoda, topped with a red star, is (8) ____on___ a small island in the middle of the lake; it is often used (9) ___as___ an emblem of Ha Noi. Every morning around 6 a.m., local residents can be seen around Hoan Kiem Lake (10) __doing___ their morning exercise, jogging or playing badminton.

inside My Son. Despite the bad state of preservation, I really enjoyed my visit to My Son, the place has exceeded my expectation and even small complex can clearly show its value as a (7) _____ bridge ____ of cultural exchange between India - Java and (8) ____ mainland ____ Southeast Asia. III. Choose the word or phrase among A, B, Cord that best fits the blank space in the following passage. Recognized as a World Heritage Site in Vietnam, Ha Long Bay attracts thousands of

II. Fill in the blanks with a suitable word in the box. guardians

sacred

intricate

dilapidated

mainland

chiseled

bridge

archaeologists

MY SON SANCTUARY

visitors every year, who come to enjoy its magnificent natural (1) ____. However, the bay is also facing a number of threats that may lead to serious damage to the site. Wildlife in Ha Long Bay is being (2) ____ by overfishing as this is the only job to support most of the inhabitants here. As a (3) ____, rare sea creatures may become extinct soon.

(4) ____ problem is deforestation of mangrove forests. The mangroves, known as the plants native to Ha Long Bay, provide protection during storms, preserve the shoreline, and act

The lake was first discovered in the 1970s while a research team was conducting an aerial survey of the area. Radio waves from the survey equipment penetrated the ice and revealed a

as a natural filter that keeps the sea environment clean and healthy. Numerous wildlife species

body of water of indeterminate size. It was not until much more recently that data collected by

(5) ____ plants and fish also depend on the mangroves.

satellite made scientists aware of the tremendous size of the lake; the satellite-borne radar

What is more, some markets in Ha Long Bay sell unusual relics and natural (6) ____, such as coral pieces, sea shells, or unique stones, probably illegally removed from the (7) ____

detected an extremely flat region where the ice remains level because it is floating on the water of the lake.

areas. Many of these items, converted into rings, key chains, and other souvenirs, are purchased by unsuspecting tourists. Buying these items creates a black market (8) ____ to further

The discovery of such a huge freshwater lake trapped under Antarctica is of interest to the scientific community because of the potential that the lake contains ancient microbes that

destruction of Ha Long Bay.

have survived for thousands of years, unaffected by factors such as nuclear fallout and elevated

As eco-tourists, we can help to protect Ha Long Bay for future generations in several ways. For example, by sailing or fishing with the fishermen, we can share the benefits of tourism

ultraviolet light that have affected organisms in more exposed areas. The downside of the

with the local (9) ____. This will help them to increase their income and reduce excessive fishing. We can also help local people to learn about the significance of the mangrove forests and help them to replant the

discovery, however, lies in the difficulty of conducting research on the lake in such a harsh climate and in the problems associated with obtaining uncontaminated samples from the lake without actually exposing the lake to contamination. Scientists are looking for possible ways to accomplish this.

mangroves. We should also avoid purchasing unusual souvenirs. As responsible tourists, we can (10) ____ suspected traders or vendors by refusing to buy their illegal goods.

Question 1: The word "hidden" in paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to ____.

1. A. middle

B. main

C. landscape

D. point

Question 2: What is true of Lake Vostok?

2. A. destruction

B. destroyed

C. destructing

D. destroy

A. It is completely frozen.

B. It is saltwater lake.

3. A. instant

B. example

C. accident

D. result

C. It is beneath a thick slab of ice.

D. It is heated by the sun.

4. A. Others

B. Other

C. Another

D. One

5. A. making

B. including

C. getting

D. creating

A. undrinkable

B. untouched

C. unexploitable

D. undiscovered

Question 3: Which of the following is closest in meaning to "frigid" in paragraph 1? A. extremely cold

B. easily broken

C. quite harsh

D. lukewarm

6. A. objects

B. dangers

C. lost

D. escapes

Question 4: All of the following are true about the 1970 survey of Antarctica EXCEPT that it

7. A. protective

B. protection

C. protecting

D. protected

____.

8. A. allowing

B. leading

C. appointing

D. sending

A. was conducted by air

B. made use of radio waves

9. A. community

B. people

C. society

D. human

C. could not determine the lake's exact size

D. was controlled by a satellite

10. A. do

B. discourage

C. compare

D. contrast

IV. Read the passage and choose the best answer. A rather surprising geographical feature of Antarctica is that a huge freshwater lake, one

Question 5: It can be inferred from the passage that the ice would not be flat if ____. A. there were no lake underneath

B. the lake were not so big

C. Antarctica were not so cold

D. radio waves were not used

of the world's largest and deepest, lies hidden there under four kilometers of ice. Now known as

Question 6: The word "microbes" in paragraph 3 could best be replaced by which of the

Lake Vostok, this huge body of water is located under the ice block that comprises Antarctica.

following?

The lake is able to exist in its unfrozen state beneath this block of ice because its waters are warmed by geothermal heat from the earth's core. The thick glacier above Lake Vostok actually

Question 7: Lake Vostok is potentially important to scientists because ____.

insulates it from the frigid temperatures on the surface.

A. Pieces of dust

B. Tiny bubbles

A. can be studied using radio waves B. may contain uncontaminated microbes

C. Tiny organisms

D. Rays of light

C. may have elevated levels of ultraviolet light

The man talking to John is from Korea.

D. has already been contaminated

2. The ideas which are presented in that book are interesting.

Question 8: The purpose of the passage is to ____.

The ideas presented in that book are interesting.

A. explain how Lake Vostok was discovered

3. Ann is the woman who is responsible for preparing the budget.

B. provide satellite data concerning Antarctica

Ann is the woman responsible for preparing the budget.

C. discuss future plans for Lake Vostok

4. English has an alphabet that consists of 26 letters.

D. present an unexpected aspect of Antarctica's geography

English has an alphabet consisting of 26 letters.

D. WRITING

5. The books that are on that shelf are mine.

I. Rewrite the following sentences using present participle, past participle or to-infinitive.

The books on that shelf are mine.

1. Maxicorp were the only company which replied my letter.

6. The children who attend that school receive a good education.

Maxicorp were the only company to reply my letter.

The children attending that school receive a good education.

2. Do you know the man who is talking to my father?

7. The psychologists who study the nature of sleep have made important discoveries.

Do you know the man talking to my father?

The psychologists studying the nature of sleep have made important discoveries.

3. Applications which were sent after 23rd will not be considered.

8. The sunlight which comes through the window wakes me up early every morning.

Applications sent after 23rd will not be considered.

The sunlight coming through the window wakes me up early every morning.

4. We have a lot of exercises which we have to do tonight.

9. John Quincy Adams, who was born on July 11th 1767, was the sixth president of the United

We have a lot of exercises to do tonight.

States.

5. Studies of her son are the most important thing that she cares about.

John Quincy Adams, born on July 11th 1767, was the sixth president of the United States.

Studies of her son are the most important thing to care about.

10. These are the ancient houses which were built a long time ago.

6. The equipment which belongs to the club is insured.

These are the ancient houses built a long time ago. PART 3: TEST YOURSELF

The equipment belonging to the club is insured. 7. George is the first person that we will interview.

I. Find the word which has a different sound in the part underlined.

George is the first person to be interviewed.

1. A. study

B. business

C. function

8. Meetings which are held every month are called monthly meetings.

2. A. soft

B. modern

C. communication

D. technology

Meetings held every month are called monthly meetings.

3. A. love

B. box

C. hobby

D. problem

9. The most excellent students who were rewarded the scholarship would have a two-week holiday in Vung Tau.

4. A. gone

B. go

C. hot

D. long

5. A. houses

B. glasses

C. horses

D. studies

D. number

The most excellent students rewarded the scholarship would have a two-week holiday in Vung

II. Choose the word which has a different stress pattern from the others.

Tau.

1. A. inaccurate

B. illegal

C. positive

10. The trees which were planted last week are growing well.

2. A. confident

B. eternal

C. dangerous

D. healthier

The trees planted last week are growing well.

3. A. independent

B. academic

C. compulsory

D. unexpected

II. Rewrite the following sentences using present participle, past participle or to-infinitive.

4. A secondary

B. immediate

C. miraculous

D. domestic

1. The man who is talking to John is from Korea.

D. domestic

5. A. simple

B. polite

C. formal

D. instant

III. Choose the correct words to complete the sentences. 1. Scholars believe that there are still relics buried under the tomb and awaiting excavation / heritage. 2. Lack of preservation / customer of this heritage building has resulted in damage to its walls. 3. The best part of our trip to the national park was the tour to many ancient / antiques ruins. 4. Phong Nha - Ke Bang has a complex geological / biological structure with different varieties of stone

7. The Complex of Hue Monuments was the first site in Vietnam ____ as a World Heritage Site by UNESCO. A. to be recognized

A. abundant

C. recognizes

D. recognize

B. authentic

C. mixed

D. complex

9. The limestone in Phong Nha is not continuous, which has led to a particularly ____ shape. A. distinctive

5. The ruling scholar / dynastywas responsible for reuniting the kingdom.

B. be recognizing

8. Located in Hoang Dieu Street, Hau Lau has ____ architecture of the Eastern and Western styles

B. similar

C. genuine

D. diverse

10. Near the White House is another famous landmark ____ the Washington Monument.

6. Exploring / Destroying the caves and grottos in Phong Nha - Ke Bang National Park is the

A. is which

B. which call

C. called

D. it is called

most popular activity for visitors

11. The distinction of the Khai Dinh Tomb is the unique architecture ____ the art of Rococo and

7. This heritage site is famous for its beautiful scenes / scenery.

the Vietnamese style.

8. Visiting the Tomb of Khai Dinh, tourists will notice a mix of eastern and western dynasties / architecture.

12. Although some of the structures are now ____, most of the significant existing monuments

9. Scientists working on the site found many ancient tools, tombs and pottery, and made some

have been partially restored.

important archaeological / technological discoveries.

A. in danger

10. The tombs are part of our historical heritage / traditions.

A. selling

1. We noticed a pile of stones ____ in the road. B. leaving

B. house

D. having left

C. scenery

D. basis

3. The monuments of My Son are the most important constructions of the Champa Kingdom, ____ coast of Central Vietnam from the 4th to the 13th centuries. A. to flourish

B. flourished

C. flourishing

D. to be flourished

4. A lorry ____ concrete pipes has overturned. A. carried

B. being carried

C. carrying

D. to carry

An. C. made C. made

D. make

6. The only thing ____ at the Citadel of the Ho Dynasty is the stone walls. A. to see

B. seeing

C. in ruins

D. at war

B. which sold

C. to sell

D. sold

A. covering

B. covered

C. which covered

D. to cover

15. Most houses in Hoi An are of ____ architecture dating from the 17th to the 19th century. A. tradition

B. traditional

C. ancient

D. customary

16. To plant rice, farmers, ____, set young plants in the mud. A. they wade with bare feet in the water bare feet

B. who water wading in their

C. wading in the water with their bare feet

D. whose bare feet wading in

17. The nearly 4-hour ____ from Ha Long Bay to Cat Ba Island afforded us visits to well-known caves and beaches. A. travel

B. making

D. which combine

the water

5. Most tourists like buying clothes, lanterns, and other handicraft ____ by local craftmen in Hoi A. to make

B. at risk

C. to be combined

14. My Son Sanctuary is an area ____ with Hindu-like architecture and art. C. to leave

2. The vegetation layers in Cat Ba Archipelago from spectacular and scenic landscapes and make the site become ____ to all Vietnam's typical ecosystems. A. home

B. combining

13. The food ____ in this supermarket is very good.

IV. Choose the best answer A, B, C or D to complete the sentences. A. left

A. combined

C. sees

D. see

B. vacation

C. boating

D. cruise

18. Another thing that I was really impressed with Hoi An is the preservation of the whole town which is very amazing and very ____. A. correct

B. exact

C. authentic

D. original

VI. Choose the word in the box to complete the text.

19. A fine tomb, ____, marks the grave of the poet Chaucer. A. which in the fifteenth century was erecting

B. erected in the fifteenth

century C. erecting in the fifteenth century fifteenth century

D. being erected in the

B. overlooked

meeting

nature

skill

attacked

set

sessions

rocky

construction

considering

The citadel of the Ho Dynasty was built according to the Feng Shui principles, (1) ____ considering____ the flowering of neo-Confucianism in the late 14th century in Vietnam and its spread to other (2)

20. I live in a pleasant room ____ the garden. A. to overlook

performs

C. overlooking

D. which overlooking

V. Fill in the gap with a suitable word to complete the passage. THE AREA OF OLD CARVED STONES IN SA PA The area of old carved stones in Sa Pa lies mainly in the Muong Hoa Valley, (1) _____where____ there are settlements of ethnic minority people in Sa Pa District. Lao Cai Province. Carved stones here have been discovered since a long time (2) ____ago_____. In 1925, a French scholar coming here discovered more than 30 pieces of stone that had been carved with various images, scattered along the Hoa Spring bank. Later, other scientists have come here to (3) ____study___ the carved pieces of stone. Until now, researchers have discovered more than 200 (4) ____pieces_____ of stone carved with different images, among them are the big ones which have complicated designs. The (5) _____most_____ common patterns are images of mountains, hills and fields. In one pieces of one, we can find images of houses, following the patter of house on site with the form of bond with curved roof, reminding the image of here on the Dong Son bronze (6) ___drums___. Particularly, a (7) ___number____ of researchers have raised the hypothesis of traces of

__ sessions __ of East Asia. According to these principles, it was located in a landscape of great (3) ____ nature ____ beauty on an axis (4) __ meeting __ the Tuong Son and Don Son Mountains in a plain between the Ma and Buoi Rivers. In terms of architectural history, the citadel of the Ho Dynasty (5) ____ performs __ an important role in the planning and building of urban areas in Vietnam. It shows the uniqueness in the (6) __ construction_ of a citadel in general and a stone citadel in particular, and a breakthrough in Vietnam's tradition of citadel building. Thanks to the unique construction techniques, all the (7) ____ rocky ____ stone sections are intact and have not been (8) _____ attacked _____ by time and weather or by recent urban encroachment. The citadel of the Ho Dynasty is an architectural (9) _____ skill _____ of the 14th century with impressive architecture of the walls and other parts. The citadel buildings represent an outstanding example of a new (10) ____set_____ of Southeast Asian imperial city with a combination between the Vietnamese architecture and the unique building techniques of Southeast Asia and Eastern Asia. II. Choose the word or phrase among A, B, C or D that best fits the blank space in the following passage. HOI AN ANCIENT TOWN

3 kinds of writing system, following the pattern of pictorial writing with straight and curved lines. There are writing systems almost (8) ___similar____ to the writing systems found on

Arriving in Hoi An around 9 p.m, I was really relieved when I discovered that the (1) ____ town was peacefully quiet, something I am really (2) ____ is that Hoi An at night may

amulets of Tay ethnic group and Dao ethnic group, but they are not Tay characters. The

become crazy club scenes. In the next morning, I woke up very early, and walked around the town admiring waterfront areas where local fishermen were ready to go out for day fishing, the

discovery of 3 above kinds of writing system on carved pieces of stones makes more complicated the determination of the author of those works. Maybe those authors (9) ____belong___ to many different ethnic minorities and have achieved their works in different times.

very lively market and extremely ring and empty streets. (3) ____ there was no tourist, only locals then and the souvenir shops were still close, I felt that Hoi An at that moment was an extremely gorgeous place to visit. The yellowish Chinese styled houses along the street together with decorative bushes of

There are opinions underlining that those pieces of stone have been carved by the old Viet people. At present, there remain a number of (10) ____legends____ about the “Father

bougainvillea flower are lovely sights and very (4) ____. The layout of houses was claimed to be

piece” and “Mother piece” of stone related to inhabitants of the areas lying at the mountain foot coming here to find new settlements. However, the problem of determination of the real authors

unique for not strictly complied with Feng Shui but for benefit of better ventilation in tropical region. Another thing that I am really (5) ____ is the preservation of the whole town which is

of those works is still to be solved.

very amazing and very authentic, which is a thing that cannot be found in Melaka, Singapore or

Macao. The Japanese Bridge is maybe the only sight that I found very interesting for its stories that the Japanese built this bridge in (6) ____ to calm evil serpent spirit "Namazu" that caused

read a magazine in a coffee shop, it is inappropriate to do the same in a more luxurious setting. And, if you are eating in a very rustic setting it may be fine to tuck your napkin into your shirt,

earthquake in very faraway Japan since they believe Hoi An is located on the back of the serpent.

but if you are in a sophisticated urban restaurant this behavior would demonstrate a lack of

I strangely found that there are still many nice temples, (7) ____ the one dedicate to Confucius

manners. It is safe to say, however, that in virtually every restaurant it is unacceptable to

which has more unique and interesting Vietnamese elements more than the preserved one in the core zone.

indiscriminately throw your food on the floor. The conclusion we can most likely draw from the above is that while the types and locations of restaurants determine etiquette appropriate to them,

I also (8) ____ that Hoi An is not only popular with European tourists but also Korean, Japanese, Australian and New Zealander. After sunset, the whole town waterfront becomes a

some rules apply to all restaurants. Question 1: With what topic is this passage primarily concerned?

night market with many local foods. And at that time Hoi An is very charming with hundreds of

A. Instruction in proper etiquette

B. Rules of etiquette

paper and (9) ____ lanterns. Hoi An at night seems to be a very popular place for pre-wedding

C. Variable and universal standards of etiquette

D. The importance of good

photo shooting, as I saw many Vietnamese couples in their traditional dresses with their photographer teams everywhere especially around the Japanese Bridge, so a great place to see

manners

local contemporary weeding cultures.

Question 2: Which of the following words is most similar to the meaning of "rustic"? A. Ancient

All in all, I really enjoyed my time in Hoi An for its lovely (10) ____ nice townscape. Note: - bougainvillea flower = hoa giấy

B. Urban

C. Unsophisticated

Agricultural Question 3: The author uses the phrase "safe to say" in order to demonstrate that the idea is ____.

- townscape = cảnh quan thành phố 1. A. middle

B. mainly

C. whole

D. major

2. A. neglected

B. concerned

C. noticed

D. protected

3. A. Because

B. As

C. For

D. Since

A. Knowing the type of restaurant

B. Clear instruction

4. A. photograph

B. photographer

C. photogenic

D. photography

C. Learning the proper etiquette

D. Sensitivity

5. A. impressing

B. impressed

C. impressive

D. impression

6. A. order

B. that

C. as

D. other

A. Eating in rustic settings

7. A. specially

B. contrarily

C. partly

D. especially

shirt

8. A. destroyed

B. noted

C. wrote

D. ruined

C. Reading a magazine at a coffee shop

9. A. silk

B. clothes

C. shirts

D. shoes

floor

10. A. weather

B. atmosphere

C. tent

D. villager

VIII. Read a text about common wedding rituals in the USA and answer the questions that

A. somewhat innocent

B. quite certain

C. very clever

D. possible

Question 4: What does the word "it" in bold and underlined refer to?

Question 5: According to the passage, which of the following is a universal rule of etiquette? B. Tucking a napkin in your D. Not throwing food on the

Question 6: The word “manners” in bold could best be replaced by which of the following? A. Tact

B. Ceremony

C. Experience

D. Character

follow. The rules of etiquette in American restaurants depend upon a number of factors the physical location of the restaurant, e.g., rural or urban; the type of restaurant, e.g., informal or formal; and certain standards that are more universal. In other words, some standards of etiquette vary significantly while other standards apply almost anywhere. Learning the proper etiquette in a particular type of restaurant in a particular area may sometimes require instruction, but more commonly it simply requires sensitivity and experience. For example, while it is acceptable to

Unit 9. CITIES OF THE FUTURE - KEY PART 1: VOCABULARY AND GRAMMAR REVIEW A. VOCABULARY city dweller

/ˈsɪti - ˈdwelə(r)/

(n)

người sống ở đô thị, cư dân thành thị

If + S + had + Vp2, S + would / could / might + have + Vp2

detect

/dɪˈtekt/

(v)

dò tìm, phát hiện ra

infrastructure

/ˈɪnfrəstrʌktʃə(r)/

(n)

cơ sở hạ tầng

inhabitant

/ɪnˈhæbɪtənt/

(n)

cư dân, người cư trú

liveable

/ˈlɪvəbl/

(adj)

sống được

5. Type 4: Câu điều kiện pha trộn:

optimistic

/ˌɒptɪˈmɪstɪk/

(adj)

lạc quan

Form 1: Type 3 và Type 2

overcrowded

/ˌəʊvəˈkraʊdɪd/

(adj)

chật ních, đông nghẹt

pessimistic

/ˌpesɪˈmɪstɪk/

(adj)

bi quan

quality of life

/'kwɒləti əv laɪf/

(n)

chất lượng sống

renewable

/rɪˈnjuːəbl/

(adj)

có thể tái tạo lại

sustainable

/səˈsteɪnəbl/

(adj)

không gây hại cho môi trường, có tính bền

Ex:

→ If I had been here earlier, I would have told her some good news.

If + S + had + Vp2, S + would / could / might + V. Ex:

He isn't a rich man now because he didn't take my advice. → If he had taken my advice, he would be a rich man now.

Form 2: Type 2 và Type 3 If + S + V (past subjunctive simple past), S + would / could / might + have + Vp2 Ex:

vững

I didn't tell her any good news because I wasn'there early.

If I were him, I wouldn't have got married to her.

upgrade

/ˈʌpɡreɪd/

(v)

nâng cấp

urban

/ˈɜːbən/

(adj)

thuộc về đô thị

II. TAG QUESTIONS

urban planner

/ˈɜːbən 'plænə(r)/

(n)

người / chuyên gia quy hoạch đô thị

A. Ý NGHĨA CỦA CÂU HỎI ĐUÔI

B. GRAMMAR REVIEW

1. Câu hỏi đuôi là một phần nhỏ được thêm vào sau mỗi lời phát biểu. Chúng ta sử dụng câu

I. BASIC CONDITIONALS

hỏi đuôi để xin phép sự đồng ý hoặc kiểm chứng xem thông tin có đúng không.

1. Type 0: Câu điều kiện diễn tả thói quen hoặc một sự thật hiển nhiên.

Ex:

a. Habit (Thói quen)

2. Quy tắc chung:

If + simple present tense ..., + simple present tense... Ex:

I usually walk to school if I have enough time.

b. Command (Mệnh Lệnh).

- Lời phát biểu khẳng định + câu hỏi đuôi phủ định - Lời phát biểu phủ định + câu hỏi đuôi khẳng định Ex:

- If you go to the Post Office, mail this letter for me. - Please call me if you hear anything from Jane.

2. Type 1:FUTURE POSSIBLE (Diễn tả một khả năng có thể xảy ra ở hiện tại hoặc tương lai). If + S + V (simple present), S + will / shall + V (nguyên thể) Ex:

If I have time, I will go.

3. Type 2: PRESENT UNREAL (Diễn tả tình huống không có thật ở hiện tại hoặc tương lai) If + S + V (past subjunctive/ simple past), S + would / could / might + V. Ex:

I don't win a lot of money, so I can't spend most of it travelling round the world. → If I won a lot of money, I could spend most of it travelling round the world.

4. Type 3: PAST UNREAL (Diễn tả tình huống không có thật ở quá khứ)

She likes chocolate, doesn't she? He doesn't go to school on weekends, does he?

If + simple present tense ..., + command form of verb + ... Ex:

There is no milk in the fridge, isn't there?

3. Phần câu hỏi đuôi phủ định thường được viết rút gọn. Chủ ngữ của câu hỏi đuôi luôn luôn là một đại từ. B. SPECIAL TYPES (CÁC DẠNG ĐẶC BIỆT) 1. Phần đuôi của “I am....., aren’t I”. Ex:

I'm going to do it again, aren't I?

2. Imperatives and Requests (Câu mệnh lệnh và câu yêu cầu): + Có phần đuôi là “Won't you?” khi cầu phát biểu diễn tả lời mời Ex:

Take your seat, wont you? (Mời ông ngồi).

+ Có phần đuôi là “will you?” khi cầu phát biểu diễn tả lời yêu cầu hoặc mệnh lệnh phủ định Ex:

Open the door, will you? ( Xin vui lòng mở cửa) Don't be late, will you ? (Đừng đi trễ nha)

3. Phần đuôi của cậu bắt đầu bằng “Lets ..” là “shall we?”

- How intelligent you are, aren't you?

Ex: Let's go swimming, shall we?

12. Câu đầu có “It seems that + mệnh đề” ta lấy mệnh đề làm câu hỏi đuôi.

- Nhưng phần đuôi của “Let me, ..... will you”

Ex:

It seems that you are right, aren't you?

4. Đại từ bất định:

13. Chủ từ là mệnh đề danh từ: Dùng “it”

- Khi chủ ngữ là Đại từ bất định chỉ vật: Nothing, anything, something everything được thay thế bằng “It” ở câu hỏi đuôi.

Ex:

- Khi chủ ngữ là Đại từ bất định chỉ người: No one, nobody, anyone, anybody, someone,

14. Câu đầu có I + các động từ sau: think, believe, suppose, figure, assume, fancy, imagine, reckon, expect, seem, feel + mệnh để phụ: Ta lấy mệnh phụ làm câu hỏi đuôi.

somebody, everybody, everyone được thay thế bằng “They” trong câu hỏi đuôi.

Ex:

Everything will be all right, won't it?

- Why he killed himself seems a secret, doesn't it?

Someone remembered to leave the messages, didn't they?

Note:Nothing, Nobody, No one được dùng trong mệnh đề chính, động từ câu hỏi đuôi sẽ phải ở Nothing gives you more pleasure than listening to music, does it?

5. This/ That được thay thế là “It”. Ex:

- I don't believe Mary can do it, can she? - Cùng mẫu này nhưng nếu chủ từ không phải là I thì lại dùng mệnh đề đầu làm câu hỏi đuôi. Ex:

She thinks he will come, doesn't she? PART 2: EXERCISES

This won't take long, will it?

6. These/ Those được thay thế là “They”. Ex:

- I think he will come here, won't he?

Note: - Mệnh đề chính có not thì vẫn tính như ở mệnh để phụ.

dạng khẳng định. (Vì Nothing, Nobody, No one có nghĩa phủ định) Ex:

- What you have said is wrong, isn't it?

Those are nice, aren't they?

A. PHONETICS I. Find the word which has a different sound in the part underlined.

7. Khi trong câu nói có từ phủ định như: seldom, rarely, hardly, no, without, never, few, little... phần đuôi phải ở dạng khẳng định.

1. A. book

B. look

C. floor

D. good

2. A. hate

B. mate

C. cake

D. manage

Ex: He seldom goes to the movies, does he?

3. A. thank

B. than

C. month

D. youth

8. Nếu câu phát biểu có dạng:

4. A. noon

B. good

C. soon

D. food

- You’d better → câu hỏi đuối sẽ là: hadn't you?

5. A. chorus

B. cheap

C. child

D. change

- You’d rather → câu hỏi đuôi sẽ là: Wouldn’t you?

II. Choose the word which has a different stress pattern from the others.

- You used to → câu hỏi đuôi sẽ là: didn’t you?

1. A. podium

B. title

- S + ought to + V, oughtn't + S?

2. A. nature

B. marriage

C. value

D. belief

9. Câu đầu là “wish’ thì ta dùng “May” trong câu hỏi đuôi.

3. A. police

B. spirit

C. banquet

D. culture

Ex:

4. A. determine

B. maintain

C. sacrifice

D. apologize

5. A. inversion

B. miserable

C. pleasant

D. difficulty

I wish to study English, may I?

C. notice

10. Chủ ngữ là ONE ta dùng “you” hoặc “one”.

B. VOCABUALRY AND GRAMMAR

Ex:

I. Put the verbs in brackets into the correct forms.

One can be one's master, can't you/one?

D. pioneer

11. Câu cảm thán: Lấy danh từ trong câu đổi thành đại từ, [to be] dùng “is, am, are”.

1. If I didn't feel so tired, I (go) _____would go____ out with you.

Ex:

- What a beautiful dress, isn't it?

2. If you (not pass) _____didn’t pass_______ the exam, would you take it again?

- What a stupid boy, isn't he?

3. If I (be) ______were______ you, I would apply for the job.

4. I could repair the car if I (have) _______had_____ the right tools.

4. Cities need to make full use of land in order to achieve urban _____ sustainability ___.

5. If I (study) _____had studied______ hard, I would have passed the exam.

5. Some of the other problems predicted for the near future include limited and diminishing

6. If I (not be) ______hadn’t been______ busy yesterday, I would have visited you.

arable land, deforestation, _____ urbanization _____, and degradation of land and water.

7. She (go) ____would have gone_____ to the university if she had had the opportunity.

6. For South Korea, Songdo is more than a hi-tech business district, but a temple for future __ developments___.

8. Suppose they had offered her a job, do you think she (take) ___would have taken____ it? 9. If she hadn't been ill yesterday, she (go) ______would go_______ to work now. 10. If I (be) ______were_____ you, I wouldn't have told him the truth yesterday. 11. If today were Monday, I (not go) ____wouldn’t have gone_____ to work yesterday.

7. Songdo is the prototype for the green ____ investment _____ the Korean government wants to build the economy on in the future. 8. The pace of ____ innovation ____ is happening fast in the United States.

12. What would happen if you (not go) _____didn’t go______ to work tomorrow.

9. I think the cities of tomorrow also need to consider the ____ availability _____ of open space.

13. If I had gone to your party last night, I (be) ____would be____ very tired now.

10. Cities at their best are social environments where _____ creation _____ and human

14. She must apologize to me or I (never speak) _____will never speak____ to her again.

developments go hand in hand.

15. If he hadn't stayed up late, he (not finish) ___wouldn’t have finished___ his task yesterday. II. Add question tags to the following statements.

IV. Use the word given in capitals at the end of each line to form the word that fits in the gap in the same line. 1. The rapid growth of the population has caused daunting problems for city planners, such as ____overcrowded_______ roads. (CROWDED)

1. Everyone can learn how to swim, ____can’t they_____? 2. Nobody cheated in the exam, _____did they_____?

2. It comes as no surprise that Seattle is the gold standard of _____sustainable_____ city living.

3. Nothing went wrong while I was gone, ____did it____?

(SUSTAIN)

4. I am invited, ____aren’t I ______?

3. New York City is expected to increase its ____renewable____ energy capacity by 50% by 2050. (RENEW)

5. This bridge is not very safe, ______is it_____? 6. These sausages are delicious, ____aren’t they___?

4. Our communities will be _______cleaner______ and more sustainable, so our quality of life

7. You haven't lived here long, ____have you____?

will be better. (CLEAN)

8. The weather forecast wasn't very good, ____was it_____?

5. The government is making plans to _____install_____ sensors and cameras in the city centre

9. He'd better come to see me, _____hadn’t he_______?

to detect traffic problems and help drivers to avoid traffic jams. (INSTALLMENT)

10. You need to stay longer, ____don’t you_____?

6. It's urgent to upgrade the city's transport ______infrastructure______ because almost all the roads get flooded after heavy rain. (INFRASTRUCTURAL)

III. Choose the correct words in the bracket to complete the sentences. innovation inhabitants

availability

urbanization

detectors

sustainability

developments

investment

creation

optimistic 1. Songdo is unique, offering city _____ inhabitants _____ something they have never had access to before.

7. We can improve the quality of life of the inhabitants by _____reducing______ pollution. (REDUCE) 8. City dwellers can enjoy better health care than people living in the ____countryside_____, but they are usually busier and more stressed because of the city's fast pace of life. (COUNTRY) 9. They are building a new waste _____processing_____ plant to treat wastewater before it is reused or discharged into rivers. (PROCESS)

2. The city officials are ____ optimistic _____ that the downtown will continue to be a green

10. Be _____prepared______ for overcrowded streets and shopping malls when you visit big

population center.

cities like Hong Kong and Beijing. (PREPARE)

3. The information will be collected through the _____ detectors ____.

V. Choose the best answer A, B, C or D to complete the sentences.

1. ____ there are some more ideas, we can end the meeting now. A. Unless

B. If

C. As if

15. Your grandfather was a millionaire, ____? D. In case

2. "It's really raining." - "Yes. If the weather ____, we'll have to camp somewhere else.” A. would get worse

B. might get worse

C. get worse

D. should get worse

3. If anyone ____, ____ him I ____ back at 9 o'clock. A. calls / tell / will be

B. called / telling / would be

C. is calling / tells / am

D. will call / to tell / am

B. gave

C. would give

D. would have given

B. to pass

C. had passed

D. passed

6. As we move toward 2050, we are facing the consequences of ____ urbanization and population growth. A. promoting

B. improving

C. wasn't he

D. isn't he

A. do I

B. don't I

C. do they

D. don't they

17. We will need new technologies to generate energy and use it in clean and safe ways, only from fully ____ sources. A. replaced

B. controlled

C. renewable

D. endurable

C. moving

A. are they

B. aren't they

C. will they

D. won't they

19. Copenhagen has been voted the most ____ city in the world several times.

5. If I ____ this exam, I'll go to the university next summer. A. pass

B. is he

18. Across the globe, nations are preparing for water scarcity, ____?

4. If she asks for money, I ____ her. A. will give

A. was he

16. I think the cities of tomorrow also need to consider the availability of open space, ____?

D. accelerating

A. ecological friendly

B. ecologically soundly

C. eco-friendly

D. friendly ecologically

20. This is your essay on smart cities by 2050, ____? A. is this

B. isn't this

C. is it

D. isn't it

7. Studies reveal that food production will need to increase by 70 percent to ____ the over 9

VI. Complete the sentences with the correct question tags.

billion people on Earth.

1. Berlin ties green spaces beautifully into the urban landscape, _______________________?

A. give

B. supply

C. provide

D. feed

8. New York has invested substantially in improving the ____ of its waterways in recent years. A. quality

B. quantity

C. level

D. feature

9. China has already been experimenting with ways to make its cities more ____ for the last two decades. A. sustainable

B. harmless

C. continued

D. natural

2. Chicago is dedicated to being a green building leader, _______________________? 3. All new cars sold in the country will be emissions free in less than 35 years, _______________________? 4. Tianjin, the eco-city in China, has focused on ensuring all its structures qualify as green buildings, _______________________? 5. There is lack of the formation necessary for making urban progress,

10. China has already been experimenting with ways to make its cities more ____ for the last two

_______________________?

decades.

6. The Mayor of London did not believe an electric double decker was technically feasible, _______________?

A. sustain

B. sustainable

C. survival

D. available

C. will you

D. shall we

7. Your life will be organised by a domestic computer, _______________________?

11. Don't leave anything behind, ____? A. do you

B. don't you

9. There will be electric, driverless cars, ________________________?

12. That isn't Bill driving, ____? A. is it

B. is that

C. isn't that

D. isn't it

C. didn't they

D. did they

B. don't they B. can they

energy-consuming cities, _______________________? 12. By 2050, between 70 and 80 percent of the world's population will live in cities,

14. The children can read English, ____? A. can't they

10. Yahoo CEO Marissa Mayer banned telecommuting, _______________________? 11. The start of the 21st century in China and the Arab world was marked by the creation of new,

13. Nobody likes the play, ____? A. do they

8. The global population is growing towards nine billion by 2050, _______________________?

C. they can

D. they can't

_____________________?

13. Tomorrow's cities are managed by a computer, _______________________? 14. The global conference provides us with the occasion for looking more closely at several

With smart (3) ___ technology ____, the possibility of having huge savings on electricity and power is within our reach. Sensors are being developed so that street lights of the future will

solutions, _______________________?

switch on only when you are close by. The smart technology in (4) ____ self-driven _____ cars

15. We do not oppose the urban situations as they exist today, _______________________?

will enable you to save on gas and other (5) ____ non-renewable ____ energy sources. In fact,

16. One billion children are deprived of one or more services essential to survival and development, _______________________?

smart cities will aim to neutralize the use of fossil fuels completely.

C. READING

advancements ___

The cities of the future will have to adapt quickly to rapid technological (6) ____ in IT and engineering. The gap between technological leaps is going to (7) ____ decrease _____

I. Fill in the blank with a suitable word. Silicon Valley is (1) ___home____ to hundreds of technology companies, so it comes as no surprise that San Jose has partnered with technological giant Intel to transform itself (2) ____into___ a smart city. San Jose and Intel will work (3) __together___ to further the city's Green Vision initiative - a 15-year plan for economic growth, and improve (4) ___quality____

over time. Technology will help bridge the current gap between the government and public in the cities of the future, given that IT and (8) ___ digitization ____ will make these cities more open and social. Another thing that we can all agree on is that the cost of building in these smart cities is going to be considerable. An (9) _____ estimate _____ can be derived based on the latest smart

of life - which it launched in 2007. Intel expects to help San Jose create 25,000 clean-tech jobs, drive economic growth, and improve the city's environmental (5) ___sustainability___. To achieve this (6) ___goal___ Intel will work with the city to track real-time data on air quality, noise pollution, traffic flow, and other environmental and (7) ___urban____ concerns which it will then use to encourage (8)

city developments in India. With the (10) _____ booming ______ population, the Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi is pushing to attract investments to fuel rapid development projects in the country. III. Choose the word or phrase among A, B, C or D that best fits the blank space in the following passage.PREDICTIONS ABOUT THE CITIES OF THE FUTURE

__inhabitants___ to reduce emissions by using public transportation or bicycles to get to work or school.

Cities are built to (1) ____ and prosper. Over the years, we have learned to transform our

Smart cities may sound like something of the distant future (9) __as (or but)___ many people thought the same thing about smartphones and smart homes. Up to now, over 70 percent

surroundings according to our needs. We have (2) ____ through mountains to make more land and created artificial islands to make skyscrapers. City planning, as an organized profession, has

of American adults have owned a smartphone and 1.9 billion smart home devices have been

existed for less than a century. (3) ____, a considerable (4) ____ of evidence (both archaeological and historical) proves the existence of fully planned cities in ancient times. Over

installed. If smart cities are (10) ___anything___ like these other smart innovations, we will see

the years, humans have made some mistakes in terms of using an excessive amount of resources

them appear in our communities sooner rather than later. II. Fill each of the numbered blanks in the following passage. Use only one word in each

for cities. This gives rise to the question of (5) ____ sustainable the cities of the future would be. We might be (6) ____ at smart cities in which street lights would only switch on when

space. self-driven

decrease

estimate

circuits

technology

digitization

non-renewable

intelligent booming

advancements The cities of the future will see a large number of (1) ____ intelligent ___ homes that can communicate with their owners. In fact, things that were earlier considered science fiction are already coming to life in smart cities such as Masdar in the United Arab Emirates, where an automated underground transport network fully by solar power is already running (2) ____ circuits____.

you are close (7) ____ traffic light would be eliminated by smart driving. The cities of the future would try to save our resources (8) ____ than deplete them. An example of an advanced city is Kansas. Plans are in place to make Kansas a smart futuristic city in the future. Planners are considering introducing sensors to monitor the water mains. Warning would be issued to city officials when the (9) ____ requires repair or replacement. In this way, the city would never be at risk of having broken pipes. While the idea sounds fantastic, a large amount of rational critique has called this plan an oversold dream. Amy Glasmier is an urban planning professor at MIT. She is a smart city skeptic who believes that all the research and talk is great but gravely (10) ____.

1. A. find

B. act

C. survive

D. celebrate

2. A. experience

B. cut

C. decrease

D. pollute

The future looks bright for urban cities. Soon they will be able to do things that only scifi enthusiasts could dream of before, like monitoring bridge conditions using intelligent sensors

3. A. But

B. Therefore

C. Although

D. However

and conserving energy by automatically dimming street lights when no one is around.

4. A. number

B. amount

C. percent

D. static

1. Some cities which follow this trend of the new technology ____.

5. A. what

B. how

C. when

D. which

A. introduce smart bikes to escape air contamination and traffic congestion

6. A. looked

B. look

C. looking

D. looks

B. provide charging stations in various locations for cars and bikes

7. A. at

B. by

C. of

D. from

C. make transportation more eco-friendly and more convenient

8. A. rather

B. more

C. would

D. less

9. A. requests

B. research

C. infrastructure

D. dependence

10. A. consider

B. future

C. urban

D. oversold

D. only allow the use of hybrid and electric cars to reduce pollution 2. All of the following are the advantages of the IoT EXCEPT that ____ A. the Internet of Things will be applied in several cities around the world

IV. Read the passage, and choose the correct answer A, B, C or D for each question.

B. the number of smart cities decreases but the quality is much better

Today's urban cities are practically bursting at the seams. According to research from the United Nations, 54 percent of the world's population lives in urban cities areas, a percentage that

C. cities around the world become more intelligent and connected

is expected to increase to over 66 percent by 2050. In fact, India alone is projected to add 404 million urban dwellers to its population by 2050. This rapid growth of the urban population has caused daunting problems for city planners, such as overcrowded roads, excessive energy consumption and unemployment. Therefore, to build more sustainable cities and accommodate the growing number of residents, many city leaders are turning to the Internet of things (IoT).

D. we may improve quality of life and better support the environment 3. Today's urban cities ____. A. are in fact extremely crowded B. are bursting around the world C. account for 66 percent of the world's population D. have more 404 million dwellers by 2050 4. The potential of the IoT includes all of the following EXCEPT that ____.

The IoT has forever changed the way urban cities operate. Cities that were once detached and inaccessible are now intelligent and highly connected. From Amsterdam to Seoul, cities are

A. intelligent sensors can help watch and check bridge conditions carefully

launching smart city projects to help improve quality of life residents and better support the environment. According to research from IHS Technology, there will be at least 88 smart cities

C. things that only sci-fi enthusiasts could dream of before come true

globally by 2025, up from 21 in 2013. San Francisco, for example, provides more than 100 charging stations in various

B. energy conservation can be done by automatically controlling street lights D. comprehensive technology infrastructure to support the IoT is endless 5. The Internet of Things allows the city planners and leaders ____.

locations to promote the use of hybrid and electric cars to reduce harmful greenhouse gas emissions. Copenhagen is also taking advantage of the lot to improve environmental protection and reduce road traffic by developing smart bikes equipped with sensors that generate date on air

A. to develop the broadband Internet connectivity in urban cities

contamination and traffic congestion.

D. to make cities more sustainable and provide enough accommodation

The possibilities afforded by the IoT are endless; however, designing smart cities quires comprehensive technology infrastructure that is capable of capturing and processing large amounts of data quickly and securely - which is where 4G LTE comes into play.

B. to forget daunting problems, such as overcrowded roads, and unemployment C. to stop the rapid growth of the urban population in most cities D. WRITING I. Rewrite these sentences, beginning as shown, so that the meaning stays the same. 1. I don't buy it because I don't have enough money. → If I had enough money, I would buy it. 2. I didn't buy it because I didn't have enough money.

→ I would have bought it if I had had enough money. 3. There was a test yesterday. I didn't know that, so I didn't study for it. → If I had known there was a test yesterday, I would have studied for it. 4. I'm busy right now, so I can't help you. → I could help you if I weren’t busy right now. 5. He's very thin, that's why he feels so cold. → If he weren’t very thin, he wouldn’t feel so cold. 6. I didn't eat breakfast several hours ago, so I am hungry now. → If I had eaten breakfast several hours ago, I wouldn’t be hungry now. 7. If John had played for our football team, we would not have lost the game. → Unless John had played for our football team, we would have lost the game. 8. If I won a big prize in a lottery, I'd give up my job. → Unless I won a big prize in a lottery, I wouldn’t give up my job. → Unless you like this one, I will bring you another.

D. mile

C. medicine

D. West

II. Choose the word which has a different stress pattern from the others. 1. A. prisoner

B. difficult

C. exercise

D. disaster

2. A. improvement

B. occasion

C. believe

D. interest

3. A. influential

B. opportunity

C. temperament

D. expectation

4. A. picture

B. number

C. water

D. advice

5. A. organize

B. embarrass

C. discourage

D. surrounding

III. Choose the best answer A, B, C or D to complete the sentences. 1. Your brother's here, ____? A. is he

B. are he

C. isn't he

D. aren't he

A. was it

B. was that

C. wasn't that

D. wasn't it

A. did Tom

B. did he

C. do Tom

D. does he

B. is she

C. wasn't she

D. was Mary

C. doesn't she

D. she does

4. Mary wasn't angry, ____?

→ Unless you promise to try harder, I won’t help you.

A. was she

11. If she doesn't work harder, she'll lose her job.

5. Susan doesn't like oysters, ____?

→ She'll lose her job unless she works harder.

A. did she

12. You can use my car, but have to keep it carefully.

B. does she

6. Nothing serious will be expected in the process of building our smart city, ____?

→ Provided you keep my car carefully, you can use it..

A. will it

13. If the work is finished by lunch, you can go home.

B. won't it

C. will they

D. won't they

7. Since 2007, Boston police have been using Shotspotter, a system that allows them to ____ the

→ Get the work finished by lunch, you can go home.

location of shots fired immediately. A. detect

14. Keeping calm is the secret of passing your driving test. → As long as you keep calm, you will pass your driving test. → You won't pass the exam unless you work harder.

B. select

C. collect

D. realize

8. I'm not old enough to understand the master plan of our city by 2050, ____? A. am I

15. You must work harder or you won't pass the exam.

B. am not I

C. aren't I

D. are you

9. By 2050, seven out of every 10 people on Earth will be a(n) ____.

PART 3: TEST YOURSELF

A. shelter

I. Find the word which has a different sound in the part underlined. C. Italian

C. China

B. empty

3. Tom didn't see her, ____?

10. I'll only help you if you promise to try harder.

B. Spanish

B. Indian

5. A. English

2. That was Ann on the phone, ____?

9. If you don't like this one, I'll bring you another.

1. A. Italy

4. A. sky

D. Japanese

2. A. say

B. day

C. pay

D. saw

3. A. poor

B. floor

C. moor

D. boor

B. urban residence

C. city developer

D. city dweller

10. Study after study has shown that nature improves human health and well-being, ____? A. has it

B. hasn't it

C. doesn't it

D. does it

11. If someone ____ into the store, smile and say "May I help you?" A. comes

B. came

C. will come

D. would come

12. If you ____ all of my questions, I ____ anything to help you.

B. didn't answer/ won't do

A would

C. wouldn't answer / can't do

D. wouldn't answer/ couldn't do

4. Frank would have passedthe test if he studied more often. A

13. "Here's my phone number." - "Thanks, I ____ you a call if I ____ some help."

→ had

A. will give / will need

B. would give / needed

studied

C. give / need

D. will give / need

5. Unless Mary could be an animal, she would like to be a dolphin.

14. The teacher was absent today, so class was canceled. If she ____ absent again tomorrow, the class ____ tomorrow, too. A. is / will cancel C. was / would be canceled A. in case

B. if

D. was / would cancel

C. optimistic

B. liveable

C. endurable

C. bridges

B. replace

C. remove

B. Downtown

C. Urban

D. infrastructure

A were

→I

→

unless liveable

housing

running

transforms

urban core

commute

connections

neighbourhoods Helsinki already ranks as one of the world's most (1) ___ liveable ___ cities, but by 2050,

2. His English friend told him that he would help him to learn English if he has time. 3. If you were a fish, what kind of fish will you be?

together

→

10. I couldn'tpossibly go there if my parents gave me some money.

D. Town

mini-urban

knew A

V. Choose the word in the box to complete the text.

D. eliminate

1. If I had known English better, I would apply for that job. C

→

9. Ifwere I in your position, I would have another check.

D. suitable

IV. Identify the underlined word or phrase that must be changed to make the sentence correct. B

8. If I were to have a lot of money, I will buy that building.

20. ____ structure in Hanoi will be changed with the development of satellite areas. A. City

→ if

would buy

19. Telecommunications and cloud computing will ____ transportation for moving ideas and intellectual property. A. change

D. negative

in Mecca. B. roads

B A

18. The Saudi government is investing billions in ____ to support the enormous influx of people A. streets

→ if

unless

D. unless

17. Vancouver is often considered to be one of the most ____cities in the world. A. fit

C. otherwise

B. pessimistic

7. The thief would steal money if he were rich.

16. Many scientists are cautiously ____ that the earth can feed more than nine billion people. A. interested

6. Unless we had more rain, our crop would grow faster.

B. is / will be canceled

15. I won't lend you this money ____ you promise to pay it back.

→

A. don't answer / can't do

it may top the list. Over the next few decades, Helsinki expects to add around 250,000 new residents. But the more the population grows, the fewer cars will be on city streets as Helsinki (2) ___ transforms ___ itself into a network of (3) ___ neighbourhoods ___ that are virtually carfree.

→ had

Right now, like many cities, Helsinki has a compact (4) __ urban core ___ linked to farflung suburbs by expressways. As the city grows, each suburb will change into a (5) __ miniurban ____ center surrounding tram or trail stations.

Helsinki expects its busy expressways to become boulevards lined with new (6) _____ housing ______, sidewalk cafes, bike lanes, and trams and buses. Residents will run everyday

1. A. absolutely

B. extinctively

C. disappeared

D. absolute

2. A. in

B. at

C. by

D. since

errands on foot or by bike; the city hopes that homes, businesses, schools, and stores will all be

3. A. that

B. what

C. which

D. when

close enough (7) ____ together ___ that many people might not even have to (8) ____ commute

4. A. Finally

B. Contrarily

C. Differently

D. Similarly

5. A. give

B. find

C. check

D. connect D. tiredness

___ anymore. Helsinki is described as a green network city which has five green fingers (9) ___

6. A. disease

B. health

C. ruin

7. A. recognizing

B. recognized

C. recognition

D. recognize

city also plans to add parks along the shoreline and add new (10) ___ connections ___ to nearby

8. A. national

B. town

C. domestic

D. international

islands.

9. A. modify

B. recycle

C. conclude

D. make

VI. Choose the word or phrase among A, B, C or D that best fits the blank space in the

10. A. blown

B. wiped

C. broke

D. went

following passage.

VII. Read the passage, and choose the correct answer A, B, C or D for each question.

running ___ through the city from sea to surrounding forest network. Most of the new development will be located on brownfield areas, and on transforming motorway corridors. The

The Rise of Robots

WHAT WILL LIFE BE IN 2050?

As kids, our grandparents frequently scared us by talking about how difficult life was

I find it (1) ____ fascinating thinking about the future, as technology is rapidly advancing and in 40 years' time, who knows what we'll be able to do with it. Scientists have recently

when they were growing up. They mentioned walking miles to school in the snow, or doing

predicted that (2) ____ 2050 the population of the world will be over ten billion and technology will have advanced so greatly (3) ____ we will have far more information about all known

hours of manual labour for little pay. Life has changed greatly since then, and it seems to get easier year by year. In fact, with the help of robots we soon might have to do much at all. But is

diseases and possibly cures), we will all be living in eco houses and will no longer face high

this a good thing?

electricity bills and we may even be able to make a holiday to Mars. Our daily lives will definitely be filled with all kinds of new technologies that help us do the things we hate nowadays. House Robo's will be a likely feature in all homes and will help run the family home, take out the rubbish, prepare food and hoover the house from top to bottom. Our kitchen gadgets (such as your fridge, cooker, microwave and dishwasher) will also be

By 2030, it's estimated that robotics will be a $10 billion business worldwide. Companies are already starting to integrate them into the workforce. The electronics manufacturer Foxconn is drawing up plans to launch a factory within the next 10 years that's completely staffed by robot workers. Meanwhile, an American company Briggo has invented a robot that serves gourmet-

'robotic' and will email or text us, the users, when a food item has gone out of date or has been

quality coffee to customers. With the push of a button it will crush coffee beans, measure exact quantities of water, and even wave a steam wand to ensure customers get the perfect cream on

used up. (4) ____, the fridge has a built-in camera so that when you are at the supermarket, you

top. Unlike human baristas, it can serve multiple drinks at once and work all day and night

can log in to your fridge and (5) ____ what you need to stock up on.

without a break.

It is predicted that by 2050 we will all have 'weekly digital health checks' in our homes, which run sensors over our bodies to check for signs of ill (6) ____ and any abnormalities. Conditions can instantly be (7) ____ by the ‘virtual doctor’ inside the health machine and treated

Robots are also invading our homes. The Rooma is a mini-robot that vacuums rooms automatically according to a schedule. The Robomow is a device that will cut the grass for you while you sit in the shade. Then there's the Nanda clocky, an alarm clock that makes sure that

immediately, and if you need a prescription - it will be ordered and sent out automatically. If the

even the deepest sleepers get up on time. The clock is attached to a pair of wheels, and it will

digital health check picks up on a person being overweight, they will send a signal to the (8) ____ house computer to (9) ____ their diet and book in for gym sessions. Because of all this

randomly move around the room. Once you finally catch it, you're probably too awake to hit the

immediate treatment, people will live far longer and won't be (10) ____ out by disease or forms of cancer. Medical conditions that are considered rare today will be far more known about and will be able to be cured quickly and efficiently.

snooze button. Although these early home robots are somewhat basic, they will likely become more capable as times goes on. Although robots certainly help us to eliminate tedious tasks, many people are concerned about a future filled with robots. Some fear that humanity will start to decline if machines do

everything for us. Others have even warned about the robot rebellion, in which robots become so smart that they may decide to turn on their masters. These ideas may seem a bit far-fetched, but

B. they have greater capabilities

there are certainly lots of questions that need to be answered before everyone opens up to the

D. they can do boring tasks for human

idea of a robotic future.

C. they can draw up plans to launch a story Question 8. We can infer from the passage that ____.

Question 1. How is Briggo's invention superior to human workers?

A. present domestic robots can work without any programs

A. It is more knowledgeable about coffee-making.

B. the communication will decline with the use of robots

B. It is better at conversation.

C. a robot rebellion can happen daily

C. It requires no break

D. robotics will have been a major business by 2030

D. It can operate machinery. Question 2. What would happen if you pressed the snooze button? A. You would have to wake up immediately

Unit 10. HEALTHY LIFESTYLE AND LONGEVITY - KEY

B. The alarm clock would turn off forever

PART 1: VOCABULARY AND GRAMMAR REVIEW

C. The alarm would stop, but go off again soon

A. VOCABULARY

D. Nothing would happen at all Question 3. Which of the following is NOT true about the concerns over robots? A. It takes some time for people to accept robots. B. Robots may do some harm to humans. C. The idea of robotics may seem far-fetched. D. Robots may be dominant at the workplace. Question 4. The word "tedious" in the last paragraph mostly means ____. A. boring

B. difficult

C. intelligent

D. expensive

Question 5. What is the last paragraph mainly about? A. Some reasons why people don't accept robots yet. B. A very amusing science-fiction story about robots. C. How people in local communities are supporting robots. D. A few of the latest robots on the market today. Question 6. According to the first paragraph, how is the life changed since our parents time? A. The education system has got much worse B. Things aren't as hard as they once were C. Children have to walk longer distance to school D. It hasn't changed much at all Question 7. All of the following are true about robots EXCEPT that ____. A. they can work all day and night without break

be attributed to

/əˈtrɪbjuːtɪd /

boost

/buːst/

(v)

đẩy mạnh, nâng lên

quy cho

dietary

/ˈdaɪətəri/

(adj)

thuộc về chế độ ăn uống

immune system

/ɪˈmjuːn ˈsɪstəm/

(n)

hệ miễn dịch

life expectancy

/ˈlaɪf ɪkˈ spektənsi/

(n)

tuổi thọ

meditation

/ˌmedɪˈteɪʃn/

(n)

sự suy ngẫm, sự trầm mặc suy tưởng

natural remedy

/ˌnætʃrəl ˈremədi/

(n.p)

phương pháp trị liệu dựa vào thiên nhiên

nutrition

/njuˈtrɪʃn/

(n)

sự dinh dưỡng

nutritious

/njuˈtrɪʃəs/

(adj)

prescription medicine /prɪˈskrɪpʃn - ˈmedsn/ (n)

bổ dưỡng, có chất dinh dưỡng thuốc do bác sĩ kê đơn

stress-free

/stres - friː/

(adj)

không bị căng thẳng

workout

/ˈwɜːkaʊt/

(n)

luyện tập thể lực

B. GRAMMAR REVIEW I. REPORTED SPEECH WITH CONDITIONAL SENTENCES (câu điều kiện gián tiếp) 1. Tường thuật câu điều kiện loại 1: - Nếu trong câu nói trực tiếp có câu tường thuật cầu điều kiện tiếng Anh loại 1, khi chuyển sang dạng tường thuật sẽ lùi 1 thì thành câu điều kiện loại 2. Ex:

Jim said "If I catch the bus, I'll be home by six". => Jim said that if he caught the bus, he would be home by six.

(Jim nói rằng nếu anh ta bắt kịp xe buýt, anh ta sẽ về nhà vào lúc 6 giờ.) Khi chuyển thành câu tường thuật phải lùi 1 thì: catch thành caught, will be home thành

Nhận xét: - Một khi chuyển câu trực tiếp có ý nghĩa khuyên nhủ, bạn nên lùi như tường thuật cầu điều kiện

would be home.

tiếng Anh loại 1, 2, 3 thông thường. Nên thay động từ said bằng advised để thể hiện ý nghĩa đưa

2. Tường thuật câu điều kiện loại 2:

ra lời khuyên và sử dụng cấu trúc advise somebody to do something (khuyên một ai làm việc gì

- Khác với cầu điều kiện loại 1 trong cấu tường thuật, cầu điều kiện loại 2 khi chuyển từ câu nói trực tiếp sang tường thuật không cần thay đổi về thì.

đó) hoặc cấu trúc advise that + mệnh đề.

Ex:

My mom said to me "If you had a permit, you could find a job".

- Tương tự như cầu đề nghị, yêu cầu, trong trường hợp này chúng ta cũng chuyển mệnh đề if xuống cuối câu, đứng sau mệnh đề chính khi dùng advise somebody to do something. PART 2: EXERCISES

=> My mom told me that if I had a permit, I could find a job. Mẹ tôi nói với tôi là nếu tôi có giấy phép, tôi có thể đi tìm việc. Không có sự khác biệt về thì giữa câu

A. PHONETICS I. Find the word which has a different sound in the part underlined.

nói trực tiếp và câu tường thuật.

1. A. studies

B. business

C. functions

D. numbers

3. Tường thuật câu điều kiện loại 3:

2. A. nurse

B. films

C. stops

D. coughs

- Tương tự như tường thuật cầu điều kiện tiếng Anh loại 2, ở câu điều kiện loại 3 khi chuyển câu nói trực tiếp sang tường thuật cũng không cần thay đổi về thì.

3. A. language

B. program

C. England

D. applicant

4. A. English

B. French

C. American

D. Celtic

Ex:

5. A. China

B. Latin

C. skin

D. pronunciation

Tom said "If Jenna had loved me, she wouldn't have left like that" => Tom said that if Jenna had loved him, she wouldn't have left like that.

Tom nói rằng nếu Jenna yêu anh ta, cô ấy đã không bỏ đi như vậy. Không có sự khác biệt về thì giữa câu nói trực tiếp và cấu tường thuật.

II. Choose the word which has a different stress pattern from the others. 1. A. happen

B. visit

C. travel

D. develop

2. A. offer

B. listen

C. precede

D. follow D. describe

3. A. interview

B. appropriate

C. employ

4. Tường thuật câu điều kiện: If + mệnh đề yêu cầu, đề nghị

4. A. support

B. fascinate

C. accept

D. believe

Chúng ta hãy cùng xem xét ví dụ sau:

5. A. inform

B. appeal

C. attempt

D. hesitate

Jack said "If you have time, clean the living room"

B. VOCABUALRY AND GRAMMAR

=> Jack told me to clean the living room if I had time. (Jack bảo tôi dọn phòng khách nếu

I. Use the words given in the box to complete the sentences.

tôi rảnh.)

anti-ageing nutritious

anti-acne

prescription

=> Jack asked me to clean the living room if I had time.

expectancy

meditation

healthy

(Jack hỏi tôi rằng tôi có thể dọn phòng khách không nếu tôi có thời gian rảnh?)

free

Hoặc Jack said "If you have time, would you clean the living room?"

3. Tường thuật cấu điều kiện: If + mệnh để mang ý nghĩa lời khuyên Xem xét thử ví dụ sau:

immune sugar - free

stress -

1. My doctor said that these natural remedies can boost my _______ immune _______ system. 2. One of the main responsibilities of a dietitian is to promote ______ nutritious _______ and

The doctor said "If you are ill, you should go to bed earlier".

balanced diets.

=> 'The doctor advised me to go to bed earlier if I was ill.

3. _______ sugar - free ______ drinks are better for your teeth and general health.

=> The doctor advised that if I was ill, I should go to bed earlier.

4. In addition to a nutritious diet, a ____ stress - free ______ lifestyle can boost your health and

(Bác sĩ khuyên tôi nên đi ngủ sớm nếu tôi bị ốm.)

increase your life expectancy.

5. The development of effective medicines has contributed to the increase in the average life ___ expectancy __ in some countries.

3. It's all about their diet and _____lifestyle______ that people in the Longevity Hot Spots have already found the secrets of the anti-ageing process. (LIFE)

6. An hour of _______ meditation _______ can help you to relieve your stress.

4. Men should drink no more than four units in any one day and have at _______least______

7. Some people believe that ______ anti-ageing _______ foods can make them younger.

two alcohol-free days a week. (LESS)

8. Home-made ______ anti-acne _______ masks based on fruits are completely natural and inexpensive.

5. Studies have shown that our overuse of ____antibacterial____ ingredients has helped to

9. Doctors should use more legible handwriting when giving _____ prescription _______.

6. Although it's impossible to control all the factors involving your skin, you can take measures

10. Some people believe that keeping a diary of daily activities is one simple way to help you to stay _____ healthy _____.

create new resistant bacteria. (BACTERIAL) to reduce the problem with the anti-glare ______treatment_____ at home. (TREAT) 7. After rinsing your face, if your face feels dry, apply a(n) oil-free ____moisturizer___. (MOISTURE)

II. Choose the correct words in brackets to complete the sentences.

8. Perhaps the key to a stress-free _____existence____ is not to remove the cause of the stress,

1. Antibacterial / Meditation takes many forms, but its core is the ability to control the mind and quieten it down.

but rather to improve one's response to stress. (EXIST)

2. Learning is the most fundamental brain workout / cholesterol-free - and the more you do it,

9. Kidney beans, almonds, sunflower seeds and walnuts are all _____excellent_____, cholesterol-free sources of protein, fiber and magnesium. (EXCELLENTLY)

the more you'll benefit.

10. Sugar-free foods can be helpful if you have diabetes and it is best to support overall wellness

3. Research for more recent periods shows a surprising and continuing improvement in life expectancy / oil-free among those aged 80 or above.

and blood sugar _____regulation______. (REGULAR)

4. Many individuals through the ages realised there was a very important link between health, exercise, fitness, meditation, intelligence and longevity / anti-glare.

1. She's going to the photographer's ____.

5. A research suggests that Tai Chi may also slow ageing / fat-free by boosting a certain type of stem cell. 6. Bird's nest soup brings overall benefit to the immune system / alcohol-free and it gives you glowing skin. 7. Widespread gardening provides an opportunity for exercise, sunlight and nutritious / consumption food for people in Okinawa, Japan. 8. The first step in boosting / continuing Nagano's life span was a campaign to reduce salt consumption and promote a healthier diet and lifestyle. III. Use the word given in capitals at the end of each line to form the word that fits in the gap in the same line. 1. In the United States, if a food contains less than 0.5 grams of fat in a ______serving___, it can be labeled fat-free. (SERVE) 2. Try to avoid glaring on your computer from windows and lights, and use an anti-acne screen if _____needed______. (NEED)

IV. Choose the best answer A, B, C or D to complete the sentences. A. that her photograph be taken

B. to have her photograph taking

C. to have her photograph taken

D. to have taken her photograph

2. The director has promised that ____ finds a solution to this particular problem will be well awarded. A. who

B. the one

C. whoever

D. anyone

3. In order to avoid bad eating habits, you'll have to replace unhealthy fat with more ____ food. A. nutrition

B. nutritional

C. nutritious

D. nutritive

4. If you're tired, even if you feel that you need to get more done, give yourself ____ to sleep. A. request

B. requirement

C. permission

D. permit

5. Bahrain's ____ closed up 10.09 points today at 2160.09. A. stockbroker

B. stock index

C. stock exchange

D. stock option

6. The student failed to meet the necessary ____ for admission to the course. A. fulfillments

B. qualities

C. aptitudes

D. requirements

7. ____ cholesterol is a byproduct of the fat that are found in animal-based foods like eggs, dairy products and meat.

A. Diet

B. Dietary

C. Meal

D. Food

C. determination

D. prescription

A. meditation

B. attention

I. Fill each of the numbered blanks in the following passage. Use only one word in each space.

8. After ____, people feel more refreshed and alert. 9. Come and see me when you ____ your report. A. finish

B. finished

C. will finish

B. At - from

C. To - with

B. lifework

C. life force

fraction

traits

adding

active

socializing

almost

lifestyle

Longevity hot spots are located in regions of different countries where people commonly D. In - of

11. Living to an average of 83 years old, Japan is the nation with the highest ____ in the world. A. lifetime

emphasis

purpose

HIGHEST LIFE EXPECTANCY IN THE WORLD

D. had finished

10. ____ my great surprise, almost everyone agreed ____ him. A. For - to

reach

D. life expectancy

12. Make sure the ____ for your glasses or contact lens is up-to-date and adequate for computer

lead (1) ____ active ___ lives past the age of 100. A blue zone is considered to be a "longevity oasis" and the people who live there are believed to have the longest life expectancy on Earth. The longest living women were found in Okinawa, Japan. Another blue zone was discovered in the mountains of Sardinia, Italy where even men (2) ____ reach ___ the age of 100

use. A. medicine

B. prescription

C. size

D. introduction

13. By cutting down trees we ____ the natural habitat of birds and animals. A. hurt

B. harm

C. damage

D. injure

C. me drinking

D. me to drink

14. The doctor has advised ____ less coffee. A. me drink

B. I will drink

15. Whole grains are high in fiber and contain a variety of ____ that support healthy blood sugar levels.

at an amazing rate, another was discovered on the Nicoya Peninsula of Costa Rica in 2007. Only one of the blue zone is located in the United States. It was found when researchers who were staying in Loma Linda, California discovered they suffered from a (3) ____ fraction ___ of the diseases that commonly kill people in other parts of the United States and throughout the developed world. The final blue zone was found on an expedition to the island of Ikaria, Greece where they have 50% lower rates of heart disease, 20% less cancer, and (4) ___ almost ____ zero dementia - loss of memory. What's their secret formula for (5) ______ adding _____ another 10 healthy years?

A. nutrition

B. nutrients

C. nutritionists

D. nutritious

16. Good ____, controlling calorie intake and physical activity are the only way to maintain a healthy weight. A. nutrient

B. nutrition

C. malnutrition

D. nutritionists

17. The High Street is so narrow that the council have decided to ____ it. A. extend

B. widen

C. increase

D. lengthen

18. I'm very glad to hear that you share my ____ in Spanish music. A. enjoyment

B. listening

C. interest

D. liking

19. My own ____ for health is less paperwork and more running barefoot through the grass. A. routine

B. treatment

C. medicine

D. prescription

Scientists focused on these longevity hot spots to answer that question and found that while it helps to have good genes, that's less than 30% of the equation. If you adopt the right (6) ____ lifestyle ___, they concluded the other 70% can be up to us. Other (7) ____ traits ____ the people living in the blue zones have in common include less stress and more (8) ____ socializing ____, strong (9) ____ emphasis _____ on family, a fresh natural plant based diet, very little red meat and daily exercise. Leading their lives with a sense of (10) ____ purpose _____ was a big factor. It insures they look forward to getting up in the morning, II. Choose the word or phrase among A, B, C or D that best fits the blank space in the following passage. In China, it is believed that tai chi can delay ageing and prolong life, increase flexibility, strengthen muscles and tendons, and aid in the treatment of heart disease, high blood (1) ____,

20. The university graduates one of the highest percentages of registered dieticians and ____ in

arthritis, skin diseases, depression, cancer, and many other (2) ____.

the world.

(3) ____ of the research on tai chi has been done in older individuals in the area of balance and fall prevention. This area of (4) ____ is important because fall-related injuries are

A. nutrition C. READING

B. nutritious

C. nutrients

D. nutritionists

the leading cause of death from injury and disability among older adults. Because tai chi movements are slow and deliberate (5) ____ shifts of body weight from one leg to the other in

(6) ____ with upper body movements, it challenges balance and many have long assumed it helps improve balance and reduce fall frequency. In a similar tai chi study of older adults, 54% of the subjects who practised tai chi

environment. One case involving very intelligent twins was quoted. One of the twins received a normal upbringing, and performed well. The other twin, however, was brought up by extremely supportive parents and given every possible opportunity to develop its abilities. That twin,

attributed their improved (7) ____ of confidence to improved balance. One study looked at adults

though starting out with the same degree of intelligence as the other, performed even better. This

in their 60s and 70s who practised tai chi three times a week for 12 weeks (60-minute classes). After (8) ____ six weeks, statistically significant improvements were observed in balance,

case reflects the general principle of intelligence and ability. The more favorable the environment, the more a child's intelligence and ability are developed. However, there is no link

muscular strength, endurance, and flexibility measures. Improvements in each of these areas increased (9) ____ after another 12 weeks.

between intelligence and the socioeconomic level of a child's family. In other words, it does not matter how poor or how rich a family is, as this does not affect intelligence.

The demands of living are stressful for adults of all ages. Although one cannot directly point to studies showing a reduction in stress from practising tai chi, the breathing, movement, and mental concentration required of individuals who practise tai chi may be just the distraction you need from your hectic (10) ____. 1. A. pressure

B. ceremony

C. request

D. telling

Gifted people cannot be created by supportive parents, but they can be developed by them. One professor of music said that outstanding musicians usually started two or three years earlier than ordinary performers, often because their parents had recognized their ability. These musicians then needed at least ten years' hard work and training in order to reach the level they were capable of attaining. People who want to have very gifted children are given the following advice:

2. A. bride

B. regulations

C. diseases

D. notes

3. A. Almost

B. Most

C. The most

D. Mostly

- Marry an intelligent person.

4. A. research

B. boxe

C. present

D. war

- Allow children to follow their own interests rather than the interests of the parents.

5. A. through

B. for

C. in

D. with

6. A. respect

B. coordination

C. stopping

D. refusal

7. A. sense

B. common

C. marriage

D. divorce

8. A. then

B. as

C. just

D. that

9. A. father

B. further

C. farthest

D. more

10. A. troubles

B. problems

C. lifestyle

D. rounds

III. Read the passage and choose the best answer. Psychologists have debated a long time about whether a child's upbringing can give it the ability to do outstandingly well. Some think that it is impossible to develop genius and say that it

- Start a child's education early but avoid pushing the child too hard. - Encourage children to play, for example, playing with musical instruments is essential for a child who wants to become an outstanding musician. Question 1: The upbringing of highly intelligent children requires ____. A. an expensive education

B. good musical instruments

C. parental support and encouragement

D. wealthy and loving parents

Question 2: The word "others" used in the first paragraph refers to____. A. other people

B. other scientists

C. other children

is simply something a person is born with. Others, however, argue that the potential for great achievement can be developed. The truth lies somewhere between these two extremes.

A. ability depends mainly on intelligence and achievement

It seems very obvious that being born with the right qualities from gifted parents will

C. ability depends both on intelligence and on environment

increase a child's ability to do well. However, this ability will be fully realized only with the right upbringing and opportunities. As one psychologist says, “To have a fast car, you need both a good engine and fuel”. Scientists have recently assessed intelligence, achievement, and ability in 50 sets of identical twins that were separated shortly after birth and brought up by different parents. They found that achievement was based on intelligence, and later influenced by the child's

D. other geniuses

Question 3: When scientists studied intelligence and ability in twins, they found that ____. B. intelligence and development are irrelevant to ability D. different twins generally have different levels of ability Question 4: Scientists chose twins for their study because ____. A. each twin has the same environment as his/her twin B. they are born into the same family, hence the same upbringing C. they have the same economic background and hence the same opportunities D. they have the same genetic background, usually with similar intelligence

Question 5: How were great musicians different from ordinary musicians in their development? A. Their ability was realized at an early stage and then nurtured.

8. "Why didn't you report the incident to the police last week?" the officer asked the frightened witness.

B. They practice playing their instruments for many years.

The officer asked the frightened witness why he hadn’t reported the incident to the police the

C. They concentrated on music to the exclusion of other areas.

previous week.

D. They were exceptionally intelligent and artistic.

9. "Why hasn't Peter phoned?" she wondered.

Question 6: The remark: "To have a fast car, you need both a good engine and fuel." in the

She wondered why Peter hadn’t phoned.

passage means that in order to become a genius ____.

10. "If I were you, I wouldn't trust Peter" she told John.

A. you need to have good health and good nourishment

She advised John not to trust Peter.

B. you need intelligence and you need to develop it

II. Change the following sentences to Indirect speech.

C. you should try to move quickly and efficiently

1. "I'll take you to the zoo tomorrow" my mother said to me.

D. you must nourish your brain and train your muscles hard

My mother told me that she would take me to the zoo the following day.

Question 7: All of the following statements are true EXCEPT ____.

2. Jane said to Bill "When do you expect to finish your assignment?"

A. a child's intelligence is influenced by that of his/her parents

Jane asked Bill when he expected to finish his assignment.

B. to become successful, a child needs both native intelligence and development

3. The man said to the boy "Can you show me the way to the bank?"

C. studying different twins is a useful scientific procedure

The man asked the boy to show him the way to the bank.

D. educational development depends completely on economic well-being.

4. The man asked the postman "Are there any letters for me today”

D. WRITING

The man asked the postman if there were any letters for him that day.

I. Change the following sentences to Indirect speech.

5. Henry said to the librarian "How many books can I borrow at a time"

1. Mark said, "I went camping 5 days ago."

Henry asked the librarian how many books he could borrow at a time.

Mark said he had gone camping 5 days before.

6. John asked his friend "How did you manage to know my telephone number? “

2. "If Brain doesn't train harder, I won't select him for the team" said the manager.

John asked his friend how he had managed to know his telephone number.

The manager said if Brain didn’t train harder, he wouldn’t select him for the team.

7. Rose said "I was just leaving for the office"

3. "Our correspondent in Paris sent this report some days ago" said the editor in-chief.

Rose said that she had just been leaving for the office.

The editor in-chief said that their correspondent in Paris had sent that report some days before.

8. Ann asked her brother "What are you planning to do tomorrow?"

4. "How long have you been waiting here?" the girl asked me.

Ann asked her brother what he was planning to do the following day.

The girl asked me how long I had been waiting there.

9. She asked her boyfriend "Is it true that your father fought in the last war?"

5. "Do not write on the wall" said the teacher to the boys.

She asked her boyfriend if it was true that his father had fought in the previous war.

The teacher to the boys not to write on the wall.

10. He said "I don't understand why she has refused to join us on the trip"

6. “Take your place in the queue" the nurse said to the old man.

He said he didn’t understand why she had refused to join them on the trip.

The nurse told the old man to take his place in queue.

III. Change the following sentences to Indirect speech.

7. "How many jobs have you had since you left school?" the interviewer asked Jack.

1. Tom said to me "If I have spare time, I will go fishing with you".

The interviewer asked Jack how many jobs he had had since he left school.

Tom told me that if he had spare time, she would go fishing with me. 2. The teacher told us “If it doesn't rain tomorrow, we can go for a picnic."

The teacher told us if it didn’t rain the next day, they could go for a picnic. 3. "Unless you study harder, you will fail the exam" said his parents. His parents said unless he studied harder, he would fail the exam.

A. fee

B. money

C. obligation

D. duty

C. electrify

D. electrical

2. When I was a boy we had no ____ in this village. A. electric

B. electricity

4. "If she goes to the party, she will have a lot of fun." said Peter.

3. Baking soda is considered the best home ____ for acne as it sooths itching and inflammation

Peter said if she went to the party, she would have a lot of fun.

around spots.

5. "If you need help, I will be willing to help you with the difficult exercises" my sister said. My sister said if I needed help, she would be willing to help me with the difficult exercises. 6. Linda said "I would have come to the party if I hadn't been so busy last week." Linda said if she hadn’t been so busy the previous week, she would have come to the party.

A. dealing

C. remedy

D. substance

A. disease

B. injury

C. stress

D. wound

5. Ann could not speak Chinese and ____ could John. A. either

7. Tom told me "If I were you, I would look for another job."

B. medicine

4. Most ____ is caused by wishing things that you are unable to achieve them right now.

B. also

C. neither

D. so

6. By tomorrow morning everything ____ set up in time for the performance.

Tom told me if he were me, he would look for another job. 8. My friend said to me "What would you do if someone gave you a million pounds?"

A. will have been

My friend asked me what I would do if someone gave me a million pounds.

already been

B. will be

C. had already been

D. have

9. The gardener said "If I didn't water these plants yesterday, they could die."

7. By paying attention to your hunger signals and switching to healthy snacks, you can ____

The gardener said if he didn’t water these plants the day before, they could die.

nutrition, control cravings, and lose weight.

10. The doctor said to the patient "You won't feel better unless you takes these medicine." The doctor told the patient if he took those medicine, he would feel better. I. Find the word which has a different sound in the part underlined. 1. A. recognize

B. medium

C. Japanese

D. seat

2. A. spontaneous

B. official

C. control

D. work

B. battle

4. A. near

B. bear

5. A. said

B. brain

C. day C. hear

D. hat D. train

II. Choose the word which has a different stress pattern from the others. 1. A. swallow

B. survive

C. digest

C. stimulate

D. request

A. life

D. finish

2. A. product

B. satisfy

C. pleasure

D. however

3. A. happiness

B. rewrite

C. eject

D. oblige

4. A. compare

B. compose

C. company

D. consist

5. A. manage

B. recognize

C. argue

D. discriminate

III. Choose the best answer A, B, C or D to complete the sentences. 1. The government proposes to increase the excise ____ on tobacco

B. food

C. menu

D. dietary

9. He was very ashamed ____ his friend's bad manner. A. at

B. of

C. on

D. through

10. HIV is listed as one of the most life-threatening ____ diseases. A. antibiotics

D. dear C. drain

B. boost

cholesterol.

PART 3: TEST YOURSELF

3. A. carry

A. succeed

8. Reducing saturated fat is the single most important ____ change you can make to cut blood

B. infectious

C. nutritious

D. check-up

11. The acid in nonstick pans is associated with birth and developmental defects, ____ system problems, and cancer. A. immune

B. immunity

C. immunization

D. immunized

12. Whey protein may account for many of the health benefits ____ to dairy products. A. believed

B. attributed

C. resulted

D. dietary

13. Not only my son but also I ____ tired from walking so far. A. is

B. are

C. am

D. were

14. Many doctors recommend ____ as a way to reduce stress. A. medication

B. thinking

C. silence

D. calmness

15. Chocolate and cakes cause our blood sugar to rise and give us a quick ____.

A. boost

B. power

C. action

D. success

Having a healthy lifestyle is not just about eating healthily and exercising. It often (1) ___ refers ____

D. amusing

to having a balance between work and life.

