-11. Even though it had been snowing all day, a great many people managed to get to the end-ofterm concert. A. Very few people indeed were prevented from getting to the end-of-term concert by the heavy snow. Chọn câu đồng nghĩa với một câu cho sẵn là một phần trong cấu trúc của đề thi vào các trường Đại học và Cao đẳng. Tập sách này là bộ sưu tập gồm 1000 câu như thế. Để làm tốt dạng bài tập này và để có thể chọn câu trả lời đúng, chính xác, học sinh cần dùng phương pháp loại trừ dựa trên các đặc điểm sau:
B. Since there had been snow all day long it wasn’t easy for people to get to the end-of-term concert. C. As it had been snowing heavily all day, a great many people just could not get to the end-of-term concert. D. A lot of people did get to the end-of-term concert in spite of the snow that fell all day.
1) Chọn lựa sai thường chỉ chứa một phần nghĩa của câu cho sẵn.
2. If there hadn't been such a strong wind, it would not have been so difficult to put out the fire.
2) Chọn lựa sai có thể lệch ngữ cảnh: câu cho sẵn kể chuyện quá khứ, nhưng chọn lựa sai lại nói chuyện hiện tại hoặc tương lai; trường hợp này dễ nhận biết để có thể loại trừ ngay.
A. It was the strong wind which made it difficult for us to put out the fire.
3) Chọn lựa sai có thể đúng về ý nhưng sai lệch về cấu trúc ngữ pháp (sai dạng động từ, sai trật tự từ hoặc phép dùng từ).
B. When a strong wind began to blow it was even more difficult to control the fire, C. If the wind hadn’t been so strong, it would have been much easier to put out the fire. D. As the wind was really very strong, it took them a long time to put out the fire.
Ngoài ra, câu cho sẵn có thể là một thành ngữ và chỉ một trong bốn lựa chọn là câu giải thích đúng nghĩa nhất, đây là trường hợp dễ gây lúng túng nếu học sinh không rõ nghĩa của thành ngữ.
3. This material is suitable for students of eighteen years and up.
Phần đáp án sẽ giúp người tự học, trong trường hợp chọn sai, tự lí giải để rút kinh nghiệm làm dạng bài tập này.
B. The material is suitable for students who are over eighteen.
Hi vọng tập sách giúp ích phần nào cho các thí sinh đang chuẩn bị cho những kì thi quan trọng sắp đến và cho các bạn đồng nghiệp, độc giả có thêm tư liệu để tham khảo.
D. Only 18-year-old students will find this material suitable.
Người sưu lập và tuyển chọn VĨNH BÁ
A. Students of eighteen years and over can use this material. C. The material may be suitable for students of over eighteen years of age. 4. I couldn't help admiring the way he managed to Finish the programme even after such a bad fall. A. In spite of the fall, he should have finished the programme and we could have admired him for that. B. It was really a very bad fall, but somehow he was still able to finish the programme and I had to admire him for that. C.The way he finished the programme was certainly admirable, as the fall had shaken him up badly. D. I really admire the wav he got up after the fall and completed the programme. 5. Everyone in our class Is doing something at the end-of-term concert, but Mary alone is staying away. A. Mary is the only one in our class who isn’t taking part in the end-of-term concert. B. No one in our class but Mary is taking part in the end-of-term concert. C. Everyone in Mary’s class hopes to do something at the end-of-term concert. D. The class wants Mary to play in the concert at the end-of-term, but she won’t. 6. I have read nearly all of Dickens's novels and A Tale of Two Cities is my favourite. A. In my opinion, A Tale of Two Cities is quite the best of all the novels by Dickens.
B. Of all the novels by Dickens that I have read, and that’s most of them, A Tale Of Two Cities remains my favorite.
13. Mary feit quite certain that her sister would stand by her, but in the end she didn't.
C. I’ve read a lot more novels by Dickens and still think A Tale of Two Cities is the best.
B. Mary didn’t expect her own sister to let her down like that.
D. I’ve read a great many novels but haven’t enjoyed any as much as Dickens’s A Tale of Two Cities.
C. Mary was confident that she would have her sister’s support, but as it turned out she let her down.
7. I wasn't early enough to find anyone at home awake.
D. It came as a terrible shock to Mary when her own sister turned against her like that.
A. I didn’t expect to find anyone awake when I got home. B. When I got home, I found everyone awake, waiting for me. C. When I got home late, I used to find my family sleeping. D. By the time I arrived home, everyone had gone to sleep.
A. Mary had hoped that her sister would come to her aid, but she never did.
14. Our system is that the losing side pays for the hire of the basketball court. A. If our side loses, then we will have to pay for the hire of the basketball court. B. With us it’s the winners, not the losers who have to pay for the hire of the basketball court. C. The losers obviously expect the winning side to pay for the hire of the basketball court.
8. I'd have worn the right shoes if I'd known we were going to do all this climbing.
D. The way we do it is, whichever side loses, that side pays for the hire of the basketball court.
A. I’d have gone on the climb if I’d been wearing the right shoes.
15. We were going to take a holiday in Haiti and had already booked our flight
B. If only I’d been wearing suitable shoes, I would have enjoyed the climb.
A. Our flight to Haiti was cancelled, so the holiday we had booked went to waste.
C. As I didn’t realize there was going to be so much climbing, I didn’t come in suitable shoes.
B. We had planned a vacation in Haiti and had even made our flight arrangements.
D. I didn’t realize that these shoes weren’t right for climbing in.
C. We couldn’t go to Haiti in the end because we forgot to make arrangement for the flight in advance.
9. By modem standards, the first supermarkets were really quite small. A. Compared with what we have now, the early supermarkets weren’t actually very large at all.
D. We decided against a holiday in Haiti in spite of having paid for our plane tickets.
B. The early supermarkets and the present-day ones are quite different from each other, even in size.
16. No one but the experts was able to realize that the painting was an imitation, as it greatly resembled the original.
C. Present-day supermarkets are on the whole larger than the early ones.
A. It was obvious that only a person with great talent could fake a painting so successfully.
D. Supermarkets have grown in size since they were first introduced, but their standards remain the same.
B. It was hard for ordinary people to judge between the fake painting and the real one, but not for the experts.
10. I just can't understand why so few people are interested in this camping holiday.
C. It was almost impossible for amateurs to realize that the painting was not authentic, though the experts could judge it quite easily.
A. I find it surprising that there aren’t fewer people interested in such a camping holiday. B. Hardly anyone wants to go on this camping holiday, which I find strange. C. It’s hardly surprising that so few people are interested in this camping holiday. D. To my surprise almost no one was interested in such a camping holiday.
D. The painting looked so much like the authentic one that only the experts could tell it wasn’t genuine. 17. You could not have made a very good impression on them.
11. Let's go shopping sometime mid-week, it gets so crowded at the weekends.
A. You seem to have impressed them very unfayourably.
A. I always like to shop mid-week as everywhere is so crowded at weekends.
B. It’s impossible that the effect you made on them was particularly positive, C. Something appears to have made them think you are unsuitable.
B. I find it impossible to shop at weekends because there are so many people everywhere. C. I suggest we avoid the weekend and do our shopping in the middle of the week when it’s quieter. D. The best time to go shopping is midweek when it is usually reasonably quiet. 12. You can rely on Pat to give you any help you may need. A. If you need help of any kind, be sure to let Pat know. B. Let Pat know if you need any help with this. C. Pat is the one to ask if you find you require any assistance. D. Should you require any assistance, you can count on Pat for it.
D. You should have tried harder to make them think well of you. 18. No sooner had Marion begun her new job than she knew she had made a mistake. A. As soon as Marion started working, she realized that her decision had not been a good one. B. Had Marion not just begun a new job she would have gone looking for a better one. C. Just before Marion took up her new post, she realized that she didn't was not suited for it. D. Since Marion did not like her new job she began looking for one more suitable to her. 19. In spite of feeling confident about her university entrance exams, Jane did very poorly.
A. Jane should have done better than she actually did on her university entrance exams.
B. The new restaurant would have more customers if it looked better.
B. Jane’s confidence in her ability to pass her university entrance exams was not justified by her results.
C. If it had a few more customers, the new restaurant would look better.
C. Jane was sure that she would do well when she took her university entrance exams, and indeed her results were quite good. D. Jane failed her university entrance exams despite being especially wellprepared. 20. Diesel fuel is normally a petroleum product, but good quality diesel fuel can be synthesized from vegetable oil and alcohol.
D. In spite of its pleasant appearance, the new restaurant does not appear to attract much business. 25. Laurence has hardly worked since he graduated from university three myears ago. A. Laurence has been working hard for the past three years since graduating from university. B. If Laurence had worked harder in university, he would have found work after he graduated three years ago. C. Laurence has done very little work during the three years since he graduated from university.
A. Whereas most diesel fuel is derived from petroleum, alcohol and oil from vegetables can also be used to produce a fine diesel fuel.
D. It has been hard for Laurence to find work since three years ago, when he graduated from university.
B. Artificial diesel fuel made from vegetable oil and alcohol is not as good as petroleum-based diesel fuel.
26. No one without a good knowledge of English has much chance of succeeding in international finance.
C. It might be possible to make a substitute for petroleum-based diesel fuel by using vegetable oil and alcohol.
A. Ability in English is almost essential to success in the field of global finance. B. Without a good knowledge of English and international finance, you are a nobody.
D. There is no difference between natural diesel fuel made from petroleum and the artificial kind made from alcohol and vegetable oil.
C. Even an exceptional knowledge of English is not enough to assure success in international finance.
21. Although I do not claim to be much good at it, I enjoy playing basketball in my free time.
D. If you want to go into international finance, it would be a good idea to learn English.
A. If only I were better at it, I would have more fun playing basketball.
27. Mary should never have been allowed to try to swim in the sea alone. A. When Mary left to swim in the sea alone, she said she knew what she was doing.
B. I have a lot of fun playing basketball in my spare time despite not being able to describe myself as a very skillful player.
B. It would probably be wrong to let Mary swim in the sea on her own.
C. I’m sure 1 would enjoy playing basketball much more if I could play it.
C. No one could have stopped Mary from trying to swim in the sea by herself.
D. I quite enjoy playing basketball in my free time, probably because I am actually quite good at it.
D. Someone ought to have stopped Mary from attempting to swim in the sea on her own.
22. Sean, a distant acquaintance of mine, has recently had his first novel accepted for publication.
A. If it weren’t for the heavy snow, you would notice how much further the bus had to go.
A. I have a good friend named Sean who is a successful novelist.
28. Due to the heavy snow, all buses have been cancelled until further notice. B. The buses would not have been cancelled if only it had not snowed so much.
B. Sean, a friend of mine, had his first novel published not long ago.
C. Snow has caused the buses to stop running, though there will be an announcement of when they will start up again.
C. The first novel of Sean, whom I know only distantly, was agreed to be published a short time ago.
D. If this snow keeps up, there will be an announcement to declare that the buses will no longer run.
D. Sean used his acquaintance with me to help him get his first novel published. 23. I envy Jack, as he seems to accomplish everything so effortlessly. A. I wish I could get things done as easily as Jack does. B. Jack makes everything look easy which is not the case for me at all. C. I am envious of Jack since he has accomplished so much. D. I’m jealous of Jack because he seems to have everything easy. 24. The new restaurant looks good, yet it seems to have few customers. A. In order to get more business, the new restaurant should improve its appearance.
29. Having gone to sleep early, she was well rested for her exam the next day. A. As part of her preparation for her exam, she went to bed at a particularly early hour the night before. B. As she had not stayed up late the night before her exam, she got a good amount of sleep to prepare her for the next day’s exam, C. She should have made sure to get more sleep before her exam the following day. D. Had she gone to bed earlier, she would have been better rested for her exam the following day. 30. As long as you stay calm, you have nothing to fear from the interview. A. You have remained calm for a long time in spite of your fear of the interview.
B. Interview's are only intimidating for people who are not extremely calm. C. Provided you do not get nervous, the interview won’t go badly for you. D. Even if you are afraid of the interview, it is important not to let it show. 31. No matter how hard he tried, Mike could not make sense of his economics textbook.
their grief. . A. Apparently, the family have taken a very long time to deal with their sorrow. B. It appears to me that the family will take some time before they are able to cope with their sorrow. C. As far as I can see, the family have been suffering now for quite some time.
A. If Mike had studied harder, he would have been able to comprehend what was in his economics textbook.
D. The only thing that will heal this family’s suffering, as we can all see, is time.
B. In spite of his efforts, Mike was unable to understand the contents of his economics textbook.
37. It was only after she had overcome her shyness that she started to make same friends.
C. Mike could not understand his economics textbook because he hardly tried to at all. D. It was impossible for Mike to understand his economics textbook without making a great effort.
A. Until she overcame it, her shyness had prevented her from making friends with anyone.
32. It's more than a couple of years since I last went there. A. I have never stayed there for longer than two years. B. It was only after two years that I went there again. C. I haven’t been there since my visit over two years ago. D. I had never been there until the year before last. 33. He never sings except when he's taking a shower in the morning, A. It is very rare to hear him singing out of the shower in the morning. B. Unless he is taking a shower in the morning, it is impossible to hear him singing, C. He thinks that singing when you take a shower is a very common occurrence. D. Whenever he goes into the bathroom for a shower, he starts to sing. 34. In spite of the recent improvements in the political situation, Nigeria still has a long way to go before it returns to full democracy. A. Although the political situation in Nigeria has never appeared more hopeless,
B. As her shyness gradually' decreased, more people wanted to be friends with her. C. Before becoming less shy, nobody had wanted to be friends with her. D. Her ability to make friends helped her to overcome her shyness. 38. Since the 1960s, water pollution has increased, leading to a reduction in the number of fish species. A. Despite sea pollution dating back to the 1960s, the number of fish in the seas has increased. B. There was a sharp decrease in the number of fish because of a sudden rise in sea pollution in the 1960s. C. Sea water was cleaner and there were more varieties of fish before the 1960s. D. The drop in the number of fish in the sea is directly connected with the increase in sea pollution. 39. He allowed his garden to become overrun with weeds during the time that he was focusing on growing his business.
there are still some people who long for a return to full democracy.
A. He didn’t notice that his garden needed weeding because he was too busy concentrating on his business.
B. Following recent developments for the better, Nigeria now looks poised for a return to democracy in the near future.
B. When building a business up, it is easy to become tied down with work and neglect domestic chores such as weeding the garden.
C. The political situation in Nigeria has been so bad recently that a return to full democracy appears to be hopeless.
C. He shouldn't have left his garden unattended while he tried to expand his company.
D. Nigeria’s government has changed for the better recently, but they still have a lot to do before complete democracy is achieved. 35. So far during their stay at this hotel, that couple have done nothing but complain. A. All that couple have done since they arrived at this hotel is complain. B. Throughout their time at this hotel, that couple have had no complaints.
D. While concentrating on expanding his company, he let his garden become overgrown with weeds. 40. He should have been writing his research paper, not playing games on his Playstation. A. He knew he ought to write his research paper, yet he still spent some time playing games on his Playstation.
C. Up until now, that couple haven’t had anything to complain about at this hotel.
B. He would much rather have been playing games on his Playstation than writing his research paper.
D. Since they got to this hotel, nothing has caused that couple to complain.
C. He was playing on his Playstation when he was supposed to be writing his research paper.
36. I get the impression that it will take some time for the family to overcome
D. He could have been playing a game on his Playstation, rather than writing his research paper.
41. By the times had got up the courage to ask her to marry me, she was engaged to somebody else. A. At the moment I felt brave enough to propose to her, I learnt that she had already promised to marry another man. B. Before I felt brave enough to propose to her, she had agreed to marry another man. C. Just when I asked her to marry me, she accepted an engagement to another man. D. I offered her a proposed of marriage, but she said she was already engaged to someone else. 42. Unless they comply with the rules, they won't be allowed back into the dub. A. As long as they refuse to behave, it doesn’t seem possible for them to be accepted into the club. B. They can go to the club once more, but only if they obey the rules. C. They can’t enter the club because they have violated the rules. D. They can only enter the club again if they behave in accordance with the rules. 43. You're not obliged to sign the contract now, but a delay may mean losing the position. A. The company offering the contract would like you to think carefully before signing the document. B. The job will certainly be given to somebody less hesitant if you do not sign at once. C. You do not have to sign the contract immediately, but the company doesn’t promise to reserve the job for you. D. You must wait before signing a contract even if you feel you should accept employment straightaway.
B. The way you informed her about her dismissal from work needn’t have been so direct. C. Since you were careful about the way you informed her, she wasn’t really hurt because of her dismissal from work. D. She wouldn’t have been so upset if you had been more tactful when informing her about her being dismissed. 47. Everybody believes that he shouldn't have trusted the people around him so much. A. He was so credulous that all the people around him could easily deceive him. B. He now admits that some of the people around him didn’t deserve to be trusted at all. C. Nobody thinks that any of the people around him are honest enough to be trusted. D. The general opinion is that he made a mistake by having so much faith in the people around him. 48. The government couldn't have passed this law without the support of several members from the opposition. A. Only a few members from the opposition supported the law, so the government couldn’t pass it. B. I don’t believe that the government will be able to pass this law if some members from the opposition don’t back it. C. The government was only able to pass this law because some members from the opposition backed it. D. The government managed to pass the law even without the support of any members from the opposition. 49. He needn't have hurried as the meeting didn't start until quite a while after the time for which it had been planned.
44. When he returned home years later, with so many changes to the house, he was barely able to recognize it.
A. The meeting started rather later than scheduled, so it wasn’t necessary for him to hurry.
A. He found it hard to identify the house after his long absence as it did not look the same at all.
B. There was no need for him to hurry because he had plenty of time before the scheduled time of the meeting.
B. He completely changed the appearance of his house a few years after he came home. C. As it looked totally different, he couldn’t find his old house when he went back to visit. D. Because he was unfamiliar with the area, it was difficult for him to locate his old home. 45. From the look on your face, I'm sure this is the first time you've eaten Indian food. A. The expression on your face makes it clear that you’ll never eat Indian food again. B. I don’t think you like Indian food as there is a strange look on your face. C. What I understand from the look on your face is that this won’t be the last time you eat Indian food. D. You can’t have tried Indian food before, as far as I can gather from the expression on your face. 46. You could have been more tactful to her when you broke the news of her dismissal from work. A. How you broke the news to her did not matter so much, as being dismissed from work would upset her anyway.
C. He didn’t need to hurry as he already knew that the meeting wouldn’t start as scheduled. D. He wouldn’t have arrived at the meeting on time if he hadn’t hurried. 50. I'd suggest that we avoid telling any scary stories with Janet around, since she's a bit unstable and could get hysterical. A. Janet has trouble keeping her emotions under control, especially when she is told frightening stories. B. Since Janet is somewhat unbalanced, the only way to make her laugh is by telling stories, but we should avoid scary ones as they might cause her to panic. C. It is no fun to tell frightening stories to Janet, who is not very stable mentally, because she only laughs instead of getting scared. D. Janet is somewhat mentally unbalanced and might easily become uncontrollably emotional, so let’s not tell frightening stories in her presence.
severe reaction or even death.
-2-
A. Allergies to bee-stings usually result in the death of the person stung, but sometimes they survive.
1. He might have forgotten the place you'd arranged to meet at.
B. Bees can cause extreme allergies in people, some of whom may even die as a result, C. A person who is allergic to bees might get very ill and can possibly die if stung.
A. Perhaps he didn’t remember where you were going to meet. B. You planned to meet him at a place that he’d forgotten about, C. He didn’t remember meeting you at that place. D. He couldn’t remember where the meeting place was. 2. Ian has no intention of coming to the party, so we may as wets not invite him. A. None of us wants Ian to be at the party, so we aren’t inviting him. B. Let’s not invite Ian to the party unless he promises to come. C. As he doesn’t mean to come anyway, we needn’t ask Ian to the party. D. Because he never wants to come, we never ask Ian to parties with us. 3. The holiday might have been cheaper, but at least we were fortunate with the weather. A. We didn’t realize the holiday would be so cheap, and the climate was nice, too. B. We can be thankful that the weather was good, although the holiday was a little expensive. C. The holiday should have been less expensive as we hardly had any nice weather.
D. It’s hardly possible for one who is allergic to bees to survive a sting. 8. Whole populations of Australia's natives were wiped out in order that civilization could advance. A. To allow for the expansion of civilization, entire groups of Australia’s aboriginal people were killed. B. The growth of civilization in Australia couldn’t have been achieved without the ethnic cleansing of the entire continent. C. The existence of Australia’s natives was the biggest obstacle in the effort to advance the modern way of life. D. If the native Australians had not been exterminated, there would be no civilization on the continent today. 9. In England, as in Turkey, many surnames are derived from the skills and professions of ancestors. A. Most sons in England, as in Turkey, are named after their father’s profession.
D. Despite the fayourable weather, we still paid too much for the holiday.
B. Surnames in England can often be traced back to the skills and professions of ancestors, as is also the case in Turkey.
4. The fire must have been started on purpose; otherwise, St couldn't have caused so much damage.
C. Surnames in most countries, including England and Turkey, are based on the names of former skills and professions.
A. The fire might have been very serious if nobody had tried to prevent it. B. If someone were to start a fire there, it could prove highly damaging.
D. Many skills or professions in both England and Turkey are named after the surnames of the ancestors who carried them out.
C. No one can say for sure how the fire broke out, but the harm it did is obvious.
10. No one under is allowed in the club, and you will be no exception.
D. Seeing that it destroyed so many things, the fire can’t have been accidental.
A. The club is only for people over 18, so you might not be allowed in.
5. I have almost no doubt that the mail will have been delivered to us by three o'clock this afternoon.
B. If you are over 18, then it is legal for you to go into the club, C. No one in the club is under 18, but you are an exception.
A. The post might be here by three o’clock this afternoon, though I very much doubt it.
D. The rule that those under 18 are forbidden from entering the club is applicable to you, too.
B. Without doubt, the letters are going to be posted before three o’clock today, C. I’m pretty sure that we will have got the mail at or before three o’clock today. D. I want to make sure that the mail is delivered today no later than 3 p.m.
11. Due to unforeseen circumstances, our group's scheduled visit to the museum has been called off.
6. Unless the problem is corrected immediately, It will only continue to get worse.
A. The trip to the museum that we’d planned is now cancelled because something unexpected has happened.
A. Although the crisis has been addressed, things have not begun to get better as yet.
B. Something happened at the museum, so they cancelled our visit.
B. The situation is bound to deteriorate even more if it is not rectified without delay, C. We’re only causing more problems by allowing the crisis to grow and get out of hand.
D. We cannot go to see the museum at the arranged time because it will be closed.
D. The fact that the problem seems to be getting worse suggests that it was identified incorrectly. 7. For an allergic person, a bee-sting can be very serious, often resulting in a
C. We are no longer going to the museum because there is no time on our schedule. 12. The level of unemployment In this district is said to be far higher than anywhere else in the country.
A. This area is worse than the rest of thè country, especially in terms of the quality of work that gets done. B. People believe that the lack of work is not so keen in the rest of the country as it is in this area. C. People talk about losing their jobs much more around here than elsewhere in the country. D. Because of its position, this region has fewer jobs on offer than other places in the country. 13. Although she said otherwise, I felt certain that she'd been offended by my remark.
educated led to his dismissal. C. In 1911, the teacher Tom Higdon was fired because he proposed that farm workers’ children be educated. D. In 1911, Tom Higdon was fired from his post as a teacher for teaching the children of farm workers, who shouldn’t have been educated. 18. As the city grew industrially, more and more immigrants were attracted to the newlycreated jobs.
A. Even though my remark was offensive, she assured me that it hadn’t bothered her.
A. The number of citizens in the city remained very low as long as there was a limited amount of industrial work available.
B. I was sure my words had caused her no offence; otherwise, she’d have told me. C. I was in no doubt, because of her later attitude to me, that she was insulted by my comment.
B. The more the city’s industry grew, making new jobs available, the more immigrants arrived to fill them.
D. I was convinced that she’d taken my comment as an insult despite her claim to the contrary.
C. The city drew in ạ lot of immigrants, although industry grew only slowly and thus job vacancies were scarce.
14. Only by staying in the city for at least a week would it be possible for one to see all the sites.
D. While industry was increasing, there was also a growing need for immigrants to work in the newly-created jobs.
A. If you wanted to look at all the sites in the city, you would need to be there not less than a week.
19. There is little pleasure to be gained from a gift given unwillingly.
B. A week at the most was enough to visit all the sites in the city.
A. More enjoyment can be found in giving a present than in receiving it.
C. You should extend your stay here for another week if you want to see all the sites in the city.
B. Presents should only be given if you think it’ll make the receiver happy, C. You will certainly not enjoy giving a present to a person you don’t like.
D. Even though you may stay there longer, it only needs a week to see all the attractions. 15. We can't speak of our economy as healthy when there is a widening gap between the rich and the poor.
D. Unless a present is given freely, it won’t bring much happiness. 20. Should you choose not to continue with your education, we will still msupport you.
A. Our economy is improving, so there will be less difference between the rich and the poor.
A. We would be willing to support you if you needed help with your studies.
B. If our economy were better handled, there would be less of a gap between the rich and the poor.
B. If you don’t cary on with your education, we’ll be unable to help you.
C. Our economy can’t be called healthy as long as the rich are getting richer and the poor poorer.
C. We are prepared to stand by you even if you decide to give up your education.
D. It is possible that our economy is in good shape, but many people are still poor.
D. Even though you’ve stopped studying, we still have confidence in you.
16. A quarter of all bird species in the world are known to have become extinct during the past two hundred years.
21. The link between smelting and cancer had never been acknowledged before that research.
A. It has been acknowledged that one-fourth of all bird species have ceased to exist over the last two centuries. B. It is estimated that one-fourth of all bird species will become extinct within the next two centuries. C. It is known that two centuries ago the number of birds living on the earth was 25% greater than it is today. D. We are likely to cause the extinction of one-fourth of all bird species during the next two hundred years.
A. The results of that research represented the first time anyone had acknowledged the link between smoking and cancer. B. Despite extensive research, the connection between smoking and cancer hadn’t yet been proved. C. The connection between smoking and cancer hasn’t been acknowledged yet, and requires plenty of further research. . . D. No one has yet fully accepted that there is any connection between smoking and cancer. 22. In general, restaurants with a good view charge very high prices even if they don't serve good food. A. The view from the restaurant is wonderful, but the food they serve isn’t as good.
17. Tom Higdon was dismissed from his job as a teacher in 1911 for suggesting that the children of farm workers should be educated.
B. Whether the food they serve is good or not, dining at scenic restaurants is usually very expensive.
A. After being fired from his teaching position in 1911, Tom Higdon suggested that the children of farm workers ought to be educated.
C. People don’t mind paying large bills at scenic restaurants, as they know they’re paying for the view as well.
B. Tom Higdon’s suggestions in 1911 that the children of farm workers didn’t deserve to be
D. If a restaurant has a good view, generally it is the view that attracts customers, not the food
served there.
D. They probably didn’t phone us because they didn’t want to tell anyone what happened.
23. Unless I phone and tell you otherwise, I'll be waiting at the cinema tonight
29, Without the necessary equipment and expertise, rock climbing is a very dangerous activity,
A. I’ll only call to inform you if I can’t make it to the cinema tonight. B. I’ll be at the cinema tonight, but I’ll telephone you to finalize details.
A. Rock climbing is only safe if you have an expert climbing with you.
C. I will only be at the cinema if I tell you for certain over the phone.
B. It is illegal to go rock climbing if you don’t know enough about the sport, C. Sports such as rock climbing need a lot of expensive materials and training.
D. As soon as I arrive there, I’ll phone from the cinema and let you know. 24. I've booked a table for eight in case you should change your mind and decide to join us. A. You can change your mind and decide to join us, if you wish, as I can always change our booking to a table for eight. B. If you change your mind and join us for dinner, let me know as we’ll have to arrange a table for eight then. C. So that we have a large enough table if you decide to join us after all, I’ve reserved one for eight people. D. There’ll be eight people, including you, so I should reserve a table for eight if you have decided to join us. 25. We narrowly avoided an accident with a coach by managing to stop quickly.
D. Rock climbing is not safe unless you have the right tools and enough knowledge. 30. We’re still hesitating about which school our son ought to go to. A. We haven’t yet decided where we should send our son to school. B. We won’t send our son to any school unless we are certain that it is the one we want, C. We are not sure whether we should let our son choose a school for himself. D. We had great difficulty deciding upon which school our son should attend. 31. We weren't entirely convinced, lit spite of his explanation, that his action hadn't been deliberate. A. He tried to explain the exact reason why he’d acted like that although he knew that we wouldn’t believe him.
A. If the coach hadn’t stopped so suddenly, we wouldn’t have had the accident.
B. Even after he explained, we still had some doubts about whether he’d acted unintentionally.
B. The gap we had left between us and the coach was too narrow to avoid an accident.
C. His explanation was not sufficiently convincing to make all of us change our minds about his action.
C. It was such a narrow road that we nearly had an accid at with a coach. D. We would have had a collision with a coach if we hadn’t come to a stop so swiftly.
D. We were sure that he’d intended to do what he actually did, so his explanation was quite unnecessary.
26. Whether you like it or not, my aunt is coming to stay for the next two weeks.
32. Just which one of the two witnesses is telling the truth about the Situation is unclear.
A. I wonder if you’d mind if my aunt came here to stay for the following two weeks.
A. People believe that both of the two witnesses could, in fact, be lying.
B. My aunt will be staying for the next fortnight, regardless of your feelings in the matter.
B. It is hard to tell whether the two witnesses are telling the truth or lying, C. Of the two witnesses, it is uncertain whose account of the event is truthful.
C. If it doesn’t bother you too much, my aunt would like to stay here for the next two weeks.
D. It is likely that neither witness is giving us a truthful account of the situation.
D. I don’t know if you’ll like her or not, but my aunt is going to stay for the next couple of weeks.
33. It's impossible to escape from America completely as its culture has spread to every comer of the globe.
27. I'm not sure whether I can make it for the start of the meeting, so you don't have to wait for me. A. You had better hold the meeting without me as I won’t be able to attend it at that hour. B. The meeting ought to open at the scheduled hour regardless of my being delayed. C. I certainly won’t be there for the beginning of the meeting, but I’ll try to join you later. D. You can start the meeting without me as I may not be able to get there for the beginning of it. 28. They can't have been told the news, or they would have rung us immediately
A. Many people have tried to run away from America but find that they can’t because there are Americans on every corner. B. Wherever you go, you will encounter some aspects of American culture, so there’s no way to get away from the country entirely. C. If you want to travel round the world and see different cultures, you may be disappointed as every place has become Americanized.
A. They couldn’t tell us what had happened, although we talked on the phone.
D. American culture has been so successful that it’s spread all over the world and no place can avoid being influenced by it.
B. In spite of the fact that they phoned us as soon as possible, we weren’t able to give them the news.
34. Whereas Janet had thought the storm would be over in a short time, in fact, it went on for several hours.
C. As they haven’t called us, we can assume that they don’t know what’s happened.
A. Janet hadn’t thought that the storm would arrive at such great speed, but it did.
B. Even after the storm was over, the bad weather continued for many hours, as Janet expected.
D. I’ve been advised by my mother that I must never get into a car driven by someone I don’t know.
C. The storm continued for quite a while, contrary to what Janet had expected. D. For several hours, Janet had to wait where she was until the storm was completely over.
41. "I'm afraid we haven't received the results of your tests yet," said the doctor to her patient.
35. Essentially, there are two ways of solving this problem, but the question is: which one will provide the ideal solution for us?
B. The doctor told her patient not to be frightened of receiving the results of his tests.
A. While we basically have two ways to solve the problem, we should decide on the one offering a better result.
D. The patient understood that the doctor had some fears about getting the results of his tests.
B. It is essential that we solve this problem one way or another, so let’s choose one way and start. C. Whether this problem can be fundamentally solved in one of the two available ways is questionable. D. We must question the solution to this problem, or we may regret it later if we find we haven’t taken the right step.
A. The doctor apologized to her patient about not yet having got the results of his tests. C. The doctor said she was afraid of receiving the results of her patient’s tests. 42. He wanted to know if there was anything he could do to help. A. He asked us what he should do to assist us. B. If there were any way in which he could aid us, we’d tell him. C. He said he could have done something if he had known we needed help.
36. What began as a pleasant hike ended up being a fight for survival.
D. He was wondering whether his assistance was needed at all.
A. The fight that nearly cost them their lives was initiated during a hike in the woods.
43. His response to being told he was terminally ill was the most courageous I have ever seen.
B. They started the day hiking together and finished it trying to kill one another, C. Though they had planned to spend the day walking, they ended it with a nasty fight. D. It started as an enjoyable walk in the country, but resulted in a nearly fatal situation. 37. I've been through this kind of weather before, and I think we should take shelter. A. Though the weather is good, we need a roof over our heads for the night. B. Experience has taught me that in such weather, we had better look for a safe place, C. I know that the weather will get worse, and we have nowhere to take shelter. D. Since we can’t do much in this weather, we should just go back into the house. 38. Regardless of Bob's opinion in this matter, I think I've done the right thing. A. I’m sure I have acted correctly in this instance, whatever Bob may think. B. I’ve thought about Bob’s views on this issue, but I think I’ll do as I want, C. Until Bob told me I was wrong, I thought I was right about this issue. D. My opinion that Bob had done the wrong thing in this case turned out to be right. 39. Though he said he would be in touch, he has neither phoned nor sent me an email. A. Both the phone and the e-mail have been out of order, so he could not contact me. B. He writes the most touching e-mail messages I have ever read, though he never phones, C. From his promise, I’d have expected a phone call or an e-mail from him, but I haven’t got either. D. Nothing in either his phone messages or his e-mails has really touched upon the main point. 40. My mother has told me not to accept lifts from strangers whatever the reason. A. My mother criticizes me severely whenever I get a lift from someone I don’t know.
A. I have never seen anyone react more bravely than him to being informed that he would die because of his illness. B. He tried hard to appear brave as he replied to the doctors after being told he had a serious disease. C. The doctors told him to be brave about his terminal illness and he replied that he would try to do his best. D. As far as I know, he was never more courageous than when he was told that he was terminally ill. 44. He had said he was only coming for a short visit, but by the time he left, he been staying for six months. A. In contrast to what he had told us initially, he has been staying with us for six months now. B. Although he’d informed us that his visit would be short, he ended up staying for half a year. C. He told us that he would not stay long, but now it appears that his visit might last as long as six months. D. He’s always saying he’ll only stay a short time, but the last time he visited us, he stayed for half a year. 45. I don't understand how you could have survived all those years in China without speaking a word of the language. A. Now that you are moving to China, you had better begin to study the language since it will be difficult to survive without it. B. It must have taken a lot of determination to go to a country as different as China without speaking any of the language at all.
B. According to my mother, there is no reason for me to ask people I don’t know for lifts.
C. Living in China for so long without learning any of the language, as you have done, is something beyond my imagination.
C. Unless I have a good reason, my mother says I shouldn’t drive anywhere with a stranger.
D. Chinese is so difficult that I understand you had to survive for a long time without speaking it
while you learnt the basics. 46. A hook interesting for one person can be neutral or even dull for another. A. Tastes for the same book may differ from one person to another.
-3 -
B. Just because I enjoy a book, it doesn’t mean that everyone will.
1. I remember Jane telling him about the meeting, even though he says she didn't.
C. Some people find those books which most readers enjoy very boring.
A. He denies having been told about the meeting, but I recall hearing Jane tell him about it.
D. It is impossible to write a book that everyone will find interesting.
B. He says that I didn’t remember to tell Jane about the meeting, but I did.
47. We were told that we should not travel to Iran, but I'm glad we didn't listen.
C. I reminded Jane to tell him about the meeting, even if he claims she didn’t do it.
A. We should have listened to the people who told us not to go to Iran.
D. I remember Jane, who told him about the meeting, but he says he doesn’t.
B. We should not have minded the advice of those who told us not to travel to Iran.
2. Arguing with the boss has considerably reduced his chances of promotion.
C. We just ignored the people who advised us against travelling to Iran.
A. He would definitely have been promoted by now if he hadn’t quarrelled with the boss.
D. We are happy to have gone to Iran despite being advised against it.
B. The likelihood of his being promoted has significantly decreased because of his arguments with the boss.
48. I was amazed that my ordinarily humourless boss could come up with such a hilarious joke.
C. His promotion was certain until he had a dispute with the boss.
A. It was so uncharacteristic of my boss to tell a really funny joke that I was thoroughly surprised.
D. He argued with the boss about why he wasn’t considered for promotion.
B. My boss’s jokes are usually funny, but this one was even funnier than usual.
3. It was under a fortnight before his final exams when Jim began to regret not having studied sufficiently.
C. Since my boss has such a great sense of humour, I was astounded to hear him tell such a bad joke.
A. Although he worked hard for almost two weeks before the finals, Jim still didn’t pass them.
D. If anyone can tell a good joke, then my normally stem and unsmiling boss can, too.
B. Jim felt sorry because he hadn’t done any work until two weeks before the final exams.
49. Not even a downpour would have prevented them from going on their hike.
C. There was less than a fortnight’s time before the finals, but Jim hadn’t even started studying for them.
A. It wasn’t even pouring down when they postponed their hike. B. They wouldn’t have cancelled their hike even if it had rained heavily.
D. Jim started to wish, less than two weeks before he took them, that he had done more work for his finals.
C. They didn’t even attempt to go hiking when it started to rain.
4. It's no use talking to her because she'll do as she pleases whatever we say.
D. It was only the torrential rain that stopped them from going hiking.
A. Nothing we can say will make her change her ways, so it’s pointless for us to say anything.
50. The haircut, combined with her new style of clothing, made her look years younger.
B. It makes no difference who talks to her because she refuses to listen to either of us.
A. After having her hair cut, she started to wear stylish clothes.
C. We’ve told her it’s not important, and we don’t need to say anything more about it.
B. Had she insisted on wearing the same clothes, she would not seem so young now. C. She looked well below her age after the change in both her hair and the way she dressed.
D. She only cares about herself and never talks to either of us.
D. Even though her clothes were modern, she had an old-fashioned hair style until recently.
A. He surprised all of his work colleagues by taking so long to resign.
5. His giving in his resignation took his work colleagues completely by surprise. B. According to his co-workers, his resigning from his job was completely unnecessary. C. His co-workers hadn’t expected him to resign from his job at all. D. None of his work colleagues could understand the actual reason for his resignation. 6. Apart from toeing conveniently located near the beach, that hotel has nothing about it to make me recommend to you. A. The only feature of that hotel that I can recommend to you is that it’s close to the beach. B. The hotel I’ve recommended to you is very comfortable as it is near the beach, C. As regards a hotel, nothing is more important for me than its being close to the beach.
D. The beach near that hotel doesn’t have anything special that I can recommend to you.
12. There was far too much evidence to the contrary for the judge to believe his story.
7. For reasons of hygiene, it's forbidden to try on the earrings in the jewellery department.
B. The proof against him was not sufficient for the judge to convict him.
A. Customers who care for hygiene are advised in the jewellery department not to try on any earrings.
D. While the judge wanted to believe his story, there was just not enough evidence to support it.
A. The judge believed his story because it presented so much information in his own fayour. C. The facts presented against him were so overwhelming that the judge discounted his story.
B. Earrings are considered unhygienic and so forbidden for sale in this jewellery department.
13. Not all societies share the same ideas on family life and the correct way to raise children.
C. Because it is not hygienic, customers in the jewellery department are not allowed to try on the earrings.
B. The role of the family and methods of bringing up children are changing in society.
D. Being hygienic in the jewellery department is the decision of the customer and not the management. 8. Sometimes having professional assistance with your CV can increase your chances of finding a job.
A. Attitudes towards family life and children’s education vary according to the society one is in. C. The accepted ideas in one society about raising children may be unacceptable in another. D. Societies have different attitudes about family life and how children should he brought up. 14. The price of the blouse was too tempting for me to resist buying it.
A. Having your CV professionally prepared determines whether you’ll get the job or not.
A. I couldn’t resist buying the blouse despite the fact that it was too expensive.
B. The prospects for finding employment can possibly be enhanced by a professionally-produced CV.
C. I had enough money on me to buy the blouse, so I decided to get it.
C. Having a professional help you with your CV is a sure way to find a job.
D. I bought the blouse because it was just what I was looking for.
D. Without a professional CV, it is impossible to find a job.
15. The more I hear about him, the less I want to meet him.
9. The sound of our voices was completely drowned by the roar of the machinery.
A. Each time I’m told something else about that man, my desire to meet him decreases.
A. We tried hard to hear each other above the deafening machines.
B. People keep telling me things about him, and so I’ve decided never to meet him.
B. We knew that the machines would drown out our conversation, so we didn’t try to speak.
C. I don’t know why people talk about that man so much, as I’ve met him and have little to say about him.
C. Because the machines were so deafening, our voices seemed rather faint. D. The machines were making such a loud noise that we couldn’t hear each other. 10. She never lets her daughter participate in an activity unless it is under the supervision of an adult. A. She always takes her daughter to activities which are supervised by grownups. B. As long as she herself is present at the activity, she permits her daughter to join in. C. The only activities in which she allows her daughter to take paid are those watched over by a grown-up. D. If an older person is in attendance, she usually agrees to her daughter’s participation in activities. 11. Considering this shop ẫs the most expensive in town, the quality of its products is of a very low standard. A. The products of this shop are considered to be very low quality, yet it is among the most expensive shops in town.
B. I ended up buying the blouse as it was such a bargain.
D. I had wanted to meet the man, but now I know so much about him that I don’t think it’s necessary. 16. Although London is far from teeing an unpolluted city, the problem isn't as bad as it used to be. A. Compared to its situation in the past, these days there is hardly any pollution in London. B. London is undoubtedly still polluted, but it’s less of a problem because people are accustomed to it now. C. London isn’t as polluted as it was in the past; in fact, the pollution problem has been solved. D. While the problem definitely hasn’t disappeared, there is less pollution in London nowadays. 17. Any health benefits gained by eating meat are far outweighed by the hazards of doing so. A. Though meat can be unhealthy, it’s even more unhealthy to avoid eating it.
B. Because of the high standard of its products, this shop is the one with the highest prices in town.
B. Consuming animal flesh can harm you, but it’s still an essential source of nutrition.
C. Among the town’s most expensive ones, this shop is renowned for the high standard of its products.
C. Eating meat may promote health in some ways, but harms it in many more. D. In order to be healthy, it’s important to eat meat despite potential health risks.
D. One would expect higher quality products from this shop as it is more expensive than all the other's in town.
18. I must admit this is the most spectacular view I've ever seen during my extensive travels.
A. So far on this journey, we’ve seen a lot of beautiful places, but this one is by far the most attractive. B. I’ve travelled quite a lot in my life, and admittedly, have never seen such a breathtaking view as this. C. I can’t help but remark that the reason why I travel so extensively is not to miss such marvellous places as this one. D. I don’t think we’ll ever encounter a more beautiful view in our lives than this, since it is so breathtaking.
A. Man is defenceless against nature, because he cannot have any influence on her. B. Although man has an apparent control over nature, he hasn’t fully conquered her yet. C. Man believes he has complete control over nature, but in many respects, this isn’t so. D. Even though man can affect her, in many areas nature still does things better. 25. The fatigue we usually feel after a long journey becomes keener when we fly over different time zones. A. We'normally experience fatigue on a long flight only when we cross time zones.
19. It seems to me that his real identity will always remain a secret.
B. Generally people feel exhausted when crossing time zones, but it is not a serious ailment.
A. I don’t think anyone will ever know who he actually was.
C. Flying over different time zones usually causes certain ailments which may take a long time to recover from.
B. The truth about him should never be told to anyone. C. I think that he kept his genuine identity hidden from me.
D. Crossing time zones increases fatigue, which is a normal experience on a long flight.
D. He has kept quiet about himself and will never reveal anything to me.
26. Susan wishes she had bought the car when she had first seen it because when she went back later, it had been sold.
20. Such a major operation as this has proved completely successful in very few cases.
A. Susan regretted not buying the car the first time she saw it, as by the time she returned later on, someone else had already bought it.
A. In addition to this one, they have been significantly successful in a few operations before. B. There aren’t many cases in which an important operation like this has been fully successful. C. This case is the first one in which an important operation has been successfully accomplished.
B. If the car hadn’t already been sold the first time Susan laid eyes on it, she would have definitely bought it.
D. They have performed very successful operations on several occasions in cases similar to this.
C. Susan wanted to buy the car when she saw it for the first time because she knew that if she came back later, it might have been sold by then.
21. Of the members, half were for the proposal and half were against.
D. Susan really washes that the car she decided to buy the moment she saw it had not already been sold to someone else.
A. Many members didn’t agree with the proposal, but some did. B. None of the members could agree whether to accept or reject the proposal. C. Half of the members were chosen for the project, but those who weren’t objected to it.
27. They must have left for their holiday to Dover because their car is not where it is normally parked in the parking lot.
D. The number of members who fayoured the proposal was equal to the number who opposed it.
A. Their car is still out there in the parking lot, so they can’t have left for their holiday in Dover yet.
22. Naturally, a person prefers to make friends with people who accept him as he is.
B. If they had left for their vacation to Dover, the car would still be parked it its usual place.
A. It’s natural for one to choose friends from those who won’t criticize the way one is.
C. If they hadn’t left for their vacation to Dover, their car would be in its usual place in the car park.
B. If a person doesn’t like you the way you are, then you shouldn’t form a friendship with him.
D. They were planning to go to Dover for their holiday, so that is perhaps why their car isn’t in the parking lot.
C. The selection of one’s friends usually comes from those with the same personalities as one’s own. D. It isn’t natural to choose friends from those who behave unacceptably. 23. The bag you want is more or less the same price as the one I offered you. A. The bag you offered was more expensive than the one I wanted. B. The bag I want will cost me less than the one you offered. C. There isn’t much difference in price between the bag you want and the one I offered you. D. The difference between the bag you wanted and the one I suggested was just in their prices; they were otherwise almost the same. 24. Despite his seeming control over nature, there are still some points where man remains helpless against her.
28. If Russia didn't have such strict visa regulations, more people would be able to visit the country and see the beautiful cities of Moscow and St. Petersburg. A. Because of Russia’s rigid visa regulations, fewer people are able to take a holiday in that country and observe the lovely cities of Moscow and St. Petersburg. B. Russian people wish that their visa regulations were looser, so that more visitors would be able to come to the great cities of Moscow and St. Petersburg. C. The charming cities of Moscow and St. Petersburg have been visited by more foreign tourists since Russia loosened its tough visa rules. D. More and more people are travelling to Russia, despite the tight visa regulations, to see the amazing cities of Moscow and St. Petersburg. 29. If the driver of the Mercedes hadn't drunk so much, the fatal collision with the school minibus wouldn't have happened.
A. The driver of the Mercedes hadn’t actually drunk too much when he happened to crash disastrously into the school minibus.
really hard at it.
B. If the school minibus hadn’t crashed into the Mercedes in a bloody accident, the driver, who was actually drunk, wouldn’t have been lulled.
D. That Eric’s search for a new apartment will be successful before he has to vacate his old one appears highly unlikely.
C. The school minibus wouldn’t have hit the Mercedes if its driver hadn’t been so drunk, and no one would have been killed.
C. It is hardly likely that Eric will be unable to find a new apartment before he is out on the streets.
34. She is currently writing a historical book about food, which will include old recipes and the history behind them.
D. The deadly crash between the school minibus and the Mercedes only happened because the driver of the Mercedes was drunk.
A. At the moment, she is collecting recipes and the historical information behind them for the book which she intends to write on food.
30. Passengers arriving in Paris by plane catch their first glimpse of the city as they are flying over the Eiffel Tower.
B. The book she is writing at the moment is on the history of food, with old recipes and stories behind them.
A. When people arrive in Paris by plane, they must first fly over the Eiffel Tower. B. The Eiffel Tower provides people arriving in Paris on a plane with their first view of the city as they fly overhead. C. The Eiffel Tower is the sight which first greets visitors to Paris, but only when they arrive by plane.