16. They all laughed because the film was very ____. A. amuse

B. amusement

C. amused

17. 'Which of these two men is Chinese?' – ‘____ is.’ A. Both of them them

B. All of them

C. Neither of them

D. None of

homework and social

18. A ____ makes the body more efficient and enhances the body's ability to respond to stress. A. fitness

B. morning exercise

C. training

D. workout

19. Tobacco not only affects you and the people around you, but can ____ to serious health conditions including lung and heart disease. A. go

B. influence

C. lead

D. point

20. The committee ____ among themselves for hours. A has been arguing argued

To start with, make sure you get plenty of sleep. Some research suggests that teenagers need more sleep than adults, however, it's often the case that they get less than they need. With

B. have been arguing

(2) ____ obligations _____, you can be staying up late still have to get up early to get to classes, work or other activities. To function (3) ___ properly ___, your body and mind need a minimum of eight hours of sleep each night. Eating a (4) ___ well-balanced ___ diet can sound much easier than it is. A lot of people are really (5) __ conscious ___ about what they eat, and try and make healthy choices. If you think you have too much junk food and want to make some changes to your diet, don't try and eliminate all junk food. You should drink plenty of water, eat a balance of protein, whole grains,

C. has been argued

D. have been

fruit and vegetables daily, and don't skip breakfast - eat something for breakfast every day. Exercising regularly is part of having a healthy lifestyle. Physical activity helps build a

IV. Put the correct preposition for the sentences below. immune

dietary

nutritious

expectancy

strong body and mind. Doing physical activity releases (6) ___ endorphins ___, which are a chemical your body produces, which gives you a good feeling. Physical activity is also an

boost

remedies

prescription

attributed

effective way to manage moods and is a really good lifestyle choice to improve your overall (7)

1. Obese patients should strictly follow health experts' _______ dietary _________. 2. Science has shown that many types of chronic diseases are ______ attributed ______ to people's bad eating habits.

___ well-being ___. Having friends and family that you can confide in is really important. To be a healthy

3. My doctor gave me a _____ prescription ______ for antibiotics.

person, you need to have people around you that you can talk to about what's happening to you, rather than (8) ___ dealing ____

4. You can ______ boost _______ your health by leading a stress-free life, eating low-

with them alone.

cholesterol food and exercising every day. 5. In general, Japanese people having higher life ______ expectancy _______ than people in

Another important part of having a healthy lifestyle is remembering to "play". Just taking time to laugh, have fun and being around people who make you feel good is part of having (9)

other countries because their diet is rich in fish.

____ balance ____ in your life.

6. Lack of exercise and fatty food consumption can weaken our ______ immune _______

(10) ____ Take ____ time to learn about what makes you feel good and remember to

system.

include some of those things in your day.

7. Honey and lemon juice are often used as natural ______ remedies ______ for coughs.

VI. Choose the word or phrase among A, B, C or D that best fits the blank space in the

8. School canteens should provide only highly _______ nutritious ______ meals to young

following passage. HEALTH BENEFITS OF YOGA

children. V. Choose the word in the box to complete the text.

Yoga is a healthy lifestyle. One of the (1) ____ of yoga is that you can choose a yoga

conscious

well-being

endorphins

balance

well-balanced

obligations

dealing

refers

Take

properly

style that is suitable for your lifestyle, such as hot yoga, power yoga, relaxation yoga, etc. If you are a yoga beginner, Hatha Yoga, (2) ____ focuses on basic postures at a comfortable pace, would be great for you. If you want to increase (3) ____ through using more of your own body's

resistance, Power Yoga may be right for you. Whether you prefer you're at home, in a available to suit your goals and needs.

According to WHO, acupuncture is effective for treating 28 conditions, while evidence indicates it may have an effective therapeutic value for many more. People with tension,

Improved (4) ____ is one of the first and most obvious benefits of yoga. During your first

headaches or migraines may find acupuncture to be very effective in alleviating their symptoms.

class, you probably won't be able to touch your toes. (5) ____ if you stick with it, you'll notice a

Another study found that twice weekly acupuncture treatments relieve debilitating symptoms of

gradual loosening, and eventually, seemingly impossible poses will become possible. Each of the yoga poses (6) ____ to (7) ____ the muscles around the spine, the very center of your body,

zerostomia - severe dry mouth - among patients treated with head and neck cancer.

which is the core from which everything else operates. When the core is working properly, posture is improved, thus (8) ____ back, shoulder, and neck pain.

the complementary extremes of yin and yang of the life force known as chi or qi. Qi is said to flow through pathways in the human body. Through 350 acupuncture points in the body, these

Strong muscles do more than look good. They also protect us from conditions like

Traditional Chinese medicine explains that health is the result of a harmonious balance of

pathways and energy flows may be accessed. Illness is said to be the consequence of an

arthritis and back pain, and help prevent falls in elderly people. And when you build strength through yoga, you balance it with flexibility. If you just went to the gym and lifted weights, you

imbalance of the forces. If needles are inserted into these points with appropriate combinations, it

might build strength at the (9) ____ of flexibility.

In Western societies and several other parts of the world, acupuncture is explained, including concepts of neuroscience. Acupuncture points are seen by Western practitioners as

Yoga gets your blood flowing. More specifically, the relaxation exercises you learn in

is said that the energy flow can be brought back into proper balance.

yoga can help your circulation, especially in your hands and feet. Yoga also gets more oxygen to

places where nerves, muscles and connective tissue can be stimulated. Acupuncture practitioners

your cells, which function better as a result. Twisting poses are thought to wring out venous blood from internal organs and allow oxygenated blood to flow in once the twist is related.

say that the stimulation increases blood flow while at the same time triggering the activity of our

Many studies found that a consistent yoga practice improved (10) ____ and led to greater

own body's natural painkillers. 1. The word “triggering” in paragraph 4 is closest in meaning to ____.

levels of happiness and better immune function.

A. making something happen suddenly

1. A. disadvantages

B. ritual

C. benefits

D. differences

quickly

2. A. that

B. which

C. who

D. when

3. A strong

B. strongly

C. strengthen

D. strength

4. A. flexibility

B. shell

C. union

D. gratitude

A. patients can get proper balance between yin and yang

5. A. As

B. But

C. Even

D. On

B. illness causes the imbalance of qi throughout the body

6. A. was built

B. builds

C. is built

D. are built

C. the energy flow can be brought back to patients

7. A. weaken

B. release

C. increase

D. reinforce

8. A. alleviating

B. ceremony

C. approaching

D. creation

3. It is thought that acupuncture is effective in treating all of the following symptoms EXCEPT

9. A. life

B. depth

C. expense

D. death

____.

10. A. trouble

B. problem

C. confliction

D. depression

VII. Read a text about common wedding rituals in the USA and answer the questions that follow. Acupuncture involves the insertion of very thin needles through the patient's skin at

B. making something develop very

C. causing a device to start operating

D. causing something to explore

2. With the practice of acupuncture, it is believed that ____.

D. energy can go through acupuncture points in the body

A. migraines

B. nervousness

C. headaches

D. cancer

4. According to Western medicine, the insertion of needles through acupuncture points in the body may ____. A. help to explain where nerves and muscles can be stimulated

specific points on the body, and the needles are inserted to various depths. The medical

B. increase blood flow and stimulate our instinct of pain relief

community is not in conclusive agreement about how acupuncture works scientifically.

C. stimulate the effect of painkillers in our bodies for treatment

However, we know that it does have some therapeutic benefits, including pain relief.

D. be used only in China and the Far East not the Western countries

5. In acupuncture, the insertion of the very thin needles involve with ____.

6. A. mandatory

B. magnificent

C. harmonious

D. imperial

A. agreement from scientists

B. the locations, and the depths

7. A. picturesque

B. heritage

C. emperor

D. dynasty

C. the thinness of needles and skin

D. therapeutic benefits of pain relief

8. A. geological

B. archaeologist

C. irresponsible

D. itinerary

9. A. doctorate

B. dynasty

C. breathtaking

D. acknowledge

10. A. ecological

B. environmental

C. archaeological

D. analytical

I. Find the word which has a different sound in the part underlined.

11. A. pessimistic

B. optimistic

C. overcrowded

D. innovative

1. A. entrance

B. diploma

C. exchange

D. apply

12. A. residential

B. environment

C. insoluble

D. enjoyable

2. A. pursue

B. curtain

C. furniture

D. further

13. A. infrastructure

B. sustainable

C. inhabitant

D. renewable

3. A. admission

B. profession

C. passion

D. passive

14. A. generate

B. understand

C. innovate

D. maximize

4. A. certificate

B. decorate

C. undergraduate

D. doctorate

15. A. meditation

B. longevity

C. expectancy

D. cholesterol

THE SECOND TERM TEST - KEY

5. A. consult

B. campus

C. discussion

D. subject

16. A. essential

B. survival

C. nutrition

D. vegetable

6. A. tutor

B. master

C. tuition

D. transcript

17. A. acupuncture

B. supermarket

C. necessary

D. simultaneous

7. A. intact

B. dynasty

C. citadel

D. royal

18. A. dietary

B. variety

C. obesity

D. bacteria

8. A. heritage

B. passage

C. teenage

D. package

19. A. remedy

B. dramatic

C. quality

D. paradise

9. A. distinctive

B. diversity

C. irresponsible

D. islet

20. A. longevity

B. expectancy

C. sustainable

D. individual

10. A. relic

B. limestone

C. ruin

D. scenic

III. Choose the best one (A, B, C or D) to complete the sentence or replace the underlined

11. A grotto

B. poetic

C. worship

D. dome

word.

12. A. cruise

B. mosaic

C. cuisine

D. craftsman

1. Ha Long Bay is one of the most ____ UNESCO World Heritage Sites in Vietnam.

13. A. diploma

B. grotto

C. doctorate

D. dome

14. A. citadel

B. climate

C. bachelor

D. diploma

15. A. disease

B. cause

C. university

D. preserved

A. has threaten threatening

A. surprising

B. shocking

C. breathing

D. breathtaking

2. So far, global warming and its effects ____ the health of older people and children. B. had been threatening

C. are threatening

D. have been

16. A. current

B. sustainable

C. infrastructure

D. rubbish

17. A. climate

B. liveable

C. city

D. discussion

18. A. solar

B. infrastructure

C. designer

D. focus

19. A. upgraded

B. consumption

C. urban

D. unbelievable

4. Hue Imperial Citadel is the home of Vietnam's last royal dynasty ____ our country from 1802

20. A. dweller

B. detect

C. technology

D. eco-friendly

to 1945.

II. Choose the word which has a different stress pattern from the others. 1. A. diploma

B. doctorate

C. internship

D. scholarship

2. A. undergraduate

B. university

C. baccalaureate

D. accommodation

3. A. eligible

B. kindergarten

C. magnificent

D. secondary

4. A. coordinator

B. opportunity

C. international

D. similarity

5. A. abundant

B. masterpiece

C. demolish

D. mosaic

3. The reduction of the protective ozone layer ____ many more cases of skin cancer. A. caused

A. to ruled

B. causes

B. being ruled

C. has caused

C. to rule

D. is caused

D. ruled

5. A cable car system gives poor slum ____ better access to jobs. A. citizens

B. dwellers

C. villagers

D. residences

6. Helsinki is a model for the future of ____ smart growth. A. country

B. rural

C. urban

D. town

7. A nation with a strong ____ would be successful in creating numerous smart cities. A. transportation

B. transfer

C. service

D. infrastructure

8. The student failed to meet the necessary ____ for admission to the course. A. fulfillments

B. qualities

C. aptitudes

C. whom I wrote to you about him

D. requirements

9. He got an excellent grade in his examination ____ the fact that he had not worked particularly hard.

D. I wrote to you about

23. If only we ____ more time, we could have seen more of the country. A. had

B. have had

C. had had

D. would have had

C. will begin

D. would begin

24. It's high time you ____ to study seriously. A. on account of

B. because of

C. in spite of

D. although

A. begin

10. Despite playing under strength, the village team ____ beat the rivals. A. could

B. were able to

C. couldn't

D. weren't able to

cold now.

D. identified

26. The government has decided to send more ____ to Saharan countries.

11. The existence of the planet Pluto was not ____ until this century. A. invented

B. explored

C. discovered

A. weren't

12. John never comes to class on time and ____. A. neither doesn't Peter doesn't Peter

A. charity

B. neither does Peter

C. so does Peter

D. so

B. successive

C. unsuccessful

B. am

C. have

D. success

B. to ride

C. riding

D. has D. to riding

B. groups

C. observers

B. Therefore

C. Consequently

B. of

C. at

B. didn't B. have taught

C. eligible

D. affordable

A. qualification

B. experiences

C. limitations

D. possibilities

B. money

C. fare

D. tuition

support from tutors. D. on

A. unique

B. only

C. single

D. individual

32. Warmer conditions will probably lead to more evaporation and rain overall, but individual C. hasn't

D. shouldn't

C. will teach

regions will ____, some becoming wetter and others dryer. A. change

D. will have taught

21. She's disappointed because her son's low test scores prevented ____ to the university. A. to admit him

B. him to admit

C. him from being admitted

D. him from admitting

22. The teacher ____ has not yet arrived. A. who I wrote to you

B. capable

D. Otherwise

20. When I leave the school next year I ____ here for ten years. A. teach

D. mustn't

29. UK further education ____ are recognized and respected by employers and academics worldwide.

A. fee

19. He had to leave early, ____ he? A. mustn't

C. needn't have

31. The style of UK further education is ____, involving high levels of personal contact and

18. I disapproved ____ people smoking in public places. A. with

B. should have

D. customers

17. I didn't know his address. ____, I would have written to him. A. Because

D. donations

30. A wide range of ____ and living costs make study in the United States financially possible for many international students.

16. The ____ at the football match became violent when their team lost. A. spectators

C. collections

D. wouldn't be

available to you. A. illegal

15. Is it hard to get around because you don't have a car? Not since I got used ____ the bus. A. with riding

B. aid

C. isn't

28. If you're ____ for further education funding from the government, find out what funding is

14. Neither my brothers nor I ____ interested in playing sports. A. are

B. hadn't been

27. It turned out that we ____ rushed to the airport as the plane was delayed by several hours. A. hadn't

13. She was ____ in her driving test. What a pity for her! A. successful

B. began

25. If she hadn't gone out in the rain without a raincoat, she ____ in bed because of catching a

B. I wrote to you about him

B. claim

C. vary

D. transfer

33. Besides Con Moong Cave, other significant ____ sites have been investigated and excavated. A. experience

B. archaeological

C. important

D. environmental

34. They must figure out how a city can develop to meet the demands of future residents in a ____ and cost-effective way. A. exceptional

B. available

C. sustainable

D. cultural

35. Reykjavik of Iceland is one of the greenest capital cities in Europe, and one of the most ____ cities in the world. A. believable

B. capable

C. liveable

D. endurable

36. Stress ____ is key to achieving a healthier lifestyle. A. removal

B. relaxation

C. relief

B. eco-city

C. ecological cities

B. destroy

eliminate

antioxidants

uncomfortable

sensitive

approximately

dehydrate

sufficient

routine

maintain

recommended

HOW TO TAKE CARE OF YOUR BODY SKIN To keep your skin healthy, do not go out in the sun without protection. It is also highly

D. smartish cities

(1) ___ recommended ____ to stay out of the sun during the hottest hours of the day. It is important to use gentle, soap-free skincare products for your cleansing (2) ____ routine ___. If

D. ban

you use products that are too harsh, your skin can become extremely dry and feel very (3) ___ uncomfortable ____.

38. Most of us probably ____ too many carbohydrates. A. flirt

PASSAGE A

D. reduction

37. Many of the ____ in China have failed to meet their promised potential. A. eco cities

V. Fill in the blank with a suitable word.

C. consume

39. A quick five or ten-minute ____ each morning will help balance your mind for the busy day

A shower is better for your skin than a bath, which tends do (4) ____ dehydrate ____ the

ahead. A. opinion

B. accident

C. medicine

D. meditation

40. Eating well means ____ your body what it needs, in the most natural way you can manage and afford. A. bearing

B. feeding

C. digesting

D. introducing

skin. Make sure that the water is lukewarm, rather than hot. Before you get out of the shower, rinse your entire body off really well to (5) ____ eliminate ____ all traces of your cleansing product. Then, rapidly dry your skin by gently patting your legs, chest, arms, etc. with your towel. Have you noticed that your skin becomes particularly (6) ____ sensitive ____ during the

IV. Choose the underlined word or phrase - A, B, C or D - that needs correcting. 1. A galaxy, where may include billions of stars, is held together by gravitational attraction. A

→ which

2. By measuringthe color of a star, astronomers can tell how hot is it. A

B B

→ any

4. Antique collecting became a significant pastime in the 1800's when old object began to be appreciated for A

D their beauty as well as their historical importance.

→ objects

planets will have B

look healthy. PASSAGE B promote

practised

lifestyles

thumb

reduces

organs

essential

medicine

stability

transport

promote health and well-being. Also, it has been a valuable part of complementary and alternative (2) ____ medicine ____. Reflexology is an ancient healing practice based on the principle that there are reflex points on the feet that correspond to the body's different (3) ____ organs ___ and glands. These

been contacted within the near 50 years. C

you should eat fruits and vegetables, which are rich in (9) ____ antioxidants _____. This will help you (10) ____ maintain ____ beautiful, healthy skin. If you get enough sleep, your skin will

Foot massage has been (1) _____ practised ____ in different cultures for years to

5. Exploration of the Solar System is continuing, and at the present rate of progress all the A

For beautiful skin, your body requires (7) _____ sufficient _____ amounts of liquid. healthy, well-balanced diet is not only good for your body, but for your skin as well. Each day,

3. The city doesn't need no more taxes; everyone pays too much already. A

soon as the temperature begins to drop, make sure that you dress warmly, and do not forget to protect your hands. Make sure that you drink enough water, (8) ____ approximately ____ 8 glasses per day. A

→ it is

winter months? In fact, the cold weather, as well as the wind and sun, tend to dry out the skin. As

→ next

points are located on the soles, ankles, toes and upper part of the foot. In reflexology, pressure is applied to special areas on the feet with specific (4) ____ thumb ____, finger or hand techniques. Stimulating and applying pressure to these reflexes on the feet is definitely pleasurable, but at the time it helps (5) ____ promote ______ good health. Due to urban (6) ____ lifestyles ___, most of us do not use the muscles of our feet properly. Also, improper footwear like tight shoes hamper normal circulation in the feet. You can improve your blood circulation with 10 minutes of daily foot massage. This in turn will help (7) ____ transport _____ oxygen to the body's cells, which is (8) _____ essential _____ for overall health. Certain points on the feet are helpful in alleviating symptoms of depression. For instance, the spot in the center of the big toe, the spot at the center of the ball of your foot are associated with emotional (9) ____ stability _____ and mental health. One easy way to keep your feet healthy and free from all kinds of foot problem is a regular foot massage. It helps stimulate the muscles around your feet, lessens stiffness and even (10) ____ reduces _____ pain in the ankles or the heels. VI. Read the passage below and decide which answer A, B, C or D fits each numbered gap. PASSAGE A

3. A. endanger

B. harmful

C. risk

D. threat

4. A. so

B. well

C. such

D. even

5. A. bright

B. strict

C. hardly

D. severe

6. A. raise

B. lift

C. rise

D. arise

7. A. pressure

B. force

C. pression

D. encourage

8. A. off

B. down

C. over

D. away

9. A. request

B. interested C. belief

D. favour

10. A. companies

B. factories

D. generations

C. stations

PASSAGE B The Huong Son Complex of Natural Beauty and Historical Monuments is situated (1) ____ a limestone mountain range, some 60 kilometres southwest of Hanoi. This mountain range was (2) ____ more than 200 million years ago. The Houng Son Complex area is a natural habitat of many rare and valuable species of tropical fauna and flora (3) ____ of primitive men in North Vietnam. (4) ____ of caves are archaeological (5) ____, belonging to the Hoa Binh Culture and dating back to over 10,000 years. In the far past, taking (6) ____ of the local natural beauty, ancient Viet people built a system of hundreds of Buddhist pagodas and temples in caves on mountain sides and streams. The most (7) ____ of those is the Houng Tich Cave, which is also the most beautiful natural cave in the country. In this area, the Huong Pagoda Festival, which is held annually, lasts for one month in spring with the (8) ____ of hundreds of thousands of people, both the Vietnamese and

GLOBAL WARMING Few people now realize the reality of global warming and its effects on the world's climate. Many scientists (1) ____ the blame for recent natural disasters on the increases (2) ____ the world's temperature and are convinced that, more than ever before, the Earth is at (3) ____ from the forces of the wind, rain and sun. According to them, global warming is making extreme weather events, (4) ____ as hurricanes and droughts, even more (5) ____ and causing sea levels all around the world to (6) ____. Environment groups are putting (7) ____ on governments to take action to reduce the amount of carbon dioxide which is given (8) ____ by factories and power plants, thus attacking the problem at its source. They are in (9) ____ more money being spent on research into solar, wind, and wave devices, which could then replace existing power (10) ____ . It looks like global warming is here stay.

foreigners. The Huong Son Complex (9) ____ three groups of pagodas, temples and caves linked with (10) ____ by waterways. 1. A. on

B. about

C. under

D. above

2. A. began

B. existed

C. formed

D. made

3. A. but also

B. as well as

C. due to

D. according

4. A. Amounts

B. A number

C. The number

D. A great deal

5. A. parts

B. regions

C. sections

D. sites

6. A. advantage

B. benefit

C. support

D. loan

7. A. especially

B. spectacular

C. surprising

D. unavailable

8. A. presence

B. gathering

C. contribution

D. participation

9. A. maintain

B. contains

C. comprises

D. makes up

B. others

C. an other

D. themselves

1. A. push

B. put

C. pull

D. tend

10. A. one another

2. A. in

B. for

C. by

D. next to

VII. Read the passage, and choose the correct answer A, B, C or D for each question.

PASSAGE A

B. They are slow in their studying

Successful students often do the followings while studying. First, they have an overview

C. They monitor their understanding

before reading. Next, they look for important information and pay greater attention to it (which often needs jumping forward or backward to process information). They also relate important

D. They know the purpose of studying Question 5. Which of the followings is NOT an evidence of monitoring studying?

points to one another. Also, they activate and use their prior knowledge. When they realize that their understanding is not good, they do not wait to change strategies. Last, they can monitor understanding and take action to correct or “fix up” mistakes in comprehension. Conversely, students with low academic achievement often demonstrate ineffective study skills. They tend to assume a passive role in learning and rely on others (e.g., teachers, parents) to monitor their studying, for example, low-achieving students often do not monitor their understanding of content; they may not be aware of the purpose of studying; and they show little evidence of looking back, or employing "fix up strategies to fix understanding problems. Students who struggle with learning new information seem to be unaware that they must extent

A. Being aware of the purpose of studying content

B. Monitoring their understanding of

C. Fixing up mistakes in understanding

D. Looking at their backs

Question 6. According to the passage, to learn new information, low-achieving students do NOT ____. A. just understand it

B. relate it to what they have known

C. simply remember it

D. read it

Question 7. In compared with low-achieving students, successful students use ____.

effort beyond simply reading the content to understand and remember it. Children with learning

A. aimless study techniques

B. various study skills

disabilities do not plan and judge the quality of their studying. Their studying may be

C. restricted strategies

D. inflexible study ways

disorganized. Students with learning problems face challenges with personal organization as well. They often have difficulty keeping track of materials and assignments, following directions, and completing work on time. Unlike good studiers who employ a variety of study skills in a flexible yet purposeful manner, low-achieving students use a restricted range of study skills. They cannot explain why good study strategies are important for learning; and they tend to use the same, often ineffective study approach for all learning tasks, ignoring task content, Question 1. What is the topic of the passage?

EDUCATION IN THE FUTURE

education made possible through developments in information technology.

C. Study skills for high school students

For children over the age of 10, daily attendance at schools is not compulsory. Some of the older children attend school only once or twice weekly to get tutorial support or instruction

D. Effective and ineffective ways of learning

from a teacher. For the most part, pupils are encouraged to work online from home. Students

Question 2. The word "prior" in the first paragraph is closest meaning to ____. C. forward

D. good

Question 3. Which of the following could best replace the word “Conversely”in paragraph 2? B. In contrast

PASSAGE B

participate in lifelike simulated experiences. Consider the following scenario of the future of

B. Successful learners and their learning strategies

A. On the contrary correct

B. study skills D. good studiers

learn about their field. Through their computers and the wonders of virtual reality they can

A. Successful and low-academic achieving students

B. earlier

A. study strategies C. low-achieving students

Education is another area of social life in which information technology is changing the way we communicate. Today's college students may not simply sit in a lecture or a library to

structure or difficulty.

A. important

Question 8. The underlined pronoun "They" in the last sentence refers ____.

C. On the other hand

Question 4. According to the passage, what can be learnt about passive students? A. They depend on other people to organize their learning

D. all are

must complete a minimum number of study hours per year; however, they may make up these hours by studying at home at times that suit their family schedule. They can log on early or late in the day and even join live classes in other countries. In order to ensure that each student is learning adequately, computer software will automatically monitor the number of hours a week each student studies on-line as well as that students' learning materials and assessment activities. Reports will be available for parents and teachers. The software can then identify the best

learning activities and condition for each individual student and generate similar activities. It can also areas of weak achievement and produce special programs adjusted to the students' needs. Question 1. What is the topic of the passage?

The man is alleged to have been driving at 110 miles an hour.

A. The effect of information technology on education.

6. People know that the expedition reached the South Pole in May.

B. Students don't have to go to school any more.

The expedition is known to have reached the South Pole in May.

C. Computer software will make sure students learn at home.

7. It is said that there is a secret tunnel between them.

D. Students can know about their weak aspects to focus.

There is said to be a secret tunnel between them.

Question 2. How many times are children who are older than 10 required to go to school weekly? A. No time

B. Once or twice

C. Three

D. Four

Question 3. Which of the following could best replace the word "encouraged"? A. discouraged

B. emboldened

C. allowed

D. banned

Question 4. The word “they” in paragraph 2 refers to ____ A. students

B. study hours B. Teacher

C. children

D. Older children

C. Parents

D. Computer software

Question 6. What CAN'T the software do? A. Monitor the time the students learn.

She is considered to have been the best singer that Australia has ever produced. 9. It is expected that the weather will be good tomorrow. The weather is expected to be good tomorrow. The Prime Minister and his wife are believed to have separated. 11. It is reported that the building has been badly damaged by the fire. The building is reported to have been badly damaged by the fire. 12. People have acknowledged that underfunding, contributed to the problem.

B. Design materials for the

students. C. Find out the best activities for the students.

8. People consider that she was the best singer that Australia has ever produced.

10. A lot of people believe that the Prime Minister and his wife have separated.

Question 5. Who/What counts the number of hours per week that students spend learning? A. Virtual reality

The President was reported to have suffered a heart attack. 5. It is alleged that the man was driving at 110 miles an hour.

Underfunding has been acknowledged to have contributed to the problem. 13. People believe that he has special knowledge which may be useful to the police.

D. Identify weaknesses of the

students. Question 7. What is NOT mentioned as a benefit of information technology to the students? A. Students can stay at home to learn. B. Students can learn at times that suit their schedule. C. Students' learning time won't be monitored. D. Students' weak achievement can be identified.

He is believed to have special knowledge which may be useful to the police. 14. Journalists suppose that the footballer is earning ten million pounds a year. The footballer is supposed to be earning ten million pounds a year. 15. It is reported that the damage is extensive. The damage is reported to be extensive. IX. Change the following sentences into passive. 1. The south coast continues to attract holidaymakers.

VIII. Write these sentences in another way, beginning as shown.

Holidaymakers continue to be attracted to the south coast.

1. People know that he is armed.

2. Somebody has described Keith Jones as the world's greatest guitarist.

He is known to be armed. 2. It is believed that the man was killed by terrorists. The man is believed to have been killed by terrorists. 3. People think that the company is planning a new advertising campaign. The company is thought to be planning a new advertising campaign. 4. It was reported that the President had suffered a heart attack.

Keith Jones has been described as the world's greatest guitarist. 3. Robert always hated other children teasing him. Robert always hated being teased by other children. 4. Somebody should have offered Mary a drink when she arrived. Mary should have been offered a drink when she arrived.

A drink should have been offered to Mary when she arrived. 5. Kay's questions began to irritate Malcolm. Malcolm began to be irritated by Kay's questions.

8. People believe that the Prime Minister will resign tomorrow. The Prime Minister is believed to resign tomorrow. 9. They are going to repair our car next week.

6. You have to see it to believe it.

We are going to have our car repaired next week.

It has to be seen to be believed.

10. Although it was raining heavily, none of the guests came late.

7. People are blaming climate change for the recent flooding. Climate change is being blamed for the recent flooding. The recent flooding is being blamed on climate change. 8. Why did no one inform me of the change of the plan? Why wasn’t I informed of the change of the plan? 9. Everybody believed that the plan would fail. It was believed that the plan would fail. The plan was believed to have failed. 10. We have discovered that a mechanical fault caused the problem. It has been discovered that a mechanical fault caused the problem. A mechanical fault was discovered to have caused the problem. X. Complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the first one. 1. The police think the burglar got in through the bathroom window. The burglar is thought to have got in through the bathroom window (by the police). 2. She was sorry that she hadn't applied for the job in the library. She regretted not having applied for the job in the library. 3. People used to think that the earth was flat. It used to be thought that the earth was flat. 4. His mother was the most warm-hearted person I've ever known. I've never known any person who was as warm-hearted as his mother. 5. People say that the driver was listening to his Walkman at the time of the crash. The driver is said to have been listening to his Walkman at the time of the crash. 6. Thanks to the improvement in export sales, the company has had a successful year. Without the improvement in export sales, the company wouldn’t have had a successful year. 7. I'm sorry I didn't go to your birthday party last night. I wish I had gone to your birthday party last night.

In spite of the heavy rain, none of the guests came late.

Unit 1. LIFE STORIES - KEY PART 1: VOCABULARY AND GRAMMAR REVIEW

• figure /'fɪgə/ (n.): nhân vật, biểu tượng • resort to (v.): dùng đến

A. VOCABULARY

• take something/ somebody for granted: coi ai/ cái gì là hiển nhiên, sẵn có

• talented /'tælənɪd/ (adj.): có tài năng, có khiếu.

• at the expense of: phải trả giá bằng

Ex: The kids at this school are all exceptionally talented in some way. • accomplished /ə'kɒmplɪʃt/ (adj.) (+ at/in): có đầy đủ tài năng, hoàn hảo, được giáo dục. Ex: He came to New York in 1976, already accomplished in English.

• be committed to: tận tụy, bị giam giữ • be devoted to: tận tâm, cống hiến cho • distinctive /dɪs'tɪŋktɪv/ (adj.): đặc biệt, xuất sắc

• pioneer /ˌpaɪə'nɪə(r)/ (n.): người tiên phong, người đi đầu

• epitome /ɪ'pɪtəmi/ (n.): tấm gương hoàn hảo, hình mẫu hoàn hảo

• be widely/ internationally recognized: được công nhận rộng rãi, được thế giới công nhận.

• representative /ˌrɛprɪ'zɛntətɪv/ (n.): đại diện, hình mẫu

• dedication /ˌdɛdɪ'keɪʃən/ (n.) (+ to): sự cống hiến

• celebrated /'sɛlɪbreɪtɪd/ (adj.): nổi tiếng, trứ danh, lừng danh

Ex: There was no doubting Luke's dedication to the campaign.

• exceptional /ɪk'sɛpʃənl/ (adj): khác thường, đặc biệt, ngoại lệ, hiếm có

• be dedicated to V-ing/ noun phrase: tận tụy, tận tâm

• extraordinary /ɪks'trɔ:dnri/ (adj): lạ thường, đặc biệt

• respectable /rɪs'pɛktəbl/ (adj.): đáng kính trọng, đúng đắn

• remarkable /rɪ'mɑ:kəb1/ (adj.): xuất sắc, đặc biệt, đáng chú ý

• respectful /ris'pektful/ (adj): lễ phép, bày tỏ sự kính trọng, tôn kính (mô tả hành động, sự việc)

• spectacular /spɛk'tækjʊlə/ (adj.): đẹp mắt, ngoạn mục, thu hút sự chú ý

• distinguished /dɪs'tɪŋgwɪʃt/ (adj.): ưu tú, xuất sắc, lỗi lạc

• profound /prə'faʊnd/ (adj.): phức tạp, sâu sắc

• generosity /ˌdʒɛnə'rɒsɪti/ (n.): sự hào phóng

B. GRAMMAR REVIEW

• inspiration /ˌɪnspə'reɪʃən/ (n.): sự truyền cảm hứng, cảm hứng

I. A/AN/THE

• strategist /'strætɪdʒɪst/ (n): nhà chiến lược

• A/an/the là những từ hết sức quen thuộc trong tiếng Anh, chúng được gọi là mạo từ.

• popularity /ˌpɒpjʊ'lærɪti/ (n.): sự nổi tiếng, tính phổ biến

Có 2 loại mạo từ: mạo từ không xác định và mạo từ xác định.

• influential /ˌɪnflʊ'ɛnʃəl/ (adj.): có ảnh hưởng, có thế lực

1. Cách dùng mạo từ không xác định “a” và “an”.

• recognition /ˌrɛkəg'nɪʃən/ (n.): sự công nhận, sự được công nhận, thừa nhận

• Dùng “a” hoặc “an” trước một danh từ số ít đếm được. Chúng có nghĩa là một. Chúng được

• to win/ receive/ meet with recognition from the public: được mọi người thừa nhận

dùng trong câu có tính khái quát hoặc đề cập đến một chủ thể chưa được đề cập từ trước.

• achievement /ə'tʃi:vmənt/ (n.): thành tựu, sự giành được, sự hoàn thành

Ex:

• controversial /ˌkɒntrə'vɜ:ʃəl/ (adj.): gây tranh cãi • racial segregation /'reɪʃəl ˌsɛgrɪ' geɪʃən/: sự phân biệt chủng tộc • reach one's full potential: đạt được tiềm năng tối đa • a stroke of luck: một dịp may bất ngờ • reputation /ˌrɛpju(:)'teɪʃən/ (n.): danh tiếng, tiếng tăm

- A ball is round (nghĩa chung, khái quát, chỉ tất cả các quả bóng): Quả bóng hình tròn. - He has seen a girl (chúng ta không biết cô gái nào, chưa được đề cập trước đó): Anh ấy

vừa mới gặp một cô gái. a. Dùng "an” trước: - Quán từ "an" được dùng trước các từ bắt đầu bằng nguyên âm (trong cách phát âm, chứ không phải trong cách viết). Bao gồm:

- Các từ bắt đầu bằng các nguyên âm “a, e, i, o”. Ví dụ: an apple (một quả táo), an orange (một quả cam). - Một số từ bắt đầu bằng “u”: Ví dụ: an umbrella (một cái ô)

ông nào). Người đàn ông bên cạnh Lin là bạn của tôi. - The sun is big. (Mặt trời chỉ có một). Mặt trời rất lớn.

- Một số từ bắt đầu bằng “h” câm: Ví dụ: an hour (một tiếng)

• Với danh từ không đếm được, dùng “the” nếu nói đến một vật cụ thể, không dùng “the” nếu nói chung.

- Các từ mở đầu bằng một chữ viết tắt: an S.O.S/ an M.P

Ex:

b. Dùng "a" trước: - Dùng “a” trước các từ bắt đầu bằng một phụ âm. Chúng bao gồm các chữ cái còn lại và một số trường hợp bắt đầu bằng "u, y, h". Ex: A house (một ngôi nhà), a year (một năm), a uniform (một bộ đồng phục)... - Đứng trước một danh từ mở đầu bằng "uni..." và "eu" phải dùng "a": Ví dụ: a university

- Chili is very hot. (Chỉ các loại ớt nói chung). Ớt rất cay. - The chili on the table has been bought. (Cụ thể là ớt ở trên bàn) Ớt ở trên bàn vừa mới

được mua. • Với danh từ đếm được số nhiều, khi chúng có nghĩa đại diện chung cho một lớp các vật cùng loại thì cũng không dùng "the". Ex:

(trường đại học), a union (tổ chức), a culogy (lời ca ngợi).

Students should do homework before going to school. (Học sinh nói chung) Học sinh nên làm bài tập về nhà trước khi đến trường.

- Dùng trong các thành ngữ chỉ số lượng nhất định như: a lot of/ a great deal of/ a couple/ a

II. REVIEW THE SIMPLE PAST & PAST CONTINUOUS.

dozen.

1. Simple past (Quá khứ đơn) Ex: I want to buy a dozen eggs. (Tôi muốn mua 1 tả trứng.)

a. Với động từ "to be":

- Dùng trước những số đếm nhất định thường là hàng ngàn, hàng trăm như: a/ one hundred - a/ one thousand.

(+) S + was/ were + O

Ex: My school has a thousand students. (Trường của tôi có một nghìn học sinh.)

(-) S + wasn't/ weren't + O

- Dùng trước “half” (một nửa) khi nó theo sau một đơn vị nguyên vẹn: a kilo hay a half, hay khi

(?) Was/ were (not) + S + O?

nó đi ghép với một danh từ khác để chỉ nửa phần (khi viết có dấu gạch nối): a half - share, a half - holiday (ngày lễ chỉ nghỉ nửa ngày).

b. Với động từ “to do”: (+) S + Ved + O

Ex: My mother bought a half kilo of apples. (Mẹ tôi mua nửa cân táo.)

(-) S + didn't + V + O

- Dùng với các đơn vị phân số như : 1/3 ( a/ one third), 1/5 (a/ one fifth), 1/4 (a quarter)

(?) Did (not) + S + V + O?

Ex: I get up at a quarter past six. (Tôi thức dậy lúc 6 giờ 15 phút.) - Dùng trong các thành ngữ chỉ giá cả, tốc độ, tỉ lệ: a dollar, a kilometer, an hour, 4 times a

Uses (Cách sử dụng)

day...

• Điều tra hành động đã xảy ra và chấm dứt hoàn toàn trong quá khứ. Ex: John goes to work four times a week. (John đi làm 4 lần 1 tuần.)

Ex:

2. Cách dùng mạo từ xác định “the” • Dùng “the” trước một danh từ đã được xác định cụ thể về mặt tính chất, đặc điểm, vị trí hoặc đã được đề cập đến trước đó, hoặc những khái niệm phổ thông, ai cũng biết. Ex:

- The man next to Lin is my friend. (Trong câu này cả người nói và người nghe đều biết

đó là người đàn

- I saw a movie yesterday. - Last year, I traveled to Japan.

• Diễn tà một chuỗi các hành động liên tiếp xảy ra trong quá khứ. Ex:

- I finished work, walked to the beach and found a nice place to swim. - Did you add flour, pour the milk and then add the eggs?

c. Adverds (Trạng ngữ nhận biết)

• Khi *th phát âm là /θ/ thì -ed mới phát âm là /t/ như breathed, ...

• Yesterday, ago, upon a time, in 1945 (in a specific year in the past....), last...

• Khi *th phát âm là /ð/ thì -ed có phát âm là /d/ như bathed, ...

d. Một số lưu ý đối với thi quá khứ đơn:

• Khi *gh phát âm là /f/ thi -ed phát âm là /t/ như laughed, coughed, ....

• Quy tắc thêm “ed” với động từ thường: Hầu hết động từ được thêm "ed" để biến thành động

• Khi *gh là âm câm thi -ed phát âm là /d/ như ploughed, ...

từ dạng quá khứ.

• Nguyên âm + S + ED thì -ed thường được phát âm là /d/ như praised, chased, raised....

Ex: work - worked, visit - visited

Ngoại lệ:

• Một vài động từ kết thúc bằng phụ âm "y" thì biến "y" thành "i" rồi thêm "ed" để biến thành

- Một số tỉnh từ sau có cách phát âm của -ed là /ɪd/: naked /'neɪkɪd/, learned /'lə:nɪd/, aged

dạng động từ quá khứ.

/eɪdʒɪd/, beloved /bɪ'lʌvɪd/, blessed /'blesɪd/, crooked /'krʊkɪd/, ragged /'ræɡɪd/, sacred /'seɪkrɪd/,

Ex: study - studied, carry - carried

wretched /'retʃɪd/,...

• Một vài động từ có dạng 1:1:1 (1 phụ âm + 1 nguyên âm + 1 phụ âm) thì ta gấp đôi phụ âm

- Phần ngoại lệ: Có một chữ có -ed tận cùng được phát âm là /əd/. Chữ đó là hundred /'hʌndrəd/

cuối rồi thêm "ed".

2. Past continuous (Quá khứ tiếp diễn)

Ex: plan - planned, fit - fitted

a. Form

* Cách phát âm đối với động từ có đuôi “ed”:

(+) S + was/ were + V-ing +O

Đúng nhất: Theo phiên âm quốc tế, khi -ED đứng sau các âm sau sẽ được phát âm như sau: Phát âm của -ED

(?) Was/ were (not) + S + V-ing + O?

/t/

/ɪd/ /t/

(-) S + wasn't/ weren't + V-ing + O

Các âm trước -ED

/k/

/f/

/d/ /p/

/d/

/ʃ/

/tʃ/

/s/

b. Uses (Cách sử dụng) /t/

/θ/

• Diễn tả hành động đang xảy ra tại 1 thời điểm xác định trong quá khứ.

Các nguyên âm và phụ âm còn lại

Ex: I was sleeping at 12 o'clock last night.

Mẹo vặt:(Không đúng 100%): Theo hình vị tự:

• Diễn tả một hành động đang xảy ra thì một hành động khác xen vào hành động đang xảy ra

Phát âm của -ED

Các âm trước -ED t

/ɪd/ /t/ /d/

dùng QKTD; hành động xen vào dùng QKĐ.

d f

*gh

Ex: I was studying when he came in. *th

Các nguyên âm và phụ âm còn lại

• Diễn tả nhiều hành động xảy ra đồng thời trong quá khứ (đi với while). Ex: Yesterday evening, my mother was cooking while my father was reading books. c. Advs (Trạng ngữ nhận biết)

Ex: /ɪd/

wanted, needed, demanded, suggested, mended, hated, visited, …

At .... (specific time)

/t/

walked, liked, stopped, raped, washed, watched, laughed, sentenced, rated, breathed,

From ... to... last night yesterday, one year ago ...

stated, looked, cooked, sniffed, missed, mixed....

At this/ that time

played, studied, changed, matched, decreed, ....

At the moment

/d/ Note:

Past simple

While/ When

Past continuous

Past continuous d. Những động từ không chia ở các thì tiếp diễn:

widely

master

inequality

movement

accomplished

pioneer

increasingly

Một số động từ chỉ cảm xúc (like, love...) hay (know, believe, want) không được chia các thì tiếp diễn (kể cả hiện tại tiếp diễn hay quá khứ tiếp diễn).

2. Albert Einstein was essentially all ___ related __ to science meanwhile Leonardo Da Vinci

Verbs of thinking

believe, doubt, guess, imagine, know, realize, suppose, understand.

was a

Verbs of the senses

hear, smell, sound, taste.

__ master __ at art, architecture, invention, and several other areas.

Verbs of possession

belong to have (meaning possess), own, possess.

3. Han Mac Tu was part of the new poetic _____ movement _____ in Vietnam at the beginning

Verbs of emotion

dislike, hate, like, love, prefer, regret, want, wish.

of the 20th century.

Verbs of appearance

appear, seem.

4. Han Mac Tu is considered a ____ pioneer ____ of romantic poetry in Vietnam.

Others

contain, depend on, include, involve, mean, measure, weigh,

5. During his time at University, Nelson Mandela became ___ increasingly ____ aware of the

require.

racial

Ex:

1. Hughes is one of the most ___ accomplished ____ writers in American 20 literary history?

Jane was being at my house when you arrived.

___ inequality _____ and injustice faced by non-white people.

Jane was at my house when you arrived.

6. Steve Jobs is ____ widely ____ recognized as a pioneer in the field of microcomputer revolution.

PART 2: PRACTICE

II. Give the correct form of the words in the following sentences.

A. PHONETICS I. Find the word which has a different sound in the part underlined.

1. He was the most ____talented_____ football player that our school had produced in years His talent for football was great. TALENT

1. A. accident

B. jazz

C. stamps

D. watch

2. A. this

B. thick

C. maths

D. thin

the history of Vietnam in the 19th century? ACHIEVE

3. A gas

B. gain

C. germ

D. goods

3. He wishes to straighten up and lead a _____respectable____ life. RESPECT

4. A. bought

B. nought

C. plough

D. thought

5. A. spear

B. gear

4. His career as a journalist was full of _______distinguished______ achievements. He was a respected and admired journalist. DISTINGUISH

C. fear

D. pear

II. Choose the word which has a different stress pattern from the others. 1. A. remember

B. influence

C. expression

2. Do you know Professor Phan Huy Le whose great ____achievement_____ was his books on

5. To be successful takes hard work and _____dedication______. DEDICATE

D. convenient

6. Doing things with ______generosity______ will give us true happiness. The more we give away, the happier we are. GENEROUS

2. A. medium

B. computer

C. formation

D. connection

3. A. national

B. cultural

C. popular

D. musician

4. A. successful

B. humorous

C. arrangement

D. attractive

5. A. construction

B. typical

C. glorious

D. purposeful

B. VOCABULARY AND GRAMMAR I. Choose the correct words in the box to complete the sentences.

7. Tran Hung Dao was a great _____strategist_____ to lure the enemy to enter deeply into his land, then attacked to destroy them. STRATEGY 8. Mother Teresa was a living saint who offered a great example and _____inspiration_____ to the world. INSPIRE 9. Zuckerberg was forced to shut his website down, but its immense _____popularity_____ and controversy had made him consider its future potential. POPULAR

10. As the principal founder of Microsoft, Bill Gates is one of the most ____influential____ and richest people on the planet. INFLUENCE 11. If Presley was considered a ____controversial____ and a rebellious figure, it just made him more popular with young listeners. CONTROVERSY

III. Indicate the correct answer to complete each of the following questions.

A. interested

C. engrossed

A. fame

B. attained

C. resorted

D. applied

B. warn

C. appoint

to overcome poverty and distress. B. struggle

B. sought

B. segregation

C. obtained

C. achievement

B. man-domination

C. male-dominating D. man-dominatedly

B. condition

C. admired

D. regarded

A. qualified

B. specialized

C. engrossed

D. indulged

A. admitted

B. permitted

C. won

D. constituted

15. She has been quite critical ____ the media focusing on her fashion instead of her A. with

B. for

C. of

D. in

16. Marilyn Monroe was ____ for Golden Globe Best Actress Award for Bus Stop (1956). A. offered

B. nominated

C. awarded

D. rewarded

17. Marilyn Monroe ____ to a heavy drug use, which had a damaging impact ____ both her mental and physical health. A. resorted - on

B. abused - in

C. overexploited - to

D. related - for

18. Their family were wealthy but they encouraged their children to work hard and take nothing ____.

C. capacity

D. potential

8. Meeting my favorite celebrity at the airport was certainly a ____ of luck that wouldn't have happened if I'd arrived five minutes later. B. piece

B. depicted

14. Like many other Britain's prime ministers, May ____ a place at Oxford.

D. exploitation

human beings and in their public duties.

A. number

D. maintenance

13. May's sports hero was Geoffrey Boycott, a solid, stubborn cricketer who ____ in playing the long game.

D. given

7. Princess Diana fought for her children on any level so they could reach their full ____ as A. requirement

A. classified

D. proposal

6. Nelson Mandela was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 1993 for his work in helping to end racial ____ in South Africa A. integration

C. achievement

achievement as a politician. C. movement

5. At the age of 18, Mother Teresa was ____ permission to join a group of nuns in Ireland. A. required

A. male-dominated

D. dissuade

4. In 1979, Mother Teresa was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize for work undertaken in the ____ A. battle

B. reputation

rising to the upper position of leadership.

D. involved

3. Mother Teresa suffered various health problems, but nothing could ____ her from fulfilling her mission of serving the poor and needy. A. persuade

D. achieve / mass-producing

12. Marilyn Monroe is widely ____ as one of most influential figures in American culture. B. excelled

2. His incredible performance during high school ____ him admission to Harvard University. A. earned

C. taste / massive produced

11. Theresa May is one of a growing number of women in traditionally ____ British politics

1. At his first school, Mark Zuckerberg ____ in all subjects and worked hard throughout his classes.

B. see / mass-produced

10. Ms. May, 59 years old, is the country's longest-serving home secretary in half a century, with a ____ for seriousness, hard work and above all, determination.

12. Stephen William Hawking got more ____recognition____ for his research and discoveries through his print and TV interviews. RECOGNINZE

A. attain / massly-produced

C. stroke

D. name

9. Steve Jobs might hardly imagine that only a year later the company ____ impressive victory with Apple II, one of the first highly successful ____ personal computer.

A. for sure

B. for good

C. for granted

D. for charge

19. When Bill Gates saw an opportunity to found his own company, he dropped ____ Harvard without finishing his course. A. into

B. by

C. around

D. out of

20. Despite the pervasive press intrusions into her private life, Princess Diana remained very popular because people could identify ____ her. A. in

B. for

C. with

B. respectively

C. virtually

C. potentials

D. prosperity

IV. Indicate the word(s) CLOSEST in meaning to the underlined word(s) in each of the 1. His early death only cemented his legendary status, and Elvis Presley has become deeply

D. almost

22. As a teenager, he was uninterested in school - but became ____ in music, listening to a

ingrained in popular culture. A. engrossed

B. indulged

C. deep-rooted

D. supreme

2. A distinctive feature of Trump's business and real estate ventures has been the prominent use

huge ____ of contemporary American music. A. bored - amount

B. trends

following questions.

D. as

21. Elvis was ____ shy and as a youngster was not keen on performing in public. A. relatively

A. values

B. reluctant - diversity

C. reckless - type

D. absorbed -

range

of his own name. A. characteristic

B. general

C. common

D. superficial

23. Elvis Presley was ____ for the idea that rock 'n' roll music was having a negative effect on

3. Mother Teresa was a Roman Catholic nun who devoted her life to serving the poor and

American teenagers.

destitute around the world.

A. accused

B. convicted

C. criticized

D. charged

24. If Presley was considered a controversial and a rebellious ____, it just made him more popular with young listeners. A. creator

B. figure

C. character

D. celebration

25. Darwin was ____ a place on the HMS Beagle to act as a natural scientist on a voyage to the coast of South America. A. won

C. offered

D. admitted

gradual evolution over time. C. out

D. up with

27. In the struggle for survival, the fittest win out at the ____ of their rivals because they succeed in adapting themselves best ____ their environment A. expense - to

B. cost - for

D. stake - to

28. Van Gogh played a ____ role in the development of modern art. A. worthless

B. valueless

C. key

B. referred

C. adapted

D. minor

D. committed

30. Oprah Winfrey has played a key role in modern American life, shaping cultural ____ and promoting various liberal causes.

D. attended

B. image

C. typical

D. idol

B. indicator

C. instructor

D. figure

6. Despite the media often being dismissive of Monroe's potential, her efforts to improve acting paid off. B. broke down

C. managed

D. met with success

7. Margaret Thatcher was known for her tough uncompromising conservative political views, and became dubbed as ‘The Iron Lady’. B. inflexible

C. narrow-minded

D. compatible

8. He is commonly referred to as the "The King of Rock 'n' Roll" and epitomizes the post-war pop generation

29. Van Gogh was ____ to a lunatic asylum where he would spend time on and off until his death in 1890. A. related

A. figure

A. reserved C. expenditure - of

C. committed

5. Marilyn Monroe was an epitome of sensuality, beauty and effervescence and was naturally photogenic.

A. failed B. into

B. dedicated

4. Marilyn Monroe has become an iconic representative of fame and female beauty.

A. frame B. gained

26. Influenced by the work of Malthus, Darwin came ____ a theory of natural selection and A. off

A. committed

A. be representative of

B. leads

C. elaborates

D. expands on

9. Leonardo da Vinci created rare masterpieces of art such as The Mona Lisa' and ‘The Last Supper’. A. worthless works of art

B. invaluable property

C. excellent qualifications

D. excellent works of art

10. Da Vinci studied all aspects of life and his far-reaching investigations and discoveries sought to show an underlying unity of the universe. A. insignificant

B. finite

C. extensive

D. excessive

3. Bill (have) _____was having______ breakfast when I (stop) ______stopped____ at this house this morning. 4. She (wash) ____was washing____ up when Tam (arrive) _____arrived_____ at this house.

V. Indicate the word(s) OPPOSITE in meaning to the underlined word(s) in each of the

5. As we (cross) _____were crossing______ the Street, we (see) ______saw______ an accident.

following questions.

6. Tom (see) _____saw______ a serious accident while he (stand) _____was standing____ at

1. Da Vinci from an early age began to display his remarkable academic and artistic talents. A. striking

B. extraordinary

C. run-of-the-mill

D. exceptional

the bus stop. 7. The children (play) ____were playing_____ football when their mother (come)

2. Joachim Lafosse confirms his exceptional talent with "Free Student", a film that is more

_____came____ back home.

conventional in its form.

8. The bell (ring) _____rang______ while Tom (take) ____was taking_____ a bath.

A. out of the ordinary

B. abnormal

C. usual

9. He (sit) _____was sitting_____ in a car when I (see) ____saw________ him.

D. odd

3. Van Gogh became one of the most celebrated artists of the twentieth century. A. admired

B. honored

C. acclaimed

10. We (clean) ___were cleaning____ the house when she (come) _____came______ yesterday.

D. obscure

4. Michael stood out for his exceptional enthusiasm and soft, infectious musical voice.

VII. Add "A/ AN/ THE/ X" to each of the following sentences.

D. stick out a

1. He made his first attempt to engage in sporting activities four years ago with __the__ support of his family.

5. In recent years, Madonna has continued to tour, release albums and engage in humanitarian

2. He was __the__ most talented football player that our school had produced in years. His talent for ___x___ football was great.

work.

3. He did __the__ Black Mountain hike with his friends, but had to check his blood glucose

A. attract attention

B. be inconspicuous

C. be conspicuous

mile

A. throw oneself into B. become uninvolved in

C. have a hand in

D. take part in

6. Henry VIII was equally notorious for his six marriages and several scandalous love affairs. A. anonymous

B. infamous

C. celebrated

D. ill-famed

7. The works Da Vinci did finish were often spectacular masterpieces, such as his paintings The Last Supper and The Mona Lisa. A. magnificent

B. out of this world

C. unimpressive

D. remarkable

8. The death of Diana princess had a profound impact on the British public and those in other countries. A. far-reaching

B. superficial

C. deep-seated

D. heartfelt

VI. Put the verb in the past simple tense or the past continuous.

levels every four hours. 4. Do you know Professor Phan Huy Le whose great achievement was his books on ___ the ___ history of Viet Nam in ____ the ___ 19th century? 5. ___ the ___ following year, he took part in ___ the __ Melbourne Sunset run to raise funds for __ an ___ orphanage. 6. He wishes to straighten up and lead ___a___ respectable life. He would like to be socially acceptable due to his good behavior. 7. He had to brake hard to avoid hitting ___ the ___ truck in front. 8. Doing things with generosity will give us ____x____ true happiness. ____ the ___ more we give away, ___ the ___ happier we are. 9. His career as ___a___ journalist was full of distinguished achievements. He was __a_

1. When I (arrive) _____arrived______ at this house, he still (sleep) ___was still sleeping____.

respected and admired journalist.

2. The light (go) ________went_____ out while we (have) _____were having___ dinner.

10. Five years ago, when Edward was 35 years old, he was diagnosed with ____x____ diabetes. VIII. Choose the best answer A, B, C or D to complete the sentences.

1. She has read ____ interesting book. A. a

B. an

14. Last night at this time, they ____ the same thing. She ____ and he ____ the newspaper. C. the

D. X

A. are doing/ is cooking/ is reading

A. an/ the

B. x/ the

C. a/ a

C. was doing/ has cooked/ is reading

D. an/ the

B. the/ an

C. an/ an

D. the/ the

4. I first met her four years ago when we ____ at a middle school. A. had been studying

B. are studying

C. have been studying

were studying

B. reputation

C. name

D. opinion

B. x/ the

C. an/ x

D. the/ x

B. a

C. x

D. an

B. were playing

C. half played

general, only gained victories. B. experience

B. talented

D. background

C. distinguish

D. respectful

C. am talking

D. was talking

11. I ____ about him when suddenly he came in. A. talk

B. talked

microcomputer and ____ software. B. a - a - X

B. short-term

C. an example of

D. apply

the chemical constitution of stars. B. making it

C. to determine

D. of stars

3. In 1997, molecular biologist L. Mark Lagrimini of Ohio State University cloned the gene in that codes for a type of peroxidase found in tobacco plants. B. in that

C. a type of

D. found

4. Alpine Sainte nards are too good at following the scent of humans, even in snow, that they are used by ski patrols as rescue dogs. B. following

C. used

D. as

5. Booker T. Washington, head of the first industrial school for African Americans, was as popular with Southerners than he was with Northerners. A. first industrial

B. was

C. popular with

D. than he

1. "How do you like your steak done?" – “____.” A. I don't like it

B. Very little

C. Well done

D. Very much

2. "Oops! I'm sorry for stepping on your foot" – “____.” C. the - the - X

D. X - a - the

13. Le Loi used the ____ war, moving from little to large scale. A. mid-term

B. raised

X. Indicate the correct response to each of the following exchanges.

12. At first, Microsoft had ____ hyphen in the name "Micro-soft", ____ combination of A. a - the - a

A. The shortage of

A. too C. condition

10. As well as being a successful actor, Clint Eastwood is a ____ film director. A. talent

IX. Choose the word or phrase among A, B, C or D that needs correction.

A. In D. are playing

9. In spite of having a peasant ____, Nguyen Hue had proved that he was really an excellent A. situation

D. had called/ watched

A. latter half

8. The boys broke a window when they ____ football. A. played

B. called/ have watched

2. In the latter half of the nineteenth century, physical techniques making it possible to determine

7. Do you go to ____ prison to visit him? A. the

C. called/ was watching

supply and demand also apply to planned economies.

6. ____ youngest boy has just started going to ____ school. A. a/ x

A. was calling/ watched

1. The shortage of cooking gas in North Korea raised prices: an example of how the law of

5. This school has an excellent ____ in the community. A. image

D. had done/ was cooking/ read

15. When Carol ____ last night, I ____ my favorite show on television.

3. Mr. Smith is ____ old customer and ____ honest man. A. An/ the

B. were doing/ was cooking/ was

reading

2. You'll get ____ shock if you touch ____ live wire with that screwdriver.

C. long-term

A. Never mind

B. You don't mind

3. Anne: "Fancy a bite to eat?" - Barbara: “____” D. half term

C. You're welcome

D. That's fine

A. No thanks, I've just had some. something.

B. No thanks, I've just had

company, creating new (5) _____ milestones _____ with his privately (6) _____ funded ____ spacecraft. Many of his

C. No thanks, I'm not neatly very thirsty. give up.

D. No thanks, I'm trying to

(7) ____ revolutionary ___ ideas and inventions focus on space travel, renewable energy, commercial electric cars and other technologies, that look to a future where fossil fuels and other

4. Receptionist: "Good morning." - Chris: "Good morning. I've come to ____ Mrs. Dabria." A. see

B. visit

C. do business with

D. hold a talk with

5. Arm and Mary are studying in their classroom. Ann: "Can I borrow your dictionary?" – Mary: “____” A. I'm afraid I can't

B. Here you are!

C. I think so.

D. It doesn't matter.

B. I'd rather just have some

bread, thanks. D. Good idea! I'll go and

make one.

to (5) ____ the Nguyen clan completely. After the deaths of his father and uncle at the hands of the rival leaders, Nguyen Phuc Anh fled to the southern coastal tip of Vietnam where (6) ____ he met a French priest, Pigneau de Behaine, who would (7) ____ become his trusted adviser and play a major role in his (8) ____ to power. He escaped with the help of the priest and later on sought aid from the French in his struggle (9) ____ his rivals. (10) ____ the help of the French, and equipped with (11) ____ European armaments, he was (12) ____ in securing victories over

7. - Would you mind lending me you bike?" – “____.” A. Yes. Here it is

Gia Long was the first emperor of the Nguyen dynasty as well as the (1) ____ father of the modern nation of Vietnam. Born as Nguyen Phuc Anh, he was the nephew of the last Nguyen ____ many difficulties in his early life as he became the (4) ____ of rival groups who attempted

Jack: “____” - Joe: “How about putting some grapes in it, instead?”

C. Let's put some pieces of apple in the salad.

II. Choose the word or phrase among A, B, C or D that best fits the blank space in the following passage.

lord who ruled over southern Vietnam. (2) ____ being born into a royal family, he had to (3)

6. Jack and Joe are discussing how to make salad for dinner.

A. We could fry some onions with it too.

resources may be in shorter supply. His futuristic and visionary ideas have (8) ____ won _____ him both scientific and philanthropic recognition and awards.

B. Not at all

C. Great

D. Yes, let's

his rivals. 1. A. found

B. founded

C. founding

D. founder

2. A. Because of

B. In view of

C. Despite of

D. In spite of

C. READING

3. A. encounter

B. face up

C. manage

D. get by

I. Choose the word or phrase from the box that best fits the blank space in the following passage.

4. A. shield

B. target

C. purpose

D. destination

5. A. wipe off

B. wipe out

C. kill up

D. destroy

6. A. by chance

B. on occasion

C. on purpose

D. at stake

7. A. at last

B. especially

C. specially

D. eventually

8. A. raise

B. arise

C. rise

D. rising

9. A. for

B. against

C. off

D. at

10. A. With

B. Without

C. But for

D. Thanks

11. A. advance

B. advances

C. advanced

D. advancing

service 'PayPal', he invested $100 million in his space travel company, 'SpaceX' and began

12. A. engaged

B. involved

C. successful

D. attended

building satellites, launch vehicles and other spacecraft both for NASA and for his own

III. Read the passage, and choose the correct answer A, B, C or D for each question.

8. Havy: "Thanks for your help, Judy." - Judy: “____.” A. With all my heart B. Never remind me C. It's my pleasure

milestones breakthroughs

prolific

like making

won

D. Wish you

funded

revolutionary

Elon Musk is one of the greatest and most (1) ___ prolific ____ modern inventors and is responsible for monumental advancements in futuristic technology (2) ____ like ______ renewable energy and space travel. Many of his innovations seem to be right out of a sciencefiction movie, but throughout his career he has brought about huge scientific (3) ___ breakthroughs ___. After (4) ____ making ____ his first fortune from the internet payment

William Sydney Porter (1862-1910), who wrote under the pseudonym of O. Henry, was born in North Carolina. His only formal education was to attend his Aunt Lina's school until the age of fifteen, where he developed his lifelong love of books. By 1881 he was a licensed pharmacist. However, within a year, on the recommendation of a medical colleague of his

3. The word "imprisonment" in paragraph 2 is closet in meaning to ____. A. captivity

B. escape

C. insult

Father's, Porter moved to La Salle County in Texas for two years herding sheep. During this time, Webster's Unabridged Dictionary was his constant companion, and Porter gained a

A. The life and career of William Sydney Porter

knowledge of ranch life that he later incorporated into many of his short stories. He then moved to Austin for three years, and during this time the first recorded use of his pseudonym appeared,

C. O. Henry's influence on American literature.

allegedly derived from his habit of calling "Oh, Henry' to a family cat. In 1887, Porter man Athol Estes. He worked as a draftsman, then as a bank teller for the First National Bank. In 1894 Porter founded his own humor weekly, the "Rolling Stone", a venture that failed within a year, and later wrote a column for the Houston Daily Post. In the meantime, the First National Bank was examined, and the subsequent indictment of 1886 stated that Porter had embezzled funds. Porter then fled to New Orleans, and later to Honduras, leaving his wife and child in Austin. He returned in 1897 because of his wife's continued ill-health, however she died six months later. Then, in 1898 Porter was found guilty and sentenced to five years imprisonment in Ohio. At the age of thirty five, he entered prison as a defeated man; he had lost his job, his home, his wife, and finally his freedom. He emerged from prison three years later, reborn as O. Henry, the pseudonym he now used to hide his true identity. He wrote at least twelve stories in jail, and after re-gaining his freedom, went to New York City, where he published more than 300 stories and gained fame as America's favorite short Story writer. Porter married again in 1907, but after months of poor health, he died in New York City at the age of forty-eight in 1910. O. Henry's stories have been translated all over the world. 1. According to the passage, Porter's Father was ____. A. the person who gave him a life-long love of books B. a medical doctor C. a licensed pharmacist D. responsible for his move to La Salle County in Texas 2. Why did the author write the passage? A. to outline the career of a famous American B. because of his fame as America's favorite short story writer

D. punishment

4. What is the passage primarily about? B. The way to adopt a

nickname. D. The adventures of O.

Henry. 5. The author implies which of the following is true? A. Porter's wife might have lived longer if he had not left her in Austin when he fled. B. Porter was in poor health throughout his life. C. O. Henry is as popular in many other countries as he is in America D. Porter would probably have written less stories if he had not been in prison for three years. 6. Which of the following is true, according to the passage? A. Porter left school at 15 to become a pharmacist B. Porter wrote a column for the Houston Daily Post called "Rolling Stone". C. The first recorded use of his pseudonym was in Austin D. Both of Porter's wives died before he died 7. The word "pseudonym" in the passage refers to ____. A. William Sydney Porter

B. O. Henry

C. Athol Estes

D. the Aunt Lina

IV. Read the passage, and choose the correct answer A, B, C or D for each question. A large number of inventions require years of arduous research and development before they are perfected. For instance, Thomas Edison had to make more than 1,000 attempts to invent the incandescent light bulb before he finally succeeded. History is replete with numerous other examples of people trying, yet failing to make inventions before they eventually succeeded. Yet some inventions have come about not through hard work but simply by accident in most cases, when someone unintentionally invented something, the inventor was attempting to create something else. For example, in the 1930s, chemist Roy Plunkett was attempting to make a new substance that could be used to refrigerate items. He mixed some chemicals together. Then, he

C. because it is a tragic story of a gifted writer

put them into a pressurized container and cooled the mixture. By the time his experiment was

D. to outline the influences on O. Henry's writing

complete, he had a new invention. It was not a new substance that could be used for refrigeration

though. Instead, he had invented Teflon, which is today most commonly used to make nonstick pots and pans. Similarly, decades earlier, John Pemberton was a pharmacist in Atlanta, Georgia. He was attempting to create a tonic that people could use whenever they had headaches. While he was not successful in that endeavor, he managed to invent Coca-Cola, the world - famous

6: The author uses Alexander Fleming as an example of ____. A. one of the most famous inventors in history B. a person who made an accidental scientific discovery C. someone who became a millionaire from his invention

carbonated soft drink. Scientists have also made crucial discoveries by accident when they were conducting experiments. In 1928, Alexander Fleming discovered penicillin, an antibiotic in this manner. He discovered some mold growing in a dish with some bacteria. He noticed that the bacteria seemed to be avoiding the mold. When he investigated further, he determined some of the many useful properties of penicillin, which has saved millions of lives over the past few decades. Likewise, in 1946, scientist Percy Spencer was conducting an experiment with microwaves. He had a candy bar in his pocket, and he noticed that it suddenly melted. He investigated and learned the reason

D. a man who dedicated his life to medical science 7: What does the author imply about penicillin? A. Doctors seldom use it nowadays. it.

B. Some people are not affected by

C. It is an invaluable medical supply.

D. Mold combines with bacteria to

make it.

why that had happened. Soon afterward, he built a device that could utilize microwaves to heat food, the microwave oven.

D. WRITING

1: Which title best summarizes the main idea of the passage ____.

1. Only with careful environmental planning can we protect the world in which we live.

A. History's Most Important Inventions

B. Accidental Inventions and

Discoveries D. You Don't Always Get What You

Want

B. tough

C. specific

D. constant

C. request

2. You should take regular exercises instead of sitting in front of the television all day. A. Taking regular exercises is better than sitting in front of the television all day.

3: In paragraph 2, the word "endeavor" is closest in meaning to ____. B. dream

C. Protecting the world we live in, we plan the environment carefully. D. We can protect the world we live in only with careful environmental planning.

2: In paragraph 1, the word "arduous" is closest in meaning to ____.

A. research

A. Careful environmental planning protects the world we live in. B. Planning the environment carefully, we can protect the world in which we live.

C. How to Become a Great Inventor

A. detailed

I. Indicate the sentence that is closest in meaning to each of the following questions.

D. attempt

B. Sitting in front of the television all day helps you take regular exercises. C. Sitting in front of the television all day and taking exercises are advisable.

4: What does the author say about Teflon?

D. Don't take regular exercises, just sit in front of the television all day.

A. People first used it as a refrigeration device.

3. Wouldn't it be better to let them know about the alternations to the plan?

B. It was created many years before Coca-Cola.

A. Why haven't they have been informed about the new development?

C. The man who made it was a pharmacist.

B. Shouldn't they have been consulted before the scheme was changed?

D. It is used for kitchenware nowadays.

C. Don't they think they should be informed about the changes in the plan?

5: Who was John Pemberton? A. The person who made Teflon

B. The creator of Coca-Cola

C. The man who discovered penicillin

D. The inventor of the microwave

D. We'd better ask them to change the plan, hadn't we? 4. Don't take any notice of all his complaints about his health; there's nothing wrong with him. A. You can ignore all his talk of being ill; he's actually perfectly healthy.

B. Try to avoid the subject of his health as I am tired of hearing all about his complaints.

A. Because I had to do so much work I couldn't go to the movies.

C. Don't listen to him talking about his health; it's his favorite subject.

B. I would go to the movies when I had done so much work.

D. If you let him, he would talk only about his ill-health though actually he is quite healthy.

C. A lot of work couldn't prevent me from going to the movies.

5. We had planned to walk right round the lake, but the heavy rain made this impossible.

D. I never go to the movies if I have work to do. 10. "Why don't you get your hair cut, Gavin?" said Adam.

A. In spite of the heavy rain we managed to walk half way round the lake as planned.

A. Adam advised Gavin to cut his hair.

B. The heavy rain nearly prevented us from walking right round the lake.

B. Gavin was suggested to have a hair cut.

C. We would have walked right round the lake even if it had rained heavily.

C. It was suggested that Adam get Gavin's haircut.

D. If it hadn't rained so heavily, we would have walked right round the lake.

D. Adam suggested that Gavin should have his hair cut.

6. There won't be peace in the conflict if both sides do not really desire it. A. It is only if both sides actually want the conflict to end peacefully that it will happen. B. As both sides in the conflict apparently desire peace, it is likely that there will be peace soon. C. The main problem in the conflict seems to be that neither side really desires peace. D. There has been a lot of fighting in the conflict because both sides seem to want it that way. 7. The accident happened as a result of the driver's not paying attention to the road. A. If the driver would have paid attention to the road, the accident hadn't happened. B. Had the driver been paid attention to the road, the accident wouldn't have happened. C. If the driver had been paying attention to the road, the accident wouldn't have happened. D. Had the accident not happened, the driver would not have had to pay attention to the road. 8. "Shall I help you do the dishes, Carlo?" said Robert.

II. Indicate the sentence that best combines each pair of the following sentences. 1. He did not remember the meeting. He went out for a coffee with his friends then. A. Not remember the meeting, he went out for a coffee with his friends. B. Not to remember the meeting, he went out for a coffee with his friends. C. Not remembered the meeting, he went out for a coffee with his friends. D. Not remembering the meeting, he went out for a coffee with his friends. 2. They left their home early. They didn't want to miss the first train. A. They left their home early so as to not miss the first train. B. They left their home early for fear that they wouldn't miss the first train. C. They left their home early so as not to miss the first train. D. They left their home early in order that not to miss the first train. 3. The traffic is so heavy. It will take us at least an hour to get there. A. Unless the traffic is heavy, it will take us at least an hour to get there. B. As the traffic is so heavy, it will take us at least an hour to get there.

A. Robert suggested helping Carlo with the dishes.

C. The traffic was so heavy that it took us an hour to get there.

B. Robert suggested to help Carlo do the dishes.

D. We will spend more than an hour to get there to avoid heavy traffic.

C. Robert offered Carlo to help do the dishes.

4. There was no poor performance. Moreover, that of the Russian dancers was certainly the best.

D. Robert offered to help Carlo do the dishes.

A. The best performance was the one of the Russians while some of the others were poor.

9. If I hadn't had so much work to do I would have gone to the movies.

B. The Russian dancers were well-worth watching but the others weren't.

C. All the dancers but the Russian performed poorly.

talented

D. They all danced well, but the Russian did the best.

celebrated

leadership

1. Her mother is always the first reader of her books, and she creates the most ____ favourable

5. I started training to be an accountant six months ago. I've got more months to go and then I have to take exams.

____ conditions for her daughter to work.

A. By the time I've taken my exam, I will have started training to be an accountant for a

anti-colonial writings against the French

2. Nguyen Dinh Chieu was a Vietnamese poet who was known for his ____ patriotism ____ and

year.

3. The work, Luc Van Tien, remains one of the most ____ celebrated ____ works in Vietnamese

B. By the time I take my exam, I will have been in training to be an accountant for a year.

literature.

C. By the time I took my exam, I would have trained to be an accountant for a year.

4. He was the most ____ talented ____ football player that our school had produced in years. His

D. By the time I've taken my exam, I will be training for a year. 6. Why did Danny decide to enter the marathon? Danny's totally unfit. A. Why did Danny decide to enter the marathon who's totally unfit?

talent for football was great. 5. Nguyen Hue, with his genius ____ leadership ___, created a people's army, no matter small or large. 6. Nguyen Binh Khiem ____ gained _____ a reputation as someone who could foretell the

B. Why did Danny, whose totally unfit, decide to enter the marathon?

future.

C. Why did Danny decide to enter the marathon, who's totally unfit?

IV. Indicate the word(s) CLOSEST in meaning to the underlined word(s) in each of the

D. Why did Danny, who's totally unfit, decide to enter the marathon?

following questions. 1. The impact of the assembly line helped Ford become the dominant firm in the motorcar

PART 3: TEST YOURSELF I. Find the word which has a different sound in the part underlined. 1. A. candy

B. sandy

C. many

D. handy

2. A. earning

B. learning

C. searching

D. clearing

3. A. waited

B. mended

C. naked

D. faced

4. A. given

B. risen

C. ridden

D. whiten

5. A. cough

B. tough

C. rough

D. enough

II. Choose the word which has a different stress pattern from the others. 1. A. designer

B. origin

C. history

D. quality

2. A. capital

B. construction

C. announcement

D. eventful

3. A. apartment

B. tradition

C. different

D. expensive

4. A. monitor

B. organize

C. following

D. inviting

5. A. accurate

B. discussion

C. sentiment

D. industry

III. Choose the correct words in the box to complete the sentences. gained

patriotism

favourable

industry. A. most influential

B. subservient

C. best-selling

D. depressive

2. They all encouraged my creativity and inspired me in many ways. A. overlooked

B. motivated

C. rejected

D. disappointed

3. She idolizes her artist mother, Ingrid, who is as strong and dangerous as she is beautiful. A. impresses

B. detests

C. worships

D. hates

4. Clara did not care how low the Phineas fortune had fallen; no proper respectable girl would allow herself to be a maid. A. disreputable

B. unworthy

C. paltry

D. reputable

5. He was by nature a reserved man but not a cold one. A. shy

B. easygoing

C. sociable

D. lavish

6. She was brought up in a well-off family. She can't understand the problems we are facing. A. poor

B. broke

C. wealthy

D. kind

V. Indicate the word(s) OPPOSITE in meaning to the underlined word(s) in each of the following questions.

1. P.G. Wodehouse's broadcasts attracted the strongest criticism from countrymen who felt it appeared he was indifferent to the war. A. attentive

B. regardless

C. unresponsive

D. apathetic

A. had arrived/discovered/preparing preparing

B. was arriving/has discovered/was

C. have arrived/was discovering/had prepared

D. arrived/discovered/was preparing

2. Although many criticized his seemingly over-generous pay. Henry Ford also pointed out that

4. Tran Hung Dao was a great ____ to lure the enemy to enter deeply into his land, then attacked

the high wage helped the workers to be able to afford the cars.

to destroy them.

A. lavish

B. open-handed

C. big-hearted

D. mean

A. strategy

B. strategist

C. soldier

D. king

3. Annie ran Tobin's Café on the Quay for some 30 years where she was known to be a very

5. ____ Emperor Quang Trung was ____ second emperor of ____ Tay Son Dynasty, reigning

generous and charitable lady.

from 1788 to 1792.

A. free-handed pinching

B. generous

C. non-profit-making

D. penny-

B. naive

C. knowledgeable

D. worldly-wise

5. There has been insufficient rainfall over the past two years, and fanners are having trouble. A. abundant

B. adequate

C. unsatisfactory

D. dominant

6. We strongly believe that he's innocent of the crime. We do not think that he did it A. crimeless

B. skillful

C. clean

D. guilty

7. The situation seems to be changing minute by minute. A. from time to time B. time after time

D. very slowly

apples and oranges.

D. X – the - X

A. watch

B. watched

C. was watching

D. am watching

C. were playing

D. have played

7. When it began to rain, they ____ in the yard. A. played

B. had played

8. Liz and Laura is going shopping together. Liz: "Look! This sweater is beautiful." - Laura:"____?" A. Why not trying it on

B. Why not trying on it

C. Why not try it on

D. Why not try on it

Anna: “____” - Bill: "I will." A. I'll miss you much.

B. Give my best wishes to your

parents.

A. containing too many technical details

B. very similar

C. completely different

D. very complicated

VI. Indicate the correct answer to complete each of the following questions. 1. Hawking was honored with many ____ awards like the Gold Medal of the Royal Astronomical Society. B. imperative

C. indispensible

D. prestigious

2. Her range of media enterprises has made Oprah one of the richest ____ women. A. ready-made

C. X - the - the

9. Anna is seeing Bill off at the airport.

C. again and again

8. Jose had a hard time comparing the iPhone to the Samsung phone because to him they were

A. exceptional

B. X - a - the

6. While I ____ TV last night, a mouse ran across the floor.

4. Rich, worldly and sophisticated, he could have been the ideal husband for Gwendolyn but feels compelled to crush her independent spirit and mold her into his perfect wife. A. elegant

A. The - a - the

B. self-made

C. tailor-made

D. independent-made

3. When I ____ home last night, I ____ that Jane ____ a beautiful candle light dinner.

C. Have a nice trip!

D. Wish you a happy journey.

10. When I woke up this morning, it ____. A. rained

B. was raining

C. has rained

D. is raining

11. Her ____ to medicine was so great that she had little time for anything else. A. importance

B. dedication

C. emphasis

D. reputation

12. Bill Gates was ____ middle child of William H. Gates II, ____ prominent Seattle Lawyer, and Mary Gates, who worked as teacher before she had children. A. the / a / a

B. a / a / a

C. the / the / a

D. the / the / the

13. While Tom ____ tennis, Ann ____ a shower. A. played / took

B. playing / taking

C. was playing / was taking

D. was

play / was take

A. making

14. When they ____ in the garden, the phone ____. A. worked / was ringing

B. were working / rang

C. worked / rang

many invisible ____. C. obstacles

D. barriers

enhancing drugs during his cycling career. B. confession

C. receipt

D. acceptance

17. In 2004, Barack Obama was elected to the US Senate where he ____ a reputation as one of rising stars in the Democrat Party. B. refrained

C. gained

D. highlighted

18. Michael Porter has ____ as the strategic adviser to many successful U.S. companies and B. employed

C. described

D. appointed

19. Gia Long had to ____ many difficulties in his early life, as he became the target of rival groups attempting to wipe out the Nguyen clan completely A. deal

B. cope

C. encounter

his promise to promote world peace. B. for

C. with

D. on

21. George VI ____ royal duties such as representing his father at coalmines, factories, and rail yards. A. paid off

B. got over

C. gave in

D. took up

22. Nelson Mandela is one of the most ____ political leaders of the Twentieth and Twenty-First Century. A. admired

B. achievement

C. performance

D. realization

A. taken on

B. taken over

C. taken in

D. taken up

A. shining

B. brightening

C. glamorous

D. gloomy

C. by example

D. by sample

27. He is a captain who leads ____. A. by instance

B. by mirror

28. Japan is often quoted as the prime ____ of a modern industrial nation. A. example

B. performer

C. instructor

D. pioneer

29. Some argue that the intellectual life of Bulgarians in the nineteenth century was ____ influenced by Russian culture. B. mightily

C. terribly

D. strongly

30. Peter is an artist himself and has some of his own very interesting ____ on sale in the shop. A. create

B. creators

C. creations

D. creativity

31. We must continually evaluate the ____ of each change on the product as a whole. D. surpass

20. A year into his presidency, Barack Obama was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize (2009) ____ A. about

A. effort

A. superficially

other international companies. A. served

D. becoming

26. She is a ____ example of what people with disabilities can achieve. B. gaps

16. It was on Oprah that Armstrong finally made a dramatic ____ that he had used performance-

A. acquired

C. getting

25. If necessary, part of the responsibility is ____ by the internal security troops.

15. Oprah Winfrey has been an important role model for black American women, breaking down

A. encouragement

B. doing

24. The dream of a successful Scotland is capable of ____.

work / rings

A. trends

23. Emergency crews are ____ progress in fixing the broken levees, but they are in a desperate race to stop the flooding.