C. There are many interesting historical facts behind the old recipes to be found in her book, which is a history of food. D. The book she is writing is actually a historical book, but it also contains information about old recipes and the stories behind them. 35. You can never be sure about the accuracy of TV weather reports.
D. Passengers get a glimpse of The Eiffel Tower as they are flying over Paris on their way out of the airport.
A. If you want to know how the weather is going to be, you should watch TV.
31. Residents of the area like to go to the park to enjoy a tea break after faking a walk along the shore.
C. If I were you, I would rely on the TV weather report.
A. After having a stroll along the shore, people living in this area enjoy going to the park and having a tea break. B. If you are tired after walking along the shore, people here suggest that you should go to the park for a tea break. C. The park by the shore is a wonderful place for residents to have a tea break when they go for a walk. D. Enjoying a tea break with the residents of the park can be very enjoyable after a long walk along the shore. 32. The people of Cambodia wish that so many land mines hadn't been laid in their country, as many people have lost limbs by stepping on them. A. The Cambodian people ought not to have planted so many land mines in their country because they have caused many people to lose their legs when they have exploded. B. The people of Cambodia want fewer land mines placed in their country as many people are becoming limbless by treading on them. C. Cambodians feel that it was a really bad thing to have had so many land mines placed in their country because such a large number of people have had limbs blown off by them. D. Had there been fewer land mines scattered around Cambodia, fewer people would have had their limbs blown off by them. 33. It does not seem very probable that Eric will be able to find a new apartment before he has to leave his old one.
B. There are more accurate ways of learning how the weather will be than watching TV. D. Weather forecasts on television are notoriously unreliable. 36. If Dick had John's position in the company, everybody believes he would be able to motivate the workers better. A. Everybody who works in this company thinks that John motivates the workers well, so that is why he has a better job here than Dick. B. If Dick were able to motivate the workers better, he would be given John’s present job in the company. C. It is believed that John is not as good at encouraging the company’s workers as Dick would be if he had the same job. D. Everybody in the company thinks that the workers were motivated far better when Dick was doing John’s present job. 37. The opinions of the teaching staff were divided as to whether they should change the course book or follow the old one. A. Some members of the teaching staff were in fayour of following a new course book, while others thought they should continue with the old one. B. There were different opinions among the teaching staff about the new course book, and in the end, those who were against choosing a new one won. C. The teaching staff could not agree upon a new course book, so they decided to continue with the old one.
A. Eric doesn’t think he will be able to find a new apartment before he is thrown out of his old one.
D. There was no general agreement among the teaching staff about which they should choose as their new course book.
B. Eric’s search for a new apartment while there is still time may well succeed, but only if he works
38. It was very important for Jill to go home to see her sister's new baby girl, whatever the
cost of the ticket.
B. Their son rang them many times to ask for money.
A. Even though Jill wanted very much to fly home and meet her sister’s baby girl, the fare was too much for her.
C. Occasionally their son needed money and so contacted them by telephone.
B. Jill didn’t care about the cost of the ticket, since the only thing she wanted was to get home to meet her sister’s new-born daughter.
D. Their son’s requests for money were always made by phone.' 43. That film can't have been the one that Susan was telling us about, since the story was far too simple and it wasn't in French.
C. Because Jill doesn’t have a lot of money, flying home to meet her sister’s new daughter was less important to her than the cost of the ticket.
A. Susan was talking about a film that sounded far too simplistic and wasn’t even French; she must have meant this one.
D. Knowing how important it was for Jill to meet her new niece, Jill’s sister took care of the cost of the ticket so that she could fly home and do so.
B. Susan told us about a movie in French with a complicated storyline; the one we went to see must have been a different one.
39. Communicating with locals in a foreign country is a bit like becoming a mime since you must often rely oh hand gestures.
C. The film we watched may not have been the one Susan said; it was in French, but the story didn’t seem very complex.
A. In foreign countries, you will often see local mimes who communicate solely by using their hands so that everyone can understand what they are trying to say. B. Locals in a foreign country who don’t know another language often communicate with tourists by miming. C. You often feel like a mime when you are trying to speak to someone in a foreign country because of frequently having to use your hands to convey what you are trying to say. D. When miming, it is important to remember to use your hands, especially when you are speaking to locals in a foreign country. 40. Coral reefs create underwater habitats that are essential for many species of marine organisms, and there are also some fish who use them as a refuge from predators. A. Many fish tend to stay in coral reefs because there they are both safe from predators and supplied with a rich food source.
D. That movie couldn’t have been French; the story was very easy to understand, like the one Susan was telling us about. 44. A new shopping mail has just opened in our neighbourhood, so the traffic is certain to get worse. A. Because of the new shopping centre in our locality, traffic will definitely become more congested. B. Although we needed somewhere to shop in the neighbourhood, the increase in traffic is certainly a disadvantage. C. There is a lot of opposition to the new shopping mall because of the traffic problems it will cause. D. An increase in traffic is a small price to pay for the convenience of a new shopping mall in our neighbourhood.
B. Coral reefs are very important for many kinds of marine life forms because they provide a place to live as well as a place for some fish to hide from them enemies.
45. I don't think much of her new song, but I suppose it could have been worse.
C. Coral reefs provide a place to live for many types of sea creatures, including predators who use them as a place to rest.
B. Even if her new song were better, I still don’t suppose I would like it much.
D. Coral reefs are becoming scarce and this creates an important problem for the many marine animals which use them as a place to live as well as a place of protection. 41. It is her sense of humour and the supportive friends surrounding her that make it possible for her to endure these difficult times. A. She believes that if you have a sense of humour and friendly people surrounding and supporting you, you can always make it through hard times. B. Difficult times are hard to endure when you don’t have a sense of humour or friends around you who can support you, as far as she is concerned. C. With a sense of humour and supportive friends around her, she could have endured these difficult times a lot better. D. Without the support of the friends around her and her sense of humour, she wouldn’t be able to make it through these hard times. 42. There was no occasion on which their son called them and didn't request money. A. "Whenever their son phoned them, he asked for money.
A. When I think about her new song, I always wonder how it could have been improved. C. I wish her new song was better; then I would listen to it more enthusiastically. D. While I do not particularly like her latest song, I felt it was not as bad as it could have been. 46. My father says that you should treat people how you wish to be treated yourself. A. If you had listened to my father, you would always treat other’s with the consideration you expect from them towards yourself. B. My father always instructs me to consider how people want to be treated and behave accordingly. C. I have always behaved towards people as I wish to be treated myself, because this is what my father taught me. D. It’s my father’s belief that you ought to behave towards other people the way you want them to behave towards you. 47. The committee rejected his application for a fund for his project on the grounds that his research wouldn't benefit people much.
A. Stating that his research would be of little use to people, the committee refused to provide him with a fund. B. The committee considered his project totally useless, particularly because the majority of people wouldn’t profit from his research. C. As his research wouldn’t help people in a practical way, it was not surprising that the committee declined his application. D. The committee was not very interested in his project because they believed his research had no scientific value. 48. The museum is visited mainly by those who are interested in the Impressionist painters. A. The museum, which displays mainly impressionist art, attracts visitors with a serious interest in art. B. Most of the visitors to the museum have an interest in artists from the era of impressionism. C. The museum, which attracts large numbers of visitors, has a particularly interesting display of impressionist paintings. D. The museum, which displays only impressionist paintings, receives lots of visitors. 49, The police know who they are looking for, but he seems to have disappeared. A. Although the police have identified their suspect, he is still at large and they cannot find him. B. Since the police know who they are looking for, it is only a matter of finding him. C. The police have no clues as to the whereabouts or the identity of the suspect. D. If only the police knew who they were looking for, they would be able to find him. 50. If he hadn't left the tap open while the water was cut off, we wouldn't have come home to a flooded apartment. A. If we hadn’t come home in time, the whole flat would have been covered in water, as he had left the tap open when the water was off. B. Our flat was flooded when we arrived, even though he had remembered to close the tap while the water was cut off. C. If he had remembered to turn off the tap, the whole building wouldn’t have been flooded. D. Because he didn’t turn the tap off while the water was off, we came home to find our flat covered in water.
-41. Some countries require tourists to receive certain vaccinations before entry, while others do not. A. Vaccinations are given to tourists at the border by some countries, but not by all. B. Tourists need not be vaccinated to enter certain countries, but other nations may demand this. C. Many countries vaccinate tourists after they have entered, whereas many others don’t. D. While many tourists get vaccinated upon entry to some countries, many others do not. 2. Though I had known about it well in advance, I pretended to be surprised at having a birthday party. A. I acted surprised about being given a birthday party, but I had known about it a long time before. B. Despite only pretending to be surprised at the birthday party, I had actually been completely unaware of it. C. I was quite surprised at them throwing me a birthday party, though I could have found out about it well before. D, I knew about the birthday party a long time before, yet I wasn’t pretending when I acted surprised. 3. Despite not being widely known in her own time, Jana Austen had a small band of dedicated followers. A. Even during her own lifetime, Jane Austen had gathered a sizeable band of devoted admirers. B. Until after her death, not many people who read Jane Austen’s work liked it. C. A small devoted group admired Jane Austen’s work, in spite of her obscurity during her lifetime. D. Despite the quality of her work, Jane Austen didn’t become popular with readers until after her death. 4. It's nearly Impossible to voice your opinion on this matter without offending someone. A. Whether you state them or not, your feelings on this subject are probably upsetting. B. There’s no way that anyone can possibly be upset by your simply saying what you think. C. Though not everyone will be pleased with what you say, you should say what you think. D. You will most likely make someone upset if you say what you think about this issue. 5. There are few truly natural places left in the world, and most of them are practically inaccessible. A. There’s no way to get to most of the world’s nature spots, and so, they remain almost intact. B. It’s true that the number of official nature areas is declining, but you can visit them with some effort. C. It’s hardly possible to gain access to most of the few remaining genuinely natural places on this planet. D. It isn’t very practical to try to go to natural places any more as there are simply too few left.
6. I was hardly upset that she did not want to see me again since the feeling was entirely mutual. A. Having once loved her, I found it hard to tell her that I no longer wished her to be part of my life. B. I was glad when she broke off our relationship, as I was thinking of doing the same but finding it hard to tell her. C. It was hard on me when she said she never wanted to see me again, in spite of our mutual affection.
B. People who do their best work in the morning also tend to do well at other times. C. You may be able to work efficiently at any time of day, but not everybody is so. D. It is important to discover at what time of day you can work most effectively. 12. This is the first time our daughter has been away from us for such a Song time. A. Our daughter never stays away from us for a long time. B. We have never let our daughter stay away from us for so long before, C. Our daughter has never been away from us for so long before.
D. As I didn’t want to see her any more than she wanted to see me, I didn’t mind much when she told me so.
D. For the first time in years, our daughter will be Living away from us.
7. I have visited almost all of the countries in Europe, and Portugal is my favourite.
13. Although my uncle took even/ possible precaution about his health, he failed to prevent his early death.
A. Portugal is the country that I have always wanted to see most in Europe. B. Having visited practically every country in Europe, I find that Portugal is the one I enjoy most. C. I feel that Portugal is the most interesting country in Europe.
A My uncle was not healthy at all although he took great care of himself until he died. B. My uncle was extremely careful to live a healthy lifestyle, yet he died at rather a young age. C. My uncle was afraid of dying at a young age, so he looked after himself really well all his life.
D. I have visited many countries, but I have enjoyed few as much as the European country of Portugal.
D. It was his failures in life that caused my uncle to die at a very young age.
8. Any cough that persists for more than a week should be looked at by a doctor.
14. When she arrived in New York fresh from college and a trip abroad, she was broke but excited.
A. Some coughs may continue for weeks, whether or not a doctor is seen. B. If you have a weak cough, you probably don’t really need to visit a doctor. C. You ought to see a doctor if you have a cough that doesn’t stop within a week.
A. Her trip abroad cost a lot of money and now she is broke, but she is thrilled to be finally in New York after graduating from college.
B. You don’t have to go to a doctor if you think your cough will stop within the week.
B. When she moved to New York, she didn’t have any money left because she had spent it all on tuition and a holiday abroad.
9. The only criticism 1 can put forward about the film is that it could have been a little shorter
C. After she graduated from college in New York, she was excited about taking a trip overseas, but she was running out of money.
A. The film is great, although some people may find it a little too long. B. Apart from the fact that it was a little too long, I can’t say anything bad about the film.
D. She didn’t have any money, but she was full of enthusiasm at the time she came to New York, having just completed college and a holiday overseas.
C. I’m sure the film will receive a lot of criticism because of how long it lasts.
15. I handed in the documents to the manager two days ago, but he still hasn't signed them.
D. Even though it was such a long film, I don’t think it really deserves any criticism. 10. Had it not been for the timely intervention of a helpful passer-by, he would Have been robbed of all his money. A. A helpful passer-by intervened just when a thief was trying to rob him of all his money, but he failed to stop him.
A. The papers still lack the manager’s signature although it’s two days since I gave them to him. B. I hand in the documents to the manager in time, but he usually takes two days to put his signature on them. C. I have been waiting for two days for the manager to sign my papers. D. Two days ago, I took some documents to the manager, but he just didn’t sign them.
B. Had it not been for someone who got in the way while trying to be helpful, he would have recovered his money.
16. Being just on the point of closing the shop, the shop assistant was not happy with the arrival of a late customer.
C. All his money was stolen by a passer by, who pretended to be helping him.
A. The assistant closed the shop very late because a customer turned up at the last moment and he had to deal with her.
D. He was saved from having all his money stolen when a person who happened to be going by intervened just in time. 11. The part of the day when one person works most effectively may not be the same for another. A. The time of day which is best for working varies from individual to individual.
B. Although the shop-assistant wasn’t pleased to have a customer as he was closing the shop, he gave his service anyway. C. The shop-assistant was hurrying to close the shop, but just then, a customer arrived. D. The shop-assistant didn’t like it when a customer arrived just as he was closing the shop.
17. It was while he was working on a voluntary project in the Far East that he got married to a woman on the same project.
B. His most recent novel is also his most successful so far and has made him a very well-known author.
A. He met his future wife in the Far East, where she was employed in a voluntary mproject. B. When they got married, he was working in the Far East on a voluntary project.
C. His latest book is so outstanding that it has even impressed the literary world. D. Only his latest novel has achieved the honour of being praised by all the literary world.
C. Just after they got married, they volunteered to do some work in the Far East.
24. This is my sister's first year in the profession of public relations.
D. He married a colleague from his team during his voluntary work in the Far- East.
A. This year, my sister has developed an interest in the field of public relations.
18. An urgent call on my mobile made me leave the stadium before the match finished.
B. This year, my sister is training to become a orofessional in public relations, C. My sister has started to work in the area of public relations just this year.
A. Just as the match was about to finish, I received an urgent call on my mobile. B. I received an urgent call on my mobile while I was coming out of the stadium. C. I was at the stadium watching a match when I received an urgent call on my mobile.
D. Since last year, my sister has been training to work in public relations. 25. Wot having realized that Frances, cycling behind, had lost track of him, Peter continued travelling without stopping at the corner.
D. Due to an urgent call, I had to leave the stadium when the match was still going on.
A. Peter waited until Prances appeared around the corner cycling, and then continued travelling.
19. My son hardly studied for his exams, so we were already expecting these poor results. A. My son’s exams were so hard that, as we were expecting, he did very badly in them.
B. As he was under the impression that Frances was following him on her bike, Peter did not stop to wait at the corner.
B. We knew that our son studied very little for his exams, but we were still disappointed with his results.
C. Peter wouldn’t have stopped at the comer if he’d realized that Frances was following him at a close distance behind.
C. Because my son studied very little for his exams, it wasn’t surprising for us that he got bad results.
D. Peter forgot what he’d arranged with Frances, and cycled past the corner without checking whether she was following or not.
D. My son found his exams quite hard, so, not surprisingly, he got very poor results.
26. It was nearly dark when our bus finally arrived, after what seemed like an endless journey.
20. As far as I know, they're still working on a solution to their financial problems. A. As far as I’m concerned, they are about to find a solution to their monetary problems. B. From what I know, they haven’t yet found a way to solve their monetary difficulties. C. I know that they have no idea about how they can get over their financial problems. D. It seems to me that they are still far from finding a solution to their financial difficulties. 21. No sooner had we signed the contract than we began to feel it was a mistake.
A. It was a long, dark journey through the night, which made us quite impatient. B. Though the bus trip took a long time, since we arrived before dark, it did not seem that long. C. Our bus trip seemed to take forever, but finally ended at dusk. D. Though it was not far, the darkness made the trip seem much longer than it actually was. 27. The moment Marie felt the need for a change in her life, the first thing she did was quit her job.
A. Immediately after we’d done it, we started to think that we shouldn’t have signed the contract.
A. As soon as Marie realized that she needed to change her life, she gave up her job first thing.
B. It quickly turned out that we’d made a mistake by signing the contract, C. It didn’t take us long to become aware of the mistake in the contract.
B. Since Marie was not at all happy with her job, she was sure that anything else would make her happier.
D. We discovered a mistake in the contract as soon as we’d signed it. 22. The fire fighters didn't arrive at the blazing house in time to save it from burning down.
C. Now that she has lost her job, the first thing Marie should do is to make a radical change in her life.
A. When the fire fighters arrived at the blazing house, the fire was burning fiercely.
D. Marie resigned from her position because she felt it demanded a change in her lifestyle.
B. The fire fighters didn’t think that it was such a big fire, so they were slow arriving there.
28. Workers are expected to dress appropriately, as described in the company rules, while on the premises.
C. When the fire fighters arrived, the flames were so big that it took them a long time to put the fire out.
A. Employees need to weal- their official uniforms only when in company-owned buildings.
D. The fire consumed the house completely, because the fire fighters were not quick enough in arriving there.
B. When at the workplace, employees must wear clothing in accordance with company regulations.
23. It's only with' his last novel that he's attained any notice In the literary world.
D. It is better if workers put on their uniforms before they get to work, as this is more appropriate.
A. Until the publication of his last book, he hadn’t been acknowledged in the literary world.
C. It is preferred that workers wear their best clothes when they visit the office.
29. I write to my friends overseas on a regular basis so that we don't lose touch, A. It is important for me to send letters to my friends abroad to keep them up to date on events in my life. B. I keep in touch with my friends in foreign countries by writing to them from time to time. C. My friends struggle not to lose contact with me by writing very often. D. In order to maintain contact with my friends abroad, I correspond with them regularly. 30. She may have made an apology, yet it was far from toeing a sincere orse. A. Although it’s true she said she was sorry, she wasn’t sincere at all.
34. Taking photographs inside the museum is strictly forbidden. A. We were only able to take photos of the museum’s exterior. B. It’s not advisable to try to bring a camera into the museum. C. People are not allowed to photograph the interior of the museum. D. No one has ever taken a photo inside the museum. 35. None of his classmates can compete with him as regards his mathematical genius. A. In mathematics, he is by far the best student in his class.
C. She could at least have apologized, even if insincerely, for what she did.
B. He is in competition with his classmates for the position of mathematical genius, C. In competitions, he usually beats the others in his class when the subject is maths. D. Nobody in his class considers him to be a genius at maths.
D. She sounded as if she was really sorry for what happened.
36. Of the people interviewed, all were in fayour of the government proposal.
B. She made by far the most sincere apology I’ve ever heard.
31. There had been prior warning of the flood; nevertheless, it came as a shock to the people living in remote villages.
A. No one was interviewed unless they thought the government’s proposal was advantageous.
A. Even though the flood had been predicted, inhabitants of isolated villages were taken by surprise by it.
B. They only interviewed people who were positive about the government’s proposal, C. Only the people who weren’t interviewed were against the government’s proposal. D. Everyone who was interviewed thought that the government’s proposal was a good idea.
B. There had been warnings about the flood, so the people in isolated villages Must not have been surprised by it.
37. As opposed to being beneficial, too much sleep can actually lower a person's performance.
C. The flood had been predicted, so even those people living in isolated villages were prepared for it. D. The flood had been predicted, yet the people in isolated villages were struck before they received the warnings. 32. It isn't just that the level of education of this school is high, it's that it's also been consistent for years. A. The level of education in this school, which is usually quite high, shows only slight variations from year to year. B. The standard of education is not high in this school, but at least all the students are at the same level. C. Not only are the standards of education good in this school, but it has maintained those standards over the years. D. It isn’t fair to deny that this school is successful, as it has had the same high standards for many years now. 33. In Japan, as In Turkey, It is unthinkable to enter a house wearing shoes. A. The Japanese and Turks are culturally very similar, an example of which is not wearing shoes inside. B. Nobody even considers going into a home with shoes on in Japan, and this custom is the same in Turkey. C. What the Turks appreciate about the Japanese is that, like them, they too don’t like wearing shoes in the house. D. Japan and Turkey are exactly the same, even to the point that shoes are not worn in the house.
A. Sleeping a little more than necessary can greatly improve one’s health. B. An excess of sleep may be worse for a person rather than better. C. People who are very active feel the benefit of rest more than those who aren’t. D. If a person is really tired, it is better for him to sleep a little more than he really needs. 38. So far, thanks to the fine weather, the project has gone according to schedule. A. There hasn’t yet been any bad weather to cause a change in the project’s schedule. B. Unless the weather turns in our fayour, trying to keep to the schedule is far From being realistic. C. The plans could not have gone ahead so quickly if they hadn’t been helped by good weather. D. The project can only proceed as scheduled if the climate permits. 39. The accident wasn't her fault because her car was stationary at the time. A. You can’t blame her for not moving when the accident occurred. B. She wasn’t responsible for the accident since it took place after she’d stopped, C. She was too slow at stopping the car in time to avoid the accident. D. As her car wasn’t moving when the accident happened, she wasn’t to blame for it. 40. Quite apart from the fact that he is unattractive, Ben just doesn't have a very likeable personality. A. It’s just because he looks ugly that people don’t like Ben. B. Not only does Ben not like other people, he also looks ugly. C. Besides not being very good-looking, Ben just isn’t a nice person. D. Although it’s not a very pleasant thing to say, Ben just isn’t nice at all.
41. Ideally, the meal should be accompanied by wine, but it is by no means essential.
trip.
A. Without wine, the food can never be perfect.
A. His business trip abroad was extended because people like him were scarce.
B. To get the most out of the food, serve it with wine, though it is still good without it. C. It is best to prepare the food using wine as this enhances the flayour.
B. Business abroad was so good that he could scarcely finish everything on one trip, C. As soon as he got back, business took him overseas again for a long time.
D. One of the basic ingredients of the meal is wine, in one form or another.
D. After returning from abroad, he had hardly any work to do until he went on another business trip.
42. Seeing that the bad weather had set in, we decided to find somewhere to spend the night.
48. She never eats cake except when she celebrates her birthday.
A. Bad weather was approaching, so we started to look for a place to stay.
A. Until her birthday, she will never taste even a small piece of cake.
B. The bad weather prevented us from driving any further.
B. At last, on her last birthday, she tried a piece of her birthday cake.
C. We chose to find a place for the night once the bad weather had really begun.
C. Although she celebrates her birthday every year, she never eats any of her birthday cake.
D. Because the climate was so severe, we were worried about what we’d do at night.
D. The only occasion on which she eats cake is on her own birthday.
43. This supermarket sells products at prices suitable for people from all walks of life.
49. It wasn't the best film I've ever seen, but it was definitely above average. A. I can only recall ever seeing one film better than that one.
A. Those from the lower class, in particular, shop at this supermarket because of its reasonable prices.
B. The film was better than most, though I have seen better ones, C. I’ve never seen such a good film in such an ordinary cinema.
B. The products sold at this supermarket are desired by people of all social classes, C. Only those who can’t afford the prices elsewhere prefer to shop at this supermarket.
D. I’ve seen a lot of dull films, but that one is worse than most.
D. People from any social class can afford the prices at this supermarket.
A. Can you ask Mona to call me if by any chance you see her?
44. Despite efforts being made to contain it, the forest fire continues to spread uncontrollably. A. Although people tided to stop the forest fire initially, the blaze soon grew out of control.
B. If you are meeting Mona today, ask her to get in touch with me. C. Could you tell Mona, if you see her, that I want my ring hack?
B. The forest fire still shows no sign of slowing down, regardless of attempts to get it under control.
D. If you see Mona while you’re out running, tell her I want to talk to her.
C. The fire is getting bigger so quickly that no one can possibly prevent it. D. Owing to the failure of the firemen to arrest it early on, the forest fire went out of control. 45. I'm sure it was not by accident that she embarrassed him in the presence of others. A. I feel no doubt that she deliberately caused him embarrassment in public. B. Her embarrassment in front of us was because of something he did intentionally, C. Everyone who was present knew that she'd embarrassed him on purpose. D. He was certainly embarrassed by the mistake she made in front of everyone. 46. Far more devastating for the author than the loss of his house to fire was the destruction of the sole copy of his latest novel. A. In his latest book, the author tells of the pain he suffered when he lost his home in a devastating fire. B. Even the destruction of his home in the fire was not as hard for the author to hear as the burning of the only manuscript of his new novel. C. Even more difficult for the author than writing his only book was seeing it destroyed when his house burnt down. D. The author was devastated to find his house burnt down with everything in it, among which was the only manuscript of his latest novel. 47. Scarcely had he returned from abroad, when he had to go on another extended business
50. If you happen to run into Mona, tell her to give me a ring.
6. The present situation on the country calls for a change in government policy.
-5-
A. The government is adapting its approach to suit the national demand. B. Many people phone members of the government regarding the country’s present situation.
1. The way a person's decorates his house usually reflects something of his personality.
C. There is a new government law which is likely to be met with discontent by the nation.
A. You can get some clues about a person’s personality by looking at how he’s decorated his house.
D. The government’s approach needs to be altered because of the country’s current circumstances.
B. It’s the personal belongings someone has used to decorate his house that give us some idea about his personality.
7. Had the heating been turned down sooner, the office wouldn't be so incredibly hot now.
C. Nothing reveals more about one’s personality than the way one’s house has been decorated. D. People like to decorate their houses differently because, in this way, they can reveal their individual tastes. 2. British novelist Ian Fleming is the man who created James Bond, the best- known hero of spy fiction in the late 2'Dth century. A. Ian Fleming was a famous British spy late in the 20th century who created and wrote about a fictional character by the name of James Bond. B. Ian Fleming is considered a British hero for his creation of James Bond, a fictional spy whom he wrote of in the late 20th century. C. James Bond, the most well-known fictional spy character of the late 1900s, is the creation of the British author Ian Fleming. D. Ian Fleming wrote extensively about the British spy James Bond in the late 1900s, but most of what he wrote was fiction. 3. The test is designed so that the questions get progressively harder. A. The test has been set up to be more difficult in order to test with precision the progress of those taking it. B. The format of the exam is such that it starts with easier questions and continues by gradually increasing in difficulty. C. Though the exam may seem very challenging at first glance, if you’ve made progress, you can do it well. D. This test has been formatted in such a way that only the most progressive students can do it. 4. His turning down the offer from the computer company surprised us all. A. We were amazed when the computer firm rejected his offer.
A. It was difficult to believe that the office could be so warm without any central heating. B. As the temperature of the heating system wasn’t lowered in time, the office is now extremely hot. C. Because it was surprisingly hot, the heating was quickly turned down in the office. D. We only began to feel warm in the office after the new heating system was installed. 8. Out of sheer mischievousness, the child left the water running and flooded the whole house. A The naughty child forgot to turn off the tap, with the result that the entire house was flooded. B. The naughty child played for so long in the running water that the whole house ended up being flooded. C. It was purely due to the child’s naughtiness that he caused the flooding of the entire house by not turning off the tap. D. It was the child’s naughtiness that made him turn on all the taps in the house to see if the water would flood it. 9. Parents can't expect to raise their children without making any sacrifices for them. A. Bringing up children is not always a painless experience for parents. B. Parents have to be prepared to give up some things for their children while bringing them up. C. Raising a child is probably the most self-sacrificing thing a person can do. D. Children expect their parents to make an awful lot of sacrifices for them. 10. No sooner had he recovered from the effects of the car accident than he had a heart attack. A. He would have recovered from the effects of the accident sooner if he hadn’t had a heart attack in the meantime. B. Soon after the car accident, he had a heart attack, making it more difficult for him to recover from its effects.
B. No one anticipated that he wouldn’t get an offer from the computer company.
C. He had an accident because of the heart attack that struck him while he was driving.
C. When he was turned down by the computer company, we were all shocked.
D. He’d hardly got over the effects of the car accident when he was struck by a heart attack.
D. None of us had expected him to reject the job offered by the computer firm.
11. An excessive consumption of sweets leads to obesity unless the energy obtained is used up.
5. The only thing I really need at this very moment is to be on my own for a while.
A. Be sure to do some exercise to burn off the excess energy you’ll get from eating sweets.
A. At the moment, nothing would help me feel better than spending some time by myself.
B. People get fat as a result of eating far too many sweets and doing nothing energetic at all.
B. I’d really rather be by myself at the moment than be among such a big crowd.
C. If a person eats too many sweets but doesn’t bum the energy thus given, he’ll become obese.
C. While I know I need to be alone at the moment, I don’t think it seems possible.
D. Obesity comes about because far too much sugar is consumed to be able to use the extra energy.
D. I’m not feeling very well at the moment, and I think it’s because I’ve been onm my own for so long.
12. The waitress had confused my order with the person at the next table's, so he received my chicken while I got his turkey.
A. The man at the table next to me got my chicken and I got his turkey because of the mix-up of our orders by the waitress.
B. She was running some errands when she suddenly realized that she had to go to the airport to meet heir husband, and she arrived there a bit late.
B. The waitress was so confused when she was taking our orders that she ended up giving my chicken to the man at the next table, and his turkey to me.
C. She had to run a few errands after she had picked her husband up at the airport, and so they arrived home a little late.
C. There was great confusion when the waitress gave my chicken order to the person at the next table and his mixed chicken-turkey order to me.
D. She had run several errands a short time before she went to pick her husband up at the airport, yet she still managed to get there just on time.
D. The waitress appeared to be confused when I said that I had ordered chicken, while the man at the next table had ordered turkey.
17. It took us all night to drive from Kansas to Texas, and by the end of the journey, we were absolutely exhausted.
13. The reason she wasn't responding to your questions is that her anger at you for what you said to her the other night still hasn't waned.
A. By the time we finally arrived in Kansas, we were completely exhausted because all night long we had driven through Texas.
A. What you said to her a few nights ago doesn’t matter any more because she’s no longer angry with you and will respond to any questions you ask her.
B. It was a whole night’s drive through Texas, so we were all very tired by the time we arrived at our destination in Kansas.
B. Your words to her the other night made her very angry, and for this reason she’s not asking you any questions.
C. We were driving from Kansas to Texas the whole night long, and when we finally got there, we were extremely tired.
C. She remains angry with you for all those things you said to her a few nights ago, and that’s why you weren’t getting any replies to your questions.
D. Driving from Kansas to Texas took us nearly one night, so we all felt exhausted when we eventually arrived there.
D. She hasn’t stopped being angry with you for your words to her a few nights ago, but there’s no reason for you not to respond to her questions, about them.
18. He agrees with me about the fact that our breaking up but staying friends is the best possible decision for us to make.
14. He had bought me the CD a couple of months before, but he was waiting for my birthday to actually give it to me.
A. I think there is no better decision for us to make than to separate yet remain on friendly terms, and he thinks so as well.
A. I think he gave me the CD on my birthday, but he had bought it for himself several months earlier.
B. He and I are of the same opinion that the best thing for us to do before breaking up is to speak with our friends.
B. I didn’t receive the CD until it was my birthday, even though he’d purchased it for me a few months earlier.
C. We have decided to remain friends after we’ve broken up, but this does not seem very possible to me.
C. He bought me the CD many months ago, yet he didn’t give it to me until after my birthday.
D. The only thing he agrees with me about is that we should stay friends now that we have separated.
D. On my birthday, he gave me the CD which he had actually bought for himself a few months before. 15. A lot of people believe that other life forms exist elsewhere in the universe, but we'll probably have to wait for a long time until we know for sure. A. Many people believe that it will take a long time for us to know for sure if other life forms exist somewhere else in the universe. B. It is certain that other life forms exist somewhere in the universe, but it will be a long time before people can find and get into contact with them. C. Many people have long believed that somewhere in the universe there certainly exist other life forms that are waiting for us to contact them. D. It is most likely that it will be many years before humans know for certain if there are aliens somewhere in the universe, but many people already believe they do. 16. Trying to run a few errands just before she went to the airport caused her to be a little late in meeting her husband there. A. It was due to her attempt to do some small tasks at the last moment that she arrived at the airport a few minutes late to pick her husband up.
19. Although she had been trying to quit smoking for several years, she wasn't successful until she used the hypnosis method. A. She had smoked for several years and tried to give it up under hypnosis many times, but she never succeeded in doing so. B. She has never managed to give up smoking, even though she has tried the normally successful hypnosis method. C. Her giving up smoking using the hypnosis method over several years turned out to be very successful. D. For many years, she attempted and failed to give up smoking, and it was only when she underwent hypnosis that she managed to do so. 20. Before he mowed back to his hometown towards the end of 1980, my brother had been Hiving abroad for about fen years. A. In the late 1980s, after he had lived abroad for about ten years, my brother moved back to his hometown. B. My brother lived abroad for nearly ten years until, at around the end of 1980, he returned to live
in his hometown.
in Estonia.
C. Towards the end of 1980, my brother left his hometown to live abroad for about ten years.
A. Towards the end of our trip, having visited all the main cities in Eastern Europe, we also wanted to see Tallinn, in Estonia.
D. In the late 1980s, my brother decided to live abroad and left his hometown, but he came back after about ten years. 21. I thought she was the right person for the position, yet it turned out that she was quite useless, A. Contrary to my initial impression, she was not totally unsuitable for the position. B. I was right in thinking that she was totally useless for the job. C. I was mistaken about her suitability for the position, since she proved rather incompetent.
B. Our tour included almost all major cities in Eastern Europe, besides Tallinn, in Estonia. C. During our trip, we visited all the main cities of Estonia, in Eastern Europe, apart from Tallinn. D. With the exception of Tallinn, in Estonia, we visited all the important cities in Eastern Europe during our tour. 27. She has beep living on her own for about ten years, but she had never been financially secure until she got that bank job last year.
D. Because I was expecting her to be competent, 1 was shocked to see her perform rather badly.
A. She’s been having financial troubles during the last ten years, even though she’s been living on her own and working in a bank the whole time.
22. At this time tomorrow, hopefully, SIS be relaxing at home rather than working this hard.
B. A year ago she found a job in a bank and became financially secure for the first time since she began living by herself about a decade ago.
A. Resting at home is something I hope to be doing at this time tomorrow, but I’ll probably be working quite hard instead. B. Tomorrow, rather than relaxing at home as I’d hoped to do, I’ll be working quite hard. C. I’m planning to relax at home tomorrow, instead of working so hard. D. I hope that, instead of working so hard at this time tomorrow, I’ll be at home resting.
C. For ten years she had been living there all alone, and was never financially secure even with the bank job she found last year. D. She hasn’t been living with anyone for nearly ten years, but owing to her bank job, she’s never had any financial worries.
23. Public education is so good in European countries that there is almost no demand for private schools.
28. The capital city of Latvia, Riga has maintained the atmosphere of a medieval German city.
A. Even the excellence of public education in Europe does not stop people from sending their children to private schools.
B. Latvia’s capital city, Riga was established in medieval times, and it looks like a German city.
A. Latvia’s capital, Riga, is a medieval German city with a nice atmosphere. C. Riga, Latvia’s capital city, was established by the Germans in medieval times.
B. People still send their children to private schools in Europe although the public education system is excellent.
D. Riga, Latvia’s capital, still reflects the characteristics of a medieval German city.
C. Hardly anyone sends their children to private schools in Europe because state schools are excellent.
29. When we arrived at the party after our car broke down on the way there, there weren't many people left.
D. In Europe, there is no reason for parents to send their children to private schools because state schools are so good. 24. The number of people participating in the conference was far below my expectation. A. I had expected that many more people would actually attend the conference. B. I think attendance at the conference was low because it was held too far away from the city centre. C. I knew that holding such a conference required the participation of more people. D. The number of participants at the conference far exceeded my expectations. 25. Seeing how happy she looked, I was certain that Jack had proposed to her. A. I knew just by looking at her that she was in love with Jack. B. The happy look on her face convinced me that she’d received a marriage proposal from Jack. C. Judging by the happy look on her face, I guess that she accepted Jack’s marriage proposal. D. When I talked to her, I learnt that she was so happy because Jack had proposed to her. 26. By the end of our tour, we had been to every major city in Eastern Europe, except Tallinn,
A. Our car broke down on the way to the party and by the time we got there, most of the guests had already left. B. Because we had car trouble on the way to the party, many people grew tired of waiting and left before we arrived there. C. Not many people had left the party yet when we got there, although we were late because of a car problem on the way. D. When we arrived at the party after we had had car trouble on the way there, hardly anyone had left yet. 30. She had to buy a new battery for her mobile phone because the charge was unable to last for more than two hours. A. She had to charge a new battery for her mobile phone because the old one only lasted for a little over two hours. B. Her mobile phone couldn’t hold a charge for more than two hours, so she had to buy a new battery. C. Because she charged her new mobile phone battery for only two hours, the charge did not last very long.
D. The new battery she bought for her mobile phone would not hold a charge for longer than two hours.
A. They are going to move into a new house in January so that the baby can have its own room when it is born in March.
31. Ever since she saw a documentary about Cappadocia, she has dreamed of visiting its famous rock churches,
B. When the baby is born in March, it will have its own room because they are moving into a bigger house in January.
A. Her dream has always been to see Cappadocia’s famous rock churches and make a documentary about them.
C. When they move into the new house in March, two months after the baby is born, there will be a separate room for the baby.
B. Whenever she watches a documentary about Cappadocia, she dreams of visiting the famous rock churches there.
D. Because they will have moved into a bigger house by March, the baby will have its own room as soon as it is born.
C. She watched a documentary on Cappadocia, and from then on, her wish has been to see its famous rock churches.
36. As soon as she walked in through the front door, Susan got the feeling that she was not alone in the house.
D. Long ago she saw a documentary on Cappadocia, and when recently she went to visit its famous rock churches, she 1'ealized her long-held dream.
A. Since she wasn’t alone in the house, Susan had a feeling that she shouldn’t have gone in through the front door.
32. The dry weather during the winter meant that there was not enough water for us during the summer.
B. Susan felt that there was someone else in the house the moment she came in by the front door.
A. We were short of water in the summer because of the lack of rain in the winter.
C. Although there was no one in the house when Susan walked in the front door, she realized that someone had been there.
B. We spent the summer suffering from a shortage of water, though we had had plenty of rain during the winter.
D. Even though there was no one else in the house, Susan was afraid to walk in through the front door.
C. The reason why we’re suffering from a water shortage this summer is the dry spell last winter.
37. I really doubt that you'll be able to get the support of all the members.
D. We haven’t had much rain so far, and this means that we will be short of water this summer.
A. I’m sure you’ll only get the support of a few members.
33. Even after the devastating earthquake, when buying a house people are still more interested in its appearance than in its structure.
B. It seems to me that none of the members will support you. C. I have no doubt that you’ll be able to get the support of all the members.
A. Since the destructive earthquake, people have become even more concerned about the structure of a house than how it looks.
D. I’m almost certain there will be members who won’t give you their support.
B. Despite the devastating earthquake, some people still care about the appearance of a house, but not about its structure.
38. While she was writing a novel set in ancient Rome, she visited Italy in order to do some research.
C. Even people who lived through the destructive earthquake seem to care more for how a house looks, than for how strong it is.
A. She went to Italy for research since she was writing a novel that takes place in ancient Rome. B. While she was visiting Italy, she decided to write a novel set in ancient Rome.
D. Even the destructive earthquake has not stopped people, when buying a house, from paying more attention to how it looks than how strong it is.
C. She wanted to do some research about the book she was writing on ancient Italy, so she went to Rome.
34. The police officer shot the crimirIal because he refused to put down his weapon and surrender.
39. They were being very secretive about what had happened at yesterday's meeting.
A. The police officer was about to shoot at the criminal, but just then, he put down his gun and surrendered.
A. They told everyone that whatever had happened at the previous meeting was going to be kept secret.
B. The criminal didn’t listen to the warning to drop his gun and surrender, so the police officer shot him.
B. Whatever happened at yesterday’s meeting, it’s obvious that they won’t let it be known by others.
C. The police officer didn’t realize that the criminal had dropped his weapon and was surrendering, so he shot him.
C. They wouldn’t give out anything about the things that occurred at the meeting the previous day.
D. She read a novel about ancient Rome while she was doing research in Italy.
D. The police officer saw the criminal put down his weapon and surrender, but he shot him anyway.
D. The contents of the meeting held the previous day were confidential, so they refused to talk about them.
35. She will have the baby in January, but the baby won't have its own room until they move into their new house in March.
40. I didn't interrupt you in the middle of an important discussion by asking your opinion about my new hairstyle, did I?
A. I hope you weren’t talking about anything important when I asked you how I looked with my new hairstyle. B. I wish I had realized that you were discussing something important; then I wouldn’t have interrupted you by asking your opinion about my new hairstyle. C. Why didn’t you tell me that you were talking about something important when I came to you and asked about my new hairstyle? D. If you didn’t want your discussion to be interrupted, why didn’t you tell me so when I came to ask you about my new hairstyle? 41. According to what I've heard from the weather report, the outlook for the whole week is sunshine. A. It is predicted by the weather forecaster that it will get sunnier towards the end of the week. B. The outlook for the week is that this sunny weather will continue all through the week. C. According to the weather report, it will become sunny some time during the week. D. I’ve listened to the weather forecast, and it says it will be sunny throughout the week. 42. It's unfair that such a well-qualified person as you are could not find a better-paid job. A. Sometimes people with good qualifications get low-paid jobs, which isn’t fair. B. A person as well-qualified as you are does not deserve to have such a low-paid job. C. I don’t approve of paying well-qualified people a low salary. D. Considering the qualifications required for this job, what you earn is not justified. 43. Jim told me that last year, the company celebrated their tenth anniversary with an elaborate dinner party that was held in an old castle. A. Last year, according to Jim, there was an elaborate banquet which took place in an old castle in honour of the company’s tenth anniversary.
D. You are so well qualified that you are almost certain to find a job. 46. They asked Mary if she was going to make a contribution to the Iraqi refugee fund, but she looked indifferent and walked away. A. Maiy is rather indifferent to the suffering of Iraqi refugees, so they shouldn’t have asked her to donate some money to the fund. B. Even though Mary doesn’t take an interest in the plight of Iraqi refugees, they asked her to give some money to the fund anyway. C. When she was asked to make a donation for the Iraqi refugee fund, Mary said she was going to help them in a different way. D. Although they asked Mary to make a donation to the Iraqi refugee fund, she walked off, appearing not to care about it. 47. Mark must have managed to book our hotel rooms, as we haven't heard anything to the contrary from him. A. Mark hasn’t phoned yet to confirm that he has booked our hotel rooms, so he might not have managed to do so after all. B. I imagine Mark has been able to make our hotel reservations, or he’d let us know if it had turned out otherwise. C. We haven’t heard anything from Mark so far about whether he has managed to make our hotel reservations or not. D. I wonder if Mark has been able to book our hotel rooms, since he hasn’t informed us about the result. 48. It is no exaggeration to say that there was not a single person in the audience who was not moved by the sentimental play. A. To say that the whole audience was touched by the emotional play is just I'eflecting the truth.
B. According to Jim, the ancient castle provides a wonderful place to arrange any special occasion, such as the party his company held there on their tenth anniversary.
B. The play was so sentimental that there was hardly anyone in the audience who remained unaffected.
C. Jim says that since last year, his company has been preparing for an elaborate banquet in an old castle to celebrate their tenth anniversary.
D. Everyone in the audience admitted that they had never seen such a moving play as this.
C. Without exaggeration, the play deeply affected practically the whole audience.
D. The company where Jim works held an elaborate party in an old castle last year to celebrate their tenth anniversary.
49. Cigarettes cost more in Britain than they do in Vietnam.
44. If only she had saved more money, she would he able to visit Thailand again next summer.
B. British cigarettes do not cost as much as Vietnam cigarettes.
A. She really needs to save more money if she wants to come to Thailand next summer. B. Why doesn’t she save more money if she wants to come to Thailand? C. She has not saved enough money to be able to go back to Thailand next summer. D. If I were her, I would save more money and come to Thailand again. 45. With your qualifications, it would be surprising if you didn't find a job.
A. It is less costly to buy cigarettes in Britain than it is in Vietnam. C. In Vietnam, cigarettes are not as expensive as they are in Britain. D. Cigarettes are the most expensive in Britain, but they are cheap in Vietnam. 50. Simon was very nervous because it was his first time on a TV talk show. A. Simon was too nervous to perform well on the TV talk show.
A. If you want to find a job, you should become better qualified.
B. Simon always feels nervous when he appears on TV talk shows, C. Simon shouldn’t go on a TV talk show if he feels so nervous.
B. I wonder why you haven’t found a job, because you have such good qualifications.
D. Simon had never been on a TV talk show before, so he was nervous.
C. The better your qualifications, the more likely you are to find a job.
-6-
A. My sister is so much like me, since she too takes part in organizing events voluntarily.
1. I couldn't decide if I should go out with a jacket or not as the weather forecast had predicted that a very warm afternoon would follow the cold morning.
C. Both my sister and I would be very happy to take part in organizing the event. D. I would like my sister to volunteer to take part in organizing the event.
A. I decided not to bring my jacket with me because, although the morning was going to be cold, the weather report had said it would be fairly hot in the afternoon. B. When the weather report said it was going to be cold in the morning but would become quite hot in the afternoon, I wasn’t sure whether to bring my jacket with me or not.
B. My sister was so keen to take part in the organization of the event, that I encouraged her.
7. Duncan was afraid of being left on his own in the haunted house. A. When Duncan was left alone in the haunted house, he was scared. B. The possibility of being abandoned in the haunted house scared Duncan, C. Duncan was too scared to be left by himself in the haunted house.
C. It was cold in the morning, but as the weather report forecast a hotter afternoon, I couldn’t decide whether to carry my jacket with me or not.
D. Duncan was scared of being alone in the haunted house, so he left it.
D. Although the weather forecast said that the cool morning was going to be followed by a warm afternoon, I thought it would be better to bring my jacket with me.
8. The townspeople were not aware that the factory upstream was dumping mercury into the river, so they had no Idea why so many of their children were dying.
2. In Thailand, the further you go towards the border with Laos, the higher the risk of malaria.
A. For a long time, the townspeople couldn’t see the link between the high mortality rate among their children and the dumping of mercury from the factory further up the river.
A. The danger of getting malaria in Thailand increases the closer you get to its border with Laos.
B. The people in the town couldn’t understand the reasons for their children’s deaths, because the factory discharging mercury into the river was so much farther up the river.
B. The border with Laos has a higher risk to you of malaria than anywhere else in Thailand. C. Although there is malaria all over Thailand, the risk of catching it gets higher in Laos. D. There is a great risk to you of catching malaria around the far-off Thai border mwith Laos.
C. The reason why so many children in the town were dying was a mystery to the local residents as they didn’t know that the factory up the river was discharging mercury into it.
3. I remember having bought a cassette of The Beaties for Jane's birthday.
D. Although many children were dying, and the town’s residents didn’t know the reason why, the factory that was polluting the river with mercury kept on doing so.
A. I thought that I had bought Jane a cassette of The Beatles for her birthday
9. The owners of Britain's privatized railways are often accused of trading safety for profit.
B. For Jane’s birthday, I remembered to buy a cassette of The Beatles.
A. Companies running British railways are frequently blamed for ignoring safety for the sake of making money.
C. I haven’t forgotten to buy a cassette of The Beatles for Jane’s birthday D. I bought a cassette of The Beatles for Jane’s birthday, and I’m aware of it now. 4. It was not until after I had got home that I realized I had not set the burglar alarm in the office. A. On the way home, I suddenly realized that I had forgotten to turn on the mburglar alarm in the office. B. Fortunately, I realized that I hadn’t set the burglar alarm just before I left for home; otherwise, I would have had to travel all the way back to the office. C. I didn’t turn the burglar alarm on before I left the office, but I only became aware of this after I’d arrived home. D. I wish I had realized before 1 arrived home that I hadn’t turned on the burglar alarm in the office; then it would have been easier to go and set it.
B. Everyone knows that the people in charge of British railways are more interested in their income than in safety. C. Ever since British railways passed into private hands, they have become more profitable but more dangerous as well. D. Privatization may have become profitable for the government, but it has definitely not increased rail safety in Britain. 10. Hell know If he's got the position or not sometime before 5 o'clock today. A. If they decide to accept him for the position, they’ll contact him around 5 o’clock today. B. Although it seems certain that he will be accepted, the decision won’t be made known to him until 5 o’clock. C. If he has been accepted for the position, he will receive the confirmation at around 5 p.m. today.
5. Why don't we go to Niceville in the spring, when it's not so cold?
D. By 5 p.m. today he’ll be informed about whether he’s been accepted for the position.
A. It’s too cold to go to Niceville now, so we should wait until later.
11. Umberto Ecu's novels have lately become less complex and more entertaining.
B. Why do you insist that we go to Niceville in winter, when it’s so cold? C. Spring is the best time of year to visit Niceville.
A. The recent novels of Umberto Eco are not as complicated, but are more fun to read than his earlier ones.
D. Spring, when it’s warmer, would he a better time for us to go to Niceville.
B. Umberto Eco’s early novels were so intricate that they were sometimes not very readable.
6. My sister would love to be Involved In the organization of the event, and so would I.
C. The novels of Umberto Eco are intellectually satisfying, however amusing they may be, because
of their complexity.
end, he went with Honore.
D. Few writers combine complexity and entertainment as effectively as Umberto Eco does.
18.I wouldn't recommend reading Troilus and Cressida unless you are required to at university.
12. In the course of learning English, I had three different teachers from Canada. A. I was taught to speak English by three separate Canadian teachers. B. Three Canadian teachers taught me at different times while I was studying English, C. Since I started studying English, I have been taught by three different Canadian teachers. D. The 3 different teachers on my language course were all Canadians. 13. The writer Kate Millett was forced to stay in a psychiatric hospital by her family. A. Problems with her family made the writer Kate Millett go to a psychiatric hospital. B. Together with her family, the writer Kate Millett was made to go into a psychiatric hospital. C. The writer Kate Millett’s family made her stay in a psychiatric hospital. D. The family of the writer Kate Millet convinced her to remain in a psychiatric hospital. 14. Susan congratulated Jane on having beaten Fiona at the chess tournament. A. Jane beat Fiona at the chess tournament, and so Susan suggested celebrating this victory.
A. I hope it is not necessary for your university to make Troilus and Cressida part of the required reading. B. I think you should only read Troilus and Cressida if you have to at university, C. It is a requirement to read Troilus and Cressida at your university; otherwise, I wouldn’t have recommended it. D. Unless you have to go to university, I don’t recommend reading Troilus and Cressida. 19, The rent the landlord was asking was much more than what the flat was worth. A. The owner was asking for rent which was far above the true value of the flat. B. The flat was worth a lot more than what the landlord was asking. C. We found the landlord very greedy, as he was asking for too much rent for the flat D. The landlord asked much more rent for the flat than I could afford 20. Some doubt remains as to the route Alvar Nunez Cabeza de Vaca took to Mexico.
B. For her victory over Fiona at the chess tournament, Jane was complimented by Susan.
A. Alvar Nunez Cabeza de Vaca remained uncertain as to which route he should take to get to Mexico
C. Susan was the first to congratulate Jane when she won a victory over Fiona at the chess tournament.
B. Some people doubt that Alvar Nunez Cabeza de Vaca went to Mexico by road.
D. Jane won the chess tournament by finally beating Fiona, so Susan congratulated her for it. 15. In the 1996 presidential election in the us, the majority of Americans abstained from voting. A. Most Americans chose not to vote for any presidential candidate in the 1996 election in the us. B. The us presidential election had to be held again in 1996, as the majority of Americans refused to vote. C. In the us presidential election of 1996, many Americans decided not to cast a vote. D. The majority of American voters cast a vote in the us presidential election of 1996. 16. A report in 2001 concluded that reptiles are too dangerous to be kept as pets. A. The reptiles that are kept as pets are very dangerous, according to a 2001 report. B. When reptiles are kept as pets, they become aggressive, according to a 2001 report, C. A report from 2001 concluded that dangerous reptiles don’t need to be kept as pets. D. Reptiles aren’t safe enough to be looked after as pets, according to a report from 2001. 17. Reuben preferred to go with Enrique to the doctor's, but he had to go with Honore instead.
C. It is still not certain how Alvar Nunez Cabeza de Vaca discovered Mexico. D. Which way Alvar Nunez Cabeza de Vaca took to Mexico is still not entirely clear. 21. I wonder why John and Mark came back from York so soon, as I was thinking of going there myself, A. I’ve asked John and Mark why they didn’t stay in York for longer, because I want to go there myself B. I wish John and Mark would tell me why they spent such a short time in York, as it’ll be useful for me when I go there myself. C. I was planning to visit York, so I would be interested to know the reason why John and Mark returned from there in such a short time. D. As I have planned to go to York, I would like John and Mark to tell me how long it takes to get there and back. 22, Although I know they are from Morocco, I'm not sure if they speak French. A. I know that they are Moroccans, so they must be able to speak French. B. I’m not certain whether or not they speak French, but I’m aware that they are Moroccans.
A. Reuben went to see Honore, as Enrique wouldn’t go with him to the doctor’s.
C. Because they arc Moroccans, they probably know how to speak French.
B. Enrique refused to go with Reuben to the doctor’s, so Honore had to accompany him there.
D. I believe they are Moroccans, which means that they are probably able to speak French
C. Reuben ended up going to the doctor’s with Honore, although he would rather have gone there with Enrique.
23, My son refuses to admit that he was not sufficiently prepared for his final exams; but unfortunately, this was the case,
D. Reuben liked Enrique more than Honore, so he wanted to go to the doctor’s with him, but in the
A. My son, regrettably, didn’t study enough to get ready for his final exams, but he won’t accept this.
B. However hard he had studied, my son was still not sufficiently prepared for his final exams. C. My son believes that his final exams were very difficult, and refuses to admit that he had studied poorly for them. D. Unfortunately, my son wouldn’t admit that his not doing well in his final exams was due to his poor preparations. 24, As usual, she'll just have a quick look at her notes a few minutes bổère the exam, and still get another good mark. A. She does hardly any work before the exams, so it’s amazing that she still manages to get such high scores. B. She’ll still manage to get a high score again by merely glancing at her notes a short time before the exam.
D. Our manager estimates that by the end of the year, we’ll be dealing with a greater amount of business than was thought at first. 28. In order to be able to enter the concert hall, everyone had to show their identity cards first. A. Those who did not have their identity cards with them had a hard time trying to get into the concert hall. B. No one was allowed into the concert hall without first showing their identity cards. C. Many of those who were entering the concert hall were asked to show their identity cards. D. Some people were able to get into the concert hall without much difficulty because they had their identity cards with them. 29. Being an attentive listener during the lectures will enable you to understand them easily,
C. usually she just glances at her notes before an exam, but still her marks are quite high.
A. Only by listening to the lectures carefully will you be able to understand them.
D. Although she still doesn’t study thoroughly before an exam, she somehow manages to get good marks.
B. Since you do not attend the lectures regularly, you will always find them difficult to understand.
25. Whenever Michael and Peter, who are actually dose friends, come together, they can't help arguing about their football teams. A. Whatever subject they start talking about, Michael and Peter end up arguing about their football teams; but they are still good friends B. Since they are good friends Michael and Peter have a lot in common, except their football teams, and they argue quite a lot about that.
C. You won’t have any difficulty understanding the lectures if you listen to them carefully. D. If you listened more carefully during the lectures, you wouldn’t find them so difficult to understand. 30, Unfortunately, I didn't remember to tell him to pick up his suit at the dry- cleaner's on his way home, A. I really don’t remember telling him to collect his suit at the dry-cleaner’s on his way home.
C. Although good friends, Michael and Peter are unable to stop themselves from arguing about their football teams every time they meet.
B. I was going to tell him to pick up his suit at the dry-cleaner’s on his way home, but unfortunately, I forgot.
D. Michael and Peter, who normally get on well, should avoid talking about their football teams when they meet, or they’ll end up arguing all the time.
C. I tried not to forget to tell him that he should pick up his suit at the dry- cleaner’s as he was coming home.
26. The slippery road conditions are certain to have been the major cause of yesterday's chain accident.
D. Regrettably, I forgot to remind him to collect his suit at the dry-cleaner’s as he was coming home.
A. It is indisputable that yesterday’s accident involving many vehicles was mainly due to the slippery road.
31. The only thing I don't like about this house is that it faces north, so it is difficult to heat it in winter.
B. The accident that occurred yesterday involved many vehicles because the road was slippery.
A. I’m completely satisfied with this house, apart from its facing north, which means that it isn’t easily heated in winter.
C. The accident that happened yesterday due to the slipper}' road conditions involved many vehicles. D. I’m sure the chain accident yesterday wouldn’t have occurred if the road had not been slippery. 27. The manager is quite sure that the volume of business we'll have dealt with by the end of our first year will exceed the initial estimates. A. The manager is trying to increase the volume of business we’ll do in our first year in order to exceed the initial estimates. B. According to the manager, there is no reason why we should not do more business in our first year than we had initially set as our target. C. The manager has no doubt that we’ll have a greater amount of business in our first year than was expected when we started.
B. This house would be perfect if it didn’t face north, because then we wouldn’t spend so much trying to heat it in winter. C. I don’t really like this house because it faces north and thus it is very expensive to heat during the winter. D. The reason why I don’t like this house is that it is not very easy to heat in winter because it faces north. 32, Some of the football fans began to riot when the referee awarded their rival team a dubious penalty, A. A riot was almost started by the football fans when the opposing team was given a questionable penalty by the referee. B. Although their team had been awarded a dubious penalty decision, some of the football fans still
tided to start a riot. C. The referee granted a doubtful penalty to the opposing team, so some of the football fans started to riot.
B. Everybody remained silent when the coach shouted at the footballers. C. There was a great silence among the footballers after the coach had shouted. D. The footballers were listening to the things that the coach was shouting at them.
D. A number of football fans found the referee’s penalty decision to the rival team so dubious that they protested violently.
38. It was of my own free will that I decided to withdraw from the race.
33, I'd recommend you to hire a professional to do the decoration of your house instead of doing it on your own,
B. I was willing to compete in the race, but then I withdrew voluntarily.
A. Of course, a professional may do a better job on your house, though it is not too difficult for you to do it yourself.
D. I’d already decided that I wanted to withdraw from the race.
B. I can’t see why you didn’t hire a professional instead of trying to decorate the house by yourself. C. In my opinion, the result would be much nicer if you were to employ a professional to paint your house. D. I think you ought to have your house decorated by a professional rather than do it by yourself. 34. What surprised her was that her painting was chosen the best out of the over fifty entries in the competition. A. She was amazed how quickly they had evaluated the fifty entries at the competition, with hers being chosen the best. B. Of all the paintings taking part in the competition, about fifty were chosen to be further considered, and surprisingly, hers was selected as well. C. Among the more than fifty paintings taking part in the competition, hers was selected as the best, and yet she was not actually expecting this. D. She was stunned when her painting was declared the best, as they’d already evaluated fifty entries before hers. 35. I guess most people hate doing the ironing more than any other housework. A. I strongly believe that ironing is one of the most unpleasant household duties. B. It’s my belief that most people do not detest doing any housework as much as they do ironing. C. Compared to other housework, ironing is the least preferable for most people. D. Doing housework is generally tedious, especially when it involves ironing. 36. The hotel barely had any of the facilities we were promised by the travel agent when we made our reservations. A. We were hoping to use as many facilities as we could at the hotel as, according to the travel agent, there were plenty there. B. We expected, as we had been promised by the travel agent, that there would be many facilities at the hotel, but there were none. C. None of the facilities at the hotel that the travel agent had promised us while booking our holiday were actually what we had been led to believe. D. The facilities the travel agent promised us while booking our holiday were practically non existent at the hotel. 37. No one said anything when the coach shouted at the footballers. A. The footballers waited for the coach to finish shouting before they said anything.
A. My withdrawal from the race was a voluntary decision. C. They freely accepted my application for a withdrawal from the race. 39. Martin wits no longer be able to attend the university now that the tuition fees have increased so much. A. It will be difficult for Martin to continue attending the university with these costly tuition fees. B. The university should never have made the tuition fees so expensive, as now Martin will have to drop out. C. After the raise in the tuition fees, they become unaffordable for Martin, who will now have to leave the university. D. With the tuition fees being so high after the recent increase, Martin is thinking of quitting the university. 40. The first time he caught the attention of the critics was after his appearance in his third film. A. Despite the failure of his first two films, his third one made him a famous actor. B. His third film made him famous in the film industry as soon as it was released. C. Film critics did not even know that there was an actor by that name before he appeared in his thud film. D. He failed to make an impression on the critics with his first two films, but he msucceeded with his third. 41. When he called to tell me that he was studying, I didn't believe him because I could hear the noise of a party in the background. A. I didn’t believe that he could study properly with the noise of a party in the background and I told him that when he telephoned. B. Although he rang me to tell me that he was studying, I couldn’t hear what he was saying properly because of my unbelievably noisy party. C. Because of the sounds of a party I heard in the background when he phoned, I didn’t believe his claim that he was studying. D. Though he was studying when he called, I thought he was lying because in the background there were party-like sounds. 42. Dwight Eisenhower was one of the most successful American generals of World War II A. There were no better generals in World War II than Dwight Eisenhower. B. Dwight Eisenhower did better than the majority of other American generals in World War II. C. Dwight Eisenhower was an American who succeeded in becoming a general mduring World
War II. D. Several American generals in World War II were more successful than Dwight Eisenhower. 43. James was amazed at being turned down for the job owing to the fact that he was overqualified.
D. Although it only became independent in 1776, the United States has already undergone many great changes. 48. It's going to be extremely difficult for me to get 100% on the test, isn't it? A. I think it will be tremendously hard for me to get a full score in the test, don’t you?
A. Not being hired for the job because he had too many qualifications came as a shock to James.
B. Do you think I’ll be able to get a 100% score on this extremely difficult test?
B. James believes that the reason why he was rejected for the job was his having too many qualifications.
C. Is it always going to be so incredibly hard for me to take full marks in a test?
C. James felt that he did not get the job because the boss was intimidated by his qualifications. D. James had thought he was qualified enough for the job and so was disappointed at being turned down. 44. Though he's never been an interesting person, last night he was more boring than ever.
D. I think this is going to be the hardest test for me to take a score of 100% in, isn’t it? 49. In my opinion, environmental activists deserve more support than they've been given so far. A. The lack of support given to environmental activists really makes me very angry. B. As of yet, I don’t think environmental activists have been given the support that they merit.
A. As he was so amazingly dull last night, he will no longer be seen as an interesting person.
C. Activists have done so much good for our environment that they deserve more support.
B. He’s known to be quite boring, but last night he was the most dull that he ever has been.
D. I consider that environmental activists have been given far more support than they actually merit.
C. Although he’s not usually that interesting, last night he was actually extremely boring. D. The boring subjects he spoke about last night shows that he will never manage to be an interesting person. 45. Considering that we travelled right across the country, the bus ticket was surprisingly reasonable. A. Because we were able to move right through the country, the price of the bus ticket didn’t bother us. B. The ticket for the bus, which took us from one side of the country to the other, was the cheapest that we could find. C. The most reasonable way to go right across the country was by bus, so we bought ourselves a ticket. D. As the bus brought us right across the country, we found the price of the ticket to be cheaper than its value to us. 46. Of all the languages that can be found on Earth, Finnish is supposed to be the most difficult. A. All the other languages that can be found in the world are much easier than Finnish. B. Finnish is supposed to be among the most difficult of all the languages spoken in the world. C. It is thought that Finnish is the hardest of all the languages that are known of in the world. D. There are several very difficult languages to be found on our planet, and Finnish is one of them. 47. The United States has changed so much that it no longer resembles the nation that became independent in 1776. A. Since gaining its independence in 1776, the United States has gone through many great changes. B. The United States is now extremely different from the nation which gained its independence in 1776. C. The United States has altered so radically that it is difficult to believe that it has only been independent since 1776.
50. In summer in India, the heat As most intensive in the plains, but lessens as you move up into the mountains. A. The extreme heat of the Indian plains in the summer decreases as you move toward the mountains. B. The heat in the plains of India, in the summer, is less intensive than the heat you will find in the mountains. C. The intensity of Indian summer heat depends on whether you are in the plains or in the mountains. D. The extreme heat of the summer in India becomes proportionately cooler as you go up into the mountains from the plains.
A. If the roof had been in better condition, we would certainly have decided to buy the attractive wooden house we had viewed by the river.
-71. When the witness finally went to the police, he was asked if he knew anything about the murder, and he replied that he had seen the accused repeatedly shooting a blindfolded man. A. At last the witness decided to talk to the police, and in reply to one of then- questions, he said that he saw a few men, including the accused, who were all shooting at a blindfolded man. B. The witness told the police, in response to a question, that what he saw at the time of the murder was a few men, one of them the accused, shooting reneatedly a man whose eyes were covered. C. After at last going to the police, the witness told them, in response to their question, that he had watched the accused firing his gun many times into a man whose eyes were covered. D. After finally going to the police, the witness told them, to answer them question, that it must have been the accused he saw shooting a man whose eyes were covered. 2. Nepal has the highest potential per capita water resources in the world, yet it is unable to provide a reliable water supply to its capital. A. Nowhere in the world has as much water as Nepal, but the problem is getting it to the country’s capital. B. Although in theory there is more water per person in Nepal than in any other country in the world, the capital is not provided with a reliable water supply. C. The capital of Nepal would not have a reliable water supply were it not for the large amount of water available in the country. D. The people of Nepal enjoy reliable water supplies everywhere in the country, except in the capital, where the shortage of water is the biggest problem.
B. Even if the roof of the pleasant wooden house by the river had not been in such a bad condition, we would probably have decided not to buy it once we had really thought about it. C. Because of the poor condition of the roof, we decided not to buy the nice-looking wooden house we had looked at by the river and had considered buying. D. Although the beautiful house next to the river, which was made of wood, had a broken roof, after looking at it, we still considered buying it. 6. In the case of snakebite, if an antidote is given quickly enough after being bitten, the risk to the person of dying is very much reduced. A. When people have been bitten by a snake, their chances of survival are far higher if an antidote is administered soon afterwards. B. After being bitten by a snake, if enough antidote is given, then the risk to that person of speedily dying is considerably lowered. C. The rapidly expanding use of antidotes have made the risk of being killed through snakebites far lower than it used to be. D. If an antidote is given too quickly after a person has been bitten by a snake, then there is a slight risk of that person dying from it. 7. With each passing year, the number of different plant and animal species on our planet gets smaller. A. There are only a small number of species of plants and animals in any given year on our planet B. Each year the number of disappearing plant and animal species gets smaller. C. Some species of plants and animals are getting smaller with every passing year.
3. I see little difference between stealing from the poor and exploiting them for gain.
D. Every year on Earth more plant and animal species are becoming extinct.
A. In my opinion, exploiting the poor for profit and robbing them is almost exactly the same.
8. Even though Ian was just as experienced as Jack, he was not the one who got promoted because he was so disliked by the boss.
B. I’m amazed to see that poor thieves are exploited in a different way for economic advantage. C. I view exploiting the poor for economic advantage as being a little like stealing from them. D. I’ve noticed that the exploitation of the poor for profit has forced many of them to start stealing. 4. He decided not to take the job after all, as, although the rest of the contract was fine, the holidays were too short. A. After he had made up his mind not to take the job because of the short holidays, he realized that actually everything else in the contract had been quite good. B. As the vacations were not long enough, he finally decided not to accept the contract for work even though he had no problem with anything else in it. C. Although he chose not to accept the job, he admits that the majority of the contract was good, even with the rather short holidays. D. If the holidays had been longer, because the remainder of the contract was good, he might have considered taking the job. 5. We thought of buying the pretty wooden house we saw by the river, but then we gave up the idea, as the roof was too damaged.
A. Besides being so disliked by his boss, Ian also lacked Jack’s experience, and therefore he was not promoted. B. Because the boss really didn’t like Ian, Jack was promoted, although the two had the same amount of experience. C. Although they had more or less the same amount of experience, because of the boss’s hatred, Jack was promoted and Ian wasn’t. D. If the boss hadn’t hated Ian so much, he would have promoted him instead of Jack, because he had more experience. 9. Because Tsar Nicholas is of Russia ruled with such incompetence, he was thrown from power in a revolution. A. Tsar Nicholas II lost the power to rule Russia, although the revolution had been badly managed. B. Because the revolutionaries found the Tsar of Russia, Nicholas II, to be such an unintelligent ruler, they decided to overthrow him. C. Tsar Nicholas II of Russia would have become able to rule with competence if he hadn’t been
removed from power in a revolution.
landscape, Ethiopia has kept traditions found nowhere else in the world.
D. In Russia, a revolution occurred which removed Tsai’ Nicholas II from power because he had been running the country so badly.
B. Ethiopia has traditions quite different from those found elsewhere because its hostile geography has not allowed it to develop the way the rest of the world did.
10. In my opinion, the Beatles' White Album is the best album of all time, A. I’m sure many people must realize just how good the Beatles’ White Album is.
C. Because Ethiopia had so many enemies in their land for hundreds of years, it has developed and kept a number of customs found nowhere else on earth.
B. I think that the Beatles’ White Album is probably one of the most influential albums in musical history.
D. Ethiopia has customs and traditions found nowhere else in the world because no one has been able to go there for such a long time.
C. As far as I am concerned, there has never been a better album than the Beatles’ White Album.
16. The chicken I ordered wasn't cooked well enough for my taste, so I asked for another.
D. The Beatles’ White Album will go down in history as a ground-breaking record.
A. The chicken they brought me was not what 1 had ordered, so I wanted it to be replaced.
11. We missed a lot of classes because of the snow sn the winter, so we will have to make them up in the spring. A. It will be necessary for us to have extra classes in the spring to compensate for those lost to the snow in the winter.
B. I ordered a well-cooked chicken, but when it was delivered, I didn’t like its taste. C. I requested a different chicken when the one I wanted wasn’t cooked as much as I would have wanted it to be. D. Although I had ordered a well-cooked chicken, they brought me a different kind.
B. If we hadn’t lost so many days because of the winter snow, we wouldn’t have had to work so many more hours in the spring.
17. Louise has tried again and again to phone the number you gave her, but it is constantly engaged.
C. Having missed so many days because of the snow, we should make them up in the spring.
A. Louise has found that number you gave her to be always busy, even though she’s tried ringing it many times.
D. Normally the classes lost to the snow during the winter are made up in the spring.
B. Louise has been so busy that she hasn’t yet been able to call the number that you gave her.
12. Despite the stage and screen portrayals of her, Cleopatra was not actually breathfakingly beautiful.
C. The number that you gave Louise was engaged when she phoned, but she’ll try again.
A. Cleopatra was as beautiful as she has always been portrayed in films and plays.
D. The number you gave Louise must be busy all the time, since she hasn’t managed to reach them.
B. It is the way she has been portrayed on stage and screen that has given us our image of Cleopatra.
18. Arthur, who rarely does his own cooking, prepared a splendid meal yesterday.
C. Cleopatra will always be remembered as the most beautiful woman in the world because of the films and plays about her. D. In spite of the way she is depicted in films and plays, Cleopatra was not really wildly attractive. 13. We were relieved to discover that we did not owe as much money as we had thought. A. The revelation that we were less deeply in debt than we had believed came as a relief. B. If only we were not so deeply in debt, we would be much more content now.
A. Preparing a good meal is not something that Arthur can do often, but yesterday he was fantastic. B. Arthur's attempts at cooking are not common, but his results are interesting, as they were yesterday. C. Arthur’s meal vesterday was fantastic despite the fact that he can’t normally cook very well. D. Yesterday Arthur cooked a great dinner, even though he doesn’t usually cook. 19. It's sometimes hard to answer a question even on a subject that you know well.
C. We owed so much money that we couldn’t even imagine how we would be able to pay it all back
A. The more you know about the subject, the less likely it is that you’ll find a question hard to answer.
D. Now that we have paid back most of our debts, we do not owe as much money as we once did.
B. Even if you know a subject well, it isn’t always easy to find the answer.
14. Andy, who was in search of a change in his life, didn't really know what he wanted.
C. It’s sometimes more difficult to find the answer to a question if you know the subject very well.
A. Andy was aware of what he wanted from life, but he just didn’t know how to achieve it.
D. Sometimes you can easily find the answer to a question even if you don’t know the subject well.
B. looking for a way to alter his life, Andy was unsure of what he wanted to do.
20. Supposedly housing a copy of every book ever published in English, the British Library is a remarkable research facility.
C. Andy was not happy with the way he was leading his life, so he was searching for a change. D. Feeling that he was in need of a change in his life, Andy started to look for a way to alter it.
A. It would be remarkable if the British Library actually had a copy of every English book published all over the world.
15. Ethiopia, which had been isolated from the rest of the world for centuries by both enemies and geography, has retained unique traditions.
B. Because the British Library has a copy of every possible book in English, it is the ideal place to do research.
A. Cut off for hundreds of years from other civilizations by a combination of enemies and the
C. There are few books ever published in English that are not found in the British Library, so it is a great place for research. D. The British Library is an outstanding place to do research as it is believed to have a copy of every book ever published in English. 21. Looking at the devastation, she could hardly believe her eyes. A. Wien she saw the destruction, she found it difficult to believe how severe it was.
D. The rocket was not launched as scheduled this morning because of a last-minute complication. 26. Anyone who goes into politics must be prepared to lie sometimes. A. Everyone knows that most of what politicians say is not true. B. A person going into politics should realize that telling the truth is not always possible. C. It’s a well-known fact that politicians hardly ever tell the truth. D. Because of the nature of politics, only liars can be content working in that field.
B. She couldn’t believe her eyes because she had never seen anything so devastating, C. She refused to believe how bad the devastation was until she had seen it.
27. Turkey is capable of producing all of the food that It consumes every day.
D. It was the worst disaster that she had ever seen in her life.
A. Turkey has the capacity to he self-sufficient in food.
22. The rule is that students who miss more than six hours off class automatically fail the course.
B. Every day the population of Turkey consumes as much food as it produces.
A. If students miss more than six hours of the course, they will get so far behind that they will probably not pass.
D. Turkey should produce more food for domestic consumption.
C. Turkey should make greater efforts towards self-sufficiency in its food requirements.
B. Students must be present for at least six hours if they expect to pass the course.
28. The playground, which the local children used to enjoy so much, has been turned into a car park.
C. It is the regulation that, the direct consequence of being absent for more than six hours of the course is failing it.
A. Although the children used to enjoy playing in the playground so much, it is more efficient to use it as a place to park cars.
D. As a rule, only those who attend the course for more than six hours will be able to pass it. 23. What the archaeologists found at the site surpassed their wildest dreams.
B. Once so much enjoyed by the children of the neighbourhood, the playground mhas become a parking lot.
A. Hoping to find a lot of artefacts, the archaeologists were disappointed by the site and what it contained.
D. If a car park hadn’t been needed so much, the children would have had a park to play in.
B. The archaeologists had dreamed of finding something just like what they actually found at the site.
29. Having put his entire career at stake with his proposal, he nervously awaited the committee's decision.
C. Having already discovered some artefacts at the site, the archaeologists could only dream about what else might be there.
A. He waited confidently for the committee to decide about the future of his proposal.
D. The greatest hopes of the archaeologists were exceeded by what they actually discovered at the site. 24. Working for an established company is less risky than starting one's own business. A. Not having found a job with a reputable company, one should perhaps consider starting one’s own business. B. It is safer to work for a reputable firm than to establish your own enterprise. C. Anyone not willing to take the risks of starting their own business should work for a trustworthy company. D. Establishing one’s own business is less secure but more satisfying than working for a big company. 25. The rocket was going to be launched this morning, but something went wrong at the last minute. A. Launched this morning, the rocket began to develop problems within a few minutes. B. It wasn’t a good idea to launch the rocket after things had begun to go wrong. C. The rocket should have been launched this morning but, for some reason, it wasn’t.
C. The children have nowhere to play in now that the playground has been turned into a car park.
B. Waiting nervously for the committee’s decision, he realized that they could make or break his career. C. He was risking his entire career with his scheme, so he was anxious for the committee’s decision. D. The committee was going to decide whether his proposal had been worth’ risking his career for. 30. Most people feel that Hollywood films are less sophisticated than European films. A. The majority opinion is that films made in Europe have more refinement than those made in Hollywood. B. More people go to see Hollywood films than European films in spite of their lack of sophistication. C. As entertaining as they are, Hollywood films are not as high in quality as European films. D. The worst thing about Hollywood films is their lack of complexity compared to European films. 31. Foreign aid workers sometimes spend years in a country without understanding very much about it. A. The best way for foreign aid workers to understand a country is by living there for a long time. B. Some foreigners who work on aid projects might stay in a country for a time, but still understand little about it.
C. Foreign aid workers would understand more about the countries they lived in if they stayed there long enough.
B. The Prime Minister was expecting to win the elections by a great margin, but the difference in votes was not so great.
D. Foreigners cannot work on aid projects unless they understand a lot about the countries where they are posted.
C. The Prime Minister was confident of the voters’ support; however, by far the greater part voted against him.
32. A computer is only as good as the person operating it. A. A computer is no better than the person who is at the keyboard.
D. The Prime Minister had hoped that a great majority would vote for him, but he lost, though only by a small margin.
B. It takes a good worker to get the best performance out of a computer, C. A good computer can solve your problems no matter who is operating it.
38. The sport of cricket is only played in 3 few countries, and the rest of the world is almost unaware of it.
D. It is important to know how to use a computer well.
A. The sport of cricket is played in only a few countries; the rest of the world remains uninterested in the sport.
33. You should have gone to the computer lab earlier, when there were fewer people. A. It was a good thing that you went to the computer lab before it got crowded. B. If you had gone to the computer lab earlier, you might have found fewer people there.
B. Many countries are not even aware of the sport of cricket, though actually quite a few countries play it.
C. It’s a shame you didn’t go to the computer lab before, when it wasn’t' so crowded.
C. Cricket is the only sport that is not played in the whole of the world, and just am few countries know of it.
D. There are never very many people in the computer lab so early on in the day.
D. Cricket is a sport hardly known in the world, except in the few countries where mit is played.
34. It seems to me that Hemingway's talents declined in his later years.
39. Anne Prank, whose diary tells of how she spent more than two years in hiding from the Nazis in Holland, sadly died before the war ended.
A. Hemingway simply wasn’t as good a writer at the end as he was at the beginning. B. I feel that Hemingway’s earlier work is superior to his later work, C. I think that Hemingway’s last book isn’t as good as his first one. D. Hemingway, if you ask me, did not always write as well as he did when he was just starting out. 35. Nowadays migration means that fewer people live their life In one place.
A. Anne Frank managed to hide her diary from the Nazis in Holland for a little over two years, but unfortunately, she was eventually caught with it and killed. B. Anne Frank’s wartime diary was not found by the Nazis in Holland until more than two years after she had died.
A. Today people migrate very often, and thus they do not spend all their life in just one place.
C. Anne Frank wrote a diary explaining how she hid from the Nazis for over two years in Holland, but unfortunately she died during the war.
B. These days, migration decreases the number of people living in one area, while it increases the number in another area.
D. Holland is where Anne Frank hid her diary from the Nazis for two years until the end of the war, but then she died.
C. Nowadays, fewer and fewer people are content with living in the same place throughout their whole life, so they migrate.
40. Amongst other things, Leonardo da Vinci drew plans for a machine that looked like an early helicopter.
D. As a result of migration, not as many people spend their whole life in the same area these days as they used to.
A. As well as his other wort:, Leonardo da Vinci drew up some designs for something that resembled later helicopters.
36. There are plenty of new universities in England, some of which are as goad as the older ones.
B. A different kind of helicopter was invented by Leonardo da Vinci, along with many other things.
A. Among England’s numerous new universities, certain ones are comparable with the older ones. B. Few of the new universities in England can compete with the older ones. C. England’s newer universities are every bit as good as the older ones. D. While there are a large number of new universities in England, they can hardly compare with the older ones. 37. The Prime Minister felt sure that the voters would stand by him, but In fact he was defeated by a large margin. A. It came as a great shock to the Prime Minister when people turned against him in such large numbers.
C. It was Leonardo da Vinci who designed and drew the earliest helicopter, besides his other inventions. D. In addition to other things, Leonardo da Vinci drew designs for a machine that was to be used in making helicopters. 41. There is nothing anywhere that can compare with the Himalayas as a scenic wonder. A. The Himalayas are one of the greatest scenic wonders to be found anywhere in the world. B. The Himalayas are such a scenic wonder that hardly anything in the world can be as beautiful. C. The Himalayas must be the most beautiful sight in the world. D. Nowhere in the world is there anything else as beautiful scenically as the Himalayas. 42. There are too many words in English for any one person to know all of them.
A. Only an exceptional person could know all the words in the English language. B. There are so many words in the English language that it is impossible for a person to know all of them. C. There are a lot of words in the English language, and it would be unusual for anyone to know all of them. D. There is no one who knows all of the words in the English language. 43. In 1848 Niagara Falls temporarily stopped flowing for more than 24 hours when the river that fed it became frozen over. A. 1848’s freezing of Niagara Falls lasted over a day when the river feeding it also froze. B. The falls in Niagara froze over for one whole day in 1848, causing a stop in the flow of the river it fed.
B. Since it has many historical ruins as well as lovely beaches, Sri Lanka is an attractive place for a holiday. C. Sri Lanka is a good choice for a holiday, though it has neither attractive beaches nor sites of historical interest. D. Most people go to Sri Lanka to see both its places of historical interest and its beautiful beaches. 48. So quickly did the fire spread that there was no hope of fire fighters bringing it under control. A. If only the firemen had got there sooner, they might have been able to halt the rapid spread of the fire. B. No sooner did the fire begin to spread than the firemen were able to bring it under control. C. The rapid spread of the fire meant that the firemen could not be expected to control it.
C. For over a day, Niagara Falls failed to flow as a result of its supply river freezing over in 1848.
D. Since the fire had spread over a large area, if took the firemen longer than expected to control it.
D. One day in 1848, Niagara Falls froze, and it failed to supply water to the river for a while.
49. As the big day approached, everyone was gripped with an increasing excitement.
44. The average person has over 1,460 dreams a year, but does not remember most of them.
A. Everyone was talking about the importance of the approaching day excitedly.
A. Everyone dreams about 1,460 times a year, but few people actually remember most of their dreams.
B. Those who knew what a big day it would be were getting more and more excited as it drew nearer.
B. On average, a person dreams 1,460 times per year, but he remembers hardly any of them.
C. The day was so important that people could not help but be excited.
C. Some people remember only a few of the 1,460 dreams that they have each year.
D. The closer it got to the big day, the more excited everyone became.
D. Of the more than 1,460 dreams that a person normally has each year, very few are actually remembered.
50. Few people are as mistrusted as politicians.
45. The world had better wake up to the threat of global warming, or soon the world as we know it may disappear.
B. Not many people trust politicians.
A. If awareness of the danger of global warming is not heightened, there is a possibility that our world as it is now will cease to exist in the near future.
D. People wish that they could trust politicians more.
B. Global warming will definitely destroy the world, so people should be informed about what is going to happen. C. The threat of global warming will disappear forever if only people become more careful about the way they treat their planet. D. Everyone should be well-informed about global warming because it is a serious threat to certain parts of the world. 46. Wo sooner had we got to know our new neighbours than they moved away. A. Soon after we got to know our new neighbours, we stopped having contact with them. B. If our new neighbours had stayed longer, we would have got to know them better, C. Once we had got used to our new neighbours, they moved somewhere else. D. Hardly had we become acquainted with our new neighbours when they went somewhere else to live. 47. As a holiday destination, Sri Lanka has not only beautiful beaches, but also an abundance of historical ruins. A. Sri Lanka would be a better holiday destination if it had historical ruins in addition to its beautiful beaches.
A. Politicians are less trusted than most other people. C. If I were you, I would not trust politicians.
B. Having spent a year travelling all around the world, he found he liked his hometown as much as ever.
-81. The professor himself does not teach the course, but leaves the job to his graduate students.
C. A year of travelling all over the world convinced him that his hometown was actually his favourite place.
A. Graduate students learn all they need to know to teach the course from the professor himself.
D. Before he spent a year travelling around the world, he had not realized what a nice place his hometown was.
B. In order to be one of the professor’s graduate students, you must teach his courses for him.
7. Your computer is infected with both worms and spyware, so it is running very slowly.
C. The professor has his graduate students teach the course rather than do it himself. D. The professor does not teach the course that is required in order to graduate.
A. There are two reasons for the slow speed of your computer: as well as having worms, it has spyware.
2. There is no lack of research into why people vote as they do.
B. Your computer would be more efficient if it hadn’t been infected with worms and spyware.
A. Plenty of research has been done into the reasons for people’s voting preferences.
C. There seems to be nothing to slow down your computer, except that it’s infected with worms and spyware.
B. More research needs to be done about people’s voting habits. C. So much research has been done into why people vote as they do that all the answers are known. D. Something needs to be done to make up for the lack of research into why people do not vote. 3. Unless we get some new orders without delay, we are going to be in deep financial trouble soon.
D. You need to check if your computer is infected with worms or spyware, because both can slow down a computer. 8. They only have two instalments left to pay on their car, and then they will be more free to spend their money.
A. Since new orders are flooding in at the moment, we are having trouble filling them all.
A. They are having financial problems because of their car, for which they’ll pay two more instalments.
B. Our financial situation is stable at the moment, but we need some new orders to guarantee our future.
B. Ever since they bought a car, for which they still have two instalments to pay, they have been careful with their money.
C. We would be suffering from great financial problems now if we had delayed taking on new orders any longer.
C. They will have a lot of money to spend when they have finished paying the instalments on their car.
D. We need to receive new orders right away, or we’ll soon find ourselves in a bad situation financially.
D. Once they have paid the last two instalments on their car, they won’t have to be so strict with their money.
4. Edgar does not work very hard; however, he is very punctual.
9. The disease spread through the village quickly, owing to the unsanitary conditions.
A. However hard he tries, Edgar never manages to come to work on time.
A. After the disease had spread so rapidly, it was discovered how unsanitary the village was.
B. Although Edgar does not do much work, he is always on time.
B. The unhygienic state of the village led to the rapid spread of the disease.
C. If Edgar came to work earlier, he could get more work done.
C. Cleanliness in villages is the key to stopping the rapid spread of disease.
D. Edgar does not try very hard to be a little more punctual for work.
D. The disease wouldn’t have been so serious if there had been more hygienic awareness in the village.
5. After Einstein's theory of relativity, people began to perceive the universe in a different way. A. Einstein’s theory of relativity confirmed many ideas about how the universe began.
10. While you may have a good point, you will have to express it more clearly if you expect to foe taken seriously.
B. Following Einstein’s theory of relativity, people realized that the universe was changing constantly.
A. Few people can be expected to take you seriously, whether you have a good point or not.
C. Until Einstein’s theory of relativity, people knew hardly anything about the universe.
C. Unless you make yourself more understandable, no one will pay attention to you, even if your point is valid.
D. Einstein’s theory of relativity introduced people to a new manner of seeing the universe. 6. After travelling around the world for a year, he discovered that his hometown was the place he liked most. A. It took a year of world travelling to persuade him of the virtues of his hometown.
B. Everyone should understand you because your point is not only good, but also well expressed.
D. No matter how clearly you express yourself, no one would take a foolish idea like that seriously. 11, There are some old buildings in Europe, but they are not as old, or as fascinating, as those in India. A. The ancient buildings of India are both older and more fascinating than the ones found in
Europe.
D. As he was trying to get up, he realized the reason for his doctor ordering him to stay in bed.
B. Although ancient buildings exist in Europe, they are no older or more fascinating than those in India.
16. Despite the fact that he was deaf, the composer Beethoven wrote some of the greatest music the world has ever heard.
C. While the ancient buildings of India are no older than those of Europe, they are far- more interesting.
A. Even though the composer Beethoven wrote some of the best music in world history, he was unable to listen to his own pieces.
D. Europe has no ancient buildings that can compare with those of India.
B. Some of the best music ever listened to in the world was composed by Beethoven after he had become deaf.
12. Even if you change your diet and lifestyle, it will take a long time to make up for all the harm you have done yourself. A. If you want to reverse the damage you have done to your body, radical changes in diet and lifestyle are necessary. B. Though you have done yourself a great deal of harm, a radical change in the way you live and eat should be able to repair the damage. C. Unless you change your diet and lifestyle soon, you will never be able to make up for the way you have abused your body. D. It will take a good deal of time, as well as transforming the way you live and eat, to undo the damage you have done to your system. 13. As a result of the September 11, 2001 attacks, Americans are increasingly mistrustful of foreigners.
C. The world has not heard better music than that which was written by the deaf composer Beethoven. D. The composer Beethoven was unable to hear, yet the music he created is among the best in world history. 17. While thinking about which pair of shoes to buy, I decided it would be better to save the money. A. I realized I would have to save some money in order to buy one of the two pairs of shoes I was considering. B. I chose to keep my money as being a better option than buying one of the two pairs of shoes I was considering. C. I wasn’t sure whether to buy one of the pairs of shoes or keep the money instead.
A. Because of the September 11, 2001 attacks, Americans are more and more frightened of people from other countries.
D. Of the two pairs of shoes, I decided to buy the cheaper one as I wanted to save some of the money.
B. An effect of the September 11, 2001 attacks is that Americans are more and more suspicious more outsiders.
18. Upon proving that they hadn't even been in the City on the day of the robbery, the police set the suspects go.
C. After the September 11, 2001 attacks, Americans began to treat outsiders differently.
A. The police released the suspects when they provided evidence of their being outside of the city on the day the robbery happened.
D. Since the September 11, 2001 attacks, Americans have been scared of the increasing number of foreigners in their country. 14, The Spanish set out to conquer the South American Interior because of rumours of a fantastic city of gold. A. It was the tales of a marvellous golden city' that led the Spanish to want to conquer the South American interior. B. The Spanish conquered the interior of South America because they were greedy for gold. C. There was a golden city in the interior of South America that the Spanish wanted, so they conquered the entire area. D. The Spanish conquered the interior of South America on account of a golden city that did not exist. 15. Despite being ordered to stay in bed by his doctor, he got up and suffered an immediate relapse. A. If only he had obeyed his doctor and stayed in bed, he might not have suffered a relapse. B. He had better stay in bed as his doctor ordered, or he may suffer a relapse. C. Having defied his doctor’s instructions to stay in bed, he became ill again as soon as he got up.
B. The police told the suspects that they could only release them if they proved their whereabouts on the day of the robbery. C. The police had to give the suspects their freedom as they didn’t have any proof that they were in the city when the robbery occurred. D. As the suspects hadn’t even been in the city on the day of the robbery, the police couldn’t charge them. 19. Much as George loved travelling in Asia, he decided not to go to Indonesia because of his fears of terrorism. A. Although George liked touring Asia, ever since the threat of terrorism started, he hadn’t been to Indonesia. B. George would have gone to Indonesia if he hadn’t been scared of terrorism so much because Asia was his favourite travel spot. C. As Indonesia had become a high-risk terrorism spot, George, who normally loved Asia, was afraid to go there. D. Even though George liked touring Asia very much, he was afraid of the terrorism in Indonesia, so he chose not to go there. 20. Kara 'will turn James down if he asks her to marry him.
A. Kara has indicated that she would not marry' James even if he asked her to. B. Kara will marry James, but only if he asks her to. C. Should James make a marriage proposal to Kara, he will be rejected. D. James should have better sense than to ask Kara to marry him. 21. We could invite some friends over, or we could just have a quiet night on our own. A. I would rather spend the night alone than have any friends over.
26. On account of quarantine restrictions, they will not allow us to take our dog across the border into the country. A. We can’t bring our dog over the border into the country because there are quarantine regulations. B. Dogs are only allowed to cross the border into the country under the quarantine regulations. C. Quarantine regulations mean that we need official permission to take our dog across the border into the country.
B. It will be lonely on our own, so we should invite some friends over tonight.
D. Because of the quarantine laws, we’ll need to find a way to bring our dog over the border into the country.
C. Let’s invite some people over so that we don’t have to be alone with each other tonight.
27. Perhaps I shouldn't have accepted this new job after all, as it's making me feel exhausted.
D. It might be nice to have some Mends over, but an evening by ourselves might be nice as well.
A. Perhaps it would have been better if I hadn’t agreed to this new job, since it is so boring.
22. Did you happen to run into George last week?
B. Maybe I ought not to take on this new job after all, as it seems that it will tire me out.
A. Was it a week ago that you last saw George?
C. This new job is really tiring me out; maybe I made a mistake by taking it after all. D. I’m not accepting this new job after all; it seems to me that it will make me exhausted.
B. Did you, by any chance, see George last week? C. Where do you think George was all last week?
28. Would you mind if I took a three-week vacation this summer, rather than a two-week one?
D. Have you any idea what happened to George last week?
A. If it is okay with you, could I have three weeks’ vacation instead of two this summer?
23. The project wasn't going to be finished as quickly as I'd previously thought. A. The project would be completed later than I had at first presumed.
B. Do you think it would be a good idea for me to take three rather than two weeks of vacation this summer?
B. Spending such a lot of time on the project was not something that I had wanted to do at first.
C. I would prefer you to take three weeks of vacation this summer, not two, if it is alright with you.
C. I had no idea the project could ever take such a long time to finish.
D. Would you rather I took two or three weeks of vacation this summer?
D. I spent much more time on the project than I had really wanted to.
29. You should have studied electrical engineering, as it would have made it much easier for you to find a job.
24. When Howard Carter first looked into Tutankhamen's tomb in 1922, he was astonished to see so much gold.
A. If you chose to study electrical engineering, you wouldn’t have much trouble finding a job.
A. Tutankhamen’s tomb still contained an amazing quantity of gold when it was discovered by Howard Carter in 1922.
B. It is very easy for qualified electrical engineers to find jobs, so keep this in mind when choosing your career.
B. It was a surprising amount of gold that Howard Carter found when he first went into Tutankhamen’s tomb in 1922.
C. If I were you, I would study electrical engineering, since there are plenty of jobs for people in that profession.
C. Howard Carter was dazzled when, in 1922, he first saw how great an amount of gold was in Tutankhamen’s tomb.
D. Had you studied electrical engineering, you would not have had nearly so much trouble finding a job.
D. Howard Carter had never seen as much gold as he saw upon first looking into Tutankhamen’s tomb in 1922.
30. We had better get the report finished by noon, or the boss is going to be very annoyed.
25. Well be out of the country for at least a month, so we'll have to find someone to look after the dog while we are gone.
B. I’m sure we’ll be finishing the report at noon, so hopefully, the boss won’t be very annoyed.
A. In about a month, we’ll be going abroad, and we still haven’t found someone to look after the dog while we’re away. B. We’ve got to get someone to watch the dog for a month, or perhaps longer, while we are abroad. C. Do you think we can find someone to look after our dog while we are on a one- month vacation overseas? D. The person we’ll find to take care of the dog while we are abroad should be able to stay here for at least a month.
A. We wouldn’t like to annoy the boss, so we’re all working hard to get the report finished by noon. C. The boss will be very angry if we don't finish the report by noon, so we really ought to get it done. D. It seems that we’ll have finished the report before midday, so the boss will be pleased. 31. It seems that she likes slow dancing much better than fast dancing. A. She is much better, it seems, at slow dancing than at fast dancing. B. Apparently dancing fast is, for her, much better than dancing slow. C. Slow dancing is seemingly much more suitable for her than fast dancing is.