A. performing

B. possibility

C. impact

D. affect

32. A couple who gave their 50th blood ____ were presented with awards to mark their achievement. A. deficiency

B. adequacy

C. plenty

D. donation

VII. Choose the word or phrase among A, B, C or D that needs correction. 1. Only after Theodore Roosevelt became president did conservation developedinto a major environmental issue in the United States A. Only after

B. developed

C. into

D. environmental

2. Contemporary poet James Merrill writes autobiographical verse that building on B. perfect

C. talent

D. skilled

remembrances of his childhood.

A. Contemporary

3. Together Rogers and Hammerstein wrote nine musicals, the first of whose was Oklahoma

entered national politics in the early 2000s and (6) ____ his eyes on the presidential office. As a politician, his career was marred by allegations of sexual (7) ____ and he also earned much (8)

(1943).

____ for his extravagant lifestyle and (9) ____ comments on immigrants from Islamic nations. A. Together

B. writes

B. musicals

C. building on

C. first

D. his

(10) ____ the controversies surrounding him, Trump (11) ____ for the 2016 presidential election

D. whose

4. Benjamin Franklin was the editor of the largest newspaper in the colonies, a diplomatic

as a Republican and (12) ____ Democratic candidate Hillary Clinton in a surprise victory. Donald Trump is the first person to assume presidency without prior military or government

representative to France and later to England, and he inventedmany useful devices

service and at 70, he is also the oldest one to assume the office.

A. was

B. the largest

C. he invented

D. many

1. A. In addition

5. Albert Einstein was such brilliant a scientist that many of his colleagues had to study for several years in order to form opinions about his theories. A. such brilliant a scientist

B. many of his colleagues

C. study

D. about

VIII. Choose the word or phrase from the box that best fits the blank space in the following passage. earned

took

based

regard

examples

saw

rest

B. In contrast

C. Apart

D. Other

2. A. steps

B. charge

C. measures

D. advantages

3. A. pageants

B. competitions

C. tests

D. examinations

4. A. realistic

B. true

C. actual

D. reality

5. A. scale

B. scope

C. horizons

D. amount

6. A. put

B. set

C. lay

D. lain

7. A. abuse

B. prejudices

C. misconduct

D. mistakes

8. A. criticism

B. accusation

C. blame

D. conviction

9. A. burning

B. confusing

C. respectful

D. controversial

today. Once a poor lad who survived (2) ___by_____ guiding tourists, Ma left no stone unturned

10. A. Thanks to

B. Other than

C. Despite

D. With

to rise above his humble condition and achieve success. One of the first steps he (3) ___took____

11. A. went

B. applied

C. ran

D. struggled

in this (4) ____ regard ____ was to improve his communication skills by learning English. Jack was one of the first few individuals who (5) ____saw____ Internet as a business opportunity

12. A. won

B. defeated

C. suggested

D. appointed

by Jack Ma is one of the world's greatest living (1) ___ examples _____ of entrepreneurship

even at a time when the (6) ____rest__ of the world didn't believe in his thoughts. After starting his first venture using a mere $20000, the entrepreneur (7) __ earned ____ around $800,000 in a matter of just three years. However, it is the e-commerce (8) ____ based ____ venture, 'Alibaba', which he founded in the early 2000s that catapulted this entrepreneur to global fame. IX. Choose the word or phrase among A, B, C or D that best fits the blank Spare the following passage. Donald John Trump is the 45th President of the United States, in office since January 20, 2017. (1) ____ to being a politician, he is a successful business magnate and television personality as well. The son of a wealthy real estate developer, Trump attended the Wharton School of the University of Pennsylvania before taking (2) ____ of his family's business. He owned several beauty (3) ____ and ventured into (4) ____ television as well. Expanding the (5) ____ of his ambitions, he

X. Read the passage and choose the correct answer A, B, C or D for each question. Joyce Carol Oates published her first collection of short stories, By The North Gate, in 1963, two years after she had received her master's degree from the University of Wisconsin and become an instructor of English at the University of Detroit. Her productivity since then has been prodigious, accumulating in less than two decades to nearly thirty titles, including novels, collections of short stories and verse, play and literary criticism. In the meantime, she has continued to teach, moving in 1967 from the University of Detroit to the University of Windsor, in Ontario, and, in 1978, to Princeton University Reviewers have admired her enormous energy, but find a productivity of such magnitude difficult to assess. In a period characterized by the abandonment of so much of the realistic tradition by authors such as John Barth, Donald Barthelme, and Thomas Pynchon, Joyce Carol Oates has seemed at times determinedly old-fashioned in her insistence on the essentially mimetic quality other fiction. Hers is a world of violence, insanity, Fractured love, and hopeless loneliness.

Although some of it appears to come from her own direct observations, her dreams, and her fears, much more is clearly from the experiences of others. Her first novel With Shuddering Fall (1964), dealt with stock car racing, though she had never seen a race. In Them (1969) she focused on Detroit from the Depression through the riots of 1967, drawing much of her material

7. Which of the following would Joyce Carol Oates be most likely to write? A. A romance novel set in the nineteenth century

B. A story with an unhappy

ending C. A dialogue for a talk show

D. A science fiction novel

from the deep impression made on her by the problems of one of her students. Whatever the source and however shocking the events or the motivations, however, her fictive world remains

XI. Read the passage, and choose the correct answer A, B, C or D for each question.

strikingly akin to that real one reflected in the daily newspapers, the television news and talk shows, and popular magazines of our day.

Albert Einstein. His theories of relativity led to entirely new ways of thinking about time, space,

1. What is the main purpose of the passage?

matter, energy and gravity. Einstein's work led to such scientific advances as the control of

A. To review Oates' By the North Gate

B. To compare some modern writers

C. To outline Oates career

D. To describe Oates' childhood

2. Which of the following does the passage indicate about Joyce Carol Oates' first publication?

Any list of the greatest thinkers in history contains the name of the brilliant physicist

atomic energy, even television as a practical application of Einstein's work. In 1902 Einstein became an examiner in the Swiss patent office at Bern. In 1905, at age 26, he published the first of five major research papers. The first one provided a theory explaining Brownian movement, the zig-zag motion of microscopic particles in suspension. The

A. It was not successful

B. It was a volume of short fiction

second paper laid the foundation for the photon, or quantum, theory of light. In it he proposed

C. It was part of her master's thesis.

D. It was about an English instructor in

that light is composed of separate packets of energy, called quanta or photons, that have some of

Detroit 3. Which of the following does the passage suggest about Joyce Carol Oates in terms of her writing career?

the properties of particles and some of the properties of waves. A third paper contained the "special theory of relativity" which showed that time and motion are relative to the observer, if the speed of light is constant and the natural laws are the same everywhere in the universe. The fourth paper was a mathematical addition to the special theory of relativity. Here Einstein

A. Most of her work is based on personal experience.

presented his famous formula, E = m(cc), known as the energy mass equivalence. In 1916,

B. Her style is imitative of other contemporary authors.

Einstein published his general theory of relativity. In it he proposed that gravity is not a force,

C. She has produced a surprising amount of fictions in a relative short time.

but a curve in the space-time continuum, created by the presence of mass. Einstein spoke out frequently against nationalism, the exalting of one nation above all

D. She has experienced long nonproductive periods in her writing.

others. He opposed war and violence and supported Zionism, the movement to establish a Jewish homeland in Palestine. When the Nazis came to power in 1933, they denounced his ideas. He

4. The word "fictive" in the passage is closest in meaning to ____. A. imaginary

B. attractive

C. helpful

D. impressive

A. Loneliness

B. Racing

C. Teaching

6. Why does the author mention Oates' book Them? A. It is her best piece of nonfiction B. It is an autobiography C. It is a typical novel of the 1960's. D. It is a fictional work based on another person's experiences.

then moved to the United States. In 1939 Einstein learned that two German chemists had split the uranium atom. Einstein wrote to President Franklind. Roosevelt warning him that this scientific

5. What was the subject of Joyce Carol Oates' first novel? D. Insanity

knowledge could lead to Germany developing an atomic bomb. He suggested the United States begin its own atomic bomb research. 1. According to the passage I, Einstein's primary work was in the area of ____. A. chemistry

B. biology

C. physics

D. math

2. Which of the following inventions is mentioned in the passage as a practical application of Einstein's discoveries? A. Radio

B. Television

C. Automobiles

D. Computer

3. According to the passage, Einstein supported all of the following except ____.

3. "How beautiful is the dress you have just bought!" Peter said to Mary.

A. nationalism

A. Peter promised to buy Mary a beautiful dress.

B. the establishment of a Jewish homeland in Palestine

B. Peter said thanks to Mary for her beautiful dress.

C. atomic bomb research in the United States

C. Peter asked Mary how she had just bought her beautiful dress.

D. the defeat of the Nazis

D. Peter complimented Mary on her beautiful dress.

4. According to the passage in which country did Einstein live in 1930s? A. Switzerland

B. the United States C. Germany

4. Those who are riding a motorbike are not allowed to take off their helmet. D. Israel

5. The word "exalting" in the passage is closest in meaning to ____. A. criticism

B. elimination

C. support

A. People must never take their helmet off while they are riding a motorbike. B. Those who are wearing a helmet are not allowed to ride a motorbike.

D. elevation

6. It is clear from the tone of the passage that the author feels ____.

C. It is the helmet that one needn't wear when he is riding a motorbike. D. You should not wear a helmet when you are riding a motorbike.

A. Einstein's work in physics was somewhat tarnished by his conservative political

XIII. Indicate the sentence that best combines each pair of the following sentences.

views.

1. The soccer team knew they lost the match. They soon started to blame each other.

B. Einstein's work in physics, though theoretically impressive, led to few practical applications.

A. Not only did the soccer team lose the match but they blamed each other as well.

C. Albert Einstein was one of the most brilliant thinkers in history.

match.

D. Einstein's theories have been consistently proven incorrect.

C. As soon as they blamed each other, the soccer team knew they lost the match.

7. According to Einstein, light is composed of separate packets of energy called ____. A. electrons

B. photoelectrons

C. gamma rays

D. quanta

B. No sooner had the soccer team started to blame each other than they knew they lost the

D. Hardly had the soccer team known they lost the match when they started to blame each other.

XII. Indicate the sentence that is closest in meaning to each of the following questions.

2. We have been friends for years. It is quite easy to share secrets between us.

1. Even if the job market is not stable, those who persist will be able to land jobs eventually.

A. Being friends for years, we find it quite easy to share secrets.

A. When it's hard to find a job, jobs on land are even harder.

B. We find it quite easy to share secrets, being friends for years.

B. Patient people will secure jobs even in an instable job market.

C. We have been friends so that it is quite easy to share secrets between us.

C. Only persistent job seekers can find jobs.

D. Having been friends for years, we find it quite easy to share secrets between us.

D. In land jobs are only available to persistent jobs applicants. 2. Only their own mother can tell Simon and Mike apart.

3. The government knows the extent of the problem. The government needs to take action soon. A. Knowing the extent of the problem, the government needs to take action soon.

A. No one other than their own mother can separate Simon and Mike.

B. The government knows the extent of the problem whereas it needs to take action soon.

B. Simon and Mike bear some resemblance to each other.

C. The government knows the extent of the problem so that it needs to take action soon.

C. It's very difficult to distinguish Simon and Mike. D. Except for their own mother, no one can talk to Simon and Mike.

D. The government knows the extent of the problem or else it needs to take action soon. 4. He didn't notice anything. We might have been in trouble otherwise.

A. If he noticed anything, we would be in trouble.

- unemployment /ˌʌnɪmˈplɔɪmənt/ (n): sự thất nghiệp

B. If he hadn't noticed anything, we couldn't have been in trouble.

- densely heavily polluted: ô nhiễm nặng

C. If he had noticed anything, we could have been in trouble.

- thinly sparsely polluted: ô nhiễm nhẹ

D. If he noticed anything, we could have been in trouble.

- long-term /'lɒŋtɜ:m/ (adj): dài hạn - short-term /ʃɔ:t-tɜ:m/ (adj): ngắn hạn - foreign direct investment (FDI) /'fɒrɪn dɪ'rɛkt ɪn'vɛstmənt/ (n): đầu tư trực tiếp nước ngoài

Unit 2. URBANIZATION - KEY PART 1: VOCABULARY AND GRAMMAR REVIEW

- exacerbate /ɛks'æsə(:)beɪt (v): làm trầm trọng - relocate /ri:ləʊ'keɪt/ (v): di chuyển tới, xây dựng lại

A. VOCABULARY

- inflow /'ɪnfləʊ/ (v): chảy vào

- industrialization /ɪnˌdʌstriələˈzeɪʃən/ (n.): sự công nghiệp hóa

- adverse /'ædvɜ:s/ (adj): tiêu cực

- accelerate /əkˈseləreɪt/ (v): làm gia tăng, tăng tốc

- amenity /ə'mi:nəti/ (n): đầy đủ tiện nghi

- in anticipation of something: để dành cho, để đề phòng, lường trước

- sustainable development /səs'teɪnəbl dɪ'vɛləpmənt/ (n): phát triển bền vững

- urbanization /ˌɜːbənaɪˈzeɪʃən/ (n.): sự đô thị hóa

- instability /ˌɪnstə'bɪlɪti/ (n): tính không ổn định, không kiên định

- pressurize /ˈpreʃəraɪz/ (v): nén, gây áp lực

- housing development /dɪ'vel.əp.mənt/ (n.): sự phát triển nhà ở

- result in (v) = bring about, cause: gây ra, dẫn đến

- fatality or mortality rate /fə'tæl.ə.ti/; /mɔ: 'tæl.ə.ti/ (n.): tỷ lệ tử vong

- sanitation /ˌsænɪˈteɪʃn/ (n.): điều kiện vệ sinh

Ex: During his tenure, the fatality rate rose up to 150%.

- irrigation /ˌɪrɪˈgeɪʃən (n): sự tưới tiêu

- multicultural /ˌmʌlti'kʌltʃərəl/ (adj.): đa văn hóa.

- slum /slʌm/ (n): khu nhà ổ chuột

- overpopulated /ˌəʊvə'pɒpjuleɪtɪd/ (adj.): quá đông dân

- insufficient /ˈɪnsəˈfɪʃənt/ (adj): không đủ, thiếu

- population density /'densəti/ (n.): mật độ dân số

- wastewater /weɪstˌwɔ:tə/ (n): nước bẩn

Ex: The population density of Vietnam is quite high compared to the average.

- infrastructure /ˈɪnfrəˌstrʌktʃə/ (n): cơ sở hạ tầng

- Confront with something = face, come up against something: đối mặt, chạm trán với cái gì

- facilities /fəˈsɪlɪtiz/ (n): phương thức, phương tiện

- in hopes of V-ing: trong hi vọng làm gì

- migrate /maɪˈɡreɪt/ (v): di trú, di cư

Ex: The fox tried in hopes of reaching the grapes, but it was all in vain.

- immigrate /ˈɪmɪgreɪt/ (v): nhập cư

- take advantage of something /əd'væn.t̬ɪdʒ/= make use of something: tận dụng, lấy ưu thế từ cái

- immigrant /ˈɪmɪgrənt/ (n): dân nhập cư

gì

- management capacity /ˈmænɪdʒmənt kəˈpæsɪti/ (n): năng lực quản lý

- strain /streɪn/ (n.): gánh nặng, áp lực

- urbanization process /ɜ:b(ə)naɪˈzeɪʃ(ə)n ˈprəʊsɛs/ (n): quá trình đô thị hóa

B. GRAMMAR REVIEW

- deeply-rooted /ˈdi:pli- ˈru:tɪd/ (adj): ăn sâu, bám rễ

I. CÂU GIẢ ĐỊNH (Subjunctive)

Câu giả định hay còn gọi là câu cầu khiến là loại câu mà đối tượng thứ nhất muốn đối tượng thứ hai làm một việc gì nhưng không mang tính ép buộc như câu mệnh lệnh. Trong câu giả định,

• It is essential that pollution be controlled and eventually eliminated. → It is essential for pollution to be controlled and eventually eliminated.

người ta dùng dạng nguyên thể không có TO của động từ sau một số động từ chính mang tính

• It is vital that no one else know about the secret government operation.

cầu khiến. THAT phải luôn xuất hiện trong dạng câu này.

→ It is vital for no one else to know about the secret government operation.

Subject + Verb (any tense) + that + subject + (should) + verb fin simple form] 1. Những động từ và danh từ thường được theo sau bởi Subjunctive là: advise v.

advice n.

command v.

command n.

demand v.

demand n.

suggest v.

suggestion n.

prefer v.

preference n.

recommend v.

recommendation n.

require

requirement n.

decree v.

decree n.

order v.

order n.

request v.

request n.

ask v. insist v. propose v. Ex:

insistence n. proposal n.

urge v.

urgency n.

His parents insisted that he (should) find a job and settle down in a big city.

3. Dùng với một số trường hợp khác • Câu giả định còn dùng được trong một số câu cảm thán, thường bao hàm các thế lực siêu nhiên. Ex:

God be with you! = Good bye (Khi chia tay nhau.) Curse this frog! (Chết tiệt con cóc này?) • Dùng với một số thành ngữ: - Come what may: Dù có chuyện gì đi nữa. Ex:

Come what may we will stand by you.

- If need be: Nếu cần Ex:

It is recommended that people (should take regular exercise.

God save the queen! (Chúa phù hộ cho nữ hoàng.)

If need be we can take another road.

• Dùng với “if this be” trong trường hợp muốn nêu ra một giả định từ phía người nói nhưng

She demanded that I should tell her the truth.

không thật chắc chắn lắm về khả năng.

The recommendation that all people affected by the storm (should) be evacuated immediately was approved.

Ex:

If this be prevent right, you would be considered innocent.

4. Câu giả định dung với it is time

2. Những tính từ thường được theo sau bởi Subjunctive là: advisable

urgent

imperative

essential

necessary

obligatory

vital

fundamental

important

mandatory

crucial

desirable

It is time + (for smb) to do sth: Đã đến lúc ai đó phải làm gì (thời gian không giả định) Ex:

It is time for me to get to the airport (just in time). It is time/ high time/ about time + subject + simple past

It + be (any tense) + adjective + that + subject + verb [in simple form] Ex:

(Đã đến lúc – giả định thời gian đến trễ một chút)

It is necessary that everyone be here on time. It is essential that pollution be controlled and eventually eliminated. It is vital that no one else know about the secret government operation.

Nhận xét: Hight/ about được dùng trước time để thêm vào ý nhấn mạnh. Ex:

It’s high time I left for the airport. = (It is a little bit late). PART 2: PRACTICE

Lưu ý: Nếu bỏ THAT trong công thức trên thì: It be adj for somebody to Vinf. • It is necessary that everyone be here on time. → It is necessary for everyone to be here on time.

A. PHONETICS I. Find the word which has a different sound in the part underlined. 1. A. prestige

B. connect

C. harvest

D. congestion

2. A. housing

B. crisis

C. cost

D. custom

____urbanization_____ process. URBAN

3. A. navigate

B. necessitate

C. inadequate

D. debate

2. There has been a rapid _______migration_______ of rural people to urban areas for jobs and

4. A. muzzle

B. lizard

C. pizza

D. puzzle

better

5. A. bargain

B. campaign

C. ascertain

D. complain

living. MIGRATE

II. Choose the word which has a different stress pattern from the others.

3. Urbanization promotes foreign direct ____investment___ which in turn helps in improving the foreign exchange reserves of the country. INVEST

1. A. decrease

B. facilitate

C. fluctuate

D. ensure

2. A. propose

B. summarize

C. centralize

D. illustrate

3. A. transformation B. urbanization

C. revolution

D. population

to preferential loans. EFFECT

4. A. agricultural

B. unemployed

C. sustainable

D. economic

5. Several international organizations want to invest in social _____housing_____

5. A. miserable

B. infrastructure

C. amenity

D. necessary

development for the youth in Vietnam. HOUSE

4. The support policies for social housing development in Vietnam remained ____ineffective____ as only a few people were lucky enough to be able to get access

B. VOCABULARY AND GRAMMAR

6. At the moment, finding solutions for ____sustainable___ urban development is one

I. Choose the correct words in the box to complete the sentences.

of Vietnam's current top priorities. SUSTAIN

metropolis

relatively

ticking

density

ranking slums

7. Urban ____dwellers___ must rely on the rural hinterland for agricultural production. DWELL

productivity

urbanization

1. The ______ density ________ of population is quite high in urban areas. 2. Rich countries, despite having solved all their basic needs, experience a similar accumulation of social pressure as if it was a _____ ticking _____ time bomb. 3. If Nigeria's population continues to grow and people move to cities at the same rate as now, Lagos could become the world's largest _____ metropolis _____, home to 85 or 100 million people.

8. As the world continues to ____urbanize___, sustainable development depends increasingly on the successful management of urban growth. URBAN 9. A city that grows without these structures in place is at high risk for poverty and ____instability____. STABLE 10. The disease is common in developing countries lacking adequate sewage and sanitation ____facilities______. FACILITATE

4. Nearly half of the world's 3.9 billion urban dwellers reside in ______ relatively _____

11. Some people worry that the city has become ____overpopulated____. POPULATE

small settlements with fewer than 500,000 inhabitants.

12. Since the number of people aspiring for jobs is more than jobs

5. With nearly 38 million people, Tokyo tops UN's _____ ranking ______ of most populous

available, ___unemployment___ is a natural outcome of situation. EMPLOY

cities followed by Delhi, Shanghai, Mexico City, São Paulo and Mumbai.

III. Choose the best answer to complete each of the following sentences.

6. ______ slums _______ are urban areas that are heavily populated with substandard housing

1. Linda insisted that the newly-born baby ____ after her husband's father.

and very poor living conditions. II. Give the correct form of the words in the following sentences. 1. Since the renovation policy launched in 1986, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam, has experienced the fastest

A. could be named

B. be named

C. must be named

D. ought to be named

2. It was such a beautiful evening that one of us suggested we ____ the meeting outside. A. could have

B. had

C. might have

D. have

3. I requested that first-year students ____ to change their courses in the first two weeks.

A. would be permitted permitted

B. be permitted

C. were permitted

D. are

4. His advisor recommended that he ____ at least three courses each semester A. takes

B. can take

C. should take

B. speak

C. would speak

B. remembering

C. to remember

B. to read

C. read

B. be repaired

C. repair

A. include

B. focus

C. focusing

D. remembers

D. reads

D. to repair

D. focused

10. The monk insisted that the tourists ____ the temple until they had removed their shoes. A. not entering

B. not to enter

C. not enter

D. don't enter

IV. Choose the correct answer that best completes each of the following sentences. 1. Due to industrialization, many changes were ____ in people's daily lives. A. kept

B. got

C. maintained

D. made

2. Urbanization is happening at such a brisk rate that the government is planning entire new cities in ____ of large new urban populations. A. expectation

B. anticipation

D. view

3. The rapid ____ of rural population to urban places give rise to housing problem and thus slums are developed in these places. A. increase

B. rushes

C. inflows

D. poverty

4. The increase in population in urban places ____ water and sanitation facilities, which results ____ environmental pollution and health hazards. A. destroys - from

B. breaks - into

A. breakout

C. pressurizes - in

C. take

D. oppose

D. decreases - on

B. outbreaks

C. out breakings

D. breaking outs

8. Access to education, health, social services and cultural activities is more ____ available to people in cities than in villages. A. readily

B. willingly

C. extremely

D. comparatively

9. The public authority of Ho Chi Minh City is going to be ____ problems of urban planning and management. A. come up with

B. addressed with

C. contented with

D. got into

10. Vietnam is facing numerous challenges caused by rapid urbanization, leaving burdens on its technical and social ____. A. appliance

B. facilities

C. equipment

D. infrastructure

11. Vietnam needs to ____ its urbanization opportunities to become a middle income country. A. get

B. seize

C. make use

D. exploit

12. Drastic measures to boost housing development should be ____ to prevent properly market ____ becoming a boom. A. initiated - from

C. danger

B. engage

of epidemics.

9. It's vital that the United States ____ on improving its public education system. A. focuses

D. heavily

7. Due to dumping of sewage from factories in water bodies, water pollution often results ____

8. Mrs. Smith demanded that the heater ____ immediately. Her apartment was freezing. A. repaired

C. crowdedly

D. speaks

7. I suggest that Frank ____ the instructions carefully before playing that game. A. reading

B. thickly

6. Unemployment and poverty force people to ____ in anti-social activities.

6. It's important that they ____ to take her medicine twice a day. A. remember

A. thinly

D. would take

5. It is important that he ____ to the director of the programme. A. should speak

5. Slums are urban areas that are ____ populated with substandard housing and very poor living conditions.

B. launched - for

C. complemented - against

D. conducted -

to 13. The support policies for social housing development in Vietnam remained ineffective as only a few people were lucky enough to get ____ to preferential loans. A. entrance

B. method

C. access

D. approach

14. Although the UK is an urban society, more and more people are choosing to ____ to the countryside. A. distribute

B. relocate

C. apply

D. reach

15. In the absence of adequate medical services, congestion and poor sanitation in big cities may cause health ____.

A. danger

B. disadvantages

C. demerits

D. hazards

16. The United Nations estimates that 1.1 billion people have no access to fresh water and 2.4 billion lack access to adequate ____. A. sanitation

B. facilities

C. equipment

D. congestion

17. In order to deal with problems including waste and water treatment and public transportation, developing smart cities will be the ____ such challenges. B. key to meeting

C. approach to obtaining

D. remedy for getting into

and agriculture by 2020. C. advantage

D. discrimination

increasing commuting time and pollution B. independence

D. lean

D. not been standing

21. They hope to ____ a cure for the disease. A. catch up on

B. come up with

C. fill up with

D. go out with

22. Although it was more than an hour late, the superstar finally showed up and ____ the B. held

C. paid

D. took

B. no need

C. no purpose

D. unnecessary

24. Overpopulation in urban areas tends to create unfavorable conditions, which may result in ____ of food in developing countries, A. damages

B. failures

D. supplies

B. furthermore

C. however

D. moreover

V. Indicate the word(s) CLOSEST in meaning to the underlined word(s) in each of the following questions.

D. aggravated

B. proportion

C. rate

D. pace

B. facilities

C. resource

D. place

5. India is facing a house shortage in urban areas at the moment and more housing would be required in order to meet future demand. B. introduce

C. fulfill

D. stumble

6. A smart sustainable city will meet the needs of present and future generations with respect to A. in addition to

B. according to

C. with regard to

D. with a view to

7. As cities grew more crowded, and often more impoverished and costly, more and more people began to migrate back out of them. A. well-off

A. stimulates

A. humble

B. rich

C. penniless

D. fertile

B. prevents

C. varies

D. descends

B. lowly

C. diminished

D. uplifted

10. Urban development can magnify the risk of environmental hazards such as flash flooding. A. understate

C. shortage

25. Urbanization can bring social health and benefit; ____, it also has its drawback. A. by the way

C. reduced

9. Automobile exhaust produces elevated lead levels in urban air.

23. Don't worry. We're in good time; there's ____ to hurry. A. impossible

B. decreased

8. Urbanization spurs a unique set of issues to both humans and animals.

attention of the audience, A. grabbed

D. preferential

economic, social and environmental aspects.

20. It is impolite that you ____ there when he gets off the plane. B. been not standing C. not be standing

C. advantageous

known for poor sanitation, lack of health facilities and basic amenities.

A. encounter C. reliance

B. favorable

4. Low-income dwellers are generally living in older areas of modern cities, which are well A. aid

B. priority

19. There is a heavy ____ on private transport that has led to the congestion of roads and

A. be not standing

A. added

A. variety

18. The government of Vietnam has given ____ to developing the digital industry, smart tourism,

A. base

A. negative

2. The quality of urban water bodies is increasingly exacerbated by a huge volume of untreated industrial and domestic wastewater.

3. A city that grows too quickly can also experience an array of environmental issues.

A. means of coping with

A. preference

1. Urbanization brings with it several consequences - both adverse and beneficial.

B. minimize

C. exaggerate

D. reduce

VI. Indicate the word(s) OPPOSITE in meaning to the underlined word(s) in each of the following questions. 1. Urbanization has many adverse effects on the structure of society as gigantic concentrations of people compete for limited resources. A. favorable

B. disadvantageous

C. unlucky

D. unpropitious

2. The absence of effective and representative government exacerbates urban environmental health problems. A. aggravate

B. heighten

C. reduce

D. magnify

3. Most of the world's largest cities are considerably smaller by the year 2000 than had been expected. A. substantially

C. significantly

D. greatly

to the most intangible desires. B. invisible

D. clear

invariably less than 1:10. C. habitually

D. dependably

B. firm

C. steady

D. substantial

7. His decision had been made on the spur of the moment. A. all of a sudden

B. out of the blue

C. unexpectedly

D. predictably

8. Unregulated, unplanned urban sprawl is often the cheapest option in the short run - but the long-run costs to society, the economy and the environment can be dire. A. positive

B. terrible

C. dreadful

D. distressing

9. The police finally arrested the notorious criminal. A. respectable

B. serious

C. infamous

D. many

B. must

C. with

D. soon

and help cities designs policies and practices to prepare for the influx. B. on

C. designs

D. practices

VIII. Indicate the correct response to each of the following exchanges. 1. Liz is telling Andrew about her first novel.

B. unplanned

C. extensive

A. It's my pleasure.

B. Congratulations!

C. Better luck next time!

D. It's very kind of you.

2. Mrs. Smith and her students are visiting the zoo. Mike. "Can I feed the gorilla, Mrs. Smith?" – Mrs. Smith. “____. The sign says 'No feeding the animals'.” A. Of course you can

B. I don't think it works.

C. I'm sure about that.

D. I'm afraid not

3. Hung was invited to Hoa's party. He wants to thank her for the lovely party. Hung: "Thank you very much for a lovely party." – Hoa: “____”

D. gentle

10. The indiscriminate use of pesticides has wiped out many rare species. A. uncritical

C. moving

Liz. "Guess what? My first novel has just been published.” – Andrew. “____” B. regularly

6. Many people move to urban areas seeking for job opportunity as well as stable employment. A. temporary

B. real

5. The concentration of population may help to minimize our environmental impact on the planet A. concentration

C. indefinable

5. The proportion between public and private space in such spontaneous urbanization is A. never

A. is

4. To accommodate the fastly growing population, the government must come up with a solution soon. A. fastly

B. slightly

4. Cities are like magnets, with the potential to take care of everything from the most basic needs A. impalpable

3. The green belt is also getting real dense due to people moving out of the city too many.

D. methodical

A. Thanks. Cheers.

B. Have a good day!

C. You are welcome.

4. Tom: "I'm sorry, I won't be able to come". - Mary: “____.”

VII. Choose the word or phrase among A, B, C or D that needs correction.

A. Great!

B. Oh, that's annoying

1. Government should be used national resources in a more efficient way in order to meet the needs of growing populations.

C. Well, never mind

D. Sounds likes fun

A. be used

B. more efficient

C. in order to

D. needs

2. Because of urbanization continues, not only the infrastructure for health but also other social services in cities need improving. A. Because of

B. not only

C. but also

D. need improving

5. Tom: "Can you make it at 3 p.m on Friday for our meeting?" - Tony: “____” A. OK, that's fine. days ago.

B. That's not true. I met him three

C. Very well, thanks. think so.

D. You have a point there, but I don't

6. Student: "Could you help me to fax this report?" - Librarian: “____’

(6) ____ environmentally ___ -friendly areas to be tested.

A. Sorry I have no idea.

B. It's very kind of you to say so.

II. Choose the word or phrase among A, B, C or D that best fits the blank space in the

C. What rubbish! I don't think it's helpful.

D. Certainly. What's the fax number?

following passage. SUSTAINABLE CITIES: A CLEANER FUTURE

7. John was in Hanoi and wanted to send a parcel to his parents. He asked a local passer-by the way to the post-office. Choose the most suitable response to fill in the blank in the following

For the past few decades, there has been an urbanization trend around the world, where

exchange.

more and more people are moving to cities. Since 2009, the UN Habitat (1) ____ that over 3

- John: "Can you show me the way to the nearest post office, please?" - Passer-by: “____”

million people are moving into cities every week. Urban areas have been an attractive destination for migrants in (2) ____ of finding a better job and a higher (3) ____ living.

A. Not way, sorry.

B. Just round the corner over there.

C. Look it up in a dictionary!

D. There's no traffic near here.

8. Lora has just bought a new skirt that she likes very much. Choose the most suitable response

While migrants contribute (4) ____ to the economies of cities, ever-increasing populations raise issues of congestion, (5) ____ of resources, and increased (6) ____ on waste

to fill in the blank in the following exchange.

management infrastructure, healthcare, and education. By 2050, it is estimated that 70% of the world's population will live in cities which makes the concept of Sustainable Cities an efficient

- Jane: "You look great in that red skirt, Lora!" - Lora: “____”

(7) ____ the growing population.

A. No, I don't think so. C. Thanks I bought it at Macy's.

B. Oh, you don't like it, do you?

(8) ____, Sustainable Cities have an essential role in the urbanization trend to improve

D. Thanks, my mum bought it.

residents lives by (9) ____ environmental initiatives and projects such as limiting CO2 gas emissions in the air, using renewable energy sources, or bringing awareness to environmental

C. READING I. Choose the word or phrase from the box that best fits the blank space in the

issues. With outdoor pollution killing over 3 million lives yearly, (10) ____ in cities, it is evident that urbanization can increase the environmental (11) ____ upon cities. Many cities around the

following passage.

world have redesigned their city planning strategies and commenced initiatives (12) ____ these

especially

relies

which

infrastructure

transform

environmentally

issues directly. 1. A. estimates

B. expects

C. claims

D. counts

2. A. anticipation

B. hopes

C. view

D. possession

3. A. reason for

B. tax of

C. standard of

D. cost of

4. A. virtually

B. practically

C. immensely

D. annually

5. A. distribution

B. collection

C. reputation

D. solution

6. A garbage

B. pressure

C. demand

D. dependence

7. A. reaction to

B. resolution to

C. answer to

D. approach to

Masdar City in the United Arab Emirates, aims to become a model for other cities to follow. It is

8. A. Therefore

B. Moreover

C. As regards

D. However

being known as a truly green city that (4) ____ relies ____ strictly on renewable sources such as

9. A. focusing on

B. depending on

C. developing on

D. putting on

solar energy to provide all of its energy needs. In addition, it will be a zero waste city in (5) _____ which _______ everything that is used can be recycled. Whether it will truly accomplish

10. A. the most

B. almost

C. equally

D. mostly

its goal remains to be seen, but it will also act as an experiment for

11. A. affect

B. cause

C. effect

D. drawback

CITIES GOING GREEN As more and more people concentrate in cities, planners are looking for ways to (1) ___ transform ___ cities into better living spaces. This can be done by improving existing (2) ___ infrastructure ____ while also creating more public spaces that are both beautiful and green. This can be hard to accomplish, (3) __especially_ in cities with a haphazard fashion. Some cities have been created with the idea of a green city as the goal. One such city,

12. A. to accept

B. to assault

C. to improve

D. to target

III. Choose the word or phrase among A, B, C or D that best fits the blank space in

Roofs covered in living plants were used in ancient Mesopotamia for aesthetic purposes (the famed Hanging Garden of Babilon), in Viking settlements, and on the American Great

the following passage.

Plains for basic shelter and insulation (sod houses). The green roof as we know it, however, is a

burdens

than

proportion

for

enjoy

grounds

stagnant

likely

with

prospects

AN UNCERTAIN URBAN FUTURE

relatively recent creation. The first modern green roof was developed in Germany during the late 1960s and early 1970s. Their man function was to slow water drainage that was straining stormsewer systems in urban areas where natural vegetation was scare. The idea subsequently spread through Europe and made a few inroads into some American cities.

Most publications discussing urban change predict that the world will continue to

A wide range of environment benefits can result from the adoption of green roof.

urbanise far into the future. Such projections should be viewed (1) _____ with ____ caution. A

Preliminary research suggests that living roofs help clean polluted urban air. For example, grass

steady increase in urbanisation among low income nations is (2) ____ likely ___ to occur only if they also have steadily growing economies. While we should hope that lower income nations

acts as a natural air filter, removing each day 0.2 kilograms of airborne particulates from the air

achieve more buoyant economies, the current

per square meter of grass-covered surface. By converting carbon dioxide (CO2) into oxygen through photosynthesis, plants also help limit the build-up of year to meet the annual oxygen

(3) ____ prospects ___ for most of them are hardly encouraging, with political instability, civil

requirement of an average human being.

war, and large debt (4) ____ burdens _____. There are also (5) _____ grounds ____ for doubting whether a large (6) ___ proportion ____ of the world's population will ever live in very large cities. In (7) ____ stagnant _____ economies, urbanisation levels do not increase much. In successful economies much new investment is going to small or medium sized cities. In regions with advanced transport and communications systems, rural inhabitants and enterprises can (8) __ enjoy ___ standards of infrastructure and services and access to information that historically have been available only in urban areas. Thus, both low and high income nations may have smaller (9) ___than___ expected increases in the populations of their cities, although (10) ____for____ very different reasons. IV. Read the passage, and choose the correct answer A, B, C or D for each question.

Rooftop green space in cities also helps mitigate what scientists call the urban heat island effect. Structure surfaced with conventional building material-paved roads and black rooftops, fox example- absorb-solar radiation and release it into the near surface environment in the form of heat. The effect is to raise the air temperature in a big city by up to 5°C over the temperature in the surrounding countryside. Using mathematical models, a Canadian research team found that if only 5 percent of the roof area of Toronto had green roofs, air temperature would be reduced by 1°C to 2°C Celsius. Green roofs save money through energy and resource conservation. Studies done in Germany, where an estimated 10 percent of all roofs today are green, suggest that green roofs last two or three times longer than conventional roofs. The long service life of a green roof means that fewer resources and less energy will be expended in roof replacement.

LIVING ROOFTOPS

Green roofs also save money by lowering the cost of interior heating and cooling One study found that an average building with a green roof requires 25 percent less cooling in

Creative urban planners continually seek new ways to make cities more satisfying places to live. One versatile tool in this pursuit is the "green roof" which draw from fundamental

commercial facility in Germany with a green roof save enough money in three years through lower heating and cooling costs, since additional cooling tower had become unnecessary. As

precepts in architectural design, horticulture, and urban development. At its most basis, a green roof system transforms a conventional roof into a living roof by adding a waterproof membrane.

energy costs increase, the tenants of buildings with green roofs will undoubtedly reap additional

The membrane is then covered with drainage and filter layers, a growth medium (e.g. soil) and live plant. A green roof can be built on a flat or graded surface, can be thick or thin, and can feature flowering plants. Familiar rooftop garden have plants in pots or planters. A green roof goes further. It is an integral part of a building and one that offers ecological and economic benefits, as well as aesthetic appeal.

savings. A city's livability is as much about the attractiveness of one's surroundings as it is about living costs. The aesthetic benefits of green roofs should not be discounted. Green roofs designed to be parks or gardens can help address a lack of green space in many urban areas. Some are even used for the small-scale, largely recreational production of edible vegetables. All this vegetation naturally attracts songbirds, ducks and other waterfowl, butterflies, and bats.

Especially for those whose windows look out over a city's roofs cape-apartment dwellers, office workers, even patients in high-rise hospitals a green roof can provide a priceless connection with nature and the cycle of seasons. On the whole, living roofs add plants into urban landscapes, making cities more environmentally sound and less stressful, and they do so in a cost-effective manner.

A. are very heavy

B. thrive mostly in warm climates

C. are composed of several layers of material

D. can provide most food a city

A. Replacing one is costly

C. Resources needed to build them are now scare. D. They have a service life of less than ten years.

A. made large

2. The word "one" in the passage refers to ____. A. a pot or planter

B. apart of a building

C. an environmental benefit

D. a green roof

3. According to paragraph 2, all of the following are true about modern green roofs EXCEPT ____. A. they were initially developed in Germany

B. they were designed to slow water

drainage

B. used up

C. asked for

D. found out

10. In paragraph 6, why does the author mention the case of the commercial facility? A. To illustrate the high cost of buying a green roof B. To show that businesses have expenses homeowners don't have C. To give one case in which green roofs produce energy D. To support the claim that green roofs can reduce costs D.WRITING

C. they were used in Viking settlements cities

D. they are found in a few American

B. container

C. cooler

1. In the end, I felt I had been right about leaving him, we were just not suitable for each other. D. cleaner

5. According to paragraph 3, carbon dioxide is ____. B. an environmental benefit

C. something a green roof can help control make

D. something a green roof can help

intruder. The angry widow threatened to call the police if the bold intruder didn’t get out of her house.

6. The word "mitigate" in the passage is closet in meaning to _____. C. prevent

3. I only missed him when he left me for that girl. D. weaken

7. According to paragraph 4, temperatures in urban areas tend to be higher than in the surrounding countryside because ____. A. cities are more crowded

I had no regrets about leaving him, we were just not suitable for each other. 2. "Get the hell out of my house now or I'll call the police!" said the angry widow to the bold

A. an airborne particulate

B. cause

I. Rewrite the following sentences so that the second ones have the same meaning as the given sentence.

4. The word "filter" in the passage is closet in meaning to ____.

create heat

8. What can be inferred from paragraph 5 about conventional roofs?

9. The word "expended" in the passage is closet meaning to ____.

needs

A intensify

D. commonly used building

B. They are one type of living roof.

1. According to paragraph 1, green roofs.

A. producer

C. green roof in rural areas absorb heat materials retain heat

B. vehicles moving on paved roads

Not until he had left me for that girl did I miss him. 4. I had just taken off my dirty clothes to go to bath when someone knocked at the door. No sooner had I taken off my dirty clothes to go to bath than someone knocked at the door. II. Rewrite the following sentences so that the second ones have the same meaning as the given sentence.

1. Although she was not very good-looking, the prince loved her at the very first sight. Despite her not being very good-looking/ her not very good-looking appearance, the prince loved her at the very first sight.

2. Due to dumping of sewage from factories in water bodies, water pollution often results in ___ outbreaks ____ of epidemics. 3. The support policies for social housing development in Vietnam remained ____ ineffective ___ as only a few people were lucky enough to be able to get access to preferential loans.

2. "Hey, what's that book you're addicted to these days?" Jane asked Jim.

4. There is a heavy reliance on private transport that has led to the ____ congestion ____ of

Jane asked Jim what the book he was addicted to those days was.

roads and increasing commuting time and pollution.

3. You'd better start revising from now on or you won't pass the exam.

5. Urbanization has many _____ adverse _____ effects on the structure of society as outbreaks concentrations of people compete for limited resources.

It's high time you started revising or you won't pass the exam. 4. It was absolutely wrong of you to leave me stranded in that crowded room full of strangers like that. You should not have left me stranded in that crowded room full of strangers like that. PART 3: TEST YOURSELF

6. The quality of urban water bodies is increasingly worsened by a huge volume of untreated industrial and ____ domestic ______ wastewater. IV. Indicate the word(s) CLOSEST in meaning to the underlined word(s) in each of

I. Find the word which has a different sound in the part underlined.

the following questions.

1. A. established

B. steadily

C. sanitation

D. fluctuate

1. Rapid urban growth has also brought a huge increase in the number of large cities, including

2. A. lasting

B. populated

C. scale

D. migrate

many that have reached sizes that are historically unprecedented. A. remarkable

3. A. infrastructure

B. capture

C. mature

D. nature

4. A. slum

B. result

C. urbanization

D. plumber

5. A. illustrate

B. identify

C. inaccurate

D. agricultural

A. mainly

II. Choose the word which has a different stress pattern from the others. 1. A. conservative

B. progressive

C. down-market

D. multicultural

2. A. habitual

B. obvious

C. dramatic

D. efficient

3. A. resource

B. mindset

C. kidnapping

D. prospect

4. A. sanitation

B. exacerbate

C. phonetician

D. inhabitant

5. A. initiative

B. authority

C. discriminate

D. necessary

anticipation

congestion

outbreaks

domestic

1. Urbanization is happening at such a brisk rate that the government t is planning entire new _____ anticipation _____ of large new urban populations.

D. original

B. usually

C. principally

D. thoroughly

B. approximately

C. impractically

D. almost

4. Distinctions between rural and urban areas are also becoming almost obsolete in and around

ineffective cities in

C. unknown

3. In fact, virtually all local governments are located in urban centers. A. effectively

III. Choose the correct words in the box to complete the sentences. adverse

B. extraordinary

2. Too much recent emphasis has been given to the fact that the world is becoming predominantly urban.

many major cities as economic activity spreads outwards. A. contemporary

B. outdated

C. discarded

D. up to date

5. People in the city of Porto Alegre in Brazil, famous for its participatory budgeting have a life expectancy of 76 years. A. anticipation

B. suspense

C. lifespan

D. hopefulness

6. Bangalore was renowned for its trees, lakes and pleasant air only 25 years ago. A. proverbial

B. notable

C. distinguished

D. famous

V. Indicate the word(s) OPPOSITE in meaning to the underlined word(s) in each of the following questions.

1. This restaurant was highly recommended for good service, delicious food and kind-hearted boss. A. ambitious and greedy

B. attentive and helpful

C. generous and gracious

D. polite and friendly

2. Many people move to urban areas seeking for job opportunity as well as stable employment. A. durable

B. long-lasting

C. steady

D. temporary

3. I propose that we wait until the budget has been announced before committing ourselves to any expenditure. A. approve

C. reject

D. suggest

discrimination is now disappearing. B. injustice

D. equality

5. Without economic security and amid poor living conditions, crime is inevitable. A. assured

A. concerned

B. compulsory

C. inescapable

D. preventable

VI. Indicate the correct answer to complete each of the following questions.

C. with

D. through

B. involving

C. specific

D. particular

7. It is difficult to quantify the ____ that household waste has on the environment. A. affect

B. effort

C. impact

D. implication

8. Rapid urbanization has ____ the management capacity of governments in developing countries. B. diminished

C. got over

D. passed through

9. The quality of urban water bodies is increasingly worsened by a huge ____ of untreated industrial and domestic wastewater. A. quantity

C. partiality

B. on

6. The project was very successful and we would like to thank everyone ____.

A. gone further B. recommend

4. Until 1986 most companies would not even allow women to take the exams, but such gender A. unfairness

A. in

B. plenty

C. number

D. volume

10. He asked reporters to provide him with ____ numbers on urban percentages. A. dated

B. up-to-minute

C. out-of-date

D. up-to-date

11. There has been a rapid migration of ____ people to urban areas for jobs and better living. A. out-skirts

B. country

C. rural

D. suburb

1. ____ improve the urban transport situation in India, new metro rail networks have been

12. Since the renovation policy launched in 1986, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam, ____ the fastest

developed.

urbanization process.

A. In an effort to

B. In addition to

C. In terms of

D. With the aim to

2. The governments find themselves ____ in attempting to boost the economies and simultaneously reach the sustainable development.

A. has experienced

B. experience

C. is experiencing

D. has been

experienced 13. Slums are urban areas that are ____ populated with substandard housing and very poor living

A. in danger

B. on the tip of their tongues

C. on the horns of a dilemma

D. on the nerves

conditions. A. steadily

B. heavily

C. strongly

D. generally

3. Urban areas have been an attractive destination for migrants ____ finding a better job and a

14. Drastic measures to boost housing development ____ to prevent properly market from

higher standard of living.

becoming a boom.

A. in hopes of

B. in view of

C. on grounds of

D. with the aim for

A. should initiate

B. have initiated

C. should be initiated

D. initiating

4. The foreign investors want to take full ____ of the available facilities that our country offers

15. Although the UK is an urban society, more and more people are choosing to ____ to the

them.

countryside. A. use

B. measures

C. actions

D. advantage

5. Strains ____ important natural resources, such as water supply, lead to higher prices and general environmental sustainability problems.

A. relocate

B. illocate

C. unlocate

D. mislocate

16. A smart sustainable city will meet the needs of present and future generations with respect to ____, social and environmental aspects.

A. economy

B. economic

C. economize

D. economizing

17. There are several factors at play that have led to the urbanization in India ____ population growth and migration as one of the 2 major factors. A. led to

B. came to

A. susceptible C. went to

D. stop

18. Anna organized a few games to ____ the ice when the new students first arrived. A. break

B. crack

C. drill

D. melt

19. It is difficult to quantify the ____ that household waste has on the environment. A. affect

B. effort

C. impact

D. implication

20. During the lesson if you have questions or comments, please feel free to ____ them. A. enlarge

B. increase

4. Farm living has always been susceptible to unpredictable environment conditions, and in times of drought, flood or pestilence, survival may become extremely problematic.

C. go up

D. raise

B. the jobless

C. the joblessness

D. the jobs

22. It is necessary that you ____ able to come with us. A. are

to pestilence or climatic disturbances such as floods, yet continues to strongly attract migrants. A. slums of

B. certain

C. climatic disturbances

D. yet

VIII. Choose the word or phrase from the box that best fits the blank space in the following passage. catch up with

drastically

factor

to come

made

expansion

grab

put up

Because of

URBANIZATION IN INDIA Population and economic growth has fostered urbanization in the country and the number of urban towns and cities have (1) ___ drastically ____ increased. This growth is expected to continue in the years (2) ___ to come ____ and India has to step up its game in order to (3) ___ catch up with ___ this

23. Mary demanded that the heater ____ immediately. Her apartment was freezing.

kind of change. Investments have to be (4) ____ made ____ in order to better serve the country.

B. be repaired

C. being

D. problematic

D. to be

A. repaired

B. be

C. pestilence

5. City life, especially in modern urban slums of the developing world, is certain hardly immune

21. The level of urban unemployment and numbers of ____ are high. A. joblessness

B. environment

C. being repaired

D. been repaired

24. The recommendation that she ____ a holiday was carried out. A. has taken

B. take

C. taken

There are several factors at play that have led to the urbanization in India - population growth and migration as one of the 2 major factors. Recently, a third (5) ______ factor ______

D. taking

VII. Choose the word or phrase among A, B, C or D that needs correction.

has been seen as a huge contributor (6) ___to__ the urbanization growth: the (7) __ expansion ___ of towns and cities. This factor is due to the high economic growth that the city has

1. Urbanization is relevant to a range of disciplines, including urban planning geography,

witnessed over the years. (8) ___ Because of ___ this, the government in India has decided to (9) ___ grab ____ the opportunity: projects to further thrust the country into urbanization, a number

sociology, economize and public health.

of smart cities to be (10) ___ put up ____ in various locations, and other initiatives.

A. disciplines

B. geography

C. economize

D. public health

2. Urbanization can be seen as a specific condition at a set time or as an increasing in that condition over time. A. specific

B. as

C. increasing in

D. condition

3. Many people move into cities for the economic opportunities, but this does not fully explain the very high recent urbanization rates in places as China and India. A. move into

B. opportunities

C. very high

D. as

IX. Choose the word or phrase among A, B, C or D that best fits the blank space in the following passage. AN URBANISING WORLD More than two thirds of the world's urban population is now in Africa, Asia and Latin America. Since 1950, the urban population of these regions has grown more than (1) ____. Rapid urban growth has also brought a huge (2) ____ the number of large cities, including many that have (3) ____ sizes that are historically (4) ____. Just two centuries ago, there were only two "million cities" worldwide (that is, cities with one million or more inhabitants) - London and Beijing (Peking). By 1950, there were 80; today there are over 300. Most of these million cities

are in Africa, Asia, and Latin America, and (5) ____ have populations that have grown more than tenfold since 1950. Brasilia, the federal capital of Brazil, did not exist in 1950 and now has

fertilizers, large-scale irrigation and agricultural machinery. This form of production provides enough food to support the high densities of people in metropolitan areas.

more than 2 million inhabitants.

A country's level of poverty can depend greatly on its mix of population density and agricultural productivity. Bangladesh, for example, has one of the world's highest population

"Mega-cities," with ten or more million inhabitants are a new (6) ____. The first city to reach this size was New York in around 1940. There were 12 mega-cities by 1990 (the latest year

densities, with 1,147 persons per sq. km. A large majority of the people of Bangladesh engage in

for which there are (7) ____ accurate statistics as data for 2000 (8) ____ are not available or

low-productivity manual farming, which contributes to the country's extremely high level of

censuses are scheduled for 2001); seven were in Asia, three in Latin America, and two in the United States. In 1800, the average size of the world's 100 largest cities was fewer than 200 000

poverty. Some of the smaller countries in Western Europe, such as the Netherlands and Belgium, have high population densities as well. These countries practice mechanized farming and are

inhabitants but now it is over 5 million. These (9) ____ give the impression of rapid urbanization

involved in high-tech industries, however, and therefore have high standards of living.

that is primarily (10) ____ on large cities. But this is not the case.

At the other end of the spectrum, many countries in sub-Saharan Africa have population

1. A. fivefold

B. five time

C. twices

D. doubles

densities of less than 30 persons per sq. km. Many people in these countries practice manual

2. A. decrease in

B. increase in

C. peaking in

D. fluctuation in

subsistence farming; these countries also have infertile land, and lack the economic resources

3. A. reached

B. lengthened

C. prolonged

D. approached

and technology to boost productivity. As a consequence, these nations are very poor. The United States has both relatively low population density and high agricultural productivity, it is one of

4. A. unsurpassed

B. unrivaled

C. unmatched

D. unprecedented

the world's wealthiest nations.

5. A. the number of

B. many

C. quite a little

D. a great deal of

6. A. event

B. ceremony

C. phenomenon

D. reaction

7. A. roughly

B. generally

C. reasonably

D. relatively

8. A. censuses

B. conveys

C. investigations

D. probation

governments of developing countries often provide little or no support, financial or political, for family planning; even people who wish to keep their families small have difficulty doing so. For

9. A. documents

B. circumstances

C. opinions

D. statistics

all these reasons, developing countries tend to have high rates of population growth.

10. A. based

B. impacted

C. focused

D. depend

1. Which of the following is given a definition in paragraph 1?

X. Read the passage, and choose the correct answer A, B, C or D for each question. Overpopulation, the situation of having large numbers of people with too resources and too little space, is closely associated with poverty. It can result from high population density, or from low amounts of resources, or from both. Excessively high population densities put stress on available resources. Only a certain number of people can be supported on a given area of land, and that number depends on how much food and other resources the land can provide. In countries where people live primarily by means of simple farming, gardening, herding, hunting and gathering, even large areas of land can support only small numbers of people because these labor-intensive subsistence activities produce only small amounts of food. In developed countries such as the United States, Japan and the countries of Western Europe, overpopulation generally is not considered a major cause of poverty. These countries produce large quantities of food through mechanized farming, which depends on commercial

High birth rates contribute to overpopulation in many developing countries. Children are assets to many poor families because they provide labor, usually for farming. Cultural norms in traditionally rural societies commonly sanction the value of large families. Also, the

A. Poverty

B. Simple farming

C. Overpopulation

D. Population density

2. What will suffer when there are excessively high population densities? A. Farming methods B. Skilled labor

C. Land area

D. Available

resources 3. The phrase "that number" in paragraph 1 refers to the number of ____. A. densities

B. countries

C. people

D. resources

4. In certain countries, large areas of land can only yield small amounts of food because ____. A. there is an abundance of resources

B. there is no shortage of skilled

labor C. there is lack of mechanization laborers

D. there are small numbers of

5. Bangladesh is a country where the level of poverty depends greatly on ____.

4. French is really interesting to learn.

A. population density in metropolitan areas

It is really interesting to learn French.

B. its population density only

XII. Indicate the sentence that best combines each pair of the following sentences.

C. its high agricultural productivity

1. While I don't like her mean manners at times, I will still help her out this time.

D. both population density and agricultural productivity

Despite my not liking her mean manners at times, I will still help her out this time.

6. The phrase "engage in" in paragraph 3 is closest in meaning to ____. A. look into

B. give up

C. escape from

2. The fan was too weak to clear out the heat pervading through the whole room. D. participate in

7. The word "infertile" in paragraph 4 probably means ____. A. impossible

B. unproductive

C. inaccessible

The fan was so weak that it could not clear out the heat pervading through the whole room.

D. disused

8. Which of the following is TRUE, according to the passage? A. All small countries in Western Europe have high population densities. B. In certain developed countries, mechanized farming is applied. C. In sub-Saharan African countries, productivity is boosted by technology.

3. You'll have to get your car serviced before you go on that long trip to the South. Your car will need servicing before you go on that long trip to the South. 4. I spent the whole evening trying to figure out what he meant in the talk earlier that morning. It took me the whole evening to try to figure out what he meant in the talk earlier that morning.

D. There is no connection between a country's culture and overpopulation. 9. Which of the following is a contributor to overpopulation in many developing countries? A. High birth rates

B. High-tech facilities

C. Sufficient financial support

D. Economic resources

10. Which of the following could be the best title for the passage? A. Overpopulation: A Worldwide Problem Consequences

B. High Birth Rate and its

C. Poverty in Developing countries Poverty

D. Overpopulation: A Cause of

Unit 3. THE GREEN MOVEMENT - KEY PART 1: VOCABULARY AND GRAMMAR REVIEW A. VOCABULARY • raise something (to something): tăng cái gì lên bao nhiêu • effect (on somebody/something): ảnh hưởng đến cái gì • come into effect = take effect: có hiệu lực

XI. Indicate the sentence that is closest in meaning to each of the following questions

• accomplish /ə'kʌmplɪʃ/: = achieve, execute: đạt được

1. It isn't very likely that little Johnny will accept her as his step mother.

• evaluate /ɪ' væljueɪt/: = assess, judge, appraise: đánh giá

There is little likelihood that little Johnny will accept her as his step mother. 2. It seems rude not to reply to a greeting like that. То not reply to a greeting like that seems rude. 3. Because I had run out of sugar, I went out to get some. I had run out of sugar, so I went out to get some.

• assess something at something: đánh giá ở mức nào Ex: Damage to the building was assessed at £40,000. • assess somebody/ something as something: đánh giá ai như là Ex: The young men were assessed as either safe or unsafe drivers. • release /rɪ'li:s/: thải ra

• release somebody/ something from something: giải thoát cho ai, gì khỏi cái gì Ex: Firefighters took two hours to release the driver from the wreckage. • add something to something: thêm cái gì vào đâu Ex: A new wing was added to the building • absorb something into something = take in: hấp thụ vào đâu Ex: The cream is easily absorbed into the skin. • reabsorption: sự tái hấp thụ

• disturb /dɪ'stɜ:b/ (v): = distract, interrupt: làm phiền B. GRAMMAR REVIEW I. CONNECTING WORDS (TỪ NỐI) Conjunction (liên từ): • là từ dùng nối câu hoặc nối từ • đứng sau một dấu “,” hoặc không cần đến Connector (từ nối):

• supplant /sə'plɑ:nt/ (v): = replace: thay thế

• thường dùng để nối câu

• convert something (into something): chuyển đổi cái gì thành

• thường dùng giữa hai loại dấu

• insulate something (from/ against something): cách nhiệt khỏi...

1. Nhóm chỉ sự bổ sung thông tin

Ex: Home owners are being encouraged to insulate their homes to save energy.

• Conjunction: + and, and also.... và...

• hazard /'hæzəd/: = jeopardy, perilousness: nguy hiểm

+ as well as.... cùng nhur

• hazard (to somebody/ something): nguy hiểm cho ai, gì

+ both ... and ... : vừa ... vừa ... + not only... but also ... không những ... mà còn...

• hazard (of something/ of doing something): nguy hiểm khi làm gì Ex: Everybody is aware of the hazards of smoking.

• Connector: + Moreover = Furthermore: hơn thế nữa

• expand /ɪk'spænd/: mở rộng (diện tích, độ lớn...): tăng số lượng

+ In addition: thêm vào đó

• extend /ɪk'stend/: kéo dài (thời gian...), kéo dãn

+ Besides: ngoài ra

• to extend the hand of friendship: cố gắng duy trì mối quan hệ tốt với...

+ What's more: hơn thế

• to filter out dust particles/ light/ impurities: lọc ra ...

2. Nhóm chỉ thông tin trái ngược

• shelter (from something): nơi trú ẩn khỏi cái gì

• Conjunction: + but, yet: nhưng + số đếm: one, two…; số thứ tự: second…; whereas: trái lại…

Ex: People were desperately seeking shelter from the gunfire. • risk (of something/ of doing something): nguy cơ Ex: Smoking can increase the risk of developing heart disease

• Collector:

+ However = Netherless: tuy nhiên, nhưng + On the other hand: mặt khác

• sustainable /sə'steɪnəbl/ (adj): = steady, persistent: bền vững

+ In contrast; trái lại

• agglomeration /əˌɡlɒmə'reɪʃn/: = accumulation: sự kết tụ

+ On the contrary: ngược lại

Ex: The suburb is an agglomeration of houses, shops, and offices.

3. Thông tin kết quả (vì vậy, do đó...)

• accelerate /ək'seləreɪt/ (v): = speed up, gain momentum: tăng tốc

• Conjunction: + so, thus, hence: vì vậy

• composition /ˌkɒmpə'zɪʃn/: = constitution, configuration: thành phần

• Connector: + Therefore: vì vậy

+ As a result: kết quả là

5. It was more surprising that many of the respondents also had not recently heard or read about hydrogen cars, wind energy or ______ nuclear _____ energy.

+ Consequently: kết quả là

6. The numbers on a bag of fertilizer tell you the _____ percentages _____ of available nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium found in the bag.

+ Accordingly: do đó PART 2: PRACTICE

7. Pollution poses health hazards, endangers wild life and makes the planet unsafe for future

A. PHONETICS

human _____ survival ____.

I. Find the word which has a different sound in the part underlined. D. bioclimatic

8. The term "plastic" is _____ derived ___ from the Greek word "plastikos", meaning fit for moulding.

C. number

D. death

II. Give the correct form of the words in the following sentences.

C. claimed

D. penetrated

1. Rooftop gardens prevent buildings from absorbing heat from the sun, which

B. election

C. interrogation

D. question

can ____significantly____

B. appear

C. realize

D. peace

reduce cooling bills. SIGNIFICANT

1. A. illegal

B. climatic

C. benefit

2. A. researcher

B. energy

3. A. arrested

B. estimated

4. A. revolution 5. A. rehear

II. Choose the word which has a different stress pattern from the others. 1. A. attitude

B. infamously

C. geneticist

D. socialist

2. A. preference

B. attraction

C. advantage

D. infinitive

3. A. interview

B. essential

C. comfortable

D. industry

4. A. situation

B. interrogation

C. detention

D. coalition

5. A. difficult

B. simplicity

C. discovery

D. commodity

2. Solar radiation can be ___converted___ either into thermal energy (heat) or into electrical energy, though the former is easier to accomplish. CONVERSION 3. The doctor said the vitamin would _____replenish_____ my calcium deficiency. REPLENISHING 4. Nick left the house and strolled down the ___pathway___ to the garden. PATH 5. If we continue to ___deplete____ our natural resources, our children will pay the price. DEPLETATION

B. VOCABULARY AND GRAMMAR

6. Do you know the oldest type of ____sustainable____ energy is the biomass that is derived

I. Choose the correct words in the box to complete the sentences.

from plant matter? SUSTAIN

percentages

nuclear

survival

derived

7. When hiking in the wilderness, it is important to properly ____dispose__ of anything you

hydrogen

energy

Contaminants

improve

can't pack out. DISPOSABLE

1. Solar technology has also emerged for the clean and renewable production of _____ hydrogen

8. We buy ____organic___ food at the farmers' market. It costs a little bit more, but we think it's

_____ as an alternative energy source.

better for our health. ORGAN

2. The sun is a powerful __ energy _ source, and this energy source can be harnessed by

9. Jane Goodall studied chimpanzees for many years in their native ____habitat____ in Africa.

installing solar panels.

HABITATION

3. ___ Contaminants ___ are subsequently removed by harvesting the above-ground shoot

10. ____Conservation_____ is the protection of things found in nature. CONSERVE

biomass for volume reduction and storage.

III. Complete each of the following sentences with a suitable preposition.

4. It is not only about looking better though, Green cities are also trying to ____ improve _____

1. Hazardous gases refer to all kinds _____of____ gas that can be potential harmful to humans in

the efficiency of cities and raise the standard of living for people who stay in them.

certain concentrations.

2. The ship's refrigeration and air conditioning plants are designed ______to_____ achieve no ozone depletion. 3. Nuclear waste can cause serious damage to the environment if not disposed ____ of _____ properly.

V. Choose the correct words in the box to complete the sentences. needs of

dispose of

accompanied by for granted associated with

pay off

distributed on absorbed into

took hold in part

4. In the UK, poor air quality is responsible _____for______ some 40,000 deaths each year.

1. Green products are biodegradable or easily reused either ______ in part _____ or as a whole.

5. The government team ______in_____ charge of promoting energy conservation has

2. Sea level rise ____ associated with _____ climate change could displace tens of millions of

no campaign budget and with three members to handle the issue nationwide, are short of staff.

people in low-lying areas - especially in developing countries.

6. Biomass typically refers _____to_____ biofuels that are obtained through biological processes

3. A number of World War II munitions exploded as wildfires _____ took hold _____ in a

such as agriculture and anaerobic digestion.

forest around 40 miles southwest of Berlin, Raimund Engel.

7. Everyday, the world produces carbon dioxide that is released to the earths atmosphere and

4. In explosive eruptions, the fragmented rock may be ____ accompanied by ____ ash and gases;

which will still be there _____in_____ one hundred years time.

in effusive eruptions, degassing is common but ash is usually not.

8. Mankind has been crazy to have not bothered ______to____ harness the sun's energy until

5. Most of us take heating and cooling _____ for granted ____.

now.

6. Engage students in thinking about how water is ___ distributed on ____ Earth.

9. Business can now take advantage ______of____ different suppliers of both gas and electricity and shop for the most economical. 10. _____On______ a gut level, many people already grasp the key difference between fossil fuels and renewable energy.

Although

8. You cannot sell them or _____ dispose of _____ them without the permission of the finance company.

IV. Choose the word or phrase from the box that best fits the blank space in the following passage. Otherwise Thanks to

7. Water that falls on the ground can run off into streams or it can be _____ absorbed into _______ the ground. Students may also say that water can evaporate.

For example

Instead of

1. ____ Thanks to _____ some clever and concerned architects, this image is starting to change

9. Sustainable energy is energy that meets the _____ needs of ____ the present generations without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. 10. In many areas, including much of Alabama, an investment for sustainable energy sources will ___ pay off __ in just a few short years. VI. Give the correct form of the verbs to fill in the blank.

the concept of green cities aims to bring some beauty from rural environments into urban areas.

1. The importance of individual energy sources and options for power generation are changing, as are the ways in which electricity is _______ transmitted_________ (transmit)

2. ___ Instead of _____ filling its area with office buildings, Portland has plenty of green space

and distributed.

for activities.

2. Without action, the impacts of climate change _________ threaten ______ (threaten)

3. _____ Although ____ we are all aware of the effects of oil on seabirds, oil is also extremely toxic to marine life.

to catastrophically damage our world.

4. Today there is a strong emphasis on the halt of CFC usage. CFCS, ____ Otherwise ____ known as chloro-fluoro-carbons, are ozone depleting chemicals.

less dependent on fossil fuels.

5. The smoke in the atmosphere, _____ For example _____, is increasing so much that the amount of sunlight has been reduced in many cities.

ecosystems, and that the risk of a devastating spill isn't worth ______taking______ (take).

3. Oil drilling will continue to be a big deal unless we ________ become ____ (become) 4. Offshore oil drilling has a significant negative impact on fragile marine and coastal

5. As landscapes and habitats literally shift, wildlife must quickly ______ adjust ______ (adjust).

6. Pollution poses health hazards, endangers wild life and makes the planet unsafe for future human survival.

6. Many key economic sectors - from _______fishing_______ (fish) to energy to water utilities will feel long-term impacts of climate change.

7. Any environmental damage must be punishable by law, and polluters should

7. Global warming is now accelerating the rate of sea level rise, ______increasing_______

pay compensation for the damage caused to the environment.

(increase) flooding risks to low-lying communities.

A. stems

A. rewards

8. To make your home a healthier, safer, greener place, beginning with small steps. For example, _____make______ (make) a commitment to change just one habit every month.

B. triggers off

B. ransom

C. results from

C. damages

D. be caused by

D. savings

8. Pollution had also been a major problem, devastating the natural habitats of many animals and damaging the earth beyond repair. A. hopeful

B. recoverable

C. reversible

D. past mending

9. We prefer to ________ describe ______ (describe) a green product as one that has less of an

9. Solar panels could be used on the new development as part of a drive towards environmental

environmental impact or is less detrimental to human health than the traditional product equivalent.

sustainability.

10. Something that is large or with odd dimensions may _______ require ____ (require) a custom packaging solution instead of an out-of-the-box box. VII. Indicate the word(s) CLOSEST in meaning to the underlined word(s) in each of me following questions. 1. Rooftop gardens prevent buildings from absorbing heat from the sun, which can significantly reduce cooling bills. A. trivially

B. unparticularly

C. remarkably

D. meaninglessly

2. Solar radiation can be converted either into thermal energy (heat) or into electrical energy, though the former is easier to accomplish. A. transformed

B. absorbed

C. released

D. exchanged

3. Adopting a green lifestyle can often be time-consuming for those who are fully committed to green living. A. abandoned

B. devoted

C. dependent

D. relevant

4. Solar technology has also emerged for the clean and renewable production of hydrogen as an B. substitute

C. endless

D. restricted

5. The sun is a powerful energy source, and this energy source can be harnessed by installing solar panels. A. dug

B. inconstancy

C. change

D. fluctuation

10. Hazardous gases refer to all kinds of gas that can be potentially harmful to humans in certain concentrations. A. secure

B. certain

C. excessive

D. noxious

11. Many herbicides and pesticides take a long time to degrade and build up in the soils or throughout the food chain. A. dignify

B. accumulate

C. defrost

D. deteriorate

12. There are plenty of potential toxins still being ignored, with less than half of the 5,000 new chemicals widely dispersed throughout the environment since 1950. A. harmless compounds

B. safe matters

C. poisonous substances

D. immortal particles

13. One out of every four premature deaths in India in 2015, or some 2.5 million, was attributed to pollution. A. associated with

B. got along with

C. derived from

D. broken down

14. The authorities are now making a determined effort to adapt to the climate change in

alternative energy source. A. infinite

A. steadiness

B. transmitted

C. devastated

D. exploited

mountain regions to ensure that climbing can continue. A. preserve

B. stabilize

C. adjust to

D. generate

15. The biological agents now in use are environmentally benign and are harmless to humans. A. hostile

B. unfriendly

C. friendly

D. unfavorable

16. Renewable resources are exploited so much that they will never be able to recover completely. A. destroyed

B. run off

C. utilized

D. built up

A. trapped

B. let off

C. discharged

D. emitted

10. Global warming is now accelerating the rate of sea level rise, increasing flooding risks to low-lying communities.

VIII. Indicate the word(s) OPPOSITE in meaning to the underlined word(s) in each of

A. decelerating

the following questions.

getting a move on

B. gaining momentum

C. picking up speed

1. Contaminants are subsequently removed by harvesting the above-ground shoot biomass for

C. READING

volume reduction and storage.

I. Choose the word or phrase among A, B, C or D that best fits the blank space in the following passage.

A. later

B. eventually

C. previously

D. afterwards

2. The introduction of harmful substances in the air results in detrimental impacts to the environmental and humanity. A. harmful

B. benign

C. noxious

D. disastrous

3. Offshore oil drilling has a significant negative impact on fragile marine and coastal ecosystems, and that the risk of a devastating spill isn't worth taking. A. durable

B. easily broken

C. vulnerable

D. delicate

4. Without action, the impacts of climate change threaten to catastrophically damage our world. A. beneficially

B. ruinously

C. fatally

D. terribly

5. Global Forest Watch has also initiated a project to counteract deforestation through awareness. A. introduced

B. commenced

C. launched

D. completed

6. Some groups of animals such as amphibians are particularly vulnerable to these chemical pollutants and suffer greatly as a result of the high levels of herbicides and pesticides in their habitat. A. in peril

B. in jeopardy

C. open to attack

D. durable

7. Cigarette butts are not biodegradable and contain extremely toxic soluble chemicals. A. venomous

B. deadly

C. endangered

D. harmless

8. By 2020, global surface temperature will be more than 0.5°C (0.9°F) warmer than the 19862005 average, regardless of which carbon dioxide emissions pathway the world follows. A. irrespective of

B. without respect to C. in respect to

D. disregard for

9. Everyday, the world produces carbon dioxide that is released to the earth's atmosphere and which will still be there in one hundred years time.

From the seeds themselves to the machinery, fertilizers and pesticides - The Green Revolution regimen depend heavily on technology. One alternative, however, depends much (1) ____ on technology - organic farming. Many organic farmers use machinery, but not chemical fertilizers or pesticides. (2) ____ chemical soil enrichers, they use animal manure and plant parts not used as food - natural, organic fertilizers that are clearly a renewable (3) ____. Organic farmers also use alternatives for pesticides, for example, they may rely on natural predators of certain insect pests. (4) ____ the need arises, they can buy the eggs and larvae of these natural predators and introduce them into their crop fields. They use other techniques to control pests as well, like planting certain crops together because one crop repels the other's pests. Organic farmers do not need a lot of land, in fact organic farming is perfectly (5) ____ to small farms and is relatively inexpensive. Finally, many organic farmers' average yields compare favorably with other farmers' yields. 1. A. more

B. less

C. better

D. worse

2. A. In spite of

B. On account of

C. In favor of

D. Instead of

3. A. resource

B. source

C. matter

D. substance

4. A. Then

B. If

C. Because

D. Thought

5. A. suitable

B. open

C. likely

D. suited

II. Choose the word or phrase among A, B, C or D that best fits the blank space in the following passage. GREEN ENERGY Fossil fuels are used to generate the majority of the world's energy, and they come in different forms. For example, coal may be burned in a power (1) ____ to generate electricity, but gasoline is burned in a car's engine to make it run. Neither of these two sources is considered

green energy because they produce a lot of pollution when they are burned. In addition, they come from a source that is inevitably going to (2) ____.

Politicians are also concerned about climate change and there are now regular summits on the subject, attended by representatives from around 180 of the world's industrialized

Green energy can be defined as any energy source that is to some degree non-polluting. When it is called (3) ____, this means that a person can replace the same amount of energy that

countries. Of these summits, the most important took place in Kyoto in Japan in 1997. There it

was consumed by that person (4) ____ that person's lifetime. Since it took millions and millions

gas emissions and were given targets for this reduction of emissions.

of years to create the fossil fuels that we now burn, we know that they cannot be replaced by us.

was agreed that the most industrialized countries would try to reduce the volume of greenhouse It was also suggested that more forests should be planted to create so-called sinks to

Wind power and solar power, (5) ____ harnessed properly, are two excellent sources of green energy. Once the necessary parts such as wind turbines to generate wind power and solar

absorb greenhouse gases. At least part of the problem of rapid climate change has been caused by too drastic deforestation.

panels to create solar power have been produced, only the pollution from the production is left. 1. A. point

B. outlet

C. factory

D. plant

Sadly, the targets are not being met. Even more sadly, global warnings about climate changes are often still being regarded as scaremongering.

2. A. run out of

B. run out

C. burn out

D. cut out

1. According to the passage, in what way did the climate changes in the ice ages differ from the

3. A. durable

B. sustainable

C. harmful

D. effective

4. A. along

B. about

C. within

D. during

5. A. where

B. when

C. which

D. what

III. Choose the word or phrase from the box that best fits the blank space in the following passage.

modern ones? A. They occurred naturally over a long period of time. B. They were partly intended. C. They were wholly the result of human activity. D. They were fully monitored by humans.

Experts in climatology and other scientists are becoming extremely concerned about the changes to our climate which are taking place. Admittedly, climate changes have occurred on our

2. The word "alarmingly" in paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to ____.

planet before. For example, there have been several ice ages or glacial periods. These climatic changes, however, were different from the modern ones in that they occurred gradually and, as

3. According to the passage, agriculture could ____.

far as we know, naturally. The changes currently being monitored are said to be the result not of

A. disapprovingly

B. disappointingly

C. surprisingly

D. worryingly

A. make the global warming more serious

natural causes, but of human activity. Furthermore, the rate of change is becoming alarmingly

B. be indirectly affected by the global temperature rises

rapid.

C. give rise to many ecological disasters The major problem is that the planet appears to be warming up. According to some

D. be directly damaged by the rises in global temperature

experts, this warming process, known as global warming, is occurring at a rate unprecedented in the last 10,000 years. The implications for the planet are very serious. Rising global temperatures

4. Greenhouse gases cause the warming up of the Earth because they ____.

could give rise to such ecological disasters as extremely high increases in the incidence of flooding and of droughts. These could have a harmful effect on agriculture. It is thought that this unusual warming on the Earth has been caused by so-called greenhouse gases, such as carbon dioxide, being emitted into the atmosphere by car engines and modern industrial processes, for

A. are emitted by car engines

B. trap heat from the sun

C. do not add to atmosphere pollution

D. are unusual gases

5. It can be inferred from the passage that the countries which are mainly responsible for global warming are ____.

example. Such gases not only add to the pollution of the atmosphere, but also create a greenhouse effect, by which the heat of the sun is trapped. This leads to the warming up of the

A. countries with the warmest climate

B. developing countries

planet.

C. developed countries

D. the most industrialized countries

6. Which of the following is NOT true, according to the passage? A. Carbon dioxide is one of the gases that may cause the so-called greenhouse effect B. The so-called sinks created by forests can absorb greenhouse gases. C. The problem of rapid climate change has been caused mainly by deforestation. D. Politicians are among those who are concerned about climate change. 7. The word "drastic" in paragraph 4 is closest in meaning to ____. A. hard

B. severe

C. widespread

D. obvious

8. What is probably the writer's attitude toward global warning? A. Optimistic

B. Pessimistic

C. Neutral

Mesopotamian empires-Sumer, Akkad and Babylon- were built on the surplus of the enormously productive soil of the ancient Tigris- Euphrates alluvial plain. After nearly a thousand years of intensive cultivation, land quality was in evident decline. In response, around 2800 BC the Sumerians began digging the huge Tigris Euphrates canal system to irrigate the exhausted soil. A temporary gain in crop yield was achieved in this way, but over-irrigation was to have serious and unforeseen consequences. From as early as 2400 BC we find Sumerian documents referring to salinization as a soil problem. It is believed that the fall of the Akkadian Empire around 2150 BC may have been due to a catastrophic failure in land productivity; the soil was literally turned into salt. Even today, four thousand years later, vast tracks of salinized land between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers still resemble rock-hard fields of snow.

D. Positive

IV. Read the passage, and choose the correct answer A, B, C or D for each question. DESERTIFICATION Desertification is the degradation of once-productive land into unproductive or poorly productive land. Since the first great urban-agricultural centers in Mesopotamia nearly 6,000 years ago, human activity has had a destructive impact on soil quality, leading to gradual desertification in virtually every area of the world. It is a common misconception that desertification is caused by droughts. Although drought does make land more vulnerable, well-managed land can survive droughts and recover, even in arid regions. Another mistaken belief is that the process occurs only along the edges of

Soil erosion is another form of desertification. It is a self-reinforcing process, once the cycle of degradation begins, conditions are set for continual deterioration. As the vegetative cover begins to disappear, soil becomes more vulnerable to raindrop impact. Water runs off instead of soaking in to provide moisture for plans. This further diminishes plan cover by leaching away nutrients from the soil. As soil quality declines and runoff is increased, floods become more frequent and more severe. Flooding washes away topsoil, the thin, rich, uppermost layer of the earth's soil, and leaves finer underlying particles more vulnerable to wind erosion. Topsoil contains the earth's greatest concentration of organic matter and microorganisms, and is where most of the earth's land-based biological activity occurs. Without this fragile coat of nutrient-laden material, plan life cannot exist. An extreme case of its erosion is found in the Sahel, a transitional zone between the Sahara Desert and the tropical African rain forests, home

deserts. In fact, it may take place in any arid or semiarid region, especially where poor land

to some 56 million people. Overpopulation and overgrazing have opened the hyperarid land to

management is practiced. Most vulnerable, however, are the transitional zones between deserts

wind erosion, which is stripping away the protective margin of the Sahel, and causing the desert to grow at an alarming rate. Between 1950 and 1975, the Sahara Desert spread 100 kilometers

and arable land; wherever human activity leads to land abuse in these fragile marginal areas, soil destruction is inevitable. Agriculture and overgrazing are the two major sources of desertification Large-scale farming requires extensive irrigation, which ultimately destroys lands by depleting its nutrients and leaching minerals into the topsoil. Grazing is especially destructive to land because, in addition to depleting cover vegetation, herds of grazing mammals also trample the fine organic particles of the topsoil, leading to soil compaction and erosion. It takes about 500 years for the earth to build up 3 centimeters of topsoil. However, cattle ranching and agriculture can deplete as much as 2 to 3 centimeters of topsoil every 25 years - 60 to 80 times faster than it can be replaced by nature. Salination is a type of land degradation that involves an increase in the same content of the soil. This usually occurs as a result of improper irrigation practices. The greatest

southward through the Sahel. 1. Which of the following statement is true about desertification? A. It has a history as long as that of civilization B. It was just as serious in the past as it is today. C. It is a fairy recent problem. D. Ancient societies managed the problem well. 2. The word "arable" in paragraph 2 is closet in meaning to ____. A. cultivate

B. dry

C. settled

D. populated

3. According to the passage, many people's understanding of desertification is incorrect because ____. A. they do not think of it as a serious problem

Because of the local river’s pollution, all the fish and plants around there died.

C. they do not see it as being caused by human activity

7. "Why don't we chill out at the nearby swimming pool this weekend, sweetheart?” said Peter to his pregnant wife.

D. they think of it as a very slow process 4. According to the passage, agriculture further desertification through which the following activities ____.

Peter suggested to his pregnant wife that they chill out at the nearby swimming pool that weekend.

A. The repetitive planting of the same crop

B. Irrigation

C. The stripping away of native vegetation

D. Over fertilization

5. The word “degradation” in paragraph 4 is closet in meaning in ____. B. deterioration

C. contribution

D. consumption

6. Paragraph 4 of the passage serves mainly to do which of the following ____. A Show the progress of desertification down through history B. Propose a method for dealing with the desertification problem C. Describe one progress that leads to desertification D. Describe the main cause of desertification in one particular area D. WRITING I. Rewrite the following sentences so that the second ones have the same meaning as the given sentence. 1. Alex is very hard-working, yet he will never get promoted by his mean boss. Hard-working as Alex is, he will never get promoted by his mean boss. 2. "Have you ever thought about me in those days?" said her ex. Her ex asked her whether/ if she had ever thought about him in those days. 3. The child must have come home by himself as his mother was busy that day. The child almost certainly have come home by himself as his mother was busy that day. 4. Her change in appearance was way beyond his expectations. Never had he expected her appearance would change so much/she would change so much in appearance.

In case Ivan comes home late from the party tonight, give him a pair of keys. 6 Because the local river was so polluted, all the fish and plants around there died.

B. they see it as being reversible

A. rejuvenation

5. If Ivan comes home late from the party tonight, give him a pair of keys.

8. I dislike it when Carlos keeps going at me for such trivial mistakes. I object to Carlos keeping going at me for such trivial mistakes. II. Rewrite the following sentences so that the second ones have the same meaning as the given sentence. 1. Jane must have her dress ironed before she goes on her blind date with the guy she's been introduced by her lovely bestie. Jane's dress needs ironing before she goes on her blind date with the guy she's been introduced by her lovely bestie. 2. You wouldn't find a person suit you better than your current partner anywhere in the world. No where in the world would you find a person suit you better than your current partner. 3. The realization that he had been lying to me about his job all along came much later. Only much later did I realize that he had been lying to me about his job all along. 4. You won't pass the JLPT test easily if you don't practice your Japanese frequently. Without practicing your Japanese frequently, you won’t/ can’t pass the JLPT test easily. 5. The reason why Jenny didn't accept his proposal was that she didn't truly trust his love. As Jenny didn't truly trust his love, she didn't accept his proposal. 6. I am going to the Chinese class this morning, come rain or shine. Whether it rains or shines, I am going to the Chinese class this morning. 7. Failing to pass the crucial exam, you must give up your French studying here from now on. You must either pass the crucial exam or give up your French studying here from now on. 8. Jay Chou is the Chinese singer I admire most of all.

There is no Chinese singer (that/ who/ whom) I admire more than Jay Chou.

7. We should keep our freezer full ____ it runs more efficiently than an empty one.

PART 3: TEST YOURSELF

A. therefore

I. Find the word which has a different sound in the part underlined. 1. A. government

B. monument

C. movement

D. comment

2. A. motto

B. photograph

C. force

D. vote

3. A. demolish

B. supporter

C. resource

D. reformist

A. Meanwhile meantime

B. resolved

C. disused

D. decreased

5. A. expand

B. stagnant

C. vacancy

D. applicant

II. Choose the word which has a different stress pattern from the others. 1. A. compulsory

B. biography

C. curriculum

D. admirable

2. A. predominance

B. environment

C. technology

D. superstition

3. A. mature

B. mailbox

C. surface

D. manner

4. A. struggle

B. enlarge

C. occur

D. survive

5. A. participate

A. Alike

B. psychology

C. ability

D. temporary

A. Both of

A. As though

B. thus

C. because

D. besides

A. deal

B. and

C. so

D. therefore

5. Your computer may go to sleep, ____ it's still consuming energy. A. but

B. even though

C. so

6. We use compact florescent light bulbs, ____ last 10 times longer than incandescent bulbs. A. what

B. that

C. which

D. they

B. Neither of

C. Because of

D. On account of

B. As a consequence

C. As well as

D. Such as

B. similar to

C. owing to

D. to conclude

B. supply

C. replenish

D. offer

B. responsibility

C. change

D. depletion

15. These eggs come from free-range chickens ____ eat only organic grains. A. which

B. what

C. who

D. they

16. An example of ____ is plant material that produces electricity with steam. A. biomass

B. fossil fuel

C. purification

D. pathway

17. There was no food in the refrigerator, so she had to visit the grocery store to ____ their supply. A. conserve

D. furthermore

D. In

14. The continued ____ of our ozone may cause terrible destruction to our planet.

4. We should set our printer's default ____ it prints on both sides of the page. A. besides

C. For the meanwhile

13. You should ____ your car with petrol before starting on a journey.

A. conservation D. In conclusion

B. In the meanwhile

animal reserves.

3. Birds and mammals, ____ they are warm blooded, move more swiftly and have greater physical endurance than reptiles. A. although

D. Apart from

12. Some countries, ____ circumvent the problem, have allocated large amounts of land to

thus more tolerant of temperature extremes. C. In short

C. Unlikely

11. Animals like the Bengal tiger, ____ other endangered species, are a valuable part of the world's ecosystem.

D. so long as

2. Mammals, ____ are warm-blooded, meaning that they generate their own body heat and are A. On the other hand B. In contrast

B. Unlike

when they are burned.

A. so as to

1. Most reptiles have three chambers in their hearts, ____ some do have four. C. despite of

D. because

10. ____ these two sources is considered green energy because they produce a lot of pollution

III. Choose the best answer.

B. although

C. so

9. ____, farmers are facing more floods and droughts in our country and elsewhere.

4. A. attained

A. in spite

B. but

8. ____ brown and black bears, polar bears do not hibernate during the winter.

B. make full

C. spoilt

D. replenish

18. Many native plants have been seriously ____ by the introduction of exotic plants which are taking over. A. depleted

B. caused

C. disposed

D. fulfill

19. Tornadoes are known to have higher winds than tropical cyclones, ____ tornadoes are much smaller. A. so

B. however

C. therefore

D. but

20. Earthquakes are one of the scariest natural phenomena ____ they are so unpredictable. A. because

B. but

C. so

D. neither

B. disposing

C. disposable

D. disposal

22. China, India, Nepal, Vietnam, Indonesia, the Philippines, and other nations of Asia and the Pacific are making substantial commitments to ____ their natural resources. A. replace

B. conserving

C. conservation

D. be conserved

23. Plant shade trees to reduce summer heat ____ reduce watering needs in summer months. A. and

B. but

C. so

D. or

24. It has been said that the wars of the future will not be fought over land. ____, they will be fought over the water supply. A. However

B. Besides

C. Instead

B. Without

C. In addition to

7. Renewable resources are _____ infinite ____ so much that they will never be able to recover 8. If we are sensible in how we use the resources they will remain _____ patterns ____. 9. The warming of the Pacific Ocean has created weather ___________________ that strongly affect the world. 10. Global warming is making ______ extreme _____ weather events, such as hurricanes and droughts, even more severe and causing sea levels all around the world to rise. V. Give the correct form of the verbs to fill in the blank. 1. Global Forest Watch has also _____ initiated_____ (initiate) a project to counteract deforestation through awareness. 2. Lessons learned from these techniques can ____be applied___ (apply) across the world, in

D. Therefore

places where vulnerable species are in danger from encroaching human settlement.

D. Apart from

3. The environmental movement _____needs_____ (need) to mature its view of the role of people, technology and corporations.

25. ____ any ice, there is nowhere for the bears to stalk their prey. A. Despite

6. Environmental groups are _____ exploited _____ environmental concerns in the context of wider issues such as minority and gender relations, poverty, and community development. completely.

21. Too many products come in ____ packaging, and it's so wasteful! A. disposed

5. The biological agents now in use are environmentally ____ addressing ______ and are harmless to humans.

IV. Choose the correct word to complete the following sentences. clean

defense

ecologically

benign

expense

exploited

infinite

patterns

extreme

addressing

1. Today, the developed nations who achieved their wealth at the _____ expense ____ of the environment will be held accountable for protecting the earth's resources. 2. We can create environmentally- _____ clean ______ industries, harness the power of the sun, wind and waves for our energy needs and manage the finite _____ defense ______ resources of

4. Invasive species can even _____prey_____ (prey) on native species directly, forcing native species towards extinction. 5. Herbicides and pesticides may keep yards looking nice but they are in fact hazardous pollutants that ____affect_____ (affect) wildlife at many levels. 6. Many herbicides and pesticides take a long time ______to degrade ___ (degrade) and build up in the soils or throughout the food chain.

the Earth.

7. Some groups of animals such as amphibians are particularly vulnerable to these chemical

3. You can make your voice heard in ____ ecologically _____ of the living world by

pollutants and _____ suffer _____ (suffer) greatly as a result of the high levels of herbicides and pesticides in their habitat.

joining Greenpeace today. 4. In recent years, the chemical industry has introduced several herbicides that are more ___ benign ___ sound.

8. Many opponents of offshore oil drilling point out that better energy efficiency will actually save more barrels of oil than could _____be gained_____ (gain) by all US offshore reserves. 9. Because we are all inhabitants on Earth, everyone is a stakeholder, and every person has something to

_____ contribute ____ (contribute) to advance effective pollution prevention awareness.

A. bioclimatic

B. shelter from

C. creating

D. comfortable

10. Although we can each help _____combat____ (combat) pollution in our immediate

3. Solar panels could be used on the new development as part of a drive towards environmental

environments, we can do more by working to change legislation and policy on a larger scale.

sustainable.

VI. Complete each of the following sentences with a suitable preposition.

→ sustainability

1. We should all accept personal responsibility ___for___ our local environmental protection

A. could be used

B. as

C. towards

D. sustainable

programs by actively participating in making our atmosphere pollution-free.

4. Global warming is now accelerating the rate of sea level raise, increasing flooding risks to

2. The simplest preventive approaches are often quite complicated, expensive, and difficult for a

low-lying communities. → rise

small business ____to___ implement.

A. accelerating

3. Every action or inaction of any person has an effect ___on__ the environment–be it good, neutral, or negative. 4. Due to our consumption and improper disposal ___of____ plastic items, human beings have created a swirling mess of garbage. 5. There are plenty of potential toxins still being ignored, ___with___ less than half of the 5,000 new chemicals widely dispersed throughout the environment since 1950. 6. One out of every four premature deaths in India in 2015, or some 2.5 million was attributed ____to____ pollution. 7. Several other countries such Bangladesh, Pakistan, North Korea, South Sudan and Haiti see nearly a fifth of their premature deaths caused ___by__ pollution. 8. ____In____ the Alps, the glacier surfaces have shrunk by half between 1900 and 2012 with a strong acceleration of the melting processes since the 1980s. 9. The authorities are now making a determined effort to adapt ___to___ the climate change in mountain regions to ensure that climbing can continue. 10. By 2020, global surface temperature will be more than 0.5°C (0.9°F) warmer than the 19862005 average, regardless ___of___ which carbon dioxide emissions pathway the world follows. VII. Choose the word or phrase among A, B, C or D that needs correction. 1. Today, Indian cities offer a more densely lifestyle with homes and work places surrounded by urban heat islands with dust, noise and pollution. → dense A. densely

B. homes

C. surrounded

D. heat

2. The design of simple, low-energy bioclimatic strategies and better building materials can shelter from the outside world, creating havens of comfortable for occupants of all income levels. → comfort

B. raise

C. risks to

D. communities

5. Air pollution is defined as any contamination of the atmosphere that disturb the natural composition and chemistry of the air. → disturbs A. is defined

B. disturb

C. composition

D. chemistry

6. Water pollution is categorizedinto point resource, non-point source, and groundwater. → source A. categorized

B. into

C. resource

D. non-point source

7. Soil degradation also contributes to soil pollution, and it occurs as a result of over-graze, overfarming, or mining activities. → over-grazing A. contributes to

B. occurs

C. over-graze

D. mining activities

VIII. Choose the best answer to complete the passage. INTERFERING WITH NATURE Climate change is caused by the (1) ____ high levels of dangerous chemicals in the atmosphere, particularly carbon dioxide. It is estimated that average global temperatures will rise (2) ____ between two and six degrees by the end of this century. We all know the effects could be catastrophic, but are we (3) ____ of the possible solutions? Crazy as it sounds, a group of academics from British universities is making a plan to build a 12-mile pipe, held up by a huge balloon, that would pump (4) ____ quantities of toxic chemicals, such as Sulphur dioxide, into the atmosphere. Surprisingly, there is good science behind the idea. The chemicals would form a (5) ____ layer around the Earth that would reflect sunlight and so cool the earth, much like the effects of a volcanic eruption. 1. A. absolutely

B. extremely

C. interestingly

D. repeatedly

2. A. by

B. with

C. for

D. in

3. A. able

B. capable

C. aware

D. fond

B. Loud noises signal danger.

4. A. great

B. enormous

C. extreme

D. absolute

C. Noise may pose a serious threat to our physical and psychological health,

5. A. protecting

B. protected

C. protective

D. protection

D. The ear is not like the eye.

IX. Read the passage, and choose the correct answer A, B, C or D for each question. Although noise, commonly defined as unwanted sound, is a widely recognized form of pollution, it is very difficult to measure because the discomfort experienced by different individuals is highly subjective and therefore, variable. Exposure to lower levels of noise may be slightly irritating, whereas exposure to higher levels may actually cause hearing loss. Particularly in congested urban areas, the noise produced as a by-product of our advancing technology causes physical and psychological harm, and detracts from the quality of life for those who are exposed to it. Unlike the eyes, which can be covered by the eyelids against strong light, the ear has no lid, and is therefore, always open and vulnerable; noise penetrates without protection Noise causes effects that the hearer cannot control and to which the body never becomes accustomed. Loud noises instinctively signal danger to any organism with a hearing mechanism, including human beings. In response, heartbeat and respiration accelerate, blood vessels constrict, the skin pales, and muscles tense. In fact, there is a general increase in functioning brought about by the flow of adrenaline released in response to fear, and some of these responses persist even longer than the noise, occasionally as long as thirty minutes after the sound has ceased. Because noise is unavoidable in a complex, industrial society, we are constantly responding in the same way that we would respond to danger. Recently, researchers have concluded that noise and our response may be much more than an annoyance. It may be a serious threat to physical and psychological health and well-being, causing damage not only to the ear and brain but also to the heart and stomach. We have long known that hearing loss is America's number one nonfatal health problem, but now we are learning that some of us with heart disease and ulcers may be victims of noise as well. Fetuses exposed to noise tend to be overactive, they cry easily and they are more sensitive to gastrointestinal problems after birth. In addition, the

2. According to the passage, what is noise? A. A byproduct of technology

B. Physical and psychological harm

C. Congestion

D. Unwanted sound

3. Why is noise difficult to measure? A. All people do not respond to it in the same way. B. It causes hearing loss. C. It is unwanted. D. People become accustomed to it. 4. The word congested in paragraph 1 could best be replaced by ____. A. hazardous

B. crowded

C. polluted

D. rushed

5. The word it in the end of the first paragraph refers to ____. A. The quality of life

B. our advancing technology

C. the noise

D. physical and psychological harm

6. Look at the verb accelerate in paragraph 3. Which of the following is the closest meaning to it? A. cease

B. rise

C. swell

D. increase

7. It can be inferred from this passage that the eye ____. A. responds to fears ear

B. enjoys greater protection than the

C. increases function

D. is damaged by noise

psychic effect of noise is very important. Nervousness, irritability, tension, and anxiety increase affecting the quality of rest during sleep, and the efficiency of activities during waking hours, as well as the way that we interact with each other. 1. Which of the following is the author's main point? A. Hearing loss is America's number one nonfatal health problem.

Unit 4. THE MASS MEDIA - KEY PART 1: VOCABULARY AND GRAMMAR REVIEW A. VOCABULARY

(-) S + didn't + V + O

• addicted /əˈdɪktɪd/ (a): nghiện • advent /ˈædvent/ (n): sự đến/ tới sự kiện quan trọng • app ( = application) /ˌæplɪˈkeɪʃn/ (n): ứng dụng • attitude /ˈætɪtjuːd/(n): thái độ, quan điểm

(?) Did (not) + S + V + O? c. Uses (Cách sử dụng) • Diễn tả hành động đã xảy ra và chấm dứt hoàn toàn trong quá khứ.

• connect /kəˈnekt/(v): kết nối •cyberbullying /ˈsaɪbəbʊliɪŋ/(n): khủng bố qua mạng Internet

Ex:

• documentary /ˌdɒkjuˈmentri/(n): phim tài liệu • dominant /ˈdɒmɪnənt/(a): thống trị, có ưu thế hơn • drama /ˈdrɑːmə/(n): kịch, tuồng • efficient /ɪˈfɪʃnt/ (a): có hiệu quả

• Diễn tả một chuỗi các hành động liên tiếp xảy ra trong quá khứ. Ex:

• GPS ( Global Positioning System): hệ thống định vị toàn cầu • leaflet /ˈliːflət/ (n): tờ rơi, tờ in rời

I finished worked walked to the beach and found a nice place to swim. Did you add flour, pour the milk and then add the eggs?

• emerge /iˈmɜːdʒ/ (v): vượt trội, nổi bật, nổi lên • fivefold /ˈfaɪvfəʊld/ (adj, adv): gấp 5 lần

I saw a movie yesterday. Last year, I traveled to Japan.

d. Advs (Trạng ngữ nhận biết) - Yesterday, ago, upon a time, in 1945 (in a specific year in the past....), last...

• mass /mæs/(n): số nhiều, số đông, đại chúng

e. Một số lưu ý đối với thì quá khứ đơn:

• media /ˈmiːdiə/ (n): ( số nhiều của medium) phương tiện

* Quy tắc thêm “ed” với động từ thường:

• microblogging /ˈmaɪkrəʊblɒɡɪŋ/(n): việc (cá nhân) thường xuyên gửi các tin nhắn/ hình ảnh/

- Hầu hết động từ được thêm “ed” để biến thành động từ dạng quá khứ

video lên mạng xã hội để cộng đồng mạng biết được các hoạt động của người đăng tin • pie chart /ˈpaɪ tʃɑːt/: biểu đồ tròn

Ex: work - worked, visit - visited

• social networking /ˌsəʊʃl ˈnetwɜːkɪŋ/: mạng xã hội

- Một vài động từ kết thúc bằng phụ âm “y” thì biên "y” thành “i” rồi thêm “ed” để biến thành

• subscribe /səbˈskraɪb/(v): đặt mua dài hạn

dạng động từ quá khứ

• tablet PC /ˌtæblət ˌpiːˈsiː/: máy tính bảng • the mass media: truyền thông đại chúng • tie in /taɪ/(v): gắn với • website /ˈwebsaɪt/ (n): vị trí web, điểm mạng, cổng thông tin điện tử B. GRAMMAR REVIEW I. SIMPLE PAST (QUÁ KHỨ ĐƠN) a. Với động từ "to be": (+) S + was/ were + O (-) S + wasn't/ weren't + O (?) Was/ were (not) + S + O?

Ex: study - studied, carry - carried - Một vài động từ có dạng 1:1:1 (1 phụ âm + 1 nguyên âm + 1 phụ âm) thì ta gấp đôi phu âm cuối rồi thêm “ed” Ex: plan - planned, fit - fitted * Cách phát âm đối với động từ có đuôi “ed”: Đúng nhất: Theo phiên âm quốc tế, khi -ED đứng sau các âm sau sẽ được phát âm như sau: Phát âm của -ED

(+) S + Ved + O

/t/

/ɪd/ /t/ /d/

b. Với động từ “to do”:

Các âm trước -ED

/k/

/f/

/d/ /p/

/ʃ/

/tʃ/

/s/

Các nguyên âm và phụ âm còn lại

Mẹo vặt:(Không đúng 100%): Theo hình vị tự:

/t/

/θ/

Phát âm của -ED

Các âm trước -ED t

/ɪd/ /t/ /d/

• Diễn tả một hành động xảy ra trước 1 hành động khác trong QK (hành động xảy ra trước dùng QKHT; hành động xảy ra sau dùng QKĐ).

*gh

*th

Các nguyên âm và phụ âm còn lại

- Đọc chơi cho dễ nhớ: Pà xã, có fải chú sháu ghé sang Thuận Phước không? - Bạn có thể đặt thành câu khác cho riêng mình để dễ nhớ.

Ex: I had never seen such a beautiful beach before I went to Kauai. • Hành động xảy ra trước 1 thời điểm xác định trong quá khứ. Ex: I had worked as a librarian before 2010. (Trước năm 2010, tôi là một quản thư). c. Advs (Trạng ngữ nhận biết): When, before, after PART 2: PRACTICE

Ex: /ɪd/

wanted, needed, demanded, suggested, mended, hated, visited, …

/t/

walked, liked, stopped, raped, washed, watched, laughed, sentenced, rated, breathed, stated, looked, cooked, sniffed, missed, mixed....

/d/

played, studied, changed, matched, decreed, ....

A. PHONETICS I. Find the word which has a different sound in the part underlined. 1. A approved

B. answered

C. passed

D. uttered

2. A. doubted

B. wedded

C. connected

D. passed

Note:

3. A. managed B. laughed

• Khi *th phát âm là /θ/ thì -ed mới phát âm là /t/ như breathed, ...

4. A. washed

B. exchanged

C. captured

C. experiencedD. mixed

D. signed

• Khi *th phát âm là /ð/ thì -ed có phát âm là /d/ như bathed, ...

5. A. filled

B. added

C. started

D. intended

• Khi *gh phát âm là /f/ thi -ed phát âm là /t/ như laughed, coughed, ....

6. A. wanted

B. booked

C. stopped

D. laughed

• Khi *gh là âm câm thi -ed phát âm là /d/ như ploughed, ...

7. A. booked

B. watched

C. jogged

D. developed

• Nguyên âm + S + ED thì -ed thường được phát âm là /d/ như praised, chased, raised....

8. A. kneeled

B. bowed

C. implied

D. compressed

Ngoại lệ:

9. A. bottled

B. explained

- Một số tỉnh từ sau có cách phát âm của -ed là /ɪd/: naked /'neɪkɪd/, learned /'lə:nɪd/, aged

10. A. laughed B. stamped

/eɪdʒɪd/, beloved /bɪ'lʌvɪd/, blessed /'blesɪd/, crooked /'krʊkɪd/, ragged /'ræɡɪd/, sacred /'seɪkrɪd/,

II. Choose the word which has a different stress pattern from the others.

wretched /'retʃɪd/,... - Phần ngoại lệ: Có một chữ có -ed tận cùng được phát âm là /əd/. Chữ đó là hundred /'hʌndrəd/ 2. PAST PERFECT (QUÁ KHỨ HOÀN THÀNH) a. Form: (+) S+ had + Vp2/ed + O (-) S + hadn't + Vp2/ed + O (?) Had (not) + S+ Vp2/ed + O? b. Uses

C. trapped C. booked

D. betrayed D. contented

1. A. headache

B. present

C. nation

D. planet

2. A. playwright

B. active

C. global

D. tonight

3. A. advent

B. emerge

C. prevent

D. event

4. A. efficiency

B. society

C. documentary

D. proficiency

5. A. painting

B. visit

C. portrait

D. enough

6. A. canteen

B. children

C. lengthen

D. nothing

7. A. appropriate

B. documentary

C. entertainment

D. confirmation

8. A. dominant

B. Internet

C. attitude

D. entertain

9. A. efficient

B. digital

C. networking

D. privacy

10. A. transmitted

B. taken

C. delivered

D. produced

B. VOCABUALRY AND GRAMMAR

13. Since the eruption started/ has started all the villages on the slopes of the volcano have evacuated/ have been evacuated.

I. Complete the following sentences with "for" or "since", and the correct form of fife verb

14. House prices increased/ have increaseddramatically in recent years.

in brackets.

15. Jim decided/ has decided to continue the course, even though it is proved/ was provingvery

1. I _____haven’t had_____ (not have) time to finish my work _____since____ Sunday.

difficult.

2. Nobody _____has written_____ (write) to Norma ______since______ she left university.

III. Choose the correct word in the bracket to complete the sentences.

3. She _____has eaten______ (eat) the same food _______for______ three days. 4. I _____haven’t played______ (not play) tennis _______for______ a year now.

shoot

show print

censore receive

broadcast

publish

edit refer

scan download

5. I don't think I ____have seen__ (see) you _____since_____ 2003.

1. The term the mass media in English _____ refers ___ basically to TV, radio and newspapers.

6. It _____hasn’t rained____ (not rain) here _______since______ last June.

2. The BBC World Service ______ broadcasts _____throughout the world.

7. We _____have lived_____ (live) in this house _____since______ it was finished.

3. A short wave or a VHF radio can ______ receive ______ many interesting stations.

8. My father ___hasn’t listened____ (not listen) to me ____since____ I failed the entrance

4. They're _____ showing______ a good film on TV tonight.

exam to university. 9. They ____haven’t studied_____ (not study) _____since_____ Tet holidays.

5. I _____ downloaded______ a good program from the Internet the other day. Would you like a copy?

10. Mum ____has been____ (be) to America _____for_______ three weeks.

6. This book was ____ published______ by CUP and it was ____ printed______ in Cambridge.

II. Choose the right alternative.

7. This article has been badly _____ edited______.

1. I washed/ have washedmy hands so that I can help you with the cooking.

8. The film was _____ shot _____ in Spain.

2. She arrived/ has arrived at Kennedy Airport at 2 o'clock this morning.

9. They ____ censored_____ the film before showing it on TV.

3. The Pharaohs ruled/ has ruled Egypt for thousands of years.

10. I ____ scanned____ some photos I'd taken, so that I could send them to a friend in Australia.

4. I found/ have foundthe letter you looked/ were lookingfor. Here it is. 5. They grew/ have grownsuch a lot since we last saw/ has seen them. 6. We recently started/ have recently startedto walk to work instead of taking the bus.

IV. Use the word given in capitals at the end of each line to form a word that fits in the gap in the same line. 1. That morning, I spent maybe 40 minutes _____poring___ over the horror of the shooting and

7. When I was younger I played/ had played badminton for my local team.

a million other things the newspapers had to tell me. PORE

8. I have had/ am having the pains for three weeks now.

2. We have spent much of the past few years discovering that the digitization of news is ruining how we ____collectively____ process information. COLLECT

9. So far it was/ has been so cold that we stayed/ have stayed in the house all day. 10. The last time I went/ have gone to Brighton is/ was in August. 11. Don't disturb Amy. She just went/ has just goneto sleep.

3. Most newspapers are businesses, and they pay their expenses with a mixture of subscription revenue, newsstand sales, and ____advertising_____ revenue. ADVERTISE

12. Bill phones/ is phoninghis girlfriend again. That's the third time he phoned/ has phonedher

4. Sweet people turn nasty at the ______drop____ of a hat on FB; it's stunning how fast they

this evening.

turn: like a hungry Rottweiler being teased with a piece of red meat. DROPPING

5. With ____regard____ to the above paragraph about nasty FBers, a recent study said that FB makes us "feel badly about ourselves", "makes us envious", "makes us sad" and “is a tedious

6. The webs update news about the latest breakthroughs in the field of medicine, technology, and other domains of science.

distraction”.

A. setbacks

B. demerits

C. hindrances

D. headways

6. Social networks and the analysis of them is an inherently interdisciplinary academic field

7. Finding the latest updates about celebrities and exploring lifestyle websites have become day-

which ____emerged_____ from social psychology, sociology, statistics, and graph theory.

to-day activities of many Internet consumers.

EMERGE

A. abnormal

7. The first commercial automated cellular network was ____launched_____ in Japan by Nippon Telegraph and Telephone in 1979. LAUNCH

A. usual

A. informed

B. disinterested

C. indifferent

D. reluctant

B. ordinary

C. remarkable

D. run-of-the-mill

Individuals and become a part of interesting groups and communities.

some ____relaxation___. RELAX

1. Media plays a significant role in keeping everyone updated about the various events around the world.

D. habitual

9. Social networking has also evolved as a great medium to connect with like-minded

10. Some video clips and images shared by your friend may make you laugh and your brain gets V. Indicate the word(s) CLOSEST in meaning to the underlined word(s) in each of the following questions.

C. exceptional

increasing demand throughout the world.

8. Like many nonprofits, we use Facebook to connect with our audiences, and they use Facebook to stay in ____touch______ with us. TOUCHING 9. During that time, we've grown ____significantly___ as an organization - adding staff positions, increasing programming. SIGNIFICANT

B. extraordinary

8. These days, online gaming has tasted dramatic and phenomenal success because of its ever-

A. having similar ideas and interests

B. having indifferent behaviors

C. having habits in common

D. having similar mental disorders

10. Children addicted to computers are being sent on camping holidays designed to help them kick the habit. A. dependent on

B. hooked on

C. indifferent to

D. exhausted by

VI. Indicate the word(s) OPPOSITE in meaning to the underlined word(s) in each of the following questions.

2. Today, we can check out the latest news and current affairs with just few clicks of mouse or

1. Excessive amounts of time at a computer can contribute to obesity, undeveloped social skills

by simply switching on the radio or television

and a form of addictive behavior.

A. matters

B. meetings

C. affections

3. The main purpose of media is to disseminate the information and knowledge. A. restrict

B. spread

C. conceal

D. make it off the

4. Cyber-bullying is commonplace online, causes emotional trauma, and sometimes even leads to suicide. B. motivation

C. disorder

D. excitement

5. The Internet is a treasure trove of information, which offers knowledge on any given topic under the sun. A. sparsely

B. scarcely

C. abundantly

D. undoubtedly

B. a bit much

C. unrestrained

D. limited

2. The Internet has become an indispensable business tool, which has helped bring the world closer. A. fundamental

record

A. stimulation

A. over the top

D. approval

B. vital

C. dispensable

D. significant

3. Newspapers enjoyed the position of the most preferred medium to reach a wider audience until electronic communication emerged on the media scene. A. turned up

B. came into view

C. came out

D. disappeared

4. For many teens, texting is the dominant way that they communicate on a day-to-day basis with their friends. A. secondary

B. principal

C. leading

D. outstanding

5. Duolingo helps you learn multiple languages simultaneously at no extra charge.

A. concurrently

B. together

C. at the same time

D. singly

6. These days more and more children are experiencing a stressful and miserable adolescence due to bullying. A. sorrowful

7. The truth of this statement has been effectively ____ in Chapter 1. A. demonstrated

B. depressed

C. contented

D. tragic

7. Studies show that bullying can greatly impact a child's life and have long-lasting negative effects.

A. popular

B. short-lived

C. permanent

D. lifelong

8. Until recently, many teachers and school officials turned a blind eye to bullying, believing that the students would eventually sort it out by themselves. B. paid no attention to

C. seemed ignorant of to

D. took no interest in

B. well off

C. rolling in money

D. well-to-do

B. eyeball to eyeball

C. indirect

D. direct

VII. Choose the best answer A, B, C or D to complete the sentences.

B. complain

C. show

B. large

C. widespread

D. much

B. sum

C. amount

D. average

D. awake

B. go

C. lead

D. aim

B. at

C. in

D. with

B. although

C. despite

C. progresses

D. goes forward

13. With Anki App, users can ____ themselves through quickly sessions, often lasting one minute or less, in order to test their knowledge of Japanese. B. compete

C. stop

D. doubt

A. in

B. on

C. with

D. for

A. in

B. for

C. since

D. at

A. for

B. when

C. while

D. since

A. last week

B. yet

C. recently

D. nowadays

C. far so

D. all ready

C. so far

D. lately

18. What have you been doing ____? C. creating

D. bringing

6. The sword was presented by the family ____ the museum. B. onto

B. moves forward

17. I've written to Helen ____. D. provided

5. Are you ____ trouble again? B. causing

A. continues

16. It's ages ____ I last ate Italian food.

4. We thought she was arrogant ____ in fact she was just very shy.

A. for

C. hope

15. I haven't seen Gary ____ a long time. Who is he?

3. The ____ of 4, 5 and 9 is 6.

A. doing

B. aware

14. The commission is calling for a global ban ____ whaling. D. demonstrate

2. Any event attended by the actor received ____ media coverage.

A. whereas

A. on

A. challenge

1. Have you any comment to ____ about the cause of the disaster?

A. total

D. publicity

12. The lessons provided by Duolingo are designed to increase in difficulty as the user ____.

10. Face-to-face socializing is not as preferred as virtual socializing among the youth.

A. big

C. public

video messages to other users that have the app installed on their devices.

videos every week.

A. make

B. popularity

11. The app - WhatsApp - relies ____ the Internet to send images, texts, documents audio and

9. Some people with large enough fans bases can earn a very wealthy living by uploading a few

A. facing

D. published

10. Focusing upon human curiosity is an ingenious idea that would ____ to the creation and launch of Quota in June, 2009. A. direct

A. became attentive to

A. impoverished

C. declared

9. As far as I'm ____ nobody has done anything about it. A. know

A. durable

B. pronounced

8. Their music still enjoys widespread ____ among teenagers.

C. to

A. today

B. yesterday

19. I had dinner with Sue ____. D. with

A. last night

B. already

20. Twitter is a micro-blogging ____ that allows users to post brief, 140 character messages called "tweets" – and follow other users' activities. A. device

B. appliance

C. instrument

VIII. Choose the underlined part among A, B, C or D that needs correcting. 1. I was merely questioning weather we had the money to fundsuch a project.

D. tool

→

21. After you ____, it automatically connects you to all the people in your address book who also

whether

are using WhatsApp.

2. We'll see you after the performance also give you £50 for the tickets, or however much they

A. log out

B. sign up

C. start

D. access

cost.

22. Similar to the way they use Facebook, teens may ____ the "success" of their photos - even their self-worth - by the number of likes or comments they receive. A. value

B. indicate

C. weigh

D. measure

B. connect

C. relate

D. associate

B. when

C. since

B. didn't go

C. hasn't - went

D. hasn't - has gone

5. There's not much flour leftbut you're welcome to what few there is. A

A. promise - don't finish

B. promised - didn't finish

little

C. have promised - didn't finish

D. have promised - haven't finished

6. Susan sleptsoundly for 10 hours! You must wake her.

27. I'm sorry about not coming last week. I ____ a cold and so I ____ at home. B. had - stayed

C. have had - stayed

A D. have/ have

stayed

B. have - saw

C. have - see

D. have - had seen

B. have come

C. come

D. came

30. I'm phoning about your advertisement for a bicycle for sale, which ____ in the local paper.

→ has

A. Saw - Have you sold

A spite of/ Despite

D → In

→ in/

during 9. The members of the personnel committee has decided to revise the employee handbook.

____it? Or is it still available?

C. saw - did you sell

been sleeping

8. Sales of the newest computer have doubled since the past eight months.

29. It's nice to be back here, in London. It's the second time I ____ here. A. am coming

→

7. Because of coming into the office on weekends, Mr. Smith never gets enough work done.

28. Wait a minute. I ____ an idea. Let's go and see Roger. We last ____ him a long time ago. A. had - saw

D → In

addition to

26. I can't give you the report I ____ for today because I ____.

A. have - stay

→

besides City.

D. as

25. Harry ____ look well since he on a diet. A. doesn't - went

→ and

4. In addition her flat in Hanoi, she has a new house in Vung Tau and a villa in Ho Chi Minh

24. Tom hasn't been here ____ you came here together. A. for

3. Do they playany other sports beside basketball and volleyball?

23. This social network - LinkedIn-basically lets you ____ with people in a professional way. A. join

give

B. have seen - did you sell D. have seen - have you sold

have 10. No one knows what the ultimate affect of the global pollution will be.

→

effect C. READING

to check out Twitter. Part of Twitter's appeal is that it limits users to 140 characters whenever they update their status, nisor people to quickly "get to the point" when they are communicating.

I. Fill each of the numbered blanks in the following passage. Use only one word in each

Twitter is a micro blogging service that was (3) ____ by four American programmers in 2006. The founders chose the name Twitter because the word has two definitions: "a short burst

space.

of information" and "the sound that little birds make", both of (4) ____ fit the description of what worth

sources

information

physical

publications

delivered

contents

drawbacks

convey

subscriptions As printed media begin to lose their dominance as a way to (1) ____ convey _____ information to the world, electronic media have stepped up and taken their place. Many people no longer read newspapers or magazines in their traditional paper forms, but they still do read. The (2) ____ physical ____ delivery system is what has happened, may people are reading newspapers or magazines off of their smartphones, tablets, or on their computer screens. The (3) ____ contents _____ of the newspapers and magazines strive to be the same, but the new way it is presented has some (4) ____ drawbacks ____ as well as benefits. One of the biggest drawbacks about electronic newspapers and magazines is that they are often read without a subscription. As electronic media are (5) ____ delivered ____ instantly over the Internet, the only way that money can be made is through advertisements, as most people

their service provides. In fact, some people have even labeled Twitter the "SMS of the Internet". Twitter is not just (5) ____ words though. Users can also share videos and pictures. Another thing which truly sets Twitter apart from its competition is the hash tag. Hash tags are a special way of labeling and (6) ____ information. They help people interested in a subject to find related posts and content. For example, some interested in sports could simply search for hash tag sports and they would find all messages tagged in this manner. Twitter has also allowed people to easily connect with others who they would have never had access to in the past. This has enabled fans to interact with their favorite celebrities by following their Twitter updates and sending them direct messages. (7) ____, there is no guarantee that the famous person will respond, as the celebrities may receive thousands of messages each day. However, there have been some pretty stunning interactions. (8) ____ 2011, singer Justin Timberlake made headlines when he accepted an invitation from a female soldier to attend a Marine Corps ball. In return, many celebrities find it gratifying to know some of their

don't want to pay for electronic

supporters more closely. However, there is a dark side to Twitter (9) ____. Some people who don't think before send out tweets that can cause outrage by making inappropriate or insensitive

(6) ___ subscriptions ___. This has left many of the news outlets on the Internet scrambling to

remarks.

find (7) _____ sources ____ of revenue.

In November 2013, Twitter went public on the New York Stock Exchange. The added investments should (10) ____ the company to do some incredible things in the near future 1. A. position

B. site

C. area

D. side

2. A. what

B. which

C. who

D. that

3. A. published

B. went

C. turned

D. created

4. A. when

B. which

C. that

D. While

task of all.

5. A. in

B. for

C. about

D. from

II. Choose the word or phrase among A, B, C or D that best fits the blank space in the following passage.

6. A. classifying

B. allowing

C. defining

D. sending

7. A. Moreover

B. Of course

C. However

D. Although

At the start of the social media revolution, Facebook quickly became the most popular (1) ____ for sharing information with others. However, it is not the only service that people can

8. A. In

В. Ву

C. Within

D. During

9. A. organizations

B. conversations

C. applications

D. implementations

Probably the greatest criticism of online newspapers and magazines is that there often isn't very much invested in the stories as they come out. Rather than serious investigative journalism, the main point of many online (8) ____ publications ____ is merely to attract page views so that the advertisers on those pages must pay a small fee. In the age of (9) ____ information ____, finding the information (10) ____ worth ____ learning becomes the hardest

use to express themselves. Those (2) ____ believe in the old saying that "more is less" may want

10. A. make

B. help

C. have

D. allow

5. The scientist who developed the World Wide Web was majoring in

III. Read the passage and choose the best answer.

A. math and physics

B. math and computer

The World Wide Web was developed by British physicist and computer scientist Timothy Berners-Lee as a project within the European Organization for Nuclear Research

C. computer and physics

D. math, physics and computer

(CERN) in Geneva, Switzerland. Berners-Lee combined several existing ideas into a single system to make it easier for physicists to use data on the Internet. Most important, he added multimedia - the ability to include graphics - to the hyperlink concept found in a previous Internet service known as gopher. Berners-Lee had begun working with hypertext in the early 1980s. An early prototype implementation of the Web became operational at CERN in 1989, and the idea quickly spread to universities in the rest of the world. Groups at the National Center for Supercomputing Applications at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign researched and extended Web technology. They developed the first browser that was used at many sites, named Mosaic, in 1993. To allow the Web to be accessed from a wide variety of computer systems, researchers built multiple versions of Mosaic. Each version was designed to be used with a specific operating system, the software that controls the computer. Within a year, computer programmer Marc Andreessen had formed a commercial company, Netscape Communications Corporation, to build and sell Web technologies. New vocabulary: gopher (n.): chuột túi, sóc túi má

D. a French

C. only

D. numerous

C. technology

D. concept

4. Which word means "a connection that allows you to move easily between two computer documents or two pages on the Internet"? A. graphic

B. datum

C. to control the computer

D. to build and sell Web

technologies 8. Which sentence is not correct? A. "Hypertext" means "a way of joining a word or image to another page, document, etc. on the Internet or in another computer program so that you can move from one to the other easily".

B. Timothy Berners-Lee C. Marc Andreessen

3. Which word in the reading means "the instructions which control what a computer does; computer programs"? B. software

B. to use data on the Internet

A. The European Organization for Nuclear Research C. a Canadian

2. The word "multiple" in the reading means ____.

A. version

A to develop www

9. Who researched and extended Web technology?

1. The World Wide Web was developed by

B. single

D. Some existing ideas were combined into a single system by him. 7. What did "Netscape Communications Corporation" do?

D. The idea slowly spread to universities in the rest of the world.

operational (adj.): thuộc hoạt động, thao tác; có thể có hiệu lực

A. plural

C. Timothy Berners-Lee was the first person to develop WWW.

C. An early prototype implementation of the Web became operational at CERN in 1989.

implementation (n.): sự thi hành, sự thực hiện đầy đủ, sự bổ sung

B. a British

A Timothy Berners Lee spoke English very well B. Timothy Berners-Lee was born in Geneva, Switzerland

B. Berners-Lee had begun working with hypertext in the early 1980s.

prototype (n.): người (vật) đầu tiên, nguyên mẫu

A. an American

6. Which sentence below is not correct?

C. project

D. hyperlink

D. Groups at the National Center for Supercomputing Applications at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign 10. Which sentence is not correct? A. Mosaic was one of the scientists who developed WWW. B. The first browser that was used at many sites was developed in 1993. C. Each version was designed to be used with a particular working system.

D. Researchers built numerous versions of Mosaic to allow the Web to be accessed from a wide variety of computer systems. D. WRITING I. Rewrite the following sentences so that the second ones have the same meaning as the given sentence.

Hard as it seems, I am determined to put in for that certificate for all that volunteer work I've done for this event. 2. I have never tried those spicy Indian foods by hand before. This is the first time I’ve (ever) tried those spicy Indian foods by hand. 3. Thanks to her tough methods, we could work things out properly in the end.

1. "Please turn down the music. I'm trying to concentrate on my work." said Helen to her naughty

Had it not been for her tough methods, we couldn’t have worked things out properly in

brother.

the end.

Helen asked her naughty brother to turn down the music as she was trying to concentrate on her work. 2. There isn't any lump of sugar left and we've got three important guests arriving in the next five minutes. We are completely out of sugar and we’re got three important guests arriving in the next five minutes. 3. Just thinking about his torn shirt after fighting with the fierce dog makes me burst into laughter. The very thought of his torn shirt after fighting with the fierce dog makes me burst into laughter. 4. Jack will only give in to the maths problem if the time's up. Only if the time's up will Jack give in to the maths problem. 5. Benn's very hard - working but I won't give him this project. Hard-working as Benn is, I won't give him this project. 6. She said that she had won the scholarship as a result of pure luck.

4. It was her bliss ignorance that kept her stay free of stress in life and live her life to the best. Had it not been for her bliss ignorance, she wouldn’t have stayed free of stress in life and lived her life to the best. 5. It's more than 2 years since anyone heard of Julia. Julia was last heard of 2 years ago. 6. We were taken aback by her incredible memory, we couldn't give her the first prize. Taken aback as we were by her incredible memory, we couldn't give her the first prize. 7. The deadline for the receipt of this job application form is on August 8th. This job application form must be handed in/ submitted by/ returned/ received no later than August 8th. 8. Johnny is more intelligent than any other guy in his department. Johnny is the most intelligent guy in his department. Ill. Complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the first. 1. It's nearly twenty years since my father saw his brother.

She attributed her winning the scholarship to pure luck.

My father hasn’t seen his brother for nearly twenty years.

7. They have been working in this conical hat workshop for 2 years now.

2. Although he was seriously ill, he was determined to finish his work.

It is 2 years since they started working in this conical hat workshop. 8. It's no good crying over spilt milk, the bike's already been stolen. There's no point in crying over spilt milk, the bike's already been stolen. II. Rewrite the following sentences so that the second ones have the same meaning as the given sentence. 1. I am determined to put in for that certificate for all that volunteer work I've done for this event though it seems hard.

In spite of his serious illness, he was determined to finish his work. 3. When did you last ride a bike? How long is it since you rode a bike? 4. People say that this novel was written by a very young author. This novel is said to have been written by a very young author. 5. We haven't been to London since 1998.

The last time we went to London was in 1998.

9. A. unknown

B. wealthy

C. moment

D. mountain

6. My wait in the queue has lasted forty minutes so far.

10. A. comment

B. reading

C. healthy

D. lucky

III. Choose the best answer A, B, C or D to complete the sentences.

I have been waiting in the queue for forty minutes (so far). 7. I have not seen a more wonderful building anywhere.

1. This place is a terrible mess! What on earth ____?

Nowhere have I seen a more wonderful building.

A. did you do

8. The trip was so interesting that we couldn't forget it.

B. have you done

C. will you do

D. had you done

2. And now for an item of local news. Hampshire police ____ dangerous snake which ____ missing earlier in the week.

It was such an interesting trip that we couldn't forget it. 9. Because of the heavy rain, they couldn't go for a picnic last weekend. Because it rained heavily, they couldn't go for a picnic last weekend.

A. have found - went

B. have found - have gone

C. found - went

D. found - have gone

3. Pinterest is a very popular service, and the company's app is one of the most downloaded

10. I've never seen such a bad film as that one.

social media apps ____ in the Google Play Store.

That's the worst film I’ve ever seen.

A. online

PART 3: TEST YOURSELF I. Find the word which has a different sound in the part underlined. 1. A. media

B. network

C. website

D. connect

2. A. attitude

B. advent

C. advantage

D. mass

3. A. subscribe

B. connect

C. documentary

D. efficient

4. A. effective

B. efficient

C. expand

D. tablet

5. A. data

B. programme

C. instant

D. drama

6. A. cinema

B. concert

C. social

D. advancement

II. Choose the word which has a different stress pattern from the others. 1. A. media

B. cartoon

C. series

D. radio

2. A. photograph

B. programme

C. entertain

D. channel

3. A. video

B. television

C. theatre

D. information

4. A. deliver

B. visual

C. different

D. common

5. A. provide

B. listen

C. receive

D. believe

6. A. partner

B. something

C. classmate

D. discuss

7. A. national

B. Liverpool

C. recommend

D. internet

8. A. animal

B. comedy

C. importance

D. different

B. available

C. interactive

D. dominant

4. Instagram lets users snap, edit, and share photos and 15-second videos, either publicly or with a private ____ of followers. A. connection

B. system

C. network

D. round

5. Today, more than 1 billion people use WhatsApp to communicate ____ their friends, loved ones and even customers. A. to

B. for

C. in

D. with

6. This tooth ____ me lately! So I ____ an appointment with the dentist for Tuesday. A. has been killing have made

B was killing made

C. has been killing made

D. was killing have made

7. Someone ____ the cakes. I'll have to buy some more. A. has eaten

B. is eating

C. had eaten

D. was eating

8. What ____ your mum for her next birthday? Let me see it. A. did you buy

B. have you bought

C. will you buy

D. do you buy

C. learns

D. will learn

9. Tim ____ Russian but he finds it difficult. A. learned

B. has learned

10. Diana ____ twelve different dresses in the past week. A. is wearing

B. wears

C. had worn

D. has worn

11. I ____ everything you asked. What should I do now? A. did

B. will do

C. do

24. Officially, Robert's in charge, but in ____ Hannah runs the office. D. have done

12. Snapchat is an image messaging ____ software product that was created by Reggie Brown, Evan Spiegel and Bobby Murphy when they were students at Stanford University A. media

B. social

C. application

D. cyber

C. in

D. for

C. lively

D. living

13. Betty gets up very early to prepare ____ work. A. of

B. to

B. alive

15. We're reading a ____ book this week. A. differ

B. difference

B. heaviness

C. different

B. thought

B. memorize

C. heavier

B. for

B. to

C. thoughtful

D. thoughtless

B. manager

C. memorable

D. memorably

C. production

B. correction

C. healthy

D. healthily

B. produced

C. sent out

D. spread

B. on

B. to watch

C. with

C. watched

D. between

D. watching

30. ____ the newspaper article quickly and make a note of the main points. B. Scan

C. Scanned

D. To scan

C. will ask

D. to ask

31. If you need any help, please don't hesitate ____. A. asking

B. ask

32. I wish Dad would stop ____ in on my phone conversations D. transference

A. listening

B. listen

C. listened

D. to listen

33. Why not ____ (down) your ideas on a piece of paper before you start! C. from

D. to

C. for

D. by

C. management

C. corrective

A. writing

B. write

C. writes

D. to write

IV. Give the correct form of the words to complete the following sentences. 1. The police had ______secretly_______ filmed the conversations. SECRET 2. The media was accused of influencing the final ______decision______. DECIDE 3. This evidence supports the view that there is too much _____violence_____ on television.

D. manageable

VIOLENT

D. correctly

National Theatre. MEMORY

23. Students say it is helpful if teachers ____ their pronunciation. A. correct

A. released

A. Scanning

22. Diet plays an important role in the ____ of heart disease. A. manage

D. strongly

27. The app - Snapchat - was officially ____ in September 2011, and within a short span of time they have grown immensely with 100 million daily active users.

A. watch

21. The romance associated ____ Valentine's Day may have come from the medieval belief that birds select their mates on 14 February. A. with

B. healthful

D. heavily

20. I have not heard ____ my brother for ages. A. of

D. practically

26. Keep ____ by eating well and exercising regularly.

A. about

allows for the ____ of audio, video and images between users. B. transmission

C. strengthen

29. I had a train to catch, so I was ____ the clock all through the meeting.

19. Viber is not only a Voice over IP and instant messaging app for mobile devices but it also A. exchange

B. strong

share his life ____.

18. After the accident he suffered from loss of ____. A. memory

C. practical

D. differently

17. Ask me again tomorrow. I'll have to give it some ____. A. think

B. practise

28. Throughout his long life, John met hundreds of people, but he never truly found a person to

16. She has been ____ criticized in the press. A. heavy

A. strength

A. health

14. They take a ____ interest in their grandchildren. A. live

A. practice

25. Many locals are ____ opposed to the development.

4. She excelled in many great roles, most _______memorably_______ as Lady Macbeth at the

5. On his _____retirement____, colleagues presented him with a set of golf clubs. RETIRE

9. ____Since_____ the party she (only speak) ___had only spoken___ to him once.

6. The _____presentation_______ of prizes began after the speeches. PRESENT

10. I (not play) ____haven’t played___ tennis _____for_____ years.

7. The company must reduce costs to compete ______effectively_____. EFFECT

VII. Find the one mistake (A, B, C or D) in these sentences and then correct them.

8. We need to increase ______productivity______. PRODUCT

1. You can go to the seven o'clock show or a eight - whichever suits you best.

9. _____(dis-)ability_______ increases with age. ABLE

10. _____Homelessness____ is on the increase. HOME

eight

V. Fill each gap with an appropriate preposition.

2. We can't go to Julia's partybecause ofwe're going away that weekend.

1. She spent a lot of money ______on_____ cosmetics. 2. He had suffered ______from_____ loss of memory before he died. 3. They decided to name the new baby boy ____after_____ Grandpa. 4. Thank you for your letter. It was nice to hear _____from____ you again. 5. Most Americans don't object _____to_____ being called by their first names.

→ the

→

because 3. Could I speak towhomever is in charge of International Sales please? A

→

whoever 4. I was just getting into the bath where the telephone rang.

6. They succeeded ____in______ escaping ____from_____ the burning house.

→

7. Will you please remind Helen ______of_______ her appointment with the dentist?

when

8. Many people have contributed ______to____ the production of a finished film.

5. We knew a lot of about the topic already, but his talk was interesting nevertheless.

9. I think he is unwell; he was complaining _____about_____ a headache this morning. 10. I expect it will rain again when we're on holiday this year, but at least we are properly prepared ____for___ it this time. VI. Complete the following sentences with "for" or "since", and the correct form of the verb in brackets. 1. There (be) _____is______ a phone message _____for_____ you. 2. She (be) ____has been_____ off work ______since_____ Tuesday.

→ a lot

VIII. Fill in each blank in the sentences with the correct word from the box. subscribe

addicted

dominant

web

media

interact

networking

cyberbullying

1. For many teens, texting is the ____ dominant ____ way that they communicate on a day-today basis with their friends. 2. Video games, social media and mobile phones play an integral role in how teens meet and ___

3. I (buy) ___had better buy____ something ______for_____ the new baby.

interact ____

4. We (live) ___have lived____ here _____since_____ 1994.

with friends.

5. There (be) _____is_______ a prize _____for_____ the fastest three runners in each category.

3. Social ____ media ____ networks are a major resource for both small and big businesses that

6. She (worry) ___had been worrying____ ever ____since_____ the letter (arrive)

are looking to promote their brands on the Internet.

___arrived____.

4. You can go in this website to ___ subscribe ___ for free and download the episodes straight to

7. She (be) _____will be_____ out of the office _____for____ a few days next week.

your phone, tablet, or computer.

8. He (work) ___has been working___ in a bank ____since_____ leaving school.

5. Teachers can use social ___ networking ____ to help their students connect and collaborate on a deeper level.

a simple search and it will appear in seconds. Evernote is available on smartphones, tablets and computers, so you can access your data from everywhere.

6. "Delicious" is a social bookmarking _____ web _____ service for discovering, storing and sharing web bookmarks.

Imagine this scenario. You are watching a TV show and you hear a cool song in the background. You want to buy it but there is one problem. You don't know the name of the song.

7. When you enter into any social network site, you will be ___ addicted ____ to those

SoundHound is (5) ____ that will make this problem a thing of the past. It enables users to

communities.

quickly identify songs by (6) ____ the app and holding their phone in the air. The app takes the

8. High usage of the Internet increases the risk of the being victims of __ cyberbullying _ or other cyber crimes.

song playing and compares it to thousands of other songs (7) ____ it finds a match. Within seconds, it can tell you the name, artist and album of the songs you just heard. (8) ____ spectacular app is Lookout. Hopefully you won't have to use it often but when you do need it, Lookout can be a lifesaver. Its main function is to help you find your phone if it

IX. Choose the word in the box to complete the text. until

get

live

events

transmitted

goes missing. Lookout does this by using your smartphone's data connection to locate your lost

landing

use

space

signals

expensive

device. To see (9) ____ your phone is on a map, simply log into Lookout from any web browser.

All early television was broadcast in black and while. Color television was possible, but it was too (1) ___ expensive ___ and of very poor quality (2) ____ until ___ the middle of the 1950s. Color television broadcasts began in the United States in 1954, in Japan in 1960, and in Europe in 1967. The first (3) ___ landing ___ on the moon was broadcast (4) ____ live ____ on television in 1969, and now television programs are (5) ___ transmitted ___ all over the world immediately through the (6) ___ use ___ of satellites that transmit the (7) ___ signals ___ from the Earth, through (8) ___ space ____, and back to the Earth. More people now (9) get f television is one of the most rapid and exciting (10) ____ events ____ of our century. X. Choose the word or phrase among A, B, C or D that best fits the blank space in the following passage. It is hard to imagine life in modern society (1) ____ smartphones. These handy little devices keep us entertained and enable us to manage important tasks on the goal. Although smartphones feature powerful hardware, they wouldn't be so useful without thousands of handy applications. (2) ____ are a few free and helpful apps that you can download to help you throughout the day. If you have a habit of forgetting things and want to organize your life, give Evernote a try. It promises to help users remember everything. With a few clicks, you can send all of your photos, documents, and audio notes to Evernote. Then, your (3) ____ information can be stored in folders or (4) ____ with useful keywords. When you need to access this data, you can perform

In the worst-case situation, if someone steals your phone and you fear it has gone for good, you can wipe out all of its data with a few clicks. This will ensure no one will see any private information on your phone. These helpful apps are just the (10) ____ of the iceberg. If you do some searching online, you are certain to find many other apps that will make your life more convenient. 1. A. with

B. by

C. without

D. from

2. A. Here

B. There

C. What

D. They

3. A. existance

B. digital

C. important

D. performance

4. A. played

B. did

C. behaved

D. tagged

5. A. an app

B. store

C. mall

D. shop

6. A. participating

B. thinking

C. launching

D. finding

7. A. until

B. by

C. with

D. for

8. A. Others

B. Anothers

C. Other

D. Another

9. A. Although

B. where

C. Unless

D. When

10. A. theory

B. product

C. tip

D. strategy

XI. Read the text and answer the questions. News Media are the means or methods by which people learn what is happening in the city, in the country and in the world. The news media can be classified into two general categories: the categories of print media and electronic media. Print media use the written material to communicate news to readers. Electronic media use air waves to send news into

homes, offices and public places. Print Media are usually divided into magazines and newspapers. Most newspapers print news daily. For example, the newspaper "The New York Times" is published every day of the year. Most news magazines are published weekly, for instance, Newsweek and Time magazines are published once a week. The electronic media are

C. Despite the cold, we all went for a walk. D. Despite being cold, we all went for a walk. 3. Tim gave up smoking to save money.

generally divided into radio and television, Radio news is news that you listen to. In the United States many radio stations broadcast five minutes of news every hour. T.V news is that you not

A. Tim gave up smoking because he didn't have enough money.

only listen to but also watch. In Canada and the United States, for example, many people watch an hour of news on TV at 6 o'clock in the evening. In the future, new categories of news media

C. Tim give up smoking because he wanted to save money.

will develop. Even today, computers are beginning to influence the transmission and reception of

B. Tim gave up smoking because he lacked money.

D. Tim gave up smoking because his money was saved. 4. We expected Larry to accept the job, but he didn't.

news.

A. Even though Larry was expected to accept the job, he didn't.

1. What do the print media use to communicate the news'? A. TV

B. radio

C. airwaves

D. newspapers

C. Larry didn't accept the job we liked.

2. What do the electronic media use to broadcast news? A. air waves

B. magazines

C. newspapers

D. all of the above

B. newspapers

C. radio program

D. television program

B. Time

C. The New York Times

D. All are

B. Sam lost his job because of his

C. Sam lost his job because of his laziness.

D. All are correct.

XIII. Rewrite each sentence, beginning as shown, so that the meaning stays the same.

correct.

1. Steve started learning the violin a month ago.

5. Which of the following electronic media are broadcast? A. TV program

A. Sam lost his job because he was lazy. being lazy.

4. Which of the following print media are published? A. Newsweek

D. Larry was turned down for the job we expected him to do. 5. Sam was lazy, so he lost his job.

3. What is the New York Times an example of? A. magazine

B. Larry expected to accept the job, but we didn't want.

B. newspapers

C. magazines

D. None is correct.

-> Steve has learned the violin for a month.

XII. Choose the correct sentence among A, B, C or I) which has the same meaning as the

2. I haven't been to an Australian restaurant for ages.

given one.

-> It's ages since I went to an Australian restaurant.

1. She began to play the piano three years ago.

3. When she heard the results, Mary began to feel more confident.

A. She has played the piano since three years.

B. She has played the piano

for three years. C. She doesn't play the piano now. piano now. 2. Although it was cold, we all went for a walk. A. Despite of the cold weather, we all went for a walk. B. Despite the cold weather, we all went for a walk.

> Since hearing the results Mary has felt more confident. 4. The last time Peter came here was in 2000.

D. She stops playing the

-> Peter hasn't been here since 2000. 5. This is my first visit to Japan. -> This is the first time I’ve been to Japan. 6. How long have they been married? -> When did they get married?

7. Jack bought those shirts last month and has been wearing them ever since.

• unify /ˈjuːnɪfaɪ/ (v): thống nhất

-> Jack has been wearing those shirts ever since he bought them last month.

• unique /juˈniːk/ (a): độc lập, duy nhất, chỉ có 1

8. It's a long time since our last conversation.

• unite /juˈnaɪt/ (v): đoàn kết

-> We haven’t had a conversation for a long time.

• worship /ˈwɜːʃɪp/ (v): tôn kính, thờ cúng

9. Thanks, but I had something to eat earlier.

B. GRAMMAR REVIEW

-> Thanks, but I've already eaten.

1. THÌ HIỆN TẠI HOÀN THÀNH TIẾP DIỄN

10. This is my first game of water-polo.

- Dùng để chỉ sự việc xảy ra trong quá khứ nhưng vẫn còn tiếp tục ở hiện tại và có thể -vẫn còn tiếp diễn trong tương lai. Chúng ta sử dụng thì này để nói về sự việc đã kết thúc nhưng chúng ta

-> I haven’t played water-polo before.

vẫn còn thấy ảnh hưởng.

Câu khẳng định

Câu phủ định

Câu nghi vấn

S+ have/has + been + Ving

S + haven't/hasn't been +

Have/Has + S + been + V-

Ving

ing?

Unit 5. CULTURAL IDENTITY - KEY PART 1: VOCABULARY AND GRAMMAR REVIEW A. VOCABULARY • assimilate /əˈsɪməleɪt/ (v): đồng hóa • assimilation /əˌsɪməˈleɪʃn/ (n): sự đồng hóa • attire /əˈtaɪə(r)/ (n): quần áo, trang phục

CHÚ Ý: - S = I/ We/ You/ They +

CHÚ Ý:

have

- haven't = have not

- Yes, I we you/ they + have.

- S = He She It + has

- hasn't = has not

- Yes, he/she/it + has.

Ví dụ:

Vi dụ:

• cultural identity /ˈkʌltʃərəl aɪˈdentəti/: bản sắc văn hóa

- It has been raining for 1 week. (Trời mua 1 tuần rồi.)

- I haven't been studying English for 5 years. (Tôi không

- Have you been standing in the rain for more than 2

• cultural practices /ˈkʌltʃərəl ˈpræktɪs/: các hoạt động văn hóa, tập quán văn hóa

- She has been living here for

học tiếng Anh được 5 năm rồi.)

hours? (Bạn đứng dưới mưa

• custom /ˈkʌstəm/ (n): phong tục, tập quán

one year. (Cô ấy sống ở đây

- She hasn't been watching

hơn 2 tiếng đồng hồ rồi phải

được một năm rồi.)

films since last year. (Cô ấy không xem phim từ năm

không?) - Yes, I have./ No, I haven't.

ngoái.)

- Has he been typing the report since this morning?

• blind man's bluff: trò chơi bịt mắt bắt dê

• diversity /daɪˈvɜːsəti/ (n): tính đa dạng • flock /flɒk/ (v): lũ lượt kéo đến • maintain /meɪnˈteɪn/ (v): bảo vệ, duy trì • martial spirit /ˈmɑːʃl ˈspɪrɪt/ (n.phr): tinh thần thượng võ • multicultural /ˌmʌltiˈkʌltʃərəl/ (a): đa văn hóa • national custome /ˌnæʃnəl ˈkɒstjuːm/: trang phục dân tộc • national pride /ˌnæʃnəl praɪd/: lòng tự hào dân tộc • solidarity /ˌsɒlɪˈdærəti/ (n): sự đoàn kết, tình đoàn kết

(Anh ấy đánh máy bài báo cáo từ sáng rồi rồi phải không?) - Yes, he has./No, he hasn't.

recently, since, for • Cách sử dụng thì hiện tại hoàn thành tiếp diễn:

afternoon, all day long, since, for, how long...

3. SO SÁNH KÉP

Cách dùng

Ví dụ

Hành động bắt đầu ở quá khứ và còn đang tiếp

She has been waiting for you all day (Cô nàng

tục ở hiện tại (nhấn mạnh tính liên tục)

đã đợi cậu cả ngày rồi). She has been working here since 2010. (Cô ấy làm việc ở đây từ năm 2010).

Hành động đã kết thúc trong quá khứ, nhưng

It has been raining (Trời vừa mưa xong).

chúng ta quan tâm tới kết quả tới hiện tại.

I am very tired now because I have been working hard for 12 hours. (Bây giờ tôi rất mệt vì tôi đã làm việc vất vả trong 12 tiếng đồng hồ).

a. Lũy tiến: càng ngày càng... • Short Adj/ Adv S + be/ V + adj/ ady - er and adj/ adv - er Ex: The climate is getting hotter and hotter. • Long Adj/ Adv S + be/ V + more and more + adj/ adv Ex: The environment is more and more polluted. b. Đồng tiến: càng ... càng... • Short Adj/ Adv

2. PHÂN BIỆT HIỆN TẠI HOÀN THÀNH và HIỆN TẠI HOÀN THÀNH TIẾP DIỄN Dạng thức, chức năng và cách sử dụng Thì hiện tại hoàn thành và thì hiện tại hoàn thành tiếp diễn

The adj/ adv – er + S1 + V1, the adj, adv – er + S2 + V2 Ex: The older he is, the weaker he becomes. • Long Adj/ Adv

Hiện tại hoàn thành

Hiện tại hoàn thành tiếp diễn

1. Nhấn mạnh đến tính kết quả của một

1. Nhấn mạnh tính liên tục của một hành động

hành động

Ex: I have read this book three times.

Ex: She has been waiting for him all her lifetime.

2. Được sử dụng trong một số công thức

2. Được sử dụng trong một số công thức sau:

- I have been running all the afternoon.

- I have studied English since I was 6 years

- She has been hoping to meet him all day long.

old. - He has played squash for 4 years.

- I am so tired. I have been searching for a new apartment all the morning.

- I have been to London twice.

- How long have you been playing the piano?

- I have never seen her before.

- She has been teaching here for about 12 years.

- She has just finished her project.

The more adj/ adv + S1 + V1, the more adj/ adv + S2 + V2 Ex: The more luxurious the car is, the more expensive it becomes. c. Càng càng với danh từ. The more + N + S1 + V1, the more + N + S2 + V2 Ex: The more books you read, the more knowledge you will get. d. Càng càng với động từ. The more + N + S1 + V1, the more + N + S2 + V2 Ex: The more he works, the more he earns.

Note: Vế 2 là 1 trong 3 công thức của vế 1 cho phù hợp. Ex:

1. The hotter it is, the more tired we feel.

- She has already had breakfast.

2. The more we study, the more intelligent we are.

- He has not met her recently.

3. The more rice we export, the richer our country.

3. Signal Words: ever, never, just, already,

3. Signal Words: all the morning, all the

PART 2: PRACTICE

9. The children (not finish) ____haven’t finished____ their homework yet.

A. PHONETICS

10. You (ever be) _____have you ever been__ to the zoo?

I. Choose a word in each line that has different stress pattern. 1. A. pressure

B. whiteboard

C. diverse

D. present (n)

11. I (read) ____have read______ that novel by Hemingway several times before.

2. A. drastically

B. distinction

C. enjoyable

D. dependent

12. How long you (learn) ____have you been learning____ English?

3. A. identifier

B. multicultural

C. agricultural

D. international

13. We (study) _____have studied______ almost every lesson in this book so far.

4. A. notification

B. association

C. competition

D. participation

14. I never (eat) _____have never eaten_____ snake meat.

5. A. demolish

B. syllabus

C. industrial

D. commercial

15. Oh no! Someone (steal) ____has stolen_____ my bag.

6. A. achievement

B. encourage

C. integrate

D. tradition

II. Read the situations and complete the sentences.

7. A. computer

B. socialize

C. diversity

D. facility

1. It's raining. The rain started two hours ago. It ____has been raining___ for two hours.

II. Find the word which has a different sound in the part underlined.

2. We are waiting for the bus. We started waiting for 20 minutes. We ___have been waiting__

1. A. housework

B. vision

C. hospital

D. classroom

for 20 minutes.

2. A. diversity

B. remind

C. unite

D. attire

3. I'm learning Spanish. I started classes in December. I ___have been learningSpanish ____

3. A. burden

B. curtain

C. turtle

D. curriculum

4. A. unity

B. martial

C. practice

D. spirit

5. A. responsive

B. content

C. sector

D. sense

6. A. benefit

B. narrow-minded

C. application

D. non-profit

They ___have been going there___ for years.

7. A. costume

B. custom

C. culture

D. buff

III. Put the verb into the present continuous. (I am -ing) or present perfect continuous (I

8. A. evaluation

B. facilitator

C. guidance

D. female

have been -ing)

since December. 4. Mary is working in London. She started working there on 18 January. She ___has been working there___ since 18 January. 5. Our friends always spend their holidays in Italy. They started going there years ago.

B. VOCABULARY AND GRAMMAR

1. Maria has been learning (Maria/ learn) English for two years.

I. Give the correct form of the verb in the brackets.

2. Hello, Tom _______I’ve been looking_____ (I/ look) for you. Where have you been?

1. I (know) ___have known____ him all my life.

3. Why ______are you looking______ (you/look) at me like that? Stop it!

2. They (live) ____have been living_____ in that house for two years.

4. Linda is a teacher, ____she has been teaching_____ (she/ teach) for ten years.

3. My brother (write) ____has written_____ three books.

5. _____I’ve been thinking_____ (I/ think) about what you said and I've decided to take your

4. She (not break) ____hasn’t broken___ her leg yet.

advice.

5. She (already break) ___has already broken___ her arm.

6. 'Is Paul on holiday this week?' 'No, ____he’s working_____’ (he/ work?)

6. I (see) _____have seen______ an elephant several times.

7. Sarah is very tired ____she’s been working______ (she/ work) very hard recently.

7. She (have) _____has had_____ that dress for ten years.

VI. The word in brackets at the end of each of the following sentences can be used to form a

8. We (be) ____have been_____ here for hours!

word that fitssuitably in the blank.

1. My sister works hard to ____maintain____ close friendships with the students she studied with in London. Maintainance

3. They were playing (funny) _____funny______ games all summer long, but then came autumn and each pig wanted to build a house.

2. A nation's culture resides in the ____hearts____ and in the soul of its people. (Mahatma Gandhi) Heart

4. The first pig was not only the (small) ___smallest____ but also the (lazy) ____laziest___ of the pigs.

3. A people without the _____knowledge____ of their past history, origin and culture is like a

5. He (quick) ____quickly______ built a house out of straw.

tree without roots. (Marcus garvey) Know

6. The second pig made his house out of wood which was a bit (difficult) ____more difficult

4. Many of the different _____aboriginal______ groups in North America speak their own unique language. Aborigin

____ than building a straw house.

5. Jane had to _____assimilate____ a great deal of information on the first day of her new job.

(difficult)

Assimilation

_____most difficult _____ house to build.

6. The orchid family of flowers is the largest is the largest, most _____diverse____ plant family found in nature. Diversity

8. The pig worked very (hard) ____hard_____, but finally got his house ready before winter.

7. Vietnamese _____customs____ of weddings, funerals, holidays and rituals all are attached to

(good) ____well_____ in their houses.

village community. Customery 8. The ways a person dresses and behaves in public are distinct examples of ____cultural____ diversity and belief patterns. Culture V. Complete each of the following sentences, using the structure comparative + and + comparative with the word in blackets. 1. The warmer the weather, the _______more________ I liked him. 2. The more you practice your English, the ________ more ________ you will learn. 3. The longer he waited, the _________ more _______ impatient he became. 4. The ______ more ________ electricity you use, the higher your bill will be. 5. The more expensive the hotel, the _______better________ the service. 6. The more I got to know him, the ______ more _______ I liked him. 7. The more you have, the __________ more _________ you want. VI. Complete the following sentences with the appropriate form of the words in brackets. 1. Once upon a time there were three little pigs who wanted to see the world. When they left home, their mum gave them some advice: whatever you do, do it the (good) _____best_____ you can. 2. So the three pigs wandered through the world and were the (happy) ____happiest____ pigs you've ever seen.

7. The third pig followed his mum's advice and built a strong house out of bricks, which was the

9. During the cold winter months, the three little pigs lived (extreme) ___extremely____ 10. They (regular) ___regularly____ visited one another and had the (wonderful) ____most wonderful___ time of their lives. VII. Combine the sentences, using DOUBLE COMPARATIVE 1. She studies hard, she will get good grades. The harder she studies, the better grades she will get. 2. You rest much, you will feel better. The more you rest, the better you will feel. 3. The weather is warmer, I feel better. The warmer the weather is, the better I feel. 4. We leave early, we will arrive soon. The earlier we leave, the sooner we will arrive. 5. We have much knowledge, we become wise. The more knowledge we have, the wiser we become. 6. You are young, you learn easily. The younger you are, the more easily you learn. 7. The hotel is expensive, the services are good. The more expensive the hotel is, the better the services are.

8. You use much electricity, your bill will be high.

A. light

A. obtrusive

10. He is old, he learns slowly.

A. incorrect

11. She eats much, she will become fat.

A. quick

A. made

A. answer

14. I waited long. I got angry.

A. suggest

15. I live far. I feel homesick.

VIII. Indicate the word(s) OPPOSITE in meaning to the underlined word(s) in each of the following questions. 1. The mass media has become one of the main instruments of political change. C. tiny

D. small

2. We ought to keep these proposals secret from the chairman for the time being. C. accessible

D. revealed

3. Match the word in A with its appropriate definition in B. C. improper

D. unreal

C. imagine

D. want

6. Heavy rain causes floods all over the country.

C. hard

D. good

B. did

C. started

D. construct

B. hidden

C. confidence

D. basis

B. tell

C. speak

D. talk

D. need

B. numbers

C. truth

D. news

4. What types of the media are the most and the least important to you? A. successful

B. significant

C. Wonderful

D. attractive

5. Listen to the two radio news stories and check the right column under News story 1 and News story 2. A. honest

B. honorable

C. good

D. precise

6. Television can make things more memorable because it presents information in a more effective way. B. expensive

C. successful

D. pretty

7. Some television programs may make people violent. A. rapid

5. What are the differences among types of the media? C. likes

A. things

A. clever

4. What program do you dislike watching and why not?

B. sameness

B. diligent

3. Documentary is a film or a radio or television program giving facts about something.

The farther I live, the more homesick I feel.

A. peace

D. unpleasant

2. Which channel do you recommend to someone who likes animals?

The longer I waited, the angrier I got.

B. think

C. hateful

1. The President escaped through a secret passage underneath the parliament building.

The more you have, the more you want.

A. fancy

B. improper

the following questions.

13. You have much, you want more.

B. illegal

D. strong

IX. Indicate the word(s) CLOSEST in meaning to the underlined word(s) in each of

The older she is, the more beautiful she becomes.

A. indirect

C. energetic

10. The council demolished it.

The more she eats, the fatter she will become. 12. She is older, she becomes more beautiful.

B. frequented

B. enterprising

9. We don't have to think so our brain becomes lazy.

The older he is, the more slowly he learns.

A. lively

D. trivial

8. It is an enjoyable way to relax.

The more I thought about the plan, the less I like it.

B. fewer

C. tiny

7. Television can make us passive.

The more electricity you use, the higher your bill will be. 9. I thought about the plan, I like it little.

A. less

B. thin

B. insane

C. extreme

D. good

8. Television also interferes with family life and communication. A. conflicts

B. comes

C. goes

D. chats

9. I'm afraid you've made a mistake. A. wrongness

A. have finished

B. error

C. badness

D. ugliness

B. worldly

C. universal

D. overall

X. Choose the best answer.

A. more an athlete than

B. more of an athlete than

C. an athlete more than

D. an athlete of more than

B. the most angry

A. twice as big as C. the more angry

B. as twice big as

C. as two times big as

D. as big as

twice

D. angrier and

12. ____ live in Ho Chi Minh City than in the whole of the rest of the country.