D. She apparently much prefers slow dances to fast ones.
A. Her extraordinary height will enable you to make her out in the crowd without difficulty.
32. Would you mind making another photocopy of this document as I can hardly read this one?
B. I’m sure you won’t have any difficulty finding her in the crowd because she is so exceptional.
A. Do you mind if I photocopy this document again because I can’t read this one? B. Since this one is barely legible, could you make a photocopy of this document again please? C. Do you think the photocopy of this document will be legible, as this one is not very clear? D. Can you help me to get a photocopy of this document as I’m having difficulty reading it? 33. It was wrong of you to criticize your son before his friends left. A. You should have delayed criticizing your son until after his friends had gone. B. If you had criticized your son after his friends had left, he wouldn’t be so upset now. C. You must be careful not to embarrass your son when he is with his friends. D. Your son must have been embarrassed when you criticized him in front of his friends. 34. If you would rather I came to your house at an earlier time today, then perhaps I could leave work a bit earlier than usual. A. Coming to your house earlier will be difficult today, unless I am able to finish my job at an earlier hour than I usually do. B. I didn’t realize that you wanted to see me today; otherwise, I would have left work early to come to your place. C. It may be possible for me to get off work earlier than normal today, if you’d like me to come to your place earlier. D. If you would rather I arrived at your house early today, then I will have to finish work before I usually do. 35. Your blood test results came back negative, but I think it is a good idea for you to take one again, just to be sure. A. You can’t be certain from just one blood test, especially when the results are negative, so you must take another one. B. Negative blood test results are never certain, so I think you ought to take another one. C. You should take another blood test as this one came back negative, and this time you had better be sure it is the right result. D. It is better for you to take another blood test to make things certain, even though the results we got from this one are negative.
C. You should be able to make her out in the crowd easily, because she is taller than the others. D. You’ll see that she stands out among the crowd with her unusual height. 38. Andrew flew to Germany yesterday, so it can't have been him that you just saw in the High street. A. I thought Andrew was in Germany, so it might not have been him you saw in the High Street a short time ago. B. You may have just seen Andrew in the High Street, but he was supposed to have gone to Germany by plane yesterday. C. You may think you saw Andrew in the High Street a few minutes ago, but it must have been somebody else, as Andrew is in Germany. D. Andrew can’t have been in the High street yesterday, as he was boarding his plane to Gel-many then. 39. During the school vacations my father would hire a small boat and we would go fishing together. A. My father and I used to go fishing, in a small rented boat, when the school was closed for the holidays. B. I got used to fishing with my father in the small boat he hired whenever we had a school vacation. C. My father and I fished together in the school holidays, when he had the money to rent a small boat. D. During one school holiday, my father rented a small boat and we went fishing together. 40. She may be better paid than me, but I can type twice as fast as she can. A. Because of my better typing ability, my wages should be double hers. B. In spite of her higher salary, her typing is half the speed of mine. C. My typing is a hundred percent quicker than hers, regardless of how much money she gets. D. No matter how hard she may try, she can’t type as fast as me, yet she still earns more. 41. There was supposed to be a concert here yesterday, but the group had to cancel it because of the rain. A. There was to be a concert here yesterday in the rain, but the group decided not to have it.
36. We eventually managed to find a way to get us out of the mess,
B. The group would rather have cancelled the concert here yesterday than have played in the rain.
A. We were relieved when we came up with a solution to the mess we were in.
C. The group was going to give a concert here yesterday, but the rain obliged them to call it off.
B. In the end, we were able to come up with an idea about how to get rid of the trouble.
D. Since it was rainy, the group should have called off the concert that they gave here yesterday. 42. He's likely to hand in his resignation to the management before he receives my letter.
C. We were in a great mess, but we somehow managed to get out of it.
A. He may well have resigned from his job by the time he gets my letter.
D. The solution we have finally found will help us get rid of the mess.
B. I hope he won’t give in his resignation before he gets my letter.
37. You can easily recognize her among the crowd owing to her exceptional height.
C. I sent him a letter, and it is possible that he will get it before he hands in his resignation.
D. I really hope my letter reaches him before he hands in his resignation to the management. 43. His mother had told him that he was supposed to pick his little sister up from school, but he forgot to. A. He should have collected his little sister from school to please his mother, but he was unable to remember to do so. B. He used to pick his younger sister up from school, but every time, his mother had to remind him about it or he would forget.
B. His temperature was probably still above normal when it was well past midnight. C. It must have been almost midnight by the time his temperature was back to normal. D. His temperature remained high until probably well past midnight. 49. He might have been joking when he said he was planning to leave home. A. The idea of leaving home probably amused him a great deal. B. I don’t know if he was serious when he expressed his intention of leaving home. C. He could have made a joke about the situation when he left home.
C. Until his mother reminded him about it, it had just slipped his mind to collect his little sister from school.
D. He said he was going to leave home, but it turned out to be only a joke.
D. His mother had given him the task of collecting his younger sister from school, but he didn’t remember to do it.
50. Carrie will finish university, and then she hopes to get a job immediately.
44. He needn't have borrowed all of that money to buy a new car, because his new job provided him with one.
B. If Carrie finishes university soon, she will start looking for a job. C. Carrie would like to find a job as soon as she finishes university.
A. He didn’t need to take out so much credit to buy a new car, because he knew that his new place of business would give him one anyway.
D. Carrie would like to find a university job as soon as possible.
B. When his new place of work presented him with a car, all the money he had borrowed to purchase a new car proved unnecessary. C. Because of the car that his new job gave him, he didn’t need to take a large loan to buy a new one. D. He took a lot of money in loans to buy a new car, although he knew that his new job was going to give him one. 45. Not all the audience stayed until the play was over. A. Some of the audience didn’t like the play, though they watched it till the end. B. None of the people who came to see the play stayed till the end. C. Some individuals in the audience left before the play finished. D. By the time the play finished, there were only a few people left in the hall. 46. Ewers with the reduction the landlady has offered us, the rent continues to be beyond our budget. A. The landlady was kind enough to lower the rent, but we still thought the rent was too high. B. If the landlady had lowered the rent a little, we could have hired the flat. C. Although the landlady has made us a better offer on the rent, we still can’t afford it. D. We asked the landlady to reduce the rent so that we could afford it. 47. You are certain to encounter difficulties adapting to a new environment. A. You can’t settle into a new environment without having problems. B. I don’t think you’ll find it easy to get used to your new environment. C. Even if you’re adaptable, you’ll still find it hard to change your environment. D. It’s possible that you’ll find your new environment a little strange for a while. 48. It must have been well after midnight when his temperature was back to normal again. A. It was around midnight when his temperature dropped and he began to feel well.
A. When Carrie finishes university, she will have to get a job.
but they knew it would cost too much money for people like them.
-9-
5. Alice had already been to Venice, but she didn't like it as much when she went there again last summer.
1. I win cry calling them around 7 o'clock because they ought to be back from their trip by then.
B. Alice liked Venice more on her visit last summer than she had when she had been there before.
A. They have probably come home from their journey already, but I will try to phone them at 7 o’clock. B. Although they were planning to be home no earlier than 7 o’clock, I will call them up at that time.
A. Alice enjoyed it better the first time she went to Venice than on her visit there last summer. C. Alice went to Venice again last summer because she had liked it so much the first time. D. Alice went to Venice once, and even though she didn’t like it very much, she went again. 6. It's not possible to be constantly on good terms with all of the people around you.
C. I expect them to have returned from their journey by 7 o’clock, so I’ll phone around that time.
A. Though it seems difficult, you should try to get on well with all the people around you.
D. I won’t be able to ring them until 7 o’clock, although they should be home from their holiday before then.
B. It may not be possible all the time, but at least you can try to be on good terms with the people around you.
2. The Taiping Rebellion, the bloodiest civil war in history, began in China in 1850 and lasted for 15 years. A. The Taiping Rebellion, which was fought for about one and a half decades, up to 1850, was the most violent war in history. B. More people were killed in the 15-year-long Taiping Rebellion, which ended in 1850, than in any other war in history. C. It would be hard to find a more violent civil war than China’s 15-year-long Taiping Rebellion, which began in 1850. D. There has never been a bloodier internal conflict than China’s Taiping Rebellion, fought between 1850 and 1865.
C. You may, from time to time, not get along with some of the individuals around you. D. Having conflicts with the people around you is inevitable, but you ought to try to be on good terms with most of them. 7. It doesn't seem to me as if they can rescue their marriage without consulting a professional. A. If they consult a professional, they could work out a solution to the problems in their marriage. B. It is likely that they will break up despite the professional help they’ve received. C. I doubt that even a professional could help them rescue their marriage. D. I feel that they’ll need professional assistance in order to keep their marriage going. 8. If the hooligans in our neighbourhood continue harassing me, I will have to move to another area.
3. You ought to cut down on how much you eat and start exercising, as the doctor told you to, if you want to regain good health.
A. I don’t like the area where I am living because some hooligans are always bothering me.
A. You still haven’t recovered your health because, by eating too much and refusing to take exercise, you are doing the opposite of what the doctor said.
B. I don’t want to move to another part of the city, but I will have to because I am being constantly harassed here.
B. What the doctor said about reducing your food intake and keeping fit is what you should do, or you’ll remain unhealthy. C. You should eat less food and begin a fitness program immediately in order to follow the doctor’s instructions. D. The doctor was right in advising you to cut down on your calories and take up sports, because you look so unhealthy. 4. They would rather have gone to Jamaica for their vacation than to Marmaris, but it was beyond their budget. A. They preferred to go to Jamaica for their holiday than to Marmaris, even though they could hardly afford it. B. They are going to Marmaris for their holiday, which is within their budget, but they’d actually want to go to Jamaica. C. The trip to Jamaica they wanted for their holiday was too expensive for them, so they went to Marmaris instead. D. They thought Jamaica would be a better place for a vacation than Marmaris.
C. I can only stay where I am living now if the hooligans there stop teasing me. D. I would rather not move from my current apartment, but I will have to because of the constant teasing of the hooligans there. 9. Orange County used to be full of orange groves, but now there are mainly housing tracts due to urban sprawl. A. Because of urban development in Orange County, there are mostly houses now where there used to be orchards of orange trees. B. It was very upsetting when Orange County allowed the building companies to cut down the orange trees and build tracts of houses. C. Orange County got its name from all the orange groves that used to be there; but now, due to urban sprawl, all you can see are housing tracts. D. Because of urban sprawl, Orange County was forced to cut down all of its orange groves in order to build houses. 10. The whole audience sIood up and applauded the politician as he entered the international conference, in spite of the scandal involving him.
A. The moment the politician entered the international conference, he was applauded because of all the work he was involved in. B. Despite the scandal he was involved in, the entire audience rose and applauded the politician upon his entrance to the international conference. C. Due to the scandal the politician was involved in, everyone in the audience rose from their seats and shouted insults at him when he arrived to speak at an international conference. D. When he entered international politics, the politician was admired by all his colleagues; nevertheless, he became involved in a scandal.
D. I found the amount of money she spent on her wedding dress rather great. 15. We've had to postpone the meeting because Ms. Bums, the technical consultant, is ill today. A. The meeting will take place as scheduled even though our technical consultant, Ms. Burns, is at home sick today. B. Our technical consultant, Ms. Burns, will not be in today because she is ill, so we will have the meeting another day.
11. Everyone who saw Helen agreed that they had never seen such a beautiful woman.
C. Ms. Burns, our technical consultant, called in sick today because she didn’t want to attend the meeting.
A. There was agreement among all the people who laid eyes on her that Helen was the most beautiful woman they had ever encountered.
D. We should send the notes to our technical consultant, Ms. Bums, since she is home sick today and couldn’t come to the meeting.
B. Almost everyone agreed that Helen was more beautiful than any other woman they had seen before.
16. Most people are very fond of horror films despite the terrifying scenes they contain.
C. The general consensus among those who met her was that Helen was more beautiful than most other women they had encountered. D. While they had seen many more beautiful women, everyone agreed that Helen was among the most beautiful. 12. Obviously the machinery in our production line has become much too obsolete to deal with our volume of business. A. Our most pressing need is to modernize the machinery' in our production line so that we can expand the business. B. It is clear that the machinery in our production line is no longer modern enough to cope with our growing amount of business. C. Apparently we still lack modern machinery in our production line, and so we are unable to increase the amount of work we’re doing.
A. Most people prefer to watch horror films just because of the terrifying scenes they contain. B. It’s the scary scenes in a film that are the most eagerly watched by viewers. C. Although there are lots of frightening scenes in horror films, they are eagerly watched by most people. D. Horror films are watched with great enjoyment by some people, while others consider them awful. 17. Our housekeeper cooks and deans for us, and for the most part she is very good, but she needs to dean the windows better. A. While our housekeeper cleans the windows well, she needs to do a better job on cleaning the rest of the house; but the food she cooks is very good. B. We are happy with our housekeeper because she cooks and cleans well; however, she could do a better job on the windows.
D. We need to modernize the machinery in our production line if we expect our business to grow.
C. Our housekeeper doesn’t like cleaning the windows, so they are not very clean, but she does a wonderful job cooking and cleaning the rest of the house.
13. He couldn't have been ill in bed all weekend, or at least not on Saturday, when I saw him playing football.
D. Our housekeeper is wonderful at most things, particularly at cooking and cleaning the house, though she doesn’t like cleaning the windows.
A. I saw him playing football on Saturday, so I know for a fact that he didn’t spend the whole weekend ill in bed. B. He says that he became ill after he played football on Saturday and spent the rest of the weekend in bed, but I don’t believe him. C. If he spent the whole weekend ill in bed, then I must have seen someone else playing football on Saturday. D. At least he could have told me that he was not feeling well when I saw him playing football on Saturday. 14. In my opinion, she should have spent much less on her wedding dress. A. I believe that she would rather have spent even more money on her wedding dress. B. As far as I know, she wasn’t able to spend as much on her wedding dress as she’d have liked to. C. If you ask me, she shouldn’t have spent so much money on an ordinary wedding dress.
18. They must have been absorbed in their gossip, or they would have noticed Liz eavesdropping on them. A. I’m almost certain that they were deep in them gossip at the time and didn’t notice Liz listening in. B. Liz was secretly listening to then- conversation while they were gossiping about her. C. I guess that when Liz noticed that they were gossiping about her, she became curious to listen in. D. They had been focusing on their gossip about Liz so much that they didn’t notice others were eavesdropping. 19. You will never get a table there on a Saturday night unless you have made a reservation. A. You should have made a reservation if you expected to eat there on a Saturday night. B. Let’s make a reservation for Saturday night to be sure of getting a table. C. You may not be able to get a table there if you haven’t made a reservation for Saturday night.
D. It is only possible for you to find a table there on a Saturday night by reserving a table in advance. 20. The dictionary had been written in and a few of the pages had been torn, so I took it back to the bookstore and demanded a refund. A. I wrote something in the dictionary and ripped two of the pages, but I still got a refund when I returned it to the bookshop where I had bought it. B. I asked for my money back for the dictionary I had bought in the bookstore as somebody had written in it and damaged a couple of the pages. C. The bookstore demanded some money from me when I wanted to return the dictionary, because I had written something in it and ripped some of the pages. D. The bookshop where 1 had bought the dictionary agreed to pay a refund for a few torn pages and the writing inside of it.
recognized by being given the Nobel Peace Prize. B. Many people have been awarded the Nobel Peace Prize, but not many of them have established lasting peace. C. The Nobel Peace Prize has been awarded to many people who have made a contribution to bringing about world peace. D. The only way to win the Nobel Peace Prize is by making a positive effort towards bringing about world peace. 25. One past of the movie startled me; I screamed and made everyone in the theatre jump. A. The movie was very frightening; it made everyone in the theatre scream and jump. B. While we were watching the movie, it scared me and I jumped up yelling. C. The scream in the middle of the scary movie startled everyone in the theatre and made us jump.
21. It was CFCs, which were used in aerosols, refrigerators and solvents, that made the dangerous hole in the ozone layer over Antarctica.
D. While we were watching the movie I screamed at one point; this startled everyone in the theatre and they jumped.
A. Aerosols, refrigerators and solvents contain CFCs, and these substances have caused several holes in the ozone layer, the most dangerous being over Antarctica.
26. After the mugger had beaten up the old woman and stolen her purse, he was seen running out of the alley.
B. It has been found that the CFCs in aerosols, refrigerators and solvents affected the ozone layer over Antarctica more than anywhere else.
A. Somebody saw the mugger fleeing the alley after he had hit the old woman and taken her purse from her.
C. Aerosols, refrigerators and solvents produced CFCs, which led to the ozone layer over Antarctica being dangerously damaged.
B. The mugger tried to steal the old woman’s purse, but when someone was seen nearby, he fled the alley running.
D. The dangerous hole in the ozone layer over Antarctica was caused by the use of CFCs, which used to be found in aerosols, refrigerators and solvents.
C. The mugger was limning down the alley when he saw an old woman, so he decided to steal her purse, but he had to beat her up to do so.
22. The developers thought they could build a huge hotel in a residential area, but the local residents protested.
D. When someone saw the mugger limning down the alley, he had just snatched an old woman’s purse.
A. Had it not been for the objections of local residents, the developers would have completed the big hotel by now.
27. Although the house was situated in a very nice area of the city, it needed a lot of work to be done on it.
B. Although a big hotel might have been an interesting development for the area, the people who lived there were against it.
A. The house we found in the best section of the city required us to do a lot of work on it.
C. People who lived in the neighbourhood voiced their opposition to the plans of developers to build an enormous hotel where they lived. D. Since the neighbourhood was reserved for housing, the developers were not allowed to go ahead with their plans to build a huge hotel there.
B. We needed to do a great deal of work on the house that we had bought in a very beautiful part of the city. C. The house was in a very good section of the city, yet it was badly in need of repair. D. The house looked very bad even though it was located in the best part of our city.
23. The setting and costumes in the play were strongly reminiscent of 1930s New York.
28. Although hats used to be worn widely early in the last century, it is seen as more normal for people today to go out bareheaded.
A. The costume designers of the play took their inspiration from 1930s New York.
A. Although people wore hats about a hundred years ago, in our time hardly anybody wears them.
B. The play reflected life in 1930s New York, but the setting and costumes were not very suitable.
B. These days wearing a hat would be seen as a little unusual, but about a hundred years ago, it was very common.
C. New York in the 1930s was such an exciting place that it is often imitated in plays. D. With its setting and costumes, the play almost looked like it was really in 1930s New York. 24. Of all the people who have won the Mobel Peace Prize, few of them have actually secured peace. A. Many people have worked hard to bring about world peace, but few of them have been
C. People who used to wear hats in the previous century were seen as quite normal, but today those wearing them are considered strange. D. Though hats were in fashion throughout the last century, today it is quite rare to see people wearing them. 29. His bag was opened by the customs officials when he was suspected of smuggling drugs
into the country.
was being robbed.
A. The customs officials thought he was carrying drugs illegally into the country, so they opened up his bag.
B. Because the burglar hadn’t activated the alarm, he was able to steal Mr. and Mrs. Kelly’s things while they were sleeping.
B. He was bringing drugs into the country illegally when the customs officials suspected him and opened his bag.
C. Mr. and Mrs. Kelly had forgotten to switch on the burglar alarm only once, and that night, while they were sleeping, they were robbed.
C. The customs officials had been informed that he was smuggling drugs into the country, so they asked him to open his bag.
D. Mr. and Mrs. Kelly were sleeping through the robbery because the alarm that they had switched on was turned off by the burglars.
D. The customs officials who opened his bag must have suspected him of smuggling drugs into the country.
34. So long as we go on burning fossil fuels as much as we do, the Earth's climate will continue to change.
30. This resort is very crowded in the summer, but in the winter it is practically deserted.
A. More coal, oil and gas will have to be produced if we want to keep pace with the climatic changes of our world.
A. It is not very practical to come to this resort in the winter; however, it is very nice and full of tourists in the summer. B. This resort gets so crowded in the summer that it looks almost deserted in the winter, after the people have left. C. Hardly anyone comes to this resort in the winter, so the town is almost empty then, whereas in the summer it is full of tourists. D. Too many people come to this resort in the summer, but in the winter fewer people visit the town, so it is quieter 31. Although it is difficult to find British food in India after two hundred years of colonization, Indian food is sold all over Britain. A. The British were in India as colonists for two centuries; however, their food is hardly eaten there now, but the British eat a lot of Indian food in their own country. B. As two centuries have passed since India was colonized by the British, Indian food can easily be found in Britain, but British food can only be found with difficulty in India. C. Despite the colonization of India by Britain for two hundred years, there is no British food in India, but Indian food is found in most of Britain. D. Two centuries of colonization by the British meant that Indian food became very popular in Britain, but not the other way around. 32. After his novel Jude the Obscure was attacked by critics for being immoral, Thomas Hardy never wrote fiction again, but instead focused on poetry. A. Thomas Hardy, who was both an author and a poet, stopped writing fiction but continued to write poetry after critics called him immoral because of his novel Jude the Obscure. B. Thomas Hardy stopped writing novels when critics accused his book Jude the Obscure of being immoral, and he continued as a poet.
B. If the world’s climate continues to change, we won’t need to burn as many fossil fuels like coal, oil and gas, as we do now. C. If we used fossil fuels as much as we should do, the weather systems of the Earth would become very different. D. Our planet’s weather conditions will go on changing if we keep using fossil fuels as much as we are now. 35. The firemen were struggling hard to put out the huge forest fire which had been caused by a cigarette being carelessly thrown out of a car window. A. The firemen were combating the large forest fire which was supposed to have been set off by a thoughtless person throwing a cigarette from the window while driving. B. When a cigarette was thrown from a car window, a forest fire began which the firemen had to work for a long time to bring under control. C. A cigarette that had been thoughtlessly thrown from the window of a car led to the enormous forest fire, which the firemen were battling hard to extinguish. D. It took the firemen quite a long time to put out the large forest fire that had been started by someone throwing their cigarette from the window of their car. 36. We will be going to the rock concert tonight only if our parents give us their permission and some money. A. If our parents had allowed us and provided the funds, we would be attending the rock concert tonight. B. As long as our parents approve of us using a little bit of their money, we will be going to the rock concert tonight. C. All we needed to go to the rock concert tonight was our parents’ consent and some money.
C. Jude the Obscure was such an immoral novel that critics attacked its author, Thomas Hardy, and he had to turn to poetry from writing fiction.
D. Unless our parents allow us and provide us with some cash, we won’t be able to go to the rock concert tonight.
D. Critics were attacked as being immoral in Thomas Hardy’s novel Jude the Obscure, but it turned out to be his last fictional work as he only wrote poetry afterwards.
37. The Titanic, which sank in 1912, wasn't rediscovered until 1985, when technological advances had made deep sea-diving possible.
33. Because the burglar alarm hadn't been switched on, Mr. and Mrs. Kelly's house was robbed while they remained sleeping.
A. It was possibly deep-sea divers using the results of the latest technological advances who, in 1985, discovered the Titanic, which had sunk in 1912.
A. Mr. and Mrs. Kelly hadn’t turned on the burglar alarm, so they didn’t wake up while them house
B. When the technology that would enable man to go deep-sea diving became available in 1985, the
Titanic, which had sunk in 1912, was discovered again.
beat up a couple of the players.
C. Even with the advances in underwater diving technologies, it was not possible to find the Titanic, which had sunk in 1912, until 1985.
D. Two players were seriously injured after having been attacked by rival supporters who had invaded the pitch after the cancellation of the football match.
D. Despite technological progress in deep-sea diving, it was not possible to find the Titanic until 1985, seventy-three years after she had sunk.
42. What I can't work out is how he managed to steal the diamond, while it was being protected with the latest laser technology.
38. Thai cuisine is unlike Turkish cuisine because the fruits and vegetables which cars be grown in each country are totally different.
A. The way he was able to steal the diamond, though it was secured by the most recent laser technology, is something that I can’t solve.
A. Both Turkish and Thai cuisines rely on the fruits and vegetables grown in their own countries, so the food they cook is not at all similar.
B. I’m confused as to why even the latest model laser protection wasn’t able to stop him from stealing the diamond.
B. Thais don’t like Turkish cuisine because the fruits and vegetables used in making the food are different from the ones in their country.
C. He stole the diamond using the newest laser technology, but how he managed to do it remains a mystery.
C. Turkish farmers and Thai farmers choose to grow different kinds of fruits and vegetables, so their national food styles are dissimilar.
D. How he broke the latest model laser protection system and stole the diamond is something we have no idea about.
D. Turkey and Thailand are only able to produce certain kinds of fruit and vegetables, and they are not similar at all, so the food they cook is different.
43. Tickets for the McCartney concert only went on sale this morning, but they had all sold out by midday.
39. If I wasn't sure that the DVD player was broken, I wouldn't have brought it to you to have it repaired, would I?
A. As a result of overselling this morning, the McCartney concert tickets have been unavailable since this afternoon.
A. It is because I am certain that the DVD player doesn’t work that I brought it here for you to fix it.
B. Someone had bought up all the tickets for the McCartney concert by lunchtime, so there were none left in the afternoon.
B. I know I shouldn’t have brought the DVD player for you to fix before I was sure that it was broken. C. I felt certain that the DVD player didn’t work, and brought it to you, but apparently, it is not broken. D. If I hadn’t brought the DVD player for you to look at, I wouldn’t have been sure that it was broken. 40. Factual news and rumours both get about much more quickly these days with the international reach of the Internet. A. Now, with the international connection of the Internet, it is possible to get true or rumoured stories about anything at any time you like. B. In our present time, news, both true and exaggerated, is spread through foreign countries very fast because of the Internet. C. Nowadays, through the Internet, which links the world’s countries, not only factual news but also rumours are spread faster. D. At the moment, it is easier to get hold of factual news as well as rumours through the Internet because it connects many different countries. 41. The football match had to be caused off when rival supporters ran onto the pitch and beat up two players. A. When the football match was cancelled, some rival fans jumped onto the pitch and started a fight with two of the players.
C. Tickets for the McCartney concert were only sold in the morning, so those who wanted to buy in the afternoon had to do without. D. By noon they’d run out of tickets for the McCartney concert even though they’d only started selling them this morning. 44. Picasso was such a talented artist that he never seemed to find it difficult to quickly run off a painting or a sculpture, and this resulted in a huge body of work. A. Picasso’s extraordinary talent can easữy be seen in both his sculptures and paintings, of which there are thousands. B. Producing a piece of art speedily was apparently so easy for an artist of Picasso’s ability that there are literally thousands of examples of his work. C. Many people can’t work out why Picasso always found it so easy to paint or Sculpt large bodies so quickly and skillfully. D. Producing such an enormous number of paintings required extraordinary skill, and this clearly shows Picasso’s unmatched talent as an artist. 45. As you were supposed to do the dishes, you ought not to be so angry with your mother for shouting at you about it. A. Your mother was very angry when she was shouting at you for not doing the dishes, as you were supposed to. B. You should do the dishes and stop being angry at your mother for screaming at you about it.
B. Two players were attacked after rival fans had come onto the field; this led to the football match having to be cancelled.
C. Your mother wasn’t wrong to yell at you for not doing the dishes, as it was your turn to do it, so you shouldn’t be so mad at her.
C. The football match was ended when rival fans started to call to each other to invade the pitch and
D. Your mother ought not to have been angry and shouted at you for not doing the dishes, even
though you were supposed to. 46. As far as I can see, she's enjoying living on her own, and getting on quite well with her new job.
-10-
A. I think she’s getting along just fine at work, and the single life seems to suit her a lot better.
1. Eric is going to be very lonely living by himself in that remote area.
B. It appears to me that, as well as having fun living alone, she’s also quite successful in her new position.
A. Eric will live by himself in that distant place and he will feel very lonely.
C. I know that living as a single woman is something she likes, along with her success in her job.
B. Eric enjoys being on his own, so living in that remote place won’t bother him much, C. That area is very far from the city, so Eric will be alone most of the time.
D. Living alone and having a successful job are just what she wanted, and she seems to have attained both.
D. Remote areas are often lonely to live in, but Eric enjoys the solitude. 2. You could hardly have decided ors a less secure career than that of a novelist.
47. By the time the visitors started showing up, he still hadn't completed the dinner preparations.
A. There are some careers that are not as secure as that of a novelist.
A. He was still preparing the dinner when the guests began to arrive.
B. If it is security that you are after, you should try being a novelist.
B. The visitors began to arrive just as he was finishing up the preparations for dinner.
C. In deciding to be a novelist, you have probably chosen the least secure career possible.
C. The moment the guests started coming in, he finished with the dinner preparations.
D. There are probably better ways of securing your future than becoming a novelist.
D. He wasn’t able to finish preparing the dinner until the guests had all arrived.
3. Only Mike has the expertise to carry out this project.
48. We couldn’t have bought him that jacket because we simply didn't have enough money.
A. This project can only be carried out by someone with the same knowledge and skills that Mike has.
A. We didn’t buy that jacket for him owing to the fact that it was too expensive for us. B. Had we had a little more money, we might have considered buying him that jacket.
B. There is only one person with the skill required for this project, and that is Mike, C. Mike should be the one to do the project because he knows so much.
C. The price of that jacket was barely affordable for us, so we decided not to buy it for him after all.
D. Mike has to be consulted about this project because he knows more than anyone else.
D. As we just didn’t have the necessary amount of money, it was impossible for us to buy him that jacket.
4. If I had known you needed a hand painting your house, I would have helped you.
A. After having done so poorly this year, the manager thinks he is going to get fired.
A I didn’t help you to paint your house because I had no idea that you were doing it. B. I am planning to help you to paint your house whenever you are ready, C. Let me know when you are going to paint your house, and I will lend a hand.
B. We have done so badly this season that our manager is very likely to lose his job.
D. You didn’t tell me you needed help painting your house; otherwise, I’d have assisted you.
C. They really should have fired the manager after he’d had such a bad season.
5. Ellen would trust her mother, but not her sister, with anything.
D. There is some doubt over the future of our manager, in spite of his not doing too badly this season.
A. Although Ellen finds her mother completely trustworthy, she does not feel the same about her sister.
50. Developments in the science of genetic engineering may, in the future, lead to the first human being born without an actual mother or father.
B. Ellen felt she could trust neither her mother nor her sister with anything.
49. It'd be surprising if our manager didn't get fired after our poor results this season.
A. It could be possible in the future to make a child without a real mother or father, if the science of genetic engineering develops uncontrolled. B. The science of genetic engineering is progressing in a way that no parents will be necessary to create a human being in the future. C. In the years to come, a human being without real parents could possibly be born for the first time, owing to advances in the field of genetic engineering. B. The first person in the future born without a genuine mother or father will probably be a result of the changes in the science of genetic engineering.
C. There was nothing that Ellen would not trust her mother, as well as her sister, with. D. Neither Ellen nor her sister feel that they can trust their mother with everything. 6. Having prepared for the worst, they were pleasantly surprised to find themselves bypassed by the hurricane. A. Even if the hurricane had hit them, they wouldn’t have been affected much. B. It was such a relief when the hurricane did not strike them, though they had prepared for the worst. C. Had they not made such extensive preparations, they would have suffered even worse damage. D. While they had made preparations for the hurricane, it was still a relief that they did not suffer much damage.
7. In Nepal, literacy increased by approximately 40 percent from the early 1950s to the end of the century.
A. Publishers never turned down the manuscripts of Phyllis James White, a British mystery writer.
A. 40 percent of the people of Nepal became literate during the latter half of the 20th century.
B. The publishers were eagerly awaiting the manuscripts of Phyllis James While, a British mystery writer.
B. At the end of the 20th century, about 40 percent of the Nepalese were literate, much higher than in the early 1950s.
C. Phyllis James White, a British mystery writer, refused to send her manuscripts to a publisher who had even once rejected her.
C. About 40 percent more of the Nepalese population became literate during the second half of the 20th century.
D. The British mystery' writer Phyllis James White wrote so well that hardly any publishers turned her manuscripts down.
D. From the middle to the end of the 20th century, only about 40 percent of Nepalese people could read and write.
12. While recycling has caught the public imagination, reducing waste has attracted much less attention.
8. Though once quite fatal, the threat of pneumonia has been greatly reduced as a result of antibiotic treatment.
A. Using things again is the best way to reduce the amount of rubbish.
A. A threatening disease which used to be fatal in the past, pneumonia has now been eliminated by antibiotic treatment. B. Pneumonia was a rather deadly disease in the past, but antibiotic treatment has lessened its dangers very much. C. Despite its dangers being significantly reduced thanks to antibiotics, pneumonia can still be rather deadly. D. In order to lessen its deadliness, the threatening disease pneumonia must be treated with antibiotics. 9. The eradication of snakes by humans has resulted in an abrupt rise in rodent populations in certain areas. A. The number of rodents living in a certain place is directly connected to how many snakes humans are killing. B. The rate of elimination by humans not only of snakes but also of rodents has gone up significantly in some areas. C. Had humans not eliminated the snakes in some areas, there would be much smaller populations of rodents living there. D. By killing snakes, humans have caused the numbers of rodents in some places to increase drastically. 10. Few novels offer as sharp a commentary on the injustices faced by Blacks as Richard Wright's Native Son. A. Unlike most novels, Native Son was based on wrongs Richard Wright himself, as a Black, had faced. B. Native Son, by Richard Wright, is one of his many sharply critical novels about the injustices faced by Blacks. C. Richard Wright’s Native Son comments more cuttingly than most novels on the unfairness Blacks confront. D. Quite a few novels, such as Richard Wright’s Native Son, comment cuttingly on the unfairness confronted by Blacks. 11. British mystery writer Phyllis James White never received a rejection slip from any publishers for any of her novels.
B. People are more interested in recovery and reuse than in creating less rubbish. C. It is not generally known that reducing waste is more effective than recycling. D. Recycling is not necessarily the best way of reducing waste, according to the public. 13. She seems pleased with her results, but I'm not so happy with mine. A. I expected higher results than her, but unfortunately, I was disappointed. B. Although she was more pleased with her results than I was with mine, hers weren’t actually any better. C. She is quite happy about her results, but I wouldn’t be if I were her. D. I’m less pleased with my results than she is with hers, with which she appeal's to be happy. 14. Most of the public believes that cancer is caused by toxic substances. A. Most of the population thinks that poisonous substances play a role in the increase in cancer cases. B. It is generally believed that poisonous chemicals are the main factor in the development of cancer. C. The majority of the population is of the opinion that poisonous substances are the reason behind the development of cancer. D. The fact that toxic chemicals cause cancerous tumours in the human body is well-known among the public. 15. The project required for graduation will take up most of our time in our final year. A. We will have plenty of time in our final year because we only have to do our graduation project. B. If we didn’t have to do a compulsory project, we would have plenty of time to do other things before graduating. C. We have to do a project in order to graduate, and it is keeping us very busy. D. The project that we must do in order to graduate will leave us with little time in our final year. 16. Since the match on Sunday is so popular, it was Wise of you to buy our tickets in advance. A. There are not many matches as popular as this one, so it will be very crowded on Sunday, thus I’m glad you’ve already bought our tickets. B. Due to the popularity of the game, we bought our tickets for Sunday in advance, which was clever of us.
C. You acted intelligently by buying our tickets for Sunday’s game beforehand, as there is such a great demand for it.
22. Most of the river ferries have been cancelled today due to the Sack of visibility caused by the fog.
D. It would be intelligent to buy our tickets before Sunday, as it is a very popular match and we may not be able to find tickets then.
A. Because of the fog, it will be difficult for most of the ferries to cross the river safely today.
17. You ought to think harder about what you want to study before you make your choice, so that you can make the most of your future. A. In order to have the best chance for your future, you shouldn’t decide until you’ve thought about what you want to study more. B. You should think about what you want to study, but don’t choose anything until you have also thought about its relevance to your future. C. So as not to regret your choice in the future, don’t make a hasty decision about what you want to study. D. If what you want to study does not provide a good future for you, then you should think harder about the relevance of your choice. 18. In spite of the positive reviews in the newspapers, sales of the novel were disappointing. A. If the novel hadn’t been so positively reviewed, the people buying it wouldn’t have been as dissatisfied.
B. Whenever visibility is poor owing to fog, nearly all of the river ferries are cancelled during the day. C. A few of the ferries need to be rescheduled because of the fog that is causing poor visibility on the river. D. Since today’s fog is obstructing visibility, the majority of the river ferries will not be running. 23. Few things are more unpleasant than a windy winter day on a farm in the open plains. A. There are not many things worse than being on a farm in the open plains on a windy winter day. B. A great number of things are worse than being on a farm in the open plains on a windy winter day. C. It is difficult to put up with windy winter days, particularly if you are on a farm in the open plains. D. Farms in the open plains are more disagreeable on windy winter days than at any other time. 24. It is not uncommon for a child who is ridiculed to grow up into a shy adult,
B. While the novel had been given good reviews, those who bought it were disappointed.
A. On occasion, a child mocked by others will turn out to be an adult who is shy.
C. Fewer novels than anticipated were sold, although it had been well-praised in the newspapers.
B. Children who are ridiculous tend to grow up into adults who are uncommonly shy. C. Should children be constantly mocked, they are bound to grow up to he shy adults. D. Shyness in adulthood is often the result of a person’s having been mocked as a child.
D. Because the novel received such good reviews, it sold out quickly and many people were unable to buy it. 19. They have to postpone the search until the weather improves. A. As the weather was bad, they couldn’t go on with the search, and had to wait until it improved. B. They can’t continue with the search before the weather gets better. C. They don’t think it’s a good idea to continue with the search before there’s an improvement in the weather.
25. Someone ought to have accompanied Jennifer to her house from the party. A. When Jennifer left the she said she didn’t want anyone to accompany her. B. Jennifer shouldn’t have been allowed to leave the party and go home on her own. C. Someone offered to accompany Jennifer home from the party, but she refused. D. It would definitely be wrong to let Jennifer go home from the party on her own.
D. They are planning to go on with the search if the weather becomes good enough.
26. Though I don't like the poems my sister writes, I can't deny that she puts a lot of effort into them.
20. Her paintings are quite lovely, but still, she hasn't sold a lot of them.
A. It’s not that my sister can’t write good poems, but that her poems don’t appeal to my taste.
A. Since her paintings are so beautiful, she ought to manage to sell a lot of them.
B. I don’t know why my sister spends so much time trying to write those poems, as they’re no good anyway.
B. She would surely sell more of her paintings if only they were a bit more lovely, C. Although her paintings are rather lovely, she has decided to sell only a few of them. D. Not a lot other paintings have been bought, despite the fact that they are rather beautiful. 21. I don't mind Setting him borrow my CDs, providing that he promises to be careful with them. A. He’s assured me that he’ll be careful with my CDs, so I don’t mind if he borrows them. B. So long as he gives me his word to treat them carefully, I have no problem with lending him my CDs.
C. I don’t think much of my sister’s poems, but I have to admit that she works hard on them. D. It’s obvious that my sister puts a lot of effort into these poems, but I think she is only wasting her time. 27. The deciding match of the series will take place tomorrow afternoon, weather permitting. A. The match that will determine the series’ winner will be played tomorrow afternoon if the weather is not too bad.
C. I’ve always known him to be a careful person, so I don’t worry when he borrows my CDs.
B. Even if the weather is bad, tomorrow’s match, which will decide the winner of the series, will be played.
D. As I know how careful he’ll be with them, I’ll let him borrow my CDs whenever he likes.
C. The weather will probably not permit the match to be played tomorrow afternoon.
D. It would be unfortunate if the weather did not permit tomorrow’s match to be played, as it will determine the winner. 28. Karl claims that he used to speak not only English but also Welsh well when he lived in Wales.
usual. D. Why don’t we start the meeting late tomorrow, even though I know none of us is used to leaving so late? 33. She is intent on going to university whether she can get her parents' approval or not.
A. While living in Wales, Karl had to learn not only English but also Welsh.
A. She’s attending university, even though her parents do not approve of her doing so.
B. Karl says that he took the advantage of learning two languages, English and Welsh, while in Wales.
B. Whether or not her parents will agree to her going to university depends on what she intends to study.
C. According to Karl himself, he was quite fluent in both English and Welsh during the time he lived in Wales.
C. If she can get her parents’ approval, her intention is to go to university.
D. Speaking not only English, but Welsh as well, Karl claims that he was able to mingle with the Welsh easily.
D. Even if her parents don’t agree, she’ll still go to university. 34. You can only have my notes art condition that you bring them back tomorrow.
29. My uncle Brian, who is retired now, was a nurse for over forty years.
A. I can let you borrow my notes until tomorrow, if you like.
A. Working as a nurse for in excess of forty years, my uncle Brian has recently retired.
B. You must return my notes by tomorrow; otherwise, I won’t lend them to you. C. You can take my notes, but not until tomorrow.
B. Although he has since retired, my uncle Brian worked as a nurse for more than forty years. C. My uncle Brian, who used to be a nurse, worked non-stop for forty years until he retired recently. D. Forty years of working as a nurse has now forced my uncle Brian to retire. 30. Scarcely had we opened the door than we realized we shouldn't have left the dog home alone. A. We used to leave the dog by herself in the house only rarely, and even then, would regret it upon our return home.
D. Providing that you bring them back in good condition, you can borrow my notes until tomorrow. 35. Our team hasn't won a trophy for five years. A. Every five years our team wins a trophy. B. Five years ago, our team failed to win a trophy. C. Five years ago was the last time our team won a trophy. D. Five years is a long time to wait for our team to win a trophy.
B. Every time we have to go out, we wonder whether leaving the dog in the house by herself would be a good idea.
36. He can't have read much about the subject before giving his speech because he was completely uninformed.
C. The moment we opened the door, it became obvious that the dog had not really been alone in the house.
A. Since he knew nothing about the subject, he clearly hadn’t researched it well before speaking.
D. We knew leaving the dog at the house by herself had been a bad idea as soon as we opened the door. 31. I'd never seen anybody so shocked as Claire was when she heard Ben propose marriage to her. A. Should Ben have asked Claire to marry him, I guess she would’ve been extremely shocked.
B. In the end, he didn’t have to give his speech anyway, so he needn’t have read so much about the topic. C. Not having read much about the subject before his speech, he wasn’t surprised at being considered uninformed. B. He had to read a lot about the topic before speaking because he knew nothing at all about it.
B. I’d thought Claire would’ve been more shocked when Ben asked if she would marry him.
37. The staff couldn't have worked any harder, but they could not even finish half of the order all week.
C. I’d never imagined I could see anybody so shocked as Claire was when Ben asked her to marry him.
A. Had the staff worked a little harder, they might have finished all the order by the end of the week.
D. When Claire heard Ben asking her to marry him, she was more shocked than I’d ever seen anyone be.
B. Throughout the week, the staff could only complete half of the order, which shows they didn’t work as hard as they should have.
32. I wouldn't mind having a late meeting tomorrow since I'm quite used to going home late.
C. The staff, who only completed half of the order all week, couldn’t have worked as hard as they claimed they did.
A. I’m trying to get more accustomed to going home late, so I think I’ll start the meeting late tomorrow. B. As it’s rather normal for me to go home late, conducting a meeting late tomorrow would be no problem for me. C. It’s rare that I go home late, but it’ll be no problem if tomorrow’s meeting is a bit later than
D. Throughout the week, less than half of the order was able to be produced, although the staff worked as hard as they could. 38. If you added a little pepper to it, I'm sure the rice would taste better.
A. Putting a bit of pepper on the rice would almost certainly give it a better flavour. B. Had you only put a little pepper on the rice, it would certainly not taste so bad.
B. If my car doesn’t work, it is probably because of the battery, C. I suspect that the trouble with my car is the battery.
C. If you wish, you could add some pepper to the rice in order to make it taste better..
D. When my car doesn’t work, it is usually because of the battery.
D. I’m certain that all this rice needs to make it taste great is a little bit of pepper added.
46. U2’s new album is the best they've made for quite some time.
39. Everyone in my family keeps on telling me to eat my food more slowly. A. To get me to eat my food more slowly, my whole family has to tell me firmly to do so. B. Everyone in my family takes turns telling me to eat my food more slowly. C. My whole family is constantly saying that I should eat my food less quickly. D. All of my family members eat slowly, and they're always telling me that I ought to do so as well. 40. Had I known how crowded it’d be, I'd never have moved to Madrid. A. I moved to Madrid only because I was unaware of how many people were there. B. Since it was so crowded in Madrid, I decided that I would never move there. C. In the end, Madrid turned out to be far more crowded than I’d thought before moving there. D. I would have had a better time living in Madrid if only there hadn’t been so many people.
A. U2 haven’t made a new album for a long time. B. It has been a long time since U2 made an album as good as this new one. C. U2 used to make better albums than they do now. D. U2’s new album is so good that they will not be able to equal it for quite a while. 47. Tom wanted to go scuba diving on his holiday, but he couldn't because he had a bad cold. A. Tom might have gone scuba diving if he hadn’t caught a cold. B. Tom was unable to go scuba diving during his holiday because the water was too cold. C. Tom’s cold was a good excuse for him to get out of going scuba diving on his holiday. D. Tom’s cold kept him from going scuba diving, as he had hoped to, on his holiday. 48. Up to a hundred thousand people were crowded into the stadium for the closing ceremony of the games.
A. If you don’t heed this warning, you could be in big trouble.
A. A packed crowd of at most a hundred thousand was present in the stadium for the concluding ritual of the games.
B. Two warnings are all I’m going to give you, and this is the second one. C. I hope you don’t expect another warning after this one.
B. There must have been at least a hundred thousand people who came to the stadium to see the games.
D. You’ve already had two warnings, and the next one will be your last.
C. The stadium had room for no more than the hundred thousand people who wanted to watch the concluding ceremony.
41. This is the second time I've warned you, and I don’t intend to do so again!
42. She was so nervous on the night before her exam that she could hardly sleep. A. Being so excited, she did not want to sleep the night before the exam. B. Had it not been for the upcoming exam, she would have slept better. C. If she had slept better the night before her exam, she would have been less nervous.
D. Hundreds of thousands of people observed the final events of the games. 49. Had you let me know in time, I would have been able to meet you. A. If you told me in time, I could meet you.
D. She was too nervous to sleep well the night before her exam.
B. You should have let me know in time; then I could have got together with you. C. You were too late to let me know that you wanted to meet me.
43. I'd never seen them so happy before.
D. You never let me know in time to meet you, as was the case the last time.
A. It was the first time I had seen them in such high spirits.
50. If you go to Tokyo next month, I might go with you.
B. They have never been so happy, have they? C. They look much more cheerful than usual.
A. Since we are both going to Tokyo next month, let’s go together.
D. When I saw them, they looked exceedingly happy.
B. I wish you’d told me you were going to Tokyo so I could have accompanied you. C. Should you to go to Tokyo next month, perhaps I’ll accompany you.
44. I could never have reached my goal had it not been for your advice.
D. Why don’t you go to Tokvo next month so I can go too?
A. I wish you had been able to give me better advice about what I wanted to do. B. Without your advice, it would have been impossible for me to succeed. C. If only you had advised me in time, I might have been able to attain my goal. D. Your advice made it impossible for me to achieve my dreams. 45. Something is wrong with my car, and it seems to me to be the battery. A. If the battery wasn’t dead, my car would be working.
C. My report turned out not very well as 1 was unable to bring up all of the points I had been planning to.
-111. It was the wooden acting in the film that made me leave the cinema before the end. A. I couldn’t bear to stay in the cinema till the end of the film because the acting was so dull. B. There were so many wooden scenes in the film that I could hardly face staying to the end. C. I would have left the cinema right away if I had realized how bad the acting was going to be. D. The acting in the film was so dull that I wish I hadn’t wasted my time watching it till the end. 2. It was nice of her to get me a gift, even though she didn't have to.
D. Once the report had finished, It was pointed out to me that I hadn’t brought up all the topics that I should have. 7. The students don't seem to be entirely satisfied with their new teacher. A. There is, it seems, total dissatisfaction among the students concerning their new teacher. B. Displeasure with their new teacher seems to be something about which all of the students can agree. C. It appears that there are some things about their new teacher with which the students are not happy.
A. Had she known what a nice thing to do it would be, she would have got me a present.
D. Apparently, the new teacher has managed to disappoint quite a few of the students.
B. It wasn’t necessary for her to give me a present, yet it was good of her to do so. C. She was going to give me a gift, but it was actually better for me that she didn’t.
8. This operatic performance requires all attendees to dress formally.
D. She probably didn’t know how nice it would have been for her to have actually got me a present. 3. I won't let him borrow anything ever again if he forgets to bring me back my jacket today. A. Probably it’ll be a good idea if I don’t lend him my jacket anymore, since he’s always forgetting to bring it back. B. Since he’s forgotten again to give back the jacket he borrowed, I’m not going to be lending him anything anymore. C. I’m very unset that he has once again forgotten to bring back the jacket I let him borrow. D. Should he not remember to give back my jacket today, I will never lend him anything from now on. 4. It's possible that the plane has been delayed because of the bad weather. A. It’s certainly the bad weather which has resulted in the plane’s being late. B. It may be the bad weather that has caused the plane to be delayed. C. The weather must have been very bad, or else their plane wouldn’t have been delayed. D. The obvious reason for the plane’s being delayed for so long is the bad weather. 5. I took am extra pair of boots for the trek in case the others wore out. A. Knowing that trekking can easily wear out a pair of boots, I have decided to take a spare pair, just in case.
A. No one wearing casual clothing may attend this opera. B. Informal clothing is considered inappropriate at operatic performances. C. Attendees are often asked to dress smartly when attending the opera. D. No one ever wears anything but their most formal clothes to come to such an operatic performance. 9. Had you spoken more carefully, you probably would not haws been so insulting. A. You insulted nearly everyone, but that would not have happened if you had not been so careless about your words. B. You probably ought to choose your words with great care so as to avoid being offensive. C. Such offense would likely not have been taken if you had been more careful about what you said. D. It would probably be found quite insulting were you not to speak with a great deal of care. 10. Her personal assistant should have reminded her about the conference, A. She could never have remembered the conference if her personal assistant hadn’t reminded her. B. She forgot about the conference even though her personal assistant had reminded her. C. Her personal assistant is responsible for reminding her whenever there is a conference. D. It was her personal assistant’s duty to remind her about the conference. 11. You're required to hand in your homework on time in order not to get a zero.
B. My boots wore out on the trek, so I was glad that I’d taken an extra pair.
A. Are you going to do your homework on time, or do you want to get a zero?
C. As my other boots were wearing out, I took a second pair with me on the trek.
B. The rule is that you will get a zero unless your homework is received on time. C. If you don’t want a zero, you had better get your homework done on time.
D. For fear that my boots might wear out on the trek, I went equipped with a spare pair. 6. Mot until after I'd given my report did I realize I hadn't mentioned all of the points I'd wanted to. A. In my report, I’d intended to bring up more points than I actually did, though I only noticed this after I’d finished. B. I had carefully planned all the points I would be mentioning in my report, but in the end I forgot some of them.
D. One way of making sure you do not get a zero is to hand in your homework on time. 12. Few other paintings an the world are as famous as the Mona Lisa. A. There are more famous paintings in the world than the Mona Lisa, but not many. B. The Mona Lisa is among a group of paintings that are very famous worldwide. C. A few other paintings in the world are more famous than the Mona Lisa.
D. Only a small number of paintings throughout the world are equally well-known as the Mona Lisa.
B. She should have chosen to study Chinese when she was at school.
13. I don't like to waste my money on CDs, and neither does my best friend.
D. She is sorry that she didn’t learn Chinese when she had the chance.
A. Both my best friend and I prefer not to spend our money needlessly on CDs.
C. She washes that she had had the chance to study Chinese.
B. I prefer buying CDs whenever I can, but my best friend thinks they’re a waste of money.
20. He's been studying for so many years that he should have realized sooner that his grammar was incorrect.
C. My best friend prefers to buy CDs, while I prefer to save my money.
A. He has been a student for so long that he could quickly tell when his grammar was incorrect.
D. We would buy CDs together more often if my best friend wanted to.
B. A student of his experience ought to have noticed his incorrect grammar earlier.
14. It's likely that I'll have left the party before she shows up.
C. The student would have known that his grammar was incorrect if he’d had more experience.
A. I would like to have left the party before she arrives.
D. The grammar wouldn’t have been so problematic if the student had been aware of it sooner.
B. She won’t be able to find me at the party when she finally arrives. C. By the time she arrives at the party, I may well have already gone.
21. If you cannot learn a vocabulary word by heart, sometimes drawing a picture can help.
D. Once she has got to the party, I will probably leave.
B. Drawing a picture will help you remember every vocabulary word you encounter.
A. Without drawing it is impossible to remember vocabulary.
15. He never asks his friends to help him out unless he absolutely needs it.
C. Don’t try to remember vocabulary words you don’t understand; draw a picture instead.
A. His friends won’t give him any help if he doesn’t absolutely need it.
D. The memorizing of a vocabulary word can at times be aided by the drawing of a picture.
B. Only when it’s really necessary for him does he request assistance from his friends.
22. The arrested president denied any involvement in the incident,
C. He doesn’t want his friends to help him even if he really needs help.
A. The police arrested the president whom they suspected of being involved in the incident.
D. Whenever he needs help, he knows that he can count on his friends.
B. The president under arrest for the incident claimed her innocence of the charge.
16. We had all expected that the movie would be less boring.
C. The president who was thought to have been involved in the incident was arrested.
A. None of us had any idea about the movie we went to see, and it turned out to be terribly dull. B. All of us were already expecting the movie to be boring, but not as much as it factually was. C. The movie was not quite as boring as we had all thought it would be. D. Expecting that the movie would not be boring, all of us went to see it. 17. Hardly anyone can resist the taste of sushi once they have tried it, A. So tasty is sushi that, once you have actually tasted it, it’s impossible not to want to taste it again. B. Nobody who has tried sushi is able to withstand the temptation to taste it again. C. Nearly everyone who has once experienced the taste of sushi would like to experience it again. D. Very few people who have experienced sushi will find it tasty enough to want to experience it again. 18. Natural medicines used to attract people more a few years ago than they do today.
D. The president who was arrested refused to produce the names of the others involved in the incident. 23. Having watched the film in dubbed sound, Carlo concluded that he'd missed some of the finer aspects of the original. A. Carlo felt that if he had watched the film in its original language, he would have caught its nuances more. B. Carlo decided to watch the dubbed version because he did not understand the language of the original film. C. After Carlo had seen the film in its original and dubbed versions, he realized that the latter missed out a lot of things. D. Carlo liked watching foreign films in dubbed sound because then he understood the ideas better. 24. It may be difficult to find a ticket this close to the festival.
A. No longer are natural medicines as attractive to people as they were several years previously.
A. When the festival is near, tickets are sometimes difficult to get hold of.
B. Never have natural medicines been as attractive to people in recent years as they are these days.
B. There is nobody selling tickets close to where the festival is.
C. Natural medicines were not so attractive a few years ago, so people used them less frequently than they do these days. D. People today can find natural medicines that are more attractive than those available a few years ago. 19. She regrets not having taken the opportunity to learn Chinese. A. It’s a pity that she has never been able to speak Chinese.
C. The closer the festival gets, the more difficult it is to get a ticket. D. With the festival so near, getting a ticket will possibly be problematic. 25. Philip wrote a letter to the local newspaper to express his anger towards the building project. A. The local newspaper printed Philip’s angry letter about the building project.
B. The local newspaper was furious about the planned buildings and Philip expressed the same feelings. C. Philip’s angry feelings towards the intended construction were shown in his letter to the local newspaper.
D. I would like to make some decisions about my future, but I think I am too young. 31. Pedro had been looking forward to living on his own, but he missed his family so much that he soon moved back in with them. A. Pedro wanted so much to move back in with his family that he decided to stop living on his own.
D. The building project led to angry responses, of which Philip’s letter to the local newspaper was one.
B. In spite of his initial enthusiasm for living by himself, Pedro suffered so much from homesickness that he quickly moved back in with his family.
26. There is hardly a family in the town which the war has left unaffected.
C. Pedro had not particularly wanted to live on his own, but when he found out how pleasant it was, he decided not to go back to his family.
A. A few families were almost completely wiped out by the conflict in the town. B. The war has affected almost all the families in the town. C. After the war, there wasn’t a family which hadn’t been affected. D. All the families in the town went through great hardships during the war. 27. I can't say I'm happy about living in the city centre, but I prefer it to the time-consuming commute to work every day, A. Rather than wasting my time travelling to and from work, I have chosen to live in the city centre, though I don’t really like it. B. I know I won’t be happy living in the city centre, but I’ll prefer it to having to commute to work every day. C. The only advantage of living in the city centre is that you don’t have to waste a lot of time commuting to work every day. D. Since travelling to and from work is taking so much time, I’m considering moving to the city centre, but I might not be very happy there. 28. I think my hair looks fine, but my mother believes it needs a little more brushing. A. My mother and I agree about just how much brushing my hair actually needs.
D. Pedro would never have tried living on his own had he realized how much he was going to miss his family. 32. For me, this is such art interesting book that I have read it several times. A. I have read this book quite a few times, since I find it so interesting. B. It is an interesting book, and I think worth reading at least a couple of times. C. The book is interesting no matter how many times you read it. D. This book is interesting enough to be read more than once. 33. This must be the place, but we had better ask to make sure. A. Let’s ask someone to see where the correct place might be. B. It is important that we ask someone so as to make certain whether or not we are in the right place. C. Though I am sure this is the correct location, we ought to inquire to be certain. D. It is possible that this is the place we are looking for, though we might also ask someone and find out.
B. My mother says she doesn’t like it if I only brush my hair a little.
34. The band had to cancel quite a few of their concerts that had been announced before they began their tour.
C. While my mother thinks my hair requires slightly more brushing, I am happy with the way it looks.
A. The number of concerts announced before the band’s tour started was different from that which they actually performed.
D. Although my mother thought my hair needed a little more brushing, we were generally satisfied with the way it looked.
B. Forced to make many cancellations, the band didn’t perform as many concerts as was announced prior to their tour.
29. If you had left me alone, I would have finished this in no time,
C. So many of their scheduled concerts were cancelled that the band ended up performing only a few by the end of their tour.
A. Be sure not to disturb me so that I can finish this on time. B. Why didn’t you leave me alone and let me finish this? C. Were you to leave me alone, I would quickly complete this.
D. The band had to cancel most of the concerts which were announced at the beginning of their tour.
D. I couldn’t finish this quickly because of your bothering me.
35. I ended up being punctual for the meeting despite having missed the ferry.
30. I don't see why I should have IO decide ors my future when I am so young. A. It seems unreasonable to me for someone as young as me to have to choose a course for their life.
A. I surely would have got to the meeting on time had I only been able to catch the ferry. B. I would rather have taken the ferry, but nonetheless I managed to make it on time to the meeting. C. It wasn’t actually my missing the ferry that resulted in my not arriving punctually at the meeting.
B. I am so young that I cannot decide at this point what I want to do with my life.
D. Though I didn’t manage to catch the ferry, I still arrived on time for the meeting.
C. As young as I am, I wish I could see what the future has in store for me.
36. I have scarcely ever eaten such a delicious cantaloupe.
A. Never before have I eaten a cantaloupe so delicious as this one.
bothered in the least.
B. Only rarely have cantaloupes as delicious as this one been encountered.
A. What happened seemed to interest everyone, particularly Emma, who seemed to be even bothered by it.
C. It is only very seldom that I have had a cantaloupe as delicious as this. D. Barely had I eaten the cantaloupe than I realized how delicious it was. 37. Should you delete this comma, the sentence would have a very different meaning. A. You would make the sentence mean something quite different if you were to get rid of this comma. B. You could change the whole meaning of the sentence by putting this comma in a different place.
B. Almost everyone was surprised at what happened to Emma, but I wasn’t bothered by it at all. C. All of us were only slightly interested in what happened, but Emma seemed the most disinterested of us all. D. What happened didn’t’ appear to bother Emma at all, but otherwise, it interested us all. 43. Don't keep worrying about it; there is nothing you can do, anyway.
C. Do not delete this comma; otherwise, the sentence’s meaning would change slightly.
A. You should do something to stop yourself worrying about it.
D. The meaning of the sentence can only be changed by means of the deletion of this comma.
B. It is no wonder you feel worried, because you’re not doing anything about it.
38. By some it is supposed that bad luck may be avoided by knocking on wood.
C. You shouldn’t let it trouble you because the situation is helpless.
A. Bad luck is said to be preventable by knocking on wood sometimes.
D. Since you can’t do much anyway, it is not worth worrying about it.
B. There are some people who believe that it is bad luck to avoid knocking on wood.
44. Despite the recent Sack of rain, the farms are still doing quite well.
C. If bad luck is coming, it will be destroyed provided that one knocks on wood. D. That knocking on wood can keep bad luck away is believed by some people.
A. However little it may rain in general, the farms always manage to performat a fairly high level. B. The outlook for farm production is positive in spite of how little rain there has been lately. C. Due to the absence of any rain lately, there is beginning to be a bit of trouble on the farms.
39. Stefano has to retake his driving test even though he only failed because of a few minor points.
D. The farms are not having too much trouble, even though there has not been any rain lately.
A. Stefano could have passed his driving test if he had practiced a little harder, since he failed only because of a few small points.
45. The ancient Mayan script puzzled archaeologists for years, but it was finally deciphered.
B. Stefano wasn't able to pass his driving test, but he only didn’t because of a small number of unimportant points.
A. After years of being mystified by it, archaeologists eventually were able to decode the written language of the Maya. B. The script of the ancient Mayan civilization cannot be read without difficulty.
C. Although Stefano did come quite close to passing his driving test, he has to take it again.
C. The Mayan language would not have taken so long to interpret had it not been so difficult.
D. Stefano has to practise more if he is to pass his driving test the second time. having just failed on his first attempt.
D. It was so difficult to decode the written language of the Mayan civilization that archaeologists eventually gave up.
40. Except that the rent is not high, the apartment has nothing to recommend it. A. There are no positive points about the flat apart from the fact that it is cheap to rent. B. The most important thing to consider about a flat is how low the rent is. C. The apartment was recommended to me because of its low rent. D. Though the rent cannot be recommended, it probably is the cheapest apartment that can be found. 41. You shouldn’t consider going abroad until you have bought some travel I insurance. A. I always get hold of some travel insurance before I go abroad, and I’d recommend you to do the same. B. You ought to purchase some travel insurance before contemplating visiting a foreign country. C. It is dangerous to travel outside of your own country without taking travel insurance. D. You purchase travel insurance before visiting other countries, don’t you? 42. We were all interested to know what happened, apart from Emma, who didn't seem to be
46. As I live so close to the border of Syria, I would consider studying Arabic, but heard that it is a very difficult language to learn. A. As I live close to the border of Syria I should learn Arabic, but I probably won’t because I find the language extremely difficult. B. If I hadn’t heard that Arabic is an extremely hard language to learn, I would think about studying it, because I live near Syria. C. If I didn’t find learning languages so hard, I would probably learn Arabic, especially as I live so close to Syria. D. Living so close to Syria, I have the opportunity to learn Arabic, but I think it is going to be difficult, or so I have heard. 47. He lost quite a few jobs because he was such an unpunctual worker. A. He was late to many of his jobs and, accordingly, nearly lost all of them. B. Having never actually showed up on time to any of them, he was fired from most of his jobs. C. Had he not been so late so often, he may well have kept one or two of his jobs.
D. As a result of his persistent lateness, he was fired from several different jobs. 48. The cheap book Is better designed than the expensive one. A. Though the first book is only slightly more expensive than the other, the latter has a better design. B. Both of the books have a good design, yet the less expensive one’s is a bit better.
-121. I see no reason to change my clothes so long as they are not excessively dirty.
C. The book which costs more does not have as good a design as that which costs less.
A. If my clothes were a bit dirty, then probably I would think about changing them.
D. While both books are well designed, the design of one is better than that of the other.
B. Provided my clothes are not too dirty, I do not think it necessary to change them, C. I will have to change my clothes if they get any less clean than they currently are.
49. I'm not sure that the Aziz Nesin Theatre Group's version of The Idiot appeals to me, even if my brother can babysit. A. Had my brother been able to babysit, I might have gone to see the Aziz Nesin Theatre Group’s version of The Idiot. B. If my brother agrees to babysit, we can go to the Aziz Nesin Theatre Group’s version of The Idiot, which I think you might enjoy, C. I probably wouldn’t have enjoyed Aziz Nesin Theatre Group’s version of The Idiot, but my brother couldn’t babysit for us anyway. D. My brother might be able to babysit, but even so, I’m not convinced that the Aziz Nesin Theatre Group’s version of The Idiot is something I would enjoy. 50. At this exact moment, I am wishing I had checked my answers more carefully. A Right now, I am regretting the fact that I didn’t check my answers carefully enough.
D. It is illogical to change my clothes when they are not actually dirty. 2. A psychiatrist can only help him if he tries to help himself. Á. À good psychiatrist will be able to show him how to help himself B. As long as he is able to help himself, there is no need for him to see a psychiatrist, C. Unless he makes some effort towards helping himself, a psychiatrist will be of no use to him. D. Since he is unable to help himself, he had better see a psychiatrist. 3. He said he would be here at 6 o’clock, but he hasn’t showed up yet, A. In spite of promising to come here at 6 o’clock, he has not yet arrived. B. It is 6 o’clock, so he should show up any minute. C. If he comes at the time he said he will be here by 6.
B. Had I checked my answers more carefully, I wouldn’t have failed the test, C. Ever since I failed the test, I have been regretting not checking my answers carefully.
D. Since he arranged to be here by 6 o’clock, he undoubtedly will be.
D. How I wish 1 had checked my answers after I had finished the test.
4. Rather than buying him a sweater, why don’t we make one ourselves? A. I would rather buy a sweater for him than make one ourselves. B. Let’s make him a sweater ourselves instead of buying him one. C. Would you rather buy him a sweater or make one yourself? D. Do you think we can manage to make him a sweater, or should we buy him one? 5. You will never have another opportunity like this. A. You’ll find that opportunities like these are few and far between. B. There has never been an opportunity like this. C. You should have taken the chance when you had it. D. This is the best chance you will ever get. 6. As long as you complete all your assignments, you should get a goad mark. A. Finishing your homework is not all you need to do in order to get a good mark. B. Completing your assignments is the first step towards getting a good grade. C. People who do all their assignments are almost certain of getting a good grade. D. If you want a good mark, you had better not fail any of your assignments. 7. Most of Cesare Pavese's Italian works are available Bn French, while in English this is not the case. A. Only a minority of Cesare Pavese’s works written in Italian can be found in English, whereas a
majority of them can be found in French. B. There was opposition to translating most of Cesare Pavese’s Italian works into English, but you can find them translated into French. C. The works of the Italian writer Cesare Pavese are much more popular among French people than English people. D. The availability of the minority of Cesare Pavese’s Italian works in English is the reverse of what it is in French. 8. The US economy has been generating strong economic growth over the past few years, but the wages of the average worker have actually fallen. A. Most Americans now have a smaller salary than they had a few years ago; as a result, the US economy will be unable to continue to grow.
B. The last apartment which we looked at with your mother was close to your place of employment, and it had an elevator, which is necessary for her. C. The apartment that we were shown last isn’t a long distance from the site of your job; however, it needs more, such as an elevator for your mother. D. The apartment which we looked at last is not only close to your place of work, but it is also good for your mother because of the elevator. 12. The electricity was no longer cut off by the time Cindy returned home from work. A. The electricity was once again on when Cindy came back home from her job. B. Hardly had Cindy got into her house after coming home from work when the electricity came back on. C. The electricity came back on as soon as Cindy returned from her job to her house.
B. The US economy has been able to maintain powerful economic growth over the least few years by cutting the salaries of the majority of workers in the country.
D. Cindy hoped, as she was on her way home from work, that the electricity was no longer cut off.
C. The income of the average worker in America wouldn’t have fallen had the US economy been rapidly expanding during the last few years.
13. Would you mind if I went to the florist's now?
D. A typical American worker now earns less than he or she used to, even though the economy of the US has been getting much bigger for the last few years.
B. Why won’t you allow me to go to the florist’s now? C. Would you mind getting off to the florist’s now?
9. So as to not forget to take his pills at the correct times, Bill set the alarm on his watch to go off at those times, 10 a.m. and 10 p.m.
14. Ever since he moved there at nineteen, Daniel Tsui has lived in the US.
A. Bill never actually forgot to take his medication at the right time, but he still put his watch alarm on for 10 o’clock in the morning and at night, just in case. B. Twice a day, at ten a.m and p.m, Bill had to take his pills, and in order to remember to do so, he programmed his watch alarm for these times. C. Bill prepared his watch alarm to sound at 10.00 and 22.00, because otherwise, he would certainly have forgotten to take his medication. D. Without the alarm on his watch sounding at 10 o’clock in the morning and at night, Bill wouldn’t have remembered to take any of his pills. 10. Whenever Pedro returned to visit his family in Madrid, he brought with him a large number of presents from Germany. A. When Pedro, who lived in Germany, wanted to go to Madrid to visit his family there, he bought presents for them. B. Whenever Pedro came to Madrid from Germany, he would bring lots of presents for every member of his family. C. Pedro would arrive with a lot of presents for his family in Madrid every time he came back from Germany to visit them. D. Most of the presents which Pedro’s family in Madrid had received were given by Pedro during his visits from Germany. 11. The last apartment that we saw is not too far away from your workplace; what is more, it has an elevator, which your mother will need. A. Your mother has to use an elevator, which the last apartment we were shown had, but it was nowhere near the place of your employment.
A. I would rather you went, to the florist’s now.
D. I’ll go to the florist’s now, if it is all right with you. A. Daniel Tsui went to live in the US at the age of nineteen, and he is still there. B. Daniel Tsui has stayed in the US ever since he went there nineteen years ago. C. Daniel Tsui was about nineteen years old when he first went to the US. D. Daniel Tsui settled in the US when he was nineteen years old. 15. No sooner had gold been discovered In California than thousands of people set out for the west coast of North America. A. Thousands of people had already begun their journey to the west coast of North America by the time gold was found in California. B. Thousands of people were heading for California on the west coast of North America when the news of the discovery of gold there reached them. C. The west coast of North America became the destination of thousands of people the moment that gold was found in California. D. It was not soon after the time that gold had been uncovered in California that thousands of people departed for North America’s west coast. 16. On account of Stella's excellent work at the main branch of the bank, she is going to take over the branch in Leeds. A. At the main branch of the bank, Stella has done a fantastic job; moreover, she will continue to do so as manager of the Leeds branch. B. In order that she will be transferred to head the bank’s branch in Leeds, Stella has been doing amazing work at the main branch, C. Stella is going to be moved to the bank’s branch in Leeds, even though her duties at the main branch have been performed extremely well.
D. Stella is going to become manager of the bank’s Leeds branch because she has worked so well at the main branch.
B. Except for Nation Park and Independence Park, there are no suitable places in which the concert can be put on.
17. Under no circumstances can you use the telephone that is on the manager's desk.
C. The concert cannot be held in either Nation Park or Independence Park, because they are not suitable, so we’ll have to choose another venue.
A. There are no circumstances in which you’ll need to use the telephone which is on the manager’s desk. B. You are completely forbidden from ever using the telephone that is on the manager’s desk. C. You are under no obligation to use the telephone which the manager keeps on his desk. D. You are able to use the manager’s telephone, which is on his desk, in certain circumstances. 18. Having been interviewed about the situation in Poland for the TV news, Professor Garda returned to her office and got some notes ready for her speech. A. Before Professor Garcia went back to her office to prepare for her speech, she had answered some questions on the situation in Poland on the TV news. B. Because she had to explain the situation in Poland on the news on TV, Professor Garcia went back to her office to get her notes sorted out. C. Professor Garcia had some notes that she was to use for her speech, and she used them in the interview she had with the TV news over the crisis in Poland as well. D. Professor Garcia went back to her office to compose the speech that she was to give on the crisis in Poland for the TV news. 19. Upon getting out of the sea, Brandon noticed that a strange creature was stuck to his leg. A. Just as he was stepping out of the sea, a strange creature attached itself to Brandon’s leg. B. An odd creature, which Brandon did not notice immediately, placed itself on his leg soon after he came out of the sea. C. An odd creature had attached itself to Brandon’s leg in the sea, but he didn’t become aware of this until after he came out of the water.
D. The only places where the concert can be held are Nation Park or Independence Park, although both of them are unfit for it. 22. Thanks to the intervention of Mr, Collins, Matthew wasn't expelled from school for breaking a window. A. Despite having smashed a window, Matthew was allowed to remain at the school because of the support of Mr. Collins. B. Matthew wouldn’t have had to leave the school for breaking a window had Mr. Collins not interfered. C. Matthew thanked Mr. Collins for helping him not to be thrown out of school for shattering a window. D. Mr. Collins stopped Matthew from smashing a window, and thus prevented him from being forced to leave the school. 23. I certainly won't be lending Bruce any books again any time soon. A. I may be lending some books to Brace this time, but I probably won’t do so anymore. B. It’s certain that I won’t let Bruce borrow any books for such a long time again, C. Bruce definitely won’t be returning any books that he borrowed from me soon. D. It’ll definitely be a long time before I allow Bruce to borrow any more books. 24. Never before has Josephine, who is a student of Egyptology, been in a museum like this one. A. Before she became a student of Egyptology, Josephine didn’t use to visit museums like this.
D. Once Brandon had come out of the sea, an unusual creature, which he spotted immediately, became attached to his leg.
B. This is the first time that Josephine, who studies Egyptology, has been in a museum of this type.
20. Afraid of being condemned as Galileo Galilei had been, Rene Descartes chose not to publish The World, which was his work on cosmology and physics.
D. Even though Josephine is an Egyptology student, she has never been to a museum that is similar to this one.
A. Rene Descartes became worried that Galileo Galilei would condemn his book The World, which he had written on cosmology and physics, so he decided not to have it published.
C. Josephine is a student of Egyptology, so she likes this museum, which she hasn’t visited before.
25. New research confirms that regular use of low-dose aspirin can benefit women as well as men.
B. Rene Descartes had written on cosmology and physics in The World, but he decided not to have it printed because he didn't want to receive the same condemnation as Galileo Galilei.
A. Research is being carried out to see if low-dose aspirin works in the same way for both genders when taken regularly.
C. Because Galileo Galilei’s work on cosmology and physics had been banned, Rene Descartes published his book The World reluctantly.
B. Both men and women can benefit from taking a small amount of aspirin, but they have to take it regularly.
D. Rene Descartes was worried about his condemnation of Galileo Galilei in his book The World, which was on cosmology and physics, so he decided not to publish it.
C. Taking a small amount of aspirin regularly is good for both genders, which has been supported by a recent study.
21. Neither Nation Park nor Independence Parkis a suitable place to hold the concert, but there are no other possible venues for it.
D. A new study suggests that both men and women should take a small amount of aspirin regularly.
A. Neither Nation Park nor Independence Park is among the possible venues at which the concert can be put on.
26. I don't want to eat Thai food at the moment, but I have tried it once before, and I do like it. A. Although I’ve eaten it once, and I think it is nice, at present I have no desire to eat Thai food.
B. I think Thai food tastes nice, but I haven’t eaten any since the first time I ate it.
laboratory.
C. I like Thai food, but I haven’t eaten it for a long time, and I have no appetite for it now.
A. Helen may be a biology student because I know I have seen her studying in the laboratory.
D. Although I do think that Thai food is nice, I don’t think I’ll be able to eat any now.
B. I’m sure I saw Helen in the laboratory when she was studying biology.
27, Should the latest film starring Brad Pitt be on this weekend at our local cinema, I'll go and watch it with you.
D. As I see Helen in the laboratory every day, I’m sure that she studies biology.
A. I’ll go and see the latest film at the cinema with you this weekend, whether or not it has Brad Pitt in it.
C. Because I saw her in the laboratory a little while ago, I know that Helen is a biology student. 33. Ophelia was working in Oman at the start of the millennium, but for the past four years she's been In Hong Kong.
B. The newest film starring Brad Pitt should be on at our local cinema this weekend, so I’ll go with you to watch it.
A. For ten years now, Ophelia has been in Hong Kong, but at the beginning of 2000, she was working in Oman.
C. I’ll go along with you to our nearby cinema this weekend, if they are showing the latest Brad Pitt film.
B. Ophelia worked for ten years in Hong Kong and after that, in 2000, she went to Oman, C. Ophelia stopped working in Oman several years ago, and then lived in Hong Kong for ten years.
D. Brad Pitt should be in the latest film to come to the cinema near us this weekend, so I’ll accompany you to it.
D. For ten years after the start of the millennium, Ophelia worked in Oman, but now she is in Hong Kong.
28. The rain was too heavy for the umbrella we opened to have much effect.
34. Damien speaks Chinese, but at the moment he is reading a newspaper in Japanese.
A. As soon as we opened our umbrella, we realized that the rain was too heavy for it.
A. Damien is speaking Chinese while he is reading a Japanese newspaper
B. We needn’t have opened our umbrella, since it was raining too heavily for it anyway. C. In heavy rains, the umbrella we used to own didn’t actually protect us at all.
B. The newspaper Damien is reading now is Japanese, but he also reads Chinese ones. C. Damien, who speaks Chinese, prefers to read his newspapers in Japanese.
D. We opened the umbrella, but the rain wasn’t light enough for it to protect us much.
D. Damien is reading a Japanese newspaper right now, but he also speaks Chinese.
29, Salting meat so as to conserve it is a very old but still efficient practice.
35. Milan is unique in football history, as two different football dubs from the city have won the Champions League.
A. Though salting meat is an ancient method of preservation, it remains quite effective. B. One of the earliest methods of preservation, salting, is especially effective with meat. C. The ways by which meat is salted for preservation have not changed since ancient times. D. Salting has been used for a very long time not only to preserve meat, but other foods as well.
A. The two football clubs from Milan have both done well in the Champions League. B. With two of its football clubs winning the Champions League, Milan has no parallel in the history of football.
30. When mobile phones first came out, they were not only bulky, but also expensive.
C. The city of Milan has only two football clubs, but both of them have beet) successful in the Champions League.
A. Few people could afford the original mobile phones because they were so expensive.
D. In its history, Milan has seen two of its football clubs playing in the Champions League.
B. At the time they were introduced, mobile phones were big and cost a lot of money, C. The first mobile phones were inefficient as well as being difficult to use.
36. Amin Maaiouf has been living in France since he moved there at the start of the Lebanese Civil War.
D. Nowadays, almost everyone has a mobile phone because they are so small and cheap.
A. After the Lebanese Civil War, Amin Maalouf moved to France, and he is still living there.
31. Hardly a country in Europe managed to escape the effects of the Napoleonic Wars of 17991815.
B. When the Lebanese Civil War began, Amin Maalouf was already planning to move to and settle in France.
A. Lasting from 1799 to 1815, the Napoleonic Wars affected almost every European country.
C. When the Lebanese Civil War began, Amin Maalouf moved to France, and he has had his home there up to now.
B. Between 1799 and 1815, it was difficult for a European country not to be affected by the Napoleonic Wars.
D. Amin Maalouf was moving to his home in France when the Lebanese Civil War broke out.
C. It was between 1799 and 1815 that the countries of Europe were most affected by the Napoleonic Wars.
37. The only time that Robert buys magazines is when there are free DVDs with them.
D. The Napoleonic Wars, which began in 1799 and ended in 1815, influenced every country in Europe.
B. The only way that Robert gets DVDs is when they come free with magazines.
32. I know Helen is studying biology, because I have just seen her in the
A. The magazines that come with DVDs free of charge are the ones that Robert prefers to buy. C. Only once did Robert buy a magazine that came with a free DVD.
D. Robert never buys magazines except when they come with a DVD for no extra cost.
player.
38. Nothing you can do will make any difference to the boss' view.
B. While Gary’s certainly not a very good tennis player, last night he played less badly than before.
A. Anything you do will fail to alter the opinion of the boss.
C. Gary’s performance last night was his worst one so far, but he’s never been a good tennis player.
B. If you do something different, the boss’ opinion of you might change.
D. The horrible performance that Gary' gave in tennis last night established him as the worst player there.
C. Doing nothing won’t help you alter the way the boss thinks about you. D The boss’ view hasn’t changed because you are unable to do anything.
45. Scientists have predicted that Asteroid 99942 Apophis will not collide with the Earth in 2029.
39. Achilles stayed by his ships while the rest of the Greeks fought with the Trojans.
A. Scientists have decided that Asteroid 99942 Apophis won’t have a collision with Earth until 2029.
A. As the Greeks and the Trojans had a battle, Achilles remained and rested by his ships. B. When the other Greeks were fighting the Trojans, Achilles didn’t leave his ships. C. The Greeks with Achilles fought the Trojans while they were close to their ships. D. The Trojans attacked the other Greeks when Achilles remained with his ships.
B. In 2029, Asteroid 99942 Apophis and Earth will not hit each other, according to the belief of scientists. C. The view of science is that the collision between Earth and Asteroid 99942 Apophis will happen sometime after 2029.
40. It doesn't appear to me as if Tom can learn Romanian without a teacher.
D. Asteroid 99942 Apophis isn’t likely to crash into our planet before 2029, say scientists.
A. I get the impression that, in learning Romanian, Tom will need someone to teach him.
46. When Oscar was working on the computer, he felt a sudden pain in his head.
B. I think I’ll have to find a teacher for Tom so that he can learn Romanian a lot more easily.
A. Even when he suffered from headaches, Oscar went on working on the computer.
C. I know Tom is studying Romanian hard, but he really needs a teacher.
B. Oscar’s work on the computer suddenly caused his head to start to hurt.
D. It’ll be difficult for Tom to successfully master Romanian without the help of a teacher.
C. Oscar was working on the computer, and just then his head unexpectedly started to hurt.
41. Most of the animals on the farm died when there was a flood,
D. As Oscar continued to work on the computer, the pain in his head got more intense.
A. The flood caused the majority of the farm animals to die shortly afterwards.
47. The Mayan civilization had declined before the Spanish conquered Central America.
B. Few of the animals on the farm were affected by the flood.
A. The Spanish conquest of Central America caused the fall of the Mayan civilization.
C. Only a few of the animals on the farm survived the flood.
B. The Spanish took over Central America because of the weakness of the Mayan civilization.
D. A small number of the animals on the farm were unable to survive the flood.
C. The Mayan civilization became rather weak when the Spanish fought to take control of Central America
42. Sara must have been sleeping; otherwise, she would have heard the window break. A. If she had been sleeping, Sara would have missed the sound of the breaking window. B. The window broke while Sara was about to fall asleep, but she wasn’t aware of it.
D. The Mayan civilization became weak, and later on, the Spanish took control in Central America 48. Barely had Cora sat down at her computer in her office when she was called away to deal with an unhappy customer.
C. Sara was sleeping so deeply that she wouldn’t even have heard a window breaking.
A. Because Cora was instructed to sort out the complaint of an annoyed customer, she had no time to sit down at her computer.
D. I’m pretty sure that Sara was asleep at the time, because she didn’t hear the window smash.
B. Someone called Cora out of her office to try and sort out the problem of a dissatisfied customer just after she had sat down in front of her computer.
43. I'm working on my thesis these days, so I don't have time to go out at the weekend.
C. An unhappy customer called Cora out of her office to deal with his complaint, just as she was getting into her seat in front of her computer.
A. I didn't go out last weekend, as I have been doing my thesis for the last few days B. I have no time to go out during the weekend, as I’m doing my thesis at the moment. C. I don't go out at weekends, because I have to start working on my thesis.
D. Cora was ordered to help resolve the problem of an upset customer before she was able to go into her office and sit down at the computer.
D. Because I’m working on my thesis these days, I have no time to go out, except at weekends.
49. The emirate of Dubai is constructing the tallest building in the world, and will have finished it by 2010.
44. Though Gary's never played tennis well, last night he was worse than ever.
A. By the end of 2010, the emirate of Dubai will have put up the tallest building in the world.
A. Gary played absolutely terrible in last night’s tennis match, so now it’s clear that he’s a bad
B. Before or in 2010, Dubai will house the tallest building in the world as the emirate is starting to
construct it soon. C. The tallest building in the world, which the emirate is building now, will be in Dubai before or in 2010.
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D. The emirate of Dubai will start constructing the world’s tallest building in the year 2010.
1. Fiona has smoked for 25 years, but now she is trying to give up.
50. Before George Orwell started to write, he had worked for the colonial British police in Burma.
A. Fiona will stop smoking when she hits completed the 25th year.
A. George Orwell started writing when he was a colonial British police officer in Burma B. George Orwell was first a British police officer in colonial Burma, and then he began to write. C. George Orwell had already begun writing before he worked as a British police officer in colonial Burma. D. While he was serving as a British police officer in colonial Burma, George Orwell began to write.
B. For a quarter of a century now, Fiona has been trying to give up smoking. C. By the time she tries to stop, Fiona will have been smoking for a quarter of a century. D. Fiona is making an effort to stop smoking, which she started 25 years ago. 2. Sarah has just cut her hand, so I'm dashing to the chemist's to buy a bandage. A. I’m on my way to the chemist’s to buy a bandage quickly, because Sarah cut her hand just now. B. I've been to the chemist’s to buy this bandage for Sarah’s cut finger. C. Sarah’s hand is bleeding terribly, so I’ll quickly go to the chemist’s to buy a bandage. D. We need a bandage for Sarah’s cut finger, so someone has to dash to the chemist’s. 3. By the time the ferry leaves, we will have been waiting here for six hours. A. We will wait here for six hours, and then the ferry will depart. B. The ferry will not leave for another six hours, so we will be waiting here until then, C. After we have got on the ferry, the journey itself will take six hours. B. We will have spent six hours waiting here when the ferry leaves. 4. We will go out for a walk to the beach just after the match. A. Let’s wait till the end of the match, and then we can take a walk to the beach. B. As soon as the match has finished, we will take a walk to the seashore, C. The match will finish while we are taking a walk to the beach. D. We can’t go for a walk to the seashore before the match is over. 5. We can take either the 11.30 or the 11.45 train from Paris to Madrid; the latter is more expensive, yet it reaches there before the former. A. Instead of the train that leaves at 11.30 from Paris to Madrid, we should take the 11.45 train, since it is faster, though a bit more expensive. B. We can take one of two trains to Madrid from Paris, but if we want to get there as quickly as possible, then the 11.30 will be better for us than the 11.45. C. Although tickets for the 11.45 train from Paris to Madrid have a higher price than those for the 11.30, that train is much quicker and so we should use it. D. Of the two options available, the second train to Madrid leaves 15 minutes after the 11.30 and costs more, but it would get us there from Paris earlier. 6. It's needy sunset now and I still haven't eaten anything Since breakfast. A. There hasn’t been time to eat anything since breakfast, and now it’s almost sunset. B. Breakfast was the last thing that I ate and the sun will be setting soon. C. I generally don’t eat anything between breakfast and sunset, as is the case today.
D, I’m getting hungry because it’s almost evening and I haven’t even eaten breakfast today.
of a new campus there.
7. The taxi driver ignored the stop sign, so it was only natural that he crashed his vehicle.
C. The plan to build a new campus in Luton has, according to a recent statement, received approval from our university’s administration.
A. Naturally, the taxi driver nearly had an accident after he had disregarded the stop sign. B. The taxi driver probably crashed his car because he was foolish enough to ignore the stop sign. C. Since he paid no attention to the stop sign, it is not surprising that the taxi driver had an accident. D. As he had completely disregarded the stop sign, the taxi driver was lucky to avoid crashing his car. 8. There won't be peace in the conflict if both sides do not really desire it. A. It is only if both sides actually want the conflict to end peacefully that it will happen. B. As both sides in the conflict apparently desire peace, it is likely that there will be peace soon. C. The main problem in the conflict seems to be that neither side really desires peace. D. There has been a lot of fighting in the conflict because both sides seem to want it that way. 9. The price of orange juice has doubled due to cold weather in the orange- growing regions. A. The 100% increase in demand in the orange-growing areas, as well as cold weather, has affected orange juice prices. B. The orange-growing regions of the world have suffered greatly from cold weather and a doubling of prices. C. As a result of cold weather in the areas that grow oranges, orange juice now costs twice what it did before. D. When the weather in the regions that grow oranges gets cold, orange juice prices tend to rise by 100%. 10. The meteorologist has just said that it will rain heavily all next week. A. Throughout the coming week, according to the meteorologist, there is going to be heavy rain. B. The meteorologist has stated that it will continue raining heavily for most of the coming week. C. There is going to be a lot of rain until next week, if the meteorologist’s forecast proves correct. D. As the meteorologist has pointed out, it has been raining heavily since the beginning of the week. 11. The hotel had completely burned down by the time the fire-fighters arrived. A. Nothing but the arrival of the fire-fighters was able to stop the hotel from completely burning down. B. The fire-fighters came too late to save the hotel from being entirely destroyed by the fire. C. The fire-fighters came just in time to prevent the hotel from burning down completely. D. The fire-fighters bravely fought against the fire, but they couldn’t stop the hotel from burning down. 12. Our university's administration has recently announced that it will build a new campus in Luton. A. The administration of our university is going to construct a new campus in Luton, according to an announcement it’s made recently. B. According to a recent announcement by our university’s administration, Luton needs the building
D. The construction of the new Luton campus has not yet begun, as the administration of our university recently announced. 13. 1 had been planning to visit Haiti until the military coup made it too dangerous. A. I almost cancelled my trip to Haiti when the military coup came to power, as it could have been too dangerous B. Though a dangerous military coup came to power in Haiti, I was still planning to visit the country C. As it became too unsafe in Haiti when the military coup came to power, I cancelled my plan to travel there. D. It seemed as if my trip to Haiti was going to be risky because of the military coup that had come to power. 14. During the next decade, the population of Chicago will probably drop by at least a quarter of a million people. A. Ten years from now, Chicago’s population will definitely have dropped by more than 250,000 people. B. It is very likely that Chicago’s population will go down by no fewer than 250,000 people in the next ten years. C. The population of Chicago will almost certainly drop by at least 250,000 people yearly for the next ten years. D. At least a quarter of a million people have left Chicago in ten years, and they will probably continue to do so. 15. Amy fled to Canada three years ago, and she has been helping other refugees there since then. A. Three years ago, Amy decided to live in Canada, and then ended up supporting the refugees there. B. Three years after Amy had to migrate to Canada, she started to help other refugees, C. Amy has been aiding refugees in Canada from the time she arrived there three years ago as a refugee herself. D. Amy had supported refugees for three years before she went to Canada. 16. It was only towards the end of his trip to Brazil that Ludwig managed to speak some basic Portuguese. A Ludwig learnt how to say some basic Portuguese expressions during his visit to Brazil. B. Ludwig ended his visit to Brazil before he was able to speak simple Portuguese, C. Because Ludwig’s visit to Brazil was brief, he was unable to pick up much Portuguese. D. By the time Ludwig was able to say some simple things in Portuguese, he was about to leave Brazil. 17. While everyone expected Clement's party to be a disaster, it was exactly the opposite.
A. The expectation was that Clement’s party wouldn’t be successful, and it wasn’t.
come because she is ill.
B. Clement didn’t expect his party to go badly, but everybody else did.
D. The teacher had assigned Anna to give today’s oral presentation concerning William Shakespeare, but she cancelled it after becoming ill.
C. Completely contrary to everyone’s expectations, Clement’s party was really good. D. Just as everyone had predicted, Clement’s party was not a disaster. 18. Philip believes that, in 200 years' time, robots may have taken over the world. A. According to Philip, it is possible that robots will have gained control of the world two centuries from now. B. Philip supports the belief that the world will be in robots’ control two centuries from now, and he might be right. C. It is the opinion of Philip that it will only take 200 years for robots to be able to be in use all over the world. D. The belief that robots will begin conquering the world in 200 years’ time is something Philip finds interesting. 19. You couldn't have watched Dancing Days at the Chinese Theatre last: week because it hasn't played there for nearly a month. A. As Dancing Days has never played at the Chinese Theatre, it must have been some other film that you saw there this past week. B. The Chinese Theatre stopped showing Dancing Days almost a month ago, so you can’t have seen it there this past week. C. If you saw Dancing Days at the Chinese Theatre last week, then it is not true that they stopped showing it a month ago. D. It must not have been the Chinese Theatre where you watched Dancing Days, since it was only there for a month, and last week they stopped it. 20. Would you mind holding these plates for a minute while I take these other things off of the table? A. I’m going to remove the other stuff from the table, so do you think you could take care of these plates for a second?
22. It may be true that you don't have to attend university in order to be successful, but a college education certainly increases your chances. A. Studying at university can’t be absolutely necessary for your success, but it is nice to have a university degree. B. Without a college education, your chances for success go down, so it is probably not true that university is not a necessity for success. C. Success at university definitely prepares one for success in life, and so one ought to attend university so as to fully achieve success. D. Although it is correct that going to university is not necessary for one’s success, your chances definitely go up with a university degree. 23. Although it would be better for you to take no more than one of these pills per day, you may take up to two if the pain is intense. A. Whenever there is a great deal of pain, I will allow you to take two pills in addition to the one that you would normally take. B. You should have taken only one of these pills every day, but because of the severity of the pain, it’s okay that you took two. C. If your pain is really bad, you can have one extra pill per day, but normally you should take only one. D. Though you have perhaps taken one more pill per day than you were supposed to, it should not be a problem because the pain was intense. 24. It's possible that I did not correctly understand when I heard you say that you used to date Edward. A. I heard you say that you were once dating Edward, but I might have misunderstood your words. B. I have to say that I think your relationship with Edward was based on a misunderstanding.
B. Would you rather help me take the other stuff off of the table or take care of these plates for me while I do so?
C. Hopefully I did not understand your words incorrectly when you said that you had been dating Edward.
C. Do you think it would be difficult to remove so many things from the table while also handling these plates?
D. I thought that I heard you say that your date with Edward turned out to be full of misunderstandings.
D. Can you help me to put these plates down on the table in place of the things that I am going to remove from it?
25. The new job pays quite well, but the applicants must have certain skills.
21. Anna was supposed to give an oral presentation today about William Shakespeare, but she couldn't come because of her illness.
B. Specific talents are required for the new job, whose money is rather good, from those who apply for it.
A. Because of her illness, it’s possible that Anna won’t be able to come and give her oral presentation on William Shakespeare.
C. Only those who have a lot of skill will be able to receive the higher salaries that the new job offers.
B. As Anna got sick, she was unable to come and present the oral report on William Shakespeare that she was scheduled to do for today.
D. One has to be exceptionally talented to even think of applying for the new job, which pays good money.
C. Though Anna should be giving her oral report on William Shakespeare today, she might not
26. Which of these two films would you prefer to watch this evening: Glory or Driving Wiss
A. The people that will accept the applications are quite skilled, so they receive quite a good salary.
Daisy? A. Don’t you think that Glory would be a better film to watch this evening than Driving Miss Daisy? B. Is Glory the film that we are going to watch tonight, or is it Driving Miss Daisy? C. Would you rather see Glory tonight, or would you prefer Driving Miss Daisy? D. I would rather see Glory tonight, but would you prefer that or Driving Miss Daisy? 27. The collapse of Michael's marriage may have been the result of his selfishness. A. Michael should have been a bit unselfish, and then his marriage might not have collapsed. B. Michael could have behaved less selfishly, and that would have prevented his marriage from falling apart. C. The selfish behaviour of Michael certainly contributed to the collapse of his marriage. D. It is possible that it was Michael’s self-cantered behaviour that caused his marriage to fall apart. 28. Make sure that Tyler does not forget to bring his camera on the trek.
A. My relatives would always annoy me during the family picnics we had when I was a child by taking me into the forest and leaving me there. B. My annoying family members would have family picnics when I was young, and I got used to escaping from them into the forest. C. My relatives used to get really annoyed when I went into the forest and hide during the family picnics we had during my childhood. D. I used to enter the forest when there was a family picnic during my childhood, so that I could get away from my irritating family members. 32. Sonia was supposed to have taken her laptop to work this morning – she must have forgotten it. A. Sonia really needs to 1‘emember to bring her laptop with her to work this morning. B. It is probable that Sonia accidentally left, her laptop here, as she had to take it to work this morning. C. Sonia possibly forgot that she had to take her laptop with her to work this morning.