2. People should eat ____ and do ____ to reduce the risk of heart disease.

A. As much as people

A. less fat/more exercise

B. less and less fat/the more exercise

C. the less fat/the more exercise

D. fatter/more exercise

A. existing

A. The hotter/the more and more

B. The hotter/the more

C. The more and more hot/the more

D. The hottest/the most

A. customs

C. the most difficult

C. As many as people

B. general

C. particular

D. unique

D. more and

B. habits

C. activities

D. establishment

15. It gets ____ to understand what the professor has explained.

more difficult

A. the more difficult

B. more difficult than

5. Increasing your vocabulary will make it easier for you to ____ reading comprehension skills.

C. difficult more and more

D. more and more difficult

A. fit

B. allow

C. use

14. We spend a lot of time together as a family, which sometimes is the best way to learn about ____.

4. It gets ____ to understand what the professor has explained. B. mostly difficult

B. More people

People more 13. Touring the small villages of Vietnam by bicycle was a(n) ____ experience.

3. He spent a year in India and loves spicy food. ____ the food is, ____ he likes it.

A. most difficult

D. are finishing

11. His house is ____ mine.

1. As she did so, her parents became ____. A. the angriest angrier

C. finished

10. She is ____ a spectator.

10. It makes us aware of our global responsibilities. A. national

B. have been finishing

16. You must drive slower in built up areas. ____ you drive in the city, it is ____ that you will have an accident.

D. assimilate

6. Of course you can come to the party. ____.

A. The faster and faster/the more

A. The more the merrier

B. The more and the merrier

C. The more and merrier

D. The more and more merrier

B. The faster/the more probable C. The more and more fast/the more and more probable

7. I feel ____ I did yesterday. A. much more tired than

B. many more tired than

C. as many tired as

D. as

D. The more fastly/the probable 17. The party was ____ I had expected

more tired as 8 Cultural identity must be ____ and locals should be encouraged to continue their traditions in

A. more a hundred times funny than

B. a hundred times funny more than

the wake of tourism.

C. a hundred times funnier than

D. a hundred times more funny than

A. protected

B. insured

C. assured

D. confirmed

9. I can't believe that you ____ all the three exercises. You just started five minutes ago.

18. He finds physics ____ other science subjects. A. far more difficult than

B. many more difficult than

C. too much more difficult than

D. more much difficult than

19. Combining physical activity with a healthy diet is the best way to a ____ healthy body weight A. provide

B. support

C. maintain

D. express

20. Each ethnic group has its own cultural identities, thus, the Vietnamese culture has both ____ B. variety

C. similarity

D. diversity

21. ____ he drank, ____ he became. A. More/more violent

B. The most/the most violent

C. The more/the more violent

D. The less/less violent

B. as clever as

C. the cleverer

D. the cleverest

23. Culture is the lens with which we evaluate everything around us; we ____ what is proper or improper, normal or abnormal, through our culture. A. express

B. evaluate

C. calculate

D. signal

tourism creates "fake traditional culture". This means that the local people wear traditional (6) ____, and do traditional dances only for tourists, but that is not their real lifestyle. Their real lifestyles are similar (7) ____ the tourists lifestyle. They are just pretending because they want to make money. Another problem is that tourists can interfere with the local people's lives. For example,

B. more and more high

C. the highest

tourists take photographs and make noise. This often bothers the local people. Sometimes tourists also damage local sites. If 500 people enter an (8) ____ temple every day, they may damage that temple. No matter (9) ____, more and more tourists want to learn about traditional cultures. Most local people want more tourism, because tourists bring money and help local businesses. Tourists have to respect local culture and places. Local governments have to make laws that protect

24. In some parts of the country, prices are ____ than in others. A. high higher

well.

sometimes tourists come to watch local people praying in temples. While the local people pray,

22. Mary was ____ of the two sisters. A. the clever

Tourism also helps people respect each other. If you understand another culture well, you will probably respect that culture much more. You will probably want to (5) ____ that culture as However, tourism is not always good for traditional culture. Many people say that

and unity. A. difference

They will wear traditional clothing, and sell traditional food. They will also have shows for tourists. These shows can be (4) ____, concerts, plays, or something else.

D. higher and

places and lifestyles. If everyone is responsible, then tourism will be (10) ____ for traditional cultures. 1. A. ideal

B. traditional

C. regular

D. new

2. A. other

B. others

C. one

D. another

3. A. alive

B. clean

C. beautiful

D. luxury

C. READING

4. A. dances

B. foundations

C. establishment

D. fact

I. Choose the word or phrase among A, B, C or D that best fits the blank space in the following passage.

5. A. work

B. train

C. protect

D. prevent

6. A. shows

B. costumes

C. acts

D. symbolizes

Travelling is a great thing to do. It helps us learn about different people and different places. Some people travel because they want to see nature. Others travel because they want to

7. A. with

B. for

C. by

D. to

25. French is a ____ language to learn than English is. A. difficult

B. more difficult

C. most difficult

D. more and more

difficult

make friends and try great food. Of course, a lot of tourists are interested in (1) ____ culture. Tourism can be very good for traditional cultures. This is because when people travel to (2) ____ country, they often want to learn more about that country's traditions, such as music, food, and history. Therefore, the local people in that country will keep their traditional culture (3) ____.

8. A. ancient

B. attractive

C. impressive

D. famous

9. A. what

B. how

C. that

D. when

10. A. big

B. large

C. great

D. nice

II. Fill in the blank with a suitable word in the box.

encountered belief

foundation

influence

code

There are four classes, also known as varnas, in India's caste system. The highest one is Brahmin. People in this class have jobs in education and religion. These are seen as extremely

practising Traditions

principles

represents

embrace

important functions for the society as they deal with the knowledge. The second highest level is

The definition of cultural identity, in its most basic form, is a sense of belonging. This includes a shared sense of companionship, beliefs, interests and basic (1) _____ principles ____ of living. When a person identifies with their culture, they often (2) ______ embrace ___ traditions that have been passed down through the years. The cultural identity links a person to their heritage, and it can help them to identify with others who have the same traditions and basic (3) ____ belief ___ systems. Some people claim that a person's cultural identity is the (4) ____ foundation ____ or groundwork on which every other aspect of their being is built. It is the cornerstone of what makes them who they are. Following one's culture often means (5) _____ practising _____ a specific religion, wearing a certain type of clothing or something else that (6) _____ represents ____ their culture. It creates an outward visible means of identifying that person as part of a particular culture or nationality. The Aboriginal tribes of Australia and New Zealand are excellent examples of this. Many tribes still live and behave as they did when they first (7) ____ encountered ______ white civilization. They hunt, dress, celebrate and live their lives as if no one has ever attempted to (8) ____ influence ____ them. They follow a tribal form of government and also stick to a strict (9) _____ code _______ of ethics both in tribal and family life. (10) ______ Traditions ______ are often passed down from generation to generation and have been in existence for hundreds of years. III. Read the following passage and choose the best answer to each of the questions. UNDERSTANDING INDIA'S CASTE SYSTEM It has been said that life is what we make of it. In other words, if we work hard and focus on our goals, we can have great careers and enjoy high status is society. However, these opportunities don't exist for everyone. In some places, the family you are born into will decide almost everything about your life. India's caste system is an example of this.

the Kshatriya, or ruling class. People from this group can be soldiers, landowners, or have jobs in politics. The class beneath this is the Vaishya. These people often work in the commercial sector as merchants. The fourth class level is the Shudra. Shudras typically work as unskilled laborers doing factory or farm work, or they may also be employed as artists. There is another group, the Harijan, that is at the bottom and considered to be outside of the caste system. For many years, they were known as Untouchables, people from this caste held the most undesirable jobs in society, such as cleaning up garbage. Furthermore, they weren't allowed to pray at public temples or drink water from the same wells as other classes. If someone from another caste came into contact with an Untouchable, they were considered dirty and would be expected to bathe vigorously to clean themselves, Although the caste system still exists in India, the government is taking steps to improve the living conditions and decrease unemployment rates for the Shudras and Harijan. This includes providing better health care, offering literacy programmes, and making sure that people from higher social classes do not exploit them. It seems unlikely that the caste system will disappear any time soon, but the overall conditions for those at the bottom do seem to be improving. 1. Which of the following is not true about India's caste system? A. The caste system has been used in India for a long time. B. The Kshatriya is the second highest class. C. Hard work helps people move up in the caste system. D. It is possible that a Shudra would work on a farm. 2. The word "this" in paragraph 1 refers to ____. A. the fact that your origin will mostly decide your future B. the pleasure of life in India C. the India's caste system existing for thousands of years

The caste system is a major part of the Hindu religion that has existed for thousands of

D. the major part of the Hindu religion

years. It is a way of organizing and grouping people based on the occupation of the family. Castes will determine whom people can socialize with and their place in society. Originally, a

3. What is the caste system mainly based on?

person's caste was supposed to be determined by their personality, but over time it has been linked to their job and family.

A. What a person believes on

B. When a person starts school

C. Who a person's parents are

D. Where a person was born

4. What kind of job would a Brahmin likely have? A. A priest

B. A warrior

C. An inventor

D. A painter

returned if the bride fails to bear children.

5. What could replace the word "ruling" in paragraph 3? A. defeating

B. guessing

C. delaying

for the fact that the bride will bring children into the family of the groom, thereby increasing the wealth of the family. This concept is reinforced by the fact that the bride price must often be

D. governing

6. All of the following are true about the Harijan EXCEPT that ____. A. they used to be known as Untouchables B. they had to do undesirable jobs in society C. any contact between someone from another caste with an Untouchable was considered unacceptable

The payment of the bride price has quite a number of effects on African society. First, the payment of bride price acts to increase the stability of African family structures. Sons are dependent on their fathers and older relatives to help them pay the bride price of their wives, and this generally leads to greater levels of obedience and respect. The negotiations between the two families concerning the bride price allow the parents and other family members to meet and get to know one another before the marriage. Finally, since the bride price must often be repaid in case of divorce, the bride's family often works to make sure that any marital problems are

D. anyone from another caste coming to contact with an Untouchable is not allowed to

solved quickly. Bride prices also work as a system of wealth distribution in African cultures, Wealthier families can afford to support the marriage of their son, and thus their wealth is

pray at temples

transferred to other families.

7. What does the passage suggest about the future of the caste system? A. One day soon it won't be used anymore in India.

1. According to paragraph 1, all of the following are true of the bride price EXCEPT ____. A its amount and form can vary

B. It is probably going to get worse before it gets better.

B. its practice is occasionally only symbolic

C. The bottom groups will rise to rule over the top classes.

C. it is a relatively new practice in Africa

D. It will likely continue to exist for a long time in India.

D. it is generally higher among traditional families

IV. Read the following passage and choose among A, B, C or D the correct answer to each of the questions. The custom of paying a bride price before marriage is still a well-established part of many African cultures. In paying a bride price, the family of the groom must provide payment to the family of the bride before the marriage is allowed. The bride price can vary greatly from culture to culture in Africa. In the Zulu and Swazi tribes of southern Africa, the bride price often

2. Why does the author mention “the payment of money” in paragraph 1? A. To stress that the use of goods in the payment of bride price is most common. B. To demonstrate the differences in how rich and poor families pay the bride price. C. To illustrate how the practice of bride price has changed over time. D. To demonstrate how expensive a bride price can be sometimes.

takes the form of cattle. In Western African kola nuts, shells, and other goods are often used for the payment of the bride price. The actual payment of money sometimes takes place, but the

3. The word "prominent" in paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to ____.

payment of goods is more frequent. The amount of paid in a bride price can also vary. In modern times, the bride price is occasionally quite small and its value is mainly symbolic. However, the

4. The phrase "The first" in paragraph 2 refers to the first ____.

bride price can still be quite high, especially among prominent or highly traditional families. There are a number of justifications used to explain the payment of bride price. The first is that the bride price represents an acknowledgement of the expense the bride's family has gone in order to raise her and bring her up as a suitable bride for the groom. It also represents payment for the loss of a family member, since the bride will officially become a member of her husband's family and will leave her own. On a deeper level the bride price represents payment

A. educated

A. marriage

B. important

B. bride price

C. religious

C. payment

D. conservative

D. justification

5. It can be inferred from the paragraph 2 that African families ____. A. never see their daughters after marriage the wedding

B. pay the bride price on the day of

C. place more value on men than women childbirth

D. place great importance on

The harder he worked, the worse he felt. 6. When we think of the exam, we get more and more excited.

6. The author uses the word "marital" to indicate that the problems are related to ____. A. money

B. law

C. marriage

D. pregnancy

The more we think of the exam, the more excited we get. 7. As this road gets busier, it becomes more and more dangerous.

7. Which of the following statements is TRUE? A. Sometimes the bride's family has to return the bride price to the groom's for equal

The busier this road gets, the more dangerous it becomes. 8. When you get near to the Equator, the temperature becomes high.

distribution of wealth. B. The initial negotiations over the bride price provide opportunities for 2 families to meet each other.

The nearer you get to the Equator, the higher the temperature becomes. 9. If she stays in England a long time, her English will be very good. The longer she stays in England, the better her English will be.

C. Animals are not an acceptable form of payment when it comes to paying the bride prices.

10. You write fast, your writing becomes illegible. The faster you write, the more illegible your writing becomes.

D. Without having to pay the bride price, African men would not respect their family members. 8. Why are women often married to older men?

II. Rewrite the following sentences so that the second ones have the same meaning as the given sentence.

A. Young men lack the financial to marry.

1. "Have you turned off the faucet before going out yet?" his mother asked.

B. The legal age for marriage is lower for women than for men.

His mother asked him whether/ if he had turned off the faucet before going out.

C. Families are eager to gain the bride price from their daughter's marriage.

2. Jenny is proud of having solved the difficult maths problem.

D. Women live longer than men on average.

Jenny prides (herself) on having solved the difficult maths problem.

D. WRITING

3. Mary didn't realize the seriousness of the ongoing chaos in her family.

I. Use double comparative to complete these following sentences.

Little did Mary realize about t?he seriousness of the ongoing chaos in her family.

1. They are big, they fall fast.

4. I was just too rigid to show him my true feelings, and it did hurt badly.

The bigger they are, the faster they fall. 2. It is hot, I feel miserable. The hotter it is, the more miserable I feel. 3. I look into your eyes much, I love you much. The more I look into your eyes, the more I love you. 4. He got old, he became bad-tempered. The older he got, the more bad-tempered he became. 5. He worked hard. He felt very bad.

So rigid was I that I couldn’t s.how him my true feelings, and it did hurt badly. 5. There is no point in asking that coward to fix his wife, he daren't even look at her when talking to her. It’s no good asking that coward to fix his wife, he daren't even look at her when talking to her. 6 I'm sure it wasn't Mrs. Clarence that you saw at the park last night as she's been away for the vacation since last week. It can't have been Mrs. Clarence that you saw at the park last night as she's been away for the vacation since last week. 7. The strong wind blowing all night swept away everything lighter than a table out of its way.

Everything lighter than a table was swept away by the strong wind blowing all night out of its way.

3. A. Confucian

B. cultural

C. architect

4. A. behavior

B. brilliant

C. existence

D. impressive

8. Print off this document for me right now, I'll need it in a few minutes." said the boss to his secretary.

5. A. establish

B. impressive

C. successful

D. typical

6. A. educated

B. initially

C. wonderfully

D. beautifully

The boss ordered his secretary to print off the document for him right then as he would need it in

D. festival

7. A. memorialize

B. university

C. originally

D. occasionally

8. A. laureate

B. together

C. engraving

D. italic

9. A. achievement

B. important

C. following

D. consider

1. "Could I help you with the washing up?" Sophia said to her boyfriend.

10. A. tortoise

B. between

C. scholar

D. doctor

Sophia offered to help her boyfriend with the washing up.

II. Choose the best one (A, B, C or D) to complete the sentence or replace the underlined word.

a few minutes. III. Rewrite the following sentences so that the second ones have the same meaning as the given sentence.

2. "I won't ever go and live in that haunted house with him." said Lana.

1. The cuisine of France is ____.

Lana refused to go and live in that/ the haunted house with him. 3. "I'll give the crazy dog back to you the moment your hand touches my door knob." said Haley to her teenage neighbor. Haley promised her teenage neighbor to give the crazy dog back to her/ him the moment her/ his

A. more famous than that of England

B. famous than the cuisine of

England C. more famous than which of England

D. as famous than that of England

2. Earning money has always been the thing that pleases him most. ____ he becomes, he is ____.

hand touched her door knob. x4. "Don't let the child stay near the water, she might drown." Janet told me.

A. The more rich/ the more happy

B. The richest/ the happiest

Janet warned me not to let the child stay near the water as she might drown.

C. The richer/ the happier happier

D. Richer and richer/ happier and

5. "Please don't ever let go of my hand." said the little girl to her cute boyfriend. The little girl begged her cute boyfriend to not ever let go of her hand. 6. His optimism in his illness went beyond his family's expectation. Never had his family expected he was so optimism in his illness/ such optimism in his illness. 7. "Where did you go last night? I was looking for you." said Lan to Nam. Lan asked Nam where he had gone the night before and that she had been looking for him. 8. The fire is believed to have been caused by an accidental crash. People believe that the fire was caused by an accidental crash.

3. We think they ____ all that is necessary A. have done

B. doing

C. had done

D. would do

4. They go to church every Sunday to ____ their God. A. celebrate

B. worship

C. support

D. follow

5. The faster we finish, ____. A. the sooner we can leave

B. we can leave sooner and sooner

C. the sooner can we leave

D. we can leave the sooner

6. Of all athletes, Alex is ____.

PART 3: TEST YOURSELF I. Choose a word in each line that has different stress pattern. 1. A. historical

B. renovation

C. traditional

D. continuous

2. A. famous

B. become

C. relic

D. passage

A. the less qualified

B. the less and less qualified

C. the more and more qualified

D. the least qualified

7. The climber was seventy miles in the wrong direction and got ____.

A. more panicked

B. the more panicked

C. more than panicked

D. more and more panicked

8. Most of the ethnic groups in the United States adjust to mainstream America, but may still ____ many of their cultural customs and their native ethnic language A. retain

B. limit

C. hold

A. money more than money as

C. more money as

D. as much

18. The Mekong Delta is ____ deltas in Vietnam.

D. contain

9. Their children ____ lots of new friends since they ____ to that town.

B. as many money as

A. the largest of the two

B. the more larger of the two

C. one of the two largest

D. one of the two larger

19. Peter is ____ John.

A. have made - moved

B. were making - have moved

A. younger and more intelligent than

B. more young and intelligent than

C. made - are moving

D. made - have been moving

C. more intelligent and younger than

D. the more intelligent and younger

than

10. ____ you study for these exams, ____ you will do. A. The harder/ the better

B. The more/ the much

C. The hardest/ the best

D. The more hard/ the more good

11. My neighbor is driving me mad! It seems that ____ it is at night, ____he plays his music! A. the less/ the more loud C. the more late/ the more loudly

C. the more and more good

D. the later/the louder

B. better and better D. gooder and gooder

B. has been going

C. has gone

D. had gone

14. Culture serves to give a(n) ____ to a group, ensures survival and enhances the feeling of belonging. A. similarity

C. identity

D. interest

C. the tallest

D. taller and taller

15. The Sears Tower is ____ building in Chicago A. taller

B. the more tall

D. nicer and nicer

B. serious and serious

C. more and more serious

D. the most

22. Because they are a very close family, there is probably nothing that can break their ____. A. share

B. contribution

C. solidarity

D. group

23. It gets ____ when the winter is coming. A. cold and cold

B. the coldest and coldest

C. colder and colder

D. more and

more cold 24. Studies show that children who are exposed to a more ____ community are more creative and tolerant of differences, because these students learn how to resolve conflict more easily. B. similar

C. differently

D. diverse

25. There were a lot of people on the bus. It was ____ than usual. A. crowded

16. Petrol is ____ it used to.

C. nicest

serious

A. various B. difference

B. the nicest

21. Unfortunately, her illness was ____ than we thought at first. A. serious

13. "Where's Tony?" "He ____ to the travel agent's, and he hasn't come back." A. has been

A. more nice and nice

B. the less/less

12. Thanks to the progress of science and technology, our lives have become ____. A. more and more good

20. San Diego is the ____ town in Southern California.

B. more and more crowed

C. a bit crowded

D. the most

crowded III. The word in brackets at the end of each of the following sentences can be used to form

A. twice as expensive as

B. twice expensive more than

a word that fitssuitably in the blank.

C. twice more than expensive

D. more expensive than twice

1. In many circumstances, the attire is a ____conservative____ business suit, but it can range

17. Robert does not have ____ Peter does.

from a dinner jacket to blue jeans. CONSERVATION

2. Shaping a stone tool is one of the oldest cultural ____practices____, and it still takes great skill and knowledge. PRACTICING

5. We had to shop the discussion because the question we becoming ___more and more complicated__. (complicated)

3. A positive attitude helps language students maintain their interest in learning long enough to ____achieve___ their goals. ACHIEVEMENT

6. Your English is Ok now, your pronunciation has got ____better and better_____. (good)

4. When Helen moved to Japan, she had to quickly ____assimilate___ a new language into her

VI. Fill in the blank with a suitable word in the box.

7. Little John is becoming ____more and more active____. (active)

vocabulary. ASSIMILATIVE 5. His ____behavior____ and attire suggested the seaman rather than a man of art. BEHAVE 6. His paintings were so unique as to require no signature for ___identification__. IDENTIFY 7. Dying languages and urbanization are threats to cultural ____identity___. IDENTIFICATION

direction

alive

pronounced

basis

ancestors

while

roots

given

assimilate

milestones

Culture is the underlying foundation of traditions and beliefs that help a person relate to

8. When people of different cultures come together to celebrate and share their different

the world around them. It is the (1) ____ basis ___ for any superstitions they may have. It is the

traditions, it is an example of a(n) ____multicultural____ celebration. MULTICULTURAL

aversion to specific types of meat, or which days you can work on. Culture gives us a definite starting point when beginning to search for our (2) _____ roots _____. Knowing where a person

IV. Choose the correct answer. 1. Of the four dresses, I like the red one (better/ best). 2. Pat's car is (faster/ fastest) than Dan's. 3. John is (less/ least) athletic of all the men. 4. Does Fred feel (weller/ better) today than he did yesterday? 5. My cat is the (prettier/ prettiest) of the two. 6. This vegetable soup tastes very (good/ best). 7. David is the (happier/ happiest) person that we know. 8. This summery is (the better/ the best) of the pair. 9. Jim has as (few/ fewer) opportunities to play tennis as I do. 10. The museum is (the further/ the furthest) away of the three buildings.

comes from will help to define how they look at their family obligations as well as how they celebrate important (3) ___ milestones ___ in life. Culture is extremely important if a tribe or ethnic group intends to continue living in the same fashion as their (4) ___ ancestors ____. The aboriginal tribes of New Zealand, Australia, and other countries across the world often struggle to keep their traditions (5) ____ alive ____. Conquering nations try to (6) ____ assimilate ____ native people into mainstream society, urging them to give up their century-old traditions. Most unwillingly refuse, (7) ___ while ____ the ones who agree to become more modernized, often struggle as time passes. Once a person has (8) _____ given ____ up their heritage, traditional beliefs and other aspects of their native culture, they begin to lose their sense of self. They no longer can identify themselves with the things that were once the most important things in their lives. They lack (9) _____ direction _____. As time passes and they continue to forget about their past and their

V. Complete each of the following sentences, using the structure comparative + and + comparative with the word in blackets.

natural traditions, their identity becomes less and less

1. It is becoming ___harder and harder___ to find a job. (hard)

VII. Read the following passage and choose the best option for each numbered blank.

2. His visit to New York seemed to get ____shorter and shorter______ because he was very

(10) ____ pronounced ___.

Heritage is traditional (1) ____, customs, and culture. We sue the world "heritage" in

busy at work. (short)

many different ways. People talk about their family's heritage, their city's heritage, and their

3. Eating and travelling in this city is getting ____more and more expensive____. (expensive)

country's heritage.

4. As the day went to the weather got ____worse and worse____. (bad)

Here are some examples of heritage. During Chinese New Year, people in Taiwan give red envelopes. That is part of Taiwanese (2) ____. Every year in the American city New Orleans,

there is a huge party called Mardi Gras. That is a part of New Orleans' heritage. Heritages can also be more (3) ____ and personal. If your family has a big dinner every Sunday night, that's

how to respond to them. Emotions have evolved to help us respond to important situations and to convey our intentions to others. But does raising the eyebrows and rounding the mouth say the

part of your family's heritage.

same thing in Minneapolis as it does in Madagascar? Much research on emotional expressions

Today, heritage is changing. The Internet connects people around the world. In many ways, this is a good thing, (4) ____ we can learn about the heritage of other countries, and we

has centered on such questions. According to Paul Ekman, the leading researcher in this area, people speak and

can show our own heritage to the world. However, some people worry that traditional heritage is

understand substantially the same "facial language". Studies by Ekman's group have

(5) ____. Think about it. In many ways, countries are becoming more and more (6) ____. In just about every country around the world, you can find MacDonald's, Nike shoes, Starbucks coffee,

demonstrated that humans share a set of universal emotional expressions that testify to the common biological heritage of the human species. Smiles, for example, signal happiness and

and American films. Some people think it is a good thing. However, almost everyone wants to

frowns indicate sadness on the faces of people in such far-flung places as Argentina, Japan,

protect (7) ____ traditional heritage, and sometimes this is hard. for example, when a new

Spain, Hungary, Poland, Sumatra, the United States, Vietnam, the jungles of New Guinea, and

MacDonald's opens in your town, a traditional restaurant might have to close.

the Eskimo villages north of Artic Circle. Ekman and his colleagues claim that people everywhere can recognize at least seven basic emotions: sadness, fear, anger, disgust, contempt,

This is why heritage (8) ____ is so important. Heritage protection is a simple idea. It means (9) ____ your country's or your city's heritage alive. People do this in many ways. The biggest part of heritage protection is probably preserving old buildings. (10) ____ other examples of heritage protection are making sure your children speak your traditional language, and teaching your heritage to children The world is changing very fast. This change brings a lot of good things. But as the world is changing, it is important to remember the heritage of our parents and our grandparents. C. beliefs

D. bases

happiness, and surprise. There are, however, huge differences across cultures in both the context and intensity of emotional displays the so called display rules. In many Asian cultures, for example children are taught to control emotional responses especially negative ones while many American children are encouraged to express their feelings more openi Regardless of culture, however, emotions usually show themselves, to some degree in people's behavior. From their first days of life, babies produce lacial expressions that communicate their feelings. The ability to read facial expressions develops early, too. Very young children pay close attention to facial expressions, and by age live, they nearly equal adults in their skill at reading

1 A. diversities

B. celebrations

2. A. cause

B. heritage

C. origin

D. celebration

3. A. private

B. own

C. common

D. public

4. A. so

B. therefore

C. although

D. because

5. A. disappearing

B. accepting

C. requesting

D. putting

different cultures. For example, what emotion do you suppose might be conveyed by sticking out your tongue? For Americans, this might indicate disgust, while in China it can signify surprise.

6. A. lively

B. live

C. alike

D. living

Likewise, a grin on an American face may indicate joy, while on a Japanese face it may just as

7. A. our

B. its

C. whose

D. their

8. A. instruction

B. protection

C. position

D. management

9. A. rejecting

B. taking

C. keeping

D. turning

10. A. A little

B. A few

C. Many

D. Some

VIII. Read the following passage and choose the best answer to each of the questions. You can usually tell when your friends are happy or angry by the looks on their faces or by their actions. This is useful because reading their emotional expressions helps you to know

emotions on people's faces. This evidence all points to a biological underpinning for our abilities to express and interpret a basic set of human emotions. Moreover, as Charles Darwinpointed out over a century ago, some emotional expressions seem to appear across species boundaries, Cross - cultural psychologists tell us that certain emotional responses carry dillerent meanings in

easily mean embarrassment. Clearly, culture influences emotional expressions. 1. The word "evolved" is closest in meaning to ____. A. developed

B. simplified

C. increased

D. reduced

2. Many studies on emotional expressions try to answer the question whether ____. A. raising the eyebrows has similar meaning to rounding the mouth. B. different cultures have similar emotional expressions. C. rounding the mouth has the same meaning in Minneapolis and Madagascar

D. eyebrow raising means the same in Minneapolis and Madagascar. 3. Unlike American children, Asian children are encouraged to ____. A. change their behavior

B. conceal their positive emotions

C. display their emotions openly

D. control their emotions

4. The biggest difference lies in ____. A. how intensive emotions are expressed

single house or other dwellings. In anthropology, they only must be related in this fashion; there is no upper or lower limit on the number of children in a nuclear family. The extended family is a much more nebulous term, but in essence refers to kin or relations not covered by the above definition. In historical Europe and Asia as well as in Middle

B. how often positive emotions are

Eastern African, and South American Aboriginal cultures, extended family groups were typically the most basic unit of social organization. The term can differ in specific cultural settings, but

D. how long negative emotions are

generally includes people related in age or by lineage. Anthropologically, the term "extended

shown C. how emotional responses are controlled

A nuclear family is limited, according to Kristy Jackson of Colorado State University, to one or two parents (e.g. a father and mother) and their own child, or children, living together in a

family' refers to such a group living together in a household, often with three generations living

displayed

together (grandparents, parents, and children) and headed in patriarchal societies by the eldest man or by some other chosen leadership figure. However, in common parlance, the term

5. According to the passage, we respond to others by ____. A. looking at their faces

B. observing their looks

C. watching their actions

D. observing their emotional

expressions 6. Young children ____. A. spend a long time learning to read others' emotions B. are sensitive towards others' emotions C. make amazing progress in controlling their emotions D. take time to control their facial expressions 7. The best title for the passage is ____>

"extended family" is often used by people simply to refer to their cousins, aunts, uncles, and so on, even though they are not living together in a single group. Historically, most people in the world have lived in extended family groupings rather than in nuclear families. This was even true in Europe and in the early United States, where multiple generations often lived together for economic reasons. During the 20h century, average income rose high enough that living apart as nuclear families became a viable option for the vast majority of the American population. In contrast, many indigenous societies and residents of developing countries continue to have multiple generations living in the same household. The rise of the nuclear family in the modern West does not necessarily mean that family arrangements have stabilized, either. The rapid growth in single-parent households, for instance, also represents a substantial change in the traditional nuclear family. More couples are also

A. Human Habit of Displaying emotions

choosing not to have children at all. 1. What is the passage mainly about?

B. Ways to Control Emotional Expressions

A. The dominance of nuclear families over extended ones

C. Cultural Universals in Emotional Expressions

B. The dominance of extended families over nuclear ones

D. Review of Research on Emotional Expressions

C. A distinction between nuclear families and extended ones

IX. Read the following passage and choose the best answer to each of the questions. The difference between the nuclear family and the extended family is that a nuclear family refers to a single basic family unit of parents and their children, whereas the extended family refers to their relatives such as grandparents, in-laws, aunts and uncles, etc. In many cultures, and particularly indigenous societies, the latter is the most common basic form of social organization.

D. The changes of family types over times 2. The word "the latter" in paragraph 1 refers to ____. A. family unit

B. relatives

C. the nuclear family

D. the

extended family 3. Historically, extended families were the most basic unit of social organization in all of the following places EXCEPT ____.

A. The Middle East Europe

B. Asia

C. North America

4. He is mature, he becomes intelligent.

4. The word "patriarchal" in paragraph 3 is closest in meaning to ____.

The more mature he is, the more intelligent he becomes.

A. ruled or controlled by men

B. equal for both men and women

C. simple with no rules and laws

D. modern with advanced facilities

5. According to the passage, single-parent households ____. A. are not defined by anthropologists

5. You speak English much, your English will be good. The more you speak English, the better your English will be. 6. People save much paper, much wood pulp is preserved.

B. are the existing trend of family

arrangement

The more paper people save, the more wood pulp is preserved. 7. We make much paper, it becomes cheap.

C. are included in the term "nuclear family"

D. are on the decrease

6. The word "viable" in paragraph 4 could be best replaced by ____. A. impossible

The more water he drinks, the thirstier he becomes.

B. possible

C. explainable

8. Petrol becomes expensive, people drive little. D. fashionable

7. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage? A. Since the 20th century, more and more American couples have lived in extended families because of the financial burdens. B. Nuclear families are the most basic form of social organization all over the world. C. The popularity of nuclear families in western countries helps to stabilize family arrangement. D. Traditional nuclear families have changed a lot over times. 8. What can be inferred from the reading passage? A. Indigenous communities have been completely eradicated all over the world. B. In the future, all extended families will be replaced by nuclear ones. C. Anthropology is a science concerning human race and its development. D. Couples with no children can't be defined as families. X. Use double comparative to complete these following sentences. 1. She is mature, she becomes beautiful. The more mature she is, the more beautiful she becomes.

The paper we make, the cheaper it becomes.

The more expensive petrol becomes, the less people drive. 9. You make much money, you spend much. The more money you make, the more you spend. 10. You work hard, you will get good results. The harder you work, the better results you will get. 11. You learn with him much, you will know him well. The more I learn with him, the better you will know him. 12. Many people live in this city, they need many services. The more people live in this city, the more services they need. 13. You do much exercise, you are fit. The more exercise you do, the fitter you are. 14. He wrote much, his writing becomes good. The more he wrote, the better his writing becomes. 15. They use much wood pulp, they cut many trees. The more wood pulp they use, the more trees they cut. THE FIRST TERM TEST - KEY

2. He studies much, he becomes stupid. The more he studies, the more stupid he becomes. 3. He drinks much water, he becomes thirsty.

I. Find the word which has a different sound in the part underlined. 1. A. slum

B. industrial

C. rural

D. fluctuate

2. A. provoking

B. overload

3. A. climb

B. summit

4. A. choice

B. choir

5. A. around

B. south

6. A. alive 7. A. idiot 8. A. housing

C. propose

D. progressive

4. A. initiative

B. necessary

C. provide

D. survival

5. A. celebrity

B. charitable

C. anonymous

D. respectable

C. moisture

D. soil

6. A. respiratory

B. initiative

C. eco-friendly

D. renewable

C. thousand

D. souvenir

7. A. benefit

B. organic

C. generate

D. biomass

B. kindness

C. mindful

D. milk

8. A progressive

B. congestion

C. urbanised

D. creative

B. ideal

C. idol

D. identical

9. A. overcome

B. incident

C. dedicate

D. currently

B. established

C. centralise

D. urbanisation

10. A. perseverance

B. experience

C. dedication

D. influential

9. A. expand

B. centralise

C. densely

D. energy

11. A. down-market B. organic

C. replenish

D. dedicate

10. A. migrate

B. scale

C. lasting

D. populated

12. A. habitat

B. promotion

C. bronchitis

D. replenish

11. A. fluctuate

B. sanitation

C. established

D. communicate

13. A. generosity

B. hospitality

C. encyclopedia

D. creativity

12. A. biomass

B. mould

C. problem

D. dispose

14. A. documentary

B. proficiency

C. efficiency

D. society

13. A. asthma

B. habitat

C. biomass

D. safer

15. A. perseverance

B. preservation

C. environment

D. eco-friendly

14. A. combustion

B. conservation

C. purification D. pollution

III. Indicate the correct response to each of the following exchanges.

15. A. post

B. close

C. police

D. phone

1. You should not leave the light on when you are away.

16. A. devote

B. envelope

C. remote

D. overdone

A. OK, let's do it

C. discriminate

B. That's good idea.

D. authority

C. Try me!

17. A. renewable

B. deplete

C. replenish

D. preservation

right

18. A. mild

B. mildew

C. mile

D. pile

2. Everyone should learn more about how to treat the environment well.

19. A. dispose

B. soot

C. lifestyle

D. conserve

20. A. mindset

B. handsome

C. medium

D. industrial

21. A. crown

B. shown

C. blown

D. flown

22. A. soot

B. mood

C. school

D. moon

23. A. clutter

B. slum

C. bulb

D. urban

24. A. wear

B. clear

C. fear

D. rear

25. A. freight

B. height

C. weight

D. eight

II. Choose the word which has a different stress pattern from the others. 1. A. sustainable

B. geothermal

C. replenishment

D. organically

2. A. populated

B. industrialise

C. environment

D. inhabitant

3. A. expand

B. migrate

C. effect

D. double

A. I am sure about that.

B. That's not true.

D. You are

C. I don't think so.

D. It's not true.

3. Sara: "How do you feel about his comment of saving energy?" - Mary: “____” A. Yes, it's a very good idea.

B. I don't think he knew what he was

saying. C. I'm afraid I disagree with you.

D. If you ask me, I feel tired.

4. Susan shared with her friend about her losing purse. Susan: "I have lost my purse." - Her friend: “____” A. It's careless.

B. Oh, what a pity.

C. That's nothing.

D. Oh, be careful.

5. A: "Would you mind closing the window?" - B: “____” A. Yes, of course. Are you tired?

B. No, not at all. I'll do it now.

C. Yes, I do. You can close it.

D. Don't worry. Go ahead!

IV. Indicate the correct answer to complete each of the following questions.

1. Adopting a green lifestyle can often be time-consuming for those who are fully ____ to green living. A. committed

B. adjusted

C. adapted

D. resistant

2. Today, Greenpeace has returned to Alaska ____ to stop Shell drilling for Arctic oil. A. in an effort

B. with the aim

C. for the purpose

D with a view

3. We face similar circumstances with our climate crisis and again, quite frankly, oppressive B. continuing

C. continued

D. continuous

B. till

C. before

D. after

5. Employees are supplied with reusable coffee cups ____ they will use fewer disposable cups. A. so as to

B. in order

C. when

D. so that

6. Cutting back on red meat consumption can reduce your intake of fat, sodium and sugar ____ can cause obesity, heart disease, and cancer. A. that

B. which

C. when

D. who

7. Mirror-walled skyscrapers raise the temperature of the surrounding air and ____ neighboring buildings. A. effect

C. affected

D. affect

B. sources

C. supply

D. appliance

9. The greater amounts of oil and other fuels burned to create energy ____ chemicals which add to global warming. A. dump

B. discard

C. exhaust

D. release

10. It is stated that we are now in the first stages of a battle for the ____ of life on the Earth. A. purification

B. sustainability

C. redundancy

D. removal

11. In Mexico and Central America, more than 65% of the natural ____ of the jaguar has been B. habitat

C. ground

D. soil

12. Nuclear power plants produce a lot of dangerous waste that they continually need to ____. A. dispose

D. support - the

14. Rooftop gardens prevent buildings from ____ heat from the Sun, which can significantly reduce cooling bills. B. aborbing

C. soaking

D .giving off

15. The storage of heat for use at night or on cloudy days is commonly ____ by using insulated A. accomplishment

B. accomplished

C. accomplishing

D. accomplish

16. On a smaller scale, the Sun's energy can also be harnessed to cook food in specially designed ____ ovens. A. sun

B. solar

C. sunny

D. geothermal

17. Organic farmers also use alternatives for pesticides; ____, they may rely on natural predators of certain insect pests. A. for example

B. however

C. although

D. moreover

18. ____ chemical soil enrichers, they use animal manure and plant parts not used as food -

B. dispose of

A. In general

C. replace

D. get rid

B. Apart from

C. Instead of

D. In short

19. ____ research, weather forecasters used to know about the coming weather with certainty. A. In order to

B. On account of

C. With a view to

D. According to

20. Water ____ is essential during the summer months. A. depletion

B. conservation

C. energy

D. power

21. By 1906, Phan Chu Trinh's ____ goal was modernization and economic development. A. primary

B. relative

C. elementary

D. comparative

C. achievement

D. dedication

22. We admire her ____ to the cause of humanity. A. awareness

destroyed, mainly due to farming and deforestation. A. area

C. gain - other

natural, organic fertilizers that are clearly a renewable source B. effectively

8. Energy ____ should also be evaluated with the goal of minimizing air pollution. A. resources

B. benefit - another

tanks to store the water heated during sunny periods.

4. We should reuse old items ____ we throw them out. A. as soon as

A. suffer - others others

A. promoting

policies that are ____ our fossil fuel regime. A. continual

13. Cities could ____ from many of the positive effects of parks by encouraging citizens to create ____ type of green space: rooftop gardens.

B. concentration

23. This is a(n) ____ business, so we can't afford holidays. A. all-year

B. yearly

C. all-round

D. year-round

24. There will be a sharp ____ in the urban population of Africa and Asia between now and 2050. A. rise

B. raise

C. promotion

D. development

25. In less developed countries, ____ slums form both on the edges and within the largest cities. A. thinly populated

B. most populous

C. heavily populous D. densely populated

26. This building is the architect's crowing ____. A. story

B. goal

B. enjoyed

C. event

D. achievement

C. had enjoyed

D. had been enjoying

and North America. B. evacuation

C. migration

D. immigration

29. The necessary infrastructure often cannot ____ fast enough to keep up with residents' needs. A. exceed

B. excel

C. expand

D. expect

30. Traffic congestion has become a major issue, while schools and hospitals are ____. A. overbearing

B. overdone

C. overdeveloped

D. overloaded

31. His face was lined and ____. A. weather-beaten

B. weather-beating

C. weathered

D. weatherproof

32. The government said that they didn't have enough funds to deal with ____ medical care. A. cost-high

B. cost-effective

C. low-cost

D. high-cost

B. won't stay

C. not stay

D. not go to stay

34. It is imperative that this letter ____ immediately. A. was sent

B. be sent

C. were sent

and Chinese Lunar New Year holiday. B. the - x - x

B. because of

C. had signed

D. were signing

B. lonely

C. alone

D. only

C. because

B. talented

C. distinguish

D. respectful

from 1788 to 1792. A. The - a - the

D. a - the - x

D. so

B. x - a - the

C. x - the - the

D. x - the - x

41. Bill Gates was ____ middle child of William H. Gates II, ____ prominent Seattle Lawyer, and Mary Gates, who worked as ____ teacher before she had children. A. the - a - a

B. a - a - a

C. the - the - a

D. the - the - the

42. When Jane Luu ____ as a graduate student a MIT, David Jewit ____ there as a professor. A. enrolled - was working

B. had enrolled - was working

C. was enrolling - had worked

D. enrolled - has worked

43. Before passing away, President Ho Chi Minh left the Vietnamese people with the ____ Testament. A. historic

B. historical

C. important

D. essential

44. Her ____ to medicine was so great that she had little time for anything else. B. emphasis

C. importance

D. reputation

45. Tran Hung Dao was a great ____ to lure the enemy to enter deeply into his land, then attacked to destroy them. B. strategist

C. soldier

D. king

46. In spite of having a peasant ____, Nguyen Hue had proved that he was really an excellent general, only gained victories. A. condition

C. a - the - the

36. Barbara is motivated to study ____ she knows that a good education can improve her life. A. therefore

A. talent

A. strategy D. sent

35. Nguyen Hue made ____ surprise attack against ____ Chinese during Tet, ____ Vietnamese A. a - x - x

A. unique

A. dedication

33. His father left New York. The doctor suggested he ____ there. A. not stayed

B. signed

40. ____ Emperor Quang Trung was ____ second emperor of ____ Tay Son Dynasty, reigning

28. The first wave of urban ____ took place in more developed countries, especially in Europe A. emigration

A. sign

38. When his mother showed him a newspaper article about a man dealing with a severe disability, Vujicic realized he wasn't ____ in his struggles.

39. As well as being a successful actor, Clint Eastwood is a ____ film director.

27. There was a knock on the door while we ____ the game show on TV. A. were enjoying

37. It was essential that we ____ the lease before the end of the month.

B. background

C. situation

D. experience

47. In 1921, Phan Boi Chau studied socialism and the Soviet Union in ____ assistance from the Soviet Union or socialist groups.

A. hope to gain gain

B. hope to gaining

C. the hope of gaining

D. the hope to

B. reputation

A. reports

C. name

D. opinion

B. respectably

C. respecting

B. short-term

C. long-term

A. must explain

B. leadership

C. leading

D. half term

A. proposed

B. approach

C. strategy

D. access

B. politeness

C. wealth

D. talent

B. that

C. some

D. the

microcomputer and ____ software. C. the - the - x

56. Dr. Jane Luu ____ the huge telescope at the University of Hawaii while she ____ for any bodies beyond Neptune. B. had used - searched

C. was using - searched

D. used - had searched

B. were studying

C. had been studying

studying

C. that a drastic measure be adopted

D. that a drastic measure is adopted

A. Electrification

A. sanitation

A. catch

C. Determination

D. Urbanization

B. irrigation

C. urbanization

D. industrialization

B. Tents

C. Slums

D. Cottages

B. grab

C. capture

D. hold

67. You may find you've got so many things to think about that it's difficult to ____. B. put off

C. turn it off

D. switch off

68. The police suggested that anyone who saw the accident ____ in touch with them. A. get D. are

B. got

C. had to get

D. would get

69. It is essential that he ____. His illness seems worse. operating

B. that the student does

B. Industrialization

slums in many cities in Africa.

A. need an operation

58. The teacher insists ____ homework regularly. A. that the student do

B. that to adopt a drastic measure

A. see off

57. I first met her four years ago when we ____ at a middle school. A. have been studying

D. tendered

66. If you don't ____ this opportunity, you might not get another one.

D. x - a - the

A. used - was searching

C. hoped

A. a drastic measure to be adopted

A. Huts

B. a - a - x

B. promised

65. ____ are urban areas that are heavily populated with substandard housing and very poor living conditions.

55. At first, Microsoft had ____ hyphen in the name "Micro-soft", ____ combination of A. a - the - a

D. is explained

64. The lack of running water, ____ and inadequate housing leads to deadly conditions in the

54. Nguyen Hue invited ____ scholars at that time: Nguyen Thiep, Tran Van Ky, and Ngo Thi Nham. A. x

C. explain

63. ____ is what shaped our cities into what they are today.

53. Bill Gates' ____ in donating large sums of money towards welfare activities is remarkable. A. generosity

B. explains

62. To solve this problem, it is advisable ____.

D. leader

52. Being stormy and sudden were the special characteristics in the battle ____ of Nguyen Hue. A. method

D. recommends

61. They ____ that the theater be demolished to make way for the new shopping center.

51. Nguyen Hue, with his genius ____, created a people's army, no matter small or large. A. lead

C. says

to complete the questionnaire.

D. respectable

50. Le Loi used the ____ war, moving from little to large scale. A. mid-term

B. tells

60. It is critical that the researcher ____ everything clearly to the participants before asking them

49. He seems like a ____ businessman, but he has caused some personal scandals. A. respectful

D. that the student is doing

59. The teacher always ____ that the student make an outline before writing the complete essay.

48. This school has an excellent ____ in the community. A. image

C. the student to do

70. It is essential ____.

B. needs an operation

C. need to operate

D. needed

A. for everyone know what to do in case of fire

V. Choose the word or phrase among A, B, C or D that needs correction.

B. that everyone know what to do when there is a fire

1. Wind energy can be used to pump water or generate electricity, but requires extensive areal

C. that everyone to know what to do when there is a fire

coverage to producing enough energy needed for running the whole factory. A. or

D. for everyone knows what to do in case of fire

C. made

D. to make

B. finish

C. finishes

B. narrow-minded

C. minded-narrow

D. narrow-minding

74. He asked reporters to provide him with ____ numbers on urban percentages. A. dated

B. up-to-minute

C. out-of-date

D. up-to-date

B. would take

C. take

D. took

B. is

C. was

D. were

B. take

C. takes

D. took

78. What are the socio-economic impacts of relocation as the result of the process B. industrialization

C. restoration

D. sanitation

79. ____ and poverty force people to engage in anti-social activities. A. Employees

B. Employment

A. shorter

C. Unemployment

80. The chairman requested that ____. A. the members study the problem carefully B. with more carefulness the problem could be studied C. the problem was more carefully studied D. the members studied more carefully the problem

B. produce

C. sun

D. systems

B. reduce

C. raise

D. too

5. When it comes to climatic change there are quite a lot of debate over how we can tackle this A. it

B. climatic

C. quite

D. debate

vegetation and soil.

D. Jobs

B. that

C. consume

D. evaporation

7. Economists have recently show that there exists a large productivity gain due to locating in dense agglomerations. A. Economists

of urbanization and ____ on individuals and their livelihoods in Vietnam? A. centralization

A. promised

4. To save water, take shorter showers to reduce water use. This will raise your water and heating bills too.

A. Much

77. It is recommended that he ____ his course. A. taking

D. combustion

6. Much of the solar energy that reaches rural areas is consume by evaporation of water from

76. It is desirable that the plane ____ as light as possible. A. be

C. only

problem.

75. Her doctor suggested that she ____ a short trip abroad. A. will take

B. in

the energy system in some ways. D. had finished

73. I can't stand ____ people who are not tolerant of new ideas. A. narrow-mind

A. burned

3. There are several promised methods to produce hydrogen, such as sun power, that may change

72. Miss Hong insisted that every student ____ their report by Friday. A. finished

D. for

product.

"I suggest he ____ a quick decision." B. make

C. producing

2. Hydrogen can burned as a fuel, typically in a vehicle, with only water as the combustion

71. "How much time does John have to make his choice?"

A. having made

B. requires

B. show

C. productivity

D. agglomerations

8. It is thus possible that agent locate in cities in order to benefit from these agglomeration affects. A. possible

B. agent

C. benefit

D. affects

9. Impacts also include reducing soil moisture and a reduce in reabsorption of carbon dioxide emissions. A. Impacts

B. soil moisture

C. reduce

D. reabsorption of

10. When rain occurs in these large cities, the rain filters down the pollutants such as CO2 and another green house gases in the air onto the ground below. A. filters down

B. pollutants

C. another

D. onto

VI. Give the correct form of the verbs to fill in the blank. 1. The principal of this collection set is to use packaging design and simple arrangement ____to appeal ____

2. We have to consider to satisfy the needs of today without ___ compromising ____ the ability of future generations to meet their needs.

(appeal) to different segments of consumers.

3. Any environmental damage must be punishable by law, and polluters should pay ____ compensation ___ for the damage caused to the environment

2. New energy-saving light bulbs is different because they provide the choices in colors and light

4. Pollution had also been a major problem, devastating the natural habitats of many animals and

levels you've come ____to expect ____ (expect).

damaging the earth _____ beyond ____ repair.

3. Climate change could _____be cancelled_____ (cancel) out in a staggeringly ambitious plan

5. The system of public education has not keptpace with the progress of the country so that it is, __relatively __, falling behind.

to plant the Sahara desert and Australian outback with trees. 4. The world's urban population is expected ____to surpass ____ (surpass) six billion by 2045. 5. The countries of the developing regions, particularly Africa will ______face___ (face) numerous challenges in meeting the needs of their growing urban populations, including for housing, infrastructure, transportation, energy and employment, as well as for basic services such as education and health care. 6. Our company hopes we can ____meet_____ (meet) your desire with young and

6. Solar panels could be used on the new development as part of a drive towards environmental _sustainability_. 7. Children are particularly ___ vulnerable __ to teasing, which can cause great distress. 8. We are striving to achieve sustainable and ____ sensible ____ use of the world's resources. 9. Dust particle's size is ___ comparable ___ to wavelength of light due to which it disperses light waves and makes itself visible.

creative engineer team.

10. Fossil fuels are actually the ___ accumulated ___ remains of living organisms that

7. The impact of deforestation on the exchange of water vapor and carbon dioxide between the

were buried millions of years ago.

atmosphere and the terrestrial land surface ______is______ (be) the biggest concern with regard to the climate system.

VIII. Complete each of the following sentences with a suitable preposition.

8. When forest is degraded, it can ______set______ (set) off a devastating chain of events both locally and around the world.

from fossil fuels to renewable energies.

9. Planting some types of trees such as: coffee, soy and palm oil can cause further soil erosion because their roots cannot _____hold______ (hold) onto the soil. 10. Tree roots anchor the soil. Without trees, the soil is free to wash or ______blow_____ (blow) away, which can lead to vegetation growth problems. VII. Fill in each blank in the passage with the correct word from the box. There are some extra words. sensible vulnerable

sustainability

comparable

accumulated

compensation respectively

relatively

compromising

beyond

2. Purification rites help us to wash away or let go _____of_____ these obstacles. 3. Biomass can be burned directly or converted ____to___ liquid biofuels or biogas that can be burned as fuels. 4. Understanding pollution and its various causes can help address the various concerns linked to environmental degradation and destruction, and the dangers it brings ____to_____ human health. 5. The introduction of harmful substances in the air results ___in____ detrimental impacts to the environmental and humanity. 6. An elderly man died ____from____ inhaling poisonous fumes as he tried to put out a fire at his home.

1. The concentrations of CO2, and methane have increased by 36% and 148% ___ respectively ___ since 1750.

1. Some countries have made significant strides ___toward____ converting their energy bases

7. The poor air quality has been linked ____to_____ diseases such as cancer, asthma, stroke and heart.

8. The Environment Agency has said emissions of noxious gases from the giant chimney must come __down_.

3. A. let

B. allow

C. help

D. try

4. A. keeping

B. cutting

C. producing

D. conserving

9. Large dust particles tend to be trapped ____in__ the nose and mouth when you breathe them in and can be readily breathed out or swallowed harmlessly.

5. A. emissions

B. cycles

C. releases

D. storage

6. A. completely

B. positively

C. hopefully

D. reluctantly

7. A. to buy

B. buying

C. being brought

D. to be bought

8. A. discharge

B. uncover

C. remove

D. unplug

9. A. to run

B. to be run

C. having run

D. running

10. A. before

B. after

C. while

D. until

10. Understanding the process and looking at the environmental impacts involved will help to shed some light ____on____ offshore oil drilling IX. Choose the word or phrase among A, B, C or D that best fits the blank space in the following passage. PASSAGE 1

PASSAGE 2

During high school, it's easy to become stressed in balancing a number of (1) ____. But between all the stress and pressure of keeping up with your various activities, it's important to contribute to the community, and make (2) ____ to protect the environment. So here are a few

cities and towns to grow. It can also be termed as the progressive (2) ____ of the number of

tips on ways you and other teens can "go green".

people living in towns and cities. It is highly (3) ____ by the notion that cities and towns have

One of the easiest ways teens can go green is simply to turn off the lights. Open up the curtains and (3) ____ the natural sunlight brighten up the room, or turn off the lights and fans when you leave a room that no one else is in studies have indicated that (4) ____ electricity helps to reduce global warming. Another way to go green is to use your bike, or walk. Using your bike or walking reduces

Urbanization is a process (1) ____ populations move from rural to urban area enabling

gained better economic, political, and social (4) ____ compared (5) ____ the rural areas. Accordingly, urbanization is very common in developing and developed countries as more and more people have the (6) ____ of moving closer to towns and cities to acquire "privileged" social and economic services. These (7) ____ social and economic advantages such

carbon (5) ____, and it is a great way to exercise. Therefore, by riding a bike or walking, not only are you helping the environment, you are (6) ____ contributing to your own health.

as better education, health care, sanitation, housing, business opportunities, and transportation.

You could also try (7) ____ a reusable water bottle. Buying a reusable bottle is a smart

places with hardship and backward lifestyle. Therefore, as populations move to more developed

investment because not only plastic water bottles often go un-recycled, but buying a reusable

areas, the immediate (9) ____ is urbanization. This normally contributes to the development of land for use in commercial properties, transportation, and residential buildings. Eventually, these

water bottle can actually save you money over buying plastic bottles over and over again as well. Another great idea is to (8) ____ your computer and all other electronics before you go to bed, or after you are done using them. Although you may no longer be using your computer, it stills uses electricity in small amounts that add up. Finally, you can go green by turning off the faucet. Many people leave the faucet (9) ____ while they brush their teeth, but this is just wasting water. Turing the faucet off (10) ____ you brush your teeth can save the world a lot of water.

A large majority of people move to cities and towns because they (8) ____ rural areas as

activities (10) ____ several urbanization issues. 1. A. which

B. by which

C. of which

D. in which

2. A. rising

B. increase

C. raise

D. drop

3. A. caused

B. changed

C. influenced

D. altered

4. A. achievements

B. success

C. trends

D. differences

5. A. by

B. to

C. on

D. for

C. tendency

D. progress

1. A. forces

B. prohibitions

C. regulations

D. obligations

6. A. movement

B. direction

2. A. achievements

B. efforts

C. contributions

D. dedications

7. A. include

B. consist

C. compose

D. contain

8. A. look at

B. think

C. see

D. view

9. A. outcome

B. answer

C. influence

D. achievement

10. A. rise

B. raise

C. stimulate

D. promote

X. Read the passage, and choose the correct answer A, B, C or D for each question.

It is estimated that over 99 percent of all species that ever existed have become extinct. What causes extinction? When a species is no longer adapted to a changed environment, it may perish. The exact causes of a species' death vary from situation to situation. Rapid ecological change may render an environment hostile to a species. For example, temperatures may change and a species may not be able to adapt. Food Resources may be affected by environmental changes, which will then cause problems for a species requiring these resources. Other species may become better adapted to an environment, resulting in competition and ultimately, in the death of a species. The fossil record reveals that extinction has occurred throughout the history of Earth. Recent analyses have also revealed that on some occasions many species became extinct at the same time -a mass extinction. One of the best-known examples of mass extinction occurred 65 million years ago with the demise of dinosaurs and many other forms of life. Perhaps the largest mass extinction was the one that occurred 225 million years ago. When approximately 95 percent of all species died, mass extinctions can be caused by a relatively rapid change in the environment and can be worsened by the close interrelationship of many species. If, for example, something were to happen to destroy much of the plankton in the oceans, then the oxygen content of Earth would drop, affection even organisms not living in the oceans. Such a change would probably lead to a mass extinction. One interesting, and controversial, finding is that extinctions during the past 250 million years have tended to be more intense every 26 million years. This periodic extinction might be due to intersection of the Earth's orbit with a cloud of comets, but this theory is purely speculative. Some researchers have also speculated that extinction may often be random. That is, certain species may be eliminated and others may survive for no particular reason. A species' survival may have nothing to do with its ability or inability to adapt. If so, some of evolutionary history may reflect a sequence of essentially random events.

B. dramatically

D. They have caused rapid change in the environment. 4. The word "demise" is closest in meaning to ____. A. change

B. recovery

C. help

D. death

5. Why is "plankton" mentioned in line 14? A. To illustrate a comparison between organisms that live on the land and those that live in the ocean. B. To point out that certain species could never become extinct. C. To demonstrate the interdependence of different species. D. To emphasize the importance of food resources in preventing mass extinction. 6. Which of the following can be inferred from the theory of periodic extinction mentioned in paragraph 3? A. Many scientists could be expected to disagree with it. B. Evidence to support the theory has recently been found. C. The theory is no longer seriously considered. D. Most scientists believe the theory to be accurate. 7. In paragraph 3, the author makes which of the following statements about a species' survival? A. It reflects the interrelationship of many species. B. It may depend on chance events. C. It does not vary greatly from species to species D. It is associated with astronomical conditions.

When people hear the world "city", they usually imagine concrete, neon signs, and lots of C. extinction

D. 99 percent

C. eventually

air pollution. Thanks to some clever and concerned architects, this image is starting to change. the concept of green cities aims to bring some beauty from rural environments into urban areas.

2. The word "ultimately" in line 6 is closest in meaning to ____. A. exceptionally

B. They are no longer in existence.

PASSAGE 2

1. The word "it" in line 2 refers to ____. B. species

A. They have remained basically unchanged from their original forms.

C. They have been able to adapt to ecological changes.

PASSAGE 1

A. environment

3. What does the author say in paragraph 1 regarding most species in Earth's history?

D. unfortunately

It is not only about looking better though. Green cities are also trying to improve the efficiency of cities and raise the standard of living for people who stay in them.

The term "green cities" refers to cities where builders take into account several environmental factors before that city is constructed or redesigned. For starters, green cities are designed to be more physically appealing than traditional cities from the past. In addition, the mobility of citizens should be considered, so public transportation can be more convenient and travel time to work can be reduced. Energy sources should also be evaluated with the goal of minimizing air pollution. When it comes to going green, the city of Barcelona is far ahead of its time. Since 1859, its designers have consciously tried to create sustainable urban designs. Then in 1992, the city received a well-deserved makeover before hosting the Olympic Games. In recent years, Barcelona has upgraded its transportation system. This has reduced air pollution as more and more workers are using public transportation instead of their own vehicles. Barcelona also boats one of the best recycling programmes in the world. Visitors will find clear, colour coded trash bins throughout the city where they can put all of their materials. It is no secret in Portland, Oregon is one of the greenest cities in the US. Since 1903, it has been an example of what American cities can accomplish with careful planning. Instead of filling its area with office buildings, Portland has plenty of green space for activities. There are 119 kilometers of running, hiking, and bike trails that allow citizens to experience the great

A. Green cities are too expensive to build in most countries. B. Few people have interest in living in a green city. C. The best green cities in the world are in North America. D. We should continue to see more green cities being built each year. 4. Which of the following is NOT a goal that a green city builder would have? A. Making the city look natural.

B. Keeping the air nice and green.

C. Painting every building green. comfortable.

D. Helping citizens feel more

5. Green cities bring all of the following benefits EXCEPT _____. A. to bring natural beauty into urban areas B. to raise the efficiency of concrete buildings C. to raise the living standards for urban citizens D. to make green cities look much better than the old ones 6. When constructing or redesigning green cities, we try ____.

outdoors. The city also offers residents creative energy plans that give them the opportunity to

A. to use eco-friendly sources of energy

pay a bit extra for clean energy sources. For about $3 to $9 extra each month, homeowners can choose solar or wind power and help the environment.

B. to make energy sources more appealing

These are only a small sampling of the green cities around the world. As more people experience the pleasure of visiting green cities, it seems certain that the trend of urban areas

C. to make transportation more convenient D. to reduce the cost of solutions to the problem of air pollution 7. What is true about Barcelona?

going green will continue far into the future. 1. Residents in Portland can ____. A. make their own creative energy plans B. rely solely energy sources with a small extra sum of money C. use clean energy sources with a small extra sum of money D. make their city become the greenest city in the US 2. What does the term "mobility" in the second paragraph mean? A. How much money tourists spend

B. The opinions of people

C. How visitors move around

D. The feelings visitors have

3. How does the author seem to feel about the future of green cities?

A. It is the only green city in Europe.

B. It is one of the oldest green cities.

C. It has never been redesigned. cars.

D. It doesn't allow visitors to drive

8. All of the following are true about Barcelona EXCEPT that ____. A. visitors can put all the trash in one colourful trash bin B. more people have used public transportation C. air pollution has been reduced D. it is said by some to have one of the best recycling programmes in the world 9. The word "they" in the third paragraph refers to ____. A. some dustbins in the city

B. those who run the city

C. people who collect dustbins trash

D. people who want to throw out

2. The reason why he took the official government examination at a late age was that ____. A. there was no examination before that

10. Which of the following people would most enjoy living in Portland? A. Someone who likes to work in tall buildings.

B. he waited for the Mac Dynasty to rule the country C. the country went through many conflicts

B. Someone who doesn't mind air pollution.

D. he was busy composing poems

C. Someone who want cheap energy solutions.

3. All of the following are true about the period after he resigned from the royal court EXCEPT

D. Someone who enjoys exercising outside.

that ____. A. he trained some famous scholars for the country

PASSAGE 3 Nguyen Binh Khiem was a Vietnamese administrator, educator, poet, and sage. As a poet

B. the kings or lords often came to him for advice

throughout his life, he composed many poems in Chinese and Nom that have survived to this

C. he composed poems and some prophecies

day. He is referred to by several names: Hanh Phu, Bach Van cu si (White Cloud Hermit) and Trang Trinh.

D. he paid no attention to politics and ignored it

Born in Co Am village in 1491, he got the teaching from the second-rank doctor Luong Dac Bang and passed the official government examination in 1535, ranking number one in the country. This was a period of great instability in Vietnam which may explain the reason why he took the exam at such a late age. He served in the Mac Dynasty court for just seven years until 1542 when he resigned after his official complains about royal court corruptions were ignored. He then returned to his native village and opened a school. Among his students were Phung Khac Khoan (a diplomat), Luong Huu Khanh, Nguyen Du (the author of Truyen ky man luc). Nguyen Binh Khiem became a person much sought after by many leaders during that time of upheaval, civil war, the Mac collapse, and the rise of the Trinh Lunds and Nguyen Lords. Both Trinh kiem and Nguyen Hoang sought his advice in their pursuit of power. To the former, he gave the advice of being the real power behind the restored Le Dynasty. To the latter, he advised building a base of power in the undeveloped south. Both men followed these suggestions, resulting in a political and military division of Vietnam that would last for 200 years. As a result of this sage advice, Nguyen Binh Khiem gained a reputation as someone who could foretell the future. Some of his prophecies were of a Delphic nature as they were ambiguous and could be read in several ways.

4. In 1542, he resigned from the royal court because ____. A. the royal court didn't pay attention to his complains B. the royal court ignored his suggestions developing the country C. he was replaced by his talented students D. there were corruptions in the royal court 5. We can infer from the passage that ____. A. he asked Trinh Kiem to become the king of the restored Le Dynasty B. he foresaw the division of Vietnam between the Trinh Lords and Nguven Lords C. he advised Nguyen Hoang to live in peace in the undeveloped south D. he made the Mac Dynasty collapse with his prophecies and influence Unit 6. ENDANGERED SPECIES - KEY PART 1: VOCABULARY AND GRAMMAR REVIEW A. VOCABULARY • biodiversity /ˌbaɪəʊdaɪˈvɜːsəti/ (n): đa dạng sinh học

1. His prophecies ____. A. are accurate all the time

B. can be understood in several ways

C. can give us good advice about the future the future

D. contain reliable information about

• conservation /ˌkɒnsəˈveɪʃn/ (n): sự bảo tồn conservation status /ˌkɒnsəˈveɪʃn ˈsteɪtəs/: tình trạng bảo tồn • endangered species /ɪnˈdeɪndʒəd ˈspiːʃiːz/: chủng loài có nguy cơ bị tuyệt chủng • evolution /ˌiːvəˈluːʃn/ (n): sự tiến hóa

• extinct /ɪkˈstɪŋkt/ (a): tuyệt chủng

4. A. astronomic

B. emergency

C. experiment

D. collaborate

extinction /ɪkˈstɪŋkʃn/ (n): sự tuyệt chủng

5. A. biodiversity

B. evolutionary

C. ecologically

D. biologically

• habitat /ˈhæbɪtæt/ (n): môi trường sống

6. A. simulated

B. environment

C. missionary

D. spacewalk

• poach /pəʊtʃ/ (v): săn trộm

7. A. observatory

B. historical

C. activity

D. vulnerable

• rhino / rhinoceros /raɪˈnɒsərəs/ (n): hà mã

8. A. endangered

B. surface

C. survival

D. extinction

• sea turtle /siːˈtɜːtl/ (n): con rùa biển

9. A. discovery

B. survival

C. vulnerable

D. traditional

• survive /səˈvaɪv/ (v): sống sót

10. A. deforestation

B. conservationist

C. trainee

D. biological

survival /səˈvaɪvl/ (n): sự sống sót

II. Find the word which has a different sound in the part underlined.

• trade /treɪd/ (n): mua bán

1. A. teach

B. dead

C. reach

D. team

• vulnerable /ˈvʌlnərəbl/ (a): dễ bị tổn thương, dễ gặp nguy hiểm

2. A. campaign

B. horn

C. rhino

D. extinct

B. GRAMMAR REVIEW

3. A. call

B. curtain

C. contain

D. city

1. FUTURE PERFECT (TƯƠNG LAI HOÀN THÀNH)

4. A. enclosure

B. conservation

C. species

D. nest

a. Form:

5. A. your

B. four

C. court

D. hour

(+) S + will/shall + have + Vp2 + O

6. A. nesting

B. shellfish

C. reserve

D. elephant

(-) S + will/shall + not + have + Vp2 + O

7. A. door

B. mood

C. shoot

D. hood

(?) Will/shall (not) +S+ have + Vp2 + O?

8. A. endangered

B. evolution

C. extinct

D. extinguish

b. Uses (Cách sử dụng)

9. A. sun

B. sure

C. seen

D. sort

• Một hành động xảy ra trước 1 hành động khác trong tương lai.

10. A. habitat

B. dragon

C. mammal

D. danger

Ex: They shalln’t have returned the book before they go home.

B. VOCABULARY AND GRAMMAR I. Put the verb in the future perfect tense.

• Một hành động xảy ra trước 1 thời điểm xác định trong tương lai. Ex: She will have finished her English course by the end of this month. c. Advs (Trạng ngữ nhận biết): When, Before, By the (this) N + Next .......

1. We (not/eat) ____will not have eaten____ before we come, so we'll be hungry. 2. _____Will____ (we/arrive) _____have arrived_____ by the time it gets dark? 3. He (not/complete) ___ will not have completed___ the project by July.

PART 2: PRACTICE A. PHONETICS AND PHONOLOGY

4. I (not/finish) ___ will not have finished____ the essay by the weekend.

I. Choose a word in each line that has different stress pattern.

5. Why (she/finish) ___will she have finished_____ the cleaning by six?

1. A. commercial

B. habitat

C. approach

D. impressive

6. They (not/go) ____will not have gone____ by 9 tomorrow.

2. A. descend

B. explore

C. profession

D. altitude

7. By this time next year we (marry) _____will have married_____ for 30 years.

3. A. curriculum

B. parabolic

C. ecology

D. authority

8. If all goes well, by June 2012 I (finish) ___will (shall) have finished___ my university degree.

9. ____Will______ she (get) ____have got_____ her passport by then?

5. The government is sending help to the ____ survivors ____ of the earthquake.

10. By the time I start my shift, Dr. Frazier (wait) ____will have waited_____ for 18 hours

6. By losing ____ biodiversity ____, we are losing the chance to discover new medicines that

straight.

could end the suffering of millions of people.

II. The word in brackets at the end of each of the following sentences can be used to form a

7. Do not purchase illegal products that come from ____ endangered ___ species.

word that fits suitably in the blank.

8. Since 1600 about 500 species of animals have become _____ extinct _____.

1. We now realize that it is important to maintain the planet's _____biodiversity___, which is

9. Gorilla and chimpanzee populations in Central Africa continue to decline due to ___ poaching

the richness of animal and plant life. DIVERSITY

_____,

2. A ____habitat____ is any natural region where wildlife lives undisturbed, for example,

habitat loss and disease.

forests, ponds, marshes or deserts. HABITION

10. To ensure the _____ survival _____ of the world's animals, we must learn how to keep

3. Take ____conservation____ actions in your community. CONSERVE

'sustainable populations' alive for the animals to _____ survival _____ survive _______ survival

4. Officials said there were no _____survivor_____ of the plane crash. SURVIVE

_____ on their own.

5. Logging, oil and gas drilling, over-grazing and development all result in habitat

IV. Give the correct form of the words in the following sentences.

__destruction__. DESTROY

1. The movie was (interesting) ____more interesting ____ than the one on TV.

6. The more species disappear, the more entire-systems become ____vulnerable___.

2. We've got (little) _____less______ time than I thought.

VULNERABLY

3. This shirt is too small. I need a (large) ____larger_____ one.

7. ____poachers____ are killing rhinos because of their horns. POACHING

4. Lan is (clever) _____cleverer_____ and (pretty) _____prettier_____ than Lien.

8. Although conservation groups are working to ____protect_____ wildlife, natural habitats are still being destroyed. PROTECTION 9. Due to poaching and civil war, the ___population____ of gorillas drops sharply. POPULAR

5. She is (nice) _____nicer______ than I expected. 6. This was the (big) ___biggest____ farm I've ever visited. 7. Who between the two workers is the (good) ____better_____?

10. The dodo very quickly declined in numbers, and it was ____extinct_____ by 1681. EXTINCTION

8. This old machine is (powerful) ______more powerful ______ than we thought.

III. Complete the sentences with the words from the box. Use each word once only.

9. The farmers have never had a (rich) ____richer______ harvest than that.

dangerous conservationists extinction

survivors

vulnerably

survival

poaching

endangered

biodiversity

10. Which is (difficult) ____more difficult _____ English or Math? 11. It is the (expensive) ____most expensive ____ of the two cars. extinct

12. Which is the (expensive) ____more expensive _____ of these two coats?

2. People all over the world are working to help save endangered animals from ____ extinction

V. Indicate the word(s) CLOSEST in meaning to the underlined word(s) in each of the following questions.

____.

1. Hundreds of thousands of elephants were illegally poached and their tusks sold for profits.

1. His condition left him ____ vulnerably _____ exposed to the slightest cold or cough.

3. Floods and drought are both _____ dangerous ____ to humans and crops. 4. ____ conservationists _____ are calling for additional measures with a focus on more effective management of the habitat.

A. conserved

B. preserved

C. captured

D. hunted

2. When the forest disappears, so too will Indonesia's rich biological diversity be effected and disappear forever.

A. variety

B. direction

C. similarity

D. closeness

3. The saola is also indirectly threatened by insufficient attention to and investment in its conservation. A. protest

3. Severe weather conditions can also reduce population numbers because animals tend to have fewer offspring. A. alarming

B. protection

C. production

D. induction

A Baby sea turtles are the most vulnerable when they leave their nests and make their way to the sea.

B. grave

C. dreadful

D. mild

4. The dunes harbor a number of freshwater lakes abundant in wildlife. A. plentiful

B. lavish

C. bountiful

D. scarce

5. All visitors are kept out of the conservation area. A. well-protected

B. immune

C. susceptible

D. shielded

5. The number of amphibians on our planet is declining rapidly in both local mass extinction and population crashes. A. reservation

C. threat

D. disappearance

B. dangerous

C. threatened

D. preserved

B. involved

C. revolted

D. developed

8. The main threat to the survival of these creatures come from heir loss of habitat. A. usual behaviour

B. favourite activity C. place of living

D. rituals

9. They are too rare and valuable a bird to be hawked about with the rest of your menagerie. A. in small numbers B. real

C. half-cock

D. not done properly

10. He looks after the land as a private reserve for wildlife habitat, running marsupials and their B. booking reservation

C. a protected area

D. an

VI. Indicate the word(s) OPPOSITE in meaning to the underlined word(s) in each of the following questions.

B. run short

C. run away

D. remain intact

7. It is urgent that these governments work out a solution to the problem that they are all facing. A. keep secret

A. participate

B. find

C. share

D. arrive at

B. leave

C. take part

D. enjoy

9. Many people decided to give up eating meat and become vegetarians. A. cut up

B. put up

C. continue

D. use up

C. tidy

D. clean off

10. Let's clear up this rubbish and put it in the bin. A. mess up

B. clear away

VII. Choose the best answer to complete the following sentences. with their environment

B. persist

C. get through

B. Biological

C. Biologist

D. Biologically

2. A/ an ____ species is a population of an organism which is at risk of becoming extinct. A. dangerous

1. Dinosaurs were unable to survive severe ice age weather conditions.

B. endanger

C. endangered

D. endangerment

3. Besides, several programmes should be ____ that spreads the world of the conservation of the D. lose their lives

2. At the moment it is difficult to assess the extent of the damage that his company has caused to the environment. A. benefit

A. come in

A. Biology

emergency fund

A. remain alive

D. allowed to take photos

1. ____ is a branch of Natural Science, and is the study of living organisms and how they interact

predators instead of cows. A. money reserve

C. allowed to enter

8. In order to protect endangered species, it is important that all people join in.

7. The domestic dog is thought to have evolved from the wolf. A. resolved

B. prevented from destroying

6. It is predicted that the natural resources will run out by the end of the century. B. protection

6. Saving endangered species from becoming extinct is crucial for our health and the future of our children. A. resistant

A. prevented from entering

elephants in the public. A. told

B. used

C. operated

D. introduced

4. Cheetah's tail is ____ during fast running, because it balances the animal and allows fast and B. destruction

C. devastation

D. extinction

sudden turns which happen often when the prey tries to escape.

A. essential

B. basic

C. adequate

D. sufficient

5. People should be told about the things that threaten the safety of ____ so that they can avoid doing them. A. the wild

A. Ø/ a B. wildness

C. wild life

D. wildlife

agriculture. B. contamination

C. fertilizer

D. variety

B. the worse it seems

C. the worse does it seem

D. it

C. have lost

D. will lose

B. protection

C. protective

D. protector

18. Probability of extinction depends ____ both the population size and fine details of the A. on

B. The more high/ the more low

C. The higher / the lower

D. The more higher / the more lower

9. Life on Earth is disappearing fast and will continue to do so unless urgent action is taken. B. damaging

C. polluting

D. destroying

B. have lived

C. will live

D. had live

11. ____ it is, ____ miserable I feel. A. The hotter / more

B. The hotter / the more

C. The more hotter / the more

D. The more hot / the more

12. The saola is also indirectly threatened by insufficient ____ to and investment in its conservation. B. attention

C. care

D. treatment

C. from

D. for

A. on

B. for

C. from

D. in

20. Toxic chemicals from factories are one of the serious factors that leads wildlife to the ____ of extinction. B. fence

C. verge

D. bridge

21. Saving ____ species from becoming extinct is crucial for our health and the future of our children. A. dangerous

B. endanger

C. endangering

D. endangered

22. The more she practices, ____ she becomes. A. the greater confidence

B. more confidently

C. the more confident

D. the

most confident 23. The older you are, ____. A. the more you may become worried

13. The better the weather is, ____.

B. the more worried you may

become

A. the beaches get the more crowded

B. the beaches get the most crowded

C. the most crowded the beaches get

D. the more crowded the beaches get

14. Hunting for meat and burning forests for soil cause destruction to wildlife. B. contamination

B. in

19. Many modern medicines are derived ____ plants and animals.

A. wall

10. By December next year, we ____ in this house for twenty years.

A. organization

B. am losing

population demography.

A. The higher / the low

A. interest

A. will have lost

A. protect

8. ____ the Sun is, ____ the shadow is.

A. will have lived

D. Ø/ Ø

legal ____.

seems the worse

A. vanishing

C. the/ a

17. Only a few of the many species at risk of extinction actually make it to the lists and obtain

7. The more you talk about the situation, ____. A. it seems worse

B. a/ the

16. I think I ____ my door key. I can't find it anywhere.

6. Humans depend on species diversity to provide food, clean air and water, and fertile soil for A. destruction

15. Species become extinct or endangered for ____ number of reasons, but ____ primary cause is the destruction of habitat by human activities.

C. protection

D. damage

C. the more worry you may become

D. you may become more

worried 24. Mr. Edwards ____ history for 35 years, and is retiring soon. A. teaches

B. will have taught

C. taught

D. has been teaching

25. It is high time we had to ____ some measures to protect endangered animals.

A. take

B. bring

C. hold

D. use

2. A. challenge

26. Many ____ groups now support putting a value on ecosystems.

B. keeping

C. conservation

D. awareness

3. A. produced

B. discovered

C. used

D. formed

4. A. supporters

B. residents

C. inhabitants

D. citizens

27.15,589 species (7,266 animal species and 8,323 plant species) are now considered ____

5. A. as

B. than

C. to

D. as to

risk ____ extinction.

6. A. generally

B. individually

C. commercially

D. approximately

7. A. deposits

B. donations

C. refunds

D. loans

8. A. destroy

B. destructive

C. destruction

D. destroyed

9. A. on

B. by

C. with

D. upon

10. A. goes

B. walks

C. reaches

D. runs

A. conserve

B. conservative

A. at / of

B. on / in

C. endangering

C. for / with

D. endangered

D. in / at

28. Internationally, 189 countries have signed ____ accord agreeing to create Biodiversity Action Plans to protect endangered and other threatened species. A. а

B. an

C. the

D. Ø

29. I'm tired. I ____ the house since 9 this morning. A. am cleaning cleaning

B. will have cleaned

II. Fill in each numbered blank with one suitable word or phrase. C. had been cleaning

D. have been

30. Clearing forests for timber has resulted ____ the loss of biodiversity A. with

When the word "endangered" is mentioned, people usually think of particular species, like the panda or whooping crane. However, we would like to encourage you to think about

B. at

C. in

D. for

C. READING I. Choose the word or phrase among A, B, C or D that best fits the blank space in the following passage. The World Wide Fund for Nature (WWF) is an international (1) ____ governmental organization for the (2) ____, research, and restoration of the environment. The organization was (3) ____ as a charitable trust on September 11, 1961, in Morges, Switzerland, under the name World Wildlife Fund. It was an initiative of Julian Huxley and Max Nicholson. It is the world's largest independent conservation organization with over 5 million (4) ____ worldwide, working in more (5) ____ 90 countries, supporting 100 conservation and environmental projects around the world. It is a charity, with (6) ____ 9% of its funding coming from voluntary. (7) ____ by private individuals and businesses. The group says its mission is "to halt and reverse the (8) ____ of our environment". Currently, much of its work focuses on the conservation of three biomes that contain most of the world's biodiversity: forests, freshwater ecosystems, and oceans and coasts. Among other issues, it is also concerned (9) ____ endangered species, pollution, and climate change. The organization (10) ____ more than 20 field projects worldwide. In the last few years, the organization set up

(1) ____ in a broader context. It is (2) ____, the physical places where species live and interact with one another. Although the development of special breeding programs, also known as captive conservation, may help some species in some cases, it is clearly not (3) ____ answer to the global problem. Indeed, (4) ____ we are able to protect natural areas where endangered species actually live, they have no future. Species become endangered for a wide (5) ____ of reasons. By analyzing and grouping many individual cases, however, we find the same broad causes (6) ____ again and again. They are Habitat Destruction, Exotic Species, and Overexploitation. Among other factors threatening particular species are limited: distribution, disease, and pollution. Limited distributions are often a consequence of other threats: populations confined to one or a few small areas because of habitat (7) ____, for example, may be disastrously affected by random factors. Diseases can have severe (8) ____ on species lacking natural genetic protections against particular pathogens, like the rabies and canine distemper viruses that are currently devastating carnivore populations in East Africa. Domestic animals are usually the reservoirs of these and other diseases affecting wild (9) ____, showing once again that human activities lie at the root of most causes of endangerment. Pollution has seriously done harm (10) ____ number of terrestrial species, although species living in freshwater and marine ecosystems are also suffering.

offices and operations around the world.

1. A. development

B. endangerment

C. pollution

D. contamination

1. A. non

2. A. plants

B. conservations

C. habitats

D. organizations

B. not

C. no

D. nor

3. A. a

B. an

C. the

D. Ø

have been taken over, forcing animals and plants into smaller and smaller areas, until some of them have become extinct. We have also polluted some habitats with chemicals, making them

4. A. so

B. but

C. if

D. unless

5. A. variety

B. commerce

C. extinction

D. destruction

6. A. expressing

B. showing

C. disappearing

D. appearing

7. A. benefit

B. reserve

C. loss

D. gone

caused by humans, most of them in the 20th century. Today there are about 5,000 (9) ___

8. A. impact

B. interest

C. infection

D. absorption

9. A. needs

B. populations

C. natures

D. medicines

endangered _____ animals and at least one species dies out every year. There are probably many more which become extinct without anyone knowing.

10. A. to

B. for

C. with

D. at

III. Fill in the text with a suitable word in the box. appearance

Animals may also become extinct through direct (8) ____ destruction ____. This includes the hunting and capturing of animals. The extinction of at least 500 species of animals has been

The main threats to species then can be cited as (10) ___ poaching ___, habitat loss and climate change. The International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) has its own Red List of endangered species ranging from "least concern" through to "critically endangered".

destruction

well-known

endangered

extinct

population

evolutionary

evolved poaching

unfit for wildlife. These causes of extinction are known as indirect destruction.

IV. Read the text. Use the information in the story to answer the questions below by choosing the best answer A, B, C or D.

habitats EXTINCTION IS FOREVER!

Since the world became industrialized, the number of animal species that have either become extinct or have neared extinction has increased. Bengal tigers, for instance, which once roamed the jungles in vast numbers, now number only about 2,300. By the year 2025, it is

Even before the arrival of humans on the Earth, species became (1) ____ extinct ____ quite naturally. Natural extinction happens when a species declines in numbers gradually but

estimated that they will become extinct.

steadily at the end of its

caused almost entirely by poachers who, according to some sources, are not always interested in

(2) ____ evolutionary __ period on the Earth. The length of this period depends on how well a

material gain but in personal gratification. This is an example of the callousness that is

species can adapt to changes in climate and changes in other animals and plants around it. This

contributing to the problem of extinction Animals such as the Bengal tiger, as well as other endangered species, are valuable parts of the world's ecosystem. International laws protecting

process of extinction can take a very long time - sometimes several million years - and the

What is alarming about the case of the Bengal tiger is that this extinction will have been

extinction of one species is immediately followed by the (3) ___ appearance ____ of another in a continuous cycle.

these animals must be enacted to ensure their survival - and the survival of our planet.

The case of the dinosaurs is the most (4) ___ well-known __ example of natural extinction. These reptiles appeared on the Earth about 200 million years ago and dominated both

countries, in an effort to circumvent the problem, have allocated large amounts of land to

land and sea for almost 100 million years. It is not certain why the dinosaurs became extinct, but their disappearance was a natural one and new species of animals (5) ___ evolved ____ to replace them. The rate of extinction has speeded up unnaturally over the last 400 years, rising increase

Countries around the world have begun to deal with the problem in various ways. Some animals reserves. They then charge admission prices to help defray the costs of maintaining the parks, and they often must also depend on world organizations for support. This money enables them to invest in equipment and patrols to protect the animals. Another response to the increase in animal extinction is an international boycott of products made from endangered species. This has had some effect, but by itself it will not prevent animals from being hunted and killed.

in the human (6) ____ population _____ sharply since 1900. This increase in the rate of extinction is directly related to the

1. The word "callousness" could be best replaced by which of the following?

over the same period of time. Humans have caused great damage to the planet, as wild (7) ____ habitats ____

2. The previous passage is divided into two paragraphs in order to contrast ____.

A. incompetence

B. indirectness

C. insensitivity

D. independence

A. A comparison and a contrast

B. A problem and a solution

C. A statement and an illustration

D. Specific and general information

such as flowers blooming earlier and birds hatching earlier in the spring. Many species have

3. What is the main topic of the passage?

begun shifting where they live or their annual migration patterns due to warmer temperatures

A. Endangered species

B. Problems with industrialization

C. The Bengal tiger

D. International boycotts

4. The word "poachers" could be best replaced by which of the following? A. Concerned scientists

B. Enterprising researchers

C. Illegal hunters

D. Trained hunters

5. What does the word "this" refer to in the passage? A. Bengal tiger

B. Interest in material gain

C. Killing animals for personal satisfaction

D. The decrease in the Bengal tiger

population

B. Lines 7-9

C. Lines 10-16

With further warming, animals will tend to migrate toward the poles and up mountainsides toward higher elevations. Plants will also attempt to shift their ranges, seeking new areas as old habitats grow too warm. In many places, however, human development will prevent these shifts. Species that find cities or farmland blocking their way north or south may become extinct. Species living in unique ecosystems, such as those found in polar and mountainous regions, are especially at risk because migration to new habitats is not possible. For example, polar bears and marine mammals in the Arctic are already threatened by dwindling sea ice but have nowhere farther to go. Projecting species extinction due to global warming is extremely difficult. Some scientists have estimated that 20 to 50 percent of species could be committed to extinction with 2 to 3 Celsius degrees of further warming. The rate of warming, not just the magnitude, is extremely important for plants and animals. Some species and even entire ecosystems, such as

6. Where in the passage does the author discuss a cause of extinction? A. Lines 5-7

Plants and animals will find it difficult to escape from or adjust to the effect of global warming, Scientists have already observed shifts in the lifecycles of many plants and animals,

D. Lines 1-3

7. What does the term "international boycott" refer to?

certain types of forest, many not be able to adjust quickly enough and may disappear. Ocean ecosystems, especially fragile ones like coral reefs, will also be affected by global

A. A global increase in animal survival

warming. Warmer ocean temperatures can cause coral to "bleach", a state which if prolonged will lead to the death of the coral. Scientists estimate that even 1 Celsius degree of additional

B. A refusal to buy animal products worldwide C. Defraying the cost of maintaining national parks

warming could lead to widespread bleaching and death of coral reefs around the world. Also increasing carbon dioxide in the atmosphere enters the ocean and increases the acidity of ocean

D. Buying and selling of animal products overseas

waters. This acidification further stresses ocean ecosystems.

6. Which of the following best describes the author's attitude? A. indifferent

B. forgiving

C. concerned

1. The word "fragile" in paragraph 4 most probably means ____. D. surprised

9. Which of the following could best replace the word "allocated"? A. set aside

B. combined

C. taken

A. very large

B. easily damaged

C. rather strong

D. pretty hard

2. The bleaching of coral reefs as mentioned in paragraph 4 indicates ____. D. organized

10. The word "defray" is closest in meaning to which of the following? A. make a payment on

B. make an investment toward

C. raise

D. lower

A. the water absorption of coral reefs. mammals.

B. the quick growth of marine

C. the blooming phase of sea weeds.

D. the slow death of coral reefs.

3. The level of acidity in the ocean is increased by ____.

V. Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to

A. the rising amount of carbon dioxide entering the oceans

indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 1 to 10.

B. the decrease of acidity of the pole C. the extinction of species in coastal areas

D. the lose of acidity in the atmosphere around the oceans

Her new house isn’t so/ as big as her old one.

4. What does the passage mainly discuss?

2. No one in my class is taller than Peter.

A. Influence of climate changes on human animals and

B. Effects of global warming on

C. Global warming and possible solutions

D. Global warming and species

3. The black dress is more expensive than the white one.

5. Scientists have observed that warmer temperatures in the spring cause flowers to ____. A. die instantly

B. bloom earlier

Peter is the tallest in my class.

C. become lighter

D. lose color

6. According to paragraph 2, when their habitats grow warmer, animalist tend to move ____.

The white dress isn’t so/ as expensive as the black one. 4. According to me, English is easier than Maths. According to me, Maths isn’t so/ as easy as English. 5. No one in my group is more intelligent than Mary.

A. south-eastwards and down mountainsides toward lower

Mary is the most intelligent in my group.

B. north-westwards and up mountainsides toward higher

6. No river in the world is longer than the Nile.

C. toward the North Pole and down mountainsides toward lower

The Nile is the longest river in the world.

D. toward the poles and up mountainsides toward higher

7. Mount Everest is the highest mountain in the world.

7. The pronoun "those" in paragraph 2 refers to ____. A. species

B. ecosystems

No mountain in the world is higher than Mount Everest.

C. habitats

D. areas

8. The phrase "dwindling sea ice" in paragraph 2 refers to ____.

8. This is the first time I have ever met such a pretty girl. She is the prettiest girl I have ever met.

A. the frozen water in the Artie.

B. the violent Arctic Ocean.

9. He works much. He feels tired.

B. the melting ice in the Arctic.

D. the cold ice in the Arctic.

The more he works, the more tired he feels.

9. It is mentioned in the passage that if the global temperature rose by 2 or 3 Celsius degrees____.

That computer doesn’t work so/ as well as this one.

A. half of the earth's surface would be

B. the sea level would rise by 20

C. water supply would decrease by 50 become

D. 20 to 50 percent of species could

10. According to the passage, if some species are not able to adjust quickly to A. they may be endangered

B. they can begin to develop

C. they will certainly need water.

D. they move to tropical forests.

I. Rewrite the following sentences. 1. Her old house is bigger than her new one.

11. The apartment is big. The rent is high. The bigger the apartment is, the higher the rent is. 12. We set off soon. We will arrive soon. The sooner we set, the sooner we will arrive.

warmer temperatures, ____.

D. WRITING

10. This computer works better than that one.

II. Rewrite the following sentences so that the second ones have the same meaning as the given sentence. 1. He not only loved her with all his heart but also went out of his way to protect her from all the evil things in life. Together with loving her with all his heart, he went out of his way to protect her from all the evil things in life.

2. Everyone in the class agreed to the given proposal except for Lan. Lan was the only one in the class that/ who did not agreed to the given proposal.

The manufacturer almost certainly cut off the amount of ingredients used in this extremely small cake.

3. I haven't heard from Lana for months on end.

6. You won't find a more dedicated employee than this woman.

It's many months since I last heart from Lana.

Nowhere will you find a more dedicated employee than this woman.

4. "Call in on me if you should ever pass by, okay?" she told me.

7. "I'll wait until you come back however long it may take." said his wife.

She asked me to call in on her if I should ever pass by.

His wife promised to wait until he came back however long it might take.

5. You should never treat your mother like that, one day you'll realize why.

8. Although Jenny is small, she can push that huge table for a long distance.

Never should you treat your mother like that, one day you'll realize why.

In spite of her smallness/ being small, Jenny can push that huge table for a long distance. PART 3: TEST YOURSELF

6. Work shouldn't take priority over family in any circumstances. Under no circumstances should work take priority over family.

I. Choose the word which has the underlined part pronounced differently from the rest.

7. "Hey you little girl, give me your notebook." said the naughty boy to his friend.

1. A. chemical

B. which

C. change

The naughty boy ordered his friend to give him her notebook.

2. A. attitude

B. survive

C. introduce

D. human

8. You really need to have your laptop fixed, it's broken down.

3. A protect

B. commercial

C. construction

D. climate

Your laptop really needs fixing, it's broken down.

4. A. endangered

B. destroyed

C. damaged

D. provided

III. Rewrite the following sentences so that the second ones have the same meaning as the given sentence.

5. A. medicine

B. priority

C. crisis

D. primary

1. "What a lovely dress you're wearing, mother." said Janet.

1 A disappearance

Janet complimented her mother on her lovely dress.

2. A ability

B. agriculture

C. development

D. contaminate

2. The Eurowindow building is so spacious that you may not finish visiting it in one day.

3. A. current

B. global

C. crisis

D. mankind

Such is the spaciousness if the Eurowindow building that you may not finish visiting it in

4. A. temperature

B. serious

C. awareness

D. chemical

one day.

5. A government

B. agency

C. benefit

D. diversity

3. Autumn is the season I love the most.

III. Choose the best one (A, B, C or D) to complete the sentence or replace the

There is no (other) season that I love more than autumn.

underlined word.

4. Whether you are fluent in English or not, talking to the president is sure to take some real

1. Known worldwide by its panda logo, World Wildlife Fund (WWF) is dedicated to protecting

calmness.

____ world's wildlife and the rich biological diversity that we all need to survive.

However fluent you are in English, talking to the president is sure to take some real calmness. 5. The manufacturer must have cut off the amount of ingredients used in this extremely small cake.

D. each

II. Choose a word in each line that has different stress pattern.

A. a

B. vulnerable

B. an

C. conservation

D. generation

C. the

D. Ø

2. At the end of this month, we ____ here for ten years. A. are living living

B. live

C. will be living

D. will have been

3. Loss of habitat and increased commercial hunt ____ the number of chimpanzees from 2 million to 300,000 individuals. A. reduced

B. lessened

C. weakened

D. limited

4. Baby Komodo dragons will live on the trees from the moment they are born ____ adult ones can't climb and eat them. A. so

C. although

D. because

has caused numerous species to become extinct or endangered. B. the/ Ø

C. Ø/ the

B. are doing

C. have been doing

D. have done

B. the faster

C. the more fast

D. the more faster

B. you are easier

C. the easier

D. the easy

B. prefect

C. vulnerable

D. remained

B. Commerce

C. Conservation

D. Extinction

11. The number of working women in our country ____ from 49% in 1980 to nearly 65% A. has been increasing

B. has increased

C. is increasing

D. will have

C. awareness

D. challenges

environment. A. Biodiversity

B. Conservation

C. Globe

D. Individual

A. from

B. in

C. for

D. on

more desirable for collectors and poachers. B. preservation

C. support

D. impact

19. By the year 2050, many people currently employed ____ their jobs. B. will be losing

C. will have lost

D. are losing

20. Over-exploitation for food, pets, and medicine, pollution, and disease are recognized ____ a serious threat ____ extinction. A. as/ of

B. to/ for

C. over/ with

D. upon/ at

A. was going to solve B. will have been solved

C. had been solved

D. is

supposed to solve

A. will complete

B. will have completed

C. have completed

D. had

been completing

increased 12. WWF is ____ leading privately supported international conservation organization in the world, and has sponsored more than 2,000 projects in 116 countries. B. an

C. the

D. Ø

13. The saola is threatened primarily by hunting, rather than ____. A. habitual loss

B. reserves

22. They ____ the new bridge by the end of the year.

nowadays.

A. а

A. agencies

21. We all hope that the dispute ____ by the end of the month.

10. ____ is the protection of environment and natural resources. A. Survival

restricting land development or creating ____.

A. have lost

9. The world's biodiversity is declining at an unprecedented rate, which makes wildlife ____. A. prosperous

15. Many nations have laws offering protection to these species, such as forbidding hunting,

A. awareness

8. The younger you are, ____ it is to learn. A. easier

D. in brink

18. Being listed as an endangered species can have negative effect since it could make a species

7. The more a car costs, ____ it goes. A. faster

C. on brink

17. We have to apply effective measures to save many plant and animal species ____ extinction. D. the/ the

6. By the time you finish cooking they ____ their homework. A. will have done

B. on the verge

16. ____ is the existence of a wide variety of plant and animal species living in their natural B. therefore

5. Since ____ 1600s, worldwide overexploitation of animals for ____ food and other products A. the/ a

A. in the verge

B. loss of life

C. habitation loss

23. ____ we finish the project, ____ we can start the next one. A. The soonest/ the sooner

B. The sooner/ the most soon

C. The sooner/ the sooner

D. The soonest/ the soonest

24. ____ I forget, ____ I know. D. habitat loss

14. Illegal hunting in Namibia, Zimbabwe, and Botswana, puts African elephants ____ of extinction.

A. The more/ the less

B. The more/ the little

C. The many/ the less

many/ the little 25. Almost half of turtles and tortoises are known to be threatened with ____.

D. The

A. extinct

B. extinction

C. extinctive

D. extinctly

habitat by human activities.

26. It is reported that humans are the main reason for most species' declines and habitat ____ and degradation are the leading threats. A. destroy

B. destructive

C. destructor

D. destruction

D 2. Although species evolve differently, most of them adapt to a specific habitat or environment that best meets

27. By the time you come back, I ____ my assignments. A. will finish

B. will be finishing

C. have finished

28. World Wide Fund for Nature was formed to do the mission of the preservation of biological

their survive needs.

diversity, sustainable use of natural resources, and the reduction of pollution and wasteful consumption. A. contamination

C. extinction

D. development

B. natural

C. naturally

B. was running

C. has run

B. generation

C. diversity

D. natural

populated, such as much of Asia and Africa.

D 5. Habitat fragmentationhave caused plant and animal species in the remaining islands of habitat to lose contact B

with others of their own kind. D

C. threatened

D. reduced

33. Chimpanzees ____ kisses, hugs, touches in their community and use complicated system of sounds to communicate. A. transfer

4. Such human activities as pollution, drainage of wetlands, cutting and clearing of forests, urbanization, and

B. increased

D. has been running

32. It is found that endangered species are often concentrated in areas that are poor and densely A. disappeared

road and dam construction has destroyed or seriously damaged available habitats.

31. The Bali Tiger was declared extinct in 1937 due to hunting and habitat loss. A. reserve environment

D. naturalness

30. She ____ two miles and a half, and now she feels exhausted. A. will have run

D 3. Without the particularly habitat, the species could not survive.

B. energy

29. Current extinction rates are at least 100 to 1,000 times higher than ____ rates found in the fossil record. A. nature

D. will have finished

V. Fill in the blank with a suitable word in the box. damaging

monitored

habitat

major

awareness

optimistic

stray

conservation B. transmit

C. exchange

D. perform

species reserves

IV. Error Identification.

ANIMAL SUCCESS STORIES

1. Species become extinct or endangerment for a number of reasons but the primary cause is the destruction of A C

In 1973, the United States government passed into law the Endangered Species Act (ESA). Its three (1) ____ major ____ goals were: 1. to protect plants and animals from extinction by listing them as endangered; 2. to preserve the habitat of these species, 3. to help populations of listed species recover. Because of these (2) ____ conservation ___ efforts, many animals have been brought back from near extinction. Here are three such success stories.

Bald eagle

VI. Read the following passage and choose the best option for each numbered blank.

It is fitting that we begin with the story of the bald eagle the American symbol. By 1963,

Nearly 200 of the 1500 native plant species in Hawaii are at risk of going extinct in the

its population had dropped to fewer than 1000. Hunting was certainly a major factor in this decline, as was the destruction of habitat. But the biggest factor was DDT - a chemical widely

near future because they have been (1) ____ to such low numbers. Approximately 90 percent of Hawaii's plants are found nowhere else in the world but they are (2) ____ by alien invasive

used in insect sprays - which had a

species such as feral goats, pigs, rodents and non- (3) ____ plants.

(3) ___ damaging _____ effect on the eagles' eggs.

The Hawaii Rare Plant Restoration Group is striving to (4) ____ the extinction of the 182

The 1972 ban on DDT was the single most important factor in the revival of the bald eagle. Bald eagle populations are now carefully (4) ____ monitored ____, and baby eagles are

rare Hawaiian plants with fewer than 50 individuals remaining in the (5) ____. Since 1990, (6) ____ a result of their ‘Plant Extinction Prevention Program’, sixteen species have been brought

raised under human protection later to be released into the wild. Thanks to these efforts, the number of eagles in the United States has grown markedly and the birds can be seen in many

into (7) ____ and three species have been reintroduced. Invasive weeds have been removed in key areas and fencing put up in order to (8) ____ plants in the wild.

national parks. In August 2007, bald eagles were removed from the ESA list. Grizzly bear Another classic symbol of North America wildlife is the grizzly bear. Due to hunting and

In the future the Hawaii Rare Plant Restoration Program aims (9) ____ collecting genetic material from the remaining plants in the wild for storage as a safety net for the future. They also aim to manage wild populations and where possible reintroduce species into (10) ____. 1. A. disappeared

B. reduced

C. increased

D. developed

2. A. guarded

B. invested

C. conserved

D. threatened

3. A. nation

B. native

C. national

D. nationally

4. A. prevent

B. encourage

C. stimulate

D. influence

5. A. wild

B. atmosphere

C. hole

D. sky

in grizzly bear habitats are encouraged not to leave garbage lying around in case bears are attracted to the smell, and parks put up signs warning people not to (6) ____ stray ____ off the

6. A. so

B. due

C. as

D. but

path. Visitors are also warned not to alarm any bears they encounter.

7. A. contamination

B. production

C. cultivation

D. generation

Grey wolf

8. A. derive

B. vary

C. remain

D. protect

Finally, the grey wolf story is one of the most interesting tales of American wildlife. Traditionally avoided because people fear them and consider them pests for killing livestock,

9. A. at

B. for

C. with

D. on

10. A. shelters

B. reserves

C. gardens

D. halls

grey wolves have been shot trapped, and poisoned, even in nature (7) ____ reserves ____. By the time the grey wolf was declared a protected species in 1973 only a few hundred remained in

VII. Read the passage, and choose the correct answer A, B, C or D for each question.

(5) ______ habitat ____ destruction, its present number is closer to 1000 Furthermore, because grizzly bears have babies at a very slow rate it takes many years for the population to grow. Most of the grizzly bears in the United States live in Yellowstone and Glacier National Parks. As grizzlies are still protected by the ESA hunting them is illegal. As bear populations grow, it becomes very important to prevent encounters between humans and bears. People living

small areas of the country. Today, the grey world population has been revived due to strong conservation efforts. The grey wolf is now listed as a (8) __ species _ of Least Concern by IUCN.

The peregrine falcon, a predatory bird indigenous to North America, was once in danger of extinction. In the 1960s, scientists discovered byproducts of the pesticide DDT in the birds' eggs, which caused them to be too soft to survive. The use of the pesticide had been 5 banned in the United States, but the falcons were eating migratory birds from other places where DDT was

In 2006, the United States government declared May 11 to be Endangered Species Day a day devoted to raising (9) ____ awareness _____ of endangered species. With such positive steps towards educating people on the importance of conservation there's reason to be (10) ____ optimistic _____ about the future of endangered animals in the US.

still used. In order to increase the survival rate, scientists were raising the birds in laboratories and then releasing them into mountainous areas. This practice achieved only moderate success, however, because many of the birds raised 10 in captivity could not survive in the wild.

There is now, however, a new alternative to releases in the wild. A falcon that has been given the name Scarlett chose to make her home on a ledge of the 33rd floor of a Baltimore, Maryland, office 15 building rather than in the wild, and, to the surprise of the scientists, she has managed to live quite well in the city. Following this example, programs have been initiated that release birds like Scarlett into cities rather than into their natural wild habitat. These urban releases are becoming a common way to strengthen the species. Urban homes 20 have several benefits for the birds that wild spots do not. First, there is an abundance of pigeons and small birds as food sources The peregrine in the city is also protected from its main predator, the great homed owl. Urban release programs have been very successful in reestablishing the peregrine falcons along the East Coast. Though 25 they are still an endangered species, their numbers increased from about 60 nesting pairs in 1975 to about 700 pairs in 1992. In another decade the species may flourish again, this time without human help. 1. As used in paragraph 2, the word "spots" could best be replaced by ____. A. places

B. dilemmas

C. jungles

D. materials

2. According to the passage, where have the release programs been the most successful? A. in office buildings

B. on the East Coast

C. in mountainous areas

D. in the wild

B. releases into the wild

C. endangered species

D. harmful effects of pesticides

D. humans

9. The word "byproducts" in paragraph 1 could best be replaced by which of the following? A. derivatives

B. proceeds

C. chemicals

D. elements

10. Why were the peregrine falcons in danger? A. because of pesticides used by American farmers B. because they migrated to countries where their eggs could not survive C. because they ate birds from other countries where DDT was still used D. because they were prized by hunters and hunted to near extinction VIII. Choose the best sentence that can be made from the words given. 1. everyone/ pick up/ one piece of trash/ a day/ about 6.6 billion pieces less A. If everyone picked up one piece of trash a day, there would be about 6.6 billion pieces less. B. When everyone will pick up one piece of trash a day, about 6.6 billion pieces would be less.

B. wall

C. terrace

pieces less. 2. environmental education/ help/ spread/ environmental awareness/ share practical techniques/ solve the environmental problems

4. The word "ledge" in paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to ____. D. shelf

5. According to the passage, which of the following is NOT a reason why a falcon might choose to live in a city?

A. Environmental education to help for spreading environmental awareness and sharingpractical techniques to solve the environmental problems. B. Because environmental education helps to spread environmental awareness and shares practical techniques to solve the environmental problems.

A. There are high places to nest.

B. There are other falcons nearby

C. There is a lack of predators.

D. There is abundant food.

6. In line 1, the phrase "indigenous to" could be best replaced by ____. B. protected by

C. adapted to

B. regression

C. distribution

C. Environmental education helps to spread environmental awareness and shares practical techniques to solve the environmental problems. D. Environmental education that helps to spread environmental awareness and sharing

D. native to

7. The word "releases" as used in paragraph 2most probably means ____. A. internment

C. owls

D. Unless everyone picked up one piece of trash a day, there will be about 6.6 billion

A. survival of peregrine falcons

A. typical of

B. rattlesnakes

C. Because everyone picks up one piece of trash a day, about 6.6 billion pieces is less.

3. What is the main topic of the passage?

A. window

A. pigeons

practical techniques to solve the environmental problems. 3. you/ conserve energy/ go to school or to work by bus/ turn off your electric devices/

D. possessions

8. According to the passage, which of the following are the falcon's main predators?

you are not using them A. As you want to conserve energy, go to school or to work by bus and so turn off your electric devices when you are not using them.

B. If you want to conserve energy, go to school or to work by bus together with turn off your electric devices when you are not using them.

The faster people drive, the more accidents happen.

C. Suppose you want to conserve energy, go to school or to work by bus and turn off your electric devices when you are not using them.

The more I meet him, the more I hate him.

D. When you want to conserve energy, you needn't go to school or to work by bus and turn off your electric devices when you are not using them. 4. we/ dependent/ nature/ cannot survive ourselves/ without wildlife A. As we are dependent on nature and we cannot survive ourselves without wildlife. B. We dependent on nature and therefore cannot survive ourselves without wildlife. C. We are dependent on nature and so cannot survive ourselves without wildlife. D. We are dependent on nature and cannot survive ourselves without wildlife. 5. we/ engage/ individuals/ appreciate nature/ the relationship/ they have with wildlife A. We should engage individuals to appreciate nature and the relationship that they have with wildlife. B. We might engage individuals for appreciating nature and the relationship that they have with wildlife.

6. I meet him much. I hate him much.

7. My boss works better when he is pressed for time. The less time my boss has, the better he works. 8. As he has much money, he wants to spend much. The more money he has, the more he wants to spend. 9. If you read many books, you will have much knowledge. The more books you read, the more knowledge you will have. 10. He speaks too much and people feel bored. The more he speaks, the more bored people feel. 11. The growth in the economy makes people's living condition better. The more the economy grows, the better people's living condition is. 12. People learn a lot of things as they travel far. The farther people travel, the more they learn.

C. We must engage individuals to appreciate nature and the relationship when they have with wildlife. D. We need engaging individuals to appreciate nature and the relationship which they have with wildlife. IX. Complete the following sentence using double comparison. 1. The joke is good. The laughter is loud.

Unit 7. ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE - KEY PART 1: VOCABULARY AND GRAMMAR REVIEW A. VOCABULARY • activate /ˈæktɪveɪt/ (v): kích hoạt • algorithm /ˈælɡərɪðəm/ (n): thuật toán

The better the joke is, the louder the laughter is.

• artificial intelligence /ˌɑːtɪfɪʃl ɪnˈtelɪɡəns/ (n.phr): trí tuệ nhân tạo

2. She gets fat. She feels tired.

• automated /ˈɔːtəmeɪtɪd/ (a): tự động

The fatter she gets, the more tired she feels. 3. As he gets older, he wants to travel less. The older he gets, the less he wants to travel. 4. The children are excited with the difficult games. The more difficult the games are, the more excited the children are. 5. People drive fast. Many accidents happen.

• call for /kɔːl fɔː(r)/ (v): kêu gọi • cyber-attack /ˈsaɪbərətæk/ (n): tấn công mạng • exterminate /ɪkˈstɜːmɪneɪt/ (v): tiêu diệt • faraway /ˈfɑːrəweɪ/ (a): xa xôi • hacker /ˈhækə(r)/ (n): tin tặc • implant /ɪmˈplɑːnt/ (v): cấy ghép • incredible /ɪnˈkredəbl/ (a): đáng kinh ngạc • intervention /ˌɪntəˈvenʃn/ (n): sự can thiệp

HAVE - GET - MAKE

• malfunction /ˌmælˈfʌŋkʃn/ (n): sự trục trặc • navigation /ˌnævɪˈɡeɪʃn/ (n): sự đi lại trên biển hoặc trên không

a) He has the lawn mown every weekend by his son. (He does not do it, his son does.)

• overpopulation /ˌəʊvəˌpɒpjuˈleɪʃn/ (n): sự quá tải dân số

→ HAVE + sth + PAST PARTICIPLE

• resurrect /ˌrezəˈrekt/ (v): làm sống lại, phục hồi • unbelievable /ˌʌnbɪˈliːvəbl/ (a): khó tin

a’) I'll have the porter bring your luggage up right away. (He arranges for the porter to bring the guest's luggage.)

B. GRAMMAR REVIEW

→ HAVE + sb + BARE INFINITIVE

I. CAUSATIVE FORM - HAVE / GET SOMETHING DONE 1. Động từ cầu khiến/ khởi phát: có nghĩa là ai đó làm một việc gì cho chúng ta. Có thể là do việc đó khó, không thể làm được hay đơn giản là chúng ta không muốn làm việc đó.

→ giao trách nhiệm cho người khác làm việc đó. b) He got the lawn mown by his son. (He encouraged him to do it for him.) → GET+ sth + PAST PARTICIPLE

have + sth + past participle a) She's having her house painted.

b) He got his son to mow the lawn for him. (He persuaded his son to do it for him.) → GET + sb + TO INFINITIVE

b) We've had the carpets cleaned. c) They'll be having their dinner served at half past eight.

→thuyết phục/ khuyến khích người khác làm việc đó hoặc lừa phỉnh người khác để

d) We've been having our garden remodeled.

họ làm việc đó.

2. Nếu chúng ta muốn đề cập đến người/ tác nhân thực hiện hành động này, chúng ta dùng

c) He made his son mow the lawn. (He insisted or ordered his son do it.) → MAKE + sb + BARE INFINITIVE

"by + tác nhân": have + sth + past participle + by...

→ bắt buộc ra lệnh người khác làm việc đó.

b) Every Saturday we have our car cleaned by a local lad in the village.

5. "GET" thường được dùng trong văn nói thể hiện sự thân thiện. Chúng ta cũng dùng "GET" khi chính chủ từ thực hiện hành động.

c) She had had her nails done before her hair was cut by Sassoon.

a) They always get their homework done on time.

d) They'll have had their meal served by the time we arrive.

b) He got the lawn mown before lunch.

3. Chúng ta cũng dùng hình thức khởi phát/ cầu khiến để nói về những trải nghiệm xấu hoặc những rủi ro/ bất hạnh đã xảy ra; hay một trải nghiệm nói chung.

c) I got all the ingredients prepared before cooking the paella.

a) He's having his tattoo done by one of the best experts in the city.

d) You had better get organized or you'll be late. PART 2: PRACTICE

have + sth + past participle + (by + tác nhân) a) They've had their suitcases stolen at the airport.

A. PHONETICS

b) We've had our electricity cut off all day.

I. Find the word which has a different sound in the part underlined.

c) I had my car lights smashed by vandals.

1. A. sprinkle

B. slice

C. versatile

D. combine

d) He had his garden destroyed by the storm.

2. A. algorithm

B. threat

C. thousand

D. theory

e) Sherry had her children playing in the garden.

3. A. garnish

B. drain

C. tender

D. sprinkle

4. Chúng ta cùng so sánh sự khác nhau giữa 3 động từ khởi phát/ cầu khiến:

4. A. return

B. repair

C. resurrect

D. response

5. A. garnish

B. dip

C. slice

D. grill

II. Rewrite the following using the causative form.

6. A. hacker

B. automated

C. application

D. navigate

1. I had someone paint the gate last week.

II. Choose the word which has a different stress pattern from the others.

I had the gate painted last week.

1. A. ingredient

D. benefit

2. Someone will have you type the letter for me.

B. tablespoon

C. recipe

2. A. business

B. intention

C. endangered

D. extinction

Someone will have the letter typed for me.

3. A. ingredient

B. traditional

C. avocado

D. significant

3. I am going to have Peter wash my car tomorrow.

4. A. interfere

B. understand

C. resurrect

D. estimate

I am going to have my car washed by Peter tomorrow.

5. A. cucumber

B. delicious

C. tomato

D. nutritious

4. They have him tell the story again.

B. VOCABUALRY AND GRAMMAR

They have the story told again by him.

I. Give the correct form of the words.

5. Have you had someone repair your shoes yet?

1. Fourteen people were arrested for ____launching_____ a cyber- attack on the company's

Have you had your shoes repaired yet?

website. LAUNCH

6. Does Mrs. Green have them carry those books back home?

2. Fur seals were nearly ____exterminated_____ a few years ago. EXTERMINATION

Does Mrs. Green have those books carried back home?

3. Aid workers are having to deal with very difficult, sometimes life- __threatening___

7. They had a boy scot pick the bag up.

situation. THREAT 4. Futurist Ray Kurzweil imagined a world in which humans and computers would have the same ___capabilities____. CAPABLE 5. We see that artificial ______intelligence_____ has made daily life a lot easier. INTELLIGENT

They had the bag picked up by a boy scot. 8. The teacher has just had someone arrange the desks and the chairs. The teacher has just had the desks and the chairs arranged. 9. My mother has the gardener water the flowers every morning. My mother has the flowers watered by the gardener every morning.

6. Computed methods for _____automated______ reasoning, learning and perception have

10. Doris had her mother buy a new dress for her.

become a common phenomenon in our everyday lives. AUTOMATION

Doris had a new dress bought for her by her mom.

7. It is best to take advantage of all of the ____incredible_____ things that we have access to

11. Can you have your brother do this work?

artificial intelligence. INCREDIBLY

Can you have this work done by your brother.

8. Earlier this year, the Washington Post reported on an algorithm ____developed__ by Google that could potentially let self-driving cars learn to drive through experience. DEVELOPMENT

12. The family had someone paint the house for TET.

9. AI Technology has also been able to _____resurrect_____ dead stars, like Michael Jackson. SURRECT

13. She had someone translate the document into Vietnamese two days ago.

10. Set in the near future, the film Her tells the story of a lonely writer who forms a strong attachment to his ____operating___ system's AI, which chooses to identify itself as Samantha. OPERATE

The family had the house painted for TET.

She had the document translated into Vietnamese two days ago. 14 I'll have someone make a new dress.

10. With the rise of computers, the process of doing manual work has been decreased to a great extent.

I will have a new dress made. 15 You must have someone repair your computer next week.

A. automatic

You must have your computer repaired next week.

B. mechanical

C. hand-operated

D. mental

IV. Indicate the word(s) OPPOSITE in meaning to the underlined word(s) in each of

III. Indicate the word(s) CLOSEST in meaning to the underlined word(s) in each of the following questions.

the following questions.

1. By inventing revolutionary new technologies, such a super intelligence might help us

1. Robots may perform specific functions - such as lifting objects, or repeatedly performing the

eradicate war, disease and poverty.

same action over and over.

A. exterminate

B. illiterate

C. erect

A. repeatedly

D. generate

B. mortality

C. devastation

D. conflict

3. If a super intelligent system is tasked with an ambitious project, it might wreak havoc with our ecosystem as a side effect. A. an adverse effect

B. a great benefit

C. a positive effect

C. landmarks

B. hand-operated

C. intentional

A. intensify

C. come to terms without

7. Artificial intelligence can be utilized in carrying out repetitive and time-consuming tasks efficiently. B. exploited

C. displaced

D. operated

8. Thinking machines will govern all the fields and populate the positions that humans occupy, B. occupy

C. dominate

D. program

9. The system will provide a full set of alarms if it is malfunctioning. A. out of word

B. beyond repair

B. master

C. amateur

D. professional

B. instantly

C. leisurely

D. hastily

B. magnify

C. boost

D. diminish

6. Since intelligent robots are machines with metal bodies, they are more resistant and have greater ability to endure the space and hostile atmosphere. A. strong

B. endurable

C. unsusceptible

D. vulnerable

7. Amazon, the major electronic commerce company, has recently come up with an ingenious idea about its delivery. A. thinking out of the box

B. innovative

C. unimaginative

D. on the ball

8. Unlike human baristas, it can serve multiple drinks at once and work all day and night without

leaving thousands of people jobless. A. complement

D. split

transform themselves to become cyborgs.

stay unstable

A. eliminated

C. incorporate

5. Smart devices can enhance our perceptions, arms us with knowledge, and

D. preprogrammed

instruction based on their strengths and weaknesses. B. preserve itself for

A. expert

A. speedily

6. Al or Robots can easily adapt to each student's individual learning needs and can target A. familiarize itself with

B. unite

make are still our own.

D. commence

5. The door we escaped through had an automatic lock but we didn't know that. A. manual

A. integrate

3. Humans will have to become more adept at things that machines can't do, namely dealing with

4. While technologies will continue to become exponentially more powerful, the decisions we

experts take seriously the possibility of super intelligence in our lifetime. B. drawbacks

D. persistently

other humans, and social skills will beat cognitive skills in the marketplace.

D. some merit

4. Thanks to recent breakthroughs, many Al milestones have now been reached, making many A. setbacks

C. few and far between

2. When computers advanced, they would merge with other technologies, such as nanotechnology and robotics.

2. An Al arms race could inadvertently lead to an Al war that also results in mass casualties. A. regeneration

B. again and again

C. under control

D. on the blink

a break. A. day in and day out

B. many a time and oft

C. time and time again

D. once in a blue moon

9. Although robots certainly help us to eliminate tedious tasks, many people are concerned about a future filled with robots. A. deadly-dull

B. exciting

C. run-of-the-mill

D. as dry as dust

10. These ideas of the robot rebellion, in which robots become so smart that they may decide to turn on their masters, may seem a bit far-fetched. B. difficult to believe

C. incredible

D. likely

D. broken

C. stolen

D. steal

B. blown

B. to take

B. to shine

B. to build

B. to paint

B. repair

B. danger

B. taking

11. You should have your car ____ before going.

B. success

C. potential

D. talent

A. tested

B. to test

C. test

D. testing

А. repair

B. repaired

C. to repair

D. repairing

C. chinning

D. shine

19. Microsoft says that the app Cortana continually learns about its users and it will eventually develop the ability to ____ users' needs.

C. built

D. building

20. We had the room ____ yesterday.

A. install

A. carried

A. anticipate

A. decorates C. painted

D. painting

B. to install

C. installed

D. installing

C. repaired

D. repairing

C. pressure

D. threat

B. carry

C. to carry

D. been carried

B. imagine

B. had decorated

C. link

D. indicate

C. decorated

D. decorating

21. The villagers have had the use of this washing machine ____ by this engineer. A. explain

B. explained

C. to explain

D. explains

22. By ____ the housework done, we have time to further our studies. A. taking

B. to have

C. having

D. to get

23. Although it's fine for figures like Elon Musk and Stephen Hawking to raise ____ about the dangers of artificial intelligence, the majority of computer scientists agree that these problems

10. Have these flowers ____ to her office, please. A. taken

D. get

18. We rarely have our luggage ____ by porters.

9. Robots could even be part of security alerting you to possible fires that you are under ____ of. A. risk

C. take

D. taken

8. I will have your car ____ by the end of the day. A. to repair

B. make

14. As we may have seen in many films such as the Matrix, or iRobot, robots have the ____ to

C. taking

7. I'll have the boys ____ the chairs. A. paint

13. You should ____ a professional to check your house for earthquake damage.

D. to blow

6. I am going to have a new house ____. A. build

D. made

C. blowing

5. Bill is having his shoes ____. A. shined

C. make

17. They have just had air conditioning ____ in their house.

4. George had his papers ____ at the police station. A. take

B. to make

16. Lisa had the roof ____ yesterday.

3. Fred had his hat ____ off in the wind. A. blow

D. serviced

15. Pupils should have their eyes ____ regularly. C. breaking

2. Frank had his passport ____ on a train. B. to steal

A. making

A. achievement

1. James had his nose ____ in a fight

A. stealing

C. service

ruin our lives if something were to go wrong.

V. Choose the best answer A, B, C or D to complete the sentences.

B. to break

B. to service

12. I'll have a new dress ____ for my daughter.

A. have

A. beyond the bounds of possibility

A. break

A. servicing

C. take

D. to take

are far away. A. existence

B. problem

C. awareness

D. idea

24. Speech ____ is the ability of the computer to understand a human talking to it. A. recommendation

B. recognition

C. acceptance

D. realization

slang words, noise in the background, feeling poorly (flu, cold, etc.). This means that the

25. The government has had new houses ____ in the rural areas. A. build

B. built

computer has to be (5) ___ trained ____ to recognize the voice of the human. Honda CRV has

C. to be built

D. building

the following (6) ___ range ___ of voice commands that the driver can use while driving - using the mobile phone, turning the temperature up or down, turning the air conditioner on or off,

C. explored

D. to explore

asking the car to (7) ___ navigate____ using the satellite navigation system, turning the radio on or off or up or down.

C. cut

D. to cut

26. NASA has had an autonomous spaceship ____ the universe recently. A. exploring

B. explore

27. She is going to have her wedding dress ____. A. cutting

B. cuts

28. Smartphones are a great example of the ____ of artificial intelligence. A. application

B. request

C. programme

D. relation

29. AI enables computers to do some things better than humans, especially when it comes to B. processing

C. procession

D. be processed

B. whitewashed

(8) ____ adapt ____ to any new situation that may (9) ___ arise ____. An intelligent robot can be programmed with its own expert (10) ____ system ___. For example, a factory is blocked with fallen boxes, then an intelligent robot will remember this and take a different route. following passage. We won't have robot doctors for a long time, (1) ____ the human doctors we have now

30. It's about time you had your house ____. A. whitewash

An intelligent robot has many different sensors, large processors and a large memory in order to show that they have intelligence. The robots will learn from their mistakes and be able to

II. Choose the word or phrase among A, B, C or D that best fits the blank space in the

____ very large amounts of data quickly, efficiently, and accurately. A. process

Speech recognition is the (4) __ ability ___ of the computer to understand a human talking to it. There are many problems associated with this - humans have different accents,

are beginning to learn on specialized artificial intelligence to help save time. C. whitewashing

D. to whitewash

C. READING I. Fill each of the numbered blanks in the following passage. Use only one word in each space.

Google DeepMind has just announced a partnership with University College London Hospital(UCLH) which will explore (2) ____ artificial intelligence to treat patients with head and neck cancers. The goal is to develop tools to automatically identify cancerous cells for radiology machines.

ability

adapt

interpret

arise

trained

Currently, radiologists employ a manual process, called image (3) ____, to make CT and

navigate

artificial

range

diagnosis

system

MRI scans and use them to create a map of the patient's anatomy with clear guidelines of where to direct the (4) ____. Avoiding healthy areas of the head and neck requires that map to be

APPLICATIONS AND USERS OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE A neural network is an electronic model of the brain consisting of many interconnected simple processors. This imitates how your actual brain works. Applications of (1) __ artificial __ neural systems consist of vision systems, speech recognition, handwriting recognition and intelligent robots. Artificial Intelligence is used to (2) ____ interpret ___ and understand an image in industrial, military use, or in satellite photo interpretation. Police use the computer to come up with a photo fit drawing of a criminal, and doctors use the system to make (3) ___ diagnosis ___ of patient.

extraordinarily detailed; typically it takes four hours to create. Google believes it can do the same job or better in one hour. DeepMind, Google's research arm, works primarily in deep learning, a form of artificial intelligence that learns to identify patterns from looking at large amount of data. In this case, DeepMind researchers will (5) ____ access to anonymized radiology scans from up to 700 former UCLH patients, and then feed them into (6) ____ that would process the scans to learn the visual difference between healthy and cancerous tissue. The partnership will (7) ____ researchers to train their algorithms with highlyspecialized, high-quality data, which theoretically will enable the algorithm to (8) ____ at a higher rate of success than if they had been using publicly available scans.

For those concerned about machines making health (9) ____ decisions, UCLH made it clear in a statement to the newspaper Guardian that clinicians will be in complete control of

To get ready for the flight John did lots of reading about aero planes. When he booked his seat, he was told that he would be flying on a Boeing 747, which is better known as a jumbo jet.

diagnoses and treatment.

"I needed to know as much as possible before getting in that plane. I suppose it was a way of

DeepMind isn't the first care. Samsung Medison, the South Korean (10) ____ company's medical device arm, recently released an ultrasound machine that uses deep learning to quickly recommend whether breast tissue is cancerous or benign. The machine's algorithm was trained on 9,000 breast tissue scans, and is pending FDA approval in the US.

making myself feel better. The Boeing 747 is the largest passenger aircraft in the world at the moment. The first one flew on February 9th 1969 in the USA. It can carry up to 524 passengers and 3.400 pieces of luggage. The fuel for aero planes is kept in the wings and the 747 is wings are so big that they can carry enough fuel for an average car to be able to travel 16,000 kilometers a year for 70 years. Isn't that unbelievable? Even though I had discovered all this very

1. A. what

B. why

C. when

D. but

2. A. using

B. translating

C. expressing

D. performing

to travel to Canada, I still couldn't believe that something so enormous was going to get up in the

3. A. judgment

B. discovery

C. segmentation

D. identification

4. A. intelligence

B. radiation

C. level

D. strength

air and fly. I was even more impressed when I saw how big it was inside with hundreds of people!"

5. A. grow

B. ask

C. repair

D. obtain

6. A. limit

B. distance

C. algorithms

D. arrangement

7. A. move

B. allow

C. sail

D. stop

was spectacular. I even managed to sleep for a while! Of course," continues John, "the best

8. A. perform

B. access

C. adopt

D. change

9. A. develop

B. exist

C. rise

D. care

reward of all was when I arrived in Canada and saw my son and his family, particularly my beautiful grandchildren. Suddenly, I felt so silly about all the years when I couldn't even think of

10. A. way

B. method

C. technology

D. organization

III. Read the following passage and choose among A, B, C or D the correct answer to each of the questions from 1 to 6. FIRST TIME IN THE AIR When John Mills was going to fly in an aero plane for the first time, he was frightened. He did not like the idea of being thousands of feet up in the air. "I also didn't like the fact that I wouldn't be in control," says John. "I'm a terrible passenger in the car. When somebody else is driving, I tell them what to so. It drives everybody crazy." However John couldn't avoid flying any longer. It was the only way he could visit his grandchildren in Canada. "I had made up my mind that I was going to do it, I couldn't let my son, his wife and their three children travel all the way here to visit me. It would be so expensive for them and I know Tom's business isn't doing so well at the moment - it would also be tiring for the children - it's a nine-hour flight!" he says.

interesting information about the jumbo, when I saw it for the first time, just before I was going

The biggest surprise of all for John was the flight itself. "The take-off itself was much smoother than I expected although I was still quite scared until we were in the air. In the end, I managed to relax, enjoy the food and watch one of the movies and the view from the window

getting on a plane. I had let my fear of living stop me from seeing the people I love most in the world. I can visit my son and family as often as I like now!" 1. Why did John Mills fly in an aero plane? A. He wanted to go on holiday.

B. He wanted to try it.

C. He wanted to see his family.

D. He had to travel on business.

2. Why did John read about aero plane? A. He wanted to know how they work.

B. It was his hobby

C. It made him feel safer.

D. He had found a book on them.

3. What happened when he saw the jumbo jet for the first time? A. He felt much safer.

B. He liked the shape of it.

C. He couldn't believe how big it was.

D. He thought the wings were very

small 4. How did John feel when the aero plane was taking off? A. excited

B. happy

C. sad

D. frightened

5. What surprised John most about the flight? A. That he liked the food.

B. That he was able to sleep.

C. That there was a movie being shown.

D. That the view was good.

6. How did John feel about his fears in the end? A. He thought he had wasted time being afraid. B. He realized it was okay to be afraid. C. He hoped his grandchildren weren't afraid of flying. D. He realized that being afraid kept him safe. IV. Read the following passage and choose among A, B, C or D the correct answer to each of the questions from 1 to 8. The first two decades of this century were dominated by the microbe hunters. These

hunters who will occupy the spotlight will be neurobiologists who apply the techniques of the enzyme and gene hunters to the funtions of the brain. What to call them? The head hunters. I will return to them later. 1. What is the main topic of the passage? A. The microbe hunters.

B. The potential of genetic

engineering. C. The progress of modern medical research.

D. The discovery of enzymes.

2. The word “incriminated” in the first paragraph is closest in meaning to ____. A. blamed

B. eliminated

C. investigated

3. Which of the following can be cured by a change in diet? A. Tuberculosis

B. Cholera

C. Cystique fibroses

hunters had tracked down one after another of the microbes responsible for the most dreaded

4. The word "strived" in the second paragraph is closest in meaning to ____.

scourges of many centuries: tuberculosis, cholera, diphtheria. But there remained some terrible diseases for which no microbe could be incriminated: scurvy, pellagra, rickets, beriberi. Then it

5. How do vitamins influence health?

was discovered that these diseases were caused by the lack of vitamins, a trace substance in the diet. The diseases could be prevented or cured by consuming foods that contained the vitamins.

A. studied

B. tried

C. experimented

B. They are broken down by cells to produce energy.

In the 1940's and 1950's, biochemists strived to learn why each of the vitamins was essential for health. They discovered that key enzymes in metabolism depend on one or another

D. They are necessary for some enzymes to function.

You are aware that the enzyme hunters have been replaced by a new breed of hunters who are tracking genes - the blueprints for each of the enzymes - and are discovering the defective genes that cause inherited diseases - diabetes, cystic fibrosis. These gene hunters, or genetic engineers, use recombinant DNA technology to identify and clone genes and introduce them into bacterial cells and plants to create factories for the massive production of hormones and vaccines for medicine and for better crops for agriculture. Biotechnology has become a multi billion dollar industry. In view of the inexorable progress in science, we can expect that the gene hunters will be

D. Pell Agra

D. failed

A. They protect the body from microbes.

And so in the decades of the 1920's and 1930's, nutrition became a science and the vitamin hunters replaced the microbe hunters.

of the vitamins as coenzymes to perform the chemistry that provides cells with energy for growth and function. Now, these enzyme hunters occupied center stage.

D. produced

C. They keep food from spoiling.

6. The phrase "occupy the spotlight" in the last paragraph is closest in meaning to ____. A. go to furthest

B. lighten to load

C. conquer territory

D. receive the most attention

7. The author implies that the most important medical research topic of the future will be ____. A. the functions of the brain

B. inherited diseases

C. the operation of vitamins

D. the structure of genes

8. With which of the following statements would the author be most likely to agree? A. Most diseases are caused by defective genes. B. The focus of medical research will change in the next two decades.

replaced in the spotlight. When and by whom? Which kind of hunter will dominate the scene in

C. Medical research throughout the twentieth century has been dominated by microbe

the last decade of our waning century and in the early decades of the next? I wonder whether the

hunters.

D. Medical breakthroughs often depend on luck.

She will have her dog examined.

D. WRITING

14. We had a man take this photograph when we were on holiday last summer.

I. Rewrite the following sentences using causative.

We had this photograph taken when we were on holiday last summer.

1. I had my nephew paint the gate last week.

15. The Greens had a carpet cleaner clean their carpet.

I had the gate painted last week.

The Greens had their carpet cleaned.

2. She will have Peter wash her car tomorrow.

II. Rewrite the following sentences so that the second ones have the same meaning as the

She will have her car washed tomorrow.

given sentence.

3. They have her tell the story again.

1. She quit the job because the salary was too low.

They have the story told again.

If it hadn’t been for the low salary/ the salary hadn’t been so low, she wouldn’t have quit the job.

4. John gets his sister to clean his shirt.

2. Because the clothes were too dirty, it took her 2 hours to do the washing.

John gets his shirt cleaned.

Because of the dirty clothes, it took her 2 hours to do the washing.

5. Anne has had a friend type her composition.

3. Jackie outran all the other runners in the recent marathon.

Anne has had her composition typed.

Jackie was the fastest runner in the recent marathon.

6. Rick will have a barber cut his hair.

4. "Have all these paperwork finished before you go out OK?" said her boss.

Rick will have his hair cut.

Her boss told her to finish all those/ the paperwork before going out.

7. I will get the dressmaker to make a new dress.

5. You must have your car fixed soon or it's going to break down in the middle of nowhere and

I will get a new dress made. 8. He had a mechanic repair his car. He had his car repaired. 9. She often gets the technician to maintain the heater.

you'll get big trouble. Your car needs fixing soon or it’s going to break down in the middle of nowhere and you'll get big trouble. 6. Although the desk was of large size, little Maggie managed to lift it up long enough.

She often gets the heater maintained.

In spite of the desk’s large size/ the large size of the desk, little Maggie managed to lift it up long enough.

10. They had the police arrest the shoplifter.

7. "Could you please open the door for me, it's a bit stuffy in here?" said Laura to her colleague.

They had the shoplifter arrested.

Laura kindly asked her colleague to open the door for her as it was a bit stuffy in there.

11. Are you going to have the shoemaker repair your shoes?

8. I dislike it when my little brother tries to blame me for his petty tricks.

Are you going to have your shoes repaired.

I object to my little brother trying to blame me for his petty tricks.

12. I must have the dentist check my teeth. I must have my teeth checked.

III. Rewrite the following sentences so that the second ones have the same meaning as the given sentence.

13. She will have a veterinary surgeon examine her dog.

1. It is fairly unlikely that the teacher will accept such a feeble excuse.

There is little likelihood that the teacher will accept such a feeble excuse.

4. A. librarian

B. experiment

C. historical

D. entertain

2. You wouldn't find a more spacious room at this price in such a crowded city like Hanoi.

5. A. incredible

B. exterminate

C. exponential

D. humanity

This room is the most spacious one you can find at this price in such a crowded city like Hanoi.

III. Choose the best answer A, B, C or D to complete the sentences.

3. I won't ever let her down in any way.

1. I'll have another key ____.

In no way will I ever let her down.

A. made

4. "You shouldn't eat too much sugar now that you've got diabetes." said the doctor to my grandpa.

A. deliver

It is the doctor's recommendation that my grandpa (should) not eat too much sugar now that he’s got diabetes.

Her mother encouraged her not to give up on her dream whatever obstacle may let you down. 6. The reason why he's studying so hard is that he wants to win a scholarship. With a view to winning a scholarship, he’s studying so hard.

D. make

B. delivered

C. to deliver

D. delivering

B. to develop

C. developing

D. developed

C. to do

D. doing

C. typed

D. typing

4. She had her hair ____ yesterday. A. done

B. do

5. Have her ____ these letters, please. A. type

7. He gave me lots of gifts on my 18th birthday.

C. to make

3. I have not had the film ____ yet. A. develop

5. "Whatever obstacle may let you down, don't ever give up on your dream." said her mother.

B. making

2. Do you have a newspaper ____ to your home?

B. to type

6. Robots can act as 24/7 ____ to children with disabilities or the elderly.

Lots of gifts were given to take by him on my 18th birthday.

A. equipment

8. "Please stay here with me." said the girl in tears to her boyfriend. The girl in tears beggedher boyfriend to stay there with her.

B. devices

C. aids

D. contribution

7. Artificial intelligence is often the technology deployed to ____ the type of fraud that may be committed on your bank account.

PART 3: TEST YOURSELF

A. monitor

I. Find the word which has a different sound in the part underlined. 1. A. spread

B. cream

C. bread

D. head

2. A. exterminate

B. extend

C. expand

D. example

3. A. sugar

B. stew

C. sauce

D. steam

4. A. interfere

B. incredible

C. intervention

D. ending

5. A. grate

B. shallot

C. marinate

D. staple

6. A navigation

B. activate

C. faraway

D. malfunction

II. Choose the word which has a different stress pattern from the others. 1. A. futurist

B. malfunction

C. consequence

D. activate

2. A promote

B. diverse

C. language

D. combine

3. A. exterminator

B. singularity

C. technological

D. similarity

B. listen

C. request

D. recognize

C. to make

D. making

8. We have just had the carpenter ____ this chair. A. made

B. make

9. What did you do this morning? We ____ the room whitewashed. A. had

B. have

C. got to

D. order

C. cleaned

D. being cleaned

10. I have had my room ____ today. A. clean

B. cleaning

11. ____ robots are machines, there is no need for sleep. A. Although

B. As

C. Therefore

D. When

12. The students got the librarian ____ books for them. A. buy

B. to buy

C. bought

13. John had just had his brother ____ a house for him on Fifth Avenue.

D. buying

A. building

B. build

C. to build

D. built

C. bringing

D. brought

26. There is no doubt that the technology of artificial intelligence in the wrong ____ can cause mass destruction.

14. Let's have our waiter ____ some coffee. A. bring

B. to bring

A. persons

A. clean and press

B. cleaned and pressed

C. cleaning and pressing

D. cleaning and pressed

A. independent

B. formed - explained

C. shaped - explained

shaped - defined

C. do

D. get

C. handing in

D. having handed in

B. to buy

C. bought

D. buying

B. clean

C. cleaning

D. to clean

21. Artificial Intelligence (AI) ____ to the "intelligence" of machinery. A. talks

B. adds

C. mentions

B. to take

C. took

D. takes

23. She doesn't like having her picture ____. A. take

B. taken

C. taking

D. to take

24. I'm sorry I'm late, but I ____ my watch ____ on the way here. A. have/ cleaned

B. had/ clean

C. had/ cleaned

B. swept

D. being repaired

C. filled

D. to be filled

C. mended

D. being mended

29. My grandmother had a tooth ____ last week. B. filling

A. mend

B. mending

1. The concept of the artificial intelligence system is based on ____evolution____ Darwinian. 2. Insecticides are agricultural chemicals that __exterminate___ insects harmful to plants. 3. We hope that cancer will not be ___recognized___ as a life- threatening disease. RECOGNIZE __singularity__. SINGULAR 5. The burglar alarm is ____activated____ by movement. ACTIVATE 6. He has succeeded in ____resurrecting______ his career in television. RESURRECT 7. The drug caused a ______malfunction______ in the brain. FUNCTION 8. So far, only one person has survived an operation to ___implant__ an artificial heart. IMPLANTING V. Choose the word or phrase among A, B, C or D that best fits the blank space in the

D. had/ to clean

following passage. customer

25. Please have the cleaner ____ this meeting room. A. sweep

C. repaired

4. The intelligence of machines would exceed that of humans - a moment that futurists call the D. refers

22. We had a professional photographer ____ pictures of everyone who participated in our wedding. A. take

B. repairing

EXTERMINATION

20. Why don't you have that coat ____? A. cleaned

A. repair

EVOLUTING

19. The students got the librarian ____ books for them. A. buy

D. automated

IV. Give the correct form of the words.

18. The teacher had the students ____ their test. B. handed in

C. automating

30. We had the roof ____ last year.

17. He couldn't afford to ____ his car repaired.

A. hand in

B. automatic

28. I'd like to have my shoes ____ at one.

A. fill

B. make

D. hands

inspection, and exploration of dangerous environments.

16. The term 'Artificial Intelligence' was originally ____ by John McCarthy at a conference in which he ____ it as "the science and engineering of making intelligent machines".

A. pay

C. fingers

27. Intelligent robots carry out many different tasks such as ____ delivery in a factory, pipe

15. You ought to have your coat ____.

A. formed - defined

B. controls

C. sweeping

D. to sweep

package

electronic

artificial

robots

delivery example

communicate

ingenious

chores

museums to "hear" classic paintings. In fact, a simple walk in a different way. He started going to museums to hear classic paintings. In fact, a simple walk down a grocery store filled with

Some robots may take care of the dishes, do your laundry, keep the house clean, or even go to the store to do your shopping. Robots that use (1) ____ artificial _____ intelligence are the

colourful products produces some catchy tunes. Harbisson loves his eyeborg so much that he

ones that a lot of people are holding out for. Not only will these robots be able to take care of,

mechanical improvements.

but they will be able to learn as well.

rarely takes it (6) ____. He now gives talks urging others to consider adding their own In 1998, British scientist Kevin Warwick conducted his own experiment. He implanted a

There are some types of robots that already use a form of (2) ____ chores ____ artificial intelligence called "swarm intelligence". As a(n) (3) ____ example ____ of how this works,

chip inside of his arm, which he used to control lights and other appliances at home. He later expanded the project (7) ____

scientists have created underwater robots that will be used to repair coral reefs that have been damaged. What these robots do is work together to rebuild damaged reefs. As they (4) ___

placing electrodes inside his nervous system and linking it to the Internet. This allowed him to control external objects including robotic arms, amplifiers, and loudspeakers. His work remains

communicate ___, each one knows what has been done in one area of a reef and can help build

influential as this example of extended sensory input was the first of its kind.

other areas or build onto something that another robot has done. Working together, the (5) ____ robots ____ create a new reef that can then be left to grow and thrive on its own. Amazon, the major (6) ____ electronic _____ commerce company, has recently come out an (7) ____ ingenious ____ idea. Instead of having a package delivered to a (8) ____ customer ____

If you're interested in becoming a cyborg and you're (8) ____, a good place to start might be with a pair of Google Glass. Users wear it like ordinary eyeglasses, yet Google Glass is equipped with state-the-art electronics. Using voice (9) ____ you can have it take a picture of what you see, see directions right in front of you, or translate your voice into other languages. Hopefully, this experience will help you decide whether becoming a cyborg is right for you, or if

via delivery truck, Amazon will send out flying drones that will bring a package to a person's

you're content to remain a human like the (10) ____ us.

house for (9) ___ delivery ___ almost immediately. Just think about how amazing it would be

1. A. help on

B. help to

C. help over

D. help out

when you order a small item from Amazon, choose immediate delivery, and within an hour a drone lands in your front yard and leaves your (10) ____ package _____ for you. These types of

2. A. jobs

B. perceptions

C. careers

D. offices

robots could turn out to be a dream come true for customers who like to get their orders super fast.

3. A. model

B. copy

C. representation

D. machine

4. A. speak

B. write

C. share

D. experience

VI. Choose the word or phrase among A, B, C or D that best fits the blank space in the

5. A. started

B. gone away

C. stayed

D. survived

following passage.

6. A. with

B. by

C. off

D. for

7. A. by

B. out in

C. out with

D. over

8. A. willing

B. asking

C. making

D. doing

9. A. causes

B. provides

C. commands

D. transmits

10. A. make out

B. make out

C. rest of

D. turn in

It's only natural that people want to use the latest innovations to better themselves. Smart devices can truly do incredible things and (1) ____ simplify our day. They can also enhance our (2) ____, arms us with knowledge, and transform themselves to become cyborgs. Cyborg is a term used to describe a being that is half human and half (3) ____. This may sound like something out of science-fiction novels, but some people have already adapted this lifestyle. One is artist Neil Harbisson. He was born completely colour-blind, and could only see black and white images. It seemed that he would never (4) ____ colour. After attending a cybernetics talk in college, he met an inventor who agreed to make a special device for him. They designed an eyeborg, a mechanical eye that converted colours into sound frequencies. This enabled Harbisson to hear colour and perceive the world in a different way. He (5) ____ going to

VII. Read the following passage and choose among A, B, C or D the correct answer to each of the questions Although the "lie detectors" are being used by governments, police departments, and businesses that all want guaranteed ways of detecting the truth, the results are not always accurate. Lie detectors are properly called emotion detectors, for their aim is to measure bodily

changes that contradict what a person says. The polygraph machine records changes in heart rate, breathing, blood pressure, and the electrical activity of the skin (galvanic skin response, or GSR). In the first part of the polygraph test, you are electronically connected to the machine and asked a few neutral questions ("What is your name?", "Where do you live?"). Your physical reactions serve the standard (baseline) for evaluating what comes next. Then you are asked a few critical questions among the neutral ones ("When did you rob the bank?"). The assumption is that if you are guilty, your body will reveal the truth, even if you try to deny it. Your heart rate, respiration, and GSR will change abruptly as you respond to the incriminating questions. That is the theory; but psychologists have found that lie detectors are simply not reliable. Since most physical changes are the same across all emotions, machines cannot tell whether you are feeling guilty, angry, nervous, thrilled, or revved up form an exciting day. Innocent people may be tense and nervous about the whole procedure. They may react physiologically to a certain word ("bank") not because they robbed it, but because they recently bounced a check. In either case the machine will record a "lie". The reverse mistake is also common. Some practiced liars can lie without flinching, and others learn to beat the machine by tensing muscles or thinking about an exciting experience during neutral questions.

D. How lie detectors are used and their reliability

A. belief

B. faith

C. statement

D. imagining

7. This passage was probably written by a specialist in ____. A. sociology reading

B. anthropology

C. criminal psychology

D. mind

VIII. Read the following passage and choose among A, B, C or D the correct answer to each of the questions. There has been much debate over the past few decades concerning fears that nation will lead to robots replacing human workers on a massive scale. The increasing use of robotics, computers and artificial intelligence is a reality, but its full implications are far from cut and dried. Some forecasts present the future in a utopian way, claiming that robots will take over the tedious heavy work thus freeing up human time and potential, allowing for more creativity and innovation w the other end of spectrum are those who

utilized in many tasks in place of manual laborers and social upheaval followed, the Digital

2. According to the test, polygraph ____.

Revolution is likely to place robots in various jobs. In spite of that, many of today's jobs were not

A. measure a person's thoughts person

B. always reveal the truth about a

C. make guilty people angry reactions

D. record a person's physical

3. According to the passage, what kind of questions is asked on the first part of the polygraph test? C. emotional

D. unimportant

C. standards

D. evaluations

4. The word "ones" in paragraph 1 refers to ____.

5. The word "it" in paragraph 1 refers to ____.

6. The word "assumption" in paragraph 1 could best be replaced with ____.

The bottom line is that while the future is always uncertain, robots are a fixture of our society, which is not going to disappear. As with the Industrial Revolution, where machines were

C. Lie detectors make innocent people nervous

B. reactions

D. the truth

years robots could be in place in a number of job categories, particularly those at lower end of the scale in terms of skills.

B. Physical reaction reveal guilty

A. questions

C. the assumption

could vanish within the next few decades. Former Microsoft chairman Bill Gates states that in 20

A. Lie detectors distinguish different emotions

B. critical

B. your body

foresee an employment apocalypse, predicting that almost fifty percent of all American jobs

1. What is the main idea of this passage?

A. incriminating

A. the question

in existence before the Industrial Revolution, such as those of programmers, engineers and data scientists. This leads other experts to criticize this alarmist approach of robot scare-mongering, which is invariably compared to the 19th-century "Luddites". This group was textile workers who feared being displaced by machines and resorted to violence, burning down factories and destroying industrial equipment - their rejection of inevitable progress has come to symbolize mindless ignorance. Needless to say, exactly what new kinds of jobs might exist in the future is difficult to envision at present. Therefore, the crux of the issue is not whether jobs will be lost, but whether the creation of new vacancies will outpace the ever-increasing number of losses and what skills will be required in the future.

It is clearly not all doom and gloom, as demand for employees with skills in data analysis, coding, computer science, artificial intelligence and human-machine interface is rising and will continue to do so. Furthermore, the demand for skills in Jobs where humans surpass computers, such as those involving care, creativity and innovative craftmanship, are likely to increase considerably. Ultimately, the key lies in the adaptation of the workforces, through appropriate education and training, to keep pace with our world's technological progress. 1. What is the main concern associated with technological advances in the workplace?

C. The least understood part

D. The most important part

7. According to the article, which quality will technology never be able to replace? A. teamwork

B. human compassion

C. the desire to manufacture goods

D. human intelligence

8. What is the main idea of this article? A. There are few negative consequences to the Digital Revolution.

A. safety at work

B. increased unemployment

B. Learning about technology is a natural part of human development.

C. the use of artificial intelligence

D. robots taking over the world

C. Workers will need to adapt to technological changes.

2. What do optimists predict technology will allow?

D. Unemployment will increase dramatically as technology advances.

A. workplaces to become more relaxing

B. a greater enjoyment of life

C. flexible working hours

D. higher quality products

3. What can be inferred from the comments made by Bill Gates?

Unit 8. THE WORLD OF WORK - KEY PART 1: VOCABULARY AND GRAMMAR REVIEW A. VOCABULARY

A. Changes will occur for many decades. B. There will be increasing amounts of unskilled workers.

• academic /ˌækəˈdemɪk/(a): học thuật, giỏi các môn học thuật

C. Highly skilled workers have less to worry about.

• administrator /ədˈmɪnɪstreɪtə(r)/ (n): nhân viên hành chính

D. Technology will have a negative effect in the workplace. 4. Why is the example of the Industrial Revolution given?

• align /əˈlaɪn/ (v): tuân theo, phù hợp • applicant /ˈæplɪkənt/ (n): người nộp đơn xin việc • apply /əˈplaɪ/ (v): nộp đơn, đệ trình

A. It was also a time of great change in the workplace.

• apprentice /əˈprentɪs/ (n): thực tập sinh, người học việc

B. It had far less of an effect than the Digital Revolution.

• approachable /əˈprəʊtʃəbl/ (a): dễ gần, dễ tiếp cận

C. It lead to widespread unemployment in the world.

• barista /bəˈriːstə/ (n): nhân viên làm việc trong quán cà phê

D. It resulted in a more violent society.

• candidate /ˈkændɪdət/ (n): ứng viên đã qua vòng sơ tuyển

5. What is the modern-day view of the Luddites?

• cluttered /ˈklʌtəd/ (a): lộn xộn, trông rối mắt • compassionate /kəmˈpæʃənət/ (a): thông cảm, cảm thông

A. They managed to protect their jobs. B. Their refusing to adapt to change is seen in a negative way. C. Their adapting to new technology saved their jobs. D. Their actions are inspiring many workers today.

• colleague /ˈkɒliːɡ/ (n): đồng nghiệp • covering letter /ˌkʌvərɪŋ ˈletə(r)/: thư xin việc • dealership /ˈdiːləʃɪp/ (n): doanh nghiệp, kinh doanh • demonstrate /ˈdemənstreɪt/ (v): thể hiện

6. Which of the following is closest in meaning to crux in paragraph 4? A. The most complex part

• articulate /ɑːˈtɪkjuleɪt/ (a): hoạt ngôn, nói năng lưu loát

B. The hidden message

• entrepreneur /ˌɒntrəprəˈnɜː(r)/ (n): nhà doanh nghiệp, người khởi nghiệp • potential/pəˈtenʃl/ (a): tiềm năng • prioritise /praɪˈɒrətaɪz/ (v): sắp xếp công việc hợp lý, ưu tiên việc quan trọng trước

• probation /prəˈbeɪʃn/ (n): sự thử việc, thời gian thử việc

5. Không lùi thì:

• qualification /ˌkwɒlɪfɪˈkeɪʃn/ (n): trình độ chuyên môn bằng cấp • recruit /rɪˈkruːt/ (v): tuyển dụng • relevant /ˈreləvənt/ (a): thích hợp, phù hợp • shortlist /ˈʃɔːtlɪst/ (v): sơ tuyển • specialise /ˈspeʃəlaɪz/ (v): chuyên về lĩnh vực nào đó

Form: S + V(hiện tại) + (sb) + Mệnh đề không lùi thì Ex:

"I'm very exhausted now" she says. → She says she is very exhausted now.

* BẢNG LÙI THÌ

• tailor /ˈteɪlə(r)/ (v): điều chỉnh cho phù hợp • trailer /ˈtreɪlə(r)/ (n): xe móc, xe kéo • tuition /tjuˈɪʃn/ (n): học phí

DIRECT SPEECH Simple present

REPORTED SPEECH Simple past

• unique /juˈniːk/ (a): đặc biệt, khác biệt, độc nhất

Present continuous

Past continuous

• well-spoken /ˌwel ˈspəʊkən/ (a): nói hay, nói với lời lẽ trau chuốt

Present perfect

Past perfect

B. GRAMMAR REVIEW

Simple past

Past perfect

I. BASIC REPORTED SPEECH.

Past continuous

Past perfect continuous

1. Statement: Câu kể

Future (will/shall)

Future in the past (would/ should)

Form: S + said told sb + that + Mệnh đề lùi thì Ex:

Near future (be going to V)

Was/were going to V

"I will come back tomorrow" Marry said.

Can

Could

→ Marry said she would come back the next day.

May

Might

Note: said →said that

Must

Had to

said to sb → told sb that

Needn't

Didn't have to

2. Command: Câu yêu cầu, đề nghị

* BẢNG LÙI TRẠNG NGỮ

Form: S + asked/told + sb + (not) + to V Ex:

this

that

these

those

here

there

Form: S + asked + (sb) + if/whether + Mệnh đề lùi thì

now

then

"Can you speak English, Diep?" I asked.

ago

before (earlier)

→ I asked Diep if she could speak English.

today

that day

4. Wh-Question. Form: S + asked + (sb) + Wh + Mệnh đề lùi thì Ex:

REPORTED SPEECH

→ The teacher told us not to talk in class. 3. Yes/No Questions.

Ex:

DIRECT SPEECH

"Don't talk in class" The teacher said to us.

"Where are you from?" He asked me. → He asked me where I were from.

tonight

that night

tomorrow

the next day the following day

the day after

2. Join said to his sister "I want to buy a gift for our mother".

the previous day

Join told his sister that he wanted to buy a gift for their mother.

the day before

3. Mrs. Brown said "Where are they living?"

next + N

the following + N

Mrs. Brown asked where they were living.

the N + after

4. "Do you know the girl over there?" Tom said.

last + N

the previous + N

Tom asked me if I knew the girl over there.

the N + before

5. Mother said "Nam, why don't you go to bed?"

yesterday

PART 2: PRACTICE

Mother told Nam to go to bed.

A. PHONETICS AND PHONOLOGY

6. "May I use your telephone?" said my neighbor.

I. Find the word which has a different sound in the part underlined.

My neighbor asked me to use my telephone.

1. A. bank

B. travel

C. delay

D. magnificent

7. The manager said "Come into my office, please."

2. A. certificate

B. demonstrate

C. compassionate

D. attendant

The manager asked to come into his office.

3. A. lag

B. safari

C. package

D. stalagmite

8. "Do not get off the bus while it's going." said the driver.

4. A. align

B. recognise

C. unique

D. specialise

The driver asked us not to get off the bus while it was going.

5. A. approachable

B. charity

C. chef

D. chopsticks

9. She asked to the little boy "Take a look at yourself in the mirror!".

II. Choose a word in each line that has different stress pattern.

She told the little boy to take a look at himself in the mirror.

1. A. safari

B. sightseeing

C. mountain

D. breathtaking

10. "Don't put your elbow on the table!" he said.

2. A. covering

B. applicant

C. encourage

D. dealership

He asked me not to put my bellow on the table.

3. A. discover

B. addition

C. fantastic

D. habitat

II. Complete each of the following sentences with a suitable word from the box.

4. A. afford

B. traveller

C. wildlife

D. passport

5. A. resort

B. expedition

C. environment

D. affordable

6. A. shortlist

B. unique

C. colleague

D. cluttered

7. A. magnificence

B. geography

C. satisfaction

D. accommodate

8. A. original

B. geography

C. imperial

D. stimulating

B. VOCABULARY AND GRAMMAR I. Rewrite the following sentences. 1. He said "I have already read this book". He said that he had already read that book.

competed

requirements

application

employees

interviewer

advance

emotion

experience tendency qualified 1. ____ employees ____ who worked hard and were loyal got good pay and job security in return. 2. Soft skills may be essential to jobs that require _____ experience ____. 3. In the past, employees _____ competed _____ for jobs only with local job seekers. 4. Most companies have clear ____ requirements _____ for every position. 5. Interviews can choose the best candidate based on the _____ application ______ form.

6. The employers partly rely on their _____ emotion _____ in employing people. 7. The most _____ qualified _____ or experienced applicant will be chosen first.

3. Now layoffs are more common, so part-time _____positions_____ are more common. POSITION

8. Companies have a _____ tendency _____ to overstate the requirements for the position.

4. More _____workers______ can live away from their work. WORK

9. All applicants can take part in the interview so that the ____ interviewer _____ can choose the

5. ____employers____ did not trust those who change jobs every few years. EMPLOY

best.

6. Sympathy is a (an) _____irrelevance______ here - we need practical help. RELEVANT

10. From the employment ad, applicants can know all the requirements from the company so that

7. The singer worked hard on the clear _____articulation____ of every note. ARTICULATE

they can prepare the answers in _____ advance ____.

8. The traditional style of work is working from nine-to-five, and ____aligning___ with only one company. ALIGN

III. Fill in the blank with a suitable preposition.

9. When you decide to apply for a job, you should start work on your resume

1. Employers will have a ___thorough____ review of your resume and covering letter before

and ___covering___ letter.

deciding if you are a good enough choice for a job.

COVER

2. The explosion of data in social networks, and recruiting networks has created a new world of

10. The tips for how to ___tailor___ your resume for jobs will help you make a perfect match.

employee data ____outside___ the enterprise.

TAILORING

3. As a flight attendant you should be intellectual because you may serve or

V. Indicate the word(s) CLOSEST in meaning to the underlined word(s) in each of

have conversations ___with__ presidents, superstars, or successful entrepreneurs.

the following sentences.