A. You should have reminded Tyler before the trek to take his camera along with him.
D. Sonia may not have remembered to bring her laptop to work this morning, although she should have done so.
B. Tyler had better remember to take his camera along with him on the trek.
33. You cannot bring any kind of weapon or dangerous chemical onto an airplane.
C. You must remind Tyler before the trek to take his camera along with him.
A. It is forbidden for you to take any sort of aggressive instrument or risky chemical onto an airplane.
D. Tyler won’t remember to bring his camera on the trek if you do not remind him. 29. It could be that Denise is not particularly wise, but she must have some intelligence because she is an engineer. A. It is possible that Denise is very intelligent, since she is an engineer, but I do not consider her particularly wise. B. Denise had to be very intelligent in order to become an engineer, but that does not mean that she is especially wise. C. Engineers like Denise are generally somewhat intelligent, even though, also like her, they are not always wise. D. Being an engineer, Denise is surely intelligent to some degree, although she may not be especially wise. 30. Larry ought to get a job rather than spending so much of his time doing nothing except watching TV. A. It is possible for Larry to find a job, but first he must stop spending so much of his time doing nothing but watching TV. B. Instead of watching TV and doing nothing else for such a large amount of his time, Larry should find employment. C. Larry does not do anything with his time apart from watching TV, and that is why he needs to get a job. D. Larry could have found employment, but he preferred to spend his time watching TV and doing nothing else. 31. During family picnics when I was a child, I would go off into the forest to escape my annoying relatives.
B. You aren’t supposed to take any of these weapons, or this risky chemical, onto an airplane. C. You needn’t carry tools of violence or an unsafe chemical when getting onto an airplane. D. When you fly by plane, you don’t have to carry a weapon or poisonous chemical. 34. Many amateur historians believe that Atlantis may have existed, but most serious ones reject this. A. Most serious historians say that Atlantis could have existed, but they doubt amateur historians’ claims that it certainly did. B. Although most serious historians don’t accept that Atlantis was a real place, a lot of amateur ones think that it possibly was. C. Despite most amateur historians thinking that Atlantis was certainly- real, most serious historians believe that they are wrong. D. While most serious historians think the existence of Atlantis is only a possibility, many amateur ones are certain that it actually existed. 35. Tom Hanks used to star mostly in comedy films, but in the 1990s he took on more serious roles. A. In the 1990s, Tom Hanks acted in serious roles, even though he had mainly featured in comedy films before. B. Since the 1990s, Tom Hanks has had to accept serious roles, but he would still prefer to star in comedy films. C. Tom Hanks can act in comedy films as well as serious ones, as his career before and after the 1990s shows.
D. Before he started playing more serious characters, Tom Hanks preferred to appear only in comedy films. 36. David couldn't have broken your CD player, as he was sitting in the living room with me all evening. A. David and I spent the evening sitting together in the living room, but he still may have broken your CD player. B. Because David and I were sitting together in the living room all evening, it is impossible that he broke your CD player. C. I doubt that David broke your CD player on the evening when he and I were sitting together in the living room all evening. D. I was sitting with David in the living room all evening, and I didn’t see him break your CD player. 37. Dogs can hear sounds that are higher-pitched and lower-pitched than those humans can hear.
do so there. A. It is better that people travelling in Thailand don’t expose the soles of their feet to others, as there, it is impolite to do so. B. Since it is impolite to do so there, travellers in Thailand would rather not show the soles of their feet to others. C. People visiting Thailand never uncover the soles of their feet, as it can be extremely rude to do so there. D. Fearing that they might offend people, visitors to Thailand don’t let other people see the soles of their feet. 42. Terence only failed ibis exam because he didn't study well enough. A. Terence might have more chance of passing the exam if he studies well. B. Terence could not have passed his exam even if he had studied. C. It was only Terence’s study habits that enabled him to pass his exam.
A. Dogs are able to hear both high- and low-pitched sounds, but humans aren’t.
D. If only Terence had studied better for his exam, he would have passed it.
B. It is probable that dogs hear sounds that are higher or lower in pitch than the sounds that humans hear.
43. You had no intention of being polite to Rose, so you shouldn't have called her.
C. Humans aren’t able to hear sounds as high- or low-pitched as those dogs are able to.
B. You promised to be polite to Rose, so talk politely when you telephone her.
D. Humans are not usually able to hear the high- and low-pitched sounds that dogs can.
C. It was wrong for you to call Rose, since you weren’t planning to be nice to her. D. I wish you hadn’t been so rude to Rose when you talked to her on the phone.
38. At the time of Qin Shi Huang, farmers from all over China had to build the Great Wall.
A. You must have wanted to be nice to Rose, or you wouldn’t have called her.
A. When Qin Shi Huang was alive, farmers from every part of China were required to construct the Great Wall.
44. No matter how soon we arrive at the conference, Clara will already have spoken.
B. While Qin Shi Huang was still living, all of China’s farmers may have built the Great Wall.
B, Clara’s speech will be finished, even if we get to the conference quickly.
C. Farmers from everywhere in China were allowed to work on the Great Wall during Qin Shi Huang’s time.
C. Unless we get to the conference soon, Clara will start her speech without us.
D. Farmers from every part of China must have helped build the Great Wall during the time of Qin Shi Huang.
45. The team we played yesterday were very bad, so, for once, we managed to win a match.
A. If we leave now, we can get to the conference in time for Clara’s speech.
D. Clara has already spoken, so there’s no reason to go to the conference now.
39. The American actor Johnny Depp would rather live in France than the us.
A. Because the team we played were really terrible, we managed to beat them easily.
A. The American actor Johnny Depp must be living in France right now, and not in the us.
B. The team we played against yesterday are so bad that we have been beaten by them only once.
B. Johnny Depp, the actor from America, probably thinks that France is a better country than the us.
C. Our team always loses, but yesterday was an exception, because the team we played against were awful.
C. The actor Johnny Depp is American, and used to live in the us, but now he lives in France. D. Johnny Depp is an American actor who prefers to have his home in France and not in the us. 40. Let's go to the cinema tonight - there must be an exciting film on this week. A. This week I want to watch an action film at the cinema - how about tonight? B. I know there is a thriller on tonight, so we have to go to the cinema and see it. C. There is without doubt a thrilling film on this week, so why don’t we go to the cinema tonight? D. I have heard that there’s an exciting film on at the cinema this week; tonight, we could go and see it. 41. Visitors to Thailand ought not to show the soles of their feet to anyone, as it is very rude to
D. The first time we were able to beat that really bad team was yesterday. 46. It said in the brochure that everything was included; however, the hotel charged us extra for drinks. A. According to the brochure, there would be no additional charges, but we ended up paying the hotel for our drinks. B. Apart from the drinks, which were specified as extra in the brochure, everything was included in the price of the room. C. Although the hotel charged us extra for drinks, as was stated in the brochure, everything else was covered by the initial price.
D. When we were asked by the hotel to pay for the drinks, we told them that we were on the everything-included scheme. 47. Because the climate of the area is suitable for its production, tea is grown in the Black Sea region. A. Tea grows in the Black Sea region, so the climate there must be suitable for it B. Tea can be grown in the Black Sea region whenever the weather conditions are suitable. C. Tea flourishes in the Black Sea region, because the weather of that area is usually good for it. D. People produce tea in the Black Sea region, since that area has appropriate weather for it. 48. Although the wildebeest had been killed by a female cheetah, it was taken from her by a pack of jackals. A. The wildebeest was dead, so a female cheetah carried it away from a pack of jackals. B. A group of jackals took away the body of a female cheetah after a wildebeest had killed it. C. A female cheetah had killed a wildebeest, but a group of jackals got the body from her. D. A female cheetah had died attacking a wildebeest, and her body was carried off by a group of jackals. 49. Our wedding invitations must have all been lost in the mail, as we haven't received any replies yet. A. It appears that all of our wedding invitations were lost in the mail, so we probably won’t be getting any replies. B. No answers to our wedding invitations have arrived so far, so I am sure that they were all lost in the post. C. No one has replied to our wedding invitations so far because they all fear that their reply will get lost in the mail.
-141. In 1922, Mew York postal officials burned 500 copies of James Joyce's Ulysses, which was banned In the United States until 1933. A. Though James Joyce’s Ulysses had been banned in the United States in 1922, it was not until 1933 that 500 copies of it were burned by postal officials in New York. B. Because James Joyce’s Ulysses had been banned in New York until 1933, postal officials burned 500 copies of it as soon as it was published in 1922. C. 500 copies of James Joyce’s Ulysses were burned by postal officials in New York in 1922, and, in the United States, it was banned until 1933. D. 500 copies of James Joyce’s Ulysses were burned by New York postal officials between 1922 and 1933 because the book had been banned in the United States. 2. Because it was the height of summer when the town was flooded, the humidity inside the houses became much higher than normal. A. The town had been flooded at the beginning of summer, and so the houses became more humid inside than normal as the summer went on. B. Whenever the town was flooded in the middle of summer, it used to get much more humid inside the houses than it normally was. C. Since the town was usually flooded during the hottest part of the summer, the houses always got very humid inside. D. The houses got far more humid inside than normal, because the flood happened during the hottest part of the summer.
D. Because all of our wedding invitations had got lost in the mail, no one was able to reply to them.
3. Billy was fired from the lemonade stand where he worked because he'd been drinking too much of the lemonade.
50. You will be allowed to enter the conference room as soon as the manager has finished with her presentation.
A. As Billy was drinking an excessive amount of the lemonade from the lemonade stand where he had a job, he lost his job there.
A. The manager will be finishing her presentation very soon, and then you may go into the conference room.
B. Billy left his job at the lemonade stand in order to find a job where he could drink more of the lemonade.
B. Now that the manager has finished presenting, you can enter the conference room.
C. Some people at the lemonade stand where Billy worked said that he had drunk too much of the lemonade, and so they fired him.
C. Until the manager’s presentation is done, you can’t go into the conference room. D. The conference room will be closed to everyone as long as the manager is still giving her presentation.
D. Billy drank a lot of lemonade before he lost his job at the lemonade stand that he was working at. 4. Brian was shocked that be was selected for the managerial position from among over fifty applicants. A. Brian was very surprised to see that more than fifty people had applied in the hopes of being chosen for the managerial position. B. None of the more than fifty applicants for the managerial position was more surprised than Brian when he was chosen for the job. C. More than fifty people had applied for the position as manager, and it was very surprising to Brian that he was chosen for it. D. It was a real surprise when they finally offered the position of manager to Brian after they had
already rejected over fifty of the applicants.
9. Doris didn't talk very much, since she didn't want to make her political opinions known.
5. It was only after the priceless ruby had beers stolen that the security guard noticed thát the museum had been broken into.
B. During her brief speech, Doris managed to conceal her political opinions.
A. After the men had broken into the museum and stolen the invaluable ruby, the security guard wondered how they had done it. B. By the time the security guard realized that someone had broken into the museum, the invaluable ruby had already been stolen. C. The security guard realized that the priceless ruby might have been stolen, because the museum had been broken into. D. The museum was broken into and the priceless ruby was stolen because the security guard hadn’t been paying any attention at the time. 6. Without the leaflets they distributed, the new bookstore wouldn't have attracted so many customers in just the first week. A. Nobody would have visited the new bookstore if they hadn’t handed out so many leaflets during the first week. B. More people would have come to the new bookstore if they had distributed more leaflets during the first week. C. The new bookstore drew hardly any customers during the first week, despite the leaflets that they distributed. D. The new bookstore drew a lot of customers in only the first week, and this was thanks to the leaflets that they handed out. 7. Over fifty people were inside the hotel that was destroyed by the bomb placed in its basement. A. The hotel’s basement, where the bomb had been placed, also had more than fifty people in it at the time.
A. As she wasn’t willing to reveal her political views, Doris spoke little. C. Doris tried, during her short talk, to avoid revealing her political opinions. D. Doris wasn’t speaking very much, so it was difficult to know what her political views were. 10. Permanent damage to the retina will occur if a person stares directly at the sun for more than a few moments. A. If a person has a damaged retina, he or she can gaze straight at the sun for more than a few seconds. B. Should it be looked at directly for longer than a few moments, the sun causes irreversible damage to the human retina. C. If a person looks straight at the sun for over a few seconds, his or her retina may become terribly damaged. D. Unless a person avoids looking straight at the sun, he or she is certain to suffer permanent retinal damage. 11. If the air conditioner was working, we wouldn't have needed to turn the fan on. A. We won’t need to use the fan if the air conditioner is working. B. We shouldn’t operate the fan when the air conditioner is working, C. The air conditioner was working, so we didn’t turn on the fan. D. We are only using the fan because the air conditioner is broken. 12. Mark wishes that he had studied British literature at university, Instead of sociology. A. Mark studied sociology at university, but now he thinks British literature would have been a better choice.
B. The hotel which the bomb in the basement completely demolished had more than fifty people in it.
B. Mark would rather be studying British literature at university than sociology, C. Mark was going to study British literature at university, but in the end he wound up studying sociology.
C. More than fifty people were in the hotel’s basement when the hotel was ruined by a bomb that had been placed there.
D. Instead of sociology, Mark wants to study British literature at university.
D. It is thought that over fifty people were involved in placing the bomb that entirely demolished the hotel’s basement.
13. If a person is having migraine, he or she should lie down and keep away from bright lights. A. A person can avoid having migraine if he or she rests and keeps at a distance from strong lights.
8. Whereas Mozilla Firefox is less messy, Internet Explorer is more familiar to most computer users.
B. Migraine can only be stopped if the sufferer relaxes and stays away from strong lighting.
A. Although Mozilla Firefox is only a bit more disorderly than Internet Explorer, many people prefer the latter due to its greater familiarity.
D. The best way to get rid of a migraine is to lie down and avoid bright lights.
B. It is Internet Explorer’s being less messy than Mozilla Firefox that makes it more popular with computer users.
C. A person ought to lie down and avoid bright lights when he or she is suffering from migraine. 14. Nancy wishes that she could afford to buy a ticket to the concert. A. Nancy wants to use her money to purchase a ticket for the concert.
C. Both Mozilla Firefox and internet Explorer are quite disorderly, so people usually prefer the latter, as they are more familiar with it.
B. Nancy wants to go to the concert, but she doesn’t have enough money for a ticket, C. Nancy wishes that she had bought a ticket for the concert.
D. The majority of people who use computers are better acquainted with Internet Explorer, but Mozilla Firefox has the advantage of being more orderly.
D- Nancy can afford to buy a ticket for the concert that she wants to attend. 15. Melanie wishes that she hadn't stayed in a hotel at the foot of the mountain.
A. Melanie didn’t stay at a hotel at the mountain’s base, even though she wanted to.
B. I suggest that we ask Jeff to come too, because then he can be the DJ if Sue can’t make it.
B. Melanie wishes there had been other hotels at the base of the mountain, C. The hotel was at the bottom of the mountain, so Melanie regrets her stay there.
C. Since Sue might not be able to come, why don’t we ask Jeff to be our DJ?
D. Melanie doesn’t want to stay in a hotel at the foot of the mountain. 16. The department store would have stayed in business if it had been able to attract more customers. A. The department store couldn’t get enough customers, so it had to close down. B. Unless the department store can attract more customers, it will go out of business, C. The department store found a way to attract more customers in order to remain in business. D. If the department store can pull in more customers, it won’t go bankrupt. 17. Irina wishes that she hadn't eaten the badly cooked chicken. A. Irina doesn’t want to eat the chicken, as it has been cooked badly. B. Irina didn’t want to eat the badly cooked chicken. C. The chicken wasn’t cooked properly, so Irina regrets that she ate it.
D. I’d rather invite Jeff as the DJ, because Sue often fails to keep her promise and does not show up. 22. Providing that strict building codes have been followed, it is not particularly dangerous to live in an earthquake zone. A. Living in this earthquake zone has no risk, because strict building rules have been stuck to. B. If tight building regulations had been followed, the risk of living in this earthquake zone would be small. C. It is fairly safe to live in an earthquake region if the buildings have been built according to tight regulations. D. Strict building regulations have been followed; otherwise, it would be very dangerous to live in this earthquake zone. 23. The people of Darfur wish that the international community would stop the genocide in their region.
D. Irina wishes that the chicken she ate had been cooked in a different way.
A. The people of Darfur want the international community to put an end to the genocide in their area.
18. If two bridges hadn't been built over the river, the traffic problems in the capital would be worse.
B. The genocide in the region of Darfur can only be stopped by the international community, according to the people there.
A. If there weren’t two bridges over the river, the condition of traffic in Istanbul would be bad.
C. The people of Darfur appealed to the international community to stop the genocide in their region.
B. The traffic situation in the capital would be worse without the two bridges that have been constructed over the river. C. Before the two bridges were constructed over the river, the capital had terrible traffic problems.
D. The people of Darfur know that, without the international community, the genocide in their area won’t stop.
D. The traffic situation in the capital has been eased considerably since the construction of the two bridges over the river.
24. According to recent research, a person is less likely to get serious flu if he or she is happily married.
19. Whether I have to work on Saturday or not. I'll go out to dinner with you that evening.
A. Recent research has revealed that, unless a person is in a happy marriage, he or she has a high risk of contracting flu.
A. I’ll take you out for dinner on Saturday evening if I don’t have to work that day. B. If I didn’t need to work on Saturday, I’d go with you somewhere for a meal that evening.
B. Recent studies show that a happy marriage reduces a person’s risk of getting serious flu.
C. Only if I don’t have to work on Saturday will I go out with you for a meal that evening.
C. New research shows that, providing that a person is in a happy marriage, he or she doesn’t need to worry about serious flu.
D. I’ll still go out for dinner with you on Saturday evening, even if I’m obliged to work that day.
D. Scientists claim that, if a person has heavy flu, he or she can’t be happily married.
20. Portsmouth Football Club would be winning more games If it had a better manager.
25. Maria expected to visit Abu Simbel when she was in Egypt, but she didn't have time to get there.
A. If the manager of Portsmouth Football Club had been better, a greater number of games would have been won by the team. B. Unless Portsmouth Football Club gets a new manager, it won’t be able to win any of its matches. C. A better manager would enable Portsmouth Football Club to beat other teams more often in its matches. D. It’s high time a new manager was found for Portsmouth Football Club in order to improve its performance.
A. Although Maria would like to have seen Abu Simbel during her Egyptian trip, she knew there wouldn’t be time for her to. B. Because of the short amount of time Maria was in Egypt, she nearly didn’t travel to Abu Simbel. C. In spite of the little time that Maria spent in Egypt, she managed to get to see Abu Simbel as she had planned.
21. Let's invite Jeff as well, so that he can take Sue's place as a DJ in case she fails to turn up.
D. Although Maria was planning to go to Abu Simbel during her stay in Egypt, in the end she couldn’t, due to a lack of time.
A. Jeff is also a good DJ, so we can invite him if Sue says she won’t be able to make it.
26. People in general distrust the statement that the prime minister gave to the press.
A. There is a public consensus that the prime minister’s statement to the media may not have been honest.
B. In India, the winds definitely do not increase until the monsoons have arrived.
B. The prime minister’s statement to the media was untrue, and most people are aware of that.
D. The people of India think that the monsoons have come whenever the winds rise.
C. Everyone agrees that what the press said about the prime minister’s statement is incorrect
C. Rising winds are a strong indication of the arrival of the monsoons to India.
D. There is a large body of opinion that trusts the prime minister even less than the media.
33. That the sky had just turned black made it obvious that I should have takers my umbrella with me.
27. There is little hope that Craig will be able to find a job.
A. I had unfortunately forgotten my umbrella because I hadn’t expected such a powerful storm from those dark clouds.
A. Craig hopes that he won’t have to find work for himself. B. It is not very likely that Craig’s search for employment will be successful. C. Craig hopes that it will only take a little time for him to get work. D. Craig has given up hope of finding employment.
B. I realized I ought to have brought my umbrella when it became clear that a storm was approaching. C. I had no idea why I did not take my umbrella with me, as the sky had been becoming increasingly dark.
A. Since the bathroom had insects in it, Lewis didn’t like his room in the hotel.
D. I did not bring my umbrella since it would have been of little use against the kind of storm that the dark sky promised.
B. Lewis was happy with his hotel room because the bathroom was free of insects.
34. It is Wilbur who the police of Knoxville suspect was the one that robbed the jeweller's.
C. If the bathroom had been insect-free, Lewis would have liked his hotel room.
A. The police of Knoxville are wondering if it was Wilbur or someone else who robbed the jeweller’s.
28. Despite the insects in the bathroom, Lewis was content with his hotel room.
D. Lewis was satisfied with his hotel room even though the bathroom had insects in it. 29. Only those countries in the Pacific region will be invited to attend the conference. A. No country that is outside of the Pacific region will be asked to come to the conference. B. The conference is probably just going to be attended by countries from in or around the Pacific. C. Only those nations that are in or around the Pacific have applied to attend the conference. D. The conference might not have any representatives from countries that are not along the Pacific. 30. Despite the Fire-fighters' efforts, the building burned down completely. A. As a result of what the fire-fighters had done, the building was destroyed in the fire. B. The fire-fighters did not work hard enough, and so the building was entirely burned down. C. The fire entirely destroyed the building even though the fire-fighters tried to stop it. D. The building would not have burned completely if the fire-fighters had tried harder. 31. Among the diplomats to whom the minister sent written invitations to the dinner was Ms. Peterson.
B. The jeweller’s was robbed, and the Knoxville police have arrested Wilbur for it. C. The police in Knoxville are questioning Wilbur about the robbery at the jeweller’s. D. Wilbur is thought by the Knoxville police to have robbed the jeweller’s. 35. Something led Edna to believe that Adam and Ruth had got separated. A. That Adam and Ruth had got separated was what Edna made people believe. B. Adam and Ruth have separated, just as Edna had anticipated. C. Edna somehow got the impression that Adam and Ruth were no longer living together. D. Edna informed both Adam and Ruth that it would be better if they stopped living together. 36. What you need to do most is to organize your study time, which would prevent you from panicking before exams. A. More than anything else, you ought to study according to a system, so as not to get terrified prior to tests. B. You can only avoid panicking before exams by finding a way to study in a systematic manner.
A. Ms. Peterson was one of the diplomats who received a dinner invitation from the minister in writing.
C. Organizing your hours of study would probably help you not to panic when there is an exam approaching.
B. The minister wrote to Ms. Peterson himself, as he felt she should be among the diplomats invited to the dinner.
D. Your biggest problem is that you do not study and, as a result, you are frightened of exams, which is entirely preventable.
C. Except for Ms. Peterson, all of the diplomats present at the dinner had written invitations with them.
37. Elton John is so successful a musician that he has had a career spanning five decades, in which he has sold over 250,000,000 records worldwide.
D. Unlike the other diplomats at the minister’s dinner, Ms. Peterson was the only one to be invited in writing.
A. For five decades, Elton John, who has sold over 250,000,000 records worldwide has been the most successful musician in the world
32. In India, a sure sign that the monsoons are coming is when winds start increasing.
B. Having sold more than a quarter of a billion records in five decades all over the world, Elton John is a very successful musician.
A. It is clear that, in India, it is only when the monsoons come that the wind increases.
C. Elton John, the successful musician, has sold more than a quarter of a billion records since he turned fifty years old. D. With the quarter of a billion records that he has sold in five decades all over the world, Elton John can be considered a successful musician
43. Lydia asked me if I thought that Anna ought to be expelled from the chess dub. A. It was clear that Anna deserved to be removed from the chess club, but Lydia questioned me anyway about whether I thought this was right. B. I was asked by Lydia what I thought about Anna’s having been expelled from the chess club.
38. The band must start playing at 9 o'clock, regardless of whether the singer comes on time.
C. Lydia wanted to learn my opinion about whether Anna should be removed from the chess club.
A. Even if the singer does not arrive on schedule, the group has to begin their performance at 9 o’clock.
D. After Anna had been kicked out of the chess club, Lydia wondered what I had thought about the incident.
B. At 9 o’clock, the band will begin playing without the singer, who is going to arrive late. C. The group’s performance has been scheduled for 9 o’clock, although the singer will probably arrive late. D. The band has decided that it will start playing at 9 o’clock, even if the singer has not arrived by then.
44. However you cook those potatoes, Hugo will still eat them. A. The potatoes will be consumed by Hugo whether you are the cook or not. B. Hugo will eat those potatoes so long as they have been cooked. C. If you cook those potatoes in the way that Hugo likes, he’ll certainly eat them.
39. Julia can't remember how much money is left in her bank account.
D. In whatever way you cook those potatoes, they will still be eaten by Hugo.
A. Julia can’t decide how much money she should leave in the bank.
45. Professor Brown told me to learn Esperanto so that 1 could properly understand the poetry of William Auld.
B. Julia can’t recall how much money she put into her bank account. C. Julia has forgotten the amount of money she now has in the bank. D. Julia keeps her money in the bank, but she never knows how much she has. 40. Whatever reason Vincent gave for not coming in to work today, I'm sure it was a lie. A. Vincent’s excuse for not turning up for work today is something that I can’t accept as being true. B. Vincent is a liar, so I’m certain that he found some excuse for not coming in to work today. C. Vincent was lying about not coming in to work today - I’m. certain of it. D. Even though I don’t know what it was, the excuse given by Vincent today for being absent must be untrue. 41. Marcus Hikes both Korean and Japanese, so he can't decide which one to study at university. A. Even though Marcus likes Korean and Japanese, he can’t work out which university he should go to. B. Marcus doesn’t know whether to study Korean or Japanese at university, because he likes them both. C. Although Marcus likes both Korean and Japanese, he doesn’t know if he’ll study them at university. D. Despite his love of Korean and Japanese, Marcus doesn’t know whether to study one of them at university. 42. Our baby was crying so loudly that he woke up our neighbour. A. Our neighbour was angry that he had been woken up by our baby’s noisy crying. B. Our neighbour was awake during the whole time our baby was crying loudly. C. Our baby was crying very loudly, so our neighbour was unable to go to sleep. D. Our baby was making such a noise with his crying that our neighbour awoke.
A. I was told by Professor Brown that, in order to be able to correctly appreciate William Auld’s poetry, I should learn Esperanto. B. By helping me to learn Esperanto, Professor Brown also enabled me to properly understand William Auld’s poetry. C. When Professor Brown informed me that William Auld’s poems were in Esperanto, I wanted to learn the language to understand them better. D. The poetry of William Auld, as Professor Brown informed me, is difficult to understand properly if one does not know Esperanto. 46. Since I had a terrible toothache during the exam, I was unable to complete more than half of the questions. A. While I was just over halfway through one of the questions in the exam, I had to stop because of a horrible toothache. B. I couldn’t finish the majority of the exam questions because I had an awful toothache while I was doing them. C. From the time that my toothache started in the exam, I was only able to do a few of the questions. D. Due to my toothache, which was getting worse and worse, I was only able to finish just over half of the questions in the exam. 47. Zachary wants to get back at Jamie for playing a trick on him during his interview on the student radio channel. A. Zachary hopes to be treated better during his next interview on the student radio channel, as Jamie played a trick on him during the first one. B. Because Jamie gave him the chance to be interviewed on the student radio channel, Zachary would like to meet him again. C. Zachary created an interview program for Jamie on the student radio channel, so Jamie wishes to repay him somehow.
D. As Jamie tricked Zachary in his interview on the student radio channel. Zachary hopes to get his revenge on him. 48. The Bourne Identity, written by Robert Ludium, is a book about a man who must discover who he is and why people are trying to kill him. A. In The Bourne Identity, written by Robert Ludlum, a man who doesn’t know' his own identity is asked to commit murder, but isn’t told the reason. B. Robert Ludlum wrote a book, called The Bourne Identity, about a man who couldn’t learn his own identity until after he had killed his would-be assassins. C. Robert Ludlum’s The Bourne Identity tells the story of a man that is trying to find out his identity and the reason for his being a target for murder. D. In Robert Ludlum’s The Bourne Identity, a group of people are trying to kill a man, but they don’t know who he is or why they have to kill him. 49. I was asked by the director to do the set design for the annual school play, but I had to answer that, because of my schoolwork, I wouldn't be able to. A. I couldn’t think of another excuse when the director requested that I design the sets for the annual school play, so I told him that I couldn’t, as I had a lot of schoolwork. B. As soon as the director had requested that I do the annual school play’s set design, I tried to refuse him by making up an excuse and said that I had a lot of schoolwork. C. I had so much schoolwork to do that I knew I would have to refuse if the director of the school’s annual play asked me to do the set design for it.
-151. Clare told Colin not to worry about the dishes, as she was planning to do them when she arrived home. A. Though Colin was worried that he would have to do the dishes, Clare reassured him by saying that she would be doing them the moment she get home. B. Cohn was not especially worried about the dishes, as Clare had told him that she was going to do them as soon as she got home. C. Because Clare had the intention of washing the dishes upon coming home, she informed Colin that he should not bother himself with them. D. Clare arrived home and told Colin that he shouldn’t worry about washing the dishes because it was her turn to do them. 2. Unless we are granted a visa soon, it will be too late for us to go to Belgium. A. We will have to delay our trip to Belgium for a short time while we are waiting for a visa. B. If we don’t want to miss our chance to go to Belgium, we should apply for a visa soon. C. It is too late for us to go to Belgium, and anyway we still haven’t been given a visa for the country. D. We must be given a visa shortly; otherwise, our chance to go to Belgium will have been lost.
D. Owing to my schoolwork, I was forced to refuse the director’s request that I do the set design for the school’s yearly play.
3. The violence might have beers provoked by the fans of the visiting team.
50. By admitting that he had been alone on the night of the murder, Trevor caused the police officer to suspect him even more.
B. There may have been some violence caused by the visiting team’s fans.
A. The police officer was made to be still more suspicious of Trevor after he had acknowledged that, on the night the murder had occurred, no one had been with him.
D. The supporters of the visiting team were the people who began the violence.
B. When Trevor confessed that there had been no one with him on the night of the murder, the police officer became certain that he was the criminal. C. It was only because Trevor claimed to have been alone on the night of the murder that the police officer began to suspect him. D. Even if Trevor had not confessed to being alone on the night the murder was committed, the police officer would still have found him suspicious.
A. It could have been the visiting team’s supporters that set off the violence. C. The supporters of the visiting team were probably provoked into being violent. 4. If your electricity gets cut off, you can come and watch the Harry Potter film at my house. A. If you want to see the Harry Potter film, you had better come to my house, as your electricity is cut off. B. I would invite you to see the Harry Potter film at my house, but the electricity might be cut off. C. Unless you come to my house, you won’t be able to watch the Harry Potter film due to the power cut. D. You may visit my house to watch the Harry Potter film, should there be a power cut in yours. 5. The fact that Man hardly works at all is likely to get him fired soon. A. It must be Allan’s low level of work that he is being fired for. B. Allan works so little that they are thinking of firing him a short time from now. C. Allan may well lose his job before long as a result of his doing almost no work. D. It is known that Allan will lose his job soon, ás he hasn’t been doing any work. 6. It seemed to everyone that what Maria was trying to say was that she was no longer in love with Tyler. A. Everybody thought that her not being in love with Tyler anymore was the thing that Maria was
attempting to express with her words.
to persuade Chester to attend it together with me.
B. Maria’s attempt at saying that she and Tyler were no longer in love was what made everyone aware of how she actually felt.
C. As the company Christmas party will have drinks for free, I’m excited about going there, though Chester isn’t.
C. As Maria was not in love with Tyler any longer, she decided that she ought to tell everyone about this.
D. The free drinks are only one of the things that made me excited about going to the company’s Christmas party, but Chester isn’t excited at all.
D. Everyone had already guessed that Maria would attempt to tell them about her no longer being in love with Tyler, and she really did so.
11. You can withdraw money in many countries with ease if you have an ATM card.
7. The weather report on television has just announced that a severe snowstorm watch will be in effect until at least Monday.
A. Thanks to your ATM card, you were able to take cash out easily in a lot of countries.
A. By Monday, it seems that the television weather report will have observed the effects of the recent severe snowstorm. B. It was said on the television weather report a short while ago that, until at least Monday, there is the possibility of a severe snowstorm.
B. If you use your ATM card, getting money from the bank in any country is simple, C. If you had an ATM card, you wouldn’t have any difficulty getting money in so many countries. D. An ATM card enables you to take money out easily in a large number of countries. 12, It was possible that I would have to work on Saturday, so I didn't buy a ticket to the motorbike race.
C. Until Monday, according to a recent television weather report I’ve just watched, there was a severe snowstorm.
A. In case I didn’t have the day off on Saturday, I didn’t purchase a ticket to the motorcycle race.
D. A severe snowstorm will affect the area until at least Monday, although the weather report on television will be monitoring it.
C. If I didn’t have to work on Saturday, I would have got myself a ticket for the motorbike race.
8. As soon as Kelly told him about the death of her dog, Puyi, Michael began to cry like a baby.
13. You wouldn't have written such a goad essay without the help of your sister.
B. I didn’t purchase a ticket for Saturday’s motorbike race, because I had to work on that day. D. I was sure that I would need to work on Saturday, so I didn’t buy a ticket for the motorcycle race.
A. Michael started crying as a baby does immediately after Kelly informed him that her dog, Puyi, had died.
A. Although you had. your sister’s assistance, your essay turned out badly.
B. Michael heard about the death of Kelly’s dog, Puyi, from Kelly herself, who was crying like a baby when she told him.
C. If you had asked for your sister’s help, your essay would have been much better.
C. Puyi, Kelly’s dog, died, and soon afterwards, Kelly told Michael, who started to cry like a baby at the news.
B. Your essay turned out so well because your sister aided you. D. Your essay was only good because you had your sister do it for you.
D. Crying like a baby, Kelly told Michael about the fact that her dog, Puyi, had just died.
14. Celia regrets turning down the job offer In Portugal, now that she has been unemployed for several months.
9. I probably won't know until early next month whether or not the university's music program has accepted me.
A. Celia hasn’t been able to find a job yet, but she could agree to work in Portugal if she was offered the post.
A. It is most likely that the university will have accepted me into their music program before the beginning of next month.
B. Even though Celia had been without work for a long time, she refused to work in Portugal.
B. Not before the beginning of next month will I find out if I have been accepted into the university’s music program. C. The university’s music program has accepted me, but I probably won’t be officially informed of this fact until early next month. D. The music program at the university seems to have decided that I will not be accepted there until the beginning of next month. 10. Chester is not especially keen to go to the company's Christmas party, but I am, because there'll be free drinks. A. What Chester doesn’t like about going to the company Christmas party is the free drinks, but that’s exactly what I like about it B. Even though the company is providing free drinks at the Christmas party, Istill haven’t managed
C. If the job didn't involve working in Portugal, Celia would be willing to take it, because she needs to work. D. Celia wishes she had accepted the job offer in Portugal, because she hasn’t had a job for a couple of months now. 15. Unlike the managers, the workers don't continue to be given pay rises when the company is experiencing financial difficulties. A. It is only the workers, but not the managers, whose pay is kept at the same level when the company has financial problems. B. The managers won’t get a pay rise during this financial crisis in the firm, but all of the workers will. C. Pay rises cannot be given to the workers by the management when the firm is in a financial crisis.
D. The management doesn’t like to give the workers a pay rise when the company is having financial problems.
B. The exploration team’s leader was not strong enough to continue, despite Having only gone a quarter of a kilometer from base camp.
16. I consider Ted's habit of smiling shyly to be his most charming feature.
C. The person leading the exploration gave up because of weakness after going only 250 meters from base camp.
A. What is more charming for me about Ted than anything else is his shy smile. B. The most charming smile that I think I have ever seen is Ted’s. C. The way that Ted smiles at me shyly makes me like him even more.
D. Although the exploration team had gone just 250 meters, the leader had so little energy that he had to give up and return to base camp.
D. 1 think Ted is more charming than other people because of his shy smile.
22. In my whole life, nothing has fascinated me as much as woodcarving has been doing recently.
17. It is virtually impossible for beginning students of Turkish to comprehend certain words due to their length.
A. Woodcarving is such a fascinating activity that, for the first time in my life, I am actually enjoying doing something.
A. Many Turkish words are very long and cannot be pronounced easily by beginning students of the language.
B. I am glad that I have taken up woodcarving, since nothing before has attracted my interest so much.
B. Some Turkish words are so long that understanding them is barely possible for the beginning learner.
C. I have never been as interested in anything before as I am now in woodcarving.
C. If a beginning Turkish student doesn’t want to be discouraged, he or she should avoid learning long words at first. D. Words in Turkish are generally so long that beginning students of the language fail to understand them completely. 18. May failed her exam because she didn't study hard enough for it. A. Studying harder for her exam might have enabled May to do slightly better on it. B. Even if May had studied harder for her exam, she would not have been able to pass it.
D. I am really interested in woodcarving, and in fact I have rarely been as happy doing anything as I am doing it. 23. There is, in fact, less alcohol in beer than there is in wine, though the former's taste is more bitter. A. Beer tastes much more bitter than wine because of its lower alcohol content. B. Despite tasting less bitter, wine actually contains a higher amount of alcohol than beer does. C. Although beer is not as good-tasting as wine, it is just as full of alcohol.
C. It is not certain that May could have passed her exam even if she had studied more for it.
D. The more bitter taste of beer as compared with wine indicates that the former does not have as much alcohol as the latter.
D. Had May studied harder for her exam, she would have passed it.
24. The likelihood of suffering a heart attack rises as one becomes increasingly obese.
19. Of the people asked, virtually all of them thought the president's criticisms were unfair.
A. Anyone who is obese is likely to experience a heart attack at any time.
A. Nearly everyone who was questioned believed that the criticisms the president made were not fair.
B. Heart attacks are happening more and more often, and most of the sufferers are obese.
B. A great number of people were questioned about whether they considered the president’s criticisms to be unfair.
D. The more obese one is, the higher the chances for a heart attack become.
C. Not everybody was certain if the president’s criticisms had been unjust or not.
25. This book is probably the most boring one that I have ever read.
D. Not many people were asked, but those who were found the criticisms of the president unjust.
A. I would never have guessed that this book would be so terribly dull.
20. As we haven't enough money to go out this month, let's invite people to our home instead.
C. Obesity results in only a slight increase in the probability of having a heart attack.
B. Many other books that I have read have been as uninteresting as this one.
A. If it were not so expensive to go out, we would not have to have guests at our house this month.
C. It is very likely that every other book I have read in my life is more interesting than this one.
B. Since going out is so expensive these days, it’s a better idea to invite people over to one’s house.
D. A number of books are supposedly as boring as this one, but I have not read any of them.
C. Going out will be too expensive for us this month, so I suggest we have guests over instead.
26. The more a boxer fights, the higher the chance that he or she will get brain damage.
D. It is not worth going out this month, since it’s cheaper to invite people to our house instead.
A. There is a high chance that a boxer will become brain-damaged when he or she fights.
21. The head of the exploration team was too fatigued to continue, though Base camp was only 250 meters away. A. With just a quarter of a kilometer left until base camp, the exploration team’s leader did not have enough strength to go on.
B. Boxers have a higher chance of getting brain damage than other people, as they fight more. C. The boxers that fight too often are the only ones at risk of having their brains damaged. D. The risk of a boxer’s brain being damaged increases with the number of his or her fights. 27. Without the support of the editor, there is no way that John can get his poems published in
this magazine.
completely different.
A. John will be able to get his poems printed in this magazine, whether he has the editor’s support or not.
D. Although the way Japanese is written, and some of its words, are not different from Chinese, everything else about the language is.
B. Because the editor doesn’t support John, his poems certainly won’t be printed in this magazine.
32. I'm going to buy the least expensive mobile phone in the shop, because I'm trying to save as much money as I can.
C. It is impossible that John will have his poems printed in this magazine if he isn’t backed by the editor. D. There is no chance of John’s poems being published in this magazine, even if the editor is behind them. 28. Although W. Somerset Maugham was a popular writer, he thought of himself as a secondrate one. A. W. Somerset Maugham was as second-rate as he considered himself to be, and this is reflected in how popular he was. B. W. Somerset Maugham was such a popular writer that he considered himself to be the second best of his time. C. Because W. Somerset Maugham was only considered to be a second-rate writer, it is surprising that he was so popular. D. Despite W. Somerset Maugham not considering himself to be among the best writers, he was well-liked. 29. You should not eat so much chocolate. A. You eat quite a lot of chocolate, but don’t eat more than that. B. You eat too much chocolate, and this is not good for you. C. I would rather eat less chocolate than you. D. If I were you, I wouldn’t eat any chocolate at all. 30. At present, any spacecraft launched from Earth would be far too slow to reach another star system within one human lifetime. A. At the moment, no spacecraft which could be launched from Earth is anywhere near fast enough to reach another star system within the lifetime of a human.
A. I have saved all the money that I’ve been able to, but I can still only afford to buy the cheapest mobile phone in the shop. B. I’ll purchase a cheap mobile phone in the shop, as I’m attempting to spend as little money as possible. C. In the shop, I’m going to buy the mobile phone with the lowest price because the more money I can save, the better. D. I’m attempting to save enough money to be able to purchase the mobile phone in the shop that isn’t as expensive as the others. 33. It could have been Julia that I saw going into the music shop on High Street, but she was quite far away. A. Had the person going into High Street’s music shop not been at such a distance from me, I would have been able to see whether it was Julia. B. Although she was some distance from me, it is possible that the person I saw going into the music shop on High street was Julia. C. The person I saw going into the music shop on High Street was too far away for me to see clearly, but I’m sure it was Julia. D. Even though she was a little far from me, I was able to see Julia step into the music shop on High Street. 34. It is probably impossible for me to complete this essay by the deadline. A. I doubt that I will be able to finish writing this essay in time. B. Unless the deadline changes, I’ll manage to complete this essay on time. C. I’m sure that I won’t be able to finish writing the essay on time.
B. All of the spacecraft that can be launched from Earth at present are so slow that it would take the lifetime of one human for them to arrive at another star system.
D. I want to finish writing this essay, even if it’s going to be late.
C. Other star systems are at such a great distance from Earth that it will always remain impossible for any spacecraft launched from our planet to reach one in the lifetime of a human.
A. The books John Dos Passos wrote later in life are generally viewed as greater than his earliest one.
D. It is impossible that within our lifetime any spacecraft will be made fast enough to be able to reach another star system.
B. The first books that John Dos Passos wrote are usually seen as better than those he wrote later on.
31. Japanese is not at all similar to Chinese, except in its writing system and a few pieces of vocabulary. A. Chinese has a system of writing and a number of words that are distinct from anything found in Japanese. B. Japanese is different from Chinese in that it has a different writing system and a smaller vocabulary. C. Japanese took its writing system and words from Chinese, but apart from that the language is
35. The later works of John Dos Passes aren't generally as respected as his earlier ones.
C. John Dos Passos’ earlier works, in general, haven’t been given as much respect as his later ones. D. The earliest works by John Dos Passos are certainly far greater than the ones he produced later on. 36. During the winter, this area becomes so cold that we can use the balcony as a refrigerator. A. There is no need for us to have a refrigerator around here, as the cold weather makes the balcony just as good. B. The balcony is so cold that it is like a refrigerator during the extreme winter weather here.
C. We get such low temperatures in this area in the winter that we stop using the fridge and use the balcony instead. D. We find the balcony to be as effective as a fridge in the extreme cold we get around here in winter. 37. There are more Spanish speakers in California than there are people in Nicaragua. A. The population of Nicaragua is smaller than the Spanish-speaking population of California. B. Fewer people speak Spanish in California than in the country of Nicaragua. C. Spanish is spoken natively in Nicaragua, though it has more speakers in California. D. A higher percentage of Californians than Nicaraguans are able to speak Spanish. 38. The story which Hank had told about his catching a gigantic fish turned out to be entirely false. A. Hank’s story about how he had caught a huge fish was heard several times before it was realized that it was wholly untrue. B. A tale was told about how Hank had caught a very large fish, but not many people actually thought that it was true. C. In the end, Hank’s tale of how he had caught an enormous fish was discovered to be completely untrue. D. Hank turned up to explain that the story about his catching a huge fish was, in fact, completely false. 39. Most of the charity members have agreed that this concert should be just the first of their activities in support of the homeless. A. Many of the charity members thought that they could do better things than holding a concert to support the homeless. B. The idea that other events must follow this concert held to support the homeless is shared by the majority of the charity members. C. There is total agreement among the charity members that this concert should not be the only thing they do for the homeless. D. According to many members of the charity, after the first concert, they should have continued to support the homeless. 40. If you require any assistance, Selin is the best person to help you out with the difficulty. A. You can ask anyone but Selin for assistance if you should have such a difficulty. B. If Selin cannot solve your problem, it is unlikely that anyone else can give you the required assistance. C. If nobody else can help you to deal with the problem, you can try asking Selin. D. Should you need any help dealing with the problem, no one can help you better than Selin. 41. I haven't got enough money to buy even the least expensive item on the menu. A. The cheapest thing on the menu is nonetheless too expensive for me to afford. B. I think that even the least expensive thing on the menu costs more money than it ought to. C. Though there are a few low-priced items on the menu, they still cost too much money for me.
D. I won’t buy the cheapest thing on the menu, since it may end up being a waste of my money. 42. Until Mohandas K. Gandhi took over control of the Indian National Congress, the idea of an independent India had been little more than a dream. A. Mohandas K. Gandhi took over the leadership of the Indian National Congress, which dreamed of an India which was independent. B. It was the leader Mohandas K. Gandhi who first gave the idea of an independent India to the Indian National Congress. C. Indian independence only became a realistic goal once Mohandas K Gandhi had started to lead the Indian National Congress. D. Before Mohandas K. Gandhi, the Indian National Congress hadn’t been interested in the goal of achieving independence for India. 43. News producers don't always demonstrate what they are capable of unless they are under the stressful conditions of a live broadcast. A. Because of the pressure it involves, a live broadcast may be the best environment for news producers to show off their skills. B. Some news producers are unable to demonstrate their abilities to the fullest when they feel pressured during live broadcasts. C. News producers don’t always do their best work during a live broadcast, as they lack the skills to do their job. D. In a live broadcast, news producers who otherwise appear quite capable may prove to be ineffective. 44. Alan didn't like the bag that he saw in the market because it wasn't big enough to hold his computer equipment. A. Alan needed a big bag to hold his computer equipment, but he didn’t like the one that he looked at in the market. B. Alan looked for a large bag in the market in which he could put his computer equipment, but he couldn’t find any. C. The bag which Alan saw in the market was so small that it wouldn’t have been able to hold any of his computer equipment. D. The reason why the bag Alan looked at in the market didn’t appeal to him was that it was too small for his computer equipment to fit in. 45. Patricia realized with regret that, without the divorce, today she would have been married to Jeff for fifteen years. A. Patricia was terribly sad about the fact that she was getting divorced on her fifteenth wedding anniversary. B. Patricia sadly remembered she’d have been married to Jeff for fifteen years on this day if they hadn’t divorced. C. Patricia and Jeff got divorced fifteen years ago, and today, on their anniversary, she regrets this decision of theirs. D. It’s Patricia and Jeffs anniversary today, but Jeff is upset with Patricia, which has made her quite sad.
46. Emilia, whom Naomi just beat in the last race, is training for the city marathon this weekend. A. Emilia, who is preparing for the city marathon this weekend, was barely defeated by Naomi in the previous race. B. Naomi was just beaten in the last race by Emilia, who is practising for the marathon in the city this weekend. C. Emilia is getting ready for the marathon in the city this weekend as she wants to do better than Naomi. D. As she was badly beaten by Naomi in the last race, Emilia is training hard for the city marathon this weekend. 47. In the canteen, I saw our new professor, one of whose qualifications for the job is that she has written three books on quantum physics. A. In the canteen, I met our new professor of quantum physics, on which subject she has authored three books, although she is also qualified in a great many other areas. B. Our new professor, whom I spotted in the canteen, has been employed here just because of the three books which she has written on quantum physics C. One of the reasons that our new professor, whom I spotted in the canteen, is working here is the three books on quantum physics which she has authored. D. It was only after she had authored three books on quantum physics that our new professor, who I noticed in the canteen, was able to get a job here. 48. Most of the songs of The Beatles were written by John Lennon or Paul McCartney, rather than by Ringo Starr or George Harrison. A. Neither Ringo Starr nor George Harrison created the majority of The Beatles’ songs; John Lennon and Paul McCartney did. B. It was the songs written by John Lennon and Paul McCartney, rather than Ringo Starr and George Harrison, that The Beatles mostly played. C. Only some of the songs by The Beatles were written by John Lennon and Paul McCartney, while the rest were written by Ringo Starr and George Harrison. D. Ringo Starr and George Harrison would have liked to write as many songs for The Beatles as John Lennon and Paul McCartney did. 49. Margot had been planning to join the circus until she discovered that the pay was much too low. A. Even after discovering that circus performers earned very little money, Margot made a plan to join one. B. Because the money Margot earned working at the circus was too little, she planned to stop working there. C. Margot wasn’t sure whether or not she should continue working at the circus unless she earned more money. D. As the money which circus performers earned was far too little, Margot changed her mind about joining it. 50. Heather and Graham have such a small living room that they'll have trouble getting all of
this furniture into it. A. It would be difficult for Heather and Graham to keep all of this furniture if their living room was a little smaller. B. Heather and Graham’s living room is too tiny for them to put all of this furniture in it with ease. C. Heather and Graham’s living room is much too small to hold any of this furniture. D. This furniture won’t take up so much space in Heather and Graham’s living room.
B. We knew the flight to New Delhi would take a long time, but not this long, C. We didn’t think the flight to New Delhi would be over so soon.
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D. We had expected the flight to New Delhi to be much shorter.
1. We must have been decorating in the baby's room; otherwise, we would have seen the evening news.
6. The designer of these tennis shoes is the sister of my closest friend Elaine.
A. I’m pretty sure that we were decorating in the baby’s room, and therefore missed the evening news.
B. A close friend of mine is Elaine, whose sister designed these tennis shoes C. Elaine, the designer of these tennis shoes, is my best friend’s sister.
B. We were in the baby’s room decorating when the news came on, so we didn’t watch it.
D. My best friend Elaine’s sister designed these tennis shoes.
C. We couldn’t watch the evening news because we were decorating in the baby’s room.
7. Paul was knocked down by a cyclist rushing to work the moment that he walked into the road.
D. Although we were decorating in the baby’s room, we still could have watched the news if the TV had been on. 2. Eric had promised to dean the car, but then he ran into an old friend, and so he couldn’t get the job done. A. Eric was about to start washing the car when he was invited over by an old friend of his, so he didn’t have the time to fulfil his promise.
A. My best friend Elaine’s sister is designing tennis shoes for a company.
A. Paul, who was hurrying to get to his workplace, stepped into the road and then was run over by a cyclist. B. As soon as Paul stepped in the road, a cyclist, who was speeding to his job, ran into him and struck him to the ground.
B. Because Eric unexpectedly met an old friend, he decided to clean the car another time.
C. Once Paul had put his foot into the road on his way to work, he was struck down by a speeding cyclist.
C. Suddenly, Eric had to see an old friend; thus, he couldn't carry out his promise of wiping the dirt off the car.
D. The moment that Paul moved into the road, he knocked over a cyclist who was in a hurry to get to his job.
D. Eric met an old friend by chance, so he was unable to keep his promise, which was to wash the car.
8. Everyone has something from their past that they would rather keep to themselves.
3. Jane had found it difficult to concentrate on her homework until the battery in her MP3 player ran out.
B. Everyone has done something wrong in their life that they wish they hadn’t done, C. Some people are not keen on revealing anything about their past.
A. When her MP3 player stopped working due to a lack of battery power, Jane was at last able to focus on her homework.
D. All people have something from their past that they prefer not to share with others.
B. Jane’s MP3 had been stopping her from doing her homework properly, so she disconnected its battery. C. Before Jane ran out and got a battery for her MP3 player, she wasn’t able to focus on her homework as much as she should have. D. Jane waited until the battery in her MP3 player stopped providing power before she really started focusing on her homework. 4. Even though Manuel was brought up by his mother on her own, he takes after his father more.
A. Everyone has something from their past that they want to forget about.
9. In 1998, the capital of Kazakhstan was moved to Astana, where an important railway junction can be found. A. When, in 1998, the Kazakhs discovered that one of their most important railway junctions was at Astana, they made it their new capital. B. The capital of Kazakhstan would not have been at Astana since 1998 if there hadn’t been a vital meeting place of railway lines there. C. Astana, which is on a significant meeting place of different railway lines, has been the location of the capital of Kazakhstan since 1998.
A. Despite the fact that Manuel was cared for only by his mother, he respects his father more.
D. In 1998, when the capital of Kazakhstan was moved to Astana, an essential junction for the railways was constructed there.
B. Manuel was raised by just his mother, but he resembles his father more than he does her.
10. By the time Lester gets here, we will have left for our vacation in Bristol.
C. Manuel likes his father more than his mother in spite of the fact that only she looked after him as a child.
A. We are going to set off for our holiday in Bristol as soon as Lester comes round.
D. The appearance of Manuel is more similar to his father than his mother, who lives by herself. 5. The flight to New Delhi didn't take nearly as long as we'd expected. A. The flight to New Delhi shouldn’t have taken so long.
B. We are going to set off for our holiday in Bristol before Lester turns up here. C. If Lester doesn’t arrive soon, we’ll have to leave for our vacation in Bristol without seeing him. D. Our holiday in Bristol will have finished before Lester comes here for a visit. 11. It is much easier to walk home from here than get on a crowded minibus.
A. It is a lot more difficult to squeeze into a full minibus than to go home from here on foot.
D. A proposal has been made to lessen overcrowding on public transport by buying more buses.
B. People generally walk home from here rather than use the minibuses, because they are always full.
17. Since I have no preference, either cinema suits me for seeing the film tonight.
C. While it’s not easy to get on a crowded minibus, it’s better than going home on foot.
A. It doesn’t matter to me which of the two cinemas we see the film in tonight.
D. If the minibus is full, I will probably just choose to walk home from here.
B. We can go to whichever cinema you like, as long as we watch the film tonight. C. Because you have no preference, I’ll choose the film we’re going to watch tonight.
12. Until I saw her for myself, I didn't think that Naomi had been badly wounded.
D. It’s your choice which cinema we see a film in tonight, since I’ve chosen which film we’ll see.
A. Naomi hadn’t been hurt very badly, and I became aware of that at the time that I saw her.
18. Gerald had such a strong sense of independence that he attempted to do everything for himself before seeking assistance.
B. Before I had seen Naomi’s wounds, I had supposed that they were extremely bad. C. As soon as I saw Naomi, I knew that her injuries were very serious. D. It was only when I saw Naomi that I realized how seriously she had been injured. 13. Despite having few passengers, the coach to Dover will still leave according to schedule. A. The coach that goes to Dover only carries a small number of passengers.
A. Before attempting to do things for himself, Gerald called for help, even if he didn’t think he would need it. B. Gerald gained mental strength from being an independent person, so he only sought assistance when he actually needed it.
B. There are quite a few people travelling 011 the bus to Dover, so it will be departing soon.
C. Without having tried it on his own first, Gerald never asked for help with anything, as he was so independent.
C. The coach to Dover is going to depart as planned, even though there aren’t many people on it.
D. After attempting to seek assistance, Gerald independently went on to do everything without help.
D. If the bus for Dover leaves right now, there won’t be a lot of people travelling on it.
19. Manny had a stuffed animal that he couldn't sleep without when he was young, but he doesn't have it any longer.
14. There were over two hundred people at Carl's trial, most of whom believed that he was not guilty of the crime.
A. When Manny was a child, a stuffed animal used to make him feel safe enough to fall asleep.
A. The majority of the more than 200 people at Carl’s trial didn’t think that he had committed the crime.
B. When Manny was a boy, he had a stuffed animal that he kept with him until he fell asleep, but now he doesn’t have one.
B. When it was announced that Carl had been found not guilty of the crime, there were over 200 people in the audience at his trial, C. Over 200 people coming to Carl’s trial must have influenced the fact that he was not found guilty of the crime.
C. As a small child, Manny couldn’t fall asleep without taking a stuffed animal to bed with him, hut he no longer needs it.
D. Carl had not committed the crime, and so more than 200 people came to his trial to show their support. 15. It couldn't have been Mary that you heard shouting last night, as she is vacationing in Vermont at the moment.
D. Though he doesn’t have it any more, Manny used to have a stuffed animal that he needed with him to sleep as a small child. 20. As a result of the unusually good weather, we had plenty of sunshine on our holiday. A. Because the weather was not as bad as we expected, we were able to have our holiday when we usually do.
A. I think Mary is on holiday in Vermont now, so you may be wrong in thinking that you heard her yelling last night.
B. We were all happy that there was plenty of sunshine on our holiday due to the unseasonably good weather.
B. Right now, Mary is having a holiday in Vermont, so it is impossible that it was she whose shouting you heard last night.
C. We' had quite a lot of sunshine while we were on holiday because the weather was much better than it normally is.
C. Are you sure it was Mary who shouted to you last night, because, as far as I know, she is on vacation in Vermont at the moment?
D. Fortunately, the weather was favourable throughout our stay so we got just enough sunshine to enjoy our vacation.
D. If it was Mary that you heard yelling last night, then she can’t be taking a vacation in Vermont at the moment.
21. Very few elected officials actually represent everyone in their district, even if a large number of people vote for them.
16. Without adding some more buses, overcrowding on public transport will persist.
A. The number of people who vote in each election is important so as to elect officials representative of most of the citizens.
A. There’s overcrowding on public transport because there are not enough buses. B. Overcrowding on public transport could only be lessened by increasing the number of buses.
B. A lot of the people who run for public office each year don’t receive enough votes to represent the population.
C. In order to reduce the amount of overcrowding on public transport, more buses will be added.
C. If enough of the population had voted for them, the officials would have represented most of
them. D. Even when many people vote for them, most officials still aren't representative of all citizens in their regions. 22. Her brother refuses to allow her to come out with him more than once a fortnight. A. Her brother can only join her trips around town once every two weeks. B. It’s only once every two weeks that her brother lets her join him when he goes out. C. Her brother doesn’t like the idea of her going out more often than once a fortnight. D. She’s been begging her brother for permission to go out with him for two weeks now. 23. Since indigenous measles was eliminated in the Americas in 2002, the spread of this virus is no longer a threat there. A. Unlike the virus that infected a large portion of the Americas in 2002, indigenous measles no longer affects the area. B. With the elimination of indigenous measles in the Americas in 2002, there are no longer any viruses that pose a threat there. C. The spread of indigenous measles has not been a threat in the Americas since 2002, when the disease was eradicated there. D. The spread of the indigenous measles virus in the Americas posed a serious danger there until 2002. 24. It's possible that your computer crashed because of the excessive number of songs you saved on it. A. The crash of your computer might have been caused by the fact that you saved too many songs on it. B. It turned out that your computer crashed after you saved all those songs on it. C. Your computer wouldn’t have crashed if you hadn’t saved so many songs on it. D. You should have known that saving so many songs on your computer would cause it to crash. 25. If only Bruce and Suzy had told me that they hadn't made reservations for their vacation yet. A. Bruce and Suzy should have told me that they didn’t want to make reservations for their trip. B. The only thing Bruce and Suzy told me was that they hadn’t made reservations anywhere yet. C. Bruce and Suzy wouldn’t have had a holiday if they hadn’t told me that they hadn’t booked their trip.
D. It was only when she realized that sewing the dress would take just half an hour that she decided to get on with doing it. 27. Before the invention of the radio, it would take a long time for news sent from India to reach someone in America. A. Communication between the USA and India has always been difficult, but not any more, because of the radio. B. In the days before radio was available, there was no way to get news from India to America quickly. C. It used to take ages for a person in the USA to receive information from India, but the invention of the radio has changed this. D. When the radio was invented, it became very easy for Americans to get news from their relatives living in India. 28. There were some other factors, but the main reason Ted sold his house was to make a lot of money. A. Ted claims to have sold his house for the money, but I think there were some more important reasons as well. B. Essentially Ted sold his house because he desired to earn a high profit, though there were additional reasons. C. The principal reason Ted doesn’t want to stay in his house is because he needs to make money quickly. D. Owing to the fact that he didn’t really want to stay in his home any more and a few other reasons, Ted sold his house for lots of money. 29. The estimated increase in population in the city will mean that there won't be enough housing for everyone. A. The housing shortage the city is suffering is the result of the recent rise in population. B. The city needs to set aside some housing in case a large number of people move into it in the near future. C. Since we’ve had enough housing in the city so far, we won’t be short of accommodation in the future. D. The city will be short of housing for all the people living there due to the anticipated rise in the number of its inhabitants.
D. I wish I had been informed by Bruce and Suzy that they still needed to book their holiday.
30. However much effort the gymnast put into her training, she could never be satisfied with herself.
26. When she finally decided not to delay sewing it any longer, the dress only took her half an hour to complete.
A. The gymnast was never pleased with her own abilities, even though she worked extremely hard at developing them.
A. When she began sewing her dress, which she had been putting off, it took merely half an hour to finish it.
B. The gymnast was not happy with the difficult way in which she had to push herself to practise harder.
B. Even though she knew the dress wouldn’t take more than thirty minutes to sew, she put off doing it for ages.
C. In her head, the gymnast was constantly scolding herself for her lack of ability and for being the laziest gymnast ever.
C. She has been delaying sewing her dress because she hasn’t had even half an hour of free time.
D.The gymnast was physically weak, so she decided to spend little time on trying to improve her
skills any further.
previous one.
31. If you're really in need of relaxation, nothing is better than a lengthy massage.
C. If the director’s new film were as good as the last one that he made, more people would have gone to see it.
A. You’d like something like a relaxing massage to relieve all that stress, wouldn’t you? B. You’d better have a lengthy massage soon if you don’t want to become all knotted up with stress. C. I’ll book you an intensive massage at the spa if you’re feeling so tense. D. A very long massage is the best thing for a severely stressed body and mind.
D. Most of the director’s earlier films were quite good, so many people were surprised at how bad his new one was. 37. You’ll have no hope of growing crops here unless you find a way to irrigate this land.
32. If you can't do any better than that, I think you should just stop trying.
A. Because there is no way you can irrigate this land, you had better give up trying to grow crops on it.
A. Though I think you’re better off just giving up, I still think you can do better than this.
B. Even if you find a method of watering this land, there is no hope that any crops will grow on it.
B. If that’s the best that you can do, you ought to simply give up, in my opinion, C. Unless you manage to greatly improve, you’ll have to stop attempting this and find something else to do.
C. You’ll have to try growing crops elsewhere if you prove unable to irrigate this land here. D. Without discovering how to water this land, there is no chance that you can grow crops here.
D. I feel that you’ve chosen the wrong project, since you don’t appear to be getting any better at it.
38. The thief appears to be perfectly open about his work, which has taken him around the world.
33. Those running the conference check that ail the guest speakers have arrived before they are due to give their lecture.
A. The thief, who operates all over the world, does not seem to conceal anything about what he does.
A. Some people run about looking for the guest speakers at a conference just before they are due to give their speeches. B. Prior to the start of the conference, the people responsible for it check which guest speakers are due to lecture. C. Those conference participants attending the lectures must check with those in charge to find out when the guest speakers are due at the lectures. D. Before their scheduled lecture time, the people in charge of the conference confirm that no guest speaker is absent. 34. Desperate Housewives is the last program on television I would want to watch. A. Desperate Housewives will be the last program we watch on TV tonight. B. There is no show on television like Desperate Housewives. C. I would rather watch any other television program than Desperate Housewives. D. No one can persuade me to watch Desperate Housewives when it’s on. 35. Sylvia wishes she could have seen Teotihuacán when she was on holiday in Mexico. A. Sylvia could have gone to see Teotihuaeán when she was vacationing in Mexico, but she didn’t want to.
B. Although he tries hard to look honest, we know that he is a global thief. C. Because he steals from all around the world, the thief is not completely honest when he speaks to anyone. D. The thief seems to want to keep his career private, as he is wanted all over the world. 39. The Ministry of Culture has decided that the national library must be open to the public every day except Sunday, A. On Sunday, only some of the public will be able to access the national library, according to a recent decision by the Ministry of Culture. B. Public access to the national library on every day of the week, as well as Sunday, has been forbidden by the Ministry of Culture. C. According to the Ministry of Culture, apart from Sunday, the public should be able to enter the national library each day of the week. D. The Ministry of Culture would like the national library to be open six days of the week, but not on Sunday. 40. If the cow hadn't kicked over the lantern in the barn, the fire wouldn't have begun.
B. Sylvia regrets not having been able to see Teotihuacán during her Mexican vacation.
A. The barn was affected by the fire the most because another fire caused by the cow’s knocking over the lantern started there.
C. During her stay in Mexico, Sylvia didn’t know that Teotihuacán was such a beautiful place and that she should visit it.
B. The cow knocked over the barn’s lantern with its loot; otherwise, the blaze would not have started.
D. Sylvia is happy that she was able to see Teotihuacán when she was in Mexico on holiday.
C. Frightened of the fire, the cow kicked over the lantern in the barn, which only made the fire worse.
36. Only a few people who saw the director's new film felt that it was as good as his last one had been.
D. The blaze may have started when the cow used its foot to knock over the lantern in the barn.
A. The director’s new movie is worse than his previous one, according to most of the people who watched it.
41. No matter how much money Mr. Marner had in the bank, he was unwilling to spend any of it.
B. Many of those who saw the director’s new film wondered why it was so much worse than his
A. There was so much money in Mr. Marner’s bank account that he had no idea what he should buy
with it. B. It was impossible for Mr. Marner to spend all of the money he had in the bank, since he had so much of it. C. Mr. Marner did not want to spend any of the money that he kept in the bank, though he had a lot there. D. Mr. Marner did not keep a lot of money in the bank because he preferred to just spend most of it instead. 42. In order to take his mind off of the increasing job stress he was feeling, Ronald joined the local gym.
C. Having plenty of time through the holidays, Dr. Shyler marked his students’ exams first and then spent time on more enjoyable activities. D. During the holiday break, Dr. Shyler took time to grade his students’ exams, as he was in a hurry to finish marking them. 46. Three sailors on board the ship died after it had sunk, and the others were left stranded in the water. A. Many of the crew who escaped the sinking ship ended up separated in the water, but only three of them died. B. After the ship had sunk, three people in the crew died in the water, but the rest were saved.
A. Ronald started a membership at a nearby gym to give himself something to pull his attention away from the growing pressure he was under at work.
C. Except for the three seamen who had died, all of the crew were stuck in the water following the ship’s sinking.
B. Joining a gym was the best way for Ronald to get rid of the stress he was feeling because of his job.
D. Though three sailors got trapped in the sinking ship and died, the rest managed to escape from it into the water.
C. Ronald, who was planning to join the local gym, could not find the time because of the increasing amount of work in his workplace.
47, The basketball team was at a loss about how to play in the second quarter of the game, so they started to argue with each other.
D. Ronald was feeling far too much stress from the increased amount of work he’d been given, so he decided to join the nearby gym for a distraction.
A. The disagreement within the basketball team came about because they were not sure which strategy to use in the second quarter of the game.
43, The writer wasn't in the habit of backing up her fifes, so when her computer went down, she fast all of her work.
B. Due to their poor position in the second quarter of the game, the members of the basketball team began to quarrel with each other.
A. Unfortunately, the writer forgot to save her work before shutting down the computer, because she was not in the habit of doing it.
C. The basketball team were worried that they would perform worse in the game’s second quarter, and this led to an argument among the players.
B. When the writer’s computer stopped functioning, all of her work disappeared because she didn’t regularly make copies of her files.
D. The argument among the basketball players was over how to overcome their losing position during the second quarter of the game.
C. The writer wished that she had backed up her files, because she lost all of her work when her computer stopped working.
48. Non-native speakers of English usually have difficulty differentiating between British and Australian accents.
D. After completing her work, the writer was unable to make back-up files of it due to a functioning problem with her computer.
A. Whenever non-native English speakers hear a British person speaking, they automatically assume that that person was born in Australia.
44. Lucia was sure that something strange had happened to her in her dream, but she couldn't remember what it was.
B. Learning to tell the difference between British and Australian English accents is quite difficult for other native speakers who were not born in either country.
A. Lucia had happened on a strange event in her dream, yet she tried to forget all about it. B. When Lucia began to recall her dream, she realized that it had been an unusual one.
C. If non-native English speakers hear a British accent and an Australian one, they generally have a hard time telling the difference between them.
C. Lucia thought that, in her dream, an odd event had occurred, but she was unable to remember whether it happened to her or someone else.
D. The accents of native British and Australian people sound so different to them that they find it hard to believe that non-native speakers of English can’t differentiate between them.
D. Lucia was unable to picture what had befallen her in her dream, but she was convinced that it had been something odd.
49. While I sympathize with your problem, there is nothing I can do to help.
45, Dr. Shyler was at his leisure to mark his students' exams, so he read and marked them throughout the holiday break.
A. Since I have no idea about your problem, I cannot be of any assistance. B. I would like to help you sort out this problem, but I won’t. C. Perhaps I can help you if you tell me more about your problem.
A. Over the entire vacation, Dr. Shyler slowly read and graded his students’ exams because there was no rush for him to mark them.
D. I can’t do anything for you, though I understand what you are going through.
B. Dr. Shyler decided to mark his students’ exams over the holiday, as he didn’t want to rush doing them.
50. In 1908, the Irish explorer Ernest Shack'eton was on the point of reaching the South Pole when lie decided to turn back.
A. Ernest Shackleton, who was an Irish explorer, came close to the South Pole in 1908, but then he made up his mind to go back.
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B. The Irish explorer Ernest Shackleton couldn’t see the point of reaching the South Pole in 1908, so he chose to go back.
1. It is possible that our boss' Indecision lost us the contract to rebuild the school.
C. In 1908, Ernest Shackleton, who was an explorer from Ireland, reached the South Pole just when he was deciding to return. D. At the point when the Irish explorer Ernest Shackleton thought about turning around, he was on his way to the South Pole.
A. Perhaps the boss was unable to decide whether to take the contract to rebuild the school or not. B. Our boss’ hesitation in deciding may have caused us not to be awarded the school rebuilding contract. C. The manager was so indecisive that, not surprisingly, we were not given the contract to renovate the school. D. If our boss hadn’t been indecisive, we would certainly have been granted the school rebuilding contract. 2. The sculptor Lorenzo Ghiberti set up his workshop in his hometown of Florence, which was a republic at the time. A. There has been a republic in Florence since the time of the sculptor Lorenzo Ghiberti, who built his workshop there. B. The sculptor Lorenzo Ghiberti didn’t found a workshop in Florence, which was His place of birth, until it had become a republic. C. Florence, then a republic, was the place where the sculptor Lorenzo Ghiberti was born and founded his workshop. D. The sculptor Lorenzo Ghiberti made Florence, which was then a republic, his home, and created a workshop there. 3. Buying new clothes is something that I almost never make the effort to do. A. It’s such a bother to buy new clothes that I never do it. B. I hardly ever bother purchasing new clothes. C. Not having bought any new clothes doesn’t bother me. D. Almost all my clothes are old since I never buy any new ones. 4. We are currently out of stock of these blouses in your size. A. We’ve just run out of these blouses in the size you’ve asked for. B. I’m afraid these blouses don’t come in your size. C. I’ll just check our stock to see if we have these blouses in your size. D. At the moment, we don’t have these blouses in the size required for you. 5. There is nobody in this office that will offer a different opinion to the one I gave you. A. Whoever you ask in this office will say the same as I did. B. Nobody but me in this office has offered you a different opinion. C. Of all the people in this office, only I was able to give you an opinion. D. None of the other people in this office will offer you an opinion as I did. 6. Laura has ruled out any meeting with Roger in the near future. A. Laura has decided never to meet Roger again. B. Laura says that coming together with Roger is presently out of the question,
C. A future meeting between Laura and Roger doesn’t seem very likely. D. In all probability, Laura will never get together with Roger again. 7. Monica is done With finding the solutions to the problems that affect her husband. A. Monica doesn’t intend to solve her husband’s problems for him any more. B. In the end, Monica found a way to sort out the troubles that her husband had. C. Monica’s husband doesn’t want her to get involved in his troubles from now on. D. Monica has always worked out solutions to get rid of her husband’s problems. 8. Francis ought to have made more effort to locate his brother. A. It is necessary for Francis to try harder if he wants to locate his brother. B. Francis must have worked hard in order to locate his brother, C. Francis didn’t try as hard as he should have to find his brother.
B. It was very thrilling for Mary to be able to buy her first CD player after so many years of high prices for electronic items. C. Mary, who had just purchased a new CD player at a low price, was so thrilled that she got a few other electronic items as well. D. Mary purchased a new CD player due to the fact that the drop in electronic goods’ prices excited her very much. 13. I've got no idea what the directions to this assignment mean; have you? A. You seem certain about the meaning of the assignment’s directions, but I can’t figure them out at all. B. You don’t have any idea what the directions to this assignment actually mean, do you? C. I wonder if you can figure out this assignment’s instructions, because I certainly can’t.
D. Francis has to make the effort himself if he wishes to find his brother.
D. I don’t think that this assignment’s instructions are very clear; do you?
9. Jorge can't understand why he doesn't have to wear a tie to work.
14. I haven't seen either James or his sister for a very long time now.
A. Jorge is unable to decide whether or not it’s necessary for him to wear a tie at work.
A. It has been an awful long time since I saw either James or his sister.
B. Jorge doesn’t seem to know that he needn’t wear a tie at his place of employment, C. It seems as though Jorge can’t decide whether he should wear a tie on the job or not.
B. I know I’ve met James, but I don’t think I’ve met his sister before, C. Neither James nor his sister has been seen by anyone for ages.
D. The reason why ties are optional at Jorge’s workplace is something he is unable to understand.
D. I’ve met both James and his sister before, but it was a long time ago.
10. When the temples of the ancient Aegean were set up, they were covered in paint, but it has since worn off.
15. Carol would rather have milk in her coffee than drink it black. A. Carol never takes her coffee black if milk is available.
A. The ancient Aegean people protected their temples by painting them, but the paint has now vanished.
B. Carol would have preferred to drink her coffee with milk than without, C. Only when no milk is around will Ợarol drink her coffee black.
B. The temples in the Aegean region were painted all over when they were put up, but people have wiped off the paint since then.
D. Carol doesn’t want her coffee black, but with milk.
C. The paint which was put all over the old Aegean temples when they were built slowly disappeared over time. D. The temples of the ancient Aegean, which were painted when they were built, have fallen into ruin. 11. Marie's flat was broken into while she was looking after her sister's daughter in her sister's house on the other side of the City. A. At the time that Marie was taking care of her sister’s daughter in her sister’s house, her own flat was destroyed on the city’s other side. B. Marie was in her sister’s house keeping an eye on her niece when her flat on the opposite side of the city was burgled. C. Marie had wanted to see her niece, so she was at her house at the other end of the city; however, while she was there, her own flat was robbed. D. Some thieves tried to enter Marie’s flat on one side of the city while she was babysitting in her sister’s house on the other side. 12. Mary was so thrilled with the recent decrease in the cost of electronic items that she bought a new CD player. A. Soon after Mary had excitedly bought herself a new CD player, the price of electronic items fell.
16. As we were heading out of the door of the cafe, we bumped into our plumber, who we still owed money to. A. Our plumber, whom we hadn’t paid back yet, was the person who we encountered by chance at the moment we were exiting the cafe. B. When we met our plumber in the cafe as we were about to leave, we realized that we hadn’t yet paid him all the money we owed him. C. Our plumber, when we ran into him as he was entering the cafe that we were leaving, didn’t bring up our debt to him. D. Not wanting to see the plumber to whom we still owed a debt, we quickly headed out the door of the cafe when we saw him coming in. 17. By the time the course had finished, most of the students had understood the material. A. The course didn’t finish until most of the students had understood the material very well. B. Most of the students had started to understand the material long before the course ended. C. Only a few of the students couldn’t understand the material when the course had come to an end. D. During the course, most of the material was clearly understood by the students. 18. Just as he was opening the window, he heard a ioud crash behind him.
A. As soon as he had opened the window, there was a loud crash. B. He was opening the window; at that exact moment, he heard a loud crash behind his back. C. After he had heard the loud crash, he rushed to open the window. D. The loud crash caused the window’s glass to break as he was trying to open it. 19. The rain had already started when I left the house. A. As soon as I left home it began to rain. B. Just as I was leaving the house it began to rain heavily, C. It didn’t start to rain heavily until I left the house. D. It was raining even before I left the house.
24. The romance-loving waitress wished she could have been a character in a Jane Austen novel. A. Unable to find romance in her real life, the waitress dreamed of being a character in a Jane Austen novel. B. The waitress who loved love stories dreamed of appearing in a novel by Jane Austen. C. The romance of working in a restaurant in Jane Austen’s day was what the waitress desired. D. The waitress was dreaming of a character from a Jane Austen novel while she was working. 25. I'm sure you meant to pay me back my money, and it probably just slipped your mind. A. I know I made a mistake when I loaned you money thinking that you would repay me. B. It seems to me that it was never really your intention to pay me back, was it?
20. At last, an agreement has been reached by the committee members on the proposal to build a new dam.
C. You said that you would pay me back, but I don’t know whether you meant it or not.
A. The members of the committee have finally agreed about the new dam proposal.
D. You undoubtedly intended to return my money, but I’m sure you just forgot about it.
B. In order that an agreement concerning the dam can be reached, it has been proposed that the committee should come together immediately.
26. For a uniquely American sporting event, nothing compares with American football's Super Bowl.
C. The members of the committee for the new dam proposal have been selected at last.
A. American football’s Super Bowl is the greatest sporting event in the world.
D. Having reached an agreement about the dam at the last meeting, the committee members now have a new proposal.
B. American football’s Super Bowl is the most important annual event in the United States. C. There is no more completely American sporting event than American football’s Super Bowl.
21. Just about everybody who was asked had a different explanation for the strange smell in the park.
D. There is nothing in the world comparable with American football’s Super Bowl.
A. There was nobody who thought the park smelled the way it usually did.
27. In the aftermath of the tsunami disaster, entire coastal regions of Sri Lanka lay devastated.
B. Few people gave an opinion, but those who did said that they thought the park had an unfamiliar smell about it. C. Quite a few people told us that they thought the park smelt rather strangely to them. D. A different reason was given as to the source of the unusual odour in the park by virtually all of those questioned. 22. It seems to me that we've taken the wrong train. A. The train turned out to be not the one we were supposed to have taken. B. I have a feeling that this train is not the one we should be on. C. I wish we had been more careful and taken the right train from the station. D. There is no chance that we’ll catch the train that We are supposed to. 23. We've not yet decided whether to go to a restaurant in Tafcssra for our anniversary celebration or not. A. The restaurant in Taksim hasn’t yet confirmed whether we can have our anniversary celebration there or not. B. We are not sure if we will be able to celebrate our anniversary in that restaurant in Taksim. C. We are still discussing whether or not to celebrate our anniversary at a restaurant in Taksim. D. We are almost certain that we will go to Taksim and celebrate our anniversary in a restaurant there.
A. Whole coastal areas of Sri Lanka were made desolate by the disaster of the tsunami. B. Since the tsunami disaster hit Sri Lanka, some of its coastal areas have been unable to recover. C. The tsunami disaster left all of Sri Lanka, especially its coastal regions, with severe damage. D. Due to their proximity to the coast, many parts of Sri Lanka were nearly destroyed by the tsunami disaster. 28. Technology improved rapidly during World War II and played a crucial role in determining how the war came to an end. A. It was necessary to develop new technologies during World War II, or else the war would have been worse. B. If technology hadn’t improved so quickly during World War II, it would have lasted longer than it did. C. World War II ended in the way it did largely due to the rapid technological developments in the course of it. D. The role of technological development in bringing a swift end to World War II is undeniable. 29. Although the doctor had recommended several treatments, Carol was still unsure which one to choose. A. The doctor had recommended many different treatments, but Carol didn’t like any of them. B. Carol didn’t know which treatment she should select from among the options her doctor had
given her.
35. Max ignored the sign and decided to park his car in front of the hospital.
C. Choosing the best available treatment for Carol’s illness was a difficult choice for her doctor to make.
A. Max was unaware of the sign that wouldn’t let him park in front of the hospital, so he decided to park there.
D. Though several treatments were suggested by Carol’s doctor, she couldn’t understand how any of them would help.
B. Disregarding the sign that forbade people to park there, Max chose to leave his car in front of the hospital.
30. People with sleeping difficulties tend to be more worried and unhappy than others.
C. Even if Max had noticed the sign for it, he would still have parked his car at the entrance to the hospital.
A. The best way to try and cure sleeplessness is to get rid of one’s worries and depression. B. Some people’s unhappy moods lead them to worry a lot and suffer many sleepless nights. C. Anyone who is either worried or sad is bound to have difficulty in falling asleep. D. Compared to other people, those with trouble sleeping are often more anxious and less happy. 31. The people in Will's class were very jealous of the Jacket he'd just got. A. Will’s new jacket caused a lot of envy among his classmates. B. Not everyone in class was pleased when Will got a new jacket.
D. Because there was no sign that prevented him, Max parked his car in the space just in front of the hospital. 36. It was nearly dawn when we arrived at the beach, yet it was still full of people. A. When we got to the beach, where there were many people, the sun had just risen. B. The sun was just beginning to rise when we arrived at the beach with a large group of friends. C. The beach was extremely crowded, in spite of our getting there just before the sun had risen.
C. Will’s classmates wondered where he’d bought his new jacket.
D. As soon as we arrived at the beach, the sun rose, and so we saw that the beach was, in fact, very crowded.
D. No one among Will’s classmates liked the jacket he’d recently got.
37. Philip had never thought about going abroad until he was offered a job in South Korea.
32. Whichever line I stand in at the supermarket always takes the longest
A. There was a job in South Korea that was offered to Philip, but he didn’t even think about going to a foreign country.
A. It always takes a long time for me to get through the line at the supermarket. B. I like to stand in the longest line whenever I go to the supermarket. C. It’s always the case that the supermarket line I choose takes longer than all the others. D. The longer the line at the supermarket, the longer it takes to get through it. 33. Had the pilot known that the electrical system had been having problems, he would not have let the plane leave the ground. A. The pilot would have refused to allow the plane to take off if he had been aware of the trouble with its electrical system. B. Once he had been informed of the problem with the plane’s electrical system, the pilot had to decide whether or not to risk taking off. C. The pilot knew as soon as he had taken off that the problem with the plane’s electrical system was going to cause trouble. B. Since he hadn’t been told about the previous problems with the electrical system on the plane, the pilot didn’t know the danger of taking off.
B. Up until the time Philip managed to find a job in South Korea, he was against the idea of leaving his country for work. C. Philip went overseas for the first time when he accepted a job in South Korea. D. Philip first considered travelling to a foreign country when an employer in South Korea asked him to work there. 38. This book can't be made into a good movie no matter who directs it. A. Without a talented director, a good movie cannot be produced from this book. B. Unless there is a decent director for it, the film version of this book will be a disaster. C. Regardless of the director, if this book is turned into a film, it will not turn out well. D. It doesn’t matter who the director of the movie version of this book is. 39. From what I've seen of Daphne's taste in art, I'm sure she will be delighted with this picture. A. Daphne should like this picture, judging from what I know about her artistic taste.
34. As sour- as his father let go of the bicycle, Ron lost his balance and felt.
B. This picture will possibly please Daphne, though I only know a little of her artistic taste.
A. Ron lost his balance and fell, knocking over his father, who had just stopped holding onto the bicycle.
C. I don’t know what kind of artistic taste Daphne has, but I’m sure she will love this picture.
B. Ron had begun to lose his balance, so his father stopped holding onto the bicycle and just let him fall.
D. I’m certain that Daphne will like this picture, because I’ve noticed that she has got good artistic taste.
C. Ron lost his balance and fell down before his father had even had a chance to release the bicycle.
40. There are people who, without much direct knowledge of the sea, take their boats out in bad weather.
D. Losing his balance, Ron fell down at the exact moment that his father stopped holding onto the bicycle.
A. A number of boats can be used in stormy weather even if the people in charge of them are not experienced.
B. Even though they have little maritime experience, some people use their boats in stormy conditions. C. Many inexperienced sailors take their boats out, and then get caught in bad weather. D. Those people who have little sea experience shouldn’t use their boats if the weather is not good. 41. Something in the way he was behaving made Julia wonder if Denny was ill. A. Denny was always doing something to make Julia ask him if he was ill. B. Denny was such a weird man that Julia thought something was wrong with him. C. Julia didn’t think Denny was feeling well, so she asked him what was wrong. D. Julia thought that Denny might be ill because he was acting strangely. 42. Kay was determined to get to the summit of the mountain and back before sunset.
easy. D. Not all people who are about to travel from the city of Surabaya to the island of Bali imagine it to be so difficult. 46. Before opening the gift from her sister, Maria shook the box to help her guess at what was inside it. A. Maria discovered what the box he’- sister gave her contained after she had shaken it. B. Because she was unable to detect the contents of the box from her sister by shaking it, Maria quickly opened her gift. C. After Maria had guessed at what her sister had probably given her, she shook the box and opened it.
A. Kay knew that she would have to be back before sunset after she’d reached the summit.
D. Maria opened her sister’s gift to her only after shaking the box so that she could try to determine its contents.
B. Kay was firm in her desire to reach the mountain peak and returning before the sun went down.
47. The more people turn up for the show, the more money we will make.
C. Climbing to the top of the mountain before dark was Kay’s goal for the day.
A. So many people came to the show that we made quite a lot of money.
D. Kay could easily reach the top of the mountain and get back before the sun went down.
B. How much profit we’ll make depends on how many people come to the show.
43. Pearl wouldn't have won the competition if she hadn't practised on her cello for so many hours every day.
D. If few people come to the show, we have to find another way to make money.
A. Hoping to be the best cellist in the competition, Pearl couldn’t stop herself from practising long hours every day.
48. New research has revealed that regular use of low-dose aspirin can benefit women more than it does men.
B. Pearl practised her cello non-stop each day in order to win the competition. C. If Pearl had spent more time practising her cello, she might have won the competition.
A. A new study is being carried out on both men and women to see if regular use of aspirin benefits both genders equally.
D. Only because she had spent a great deal of time each day playing her cello was Pearl able to win the competition.
B. A new study has shown that taking a small amount of aspirin regularly is good for women, but it has little effect on men.
44. Apart from the Fords, all of the other families have moved to the oceanfront, which is a safer area.
C. The aim of the new study was to show how much men and women benefit from a regular use of low-dose aspirin.
A. Unlike the rest of the families, who moved to the oceanfront, where it’s more secure, the Fords have chosen to stay in their home.
D. According to a recent study, taking a small amount of aspirin regularly is good for both genders, but it is more beneficial for women.
B. The Fords were the only family who refused to leave their home, since they didn’t think the oceanfront was safe.
49. More people are using public transport to get to work than the system can accommodate.
C. Though the oceanfront is a safer place to live, the Fords refused to leave their family home when their neighbours suggested it.
B. Public transport offers many advantages for the people trying to get to work.
D. Their neighbours were unable to persuade the Fords that the oceanfront would be more secure than their home.
D. As so many people use public transport, the system no longer works.
45. Getting to the island of Bali from the city of Surabaya is much simpler than some people imagine it to be. A. Travelling between the city of Surabaya and the island of Bali is easy, regardless of which place you start your journey. B. It’s not nearly as difficult to make the trip between the city of Surabaya and the island of Bali as some people think. C. Getting from Bali to the city of Surabaya may on occasions be difficult, but sometimes it is quite
C. The show will only make a profit if we manage to sell all the tickets.
A. The public transport system has too many people using it to get to work. C. The public transport system will soon be able to handle more commuters. 50. The pigeons of Trafalgar Square used to be fed by tourists who went there, but not anymore. A. Feeding the pigeons in Trafalgar Square has always been performed by the tourists visiting the place. B. The tourists who visit Trafalgar Square are no longer feeding the pigeons there, as they did in the past. C. Tourists don’t go to Trafalgar Square anymore because they are no longer allowed to feed the
pigeons there. D. It has been a long time now since the tourists last fed the pigeons in Trafalgar Square.
-181. Onur hasn't read any novels since he graduated from university. A. While Onur was attending university, he read lots of novels. B. The last time Onur read a novel was when he was a university student. C. Since Onur read a lot of novels at university, he doesn’t do so any more. D. Ever since Onur finished university, he has read few novels. 2. Everyone in the audience enjoyed the play, except for Scott. A. Nobody in the theatre other than Scott had a very good time at the play. B. The play was so entertaining that even Scott enjoyed himself. C. Scott was the only person among the people at the play who disliked it. D. Scott did not have a good time at the theatre, but most of the others did. 3. Linda regrets having worked during her holiday, because now she's extremely tired. A. Unfortunately, Linda chose to work over her last holiday rather than rest, which is what she actually needed. B. Linda is very tired due to the fact that she worked over the last holiday, and now she feels that she made a mistake. C. Linda wishes she could go on holiday soon, since she’s feeling so tired nowadays. D. Linda had to work hard throughout her last holiday, so she came back to work not relaxed at all. 4. They couldn't have fed so many people at the soup kitchen without the food donations from both individual citizens and local businesses. A. The soup kitchen managed to cook plenty of food without having any contributions from either local shops or residents. B. The soup kitchen could have served many more people if they had received some donations from a private business or some local individuals. C. The food donated by local businesses and residents was what allowed them to feed such a large number of people at the soup kitchen. D. Both the business community and local residents were willing to donate food to the soup kitchen they were organizing. 5. Both Wat Phrae Kaew and Wat Arun in Bangkok are lovely temples worth visiting; moreover, the first contains the Emerald Buddha. A. In Bangkok, Wat Phrae Kaew, with the Emerald Buddha, is a pretty temple that deserves a visit; another is Wat Arun. B. There are only two temples in Bangkok - Wat Phrae Kaew, containing the Emerald Buddha, and Wat Aran - that deserve to be visited. C. If you’d like to see a lovely temple in Bangkok, without a doubt you ought to visit either Wat Phra Kaew, home to the Emerald Buddha, or Wat Arun. D. After visiting Wat Phrae Kaew, where the Emerald Buddha is, you must have a look at Wat Arun
in Bangkok.
city of New Orleans.
6. In Britain during the 1700s, pick pocketing was punishable by death, but ironically, public hangings became prime targets for pickpockets.
B. Nothing is left of most of the city of New Orleans due to August 2005’s Hurricane Katrina.
A. Pickpockets in Britain in the 18th century would focus on public hangings and, ironically, end up being executed themselves for this crime. B. Frequently, public hangings for pick pocketing in Britain were used by other pickpockets as a cover for their activities. C. British pickpockets of the 18th century used to be executed if they were caught stealing from people attending public hangings. D. Although pick pocketing carried the death penalty in 18th-century Britain, ironically, public hangings provided great opportunities for pickpockets. 7. When Rene Descartes moved to Sweden, he felt weighed down by the climate there, and, not long after, he passed away.
C. The severe damage caused by August 2005’s Hurricane Katrina was unexpected in parts of the city of New Orleans. D. In August 2005, Hurricane Katrina damaged some parts of the city of New Orleans beyond repair. 11. Bluefin tuna are being caught in such large numbers due to the demand for sushi that they are starting to disappear Irem the seas. A. The demand for sushi has meant that bluefin tuna are beginning to vanish from the seas as a result of them being caught in large numbers. B. Lots of people are catching bluefin tuna because of the demand for sushi, so it has now become an officially endangered species. C. There are no longer enough bluefin tuna left in the seas to meet the incredible demand for sushi.
A. Sweden was the country which Rene Descartes went to in order to measure the climate, and it was also where he lost his life
D. There are no bluefin tuna left in some seas due to the large numbers that have been caught to meet the demand for sushi.
B. Rene Descartes died in Sweden, to which he had recently moved and where he was disturbed by the weather conditions.
12. David looked really surprised when he was awarded first prize for his painting.
C. Rene Descartes started a new career for himself in Sweden, but he didn’t stay in the country for much time because the climate was depressing.
B. David tried hard to look surprised when it was learned that his painting had come in first place.
D. The climatic pressure in Sweden, where Rene Descartes went to, was heavier than he was used to, and that is why he couldn’t stay there.
D. Once he knew that his painting had come in first, David appeared to be quite shocked.
8. Ann regretted not having planted a garden this year, so she felt bad when buying vegetables at the supermarket.
13. By the time Stella became certain what the answer was, she had already pressed the button for B.
A. Feeling sorry that she hadn’t planted a garden this year, Ann did not feel good about purchasing vegetables from the supermarket.
A. Stella had pressed the B button before she was completely sure of the correct answer.
B. The garden that Ann had not planted, which she regretted not doing, would have produced better vegetables than the ones she got at the supermarket. C. If Ann had planted a garden this year, she wouldn’t have had to buy her vegetables from the supermarket. D. When she realized that the vegetables at the supermarket were so bad, Ann decided to grow her own from then on. 9. The moment Justin checked the time on his watch, its alarm began to go off. A. If. Justin had not looked to see the time on his watch, its alarm may not have started. B. The alarm on Justin’s watch went off, causing him to check what the time was.
A. No one expected that David’s painting would be the one to come in first place. C. Everyone was very shocked when it was revealed that David’s painting had won first prize.
B. Stella pushed the button for the answer B as soon as she had no doubts that it was the right one. C. Stella pressed the B button, which was the correct answer, even though she wasn’t certain whether it was right. D. Until Stella was completely positive that the answer was B, she didn’t want to press the button for it. 14. Oliver needn’t have gone outside to use the payphone because he could have made a call for free from the one In the office. A. Oliver did not make his call on the payphone outside, as he was able to make it for no money from the one in the office.
C. Justin looked at his watch to see what time it was, and the alarm on it began at just that time.
B. As it wouldn’t have cost Oliver anything to ring somebody up from the office, his use of the payphone outside was unnecessary.
D. When his alarm went off, Justin looked at his watch, as he wondered what time it had been set for.
C. Had Oliver been allowed to make a call without paying for it from the office phone, he wouldn’t have had to go outside and use the payphone.
10. Parts of the city of New Orleans were completely destroyed by Hurricane Katrina in August 2005.
D. I wish Oliver hadn’t gone to use the payphone outside, since there is a phone in the office that he could have used without paying.
A. Hurricane Katrina, which hit New Orleans in August 2005, utterly destroyed a majority of the
15. Barely had the boat passed out of the harbour than it was struck by an enormous wave.
A. By the time the boat departed from the harbour, it had already been hit by a huge wave.
D. Ann would be happier if more time in her French class was devoted to poetry than to novels.
B. .The very large wave which smashed into the boat passed right in front of the harbour.
21. Whenever you come to a door with a red circle on it, you'll need to use your special card to open it.
C. Almost immediately after the boat had left the harbour, a very large wave crashed into it. D. A huge wave collided with the boat just before it was able to exit the harbour. 16. Even if Paul pleads with me to help him with his homework, there is no way I'm going to. A. Despite his begging me, I can’t see any way that I can help Paul with his homework. B. Paul is not going to get any assistance from me on his homework even if he begs, C. Should Paul appeal to me to help him with his homework, I may or may not be able to do so.
A. If you see a door which is marked with a red circle, try your special card, as that may open it. B. The special card will only unlock those doors which have red circles on them. C. The doors that are marked with a red circle will remain closed unless you use your special card on them. D. The doors with red circles on them are only to be used by the people who have special cards.
D. I will only assist Paul with his homework if he begs me to.
22. Conn Iggulden was the first author to have books at the top of the British fiction and nonfiction charts at the same time.
17. A couple from Nevada who won $5,000 on the lottery bought another ticket from their winnings and won $15 million.
A. The first two books by writer Conn Iggulden went to the number one position in Britain on both the fiction and the non-fiction charts.