4. List the highest priority phrases at the beginning _____of____ your qualification descriptions

1. The number of people on unemployment benefits has dropped over the last two months.

to get the most attention.

A. having benefits of being unemployed

5. Soft skills have the greatest impact _____on_____ an employer's perception of a potential

B. receiving unemployment compensation

employee.

C. making use of being unemployed

6. Your CV lets you demonstrate your particular training and education or particular qualities

D. sending money to the government to support the unemployed

that would be beneficial ____for_____ your future job. 7. You should review your academic history _____to______ determine how you can show

2. My mother has put money aside for her old age since she started to work in the factory. A. laid aside

evidence of your qualifications. 8. It's also important to focus _____on_____ your most relevant skills and strengths when

B. taken aside

C. spent all

D. lent me all

3. Our new boss is trying to ensure the well-being of his employees.

interviewing.

A. earnings

9. Some positions will require applicants _____to_____ have a certain level of education.

B. compensation (money paid by the government to those who are unemployed)

10. Your job requires occasional meetings with colleagues to have a certain level _____of___

C. savings

education.

D. welfare (general heath, happiness and safety)

IV. Give the correct form of the words to complete the following sentences.

4. In view of the global financial crisis, Tom and his brother has been laid off, so they are on the

1. Flight ____attendants______ need good vision and hearing. ATTEND

dole.

2. First things first, you must love ____aviation______ and flying. AVIATE

A. selling goods on pavements

B. receiving a lot of attention

C. living on their parents' support

D. living on unemployment benefits

2. With unemployment at a record level, retraining programmes would pay off in the long run.

5. Two employees have been sacked and 120 others face dismissal for joining earlier protests. A. recruitment

B. redundancy C. employment

D. application

A. lastingly

6. Frank, 41, applied for the post when the parish council advertised two vacancies. A. occupied positions

B. job opportunities

C. unavailable positions

D. accommodated room

B. prior

C. practical

D. considerable

A. seemed to be easy in her mind

B. in a tizzy

C. on pins and needles

D. under pressure

A. competent

A. in conflict with

roll.

terms with B. on the up and up

C. inefficient

D. unqualified

B. give up gatherings

C. able to manage

D. buying and selling goods

10. There were some very strong candidates for the job but none of them met my expectations. B. overcame

C. fulfilled

B. as regards

C. in respect to

B. irrespective of

C. in spite of

D. unskilled

B. in disagreement with

C. on the outs with

D. on good

B. seize

C. neglect

D. take

A. acceptable

B. inappropriate

C. tailor-made

D. proper

8. The daughter of a blue-collar factory worker, Anne grew up on a council estate in Bracknell. A. physical

B. manual

C. laboring

D. mental

9. Previously financial matters were dealt with by qualified accountants, financial advisers. D. owing to

12. She clearly joined the firm with a view to improving herself professionally. A. with no regard to

A. jump at

D. underestimated

11. She got the job in the teeth of considerable competition. A. regardless of

C. disorganized

7. I believe Mr. Brown is the most suitable candidate for the job as he has all the necessary qualifications.

A. barely have enough to live on

A. surpassed

B. unqualified

6. Most people would grab at the chance of working for that company.

9. The Wilsons have found it terribly hard to make ends meet ever since they both lost their jobs.

D. durably

5. I find myself at odds with most of my colleagues on what is the best way forward.

8. Sara brought in a lot of business last month; she would ask for a pay rise while she's still on a A. unsuccessful

C. stably

4. They sacked the head of marketing because he was extremely inefficient.

7. Members tried their hands at the techniques to gain hands-on experience. A. relevant

B. temporarily

3. Sheila had butterflies in her stomach before the interview.

A. professional

D. with the intention

B. experienced

C. incompetent

D. skilled

10. This scholarship is being established in her name as a permanent reminder of her work. A. long-run

B. ever-lasting

C. stable

D. temporary

VII. Choose the best one (A, B, C or D) to complete the sentence or replace the underlined

13. She has two degrees but she has only found a part-time, temporary job. A. permanent

B. long-run

C. stable

D. short-term

VI. Indicate the word(s) OPPOSITE in meaning to the underlined word(s) in each of the following questions. 1. My partner was made redundant last November and hasn't secured further employment as yet. A. fired

B. sacked

C. laid off

D. appointed

word. 1. The mother told her son ____ so impolitely. A. not behaving

B. not to behave

C. did not behave

D. not behave

B. did

C. will

D. had

B. study

C. am studying

D. studied

2. She said she ____ collect it for me after work. A. would 3. He asked me where I ____. A. have studied

4. Almost half of the ____ are perfectly suitable for the vacancy. A. employees

B. competitors

C. candidates

15. He asked ____ him some money. D. applications

5. Networking tools like LinkedIn, Facebook, and Glassdoor enable people to easily ____ the market for new job opportunities. A. test

B. monitor

C. find

D. consider

6. The man wanted to avoid ____ on security cameras. A. to see

B. being seen

C. seeing

B. ago

C. before

B. what that word means

C. what did this word mean

D. what that word meant

9. There has been an increase in job ____, which is when two people agree to divide a full-time job into part-time jobs. C. cutting

D. sharing

10. You should ____ your resume and covering letter so they are as close a match as possible to the job.

A. had I gone

B. change

C. direct

D. tailor

C. if she likes

D. whether she like

11. The host asked her ____ tea or coffee. A. whether she liked B. that she liked

B. plays

C. is playing

B. to stop

D. was I going

B. whether I had had a good time the year before

D. whether I have had a good time the year before

A. he lives

B. did he live

C. does he live

D. he live

19. ____ receive an average of 60 applicants for every advertisement for a low- skilled job, and 20 for every skilled job. A. Employment

B. Employees

C. Employers

D. The employed

20. Most job interviews today ____ more than just a casual conversation with the hiring manager to see if someone is qualified for the job. B. include

C. contain

D. involve

C. READING

C. stop

14. Mary asked me ____. A. whether I would watch the football match on TV the day before.

qualifications

employment

sense

relevant

reference

detail

convincing

potential

evidence

include

D. has played

PRESENTING YOUR QUALIFICATIONS

D. stopped

Take a close look at the ideal candidate required from the job advertisement. Ask yourself this question, "What (1) ___ qualifications ___ is this (2) _____ potential ___ employer

13. The teacher told his students ____ laughing. A. would stop

C. I had gone

I. Fill in the blank with a suitable word in the box.

12. My friend asked me who ____ the piano in the sitting room. A. was playing

B. did I go

17. Tom asked me ____.

A. indicate A. alter

D. she lends

18. Do you know where ____?

A. what does this word mean

B. separating

C. she has lent

C. if would I have a good time the year before D. later

8. John asked me ____ in English.

A. dividing

B. her lending

A. if was I having a good time last year D. to be seen

7. Peter said that he had lived in London four years ____. A. then

A. her to lend

16. Jennifer asked me where ____ the week before.

looking for?" There are some qualifications, like a university degree, for example, that are regarded as

B. whether I watched the football match on TV the day before.

relevant information in most circumstances. Then there are other qualifications, such as a firstaid course, may be seen as useful and even (3) ____ relevant ____ for some jobs, but would look

C. If I had watch the football match on TV the day before.

odd being listed for others as it is not relevant to the position.

D. whether I had watched the football match on TV the day before.

Your number of years you have been working will also help you decide what to (4) ___ include ___ and what to leave out. Individuals who are still in their first five years of work

1. A. near

B. ready

C. secretive

D. similar

2. A. present

B. pastime

C. employment

D. occupation

3. A. explore

B. explored

C. exploring

D. explores

employment experience, you should be a bit more selective about what you use. The reason is because some qualifications become outdated quickly. For example, would it make

4. A. consider

B. contain

C. exclude

D. prevent

5. A fact

B. information

C. detail

D. piece

(7) ___ sense ____ to claim to be a computer expert on the basis of a computing degree obtained 15 years ago? You will not look very (8) ___ convincing ____. In this instance, the (9) ___

6. A. that

B. how

C. why

D. when

7. A. ability

B. practice

C. contacts

D. judgement

8. A. writing

B. shadowing

C. believing

D. persuading

9. A. notice about

B. access to

C. count for

D. way to

II. Choose the word or phrase among A, B, C or D that best fits the blank spare in the

10. A. reference

B. assignments

C. evidence

D. stock

following passage.

III. Read the following passage and choose among A, B, C or D the correct answer to each of the questions.

should note that their educational background is very important and should be listed in reasonable (5) ____ detail ___. For this with more than five years of (6) ___ employment __

evidence ____ you provide about recent work in the field will count for a lot more Be clear, concise and always use the job ad as (10) ___ reference ___ to make sure your information is relevant.

Most people need some preparation before they are (1) ____ for the workforce, and planning should begin long before it is time to start a career. Many high school students don't yet know what they want to do. High school is a great time to start thinking about careers. Setting on just one (2) ____ in high school isn't necessary, but they should know how to explore careers and put time into investigating them and learning about their skills and interests. Understanding what you enjoy and what you are good at is the first step in (3) ____

1. Not so long ago almost any student who successfully completed a university degree or diploma course could find a good career quite easily. Companies toured the academic institutions, competing with each other to recruit graduates. However, those days are gone, even in Hong Kong, and nowadays graduates often face strong competition in the search for jobs. 2. Most careers organizations highlight three stages for graduates to follow in the process of securing a suitable career: recognizing abilities, matching these to available vacancies and presenting them well to prospective employers.

careers. It is important to think about what you like to do because work will eventually be a big part of the life. Once you have thought about the subjects and activities you like best, the next

3. Job seekers have to make a careful assessment of their own abilities. One area of assessment

step is to look for careers that put those interests to use. If you love sports, for example, you might (4) ____ a career as a gym teacher, or a coach.

should be of their academic qualifications, which would include special skills within their subject area. Graduates should also consider their own personal values and attitudes, or the relative

Another approach to identifying potential career interests is to consider local employers and the types of jobs they have. There are many jobs in manufacturing and healthcare near the high school. Talking directly to workers can help you get (5) ____ about what they do. If you don't know workers in occupations (6) ____ interest you, ask people such as parents, friends, or teachers for their (7) ____. If job (8) ____ gives you a taste of what an occupation is like, imagine how helpful getting experience could be. Students can begin getting career-related experiences in high school through internships, employment, and other activities. Completing an internship is an excellent (9) ____ get experience. Internships are temporary, supervised (10) ____ designed to give students practical job training.

importance to themselves of such matters as money, security, leadership and caring for others. An honest assessment of personal interests and abilities such as creative or scientific skills, or skills acquired from work experience, should also be given careful thought. 4. The second stage is to study the opportunities available for employment and to think about how the general employment situation is likely to develop in the future. To do this, graduates can study job vacancies and information in newspapers or they can visit a careers office, write to possible employers for information or contact friends or relatives who may already be involved in a particular profession. After studying all the various options, they should be in a position to make informed comparisons between various careers.

5. Good personal presentation is essential in the search for a good career. Job application forms and letters should, of course, be filled in carefully and correctly, without grammar or spelling errors. Where additional information is asked for, job seekers should describe their abilities and work experience in more depth, with examples if possible. They should try to balance their own

D. pretending to understand a question is better than giving an unsuitable answer. 6. Which of the following sentences is closest in meaning to the paragraph 7? A. Determined, skilled and able people can easily find a good career.

abilities with the employer's needs, explain why they are interested in a career with the particular company and try to show that they already know something about the company and its

B. Graduates should develop at least one of these areas to find a suitable career.

activities.

D. The secret of a successful interview is that interviewers have to possess

6. When graduates are asked to attend for interview, they should prepare properly by finding out

skills, determination or ability.

all they can about the prospective employer. Dressing suitably and arriving for the interview on time are also obviously important. Interviewees should try to give positive and helpful answers and should not be afraid to ask questions about anything they are unsure about. This is much better than pretending to understand a question and giving an unsuitable answer.

A. Businesses used to visit the universities in Hong Kong to recruit graduates. B. Until recently it was quite easy for graduates to get good jobs in Hong Kong.

D. Graduates sometimes have to take part in competitions to secure a good career.

1. In the paragraph 2, "them" refers to ____. B. three stages

7. According to the passage, which of the following is NOT true?

C. Job seekers should consider as many as possible of the factors involved.

7. There will always be good career opportunities for people with ability, skills and determination, the secret to securing a good job is to be one of them.

A. abilities.

C. People with the right qualities should always be able to find a good career.

8. In paragraph 1, “those days are gone, even in Hong Kong", suggests that ____. C. careers organizations.

D. available

vacancies

A. in the past, finding a good career was easier in Hong Kong than elsewhere. B. it used to be harder to find a good job in Hong Kong than in other countries.

2. According to paragraph 4, graduates should ____.

C. nowadays, everyone in Hong Kong has an equal chance of finding a good career.

A. ask friends or relatives to secure them a good job.

D. even in Hong Kong companies tour the universities trying to recruit graduates.

B. find out as much as possible and inform employers of the comparisons they want.

IV. Read the following passage and choose among A, B, C or D the correct answer to each

C. get information about a number of careers before making comparisons.

of the questions.

D. find a good position and then compare it with other careers.

Telecommuting is some form of computer communication between employees' homes

3. In paragraph 5, "in more depth" could best be replaced by ____. A. more honestly

B. more carefully

C. using more word

D. in greater

detail

communicate over telephone lines, when the work is completed, employees can dial the office computer and transmit the material to their employers. A recent survey in USA Today estimates

4. The word "prospective" in paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to ____. A. future

and offices. For employees whose job involve sitting at a terminal or word processor entering data or typing reports, the location of the computer is of no consequence. If the machine can

B. generous

C. reasonable

D. ambitious

5. In paragraph 6, the writer seems to suggest that ____. A. it is better for interviewees to be honest than to pretend to understand. B. interviewees should ask a question if they can't think of an answer. C. it is not a good idea for interviewees to be completely honest in their answers.

that there are approximately 8.7 million telecommuters. But although the numbers are rising annually, the trend does not appear to be as significant as predicted when Business Week published "The Portable Executive" as its cover story a few years ago. Why hasn't telecommuting become more popular? Clearly, change simply takes time. But in addition, there has been active resistance on the part of many managers. These executives claim that supervising the telecommuters in a large

work force scattered across the country would be too difficult, or at least systems for managing them are not yet developed, thereby complicating the manager's responsibilities. It is also true that employees who are given the option of telecommuting are reluctant to accept the opportunity. Most people feel that they need regular interaction with a group, and many are concerned that they will not have the same consideration for advancement if they are

I. Rewrite the following sentences. 1. He said “They went away yesterday.” He said that they had gone away the previous day. 2. “I have lived here for ten years” said Tom.

not more visible in the office setting. Some people feel that even when a space in their homes is

Tom said that he had lived there for ten years.

set aside as a work area, they never really get away from the office.

3. The manager said to his assistant “I’m going to Paris next week.”

1. With which of the following topics is the passage primarily concerned?

The manager told his assistant that he was going to Paris the following week.

A. An overview of telecommuting

B. The failure of telecommuting

4. My friend said “I haven't done my homework.”

C. The advantages of telecommuting

D. A definition of telecommuting

My friend said that she hadn’t done her homework.

2. How many Americans are involved in telecommuting?

5. "It won't rain this evening." said my mother.

A. More than predicted in Business Week

B. More than 8 million

Mother said that it wouldn’t rain that evening.

C. Fewer than last year Today

D. Fewer than estimated in USA

6. Mr. Clack said, “Why are you so sad, Join?” Mr. Clack asked John why he was so sad.

3. The phase “of no consequence” means ____. A. of no use

B. irrelevant

7. “Is it time to go?” she wondered. C. of no good

D. unimportant

4. The author mentions all of the following as concerns of telecommuting EXCEPT ____. A. the opportunities for advancement

B. the different system of

supervision

8. They said to me “Do you sleep in the afternoon?” They asked me if I slept in the afternoon. 9. "Why didn't you come here last Sunday?" asked Mary.

C. the lack of interaction with a group

D. the work place is in the home

5. The word “them” in the second paragraph relent to ____. A. telecommuter

She wondered if it was time to go.

B. systems

C. executives

Mary asked why I hadn’t come there the previous Sunday. 10. The traveler said "How long does it take to get to Hanoi by plane?"

D. responsibilities

6. The reason why telecommuting has not become popular is that the employees ____.

The traveler asked how long it took to get to Hanoi by plane. II. Rewrite the following sentences so that the second ones have the same meaning as the

A. need regular interaction with their families.

given sentence.

B. are worried about the promotion if they are not seen at the office.

1. "Stay here and wait until I come back." said her mother.

C. feel that a work area in their home is away from the office.

Her mother told her to stay there and wait until she came back.

D. are ignorant of telecommuting.

2. Lan was both a brilliant student and a real beauty in my class.

7. The word “reluctant” in paragrap 3 can best be replaced by ____. A. opposite D. WRITING

B. willing

C. hesitant

Lan was not only a brilliant student but also a real beauty in my class. D. typical

3. You won't find a girl better for you than her anywhere in the world. Nowhere in the world will you find a girl better for you than her.

PART 3: TEST YOURSELF

4. Jenny shouldn't have gone to the gym leaving her small child alone at home like that. It was wrong of Jenny to go to the gym leaving her small child alone at home like that.

I. Find the word which has a different sound in the part underlined.

5. "My sister's always singing out of tune." said Minne to her bestie.

1. A. decision

B. erode

C. checkout

D. exotic

Minne complained to her bestie about her sister singing out of tune.

2. A. task

B. customer

C. specialise

D. barista

6. There isn't a grain of salt left, we can't cook her favourite dish.

3. A. resort

B. season

C. excursion

D. reasonable

We're completely out of salt, so can’t cook her favourite dish.

4. A. applicant

B. relevant

C. apprentice

D. align

7. The tuition fee is the thing I'm worried about most of all.

5. A. relevant

B. recruit

C. academic

D. potential

There isn’t anything that/ which I’m worried about more than tuition fee.

II. Choose a word in each line that has different stress pattern.

8. Thanks to her organizing skills, we could pull off the opening event.

1. A. explore

B. destination

C. magnificence

D. accessible

Hadnot been for herorganizing skills, we couldn’t have pulled off the opening event.

2. A. prioritise

B. energetic

C. communicate

D. responsible

III. Rewrite the following sentences so that the second ones have the same meaning as the given sentence.

3. A. stimulate

B. organize

C. efficient

D. terminal

4. A. excursion

B. delicious

C. stalagmite

D. holiday

1. "Don't forget to buy some bread on the way home, sister." said Lan.

5. A. apprenticeship B. compassionate

C. entrepreneur

D. articulate

Lan reminded her sister to buy some bread on the way home.

6. A. affect

C. challenge

D. promote

2. "Do you fancy going for a walk around Hoan Kiem Lake tonight?" Jenny asked. Jenny suggested going for a walk around Hoan Kiem Lake that night.

III. Choose the best one (A, B, C or D) to complete the sentence or replace the underlined word.

3. Due to the warm and pleasant weather, we could go picnic at the local park.

1. She asked me ____ the seat ____ or not.

B. machine

As the weather was warm and pleasant, we could go picnic at the local park.

A. If / had occupied

B. Whether / was occupied

4. You need to have your little room decorated, it's too boring.

C. If / has been occupied

D. Whether / occupied

Your little room needs decorating, it's too boring.

2. The policeman asked us ____.

5. You must either hand in your test paper right now or get zero for your cheating.

A. had any of us seen the accident happen

If you don’t hand in your test paper right now, get zero for your cheating.

B. If had any of us seen the accident happen

6. When I was young, I would follow my father into the woods to collect straws for the little cows.

C. Whether any of us had seen the accident happen

I used to follow my father into the woods to collect straws for the little cows when I was young.

D. that if any of us had seen the accident happen 3. It is important that applicants put modesty aside and show ____ in their CV.

7. You must give up smoking now before it's too late.

A. self-confidence

You had better give up smoking now before it's too late.

discipline

B. self-control

C. self-determination

D. self-

8. In spite of her handicap, she could draw many beautiful portraits.

4. Increasingly recruiters are looking for graduates who are ready for the global ____ and an

Althoughshe washandicapped, she could draw many beautiful portraits.

international career.

A. workforce

B. workroom

C. workstation

D. workshop

5. I asked him ____, but he said nothing. A. what the matter was

B. what was the matter

C. the matter was what

D. what's the matter was

A. qualifications

B. asked me to wake

A. why C. said me to wake

D. requested

me waking

B. what is the time

C. what time it is

D. it is what time

B. when

C. where

D. what

17. Could you please tell me ____? B. how far is it to the nearest bus

C. how far to the nearest bus stop is it

D. how far it is to the nearest bus

stop

A. why did he not resign

B. why he did not resign

C. why he not resign

D. why didn't he resign

9. Fixed term employment also known as contract work is used for single projects or to replace workers on ____. B. leave

D. feelings

stop

8. We wonder ____ from his office after that scandal.

A. permission

C. reputation

A. It is how far to the nearest bus stop

7. Excuse me. Could you tell me ____? A. what time is it

B. experiences

16. His neighbors sometimes wondered ____ he did for a living.

6. James ____ him up when the bus reached the square. A. told me wake

15. A CV is a concise document which summarizes your past existing professional skills, proficiency and ____.

C. goodbye

D. absence

18. Marigold wondered ____ Kevin and Ruth would be at the party. A. that

B. whether

C. if

D. B & C

19. He asked me ____. A. how long I have studied English

B. how long had I studied English

C. how long I had study English

D. how long I had studied English

10. Employers will often take on students for a ____ but you can also apply for as internship

20. The purpose of a CV is to ____ that you have the necessary skills to do the job for which you

after you graduate.

are applying.

A. leap year

B. gap year

C. light year

D. calendar year

A. that why were his friends laughing

B. why were his friends laughing

C. why his friends were laughing laughing

D. the reason why his friends

B. wondered

C. before

D. last

B. reduce

A. out-of-date

B. up-to-date

C. up-and-down

D. up-and-coming

C. wanted to know

D. asked

C. redundancy

D. decline

B. when

C. if

D. why

C. was he doing

D. she was doing

23. She asked Nam what ____ in that room. A. he is doing

14. Over the past decade, there has been a significant ____ in full time work in Australia from 89% to approximately two-thirds of the workforce. A. increase

D. define

you have got all that information to hand.

A. what

13. She ____ him whether he liked the steak she cooked. A. asks

C. demonstrate

22. The passenger asked ____ we landed.

12. Mr. Hawk told me that he would give me his answer the ____ day. B. following

B. express

21. If your CV is always ____ then you can quite easily fill in those online applications because

11. Jeff wanted to know ____.

A. previous

A. determine

B. he was doing

24. "I didn't take your calculator", Bob said to Mary. A. Bob told Mary he hadn't taken her calculator. B. Bob told Mary I didn't take your calculator. C. Bob told Mary he haven't taken her calculator.

D. Bob told Mary he had taken her calculator.

3. Whether communicating ____with____ fellow educators, administrators, students or parents, teachers need exceptional communication skills.

25. "I didn't break your watch". A. The boy told the girl he hadn't broken her watch.

4. Kindness and compassion are the major essence _____of__ the character of an effective nurse.

B. The boy told the girl he didn't break her watch.

5. Can you sort it _____into______ a shortlist of between seven and ten? 6. A gap year provides an opportunity _____to_______ develop a variety of skills, which could

C. The boy asked the girl he hadn't broken her watch.

impress potential employers.

D. The boy told the girl he hadn't broken your watch. IV. Complete each of the following sentences with a suitable word from the box. important

procedures

airlines

training

career

applicants

cluttered

recruiter

expectations

attitudes

1. Today, more jobs call for a degree or ____ training ___ past high school. 2. Now, workers create their own ____ career _____ paths with one or many employers. 3. Firstly, this is ____ important ____ to get along well with your crew, because you will be spending a lot of time with those people. 4. Their duties include advising passengers on proper emergency ___ procedures ____,

7. If sending a CV as a hard copy, ___along_____ with a job application, then it needs to be neat and typed if possible. 8. You should tailor a CV to a specific job because it is vital ____to_____ ensure the script is relevant to each job application, rather than sending the same CV. 9. Probation involves an initial period of employment, usually one to six months, where employers assess whether an employee is capable _____of_____ fulfilling the requirements of a job. 10. Galactic Odyssey Tours offers an exciting opportunity _____for_____ a guide on our new space holidays.

and conveying the information in a clear manner.

VI. Give the correct form of the words to complete the following sentences.

5. Some _____ airlines _____ offer to work for a month and then you have some time off.

1. A resume is the doorway to an interview, so you have to present your skills and ____qualifications_____

6. Flight attendants need to be attentive, not just to satisfy passenger ___ expectations ____, but to notice when something is not quite right, either with a passenger or a piece of equipment.

in a clear and concise manner. QUALIFIED 2. A good teacher always seems to be the one who is ____willing_____ to share what he has

7. On the same flight attendants may encounter passengers of all educational levels, cultures and __ attitudes __.

learned with colleagues. WILL

8. Some employers require job _____ applicants ____ to provide references with their job

3. Being well-organized is a great way to ___demonstrate____ to your coworkers and manager

application rather than later on in the hiring process.

that you are reliable, competent and able to get the job done. DEMONSTRATION

9. You must leave plenty of white space on your CV, so it will not appear _____ cluttered

4. He seemed the most ____approachable____ of everyone he'd met. APPROACH

______.

5. Generally, my ____priorities____ in life are first my family, and second my work.

10. A good CV can persuade the ____ recruiter ____ to put you through to the next round.

PRIORITY

V. Fill in the blank with a suitable preposition.

6. ____irrelevance_____ are fixed term employments, usually three to five years, for the

1. You should prioritize the sentences _____about_____ your qualifications and incorporate the hardest hitting statements into your covering letter. 2. Include the most relevant skills ______in______ your resume and your application form.

purpose of employment training. RELEVANT 7. The supervisor is quite approachable, so don't __hesitate___ to bring up any problems you have. HESITATE

8. You have a lot of different things to do in this job, so it is important to prioritize your tasks to make sure the most ____important_____ things are done first. IMPORTANCE

Most companies only have a vague idea of what they want in an (1) ____ employee ___. In addition, on paper it's extremely difficult to decipher one job applicant's abilities from another.

9. There was only one other customer and several baristas talking ___loudly____ behind the counter. LOUD

It is because of these two points that companies usually compile a list of job (2) ___

10. A __dealership____ is a company that has permission to sell a particular product. DEALER VII. Choose the letter A, B, C, or D to show the underlined part that needs correction. 1. Mrs. Emmanuelletold to Alice to give her a hand. A

related to experience, are extremely (5) ____ flexible ____. Requirements listed in an employment ad are usually just a rough sketch of the ideal hard skills specific to a job (6) ____ description ____. Soft skills, on the other hand, are usually loosely mentioned in employment

ads. Yet when it comes to a formal interview, soft skills have the greatest impact on an

3. Mary ordered John if he could carry her suitcase, please. A

employer's (7) _____ perception ____ of a potential employee.

(8) ____ Managers ____ will hire people they like before they hire the most qualified or

4. Johnson Nancy Lee asked me if would I liketo have dinner with her. A

experienced applicant. That's the bottom line. Never let the supposed job qualifications or (9) ___ experience ____

requirements stand in your way of applying. If you know you can handle the job, you are

5. Hoa asked Lan whetherdid she like sports or not. A

probably the employee the employer wants. All you have to do is to make aware of your (10)

____ potential ___.

6. Ba told to Tuan if he could ridehis bicycle to school. A

IX. Choose the word or phrase among A, B, C or D that best fits the blank space in the

following passage.

7. Phong asked Peter whether he enjoysreading books or not. A

No matter who we are or where we are from, we only have 24 hours each day to get

8. Mary promised her boy friend that she would expectto see him next Wednesday. A

9. A tourist asked how farwas it from Ho Chi Minh City to Hue. A

things done. Some people seem to make the most (1) ____ their time, using it to achieve their goals and dreams. Others feel that life is passing them by and they aren't (2) ____ anything. If you are in the latter group, it is not too late to turn things around. By implementing a few simple hacks, you can start getting better results very quickly. If you want to become more productive, it pays to learn about the Pareto (3) ____ (which is also known as the 80-20 rule). It states that for most tasks, 80 percent of the results we get

come from 20 percent of the work we do. For example, 80 percent of the company sales usually come from 20 percent of customers. Therefore, the trick is to focus your (4) ____ on the key 20

10. He asked Lan how manypeoplethere are in her family. A

However, most of the time all this method does is to scare young, capable talent away. One essential point you must be aware of is that most job requirements, especially those

2. John said the taxi driver to turn left at the firsttraffic lights. A

qualifications ___ and experience requirements that actually overshoot the position's (3) ____ functional ___ needs. The employer's goal is to simply weed out the inexperienced people before they apply, leaving more time to interview the top (4) ____ candidates _____.

VIII. Choose the word in the box that best fits the blank space in the following passage. functional

candidates

flexible

employee

qualifications

Managers

experience

potential

description

perception

percent of actions that truly matter to greatly improve your results. In some cases, people may be busy from morning to night but still seem to get nothing done. In this (5) ____, the problem might be that clear goals haven't been set. To fix this, set some time aside to list the things you want to achieve in life. Then, select the top three or four

that you want to focus on for the next year. Look at your goals every night before bedtime and ask yourself what are the next (6) ____ to accomplish each day. Then, promise yourself that you

There are 2 kinds of interpreters, simultaneous and consecutive. The former sitting in a separated booth, usually at a large multilingual conference, speaks to listeners wearing

will finish these tasks no matter how busy you get. If possible try completing the tasks first thing

headphones, interpreting what a foreign language speaker says actually a sentence behind.

in the morning so you are (7) ____ of success.

Consecutive interpreters are the ones most international negotiations use. They are employed for

If we try to work around the clock, we will eventually get tired and quit. Everyone needs time to

smaller meetings without sound booths and headphones. Consecutive interpretation also requires two-person teams. A foreign speaker says his piece while the interpreter, using a special

sleep, eat, (9) ____

shorthand takes notes and during a pause, tells the client what was said.

with friends, and unwind from the stress of the day. To make sure you don't burn out, be sure to

1. What is the purpose of the passage?

Another common mistake regarding productivity is not considering our (8) ____ levels.

schedule some time for breaks and fun activities into your (10) ____ every day. Finally, no matter how difficult your goals may seem, remember the old saying that "a journey of a thousand miles begins with a single step".

A. To differentiate between simultaneous and consecutive interpreters. B. To state the qualifications of an interpreter. C. To point out the importance of an interpreter.

1. A. off

B. on

C. of

D. over

2. A. extinguished

B. accomplishing

C. distinct

D. invalid

3. A. principle

B. death

C. debt

D. despair

4. A. efforts

B. rubbish

C. essence

D. mixture

5. A. container

B. origin

C. house

D. situation

6. A. result

B. impression

C. actions

D. motivation

7. A. assured

B. found

C. funded

D. fixed

8. A. defence

B. energy

C. preservation

D. rescue

9. A. continue

B. endure

C. prolong

D. socialize

A. very complex and demanding

B. based on principles of business

10. A. occurs

B. pollutes

C. schedule

D. suffers

C. simpler than it really is

D. highly valued and admired

X. Read the following passage and choose among A, B, C or D the correct answer to each of the questions. Simply being bilingual doesn't qualify someone to interpret. Interpreting is not only a mechanical process of converting one sentence in language A into the same sentence in language B. Rather, its a complex art in which thoughts and idioms that have no obvious counterparts from tongue to tongue _ or words that have several meanings must be quickly transformed in such a way that the message is clearly and accurately expressed to the listener. At one international conference, an American speaker said, "You can't make a silk purse out of a sows ear", which meant nothing to the Spanish audience. The interpretation was, "A monkey in a silk dress is still a monkey" an idiom the Spanish understood and that expressed the same idea.

D. To explain the scope of interpreting. 2. What is a difference mentioned between a simultaneous interpreter and a consecutive interpreter? A. The size of group with whom they work.

B. Their proficiency in the language.

C. The type of dictionary they use.

D. The money they are paid.

3. The word "converting" is closest in meaning to ____. A. changing

B. concluding

C. understanding

D. reading

4. The author implies that most people have the opinion that the skill of interpreting is ____.

5. The phrase "the former" refers to ____. A. simultaneous interpreters

B. the conference

C. consecutive interpreters

D. the booth

6. The example "You can't make a silk purse out of a sows ear" is used to ____. A. point out the difference in attributes of animals in English and Spanish B. emphasize the need for translation of the meaning of what is said C. show the differences in language A. and language B D. stress the importance of word for word translation 7. The word "rather" is closest in meaning to ____.

A. In brief

B. on the contrary

C. in general

D. as a result

8. Which of the following would a consecutive interpreter be used for? A. An interpretation of a major literary work. B. A business transaction between 2 foreign speakers.

contracting of freelance workers online has become common business practice. The Internet provides an infinite pool of buyers from around the world with whom freelancers can contract their services. An added benefit to such their own country. online jobs is that freelancers are able to work on projects with companies outside How much can a person make in these kinds of careers? As with many questions related

C. A large meeting of many nations.

to today's evolving technology, there is no simple answer. There are many companies willing to

D. A translation of a foreign book.

pay people with Internet skills salaries well over $70,000 a year. Generally, webmasters start at about $30,000 per year, but salaries can vary greatly. Freelance writers working online have

XI. Read the following passage and choose among A, B, C or D the correct answer to each

been known to make between $40,000 to $70,000 a year. 1. 1. Which of the followings is true

of the questions. INTERNET JOBS Contrary to popular belief, one does not have to be a trained programmer to work online. Of course, there are plenty of jobs available for people with high-tech computer skills, but the growth of new media has opened up a wide range of Internet career opportunities requiring only a minimal level of technical expertise. Probably one of the most well-known online job opportunities is the job of Webmaster. However, it is hard to define one basic job description for this position. The qualifications and responsibilities depend on what tasks a particular organization needs a Webmaster to perform. To specify the job description of a Webmaster, one needs to identify the hardware and software the website the Webmaster will manage is running on. Different types of hardware and software require different skill sets to manage them. Another key factor is whether the website will be running internally or externally (renting shared space on the company servers). Finally, the responsibilities of a webmaster also depend on whether he or she will be working independently, or whether the firm will provide people to help. All of these factors need to be considered before one can create an accurate webmaster job description. Webmaster is one type of Internet career requiring in-depth knowledge of the latest computer applications. However, there are also online jobs available for which traditional skills remain in high demand. Content jobs require excellent writing skills and a good sense of the web as a "new media'. The term "new media" is difficult to define because it compasses a constantly growing set of new technologies and skills. Specifically, it includes websites, email internet technology, CDROM, DVD, streaming audio and video, interactive multimedia presentations, e-books, digital music, computer illustration, video games, virtual reality, and computer artistry. Additionally, many of today's Internet careers are becoming paid-by-the-job professions. With many companies having to downsize in tough economic items, the outsourcing and

about the job of the freelance writers? A. They may work with others in the company. B. It is considered a "content" job. C. They manage hardware and software. D. They require in-depth knowledge of applications 2. The word "vary" in paragraph 6 can be best replaced by ____. A. decrease

B. change

C. differ

D. increase

3. It can be inferred from the passage that ____. A. only skilled workers make good money. B. online workers can work full-time online. C. it is easy to become a webmaster. D. workers with limited computer skills cannot work online. 4. According to the passage, which of the following is TRUE of webmasters? A. They never work independently. B. The duties they perform depend on the organization they work for. C. They require a minimal level of expertise. D. They do not support software products. 5. What is the purpose of the passage? A. To inform people about the tasks and the roles of a webmaster. B. To inform people about employment related to the Internet. C. To inform people about the computer industry.

D. To explain why webmasters make a lot of money.

B. He asked me to speak more slowly and he couldn't understand.

6. According to the passage, all of the followings are TRUE except ____.

C. He asked me to speak more slowly but he couldn't understand.

A Webmasters must have knowledge of the latest computer applications.

D. He asked me to speak more slowly. He can't understand.

B. Online workers cannot free themselves from the office.

5. "Don't come before 6 o'clock", I said to him.

C. "New media" is not easy to define. D. There are online jobs available for workers with minimal computer skills. 7. Which of the followings is not mentioned as part of the "new media"? A. Internet technology

B. writing skills

C. websites

D. video

B. I told him to come not before 6

C. I told to him not to come before 6 o'clock.

D. I told him not to come before 6

o'clock. 6. "I can see you later", he said.

games 8. The word "identify" in paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to ____. A. name

A. I told him don't come before 6 o'clock. o'clock.

B. discover

C. encounter

D. estimate

XII. Choose the best answer. 1. "Eat more fruit and vegetables", the doctor said.

A. He said he could see me later.

B. He said I can see you later.

C. He said I can see you later .

D. He said he can see me later.

7. "I shall tell him exactly what I think", she said. A. She said she should tell him exactly what she thought.

A. The doctor said eat more fruit and vegetables.

B. She said she would tell him exactly what she thought.

B. The doctor said to eat more fruit and vegetables.

C. She said she shall tell him exactly what she thinks.

C. The doctor said me to eat more fruit and vegetables.

D. She said I would tell him exactly what I thought.

D. The doctor told me eat more fruit and vegetables. 2. "Read the instructions before you switch on the machine", he said to me. A. He told me to read the instructions before I switched on the machine. B. He told me read the instructions before I switched on the machine. C. He told to read the instructions before I switched on the machine. D. He said to read the instructions before you switched on the machine. 3. "Shut the door but don't lock it", she said to us. A. She told us to shut the door but don't lock it. B. She told us to shut the door but not to lock it. C. She told us shut the door but don't lock it. D. She told us shut the door but not to lock it. 4. "Can you speak more slowly? I can't understand", he said to me. A. He asked me to speak more slowly because he couldn't understand.

8. "Are you willing to travel?" she asked. A. She asked me am I willing to travel.

B. She asked me if I am willing to

travel. C. She asked me was I willing to travel.

D. She asked me if I was willing to

travel. 9. "You should see a specialist", he told me. A. He told me I should see a specialist.

B. He told me you should see a

specialist. C. He told me I should have seen a specialist. specialist.

D. He told me to should see a

10. "I would like a appointment tomorrow", I said to my dentist. A. I told my dentist that I would like an appointment the next day. B. I told my dentist that I would like a appointment tomorrow. C. I told my dentist that I would have liked an appointment the next day.

D. I told my dentist that I would have liked an appointment tomorrow. 11. "You ought to slow down a bit", the doctor told Jim. A. The doctor told Jim ought to slow down a bit. B. The doctor told Jim that ought to slow down a bit.

B. He said that if you had passed your test, he would have bought you a car. C. He said that if I had passed my test, he would have bought me a car. D. He said that if you passed your test, he would buy you a car. 17. "If you'd passed your test, I'd have ought you a car", he said.

C. The doctor told Jim that he ought to slow down a bit.

A. He said that I'd passed my test, he'd have bought me a car.

D. The doctor told Jim that he slowed down a bit.

B. He said that if I passed my test, he would buy me a car.

12. "I must have slept through the alarm", she said. A. She said she must have slept through the alarm. B. She said I must have slept through the alarm.

C. He said that if you had passed your test, he would have bought you a car. D. He said that if you had passed your test, he would buy you a car. 18. "What a silly boy you are!" she exclaimed.

C. She said she left through the alarm

A. She told him what a silly boy you are.

D. She said she had to have slept through the alarm.

is.

13. "I must have slept through the alarm", she said. A. She said she must have slept through the alarm. B. She said I must have slept through the alarm. C. She said she slept through the alarm. D. She said she had to have slept through the alarm. 14. "You needn't come in tomorrow", the boss said. A. The boss said I needn't come in tomorrow. B. The boss said you needn't come in the next day. C. The boss said I didn't have to come in tomorrow. D. The boss said I needn't come in the next day. 15. "If you pass your test, I'll buy you a car", he said. A. He said that If I pass my test, he'll buy me a car.

C. She told him what a silly boy he was.

B. She told him what a silly boy he D. She told him what a silly boy you

were. 19. The police officer said to us, "Where are you going?" A. The police officer asked us where we were going? B. The police officer asked us where were we going? C. The police officer asked us where are we going? D. The police officer asked us where we are going? 20. Clair asked, "What time do the banks close?" A. Claire wanted to know what time the banks close? B. Claire wanted to know what time do the banks close? C. Claire wanted to know what time did the banks close? D. Claire wanted to know what time the banks closed?

B. He said that If you pass your test, he would buy you a car. C. He said that If I pass my test, he would buy me a car. D. He said that If I had pass my test, he would have bought me a car. 16. "If you passed you test, I would buy you a car", he said. A. He said that if I passed my test, he would buy you a car.

Unit 9. CHOOSING A CAREER - KEY PART 1: VOCABULARY AND GRAMMAR REVIEW A. VOCABULARY

• advice /ədˈvaɪs/ (n): lời khuyên

• Ask sb in/out: cho ai vào/ra

• ambition /æmˈbɪʃn/ (n): hoài bão, khát vọng, tham vọng

• Advance in: tấn tới

• be in touch with: liên lạc với • career (n): nghề, nghề nghiệp, sự nghiệp

• Advance on: trình bày

• career adviser: người cố vấn nghề nghiệp

• Advance to: tiến đến

• come up with /tʌtʃ/: tìm thấy/ nảy ra ( ý tưởng/ giải pháp)

• Agree on something: đồng ý với điều gì

• cut down on: cắt giảm ( biên chế, số lượng)

• Agree with: đồng ý với ai, hợp với, tốt cho

• dishwasher /ˈdɪʃwɒʃə(r)/ (n): người rửa bát đĩa, máy rửa bát đĩa • downside /ˈdaʊnsaɪd/ (n): mặt trái/ bất lợi

• Answer to: hợp với

• drop in on: ghé thăm

• Answer for: chịu trách nhiệm về

• drop out of: bỏ ( học, nghề,...)

• Attend on (upon): hầu hạ

• fascinating /ˈfæsɪneɪtɪŋ/ (a): có sức hấp dẫn hoặc quyến rũ lớn

• Attend to: chú ý

• get on with: sống hòa thuận với

• get to grips with: bắt đầu giải quyết ( một vấn đề khó) • keep up with: theo kịp, đuổi kịp

• To be over: qua rồi

• look forward to /ˈfɔːwəd/: chờ đợi, trông đợi

• To be up to sb to V: ai đó có trách nhiệm phải làm gì

• mature /məˈtʃʊə(r)/ (a): trưởng thành

• To bear up = to confirm: xác nhận

• paperwork /ˈpeɪpəwɜːk/ (n): công việc giấy tờ, văn phòng • pursue /pəˈsjuː/ (v): theo đuổi, tiếp tục

• To bear out: chịu đựng

• put up with: chịu đựng

• To blow out: thổi tắt

• rewarding /rɪˈwɔːdɪŋ/ (a): bõ công, đáng công, thỏa đáng

• Blow down: thổi đổ

• run out of : hết, cạn kiệt ( tiền, năng lượng,...)

• Blow over: thổi qua

• secure /sɪˈkjʊə(r)/ (v): giành được, đạt được • shadow /ˈʃædəʊ/ (v): đi theo quan sát ai, thực hành để học việc

• To break away = to run away: chạy trên

• tedious/ˈtiːdiəs/ (a): tẻ nhạt, làm mệt mỏi

• Break down: hỏng hóc, suy nhược

• think back on: nhớ lại

• Break in (to + O): đột nhập, cắt ngang

• workforce /ˈwɜːkfɔːs/ (n): lực lượng lao động

• Break up: chia tay, giải tán

B. GRAMMAR REVIEW

• Break off: tan vỡ một mối quan hệ

1. Phrasal Verbs A • Account for: chiếm, giải thích • Allow for: tính đến, xem xét đến • Ask after: hỏi thăm sức khỏe • Ask for: hỏi xin ai cái gì

• To bring about: mang đến, mang lại (= result in) • Bring down = to land: hạ xuống • Bring out: xuất bản • Bring up: nuôi dưỡng (danh từ là up bringing) • Bring off: thành công, ẵm giải

• To burn away: tắt dần

• Cut back on/cut down on: cắt giảm (chỉ tiêu)

• Burn out: cháy trụi

• Cut in: cắt ngang (= interrupt)

• Back up: ủng hộ, nâng đỡ

• Cut st out of st: cắt cái gì rời khỏi cái gì

• Bear on: có ảnh hưởng, liên lạc tới

• Cut off: cô lập, cách li, ngừng phục vụ

• Become of: xảy ra cho

• Cut up: chia nhỏ

• Begin with: bắt đầu bằng

• Catch on: trở nên phổ biến, nắm bắt kịp

• Begin at: khởi sự từ

• Catch up with = keep up with = keep pace with: theo kịp ai, cái gì

• Believe in: tin cẩn, tin có

• Check in/out: làm thủ tục ra/vào

• Belong to: thuộc về

• Check up: kiểm tra sức khoẻ

• Bet on: đánh cuộc vào

• Clean out: dọn sạch, lấy đi hết C

• Clean up: dọn gọn gàng

• Call for: mời gọi, yêu cầu

• Clear away: lấy đi, mang đi

• Call up: gọi đi lính, gọi điện thoại, nhắc lại kỉ niệm

• Clear up: làm sáng tỏ

• Call on/call in at sb's house: ghé thăm nhà ai

• Close down: phá sản, đóng cửa nhà máy

• Call off = put off = cancel: hủy bỏ

• Close with: tới gần

• Call in/on at sb's house: ghé thăm nhà ai

• Close about: vây lấy

• Call at: ghé thăm

• Close in: tiến tới

• Care about: quan tâm, để ý tới

• Close up: xích lại gần nhau

• Care for: muốn, thích (= would like), quan tâm chăm sóc (= take care of)

• Come to: lên tới

• Carry away: mang đi, phân phát

• Come over/ round = visit

• Carry on = go on: tiếp tục

• Come round: hồi tỉnh

• Carry out: tiến hành, thực hiện

• Come down: sụp đổ (= collapse), giảm (= reduce)

• Carry off = bring off: ẵm giải

• Come down to: là do

• Cry for: khóc vì

• Come up: đề cập đến, nhô lên, nhú lên

• Cry for something: kêu đói

• Come up with: nảy ra, loé lên

• Cry with joy: khóc vì vui

• Come up against: đương đầu, đối mặt

• Cut something into: cắt vật gì thành

• Come out: xuất bản

• Cut into: nói vào, xen vào

• Come out with: tung ra sản phẩm

• Come about = happen

• End up: kết thúc

• Come across: tình cờ gặp

• Eat up: ăn hết

• Come apart: vỡ vụn

• Eat out: ăn ngoài

• Come along/on with: hoà hợp, tiến triển

• Face up to: đương đầu, đối mặt

• Come into: thừa kế

• Fall back on: trông cậy, dựa vào

• Come off: thành công, long ra, bong ra

• Fall in with: mê cái gì (fall in love with sb: yêu ai đó say đắm)

• Count on sb for st: trông cậy vào ai

• Fall behind: chậm hơn so với dự định, rớt lại phía sau

• Cross out: gạch đi, xoá đi

• Fall through = put off, cancel

• Consign to: giao phó cho

• Fall off: giảm dần

• Chew over = think over: nghĩ kĩ

• Fall down: thất bại

• Chance upon: tình cờ gặp

• Fill in: điền vào D

• Fill up with: đổ đầy • Fill out: điền hết, điền sạch

• Delight in: thích thú về • Depart from: bỏ, sửa đổi

• Fill in for: đại diện, thay thế

• Do with: chịu đựng

• Find out: tìm ra G

• Do for a thing: kiểm ra một vật • Die away/die down: giảm đi, dịu đi (về cường độ)

• Get through to sb: liên lạc với ai

• Die out/die off: tuyệt chủng

• Get through: hoàn tất ( accomplish), vượt qua ( get over)

• Die for: thèm gì đến chết

• Get into: đi vào, lên (xe)

• Die of: chết vì

• Get in: đến, trúng cử

• Do away with: bãi bỏ, bãi miễn

• Get off: cởi bỏ, xuống xe, khởi hành

• Do up = decorate

• Get out of = avoid

• Draw back: rút lui

• Get down: đi xuống, ghi lại

• Drive at: ngụ ý, ám chỉ

• Get sb down: làm ai thất vọng

• Drop in at st's house: ghé thăm nhà ai

• Get down to doing: bắt đầu nghiêm túc làm việc gì

• Drop off: buồn ngủ

• Get to doing: bắt tay vào làm việc gì

• Drop out of school: bỏ học

• Get round... (To doing): xoay xở, hoàn tất E

• Get along/on with = come along/on with

• Get at = drive at

• Go up: tăng, đi lên, vào đại học

• Get back: trở lại

• Go into: lâm vào

• Get up: ngủ dậy

• Go away: cút đi, đi khỏi

• Get ahead: vượt trước ai

• Go round: đủ chia

• Get away with: cuỗm theo cái gì

• Go on: tiếp tục

• Get over: vượt qua

• Grow out of: lớn vượt khỏi

• Get on one's nerves: làm ai phát điên, chọc tức ai

• Grow up: trưởng thành H

• Give away: cho đi, tống đi, tiết lộ bí mật • Give st back: tra lại

• Hand down to = pass on to: truyền lại (cho thế hệ sau)

• Give in: bỏ cuộc

• Hand in: giao nộp (bài, tội phạm)

• Give way to: nhượng bộ, đầu hàng (= give oneself up to), nhường chỗ cho ai

• Hand back: giao lại

• Give up: từ bỏ

• Hand over: trao trả quyền lực

• Give out: phân phát, cạn kiệt

• Hand out: phân phát (= give out)

• Give off: toả ra, phát ra (mùi hương, hương vị)

• Hang round: lảng vảng

• Go out: đi ra ngoài, lỗi thời

• Hang on = hold on = hold off: cầm máy (điện thoại)

• Go out with: hẹn hò

• Hang up (off): cúp máy

• Go through: kiểm tra, thực hiện công việc

• Hang out: treo ra ngoài

• Go through with: kiên trì bền bỉ

• Hold on off = put off

• Go for: cố gắng giành được

• Hold on: cầm máy

• Go in for = take part in

• Hold back: kiềm chế

• Go with: phù hợp

• Hold up: cản trở/ trấn lột J

• Go without: kiêng nhịn • Go off: nổi giận, nổ tung, thối rữa (thức ăn)

• Jump at a chance/ an opportunity: chộp lấy cơ hội

• Go off with = give away with: cuỗm theo

• Jump at a conclusion: vội kết luận

• Go ahead: tiến lên

• Jump at an order vội vàng nhận lời

• Go back on one's word: không giữ lời

• Jump for joy: nhảy lên vì sung sướng

• Go down with: mắc bệnh

• Jump into (out of): nhảy vào (ra)

• Go over: kiểm tra, xem xét kỹ lưỡng

• Keep away from = keep off: tránh xa

• Look in on: ghé thăm

• Keep out of: ngăn cản

• Look up: tra cứu (từ điển, số điện thoại)

• Keep sb back from: ngăn cản ai không làm gì

• Look into: xem xét, nghiên cứu

• Keep sb from = stop sb from

• Look on, đứng nhìn thờ ơ

• Keep sb together: gắn bó

• Look out: coi chừng

• Keep up: giữ lại, duy trì

• Look out for: cảnh giác với

• Keep up with: theo kịp ai

• Look over: kiểm tra

• Keep on = keep ving: cứ tiếp tục làm gì

• Look up to: tôn trọng

• Knock down = pull down: kéo đổ, sụp đổ, san bằng

• Look down on: coi thường M

• Knock out: ha gục ai L

• Make up: trang điểm, bịa chuyện

• Lay down: ban hành, hạ vũ khí

• Make out: phân biệt

• Lay out: sắp xếp, lập dàn ý

• Make up for: đền bù, hoà giải với ai

• Leave sb off = to dismiss sb: cho thi nghỉ việc

• Make the way to: tìm đường tới

• Leave out = get rid of

• Mix out: trộn lẫn, lộn xộn

• Let sb down: làm ai thất vọng

• Miss out: bỏ lỡ

• Let sb in/out: cho ai vào ra, phóng thích ai

• Move away: bỏ đi, ra đi

• Let sb off: tha bổng cho ai

• Move out: chuyến đi

• Lie down: nằm nghỉ

• Move in: chuyển đến O

• Live up to: sống xứng đáng với • Live on: sống dựa vào

• Order sb about st: sai ai làm gì

• Lock up: khóa chặt ai

• Owe st to sb: có được gì nhờ ai P

• Look after: chăm sóc • Look at: quan sát

• Pass away = to die

• Look back on: nhớ lại hồi tưởng

• Pass by = go past: đi ngang qua, trôi qua

• Look round: quay lại nhìn

• Pass on to = hand down to: truyền lại

• Look for: tìm kiếm

• Pass out = to faint: ngất

• Look forward to y-ing: mong đợi, mong chờ

• Pay sb back: trả nợ ai

• Pay up the dept: trả hết nợ nần

• Ring off: tắt máy (điện thoại) S

• Point out: chi ra • Pull back: rút lui

• Save up: để giành

• Pull down = to knock down: kéo đỗ, san bằng

• See about = see to: quan tâm, để ý

• Pull in to: vào (nhà ga)

• See sb off: tạm biệt

• Pull st out: lấy cái gì ra

• See sb though: nhận ra bản chất của ai

• Pull over at: đỗ xe

• See over = go over

• Put st aside: cất đi, để dành

• Send for: yêu cầu, mời gọi

• Put st away: cất đi

• Send to: đưa ai vào (bệnh viện, nhà tù)

• Put through to sb: liên lạc với ai

• Send back: trả lại

• Put down: hạ xuống

• Set out/off: khởi hành, bắt đầu

• Put down to: lí do của

• Set in: bắt đầu (dùng cho thời tiết)

• Put on: mặc vào, tăng cân

• Set up: dựng lên

• Put up: dựng lên, tăng giá

• Set sb back: ngăn cản ai

• Put up with: tha thứ, chịu đựng

• Settle down: an cư lập nghiệp

• Put up for: xin đi ngủ nhờ

• Show off: khoe khoang, khoác lác

• Put out: dập tắt

• Show up: đến tới

• Put st/sb out: đưa ai/cái gì ra ngoài

• Shop round: mua bán loanh quanh

• Put off: trì hoãn

• Shut down: sập tiệm, phá sản R

• Shut up: ngậm miệng lại

• Run after: truy đuổi

• Sit round: ngồi nhàn rỗi

• Run away/off from: chạy trốn

• Sit up for: chờ ai cho tới tận khuya

• Run out (of): cạn kiệt

• Slown down: chậm lại

• Run over: đè chết

• Stand by: ủng hộ ai

• Run back: quay trở lại

• Stand out: nổi bật

• Run down: cắt giảm, ngừng phục vụ

• Stand for: đại diện, viết tắt của, khoan dung

• Run into: tình cờ gặp, đâm xô, lâm vào

• Stand in for. thế chỗ của ai

• Ring after: gọi lại sau

• Stay away from: tránh xa

• Stay behind: ở lại

• Turn up/down: vặn to, nhỏ (âm lượng)

• Stay up: đi ngủ muộn

• Turn up: xuất hiện, đến tới

• Stay on at: ở lại trường để học thêm

• Turn in: đi ngủ T

• Take away from: lấy đi, làm nguội đi

U • Use up: sử dụng hết, cạn kiệt W

• Take after: giống ai như đúc • Take sb/st back to: đem trả lại

• Wait for: đợi

• Take down: lấy xuống

• Wait up for: đợi ai đến tận khuya

• Take in: lừa gạt ai, hiểu

• Watch out/over = look out

• Take on: tuyển thêm, lấy thêm người

• Watch out for = look out for

• Take off: cất cánh, cởi tháo bỏ cái gì

• Wear off: mất tác dụng, biến mất, nhạt dần

• Take over: giành quyền kiểm soát

• Wear sb out = exhaust sb

• Take up: đảm nhận, chiếm giữ (không gian), bắt đầu làm gì (thành thủ tiêu khiển)

• Work off : loại bỏ

• Take to: yêu thích

• Work out: tìm ra cách giải quyết

• Talk sb into st: thuyết phục ai

• Work up: làm khuấy động

• Talk sb out of: cản trở ai

• Wipe out: huỷ diệt

• Throw away: ném đi, vứt hẳn đi

• Write down: viết vào PART 2: PRACTICE

• Throw out: vứt đi, tống cổ ai • Tie down: ràng buộc

A. PHONETICS

• Tie in with: buộc chặt

I. Choose the word which has the underlined part pronounced differently from the others.

• Tie sb out = wear sb out = exhaust sb

1. A. twice

B. flight

C. piece

D. mind

• Tell off: mắng mỏ

2. A. about

B. around

C. sound

D. young

• Try on: thử (quần áo)

3. A. cover

B. oven

C. coffee

D. company

• Try out: thử... (Máy móc)

4. A. plates

B. cakes

C. mates

D. said

• Turn away = turn down: từ chối

5. A. laughed

B. learned

C. changed

D. arrived

• Turn into: chuyển thành

II. Choose the words that has the different stress from the others.

• Turn out: sx, hoá ra là

1. A. geography

B. evacuate

C. emergency

D. temporary

• Turn on/off: mở, tắt

2. A. career

B. response

C. downside

D. mature

3. A. scatter

B. earthquake

C. collapse

D. mudslide

7. It's quite cold. You should put ____your coat___ if you're going out. (on)

4. A. examination

B. exciting

C. experience

D. expert

8. It was only a small fire. I was able to put it ____out____ quite easily. (out)

5. A. university

B. managerial

C. opportunity

D. enthusiastic

9. A: Is this hotel more expensive than when we stayed here last year? B: Yes, they've put ___the price(s)__ .(up)

B. VOCABULARY AND GRAMMAR I. Complete each sentence using a verb from A (in the correct form) + a wordfrom B. You

10. It's a bit dark in this room. Shall I turn ___the light(s) on___? (on)

can use a word more than once.

III. Use the correct word in the box to complete each sentence.

A. fly

get

look

sit

speak

B. away

down

out

round

interviewer professional

multimedia

options

appropriate

careers

attitudes

qualified

experience

1. The bus was full. We couldn't ______get on_____. 2. I've been standing for the last two hours. I'm going to ____sit down____ for a bit.

university 1. Wear clothes that are _____ appropriate ____ for the job you want.

3. A cat tried to catch the bird, but it ____flew away______ just in time.

2. I am keen to develop my _____ professional ____ skills and look forward to discussing

4. We were trapped in the building. We couldn't ______get out_____.

my application with you at an interview.

5. I can't hear you very well. Can you _____speak up_____ a little? 6. "Do you speak German?" - "Not very well, but I can _____get by_____.” 7. The cost of living is higher now. Prices have _____gone up_____ a lot. 8. I thought there was somebody behind me, but when I ____looked round_____, there was nobody there. II. Use your own ideas to complete the sentences. Use a noun (this newspaper,...) or a pronoun (it/ them/...) + the word in brackets (away/ up/...) 1. Don't _________________ throw away _________________ this newspaper. I want to keep it. (away) 2. "Do you want this postcasd?" "No, you can _________________ throw it away _________________." (away) 3. I borrowed these books from the library. I have to take __them back___ tomorrow. (back)

3. Remember that the ___ interviewer ____ probably has a lot of CVs to read, so keep it short and easy to read. 4. I would like to work in _____ multimedia ______ video and audio productions, where I could be close to famous actors or singers. 5. You have to consider the things you actually enjoy doing and then research the career ___ options ____ that exist in that same area. 6. You may have to spend some time working for free in order to gain the ____ experience ____ that lets toy stand out from the crowd. 7. Most secondary school students take to ______ university _____ life like a duck to water. 8. You should do a school ______ careers ____ test that will give you some ideas about what you should do for a job. 9. Workplace ______ attitudes _____ have an effect on every person in the organization, from

4. We can turn __the television off___. Nobody is watching it. (off)

the employees to the company owner.

5. A: How did the vase get broken?

10. The job application letter you send to an employer explains why you are _____ qualified

B: I'm afraid I knocked ___it over___ while I was cleaning. (off) 6. Shh! My mother is asleep. I don't want to wake ____her up____. (up)

_____ for the position and should be selected for an interview. IV. Give the correct form of the word. 1. She enjoys reading, knitting, and other quiet _____pursuits____. PURSUE

2. Business is going so well that they hired seven new _____employees____ in their department last month. EMPLOY

5. I am available for an interview all afternoons, except on Tuesday because I am doing a computer course to improve my typing skills.

3. Job ____security____ is the assurance that an employee has about the continuity of employment for his or her work life. SECURE

A. willing

B. free

6. We want to recruit the brightest and the best. If you think you fit the bill, fill in an application

4. The way is long and we shall have to get over the ____tediousness____ of it. TEDIOUS

form today.

5. There are lots of different factors that go into _____choosing_____ a career path. CHOOSE

A. are able to pay the bill

6. We hope this guide helps you to _____pursue____ a desirable career path after high school.

excellent

7. There are many pathways from school that can lead to a ___rewarding____ career. REWARD 8. High school ___graduates___ may be deciding whether they should enter the workforce or go to college. GRADUATION 9. Get an English-speaking friend to check it for you, or you can find some useful phrases from ____different_____ job websites. DIFFERENCE 10. Look for job ____vacancies____ in the local newspaper and log on to some job websites. VACANCY V. Indicate the word(s) CLOSEST in meaning to the underlined word(s) in each of the following questions.

B. talented

C. honest

D. are

A. expand your range of interests and knowledge

B. open your views

C. widen your eyes

D. be an eye-opener

3. Lucy has just finished her A levels and she has got a place at university, but she would really like a break from the academic world. Therefore, he decides to take a gap year and travel around the word! B. a year out

C. a year away

D. a year's trip

4. Finally, Amy decided to quit her job as she couldn't stand doing the same things days in days out. It's so monotonous! B. low-paid

C. tedious

A. take a bus to work

B. drive to work

C. take a life to work

D. travel a long way to and from

work 8. The atmosphere at work was so bad that Brian eventually decided to hand in his notice. A. notify the boss better job

B. apply for another job

C. give up his job

D. be given a

9. My boss has a reputation for being such a slave-driver! A. working overtime

B. working excessively hard

C. being slave to work

D. making his staff work too hard

benefit society. D. skilled

2. The experience from an adventurous expedition to a rainforest will broaden your horizonsand teach you new skills.

A. easy

C. are of the right size

10. There are excellent prospects for promotion, and you'll know you're doing something to

1. I consider myself to be trustworthy, responsible and enthusiastic.

A. a year off

B. are suitable

D. longing

7. As he lived in a small town outside the city, he had to commute every day.

PURSUIT

A. worthwhile

C. impatient

D. secure

A. opportunities

B. likelihoods

C. futures

D. potentials

VI. Indicate the word(s) OPPOSITE in meaning to the underlined word(s) in each of the following questions. 1. You are expected to ask the prospective candidates a technical question to judge their ability. A. potential

B. possible

C. aspiring

D. former

2. Though many scientific breakthroughs have resulted from mishaps it has taken brilliant thinkers to recognize their potential. A. misunderstandings misfortunes

B. accidents

C. incidentals

3. With many companies having to downsize in tough economic items, the outsourcing and contracting of freelance workers online has become common business practice. A. take on more staff

B. lay off their employees

C. close down their branches

D. notify to break down

4. The Internet provides an infinite pool of buyers from around the world with whom freelancers

4. Whatever your decision, bear in mind that most people change ____ paths up to five times during their lifetime.

can contract their services. A. quite a few

A. occupation B. many a

C. a wide variety of

D. a limited

A. so

A. through B. full-time

C. permanent

D seasonal

B. irresponsible

B. physical work

D. unreliable

A. shadow

C. monotonous work

D. dull work

8. I'd go mad if I had to do a dead-end job like working on a supermarket checkout. A. boring

B. monotonous

B. rigid

C. fascinating

D. demanding

C. intelligent

D. autonomous

B. ability to meet deadlines

C. being late

being in time

A. work out

A. out

A. by D.

D. paid off

C. back

B. come up

C. exercise

D. make out

B. up

C. out

D. over

C. up

B. by

C. on

D. through

B. out

C. over

D. away

B. maturity

C. mature

D. growth

D. out

B. go on with

C. put up with

D. put up to

14. It'll take me three years to ____ up enough money to travel round the country. A. pay

D. towards

3. At the meeting, someone brought ____ the subject pre-school education. B. on

D. search

12. A fruit that is fully-ripe is an example of a fruit that has reached ____.

A. keep up with C. paid in

2. He was convicted of using the firm's money to pay ____ his gambling.

A. in

C. follow

constant demand for money.

1. He ____ all his money, then closed the account.

B. off

B. monitor

13. His teenage daughter is driving him crazy. He can't ____ her moods, her music, and her

VII. Find the one choice that best completes the sentence.

A. in

D. over

11. You shouldn't stay at home so much. Get ____ and make new friends.

A. development

B. took away

C. up from

10. I really like Joe's dad but I don't get ____ with his mother at all.

sure you make a positive impression on them by showing up on time for the interview.

A. took out

B. by

8. If you're required to fill out an application form, you'll still need to ____ the best way to present your skills and experience.

A. into

10. Most, not to say all, off the employers want to look for candidates with punctuality, so make A. good time management

D. as

9. When the princess kissed the frog, it turned ____ a handsome prince.

9. He's just so flexible. He'll adapt to any situation. A. adaptable

C. as if

work.

C. unenthusiastic

7. With so many breakthroughs in robotic science and technology, much manual work will soon be taken over by robots. A. intellectual work

B. like

7. For careers that truly interest you, consider asking each person if you can ____ him or her at

6. John was promoted last month for being such a committed worker. A. dishonest

D. vocation

6. It's taking me longer to get ____ the operation than I thought.

in the summer. A. part-time

C. job

5. I got on so well with my tutor ____ I did with my elder brother.

number of 5. Well, I want to go straight to university, but I'm also thinking of applying for a temporary job

B. career

B. take

C. put

D. save

15. As soon as she came ____ after the operation, she asked for a drink of water. A. across

B. up

C. round

D. under

16. Bary has come ____ some good suggestions for raising the money we need.

A. onto

B. up with

C. round to

D. across with

B. go on

C. keep on

D. come up

18. LinkedIn, a social media, is a great way to ____ your skills and experience. A. highlight

B. attend

C. focus

D. respect

19. I ____ everything in my bag three times but my keys were nowhere to be found. A. went out

B. went over

C. looked for

D. looked at

B. into

C. past

D. over

B. down

C. up

D. out

22. Having that accident has brought ____ a complete change in his attitude to other people. A. in

B. about

C. up

D. out

B. seeped out

C. rolled away

D. shone out

24. Don't take my advice if you don't want to. You can do ____ you like. A. although

B. but

C. like

D. as

25. The president has failed to ____ grips with the two most important social issues of our time. A. take

B. take to

C. get

D. get to

B. take

C. break

B. up

C. in

D. make

D. round

28. I take ____ everything I said about Paul. I realize now that it wasn't true. A. on

B. over

C. in

D. back

29. Although I'd never made a sandwich before, my first attempt turned ____ quite well. A. over

B. up

C. out

30. I always run ____ of money before the end of the month.

develop

aspects

potential

beneficial

direction

responsibilities

expenses relationships outweigh straight into the work (1) _____ force ____ offers many choices and benefits. Getting a job immediately after high school remains a good choice. Teens who go this route need to learn how (2) ___ develop ____ interviewing skills. Many companies pay their employees for continuing education in areas related to their employment. You should ask about this benefit through the human resources departments of (3) Another option is an internship. Over the course of a year, you could potentially participate in two or three internships to explore career choices. But most internships are unpaid, so planning ahead is crucial if you need to save money for living (4) _____ expenses ______. Internships provide participants with the opportunity to learn about many (5) ___ aspects ____ of a particular career. They're also a great way to take contacts and develop mentoring (6) ____ relationships ___. beneficial __. This can be a good time to travel, do community service, or even live in a foreign

27. They are thinking of bringing ____ a law to make cyclists wear helmets. A. on

force

For some teens, taking a year off between high school and the "real world" can be (7) ___

26. It was so foggy that the climbers couldn't ____ out the nearby shelter. A. run

I. Choose the right word to fill in the blank.

___ potential ___ employers.

23. The light from the car ____ as it receded into the distance. A. faded away

D. down

to search for employment, write a resume, and

21. It was the third time in six months that the bank had been held ____. A. over

C. up

If college isn't your option or you need extra time to earn money for tuition, going

20. Can you remember what to do, or do you want me to go ____ it again? A. by

B. back

C. READING

17. You must walk slowly if you want the children to ____ with. А. keep up

A. out

D. into

country before the (8) ____ responsibilities ___ of life make it harder to do so. However, teens should keep in mind that a brochure may look different from reality, such as with work and service camps in developing countries. They should expect difficulties but know that the rewards of community service often (9) ___ outweigh ____ the hardships - and can actually change the (10) __ direction __ of a person's life. Speaking with previous participants should give a more realistic view than promotional material. II. Read the passage and choose the best answer.

It can take a long time to become successful in your chosen field, however talented you are. One thing you have to be (1) ____ of is that you will face criticism along the way. The world

lot from the class text books; but that is hardly (5) ____enough______ to make the teacher's lessons interesting to pupils. A good teacher must therefore read many other (6) ____books____.

is (2) ____ of people who would rather say something negative than positive. If you've made up your (3) ____ to achieve a certain goal, such as writing a novel, (4) ____ the negative criticism

Again, as a teacher, I have to speak well so that my pupils will be able to understand my instructions well. In this way I can (7) ____improve_____ my powers of expression. Even my

of others prevent you from reaching your target, and let the constructive criticism have a positive effect on your work. If someone says you're totally in the (5) ____ of talent, ignore them. That's

pronunciation of words will improve to great extent.

negative criticism. If (6) ____, someone advises you to revise your work and gives you a good reason for doing so, you should consider their suggestions carefully. There are many film stars (7) ____ were once out of work. There are many famous novelists who made a complete mess of their first novel - or who didn't, but had to keep on approaching hundreds of publishers before they could get it (8) ____. Being successful does depend on luck, to a (9) ____ extent. But things are more likely to (10) ____ well if you persevere and stay positive. 1. A. alert

B. clever

C. intelligent

D. aware

2. A. overflowing

B. full

C. packed

D. filled

3. A. idea

B. brain

C. thought

D. mind

4. A. don't let

B. shouldn't let

C. won't let

D. didn't let

5. A. absentee

B. shortage

C. missing

D. lack

6. A. hence

B. however

C. whereas

D. otherwise

7. A. which

B. whom

C. they

D. who

8. A. publish

B. to publish

C. published

D. publishes

9. A. plenty

B. numerous

C. definite

D. certain

10. A. turn out

B. sail through

C. come into

D. deal with

III. Fill in each blank with ONE suitable word. Today, it is not easy to choose a career. Hundreds of students pass various examinations every year and compete (1) _____with_____ one another for positions in the various professions which are not so many as there are applicants. I would, however, like to choose teaching as my (2) ____career_____. Teaching is an interesting career for several reasons. As a teacher I can learn many things, especially if I teach to an udder-secondary school. If I teach History or English, for (3) ____example_____, I have to read many books to make my teaching lessons more interesting to my pupils. Thus, I can acquire more knowledge of the subjects that I teach than (4) ____what______ I can learn from the class text books. It is indeed a fact that a teacher learns a

Further, as a teacher, I shall have enough leisure to read and prepare for various examinations. It is possible today to sit (8) ______for____ many important examinations by studying entirely at home. Thus, I can acquire important qualifications. Finally, as a teacher I will be respected (9) _____as____ an educated person. People will assume that I have certain qualifications and show their regard for me and the opinions that I express. Thus, I shall be (10) _____able______ to live a happy. IV. Read the following passage, choose the best answer for each question followed. Choosing a career may be one of the hardest jobs you ever have, and it must be done with care. View a career as an opportunity to do something you love, not simply as a way to earn a living. Investing the time and effort to thoroughly explore your options can mean the difference between finding a stimulating and rewarding career and move from job to unsatisfying job in an attempt to find the right one. Work influences virtually every aspect of your life, from your choice of friends to where you live. Here are just a few of the factors to consider. Deciding what matters most to you is essential to making the right decision. You may want to begin by assessing your likes, dislikes, strengths, and weaknesses. Think about the classes, hobbies, and surroundings that you find most appealing. Ask yourself questions, such as "Would you like to travel? Do you want to work with children? Are you more suited to solitary or cooperative work?" There are no right or wrong answers; only you know what is important to you. Determine which job features you require, which ones you would prefer, and which ones you cannot accept. Then rank them in order of importance to you. The setting of the job is one factor to take into account. You may not want to sit at a desk all day. If not, there are diversity occupation - building inspector, supervisor, real estate agent that involve a great deal of time away from the office. Geographical location may be a concern, and employment in some fields in concentrated in certain regions. Advertising job can generally be found only in large cities. On the other hand, many industries such as hospitality, law education, and retail sales are found in all regions of the country. If a high salary is important to you, do not judge a career by its starting wages. Many jobs, such as insurance sales, offers relatively low starting salaries; however, pay substantially increases along with your experience, additional training, promotions and commission. Don't

rule out any occupation without learning more about it. Some industries evoke positive or negative associations. The traveling life of a flight attendant appears glamorous, while that of a plumber does not. Remember that many jobs are not what they appear to be at first, and may have merits or demerits that are less obvious. Flight attendants must work long, grueling hours Another point to consider is that as you mature, you will likely develop new interests and skills that may point the way to new opportunities. The choice you make today need not be your final one. 1. The word "them" in paragraph 2 refers to ____. B. answers

B. the traveling life

D. jobs

C. a flight attendant

D. commission

does not want to live in a big city? B. law

B. considering

D. advertising

C. measuring

B. bring to mind

B. To contrast the reality of a flight attendant's job with most people's perception.

D. To discourage readers from choosing a career as a flight attendant.

I. Rewrite the following sentences so that the second ones have the same meaning as the given sentence.

C. be related to

Never before had he fallen out with his parents. 2. In spite of all the hardships in life, she managed to raise five children on her own.

D. disposing

5. The word "evoke" in paragraph 4 is closest in meaning to ____. A. agree on

A. To emphasize the difficulty of working as a plumber.

1. There was no precedent for his falling out with his parents. C. retail sales

4. The word "assessing" in paragraph 2 could best be replaced by ____. A. discovering

9. Why does the author mention "long, grueling hours without sleeps" in paragraph 4?

D. WRITING

3. According to paragraph 3, which of the following fields is NOT suitable for a person who A. plumbing

C. you will be at your job for a lifetime, so choose carefully.

C. To show that people must work hard for the career they have chosen. C. features

2. The word "that" in paragraph 4 refers to ____. A. occupation

B. as you get older, your career will probably less fulfilling.

D. you will probably jobless at some time in the future.

without sleeps, whereas plumbers can be as highly paid as some doctors.

A. questions

A. you may want to change careers at some time in the future.

Although it was hard, she managed to raise five children on her own. 3. Had it not been for your generosity, we couldn't have pulled off the event.

D. differ from

6. It can be inferred from the paragraph 3 that ____. A. jobs in insurance sales are generally not well-paid. B. insurance sales people can earn high salary later in their career.

But for your generosity, we couldn't have pulled off the event. 4. "I knew you were trouble all along, yet I couldn't resist loving you." said Lana to her boyfriend.

C. people should constantly work toward the next promotion

Lana told her boyfriend that she had known he was trouble all along, yet she couldn't resist loving him.

D. a starting salary should be an important consideration in choosing a career.

5. "Why not going to the cinema instead of that boring park?" he said.

7. The author states that "There are no right or wrong answers" in order to ____.

He suggested going to the cinema instead of that/ the boring park.

A. emphasize that each person's answers will be different.

6. Angelina Jolie is the talented actress I admire the most.

B. show that answering the questions is a long and difficult process.

There is no talented actress I admire more than Angelina Jolie.

C. indicate that the answers are not really important.

7. Sarah was totally devoted to her geographical project and took no notice of her friends.

D. indicate that each person's answers may change over time.

Sarah dedicated herself to her geographical project and took no notice of her friends.

8. In paragraph 5, the author suggests that ____.

8. Tommy's really handsome but I wouldn't love him.

Handsome as Tommy is/ may be, I wouldn't love him.

3. A. apprentice

II. Rewrite the following sentences so that the second ones have the same meaning as the

4. A. volcano

B. tropical

C. temporary

D. property

given sentence.

5. A. journalism

B. interviewer

C. government

D. available

1. "Are you going out tonight or not?" asked her dad.

III. Choose the word or phrase that best completes each unfinished sentence below.

Her dad asked her whether she was going out that night (or not).

1. We're having terrible weather. Just can't put ____ it for much longer.

2. You must have this fridge fixed, some water is leaking out of it.

B. programmer

A. up

This fridge needs fixing, some water is leaking out of it.

B. on

A. in

Despite her disability, Lana could do almost anything.

Randall's mother apologized to her for not coming to her graduation party.

B. under

A. up

B. in

A. interesting - excited

John went on to study at the local university after graduating from high school.

demanding - exciting

6. I've never read a novel before.

A. as

7. Your room is not only smelly but also messy with so many discarded things. Your room is both smelly and messy with so many discarded things. 8. I would help mom with making traditional sticky-rice cakes when I was still at home. I used to help mom with making traditional sticky-rice cakes when I was still at home. PART 3: TEST YOURSELF

D. over

C. out

D. down

B. demanding - excited

C. tedious - exciting

B. gap

C. application

D. shadow

2. A. tedious

B. require

C. secure

D. recruit

3. A. grips

B. journalist

C. result

D. pursue

4. A. scientist

B. advisor

C. architect

D. applicant

5. A. applicant

B. fascinating

C. mature

D. ambition

II. Choose the words that has the different stress from the others. C. typhoon C. forest

B. so that

C. if

D. unless

6. Can you remember the first time you ____ in love? A. felt

B. went

C. fell

D. found

7. She's gradually getting ____ a bad cold, which kept her off work for a week. A. over

B. up

C. on

D. into

8. The career may be stressful, but it can be very ____ in salary as well as in pride of

I. Choose the word which has the underlined part pronounced differently from the others.

B. victim

C. to

5. She will be ill ____ she takes a few days off.

This is the first time I’ve (ever) read a novel.

2. A. erupt

D. up with

4. The life of a journalist can be both ____ and ____.

5. After graduating from high school, John continued to study at the local university.

B. debris

C. away

3. When I break ____ for the summer, I'm going to Spain for three weeks.

4. "I'm sorry that I couldn't come to your graduation party." said Randall's mother.

1. A. relief

D. paperwork

2. Over the past 50 years, many illnesses have been brought ____ control.

3. Although Lana was disabled, she could do almost anything.

1. A. rewarding

C. dishwasher

D. severe D. message

accomplishment. A. rewarding

B. low

C. exciting

D. accepted

9. It is important to make your CV or curriculum vitae to ____ out from the crowd. A. stand

B. get

C. keep

D. sit

10. It's very cold in here. Do you mind if I put ____ the heating? A. down

B. away

C. off

D. on

11. I told him I'd prefer to walk, but he insisted ____ giving me a lift. A. about

B. on

C. to

D. for

12. There's a rumor that the National Bank is going to take ____ the company I work for.

A. on

B. off

C. over

D. after

13. There's a lot more traffic than usual. There must be something ____ in the city center. A. going on

B. going off

C. getting on

D. getting off

14. The motor of the car won't work, we have run ____ petrol! A. out of

B. out for

C. on

B. rights

C. actions

D. out

B. on

C. in

D. requirements

D. to

B. on

C. in

D. through

18. When they ____ for the beach the sun was shining, but by the time they arrived it had clouded over. A. went out

B. went off

C. set off

D. left out

19. After standing in the sun for more than an hour, two of the people in the queue passed ____. A. out

B. by

C. up

D. through

20. When the alarm clock went off, Tom just turned ____ and went back to sleep. A. down

B. out

C. up

D. over

B. if

C. so

D. so that

22. She is acting in an ____ role in the administration. A. advisable

B. advisement

C. advisory

D. advisor

23. I'd love to get ____ from this place for a few days. I really feel I need a break. A. out

B. away

C. over

D. down

B. up

C. back

D. over

25. In their latest attack, terrorists have tempted to blow ____ the bridge. A. up

B. over

B. although

C. as

D. so

contribute to the success of the organization. B. position

C. confidence

D. attitude

29. As soon as I got home from work, I changed ____ casual clothes. A. to

B. into

C. in

D. for

30. The teacher carried ____ his threat to suspend Tom for his repeated absence from class. B. on

C. out

D. over

IV. Complete the sentences using a word from A and a word from B. You can use a word more than once. A

away

back

forward through

up with

1. You're walking too fast. I can't keep _____up with_______ you. 2. My holidays are nearly over. Next week I'll be _____back at_____ work. 3. We went ______up to________ the top floor of the building to admire the view. 4. Are you looking _____forward to_____ the party next week?

C. through

6. I love to look ______up at_______ the stars in the sky at night. 7. I was sitting in the kitchen when suddenly a bird flew ______in through______ the open window. V. Complete the sentences using the following verbs + it/ them/ me. get out

wake up

fill in

give back

switch on

1. They gave me a form and told me to ____________ fill it in _____________.

24. The smell of floor polish still brings ____ memories of my old school. A. on

D. after

5. There was a bank robbery last week. The robbers got ______away with_____ $50,000.

21. I studied languages ____ I could work abroad. A. as

A. as though

A. on with

17. I've always got ____ well with old people. A. off

C. out for

27. The old farmer nodded, ____ he had understood every word.

A. emotion

16. He wasn't sure if he'd be any good at tennis, but actually he took ____ it immediately. A. after

B. for

28. A positive workplace ____ encourages creativity because employees feel that their ideas will

15. Their pay was low and they had no job security or legal ____. A. advice

A. at

D. down

26. I've just spent two weeks looking ____ an old aunt of mine who's been ill.

2. I'm going to bed now. Can you _____wake me up_____ at 6.30? 3. I've got something in my eye and I can't ____get it out_____. 4. I don't like it when people borrow things and don't _____give them back____. 5. I want to use the kettle. How do I ____switch it on____?

take off

6. My shoes are dirty. I'd better ____take them off_____ before going into the house.

First, start by sitting down and thinking about your interests and career goals. Think about the types of (3) ___ careers ___ you'd consider working in. you can use a self- assessment

VI. Give the correct form of the word to complete the following sentences.

tool that analyzes your skills, work values, and interests.

1. Normally, apprentices are assigned to a more senior staff member and spend some time ___shadowing____

Next, seek guidance from counselors and career services offered at your school. They may help suggest a path that encompasses your values. If you have yet to graduate, guidance

them and getting to grips with the basics of the job. SHADOW

counselors can give you information about colleges, career schools, and (4) __ vocational ___

2. Frankly, you are by far the best ____applicant_____ for the job; I'd like to make you an offer. APPLY 3. The point at which you are fully grown is an example of when you achieve

training programmes. You may also want to explore military service or post-secondary education (5) ____ opportunities ____.

____maturity____. MATURE

There are numerous types of career to consider before and after you graduate high school. Take time to explore various careers. You may be surprised to find career (6) ___ descriptions

4. He attended a meeting of the ____advisory____ committee. ADVISE

____ that you didn't even know existed. You can learn about the professional background, job

5. You have the ___advantage__ of email, texting, webcams, or chat rooms to be in touch. DISADVANTAGE 6. The one huge downside to becoming an adult is that ___life___ is not easy for you any more. LIVE 7. If you are ___considering_____ a career as a mechanic, ask one of your relatives following that career if you can shadow him. CONSIDER

growth, and wage information for these careers. You can also learn about the training you will need to (7) ___ succeed __ in these various career fields. Take (8) ___ advantage __ of talking to working professionals you may know. Ask your relatives, neighbors, or your friends' parents about their careers. If their careers sound interesting, pick a time to sit down and talk with them. If you visit an (9) ___ environment __ you are interested in, such as a doctors' office, pharmacy, or dental office, speak with (10) ___ professionals ___ you meet along the way. They may give you tips or ideas of what it's like to

8. In the first week at university, you have your timetable and other paperwork sorted, then you

work in their position.

can and

VIII. Choose the word (A, B, C, or D) that best fits each of the blank spaces.

_____relax_____ take in the student atmosphere. RELAXING

Life after high school doesn't end. In fact, life begins once there are no more lockers, gym class, or teachers nagging you about homework.

9. The whole community is ____struggling_____ to get to grips with road accidents. STRUGGLE 10. Showing common sense and making adult _____decisions_____ is an example of maturity.

In terms of choosing the (1) ____ career, it is important to consider a career assessment test in which you answer a series of questions designed to (2) ____ your strengths and

DECIDE

weaknesses. While career tests should not be your main source of decision making, you can use

VII. Choose the right word that best fits each of the blank spaces.

them as a tool to help you decide what career might match your (3) ____.

vocational

opportunities

major

step

environment

professionals

descriptions

succeed

careers

advantage If you've recently graduated from high school, you reach a (1) ___ major ____ milestone in your life. This can be an exciting time for you. However, it can also be a confusing period when you don't know what (2) ___step____ to take next in your life.

Think about your interests and hobbies. If you enjoy science, you may want to apply to college and pursue a career in engineering or marine (4) ____.Write a list of possible careers that match your interests and your capabilities. If you find you are happiest when you work with others, jot down that you are a team player. In that case, you may want to consider jobs that involve people interaction instead of careers like computer programming or writing, which require more alone time. Speak to an adult you trust about your ideas and be willing to receive (5) ____.

Narrow your options and look for a career with growth (6) ____. While it is important to pick a career that will stimulate your mind, it is also important to be practical about the market. If

others. An honest assessment of personal interests and abilities such as creative or scientific skills, or skills acquired from work experience, should also be given careful thought.

you decide that you want to go college, you will need to pick a career that enables you to make a

The second stage is to study the opportunities available for employment and to think about how the general employment situation is likely to develop in the future. To do this,

living (7) ____ you graduate. Jump into the first step of realizing your career dreams. If you have decided that you

graduates can study job vacancies and information in newspapers or they can visit a careers

would like to pursue a career that requires higher education, do your (8) ____ on applying to the

office, write to possible employers for information or contact friends or relatives who may

college or programme, including qualifications, application deadlines, tuition fees and length of study. If you have decided on a career that does not require higher education, start looking for

already be involved in a particular profession. After studying all the various options, they should be in a position to make informed comparisons between various careers.

ways to enter the field and (9) ____ experience. Speak to someone who already has your dream job. This person can provide a better picture of the pros and cons of the (10) ____

Good personal presentation is essential in the search for a good career. Job application forms and letters should, of course, be filled in carefully and correctly, without grammar or

1. A direct

B. right

C. fast

D. hard

spelling errors. Where additional information is asked for, job seekers should describe their

2. A. exist

B. invent

C. start

D. analyse

abilities and work experience in more depth, with examples if possible. They should try to

3. A. relevance

B. genery

C. interests

D. benefits

balance their own abilities with the employers needs, explain why they are interested in a career with the particular company and try to show that they already know something about the

4. A. cost

B. biology

C. standard

D. criteria

company and its activities.

5. A. feedback

B. appearance

C. direction

D. expectation

6. A. friendships

B. opportunities

C. connections

D. joins

7. A. around

B. on

C. before

D. after

8. A. amount

B. load

C. research

D. quality

9. A. gain

B. outgrow

C. outdo

D. outpace

10. A. position

B. control

C. profession

D. movement

IX. Read the following passage and choose the best answers each of the questions. Not so long ago almost any student who successfully completed a university degree or diploma course could find a good career quite easily. Companies toured the academic institutions, competing with each other to recruit graduates. However, those days are gone, even in Hong Kong, and nowadays graduates often face strong competition in the search for jobs. Most careers organizations highlight three stages for graduates to follow in the process of securing a suitable career: recognizing abilities, matching these to available vacancies and presenting them well to prospective employers. Job seekers have to make a careful assessment of their own abilities. One area of assessment should be of their academic qualifications, which would include special skills within their subject area. Graduates should also consider their own personal values and attitudes, or the relative importance to themselves of such matters as money, security, leadership and caring for

When graduates are asked to attend for interview, they should prepare properly by finding out all they can about the prospective employer. Dressing suitably and arriving for the interview on time are also obviously important. Interviewees should try to give positive and helpful answers and should not be afraid to ask questions about anything they are unsure about. This is much better than pretending to understand a question and giving an unsuitable answer. There will always be good career opportunities for people with ability, skills and determination; the secret to securing a good job is to be one of them. 1. In paragraph 5, 'in more depth' could best be replaced by ____. A. more honestly

B. more carefully

C. using more word

D. in greater

detail 2. The word "prospective" in paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to ____. A. future

B. generous

C. reasonable

D. ambitious

C. careers organizations.

D. available

3. In the paragraph 2, "them" refers to ____. A. abilities.

B. three stages.

vacancies. 4. According to the passage, which of the following is NOT true? A. Businesses used to visit the universities in Hong Kong to recruit graduates.

B. Until recently it was quite easy for graduates to get good jobs in Hong Kong.

A. VOCABULARY

C. Job seekers should consider as many as possible of the factors involved.

• adequate /ˈædɪkwət/ (a): thỏa đáng, phù hợp

D. Graduates sometimes have to take part in competitions to secure a good career.

• e-learning /ˈiː lɜːnɪŋ/ (n): hình thức học trực tuyến

5. According to paragraph 4, graduates should ____.

• employable /ɪmˈplɔɪəbl/ (a): có thể được thuê làm việc

A. ask friends or relatives to secure them a good job.

• facilitate /fəˈsɪlɪteɪt/ (v): tạo điều kiện thuận lợi

B. find out as much as possible and inform employers of the comparisons they want.

• flexibility /ˌfleksəˈbɪləti/ (n): tính linh động

C. get information about a number of careers before making comparisons.

• genius /ˈdʒiːniəs/ (n): thiên tài

D. find a good position and then compare it with other careers.

• hospitality /ˌhɒspɪˈtæləti/ (n): lòng mến khách

6. In paragraph 6, the writer seems to suggest that ____.

• initiative /ɪˈnɪʃətɪv/ (n): sáng kiến, tính chủ động trong công việc

A. it is better for interviewees to be honest than to pretend to understand.

• institution /ˌɪnstɪˈtjuːʃn/ (n): cơ quan, tổ chức

B. interviewees should ask a question if they can't think of an answer.

• interaction /ˌɪntərˈækʃn/ (n): sự tương tác

C. it is not a good idea for interviewees to be completely honest in their answers.

• lifelong /ˈlaɪflɒŋ/ (a): suốt đời

D. pretending to understand a question is better than giving an unsuitable answer. 7. In paragraph 1, 'those days are gone, even in Hong Kong', suggests that ____.

• opportunity /ˌɒpəˈtjuːnəti/ (n): cơ hội • overwhelming /ˌəʊvəˈwelmɪŋ/ (a): vượt trội

A. in the past, finding a good career was easier in Hong Kong than elsewhere.

• pursuit /pəˈsjuːt/ (n): sự theo đuổi

B. it used to be harder to find a good job in Hong Kong than in other countries.

• self-directed /sef-dəˈrektɪd/ (a): theo định hướng cá nhân

C. nowadays, everyone in Hong Kong has an equal chance of finding a good career.

• self-motivated /ˌself ˈməʊtɪveɪtɪd/ (a): có động lực cá nhân

D. even in Hong Kong companies tour the universities trying to recruit graduates.

• temptation /tempˈteɪʃn/ (n): sự lôi cuốn

8. Which of the following sentences is closest in meaning to the paragraph 7? A. Determined, skilled and able people can easily find a good career.

• ultimate /ˈʌltɪmət/ (a): sau cùng, quan trọng nhất • voluntarily /ˈvɒləntrəli/ (adv): một cách tự nguyện

B. Graduates should develop at least one of these areas to find a suitable career.

B. GRAMMAR REVIEW

C. People with the right qualities should always be able to find a good career.

I. CONDITIONALS.

D. The secret of a successful interview is that interviewers have to possess skills, determination or ability.

1. Type 0: Câu điều kiện diễn tả thói quen hoặc một sự thật hiển nhiên. a. Habit (Thói quen) If + simple present tense ..., + simple present tense… Ex: I usually walk to school if I have enough time.

UNIT 10. LIFELONG LEARNING - KEY PART 1: VOCABULARY AND GRAMMAR REVIEW

b. Command (Mệnh Lệnh). If + simple present tense ..., + command form of verb + ...

Ex:

- If you go to the Post Office, mail this letter for me.

2. A. self-directed

B. compulsory

- Please call me if you hear anything from Jane.

C. pursuit

D. choosing

3. A. course

B. courtesy

C. source

D. force

2. Type 1: FUTURE POSSIBLE (Diễn tả một khả năng có thể xảy ra ở hiện tại hoặc tương

4. A. smell

B. press

C. melt

D. refill

lai)

5. A. temptation

B. interaction

C. hospitality

D. adequate

If S + V (simple present), S + will/shall + V ( nguyên thể)

6. A. facilitate

B. imitate

C. negotiate

D. initiative

Ex: If I have time, I will go.

7. A. those

B. clothes

C. shopping

D. envelope

3. Type 2: PRESENT UNREAL (Diễn tả tình huống không có thật ở hiện tại hoặc tương lai)

II. Choose the words that has the different stress from the others.

If + S + V (past subjunctive/ simple past), S + would/ could/ might + V. Ex:

I don't win a lot of money, so I can't spend most of it travelling round the world. -> If I won a lot of money, I could spend most of it travelling round the world.

4. Type 3: PAST UNREAL (Diễn tả tình huống không có thật ở quá khứ) If + S + had + VPP, S + would/ could/ might + have + Vp2 Ex:

I didn't tell her any good news because I wasn't here early.

1. A. polite

B. penfriend

C. shorthand

D. breakdown

2. A. multimedia

B. possibility

C. telepathy

D. interactive

3. A. opportunity

B. enthusiasm

C. informality

D. independently

4. A. average

B. candidate

C. severely

D. applicant

5. A. insurance

B. reference

C. consider

D. available

B. VOCABULARY AND GRAMMAR I. Put the verbs in brackets into the correct forms.

-> If I had been here earlier, I would have told her some good news. 5. Type 4: Câu điều kiện pha trộn

1. If I (have) ___have_____ time, I will write to him. 2. If it's cold, 1 (need) ____will need_____ a heavier coat.

Form 1: Type 3 và Type 2 If + S + had + Vp2, S + would/ could/ might + V.

3. What are you going to do if you (have) ____have______ a holiday? 4. If I can go tomorrow, I (let) ______will let_____ you know. 5. If I should meet Helen, I (give) ____will give_____ her your message.

Ex:

He isn't a rich man now because he didn't take my advice.

6. If flowers don't get any water, they (die) ___will die___.

-> If he had taken my advice, he would be a rich man now.

7. If I (get) ____get______ a headache, I usually take some aspirins.

Form 2: Type 2 và Type 3 If + S + V (past subjunctive/ simple past), S + would/ could/ might + have + Vp2 Ex: If I were him, I wouldn't have got married to her.

11. If he (come) _____comes______, please tell him that I'll be back in a few minutes.

A. PHONETICS I. Choose the word whose underlined part is pronounced differently from that of the others. B. scatter

C. package

9. She will buy the car as long as it (not be) _____isn’t______ too expensive. 10. Everything (be) ____will be_____ better provided you tell the truth.

PART 2: PRACTICE

1. A. metal

8. I will go to the party unless it (rain) _____rains_____.

D. math

12. Don't come if they (not call) ____don’t call_____ you. 13. If you (need) _____need____, why don't you tell me? 14. Suppose you (win) ______won______ a lot of money, what would you do?

15. If I got up earlier, I (not be) ___wouldn’t be____ late for work

11. ____ because ______ the weather was bad, they delayed their trip.

II. Put the verbs in brackets into the correct forms.

12. He will buy a new car ______ when ______ he saves up.

1. If I didn't feel so tired, I (go) ____would go_____ out with you.

IV. Give the correct form of the verb given in the brackets.

2. If you (not pass) ____didn’t pass____ the exam, would you take it again?

1. My dad (not like) ____doesn’t like___ coffee, he never _____drinks______ (drink) it.

3. If I (be) _____were______ you, I would apply for the job.

2. Ba is short. He wishes he _____were______ (be) taller.

4. I could repair the car if I (have) _____had_____ the right tools.

3. This house is empty. It ___hasn’t been lived____ (not live) in for many years.

5. If I (study) ___had studied_____ hard, I would have passed the exam.

4. I hate ____getting____ (get) up early in winter.

6. If I (not be) ____hadn’t been____ busy yesterday, I would have visited you.

5. Traditionally, the ao dai ____is worn_____ (wear) by both men and women.

7. She (go) ___would have gone___ to the university if she had had the opportunity.

6. This is my house. I _____have lived______ (live) here for 7 years.

8. Suppose they had offered her a job, do you think she (take) ____would have taken____ it?

7. I'm busy at the moment. I ____am cleaning____ (clean) the floor.

9. If she hadn't been ill yesterday, she (go) ____would go_____ to work now.

8. Where you ___did you spend____ (spend) your holiday last summer?

10. If I (be) _____were____ you, I wouldn't have told him the truth yesterday.

9. I ______saw______ (see) Nam while I ____was going_____ (go) to school yesterday.

11. If today were Monday, I (not go) ____wouldn’t have gone____ to work yesterday.

10. My brother is a teacher. He _____works_____ (work) in a school in the city centre.

12. What would happen if you (not go) ____didn’t go______ to work tomorrow.

V. Give the correct form of the word to complete the following sentences.

13. If I had gone to your party last night, I (be) ____would be_____ very tired now.

1. Get involved outside your job area, in ____social____ committees, health and safety

14. She must apologize to me or I ___will never speak____ (never speak) to her again.

committees. SOCIETY

15. If he hadn't stayed up late, he ___wouldn’t have finished____ (not finish) his task yesterday.

2. She ____voluntarily_____ did a lot of work for the Red Cross. VOLUNTARY 3. The equipment at the workplace was barely ____adequate____ to the job we had to do.

III. Complete the sentences with because / as/ since/ if/ when, or so.

ADEQUATED

1. We decided to go out to eat _____ because _____ we had no food at home.

4. Albert Einstein and Isaac Newton were great _____scientific_______ geniuses. SCIENT

2. He has a very important job ______ so ______ he is particularly well-paid.

5. Acquiring education is a lifelong ____process____, not just confined to schools and colleges. PROCESSING

3. Can I borrow that book _____ when ______ you've finished it? 4. No one was watching the television _______ so ______ I switched it off. 5. _____ because _____ she changed a lot, we didn't recognize her.

6. Recent research suggests that children born to teenage mothers are more likely to be poor, and to receive inadequate _____healthcare______ and education. HEALTH 7. It is hard to resist the ____temptation_____ to buy a new car, but a used vehicle is much

6. _____ if _______ you've ready, we can start now.

cheaper in the long run. TEMPT

7. I'm going away for a few days, I'll phone you ______ when ____ I get back. 8. You should inform the police ______ if ______ your bicycle is stolen.

8. The job of ESL teacher is often described as that of a ____facilitator___ of language use by learners in the classroom. FACILY

9. Mathew went to bed ______as______ it was too late to go out.

9. In 1968, 80 percent of ___employable____ women worked outside the home. EMPLOY

10. ____ when / if______ you drive without driving license, you're breaking the law.

10. You shouldn't live merely in _____pursuit_____ of your own happiness. PURSUITING

VI. Each sentence has a mistake find and correct it.

A. elevated

1. How about having dinner and then go to the theater?

→

going → to

store 3. Our environment has become worse but there are many factors causing from men. because 4. My recent electricity bill is enormous so I'm worried in it.

→

D. endorsed

B. obstacle

C. badge

D. motivation

C. saver

D. protector

7. I am lucky to have a very supportive supervisor. A. survivor

→

C. encouraged

6. What is your barrier to lifelong learning? A. bar

2. It's possible store solar energy for a number of days.

B. enlightened

B. manager

8. Upon the project completion, I was transferred to the sales department. A. moved

B. dismissed

C. retrained

D. translated

9. Our first priority is to offer free education to all people.

about 5. She turned on her radio at the lowest in order not to disturb the others at night.

→

A. attention

B. help

C. concern

D. aid

10. It is equal chance for everyone. No one should be given privilege.

down 6. The path was made by walkers where crossed the mountains some years ago.

→ who

7. Tan and his lovely cat which the police are finding disappeared last week.

→ that

VIII. Indicate the word(s) OPPOSITE in meaning to the underlined word(s) in each of the

8. Let me congratulate you on pass your exam to university.

→

following questions.

→

other qualifications.

A. time

9. The woman who son is excellent in math lives next door to us. whose

A. obligatory

10. Do you find Jack, that is a new student?

→ who

VII. Indicate the word(s) CLOSEST in meaning to the underlined word(s) in each of the following questions. 1. We all welcome the government's initiative to boost lifelong learning. B. initial

C. new plan

D. prospect

2. His life is a rich source of inspiration for many writers and poets. A. nuance

B. hindrance

C. discouragement

B. change

C. develop

D. intensify

4. A good lifelong learner can advance both at work and in life. A. process

B. progress

C. precede

B. selective

C. required

D. mandatory

2. It just gave you a stronger motivation for doing what you already knew was right. A. discouragement

B. emotion

C. feeling

D. inspiration

3. The plans should remain flexible to accommodate changes in students' needs and circumstances. A. fixed

B. adjustable

C. constant

D. changeable

A. abundant

B. enough

C. insufficient

D. satisfactory

5. If children are inactive most of the time, it is very easy for them to gain weight. A. put up

B. loose

C. lose

D. put on

6. Those students who fail the National High School exams may want to retake them the D. recede

5. If you have the right qualifications and are good at English, you are very likely to get promoted.

D. advantage

4. Having adequate funding is crucial throughout the leaning process. D. encouragement

3. Lifelong learning can also help amend some of the weaknesses of the education system. A. correct

C. disadvantage

1 What he can't do is to make attendance compulsory, or threaten that non attendance will delay

passing

A. intention

B. money

following year. A. pass

B. fall

C. sit

7. A new school has just been set up for the kids in the area.

D. take

A. started

B. established

C. built

D. demolished

8. Thanks to lifelong learning, people's level of awareness has improved significantly. A. has increased

B. has declined

C. has gone up

B. continued

C. destroyed

B. start doing

C. continue doing

A. or

D. broken off

A. does

A. can

drink in the future. C. or

A. condition

D. unless

B. a little

B. waiting

A. absence

C. a lot of

D. plenty of

C. for waiting

D. wait

C. about which

D. when

C. although

D. despite

A. wouldn't be

B. of which

5. I turn down the job ____ the attractive salary. B. because of

B. industrial

C. industrialize

D. industrialization

A. since when I waited

B. since when I am waiting

C. how long I have been waiting

D. how long I had been waiting

B. could

C. should

D. will

B. requirement

C. certificate

D. ability

B. afterward

C. following

D. after

10. I didn't go to school yesterday ____ I was ill.

C. behalf

D. reminder

B. won't be

C. wouldn't have been

D. hadn't been

B. he is never in time for the match

C. he will now be in the national team

D. he has never been in time for the

match own. A. directions

B. subjects

C. objects

D. aims

19. When the post finally fell ____. They offered it to Brian. B. vacantly

C. vacancy

D. vacancies

20. Today's online world is full of opportunities for all of us to ____ our own learning path. A. discover

B. determine

C. control

D. influence

A. obligatory

B. mandatory

C. obliging

D. optional

22. We ____ won the game if we'd had a few more minutes.

9. His parents never allowed him ____. B. smoke

B. remembrance

21. Is English a compulsory subject or a(n) ____ one at high school here?

8. She remembered the correct address only ____ she had posted the letter.

A. smoking

D. isn't

A. he would now be in the national team

A. vacant

7. He asked me ____.

A. since

C. don't

18. One of the most forgotten ____ of education is to teach students how they can learn on their

6. The scientists and engineers have become key figures in our modern ____ society. A. industry

B. doesn't

17. If Jack had tried hard the last season, ____.

4. These were the days ____ we were very happy,

A. because

D. but

16. If you had taken my advice, you ____ in such difficulties now.

3. I hope he doesn't keep us ____.

A. that

C. if

15. The writer could not be at the ceremony, and his wife accepted the prize on his ____. B. whether

2. Hurry up! They've only got ____ seats left.

A. to wait

B. however

14. What is minimum entrance ____ for this course?

1. We should do some thing to protect water from being polluted ____ we will have nothing to

A. a few

D. so

13. Mary wishes she ____ speak Vietnamese

D. stop doing

IX. Choose the word or phrase that best completes each unfinished sentence below.

A. if

C but

12. That man lives next door, ____he?

10. The teacher asked us to get on with the next exercise and he would be back in a while. A. finish doing

B. and

11 He will stay at home ____ it rains.

D. has bettered

9. The school picnic has been cancelled because of bad weather. A. called off

A. because

C. to smoke

D. some smoke

A. had

B. could have

C. have

D. will

23. If Nam hadn't quarreled with the bad boys at school, he ____ a black eye.

A. won't have had

24. As a university student you are expected to take responsibility for your on learning and be

Lifelong learners are self-motivated to learn and develop because they want to. (5) ____ learning can enhance our understanding of the world around us, provide us with more and better

____.

opportunities and improve our quality of life. People learn for personal development and for A. self-aware

B. hadn't had

B. self-centered

C. would have had

C. self-absorbed

D. wouldn't have had

D. self-directed

25. If you understand a matter thoroughly, that means you understand it ____. A. hardly

B. hard

C. completely

D. scarcely

for life; education is life itself," said John Dewey.

may want to increase your knowledge or (7) ____ around a particular hobby or pastime that you enjoy. Perhaps you want to develop some entirely new skill that will in some way enhance your life – take a pottery (8) ____ car mechanic course for example. Perhaps you want to research a medical condition or your ancestry. If you do find yourself unemployed, then use the time wisely. Learning something new

26. "Education is not A. arrangement

professional (6) ____. There are many reasons why people learn for personal development. You

B. agreement

C. preparation

D. contribution

27. Had you told me that this was going to happen, I ____ it.

can pay off with new opportunities which might not otherwise have (9) ____. While you are employed, take advantage of training, coaching or mentoring opportunities and work on your continuous professional development as you will likely (10) ____ better at what you do and more

A. would never have believed

B. don't believe

indispensable to your current or future employer.

C. hadn't believed

D. can't believe

1. A. allow

B. associate

C. express

D. communicate

2. A. possess

B. affect

C. limit

D. maximise

3. A. knowledge

B. height

C. ability

D. top

4. A. path

B. present

C. time

D. future

5. A. Inclusion

B. Combination

C. Spirit

D. Lifelong

28. What ____ you do if you saw a UFO? A. will

B. do

C. would

D. can

29. Nobody came here yesterday, ____? A. didn't they

B. didn't he

C. did he

D. did they

6. A. unemployment B. development

C. illnesses

D. tiredness

7. A. skills

B. partnership

C. business

D. group

C. READING

8. A. but

B. because

C. or

D. so

I. Choose the best answer to complete the text.

9. A. stretched

B. offered

C. extended

D. arisen

Most people (1) ____ learning with formal education at school, college, university etc. We are all told, from an early age, that we should get a good education'. Generally speaking, it is

10. A. cause

B. become

C. support

D. save

30. Do you remember the name of the girl ____ we met at the party last night? A. which

B. where

C. who

D. whom

true that a formal education and the resulting qualifications are important. Education may (2) ____ our potential to find better, more satisfying jobs, earn more and perhaps, become more successful in our chosen career. However, 'schooling' is only one type of learning. There are many other opportunities to further your (3) ____ and develop the skills you need throughout life. Knowledge can be acquired and skill sets developed anywhere - learning is unavoidable and happens all the (4) ____. However, lifelong learning is about creating and maintaining a positive attitude to learning both for personal and professional development.

II. Fill in the blank with a suitable word in the box. company

maintain

loneliness

level

create

involvement

decrease

explore

expand

past

Many scientists offer the top benefits of lifelong learning which is to fully engage the brain, heighten physical activity, and (1) ____ maintain ____ healthy social relationships. First, lifelong learning helps fully develop natural abilities. Once we're no longer working full time, we have the opportunity to fully (2) ____ explore _____ and develop these abilities. There's nothing like listening to or taking part in stimulating discussions to help us see the other side of an issue. That give-and-take opens our minds and brings us to a whole new (3) ____ level

_____ of understanding. Next, lifelong learning gives us the benefit of real perspective and enables us to find true meaning in the hills and valleys of our (4) ___ past ___.

to use the same, often ineffective study approach for all learning tasks, ignoring task content, structure or difficulty.

Today's retirees and people who are about to retire want and demand more from their later years. They are taking part in educational programmes, traveling all over the world, and

1. In compared with low-achieving students, successful students use ____.

offering their expertise to society through meaningful community (5) ____ involvement ___. No one enjoys (6) ____ loneliness _____, and through lifelong learning, older adults are meeting new people. Lifelong learning is a brilliant way to keep in touch with people, meet new friends, and enjoy life surrounded by the (7) _____ company ___ of folks who are truly embracing the excitement of our later years. We base everything on the belief that our capacity to learn and grow does not (8) ___ decrease ____ as our years increase. Through academic learning, we (9) ___ expand ____ our awareness, embrace self-fulfillment, and truly (10) ____ create ____ an exciting multidimensional life. III. Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 1 to 8. Successful students often do the followings while studying. First, they have an overview before reading. Next, they look for important information and pay greater attention to it (which often needs jumping forward or backward to process information). They also relate important points to one another. Also, they activate and use their prior knowledge. When they realize that their understanding is not good, they do not wait to change strategies. Last, they can monitor understanding and take action to correct or "fix up" mistakes in comprehension. Conversely students with low academic achievement often demonstrate ineffective study

A. aimless study techniques

B. various study skills

C. restricted strategies

D. inflexible study ways

2. The underlined pronoun "They" in the last sentence refers to ____. A. study strategies

B. study skills

A. important

B. earlier

A. On the contrary

B. In contrast

directions, and completing work on time. Unlike good studiers who employ a variety of study skills in a flexible yet purposeful manner, low-achieving students use a restricted range of study skills. They cannot explain why good study strategies are important for learning, and they tend

C. On the other hand

D. all are

5. According to the passage, what can be learnt about passive students? A. They depend on other people to organize their learning. B. They are slow in their studying. C. They monitor their understanding. D. They know the purpose of studying. 6. Which of the followings is NOT an evidence of monitoring studying?

C. Fixing up mistakes in understanding

well. They often have difficulty keeping track of materials and assignments, following

D. good

correct

understanding of content they may not be aware of the purpose of studying, and they show little

disabilities do not plan and judge the quality of their studying. Their studying may be disorganized. Students with learning problems face challenges with personal organization as

C. forward

4. Which of the following could best replace the word "Conversely" in paragraph 2?

A. Being aware of the purpose of studying

Students who struggle with learning new information seem to be unaware that they must extent effort beyond simply reading the content to understand and remember it. Children with learning

D. good

3. The word "prior" in the first paragraph is closest meaning to ____.

skills. They tend to assume a passive role in learning and rely on others (eg, teachers, parents) to monitor their studying, for example, low achieving students often do not monitor their evidence of looking back, or employing "fix-up strategies to fix understanding problems.

C. low-achieving students

studiers

B. Monitoring their understanding of

content D. Looking at their backs

7. According to the passage, to learn new information, low-achieving students do NOT ____. A. just understand it

B. relate it to what they have known

C. simply remember it

D. read it

8. What is the topic of the passage? A Successful and low-academic achieving students B. Successful learners and their learning strategies C. Study skills for high school students

D. Effective and ineffective ways of learning

B. School vacations interrupt the continuity of the school year.

IV. Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to

C. Summer school makes the school year too long.

indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 1 to 8.

D. All of people's life is an education.

It is commonly believed in the United States that school is where people go to get an education. Nevertheless, it has been said that today children interrupt their education to go to school. The distinction between schooling and education implied by this remark is important. Education is much more open-ended and all-inclusive than schooling. Education knows no bounds. It can take place anywhere, whether in the shower or on the job, whether in a kitchen or on a tractor. It includes both the formal learning that takes place in schools and the whole universe of informal learning. The agents of education can range from a revered grandparent to the people debating politics on the radio, from a child to a distinguished scientist. Whereas schooling has a certain predictability, education quite often produces surprises. A chance conversation with a stranger may lead a person to discover how little is known of other religions. People are engaged in education in infancy. Education, then, is a very broad, inclusive term. It is a lifelong process, a process that starts long before the start of school, and one that should be an integral part of one's entire life. Schooling, on the other hand, is a specific, formalized process, whose general pattern varies little from one setting to the next. Throughout a country, children arrive at school at approximately the same time, take assigned seats, are taught by an adult, use similar textbooks, do homework, take exams, and so on. The slices of reality that are to be learned, whether they

3. The word "chance" in paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to ____. A. unexpected

B. usual

C. passive

A. slices of reality

B. similar textbooks C. boundaries

A. similar textbooks.

B. the results of schooling.

C. the workings of a government.

D. the boundaries of the subjects.

6. The passage support which of the following conclusions? A. Without formal education, people would remain ignorant. B. Education systems need to be radically reformed. C. Going to school is only part of how people become educated. D. Education involves many years of professional training. 7. The passage is organized by ____. A. listing and discussing several educational problems. B. contrasting the meanings of two related words.

they are not likely to find out in their classes the truth about political problems in their

C. narrating a story about excellent teacher.

conditions surrounding the formalized process of schooling. 1. What is the main idea of the passage?

D. giving examples of different kinds of schools. 8. The writer seem to agree that ____. A. Schooling is more important than education.

A. The best school teach a wide variety of subject.

B. Education is not as important as schooling.

B. Education and schooling are quite different experiences.

C. Schooling is unlimited and more informal.

C. Students benefit from schools, which require long hours and homework.

D. Education is more influential than schooling.

D. The more years students go to school, the better their education is. 2. What does the author probably mean by using the expression “children interrupt their education to go to school” in paragraph 1? A. Going to several different schools is educationally beneficial.

D. seats

5. The phrase "For example" in paragraph 3, introduces a sentence that gives examples of ____.

are the alphabet or an understanding of the workings of government, have usually been limited by the boundaries of the subjects being taught. For example, high school students know that communities or what the newest filmmakers are experimenting with. There are definite

D. lively

4. The word "they" in paragraph 3 refers ____.

D. WRITING I. Rewrite these sentences, beginning as shown, so that the meaning stays the same. 1. I don't buy it because I don't have enough money.

If I had enough money, I would buy it.

You won't pass the exam unless you work harder.

2. I didn't buy it because I didn't have enough money.

II. Rewrite the following sentences so that the second ones have the same meaning as the

I would have bought it if I had had enough money.

given sentence.

3. There was a test yesterday. I didn't know that, so I didn't study for it.

1. I spent 2 hours trying to learn how to use the washing machine.

If I had known there was a test yesterday, I would have studied for it.

It took me 2 hours to try to learn how to use the washing machine.

4. I'm busy right now, so I can't help you.

2. "Come on, give it a try, Hannah!" said her friend.

I could help you if I weren’t busy right now.

Hannah's friend encouraged her to give it a try.

5. He's very thin, that's why he feels the cold so much.

3. It was completely wrong of you to leave the children near all those wild animals like that.

If he weren’t very thin, he wouldn’t feel the cold so much.

You should not have left the children near all those wild animals like that.

6. I didn't eat breakfast several hours ago, so I am hungry now.

4. Although Nancy was short-sighted, she didn't wear glasses at classes.

If I had eaten breakfast several hours ago, I wouldn’t be hungry now.

In spite of her being short- sighted/ her short- sightedness, Nancy didn't wear glasses at classes.

7. If John had played for our football team, we would not have lost the game.

5. The doctor say you'd better cut down on your intake of sugar or you'll end up having diabetes.

Unless John had played for our football team, we would have lost the game.

It is the doctor's recommendation that you cut down on your intake of sugar or you'll end up having diabetes.

8. If I won a big prize in a lottery, I'd give up my job. Unless I won a big prize in a lottery, I wouldn’t give up my job. 9. If you don't like this one, I'll bring you another. Unless you like this one, I will bring you another. 10. I'll only help you if you promise to try harder. Unless you promise to try harder, I won’t help you. 11. If she doesn't work harder, she'll lose her job. She'll lose her job unless she works harder. 12. You can use my car, but have to keep it carefully. Provided you kept my car carefully, you can use it. 13. If the work is finished by lunch, you can go home.

6. "Please have mercy on me, take it easy on my heart." said her ex. Her ex begged her to have mercy on him and take it easy on his heart. 7. I do some kinds of menial work for a living. I live on some kinds of menial work.s 8. It is not very likely that they will make it to the end. Thereis little likelihood that they will make it to the end. III. Rewrite the following sentences so that the second ones have the same meaning as the given sentence. 1. She is excellent at English so she should be able to talk to our foreign partners. (COMMAND) She has a good command of English so should be able to talk to our foreign partners. 2. Because it was raining really heavily, we couldn't set off for our trip to the countryside.

Get the work finished by lunch, you can go home.

(OWING)

14. Keeping calm is the secret of passing your driving test.

Owing to the really heavy rain, we couldn't set off for our trip to the countryside.

As long as you keep calm, you will pass your driving test.

3. We didn't get on well at first. (TERMS)

15. You must work harder or you won't pass the exam.

We weren’t on speaking terms at first.

4. I'm sorry now that I didn't give her a big hug when I saw her off at the airport. (REGRET) I regret not giving/ having given her a big hug when I saw her off at the airport. 5. Talking on the phone is quite different from meeting face to face. (LINE) There is a fine line between talking on the phone and meeting face to face. 6. I've only tried this spicy dish once before. (SECOND)

1. ____ the afternoon, mum feeds the chickens. A. Over

B. On

C. In

D. For

C. therefore

D. however

2. She was ill, ____, she offered to help. A. although

B. because

3. Viet Nam, ____ is in the south-east Asia, exports rice.

This is the second time I’ve (ever) tried this spicy dish.

A. who

7. Had I followed his advice, I wouldn't be stuck in this mess now. (ONLY) If only I had followed his advice, I wouldn't be stuck in this mess now. 8. Only after she called out my name did I recognize who she was. (UNTIL) It was not until she called out my name did I recognize who she was. PART 3: TEST YOURSELF

B. which

C. that

D. whose

C. at

D. for

C. ago

D. already

4. We have English ____ Monday. A. in

B. on

5. I first met him a long time ____. A. after

B. before

6. Wisdom is not a product of schooling but of the lifelong ____ to acquire it.

I. Choose the word whose underlined part is pronounced differently from that of the others.

A. manage

B. hope

C. attempt

D. try

7. Asking the ____ questions can be more important than having the answers.

1. A. genius

B. e-learning

C. email

D. employable

2. A. send

B. these

C. compete

D. complete

8. Lifelong learning is really important to ____ the successful life and career you want and

3. A. choice

B. charge

C. chase

D. chaos

deserve.

4. A. down

B. throw

C. nowadays

D. how

5. A. facilitate

B. education

C. voluntary

D. motivated

6. A. legal

B. level

C. league

D. leader

7. A. plants

B. fields

C. trees

D. newspapers

II. Choose the words that has the different stress from the others.

A. actual

A. invent

B. sure

B. inventing

C. true

C. create

D. right

D. creating

9. ____ anyone call, would you please ask them to call back later? A. If

B. Should

C. When

D. Unless

10. I wish I ____ Bob the money; he spent it all gambling. A. didn't lend

B. wouldn't lend

C. hadn't lent

D. weren't lending

1. A. battery

B. conference

C. oversleep

D. barrier

2. A. landline

B. touchscreen

C. cyber

D. replace

3. A. visible

B. discussion

C. digital

D. seperate

4. A. adequate

B. ultimate

C. convenience

D. genius

5. A. flexibility

B. voluntarily

C. hospitality

D. technological

13. Lifelong learners are ____ to learn and develop because they want to: it is a deliberate and

6. A. initiative

B. interaction

C. self-directed

D. overwhelming

voluntary act.

III. Choose the best one (A, B, C or D) to complete the sentence or replace the underlined word.

11. Teachers have to be very ____ when working with students who have varying needs. A. flexible

B. reliable

C. applicable

D. capable

12. The plane would have landed easily ____ the thick fog. A. unless

A. interested

B. but for

B. motivated

C. because of

C. stimulated

D. due to

D. affected

14. Through reading you will never stop ____ and being amazed by the incredible creativity, and intelligence. A. to understand

B. understanding

C. to learn

D. learning

15. Curiosity and lack of fear of ____ is what distinguishes bright people. A. question

B. realism

C. comment

B. Since

C. Had

D. Did

C. had been enough water

D. were enough water

D. wouldn't

19. The whole of life is learning, therefore, education can have no ____. C. endings

2. Health experts say that regular stretching improves one's ___flexibility___, and reduces injuries. FLEXIBLE

have been

B. lasts

C. needn't have waited

1. Read about ____innovations_____ in the world, read about what others are doing. INNOVATE

18. Without the traffic jam on the high way this morning, I ____ late for the meeting. C. hadn't been

B. mustn't wait

IV. Give the correct form of the word to complete the following sentences.

B. had had enough water

A. stops

D. it made me confused about its

needn't wait

A. would be enough water

B. would have been

C. the main idea of it was not clear to me main idea

A. didn't need to wait

17. If there ____, the rice fields could have been more productive.

A. would be

B. I still couldn't understand its main

26. There was no one else at the post office. I ____ in a queue.

D. criticism

16. ____ you known he was a liar, would you have agreed to support him? A. If

A. it was difficulty for me to understand idea

3. Medical students generally have an ____overwhelming___ amount of homework to do. OVERWHELM 4. The new computer-controlled traffic system should facilitate ____movement____ into the suburbs during rush hour. MOVE

D. finals

5. The ___ultimate____ goal of this course if to make you fluent in English. ULTIMATED

20. If I had listened to my parents, I ____ at this job now. A. wouldn't be working

B. wouldn't have worked

6. Doing volunteer work offers you the _____opportunity____ to get valuable work experience.

C. don't have to work

D. am not working

OPPORTUNATE 7. ___ultimately____ we are responsible for our own learning. ULTIMATE

21. "I have a headache." - "____ you take an aspirin?" A. Why don't

B. Why should

C. What should

8. She took advantage of our _____hospitality____ and stayed a whole month without paying us anything. HOSPITAL

D. What must

22. Without ____ it, he hindered us instead of ____ us. A. realize - help

B. realizing - helping

C. to realize - to help

realizing - to help 23. Lifelong learning can enhance our understanding of the world around us, provide us with more and better ____ and improve our quality of life. A. events

B. occasions

C. opportunities

D. incidents

24. If you ____ to my advice in the first place, you wouldn't be in this mess right now. A. had listened

B. will listen

25. Having read the passage three times, ____.

C. listen

D. listened

9. Adults who are ____motivated_____ enough will overcome the barriers of lifelong learning. MOTIVATIVE 10. The young worker showed a lot of ____initiative____ in making an important decision that was required while his boss was unavailable. INITIATE V. Give the right tense or form of these following verbs. 1. Would your children mind (keep) _____keeping______ quiet for a moment. I'm trying (fill) _____to fill___ in a form. 2. Many people still refuse to believe that smoking is (harm) _____harmful____. 3. I don't like that film. It is very (bore) _____boring______.

4. Picture books are very (help) _____helpful_____ in developing children's habit of reading. 5. His (behave) ______behaviour______ has not improved much. 6. The (pure) _____purity_____ of water will be tested. 7. Sleeping all, eating too much and never going out is (health) ___unhealthy____.

VII. Fill in the blank with a suitable word in the box. Education plays a vital (1) ____ in the development of humanity and society. It directly influences a nation's prosperity, awareness of the world, and ability to change. (2) ____ the tradition of academic excellence in Vietnam and respecting the national education and progressive ideas of the ancestors, President Ho Chi Minh said: "For the sake of ten years, plant

8. To drive fast at an intersection is (danger) ____dangerous____.

trees, for the sake of 100 years, cultivate people".

9. Magnets will (attractive) _____attract______ most metals.

President Ho Chi Minh's education philosophy (3) ____ his own (4) ____ concepts. He said, "Learning is a lifelong ambition. No one can claim to know enough or know all". President

10. She is a (collect) _____collector______ of theater programmers. VI. Choose the underlined words which need correcting then correct the mistake. 1. She asked me if I livein Hanoi. A

UNESCO (5) ____ a new slogan of "lifelong learning" in 1996. However, President Ho

Chi Minh introduced this idea of "lifelong learning" 35 years earlier. The purpose of this

2. If you work hard, you would get good marks. A

comparison highlights the fact that many aspects of Ho Chi Minh's educational philosophy have (6) ____ unchanged because they are so visionary.

In 1996, UNESCO proposed four pillars of education for the twenty-first century, which are: "learn to have knowledge, learn to work, learn to live together, and learn to (7) ____

3. A meetingwill heldnext weekby the committee. A

personality". These four pillars can be (8) ____ as the truth and philosophy of education around

4. Mrs. Lien, whom sings very well, is myteacher of English. A

masses and all classes of people, for the fatherland and mankind." Such a statement reveals the incredible insight of Ho Chi Minh's philosophy and its (10) ____ in the face of global change and

6. I really wish we canmake a trip around the world. A

national renewal.

7. Don't ask me. If I knew the answer, I will tell you right now. A

8. If today was Sunday, we could spend a day outin the country. A

9. Listen to the weather forecast. It says that it would rain tonight. A

10. The man whomwas televised last night is the principle of our school. A

the world in the modern era. In fact, these principles were also proposed by President Ho Chi Minh in September of 1949, on the front page of The Yellow Book, when he (9) ____ Nguyen Ai Quoc National School: "Learn to work, learn to humans, and to be cadres. Learn to serve the

5. The boysare playing soccer over thereare from class 9A. A

Ho Chi Minh was an example of the spirit of lifelong learning: "I am now 71 years old, but I still keep learning every day".

1. A. learner

B. keeper

C. user

D. role

2. A. Acknowledging

B. Taking

C. Processing

D. Reciting

3. A. found

B. realized

C. offered

D. made

4. A. live

B. lively

C. livable

D. visionary

5. A. recognized

B. proposed

C. remembered

D. foretold

6. A. determined

B. provided

C. remained

D. pulled

7. A. shape

B. promote

C. encourage

D. teach

8. A. voluntary

B. improved

C. directed

D. seen

9. A. approved

B. visited

C. believed

D. taken

10. A. access

B. availability

C. persistence

D. responsibility

VIII. Choose the best answer to complete the text. heightens reminded preparation

motivated

alive

seeker

drive

accepted

absorbing

Michael Collins is very lucky. He is crazy about music, and his parents help him a lot by taking him to concerts and arranging private piano and violin lessons for him. They even drive him 50 kilometers twice a week for violin lessons. Michael's mother knows very little about music, but his father plays the trumpet in a large orchestra. However, he never makes Michael enter music competitions if he is unwilling.

cradle

Becoming a (1) ____ seeker ___ of lifelong learning is critical in today's fast-changing

Winston Smith, Michael's friend, however, is not so lucky. Both his parents are

world. Learning is not only a matter of (2) _____ absorbing _____ information but a process of

successful musicians, and they set too high a standard for Winston. They want their son to be as successful as they are and so they enter him for every piano competition held. They are very

developing many other internal skills, like curiosity, perseverance, and the ability to tackle tough

unhappy when he does not win. Winston is always afraid that he will disappoint his parents and

challenges.

now he always seems quiet and unhappy.

Thanks to research in neuroscience and human development, scientists can now explain how learning happens from (3) ____ cradle ______ to grave. It turns out that lifelong learning is a natural part of being (4) ____ alive ____. When we think of scholars like Socrates, Einstein, or Aristotle, we are (5) ____ reminded ______ of great learners and their eternal quest for knowledge. But how do we develop the quest for lifelong learning in children and teens - the internal (6) _____ drive ______ that propels them to embrace the practice of learning throughout a lifetime? As children develop toward adolescence, changes occur in the brain that (7) _____ heightens ______ their abilities to learn. Teens become capable of thinking more critically, solving more complex problems, and weighing difficult decisions. But in order to utilize these new abilities for lifelong learning teens must be internally (8) _____ motivated _____. They must learn because it feels good, not just because they want to get (9) _____ accepted ____ at a good college. The (10) ____ preparation _____ for lifelong learning starts at a young age. IX. Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 1 to 8. If parents bring up a child with the sole aim of turning the child into a genius, they will cause a disaster. According to several leading educational psychologists, this is one of the biggest mistakes which ambitious parents make. Generally, the child will be only too aware of what his parents expect, and will fail. Unrealistic parental expectations can cause great damage to children. However, if parents are not too unrealistic about what they expect their children to do, but are ambitious in a sensible way, the child may succeed in doing very well - especially if the parents are very supportive of their child.

1. One of the serious mistakes parents can make is to ____. A. push their child into trying too much.

B. help their child to become a

genius. C. make their child become a musician.

D. neglect their child's education.

2. Who have criticized the methods of some ambitious parents? A. Successful musicians.

B. Unrealistic parents.

C. Their children.

D. Educational psychologists.

3 Michael Collins is fortunate in that ____. A. his father is a musician.

B. his parents are quite rich.

C. his parents help him in a sensible way.

D. his mother knows little about

music. 4 The phrase "crazy about" in the paragraph 3 mostly means ____. A. surprised at

B. extremely interested in

C. completely unaware of

D. confused about

5. Winston's parents push their son so much and he A. has won a lot of piano competitions.

B. cannot learn much music from

them. C. has become a good musician.

D. is afraid to disappoint them.

6. The word "They" in the paragraph 3 refers to ____. A. Michael's parents concerts

B. violin lessons

C. parents in general

7. All of the following people are musical EXCEPT ____. A. Winston's father

B. Winston's mother

C. Michael's father

D. Michael's

mother 8. The two examples given in the passage illustrate the principle that A. successful parents always have intelligent children.

the due date for an assignment that was clearly listed on the syllabus and the student who cheats on an assignment in spite of careful instructions about plagiarism. As college professors, we have to explain what it means to be an independent college student before we can even begin to teach. As parents and teachers we should expect young people to meet challenges. To encourage them in this direction, we have to step back and let them fail and pick themselves up and move forward. This approach needs to begin at an early

B. successful parents often have unsuccessful children.

age so that college can actually be a passage to independent adulthood.

C. parents should let the child develop in the way he wants.

1. According to the writer, students today are different from those she knew in that they are

D. parents should spend more money on the child's education.

____.

X. Read the following passage and choose among A, B, C or D the correct answer to each of the questions.

A. too ready for college

B. not as mature

C. not so academic

D. responsible for their work

In my experience, freshmen today are different from those I knew when I started as a counselor and professor 25 years ago. College has always been demanding both academically

2. The word "handle" in parapgraph 2 mostly means ____.

and socially. But students now are less mature and often not ready for the responsibility of being in college.

3. According to the writer, students' difficulties to cope with college life are partly due to ____.

A. deal with

B. gain benefits from

C. lend a hand to

D. point at

It is really too easy to point the finger at parents who protect their children from life's

A. the absence of parents' protection

B. the lack of parental support

obstacle. Parents, who handle every difficulty and every other responsibility for their children

C. the over-parenting from parents

D. the lack of financial support

writing admission essays to picking college courses, certainly may contribute to their children's lack of coping strategies. But we can look even more broadly to the social trends of today. How many people do you know who are on medication to prevent anxiety or depression? The number of students who arrive at college already medicated for unwanted emotions has increased dramatically in the past 10 years. We, as a society, don't want to "feel" anything unpleasant and we certainly don't want our children to "suffer". The resulting problem is that by not experiencing negative emotions, one does not learn the necessary skills to tolerate and negotiate adversity. As a psychologist, I am well aware of the fact that some individuals suffer from depression and anxiety and can benefit from treatment, but I question the growing number of medicated adolescents today. Our world is more stressful in general because of the current economic and political realities, but I don't believe that the college experience itself is more intense today than that of the past 10 years. What I do think is that many students are often not prepared to be young "adults" with all the responsibilities of life. What does this mean for college faculty and staff? We are required to assist in the basic parenting of these students - the student who complains that the professor didn't remind her of

4. The phrase "on medication" in paragraph 3 is similar in meaning to ____. A. studying medicine at college

B. doing medical research

C. receiving medical treatment

D. suffering anxiety from depression

5. Which of the following is NOT TRUE according to the passage? A. College faculty and staff are required to help in the parenting of problematic students. B. The college experience itself is more intense today than that of the past 10 years. C. Our world is more stressful because of the current economic and political situation. D. Our society certainly doesn't want our children to experience unpleasant things. 6. Students who are not well-prepared to be young "adults" with all the responsibilities of life will need ____. A. to be assigned more housework from adults responsibilities

B. to be given more social

C. to be encouraged to meet challenges

D. daily coaching from their teachers

7. According to the writer, failure in life and less support from parents will ____.

A. help students to learn to stand on their own feet

21. A. resurrect

B. survive

C. specialise

D. advise

B. allow students to learn the first lesson in their lives

22. A. addicted

C. defeat students from the very beginning

23. A. website

B. solidarity

C. drama

D. media

B. express

C. aspect

D. leaflet

D. discourage students and let them down forever

24. A. unique

B. unity

C. unusual

D. universal

25. A. worker

B. whom

C. interview

D. answer

26. A. honest

B. holiday

C. home

D. happiness

27. A. character

B. teacher

C. chemist

D. technical

I. Find the word which has a different sound in the part underlined.

28. A. interview

B. minute

C. question

D. suitable

1. A. share

B. rare

C. are

D. declare

29. A. explained

B. disappointed

C. prepared

D. interviewed

2. A. cooks

B. loves

C. joins

D. spends

30. A. future

B. mature

C. pasture

D. nature

8. What is probably the writer's attitude in the passage? A. Praising

B. Indifferent

C. Humorous

D. Critical

THE SECOND TERM TEST - KEY

3. A. advises

B. raises

C. devises

D. goes

II. Choose the word which has a different stress pattern from the others.

4. A. teacher

B. children

C. chore

D. school

1. A. adorable

B. ability

C. impossible

D. entertainment

5. A. hurry

B. under

C. pressure

D. rush

2. A. engineer

B. corporate

C. difficult

D. different

6. A. apply

B. university

C. identity

D. early

3. A. popular

B. position

C. horrible

D. positive

7. A. choice

B. achieve

C. each

D. chemistry

4. A. selfish

B. correct

C. purpose

D. surface

8. A. final

B. applicant

C. high

D. decide

5. A. permission

B. computer

C. million

D. perfection

9. A. average

B. indicate

C. application

D. grade

6. A. scholarship

B. negative

C. develop

D. purposeful

10. A. course

B. four

C. our

D. yours

7. A. ability

B. acceptable

C. education

D. hilarious

11. A. secure

B. employable

C. rewarding

D. convenient

8. A. document

B. comedian

C. perspective

D. location

12. A. shadow

B. hospitality

C. overwhelming

D. donation

9. A. provide

B. product

C. promote

D. profess

13. A. career

B. interaction

C. secure

D. fascinating

10. A. different

B. regular

C. achieving

D. property

14. A. habitat

B. applicant

C. activate

D. cyber-attack

11. A. education

B. community

C. development

D. unbreakable

15. A. economy

B. industry

C. qualify

D. priority

12. A. politics

B. deposit

C. conception

D. occasion

16. A. right

B. private

C. communist

D. minority

13. A. prepare

B. repeat

C. purpose

D. police

17. A. measure

B. subsidies

C. domestic

D. hospital

14. A. preface

B. famous

C. forget

D. childish

18. A. though

B. encourage

C. enough

D. country

15. A. cartoon

B. western

C. teacher

D. theater

19. A. improve

B. introduce

C. move

D. lose

16. A. Brazil

B. Iraq

C. Norway

D. Japan

20. A. align

B. prioritize

C. survive

D. bibliography

17. A. scientific

B. ability

C. experience

D. material

18. A. complain

B. luggage

C. improve

D. forgive

A. secretary

B. privacy

C. security

D. accuracy

19. A. offensive

B. delicious

C. dangerous

D. religious

8. Duolingo ____ similarly to a game since its users receive experience points for every correct

20. A. develop

B. adjective

C. generous

D. popular

answer.

21. A. beautiful

B. important

C. delicious

D. exciting

22. A. element

B. regular

C. believing

D. policy

23. A. punctual

B. tolerant

C. utterance

D. occurrence

24. A. expensive

B. sensitive

C. negative

D. sociable

25. A. education

B. development

C. economic

D. preparation

26. A. attend

B. option

C. percent

D. become

27. A. literature

B. entertainment

C. recreation

D. information

28. A. attractive

B. perception

C. cultural

D. expensive

29. A. chocolate

B. structural

C. important

D. national

30. A. cinema

B. position

C. family

D. popular

A. shapes

C. biologist

A. spending

B. active

A. would fail

B. a / an

B. night shift

A. didn't break

D. wouldn't have

B. hadn't broken

C. wouldn't have broken

D. doesn't

elephants in these regions.

D. biologically

A. aware

B. inattentive

C. responsible

D. harmful

13. We should educate people from the young age about the importance of wild animals in maintaining the ____ and biodiversity.

C. action

D. activity

C. the / the

D. an / the

C. household chores

D. special

A. ecosystem

C. farther - less likely

B. species

C. neighborhood

D. ecotourism

14. It is parents' duty and responsibility to ____ hands to take care of their children and give them a happy home. A. shake

B. hold

C. join

D. take boy

15. He is a ____ boy. He is often kind and helpful to every classmate. B. lovely

C. obedient

D. caring

16. Doctors are supposed to ____ responsibility for human life.

5. The ____ north we go, the ____ we are to meet high temperatures. D. farthest -

A. do

B. take

C. rush

D. join

17. Cultural identity is the ____ of being included in a group or culture. A. opinion

6. I asked my sister to tell me what she ____ at the museum. A. had seen

C. won't fail

12. Some African countries are ____ for the population decline as it is legal to sport hunt

A. frank

B. farther - likely

B. wouldn't fail

break

dishes

A. far- less likely least likely

D. doing

11. If Lucy's car ____ down, she would be here by now.

4. Most doctors and nurses have to work on a ____ once or twice a week at the hospital. A. solution

C. taking

failed

3. It is generally believed that "Men make ____ house and women make ____ home". A. Ø / Ø

B. caring

10. If he hadn't wasted too much time, he ____ in his examination.

2. Are you sure that boys are more ____ than girls? A. act

D. works

room after a day of working hard.

1. He has been very interested in doing research on ____ since he was at high school. B. biological

C. succeeds

9. We enjoy ____ time together in the evening when the family members gather in the living

III. Choose the best answer A, B, C or D to complete the sentences.

A. biology

B. arranges

B. has seen

C. had been seeing

D. was seeing

7. Photos and videos shared on Instagram are public unless ____ settings are adjusted.

B. consideration

C. feeling

D. sense

18. Multiculturalism is a system of beliefs and ____ that respects the presence of all diverse groups in a society, and encourages their contribution.

A. reactions

B. benefits

C. functions

D. behaviors

32. The newspapers congratulated the writer ____ producing a very funny show.

D. Make

33. The teacher complimented a grade 1 pupil ____ his good achievement.

19. ____ sure that you follow the instructions carefully. A. Believe

B. Try

A. with

C. Do

20. Sometimes Mr. Pike has to work very late ____ night to do some important experiments. A. in

B. at

C. for

D. on

B. on

C. with

D. over

22. It ____ it is parents' responsibility to take good care of their children. B. commonly to be said that

C. is commonly said that

D. is commonly saying

23. Most children enjoy ____ with their parents and siblings. A. play

B. to play

C. playing

B. more better than

B. responsibility

C. responsibly

B. solvable

C. solutions

B. an

C. the

B. caring

C. suitable

B. went leisurely

D. solvability

B. prepared

D. no article

D. comfortable

B. inspiring

B. ran out of

C. put out

D. put out of

B. accidentally

C. reluctantly

D. responsibly

A. try

B. beverages

B. attempt

C. grains

C. doing

D. special dishes

D. aim

40. Where is Jimmy? - He is ____ work. He is busy ____ his monthly report. B. in / about

C. to / through

D. at / with

41. If your prior bosses or professors are willing to provide a positive ____, ask them for a letter of recommendation. A. idea

B. feeling

C. reference

D. assessment

42. By the end of next year, George ____ English for ten years. C. went quickly

D. dropped by

A. will have learned

B. will learn

C. has learned

D. would learn

43. Without fees or limits, teens can share and text to their heart's content in this app, which many mean they are always ____. C. be busy

D. attempt

31. The highest calling of a true leader is ____ others to reach the highest of their abilities. A. asking

D. what

to ____ kill or harm humans.

A. on / for

30. Billy, come and give me a hand with cooking. A. help

C. that

D. irresponsible

29. She got up late and rushed to the bus stop. A. came into

A. ran out

A. drinks

28. According to the boss, John is the most ____ for the position of executive secretary. A. supportive

B. which

39. Peter tried his best and passed the driving test at the first ____.

27. John is ____ only child in his family so his parents love him a lot. A. a

D. clean

38. What are the ____ of that country? - I think it is some kinds of cheese and sauces.

26. These quick and easy ____ can be effective in the short term, but they have a cost. A. solve

C. arrive

D. very better than

25. You are old enough to take ____ for what you have done. A. responsible

B. encounter

36. It was most embarrassing. We ____ whisky half way through the party.

A. deliberately C. more good than

D. about

37. We need to make sure robots that might world in factories and homes are clever enough not D. played

24. He studies ____ his two brothers. A. much better than

C. due to

D. of

35. Education is ____ remains after one has forgotten everything he learned in school. A. why

A. commonly says that

B. for

C. on

34. Whenever problems come up, we discuss them frankly and find solutions quickly. A. happen

21. Peter was ____ a hurry to go so he did not stop to greet me. A. in

A. on

B. for

C. tolerating

D. offering

A. connected

B. related

C. assimilated

D. maintained

44. Our identity is ____ as a result of how others view us and how we view ourselves. A. constructed

B. drawn

C. designed

D. imagined

45. How is he ____ with his class work these days? A. taking on

B. putting up

A. a C. getting on

D. keeping on

B. so

C. although

D. when

47. We have a responsibility to protect our nation's wildlife, birds, fish and plants on the ____ of extinction. A. bottom

B. border

C. side

D. brink

48. AI isn't writing complicated articles, but it has no problem with very simple articles that don't ____ a lot of synthesis. A. request

C. take

D. require

49. With greatly increased workloads, everyone is ____ pressure now. A. under

B. above

D. out of

B. to wear

C. wearing

D. worn

B. to talk

C. talking

A. more hard-working

B. as hard-working than

C. more hard-working than

D. more hard-working as

53. Education brings ____ and teaches us to live in society with a changing environment. B. maturity

C. ability

D. increase

54. She accepted that she had acted ____ and mistakenly, which broke up her marriage. A. romantically

B. unwisely

C. wisely

D. attractively

55. They decided to divorce and Mary is ____ to get the right to raise the child. A. equal

B. determined

C. obliged

D. active

56. ____ love is ____ very strong feeling of affection towards someone who you are

D. impression - element

A. most noisy

B. The / Ø

C. A / the

57. I fell in ____ love with him because of his kind nature.

B. noisy most

C. the noisiest

D. noisier and noisier

60. His ideas about marriage are quite different ____ mine. B. from

C. for

D. on

61. I believe that he was concerned ____ all those matters which his wife mentioned. B. over

C. upon

D. above

62. Everyone has been more ____ less the same from the point of view of satisfaction. B. and

C. nor

D. but

63. In order to be an effective learner you need to be ____ and use different approaches to suit A. adaptable

D. Ø / a

B. suitable

C. acceptable

D. available

64. Learning through experience, not just from books, is one of the best ways to give youth the ____ they need for lifelong learning. A. practices

B. performances

C. details

D. skills

65. For the last ten years, engineers ____ noise levels in Britain's cities. A. have been measured

B. have been measuring

C. has measured

D. have been measurement

66. Women always feel moved when they find somebody who understands, them ____ they know themselves. A. better as

B. more better than

C. better than

D. as better than

67. Although they are twins, they have almost the same appearance but they are seldom in ____. A. agree

romantically or sexually attracted to. A. The / the

C. impression - factor 59. Life in cities are getting ____.

the circumstances. D. talked

52. The worker was ____ his boss expected, so he was offered a raise.

A. quality

B. affection - factor

A. or

51. Sometimes I do not feel like ____ to my sibling about my troubles. A. talk

A. affection - element

A. with

C. upon

50. We are not allowed ____ jeans at school. A. wear

D. Ø

58. A covering letter is vital in creating a good first ____ and can be a key in getting you invited

A. with B. ask

C. the

to a job interview.

46. Forgive us ____ we forgive our enemies. A. as

B. an

B. agreeable

C. agreement

D. agreeably

68. The more ____ and positive you look, the better you will feel. A. confide

B. confident

C. confidently

D. confidence

IV. Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct answer to each of thequestions from 1 to 8.

2. The word "inconsequential" in paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to ____. A. unimportant

Earth is richly supplied with different types of living organisms which co-exist in their environments, forming complex, interrelated communities. Living organisms depend on one another for nutrients, shelter, and other benefits. The extinction of one species can set off a chain

B. unavoidable

C. unexpected

A. There might be a lack of food resources for some other species.

reaction that affects many other species particularly if the loss occurs near the bottom of the food

B. Animals will shift to another food chain in the community.

chain. For example, the extinction of a particular insect or plant might seem inconsequential. However, there may be fish or small animals that depend on that resource for foodstuffs. The

C. Larger predators will look for other types of prey.

loss can threaten the survival of these creatures and larger predators that prey upon them. Extinction can have a ripple effect that spreads throughout nature. In addition to its biological consequences, extinction poses a moral dilemma for humans, the only species capable of saving the others. The presence of humans on the planet has affected all other life forms, particularly plants and animals. Human lifestyles have proven to be incompatible with the survival of some other species. Purposeful efforts have been made to eliminate animals that prey on people livestock crops, or pose any threat to human livelihoods. Some wild animals have been decimated by human desire for meat, hides, fur, or other body parts with commercial value. Likewise, demand for land, water, and other natural resources has left many wild plants and animals with little to no suitable habitat. Humans have also affected nature by introducing non-native species to local areas and producing pollutants having a negative impact on the environment. The combination of these human related effects and natural obstacles such as disease or low birthrates has proven to be too much for some species to overcome. They have no chance of survival without human help. As a result, societies have difficult choices to make about the amount of effort and money

D. unrecognizable

3. Which of the following can result from the loss of one species in a food chain?

D. The connections among the creatures in the food chain become closer. 4. The word "They" in paragraph 2 refers to ____. A. natural obstacles

B. low birthrates

C. some species

D. human-related

effects 5. In paragraph 2, non-native species are mentioned as ____. A. an achievement of human beings

B. a harmful factor to the

environment C. a kind of useful plants

D. a kind of harmless animals

6. The word "perish" in paragraph 3 is closest in meaning to ____. A. disappear

B. complete

C. remain

D. develop

7. According to the passage, which of the following statements is NOT true? A. Some animals and plants cannot survive without human help. B. No other species can threaten the survival of humans on Earth.

they are willing to spend to save imperiled species. Will people accept limits on their property

C. The existence of humans is at the expense of some other species.

rights, recreational activities, and means of livelihood to save a plant or an animal? Should saving such popular species as whales and dolphins take priority over saving obscure, annoying,

D. Humans have difficult choices to make about saving endangered species. 8. Which of the following can be inferred from the passage?

or fearful species? Is it the responsibility of humans to save every kind of life form from disappearing, or is extinction an inevitable part of nature, in which the strong survive and the

A. Animal and plant species which pose threats to humans will die out soon.

weak perish? These are some difficult questions that people face as they ponder the fate of other

B. Humans will make changes in their lifestyles to save other species.

species living on this planet.

C. The dilemma humans face between maintaining their lives and saving other species

1. What does the passage mainly discuss?

remains.

A. The importance of living organisms

B. Causes of animal extinction

C. Humans and endangered species species

D. Measures to protect endangered

D. Saving popular animal and plant species should be given a high priority. V. Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 1 to 8.

The oceans are so vast and deep that until fairly recently, it was widely assumed that no matter how much trash and chemicals humans dumped into them, the effects would be

A. Marine pollution and its many forms marine life

B. Noise and its disruptive effects on

negligible. Proponents of dumping in the oceans even had a catchphrase: "The solution to

C. Various kinds of harmful pollutants

D. The end of the "dilution" era

pollution is dilution." Today, we need look no further than the New Jersey-size dead zone that forms each summer in the Mississippi River Delta, or the thousand-mile-wide swath of decomposing plastic in the northern Pacific Ocean to see that this "dilution" policy has helped place a once flourishing ocean ecosystem on the brink of collapse. There is evidence that the oceans have suffered at the hands of mankind for millennia. But recent studies show that degradation, particularly of shoreline areas, has accelerated dramatically in the past three centuries as industrial discharge and run-off from farms and coastal cities have increased. Pollution is the introduction of harmful contaminants that are outside the norm for a given ecosystem, Common man-made pollutants reaching the oceans include pesticides, herbicides, chemical fertilizers, detergents, oil, sewage, plastics, and other solids. Many of these pollutants collect at the ocean's depths, where they are consumed by small marine organisms and introduced into the global food chain. Many ocean pollutants are released into the environment far upstream from coastlines. Nitrogen-rich fertilizers applied by farmers inland, for example, end up in local streams, rivers, and groundwater and are eventually deposited in estuaries, bays, and deltas. These excess

2. The word "negligible" in paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to ____. A. serious

B. insignificant

C. unpredictable

A. dealing with the problems of water pollution B. helping the ecosystem of the oceans flourish C. neglecting the effects of dumping trash into the oceans D. treating harmful materials in the oceans properly 4. The word "they" in paragraph 4 refers to ____. A. ocean's depths

B. man-made pollutants

C. marine organisms

D. the

oceans 5. The word "spawn" in paragraph 5 can be best replaced by ____. A. appear

B. prevent

C. produce

D. limit

6. According to the passage, nitrogen-rich fertilizers ____. A. are created by massive blooms of algae

nutrients can spawn massive blooms of algae that rob the water of oxygen, leaving areas where little or no marine life can exist.

B. cause a shortage of oxygen in the ocean water

Solid wastes like bags, foam, and other items dumped into the oceans from land or by ships at sea are frequently consumed, with often fatal effects, by marine mammals, fish, and

D. cannot be found inland

birds that mistake them for food. Discarded fishing nets drift for many years, ensnaring fish and

D. positive

3. It can be inferred from paragraph 2 that the "dilution" policy is related to ____.

C. do not relate to the disappearance of marine life

7. Which of the following statements is NOT supported in the passage?

mammals. In certain regions, ocean currents corral trillions of decomposing plastic items and

A. Many pollutants deposited in the oceans finally become part of the global food chain.

other trash into gigantic, swirling garbage patches. One in the North Pacific, known as the Pacific Trash Vortex, is estimated to be the size of Texas.

B. It is apparent that the oceans have been polluted for a long time.

Pollution is not always physical. In large bodies of water, sound waves can carry undiminished for miles. The increased presence of loud or persistent sounds from ships, sonar devices, oil rigs, and even from natural sources like earthquakes can disrupt the migration, communication, and reproduction patterns of many marine animals, particularly aquatic

C. Industrial wastes and agricultural run-off are blamed for the degradation of the oceans. D. The oceans in the past were more contaminated than they are now. 8. Whales and dolphins are mentioned in the final paragraph as an example of marine creatures that ____.

mammals like whales and dolphins.

A. can communicate with each other via sound waves

1. What does the passage mainly discuss?

B. can survive earthquakes because of their large bodies

C. suffer from loud or persistent sounds at sea

B. nuclear energy

D. are forced to migrate because of water pollution

C. solar power

VI. Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correctanswer to each of the questions from 1 to 7. Sunlight is solar energy. Sunlight is needed for growing plants that you eat to get energy. Sunlight is also used to make clean electricity. Burning fossil fuels to make electricity pollutes our atmosphere and rivers. Fossil fuels are expensive and limited sources of energy. Nuclear fission is used to create enormous amount of heat and electricity. However, nuclear fission forms dangerous radioactive waste. Sunlight offers many ways to get energy. A window can allow warm sunlight into your room. Solar water-heating systems can use sunlight to warm the water for your home, swimming pool and school. Sunlight also warms the Earth and causes wind. Electricity can be made by wind generators. Photovoltaic, or PV system use a type of material that converts sunlight into electricity. PV systems can power your air conditioner or a satellite like the International Space Station PV systems are also used to run a calculator, recharge cell phone, or even power lightweight cars. Sunlight is also changed into electricity by concentrating solar power or CSP systems. CSP systems have mirrors that focus the sunlight. The concentrated sunlight turns water into steam which turns a turbine that is connected to an electric generator. A CSP system usually uses sunlight to make steam. CSP power plants can store large amount of heat. The stored heat is used to make electricity at night. During cloud days, many CSP plants can also bum natural gas to provide the heat that is used to turn water into steam. Sunlight provides the energy needed to grow plants and make large amount of environmentally friendly heat and electricity. Solar energy can provide power today and for a

D. fuel formed from the energy of the wind 3. The drawback of nuclear fission is that ____. A. it sends out energy in the form of rays that can be harmful B. it is costly C. it releases smoke D. it is time-consuming to be formed 4. To help the readers understand some of the benefits of solar energy, the author ____. A. provides a list of solar energy projects B. lists in chronological order the invention of various systems that gather energy of sunlight C. describes in detail how a PV system works D. briefly compares and contrasts the differences in using fossil fuels nuclear fission and solar energy in electric power systems 5. Which of the following statements is NOT true? A. Fossil fuel supplies are unlimited. B. Solar energy is the energy that comes from the sun. C. PV systems provide electricity for the International Space Station. D. A CSP power plant can produce steam even at night. 6. In the third paragraph, the word "convert" is closest in meaning to ____.

long time in the future.

A. change form one religion to another

B. transform

1. This article is mainly about ____.

C. exchange for something equal in value

D. converse

A. Human using sunlight to stay warm B. The need to develop new technology for solar power system

7. In the fourth paragraph, the word "which" refers to ____. A. water

B. steam

C. sunlight

D. solar power

C. How the energy of sunlight is used

VII. Choose the word or phrase among A, B, C or D that best fits the blank space in

D. How solar energy can provide power for transportation systems

the following passage.

2. In the first paragraph, the word "fossil fuels" in line 2 means ____. A. fuels formed millions of years from the remains of animals and plants

Some animals don't have to worry very much about other animals. For example, lions, tigers, and bears don't usually have to (1) ____ other animals. Most animals don't dare attack

them, because they're big, strong, and (2) ____. Instead, the other animals have to be afraid of them.

those asked said that they constantly (3) ____ an eye on other job opportunities, (4) ____ they are fairly happy in their existing jobs. A high number of London workers say that they are

Other animals aren't as strong, so they have to worry about predators. A predator is an animal that hunts and kills other animals. The weaker animals have other ways to (3) ____. Some

always on the (5) ____, although they are content and motivated in their current position.

of them hide, some of them stay in big groups, and some of them have other methods.

what's available, and 53 per cent said that they had applied for a job or (7) ____ with an

Job seekers find that the Internet (6) ____ them with a quick and easy way to find out

Some animals use camouflage. Camouflage is a way of blending (4) ____ with the

employment agency in the past 12 months. This proactive (8) ____ means that people can look

environment and becoming hard to see. For example, one lizard called the flat-tail horned lizard uses camouflage. It lives in the desert, (5) ____ the ground is light brown. Therefore, the lizard

for a perfect job match with the (9) ____ of effort. But while this is good for job hunters, the growing lack of company loyalty could (10) ____ up being a big problem for employers. Perhaps

has light brown skin. If you were walking by, you probably wouldn't (6) ____ it. Then, of course, there's the world number one camouflage master the chameleon. The chameleon can change its

surprisingly, the biggest factor attracting job seekers was not more money, but challenging and

colour to (7) ____ whatever surface it's on.

1. A. gone

B. over

C. finished

D. done

interesting work.

Other animals have different (8) ____. Gazelles always jump very high. Scientists believe

2. A. actual

B. real

C. right

D. true

that they do this to show lions that they are very fast. They want the lions to (9) ____ them alone and chase slower animals.

3. A. keep

B. place

C. hold

D. put

4. A. as well

B. so that

C. even if

D. just as

The animal world is a(n) (10) ____ and dangerous place. That is why every animal has developed its own special ways to stay alive.

5. A. lookout

B. pursuit

C. watch

D. search

6. A. provides

B. delivers

C. fulfils

D. serves

7. A. appointed

B. registered C. recorded

D. engaged

8. A. manner

B. custom

C. approach

D. style

9. A. minimum

B. least

C. smallest

D. lowest

10. A. run

B. come

C. lead

sD. end

1. A. frighten

B. worry

C. dare

D. fear

2. A. dangerous

B. unharmed

C. endangered

D. harmful

3. A. evolve

B. attack

C. survive

D. adopt

4. A in

B. with

C. for

D. at

5. A. that

B. where

C. which

D. when

IX. Choose the word or phrase among A, B, C or D that best fits the blank space in the following passage.

6. A. realize

B. hear

C. notice

D. feel

7. A. match

B. suit

C. blend

D. go

8. A. successes

B. plans

C. processes

D. strategies

In recent years, job markets have become so competitive that choosing the right (1) ____ path has become crucial for many young people. The goal of most young people is a good to find

9. A. remain

B. leave

C. stop

D. start

a (2) ____ that offer some decent benefits. The most basic of these is a good (3) ____ but also

10. A. unlucky

B. strong

C. tough

D. demanding

includes such things as paid holiday leave, health insurance and a pension fund. But often the

VIII. Choose the word or phrase among A, B, C or D that best fits the blank space in the following passage. Once upon a time, people left school or university, joined a company andstayed with it until they retired. The concept of a job for life is now long (1) ____, and nowadays many employees find it hard to stay loyal to their companies for even a relatively short period of time. According to recent survey, this is particularly (2) ____ in London, where more than half of

reality is somewhat different. Many young people are having to work for a low (4) ____ of pay, with no extra payment for (5) ____ and with the threat that they could be (6) ____ redundant at any time. It's no wonder that there is low confidence among many (7) ____ these days. This had led a growing number of young people to show their personal qualities and start up their own businesses offering a whole range of (8) ____ to people who live in their (9) ____ communities. It requires a lot of (10) ____ and some luck but is can pay off in the end.

1. A. job

B. career

C. vocation

D. occupation

2. A. station

B. spot

C. position

D. location

3. A. salary

B. earnings

C. return

D. compensation

4. A. figure

B. charge

C. rate

D. cost

5. A. functions

B. work

C. occasions

D. overtime

6. A. taken

B. forced

C. made

D. done

7. A. assistants

B. employees

C. bosses

D. labours

8. A. services

B. proposals

C. suggestions

D. projects

9. A. close

B. nearby

C. local

D. residential

10. A. exercise

B. strain

C. force

D. effort