A. The lottery ticket that won a Nevada couple $15 million was paid for out of the $5,000 which they had won in an earlier lottery. B. A couple from Nevada were not only awarded $5,000 from one lottery ticket, but they also won $15 million on another. C. A Nevada couple finally won $15 million from the lottery after they had spent $5,000 on lottery tickets. D. A couple from Nevada spent their whole $5,000 winnings from one lottery on another ticket, which won $15 million for them. 18. Until the new ones arrive, there won't be enough textbooks for you to have one each. A. You’ll have to share the textbooks unless some new ones are delivered. B. None of you are going to have a textbook till the new ones are finally delivered, C. Once the new textbooks have come, there will be enough to give each of you more than one if you like. D. There are currently more of you than there are textbooks, but that will change when the new ones come. 19. By the time that the interviewer finally turns up, I will have been nervously waiting for about an hour. A. The interviewer is not going to be here for at least another hour, so my nervous wait will continue. B. It is going to be just over an hour before the interviewer arrives, so this wait is going to be an anxious one. C. I’ll have passed about one anxious hour waiting when the interviewer arrives at last. D. It seems that I’ll have to wait for more than an hour before the interviewer finally comes. 20. Ann wishes her French class focused more on poetry and less on novels. A. Ann’s French class places most of its emphasis on poetry, and little on novels, which pleases her. B. Ann wonders how much time her French class will spend on poetry and how much on novels. C. Novels interest Ann less than poetry, so she didn’t like it when they spent no time on the latter in her French class.
B. Until Conn Iggulden, nobody had simultaneously been the bestselling author of fiction and nonfiction on the British charts. C. The British author Conn Iggulden published his best piece of fiction and his best piece of nonfiction at the same time. D. No writer of fiction or non-fiction has ever been as popular in Britain as Conn Iggulden once was. 23. For fear that he would miss his flight to Sao Paulo, Bill got to the airport at five o'clock. A. Bill’s plane to Sao Paulo was due to leave at 5 o’clock, but he was so afraid of missing it that he got to the airport a long time before that. B. Bill wouldn’t have been able to get on the plane for Sao Paulo had he not turned up at the airport at 5 o’clock. C. Bill arrived at the airport at 5 o’clock because he was worried that he might be too late for his flight to Sao Paulo otherwise. D. Bill was afraid that he would miss his flight to Sao Paulo, because he wouldn’t be able to arrive at the airport till 5 o’clock. 24. We would have enough money to buy a dishwasher now if we had saved more of our salaries last year. A. The reason we can’t afford a dishwasher at the moment is that, last year, we didn’t save enough of our pay. B. We would only have enough money to get a dishwasher had we put aside all of last year’s income. C. As we spent nearly all of our money last year, we are now unable to buy a dishwasher. D. I wish we had saved up our salaries last year and bought ourselves a dishwasher. 25. Climate change is as great a threat to humankind as nuclear war, according to global security experts. A. It is said by global security experts that it is climate change, and not nuclear devastation, that endangers humankind the most. B. Human beings will be killed off either by nuclear war or by climate change, or so say global
security experts. C. In the opinion of global security experts, global warming is more of a danger to humanity than nuclear war. D. Global security experts claim that nuclear war and climate change both endanger human beings equally. 26. Whether or not the problems with my computer turn out alright, it still needs to be checked by an expert. A. My computer may stop having problems, but still, a specialist has to have a look at it. B. If my computer doesn’t fix itself soon, I may need to have it looked at by a specialist. C. Even if an expert checks the problems on my computer, it might not turn out okay in the end. D. Once my computer has been looked at by a professional, I should be able to find out what its problems are. 27. The nuclear test conducted by North Korea in October 2006 was smaller than many had expected. A. In October 2006, North Korea performed a nuclear test to see whether people would have a big reaction. B. A lot of people had thought the nuclear test that North Korea did in October 2006 would be larger. C. North Korea performed a small nuclear test in October 2006, but a lot of people think they will do a larger one soon. D. Because the nuclear test done by North Korea in October 2006 was so small, lots of people didn’t notice it. 28. We won't make it to the concert in time unless we cut through the park to avoid ail the rush hour traffic. A. If we can’t get past all this traffic that is around the park, we’ll never arrive in time for the beginning of the concert. B. If only we had gone through the park to get to the concert, we wouldn’t have spent so much time in the rush hour traffic.
B. Many people thought they would have a lovely time listening to their favourite singer’s concert. C. Except for a few people, the audience at the concert left satisfied with the singer’s performance. D. A large number of people thought the concert was unsatisfying, despite the singer’s decent performance. 31. Everything Bert did was being mimicked by the whole class. A. Because he could copy whatever anyone else did, Bert was seen as the best mimic in the class. B. All the students in the class failed to do exactly what Bert was doing. C. No one in class liked Bert, so they made fun of everything he was doing. D. Everyone else in class was imitating each thing that was done by Bert. 32. Although Elisa stayed in Britain, she couldn't improve her English, as most of her friends there spoke French. A. If Elisa had made fewer French friends during her stay in Britain, her English could have improved a lot. B. It was wrong of Elise to speak French most of the time while she was staying in Britain. C. With the majority of her friends in Britain speaking French, Elise didn’t use her English, thus hindering her progress in the language. D. In Britain, Elise lived in an area where many people spoke French, and this didn’t help her improve her English very much. 33. Pictorial health warnings on cigarette packets are more likely to encourage smokers to quit. A. The advantage of picture warnings on cigarette packs is that they reach even smokers who cannot read. B. Putting warnings in the form of pictures on packs of cigarettes may better motivate people to stop smoking. C. Of all the ways to deter people from smoking, putting pictures on packs of cigarettes is the most effective. D. Those smokers who look at the pictures on their packets of cigarettes generally want to quit.
C. The only way to escape all this rush hour traffic and arrive at the concert before it starts is to go through the park.
34. In most developed nations, rules and regulations govern what can be asked in job interviews.
D. Due to all this rush hour traffic, we’ll probably be late for the concert, because we can’t even get to the park.
A. The questions allowed to be asked during job interviews are usually determined by law in the majority of developed countries.
29. In spite of the fact that I didn't leave home as early as I usually do, I arrived at school on time.
B. In lots of developed countries, laws about what can be asked in job interviews should soon become established.
A. Though I left home very early that day, I barely got to school in time for class.
C. Job interviews in most developed countries are similar in that the same sorts of questions tend to be asked.
B. I didn’t get to school late, even though I left home later than usual. C. Not only did I leave home later than normal, but I also got to school late. D. Even if I had left home a bit later, I still would have arrived at school on time.
D. In most developed countries, before applying for a job interview, you need to follow certain rules and regulations.
30. Hardly anyone at the concert was satisfied with the performance of the singer.
35. With a growth rate of nearly 10% this year, India is said to be richer now than ever before.
A. Nearly all of the concert audience thought the singer’s performance was unsatisfying.
A. It is thought that India’s 10% growth rate is the highest the country has had so far.
B. India is said to have economically improved recently, partly thanks to a yearly growth rate of almost 10%.
40. The helium that had been used to fill up all the balloons for the party was now finished.
C. As long as India’s 10% growth rate continues, the country should soon become richer than it has ever been.
B. The last balloons could now be filled with helium, as the party was over and there was still a bit of helium left.
D. It is said that, before the present growth rate of around 10%, India had never been so wealthy. 36. There have been recent studies that have linked poor dental care to a variety of other health conditions. A. Recently, a study has revealed that most health problems are closely related to decaying teeth. B. Research is being carried out to see if several serious health conditions result from neglect of one’s teeth. C. Recent studies have found a connection between neglected teeth and different types of health problems. D. Recent studies make it clear that brushing one’s teeth regularly is the key to preventing many other diseases. 37. I seriously doubt the opposition party will win the elections, yet it is not impossible. A. I can’t think of any party other than the opposition party which has a chance to win the elections. B. Though there’s a possibility of them winning, I feel it’s highly likely that the opposition party will lose the elections. C. The opposition party’s chances are so low that they may as well choose not to participate in the elections.
A. Now that the party was finished, there was no more helium to fill up the rest of the balloons.
C. We doubted we would have enough helium for all the balloons at the party, so we had to put it in them carefully. D. There was no more helium left, since it had all been put into each of the balloons to be used at the party. 41. So tired was Ron after the race that he just lay in bed for the rest of the afternoon. A. Following the race, Ron was tired enough to do nothing for the remainder of the afternoon but lie in bed. B. Since the race had been in the afternoon, Ron felt so tired after it that he didn’t get out of bed till nighttime. C. Ron was tired of racing, so, on the day of the race, he just stayed in bed all afternoon. D. It wasn’t lying in bed all day that had tired Ron out; it was the race that had been held in the afternoon. 42. The moment Ed gets his pay, he tends to spend half of it on clothes. A. If Ed spent less than half of his pay on clothes, he would be able to save more money.
D. I hope the opposition party gets elected, but it doesn’t seem very likely.
B. As long as Ed gets his salary on time, he’ll be able to buy most of the clothes that he needs.
38. After he'd written the lyrics to the song, it became easier for James to write the music for it.
D. It seems as if half of the pay Ed will receive this month will have to be spent on clothes.
A. James didn’t find it difficult to write the music for the song once he had finished writing its words. B. James started composing the song’s music before he had even completely finished writing its words. C. James had little trouble doing the music for the song, but he found its lyrics to be very difficult to write.
C. Ed has a habit of spending half his salary on clothes as soon as he receives it. 43. Though there wasn't enough food for everyone at the party, there was plenty to drink. A. By the time everyone at the party had started to drink, the food had already run out. B. While everyone at the party had a more than sufficient amount of drink, they did not have sufficient food. C. Not everyone at the party had had something to eat before the drinks were brought out.
D. Composing the music for the song made it a good deal easier for James to write the lyrics to it.
D. Because there was so little food at the party, everyone had to satisfy themselves with drinks.
39. If the doctor hadn't heard her pager go off, the patient who was waiting for her would probably have died.
44. When I visited the office, Jon wasn't there, so I guess he didn't leave as late as he normally does.
A. The doctor looked at her pager when it sounded and realized that the patient waiting for her was probably dying.
A. It was too early for Jon to leave the office, because he knew that I was going to stop by and see him as usual.
B. It’s likely that the patient awaiting the doctor wouldn’t have survived had the doctor not heard the sound of her pager.
B. Having left early, I went to Jon’s office in order to see him, but he wasn’t there.
C. Had the doctor waited any longer to respond to the sound of her pager, the patient awaiting her might not have lived.
D. I wonder if Jon’ll be in his office when I visit, or if he’ll have left at an earlier time than normal.
D. As soon as her pager had gone off, the doctor rushed to see if she would be able to prevent the awaiting patient from dying.
A. As soon as the wallpaper had come off, Scott went out to get the better kind.
C. It seems as if Jon left the office earlier than usual, as he wasn’t there when I stopped in. 45. If Scott had bought the better wallpaper, it wouldn't have come off.
B. When the wallpaper came off, Scott realized he should have got the superior kind. C. Scott wouldn’t have bought such bad wallpaper if he’d known that it would come off.
B. We would have left the pond at our house and gone to Macy’s Mill for the remainder of the day if we hadn’t caught any fish.
D. The reason the wallpaper came off was because Scott didn’t get the superior kind.
C. At this time of day, the fish at Macy’s Mill usually bite a lot more than the ones in the pond at our house, so let’s go there instead.
46. The pool had just finished being cleaned by the company when the neighbours arrived for a swim.
D. Unable to catch any fish in the pond at our house, we spent the remainder of the day fishing in the one close to Macy’s Mill.
A. The neighbours came to the house to go swimming in the pool as soon as the company had cleaned it. B. While the cleaning company was doing its job on the swimming pool, the neighbours were waiting for them to finish. C. The cleaning company worked so fast that the neighbours didn’t have to wait long before they could come over and swim in the pool. D. We asked the neighbours not to go swimming in the pool until the company had finished cleaning it. 47. Unless this bridge gets reinforced with more steel supports, trucks won't be allowed to use it anymore. A. This bridge was not safe to be used by trucks until extra steel supports had been brought in to make it stronger. B. The steel supports needed for this bridge may no longer be permitted to be carried on trucks. C. Trucks will be forbidden to use this bridge if it doesn’t get extra steel supports to strengthen it. D. This bridge didn’t need additional steel supports until too many trucks crossed it and cut down on its strength. 48. The temperatures have been dropping steadily ever since the cold front moved in last weekend. A. The constant cold temperatures lately were probably caused by the cold front that arrived around last weekend. B. Last weekend, a cold front arrived, and that was when this regular lowering of temperatures began. C. Before the temperatures started falling last weekend, we hadn’t expected a cold front to arrive. D. It is due to the cold front that arrived last weekend that temperatures are lower now than they were before. 49. As far as I am concerned, you didn't deserve such a low salary. A. You have been offered much less money than the others, which seems unfair. B. I think you should have asked your boss for a higher salary. C. In my opinion, you should have been paid more than you were. D. Your salary would probably have been raised if you had asked for it. 50. No fish were biting in the pond at our house, so we went to the one near Macy's Mill for the rest of the day. A. The pond at Macy’s Mill was full of fish the whole time we were there, unlike the one at our house.
C. The magician’s performance was the most amazing thing that the community had ever witnessed.
-191. He must have cancelled his e-mail account, as I can't get hold of him. A. Since I’m unable to get in contact with him, it seems certain that he’s closed his e-mail account. B. He may have closed his e-mail account, but I won’t know for sure till I get in touch with him. C. I must have got his e-mail address wrong, because he’s not giving me any reply.
D. After the magician’s incredible show, the community agreed that they’d never seen anything like it. 7. Activists urged voters to support the proposal aimed at decreasing pollution. A. The proposal whose goal was to lower pollution was being recommended to voters by activists. B. It was mostly activists who voted for the proposal that would decrease pollution.
D. If no one is able to get in contact with him, he ought to get an e-mail account for himself.
C. Activists came up with a proposal that would decrease the amount of pollution, and they were pushing voters to support it.
2. From the noise that the engine is making, it appears that there is something wrong with the car.
D. Activists claimed that, if they voted for the proposal, voters would no longer have to worry about the high pollution.
A. If there was something wrong with the car, the engine would be making a strange sound.
8. Everyone at the factory was worried about the possibility of losing their job,
B. It may seem as if the car is damaged, but it’s actually just the engine making a noise.
A. Few of those working at the factory felt that their jobs were secure.
C. The sound of the engine seems to indicate that the car isn’t functioning properly.
B. The chance that they might lose their jobs troubled all those at the factory.
D. The problem that the car is having must have been caused by the noisy engine.
C. All those at the factory wondered how they might be able to keep their jobs.
3. Almost everybody in the hotel took advantage of its free bus to the beach.
D. All of the factory employees realized that they would soon lose their jobs.
A. Hardly anybody, who was staying in the hotel travelled to the beach on its free bus. B. Nearly everyone who was on the beach had taken the free bus from the hotel. C. Everyone in the hotel saw its free bus to the beach as the best way to get there. D. Only a few of the guests didn’t use the hotel’s bus, which was free, to get to the beach. 4. For fear that Fiona didn't already know about Tim's plan, I deliberately didn't mention it. A. It wasn’t my intention to bring up Tim’s plan, but I thought that Fiona might not have been informed of it. B. The reason I choose not to tell Fiona about Tim’s plan was because I wasn’t sure if she already knew about it.
9. The new air and space museum was formally opened by the mayor, who was also a former astronaut. A. The opening of the air and space museum was important for the mayor, as he was a former astronaut. B. The opening of the air and space museum was done in honour of the mayor, who had once been an astronaut. C. The mayor, who used to be an astronaut, officially opened up the new air and space museum. D. Since the former mayor used to be an astronaut, the opening of the air and space museum was done by him.
C. Fiona couldn’t have known about Tim’s plan, but I still didn’t know whether or not I should bring it up.
10. Phil wanted to be separated from his family on this business trip for less time than he was on the last.
D. I thought someone must have told Fiona about 'rim’s plan, so I didn’t mention it to her.
A. As he had enjoyed being away from his family for such a long time on his last business trip, Phil hoped that this trip would be even longer.
5. The assignment that you've been given isn't so complicated as mine. A. My assignment isn’t as complex as the one you have been given. B. Neither of us has been given a simple assignment. C. The assignment that you’ve got is extremely easy, but mine’s not. D. Mine is the more complex of the assignments you and I have received. 6. Never before had the community seen anything more spectacular than the magician's show. A. The community would never again experience anything more spectacular than the show the magician did. B. If the community enjoyed magic more, they would have been more amazed by the magician’s performance.
B. On this business trip, Phil hoped that he would not be away from his family for as long a time as he had been on the previous one. C. No longer wanting to take lengthy business trips because they separated him from his family, Phil preferred not to go on any at all. D. Phil knew that the business trip he was soon to take would keep him away from his family for less time than the previous one. 11. My uncle used to own the small store below our flat. A. Once, my uncle lived with us in the flat above the small store, which he owned. B. The fiat underneath ours, which my uncle used to own, has been turned into a small shop. C. The place where my uncle used to live was above a small shop located not far from our
apartment..
machine.
D. The small store located beneath our apartment once belonged to my uncle, but not any more.
D. I’ve found the instructions in this manual quite senseless, so I may not be able to start this machine.
12. If only he hadn't eaten the entire pie, he wouldn't be feeling sick to his stomach now. A. He has trouble with his stomach at the moment because he ate the whole pie. B. He wonders if the reason for his feeling sick to his stomach is the pie that he consumed earlier. C. I wish he had not eaten the whole pie and got so sick to his stomach. D. Whenever he was given a pie, he would eat all of it and become sick to his stomach. 13. Eda responded to the teacher in a way that none of us could have predicted. A. By responding to the teacher in such a strange way. Eda proved all of our predictions wrong. B. It was impossible for any of us to foresee the way Eda actually responded to the teacher.
18. It wasn't until Becky looked out of the window and couldn't see any land that she realized the boat had set sail. A. The ship had begun its journey, and Becky became aware of this only when she could see no land upon looking out of the window. B. After becoming aware that the boat had left the dock, Becky went to look out of the window to watch as they journeyed out to sea. C. Having looked out of the window and seen land, Becky wasn’t sure whether the ship had started moving or not.
C. After her response, Eda started acting towards the teacher in a very strange manner.
D. Since Becky couldn’t see out the window, it was impossible for her to tell if the boat had begun its journey into open waters yet.
D. Not one of us was able to imagine what Eda would do after responding to the teacher in such a manner.
19. If she had no intention of going to the wedding, she should not have accepted the Invitation.
14. I hope that there is nothing wrong with Marcus, as he should have contacted me by now.
A. If she’s already accepted the invitation, she’ll probably go to the wedding.
A. I’m a bit worried about Marcus, who was going to get in touch with me, because I still haven’t heard from him.
C. She must not have accepted the invitation, because she is definitely not going to the wedding.
B. Marcus would have contacted me by now if there had been something wrong with him. C. I wish that Marcus hadn’t contacted me; then I wouldn’t be worrying now.
B. It was wrong of her to say she’d go to the wedding when she knew that she would not. D. If she won’t be able to make it to the wedding, then she doesn’t need to get an invitation. 20. Later in life, he regretted not taking his education seriously when he was young.
D. Since Marcus hasn’t got in contact with me yet, I’m sure something bad has happened.
A. Apparently, he had not taken the education opportunities which were on offer in his younger days.
15. Sam painted the nicest of all the pictures.
B. When he got older, he was resentful of the poor education he received when he was young.
A. Every picture that Sam painted was very nice.
C. When he was older, he was regretful for not having taken his education seriously in his youth.
B. Sam always painted nice pictures, but this one was his nicest one ever.
D. Being poorly educated was a great discomfort to him later in life.
C. Few of the other pictures were as nice as the one that Sam had painted.
21. Neither my mother nor my father wanted to divorce right away, so they had a trial separation first.
D. The picture painted by Sam was nicer than all the others. 16. Prior to taking that medicine, you ought to have consulted your doctor. A. Perhaps, rather than starting to take that medicine right away, you should talk to a doctor. B. You should only take that medicine after consulting your doctor. C. It was a mistake for you not to have got your doctor’s opinion before taking that medicine.
A. My mother and father attempted to live apart for a time because they were not willing to get a divorce immediately. B. My father was willing to try separation before getting divorced, yet my mother wanted neither separation nor divorce.
D. Had you checked with your doctor first, he would have told you not to take that medicine.
C. While they were living apart from one another, my parents decided it would be best to divorce as soon as possible.
17. I can't make any sense out of these Instructions in this manual for how to start this machine.
D. Not only did my father want to live apart from my mother, but he also wanted to divorce her without delay.
A. The instructions given in this manual for how to start this machine are the most complicated I’ve ever seen.
22. Some people change so much as they get older that they no longer look as they used to.
B. The instructions given in this manual are too complicated for me to be able to understand how to start this machine.
B. It is only natural that people look different as they get older.
C. There’s no sense in trying to understand the instructions given in this manual for how to start this
A. Compared to those of the past, people today do not usually look their age. C. In time, people change so much that no one from their past can recognize them.
D. Some people look greatly different from how they looked when they were younger.
B. Martha would rather have stayed at the front desk, but she has been moved into an office.
23. The reason for the failure of the launch of the rocket has become common knowledge.
C. Since Martha quit her job at the front desk, they offered her an office of her own.
A. There is nobody who hasn’t come up with an explanation for the rocket’s failure.
D. Martha used to work at the front desk, but then she decided to try to get an office of her own.
B. Everybody is now aware of why the rocket couldn’t take off. C. Nobody knows for what reason the rocket wasn’t launched.
29. Under no circumstances should you stand up while the ride is in progress.
D. The news that the rocket didn’t succeed in taking off spread quickly. 24. Margaret was too exhausted to take up the Webbs' invitation to have dinner at their house. A. Margaret was really tired when she accepted the offer of the Webbs to have dinner with them at their home. B. Margaret didn’t accept the offer to have dinner at the Webbs’ place because it would have been very tiring for her. C. Margaret wasn’t well enough to accept the dinner invitation that had been sent to her by the Webbs. D. Margaret had been asked to come over to dinner by the Webbs, but, being very tired, she had to refuse the invitation. 25. Our French lesson would have been more productive if the teacher hadn't kept on leaving the classroom. A. We didn’t learn anything in our French lesson because the teacher repeatedly went out of the classroom. B. Whenever our teacher was in the classroom, we had a very constructive French lesson. C. As the teacher frequently wasn’t in the classroom, we didn’t learn as much in our French lesson as we could have. D. Even if our teacher had remained in our classroom, the lesson still wouldn’t have been productive enough. 26. Albrecht Durer created a fairly good picture of a rhinoceros without even having seen one. A. Despite not having seen a rhinoceros, the picture Albrecht Durer made of one was quite good.
A. If you get up before the ride has finished, it will shut down. B. Once the ride has begun, it’s necessary that you remain seated until it has completely stopped moving. C. As the ride has continued to improve, people have begun standing up on it, though they aren’t supposed to. D. Whoever you may be, the recent updates to the ride mean that you should not stand up on it. 30. The Immigration laws have been continually changed over the past few years for no logical reason. A. The fact that the immigrant laws have been continually changed over the recent years must have a reason. B. It is not fair that the laws have been changed so much over the few years because of the flow of immigrants. C. The reason why they changed the immigration laws recently has not been explained very convincingly. D. There’s no reasonable explanation as to why the immigration laws have been altered repeatedly in the last few years. 31. You can cancel your ticket with a full refund only if you do so one week before your scheduled departure. A. You can apply for a full refund for your ticket within a week if you’ve had a change of plans and can’t make the flight. B. When you purchase a ticket for a flight, it’s impossible to get a refund on it in advance of the date that your flight will be leaving.
B. Had he not looked at a rhinoceros first, Albert Durer’s picture of one couldn’t have been perfect.
C. In order to get all the money you’ve paid for the ticket back, the cancellation has to be done seven days prior to your plane’s scheduled take-off.
C. Albrecht Durer didn’t even bother to look at a rhinoceros before he made his excellent picture of one.
D. When a flight has been cancelled by the airlines, you must ask for a full refund within one week of the date of departure.
D. Before Albrecht Durcr saw a rhinoceros, he had already made a pretty good picture of one.
32. Jamal could have been a classical musician if he'd continued his cello lessons.
27. Rick wasn't certain that Clark had received his e-mail.
A. It was only because Jamal stopped taking lessons on the cello that he was unable to become a classical musician.
A. Rick didn’t remember what exactly he had written in his last e-mail to Clark. B. Before checking with Clark, Rick had to know whether he had received his last e-mail.
B. Originally, Jamal had wanted to become a classical musician, and so he took cello lessons for a time.
C. Rick had sent so many e-mails to Clark that he wasn’t sure which one Clark had actually failed to get.
C. It was the cello lessons that he took for a long time that enabled Jamal to become a classical musician.
D. Rick did not know for sure whether his e-mail had reached Clark or not.
D. Jamal never became a classical musician, but he did continue taking cello lessons nonetheless.
28. Martha doesn't work at the front desk anymore; now, she has her own office.
33. Gerard used to live with his younger brother, but he moved into a place by himself a couple of weeks ago.
A. Martha, who previously worked at the front desk, now works in her own office.
A. Now that he has been living by himself for two weeks, Gerard misses the time when he was staying with his little brother. B. Though Gerard has been living with his younger brother for a while, in two weeks he’ll go somewhere else and live on his own instead. C. Gerard once lived with his little brother for a couple of weeks, but he soon moved out and into his own place. D. Previously, Gerard had lived with his little brother, but then, two weeks ago, he started living on his own somewhere else. 34. Without even picking up the phone, Anita knew that it was Jack who was calling her. A. Feeling that Jack was the one who was ringing her, Anita wondered whether or not she should pick the phone up. B. Anita was sure, even before she had answered the phone, that Jack was the person ringing her. C. As she knew that it was Jack who was calling her, Anita decided not to pick up the phone. D. Anita was not planning to answer the phone until she could be sure that Jack was the one on the other end of the line. 35. Most of the fish had been sold by noon, but the workers still couldn't leave until four o'clock. A. When the workers finally left the market at four o’clock, all of the fish had already been sold long before. B. The workers couldn’t go home before four o’clock, regardless of whether or not they had sold most of their fish before noon. C. Most of the workers who left before four o’clock did so because they had sold most of their fish before noon. D. None of the workers were allowed to leave before four o’clock, even though the majority of the fish had been bought before noon. 36. If I'd known how hot and crowded it was going to be here, I wouldn't have come. A. I didn’t realize it would be so hot and crowded here, and if I had, I wouldn’t have come. B. As it’s so hot and crowded here, I’m beginning to wish I hadn’t come. C. I came here knowing very well it would be both hot and crowded.
C. I don’t know anything because nobody has mentioned the sale of the old house. D. I hadn’t been told anything before the old house was sold. 39. I was enthusiastic about seeing the Toy Museum because Adam had spoken so well of it. A. Adam’s praise of the Toy Museum makes me think that it might be an interesting place to see. B. What made me very eager to visit the Toy Museum was Adam’s saying such good things about it. C. I hadn’t been really interested in the Toy Museum until Adam told me that it was excellent. D. I was very pleased to hear from Adam that the Toy Museum was a wonderful place to visit. 40. I will consider all the offers before I make the final decision. A. I was considering everything while I was making the final decision. B. When I feel sure about the offers, I will tell them my final decision. C. I am certain, but I still want to think over the offers a bit more. D. I won’t decide until I have considered all the offers. 41. It will be useless to ask Cathy to help us. A. Don’t ask Cathy to help us, because she’s lazy. B. It won’t be any use if we ask Cathy for help, C. Cathy refused to help us when we asked her. D. It was not a good idea for us to ask for Cathy’s help. 42. Sue almost never joined us when we invited her out on Saturday. A. When we wanted Sue to come out with us on Saturday, she rarely did. B. It was usually difficult for Sue to come out with us on Saturday, C. Sue never accepted our invitations to come out at weekends. D. We invited Sue to come out, but she is rarely free on Saturday. 43. Fred will have an interview with the manager soon after he gives her his CV. A. Fred should give his CV to the manager during the interview.
D. I wouldn’t go as I was sure it would be terribly hot and crowded.
B. The manager will take Fred’s CV just before she has an interview with him. C. Fred will explain his CV for the manager as soon as he sees her.
37. There wasn't enough evidence to prove that he was guilty.
D. The manager asked to see Fred’s CV before she talked to him.
A. They failed to prove his guilt as there was no evidence to support the case.
44. Stella called the police as soon as she realized she was being followed.
B. If there is enough evidence, they will be able to prove his guilt.
A. Stella thought that she should call the police, because she was being followed.
C. They couldn’t prove that he was guilty as the evidence was insufficient.
B. When the police arrived, Stella followed them to the police station.
D. They can’t possibly prove his guilt as there is clearly insufficient evidence.
C. Stella realized that someone was following her, so she called the police.
38. They didn't tell me anything until the old house had been sold.
D. Whenever Stella sees someone following her, she telephones the police.
A. No one has talked much about the old house that was recently sold.
45. Don't disturb me unless it is something urgent.
B. They would tell me if the old house weren’t sold.
A. You can only interrupt me if it is some sort of emergency.
B, When you need something fast, you can call on me. C. Unless something terrible happens, please leave me alone. D. I will only bother you if there is some sort of emergency. 46. I drink coffee at night, so it takes me ages to get to sleep. A. Drinking coffee sometimes makes it very difficult for me to get to sleep at night. B. I wouldn’t take a lot of time to fall asleep if I didn’t drink coffee at night. C. For me, sleeping at night is not very easy, because I drink lots of coffee. D. I always want some coffee just before I go to bed, but then I can’t get to sleep. 47. After three months of bloody fighting, the German army were driven back from Stalingrad, leaving thousands of their colleagues trapped behind. A. Thousands of German soldiers had to be abandoned in Stalingrad as the German army was forced to retreat from the city, following a violent three- month conflict. B. After three months of bloody conflict most of the German army drove back to Stalingrad while thousands of their comrades remained behind. C. The German army had to fight for three months to capture Stalingrad, but then they were forced to withdraw, leaving behind thousands of dead. D. The German army began to retreat, after three months of bloody fighting, without even attempting to rescue thousands of soldiers kept as prisoner of war in Stalingrad. 48. While the Germans were fighting the Soviets in eastern Europe, the USA, Britain and Canada landed in the north of France. A. The USA, Britain and Canada arrived by sea in the north of France before the Germans had started to fight the Soviets in the east of Europe. B. The landings in northern France, made by the USA, Britain and Canada, happened during the time the Germans were in conflict with the Soviets in eastern Europe. C. The Germans fought with the Soviets in eastern Europe, and then with the USA, Britain and Canada, who had invaded the north coast of France. D. At the same time as the USA, Britain and Canada were landing in the north of France, the Soviets started a big battle with the Germans on the eastern side of Europe. 49. How I wish I had enough money to go to the Maldives for my holiday. A. I’m planning to spend my next holiday in the Maldives if I can save enough money. B. I can only go to the Maldives for my next holiday if I can start saving up now. C. I’d really like to spend my holiday in the Maldives, but I can’t afford it. D. I’d like to go to the Maldives for a holiday because it’s not very expensive there. 50. Listening to loud music for a long time will give you a headache. A. You will get a headache if you listen to music at a very high volume for a long time. B. You shouldn’t listen to loud music for a long time if you have a headache. C. Listening to music for a while may help you get rid of a headache, but it shouldn’t be loud. D. When you have a headache, it is not good to listen to music at a very high volume for a long
time.
D. It’s such a long time since we met that I’m afraid I may not recognize him.
-201. In my opinion his early novels weren't any better than his last one. A. As far as I’m concerned, this last novel of his is at least as good as any of the earlier ones.
7. Wouldn't it be better to let them know about the alterations to the plan? A. Why haven’t they been informed about the new developments? B. Don’t you think they should be informed about the changes in the plan? C. Shouldn’t they have been consulted before the scheme was changed?
B. I believe that the novel he has written recently has failed to draw the public attention.
D. We'd better ask them to change the plan, hadn’t we?
C. I think he has at last managed to write a really good novel.
8. Don't take any notice of all his complaints about his health; there's nothing wrong with him.
D. It seems to me that all his earlier works were better than his last novel.
A. You can ignore all his talk of being ill; he’s actually perfectly healthy.
2. If I'd known where they lived I would certainly have gone to visit them white I was in Paris.
B. Try to avoid the subject of his health as I am tired of hearing all about this complaints. C. Don’t listen to him talking about his health; it’s his favourite subject.
A. I didn’t even know they were living in Paris so I never thought of visiting them.
D. If you let him, he would talk only about his ill-health though actually he is quite healthy.
B. I visited them when I was living in Paris but now I’ve lost touch with them.
9. We had planned to walk right round the lake, but the heavy rain made this impossible.
C. I wanted to visit them while I was in Paris but as I didn’t have their address, I couldn’t.
A. In spite of the heavy rain we managed to walk half way round the lake as planned.
D. Last week I was in Paris but I didn’t feel like going to visit them.
B. The heavy rain nearly prevented us from walking right round the lake, C. We would have walked right round the lake even if it had rained heavily.
3. Luckily they managed to catch the last bus, so they didn't have to walk the five miles back to the village.
D. If it hadn’t rained so heavily we would have walked right round the lake.
A. Fortunately the bus they caught took them within five miles of their own village, so they only had a short walk.
10. I can't remember when I last saw him, but it's certainly a long time ago.
B. They were fortunate enough to get the last bus which saved them the five-mile walk back to the village.
B. We’ve only met once and that was too long ago for me to remember him.
C. They were lucky enough to find a bus to take them the last five miles to the village. D. It was fortunate that they were able to take the last bus when they were only five miles away from the village. 4. We're still debating whether or not he deserves to be promoted. A. There was much disagreement among us as to whether he’s a suitable candidate for promotion. B. The question of whether he’s entitled to promotion has not yet been discussed. C. We haven’t yet come to an agreement as to if he should be promoted. D. His promotion will certainly cause a great deal of disagreement among us.
A. I shall never forget meeting him even though it’s a long time ago. C. I only know it is ages since I saw him and I can’t remember when that was. D. I’d like to forget how many years have passed since I last saw him. 11. As the traffic is so heavy it will take us at least an hour to get there. A. Let’s wait an hour before we go as there is so much traffic on the roads. B. Since the roads are so busy we won’t be able to get there in under an hour, C. Since the roads are full of traffic at this hour we won’t go now. D. There are so many cars on the roads that we can’t get there for hours.
5. Apparently, Tom and Larry can't spend an afternoon together without fighting.
12. There were no poor performances, but that of the Russian dancers was certainly the best.
A. A fight seems inevitable when Tom and Larry are together even if only for an afternoon.
A. The best performance were those of the Russians; some of the others were poor.
B. Tom and Larry must have got together in the afternoon to have a fight. C. Presumably, on the afternoon of the fight, Tom and Larry were together.
B. The standard of dancing was high, particularly among the Russians.
D. Unfortunately, Tom and Larry spent the whole afternoon fighting each other.
C. They all danced well, but the Russian dancers were far better than the others. D. The Russian dancers were well-worth watching but the others weren’t
6. We haven't seen each other for ages, so I'm wondering whether I shall even recognize him.
13. As there was a great deal of rain in the spring we are expecting a good fruit harvest this year.
A. Though we haven’t met for years, there’s no fear of not recognizing him.
A. It rained so heavily all through the springtime that fruit harvest will certainly be affected.
B. You’ll have no difficulty' in recognizing him, for he’s changed little over the years, C. I met him years ago but I doubt if I should even recognize him now.
B. This year we can expect a better fruit harvest ever, though we didn’t have a
wet spring.
D. If we set off now, we will avoid most of the heavy traffic.
C. Though it rained often this spring, the fruit trees are yielding plenty of fruit.
20. This is the most enjoyable novel I've read in a long time.
D. There should be an abundance of fruit this year as it rained so much in the spring.
A. It took me a long time to read this novel, but it was worth it.
14. As the bus arrived in Bursa an hour later than the scheduled time, I missed the opening of the concert.
B. It’s a marvellous novel; I still remember it though I read it a long time ago. C. It’s a long time since I read this novel but I know I enjoyed it enormously.
A. The concert was due to start just an hour after my bus arrived in Bursa.
D. It’s ages since I got so much pleasure out of reading a novel.
B. The concert had started by the time I got there as the bus reached Bursa a full hour late.
21. I've been out of the country for nearly a year, so I'm out of touch with everything here.
C. I arrived in Bursa at the scheduled hour and went on to the concert an hour later. D. The concert in Bursa started an hour later than the scheduled time so I didn’t miss the start.
A. A year or so abroad will make you feel different about your own country. B. On my return after almost a year, I was touched to find so few changes here, C. I feel quite like a stranger now that I’m back after almost a year abroad. D. The year abroad has estranged me, so I don’t want to go back to my own country.
15. I expect to get back this evening but it really depends on the weather.
22. I was extremely annoyed at the way the new boss treated us all, but I tried not to show it.
A. Though I’m planning to return this evening the weather may prevent me.
A. I made an effort to hide from the new boss the anger I felt at his treatment of us.
B. If the weather continues like this I’ll spend the night there.
B. I shouldn’t have let the new boss know just how angry I was at this attitude towards us.
C. Since the weather’s so bad I don’t suppose I’ll be back tonight.
C. I couldn’t help letting the new boss see just how angry he made me with those remarks to us.
D. The weather made it impossible for me to return as planned.
D. The new boss treated us all so badly that I couldn’t hide my disgust from him.
16. After the operation, she recovered far quicker than any of us had expected her to.
23. If the others had taken sensible precautions like we did, this tragedy need never have happened.
A. She recovered from the operation just as quickly as anybody could have hoped.
A. If they had not behaved so foolishly, they would not have involved us, either, in this tragedy.
B. Once the operation was over her recovery was as fast as could be expected, C. We were all surprised at how fast her health returned after the operation.
B. The tragedy is that this could have been avoided if only they had all controlled their emotions.
D. To our great surprise she was back to normal again as soon as the operation was over. 17. I'll be at the station to meet you if it's possible at all. A. I’ll do my best to meet you at the station but it may not be possible. B. It’s just possible that I shall be at the station to meet you myself, C. I’ve promised to meet you at the station and I shall be there. D. I would most certainly have met you at the station if it had at all been possible. 18. That's something you should ask John about as he's the financial expert. A. John might be able to help you as he takes an interest in financial matters. B. If I were you, I’d get John’s opinion on it first. C. John is the one to ask; he is responsible for all our financial transactions. D. John is the one you should consult as he specializes in financial matters. 19. We'd better leave right away as the traffic will be heavy at this hour. A. We mustn’t leave it too late as the roads are likely to be busy for the next hour. B. The roads are busy at this time of day, so we ought to set off at once, C. Let’s wait an hour so as to avoid some of the heavy traffic.
C. If only they would follow our example and behave in a reasonable manner, all this suffering could be avoided. D. This tragic outcome could have been avoided, but, unlike us, the rest of them behaved rashly. 24. As Jane and I are going to Leeds by car, why don't you join us? A. Will you come to Leeds with Jane and me if we decide to take the car? B. How about going to Leeds with Jane and me since we’re taking the car? C. If you and Jane decide to go to Leeds, couldn’t we go by car? D. Why don’t you want to go to Leeds by car with Jane and me? 25. Many countries share the view that drastic measures must be taken to stop the pollution of the seas. A. The pollution of the seas can only be prevented provided that many countries follow the same policy. B. By putting into practice a series of precautions it is generally believed that the pollution of the seas will be prevented. C. A lot of countries agree that it is essential to take strong action to put an end to the pollution of the seas. D. The seas will, it seems, continue to be polluted unless this agreement is accepted by a majority of the countries.
D. The task of putting into effect the policy changes agreed to by the firm’s directors is ours.
26. These gardens have been well-designed, so they look attractive all the year round.
32. One can hardly expect profits to double again this year.
A. Whatever the season, these gardens look attractive for much good planning has gone into them.
A. Profits will probably drop by as much as 50 percent again this year.
B. Good garden design would ensure that these gardens were lovely to look at all through the year. C. The best-planned gardens are those which look attractive all the year round.
B. It’s not likely that profits will again go up by 100 percent this year, C. It’s quite possible that profits this year will be halved again.
D. Only well designed gardens like these appeal to the public all the year round.
D. It won’t be easy to double the profits again this year.
27. Owing to the poor visibility it took us ten hours, instead of the usual eight, to get to London.
33. What can we do to convince him that the project is sure to succeed?
A. The lights of London were visible for two hours before we reached the city. B. Even though we ran into a lot of fog on the way to London the journey didn’t take much longer than usual. C. It takes between eight and ten hours to drive to London, depending on visibility.
A. How should we go about persuading him that the success of the project is assured? B. Why can’t he admit that the success of the project is in doubt? C. Why can’t we persuade him that the scheme is sure to fail? D. Doesn’t he want us to believe that the project is sure to succeed? 34. Carol said that it started to snow after she had got up that morning.
D. The fog meant that we reached London two hours later than would be normal.
A. Carol said that she got up while it was snowing that morning.
28. Sometimes there is so much traffic on the roads that it's quicker to walk than to go by car.
B. Carol said that the snow had started before she got up that morning.
A. There is so much traffic these days that it is easier to walk than to drive.
C. Carol said that, as soon as she got up that morning, she saw that if was snowing.
B. The traffic is at times so heavy that you can walk there faster than you can go in a car. C. At certain times of the day it really is better to walk than drive in the heavy traffic. D. When the traffic is really heavy, the cars can only move at walking-pace. 29. The newspapers are putting the blame on his private secretary, but I think several other people are equally guilty. A. It seems to me that several people are at fault, not just his private secretary as the newspapers are suggesting. B. The names of some of the guilty people were given to the newspapers by his private secretary. C. According to the newspapers, it is not only his private secretary who is to blame; several other people are involved. D. Some of the people who are quite as guilty as his private secretary have managed to avoid getting their names in the newspapers. 30. I didn't enjoy his last novel nearly as much as his early ones.
D. Carol said that she got up before the snow started that morning. 35. We couldn't help feeling disappointed when, after all our hard work, we had to close down the factory. A. By working even harder we could, perhaps, have managed to keep the factory open. B. If only we could have kept the factory going we wouldn’t have felt that all our work had been wasted. C. Since we’d put in so much effort it was inevitable that we should feel upset when we couldn’t keep the factory going. D. However hard we worked we could not have stopped them closing down the factory. 36. The north of Italy is directly responsible for the country's place among the world's top industrial nations. A. Italy’s northern regions are well-known as one of the most industrialized areas in the world.
A. I thought his early novels were good, but this last one was even better.
B. In Italy, industry is focused in the north, but nevertheless she is still one of the world’s top industrial nations.
B. His novels begin well, but towards the end they are really not very enjoyable, C. His early novels gave me far more pleasure than his last one did.
C. Italy is one of the world’s top industrial countries even though all the industrial activities are concentrated in the north.
D. In comparison with his last novel, even his early novels were good.
D. It is entirely the northern part of the country that has earned Italy a prominent position among the world’s industrial nations.
31. The directors of the firm have agreed to a change in policy; it's up to us to implement it. A. Having agreed to a change in policy, we must force the directors of the firm to implement it. B. The directors of the firm have decided to give the task of implementing the change in policy to us. C. Any change in policy on the part of the firm's directors requires our approval before it can be implemented.
37. Of all the decisions a free people must face, the question of war or peace is the most crucial. A. A free people is never confronted by a more momentous choice than that of war or peace. B. The most critical choice that a free people is ever called upon to make concerns the issue of war or peace.
C. The choice of war or peace is a critical one, but all free people do, on occasion, have to face it. D. When confronted with the choice of war or peace free people realize it is the most momentous of all issues.
C. Nancy and her husband liked the resort so much that they wanted to extend their holiday two more days. D. Nancy couldn’t think of a reason why they couldn’t stay at that wonderful resort for two days.
38. I only remembered it was my birthday when you phoned me.
44. Sarah started preparing lunch as soon as her children left for school.
A. I didn’t remember that it was my birthday until you called.
A. The children went to school soon after Sarah had prepared lunch.
B. I was happy because you remembered to call me on my birthday, C. As soon as I realized that it was my birthday, you called me
B. Sarah’s children didn’t leave for school until she had started making lunch.
D. You always phone me to remind me of when my birthday is. 39. Getting a law passed is one thing but getting it enforced is quite another thing. A. The law has already been passed, but I suspect it won’t be easy to implement it. B. Once the law has been passed, it will be easy enough to put it into effect. C. The passing of a law and the implementing of it are two very different things. D. If the law has been passed, it will soon come into effect.
C. After the children had left for school, Sarah decided to prepare lunch. D. Sarah waited until her children had gone to school before she started making lunch 45. Meals at "The Round Table" are undoubtedly the best in town and prices are reasonable. A. At “The Round Table” you get extremely good food, but you certainly pay for it. B. Prices have gone up at “The Round Table” but the quality of the food has gone up accordingly. C. They don’t overcharge you at “The Round Table” and the food there is unrivalled in the town.
40. A club member who had a funny surname made a Song speech.
D. Considering how much they charge, the food they serve at “The Round Table” is not as good as it ought to be.
A. A club member gave a long speech about his funny surname.
46. I had no idea Clark spoke French until we went to Bordeaux.
B. The speech of the club member with a strange surname was very long.
A. I first realized that Clark knew French when we were in Bordeaux.
C. Everyone found the speech of the club member with a strange surname long but funny.
B. Before we went to Bordeaux, Clark had never tried to speak French.
D. We had to wait for the club member who had a funny surname to speak.
C. While we were travelling to Bordeaux, Clark suddenly started to speak French.
41. Saying that there was room for only four passengers in his car, the taxi driver didn't want to take all of us.
D. It was difficult to understand the French that Clark was speaking in Bordeaux.
A. The taxi driver refused to take all of us, because he said his car was only large enough for four people.
A. I hate being in a place where there are noisy kids.
B. Because the taxi driver didn't want to take more than four of us, we decided not to hire his car. C. The taxi driver only allowed four of us to get into his car, so the rest had to take another taxi. D. The taxi driver said his car was big enough to take only four passengers, but we all managed to fit in.
47. One of the things I hate is noisy children. B. Children who make a lot of noise are terrible. C. Among other things, I can’t stand children who make noise. D. I hate both children and the noise they make. 48. Nobody is helping me, so I can't finish my science project on time.
42. I have found the ring which Ed gave me on my birthday last June.
A. I could finish my science project on time if I were being helped by someone.
A. On my birthday last June, Ed gave me a ring that I thought I had lost, but he had found it again.
B. I needed help with my science project, but everyone just ignored me.
B. When Ed gave me a ring for my birthday last June, he didn’t know that I was going to lose it.
C. My science project will be difficult to do alone, so I should ask someone for help.
C. The ring I was given by Ed on my birthday last June is no longer lost because I’ve found it.
D. No one had time to help me, so I couldn’t finish my science project on time.
D. I was given a ring by Ed on my birthday last June, but after a while, I lost it.
49. People who are unhappy sometimes try to compensate by eating too much.
43. "Why don't we stay for another two days in this fantastic resort?" said Nancy to her husband.
A. Unhappy people are usually overweight because they tend to eat too much. B. Eating too much occasionally makes people unhappy and depressed, C. For some people, eating too much is a reason to be miserable.
A. Talking to her husband, Nancy suggested extending their holiday in that marvellous resort two more days.
D. When depressed, people occasionally attempt to offset their miseriy by overeating.
B. Nancy asked her husband the reason why they wouldn’t'be able to stay at that beautiful resort for two days.
50. Although they taste nearly the same, both Sprite and Mountain Dew are two separate citrus-flayoured soft drinks made by different companies.
A. Although Sprite has a stronger citrus taste than Mountain Dew, basically they are the same soft drink, though made by different companies. B. Sprite and Mountain Dew are both manufactured by the same company, though they are similarly tasting citrus-flayoured soft drinks. C. Produced by two different companies, Sprite and Mountain Dew, which are both citrus-flayoured soft drinks, taste practically no different. D. Not made by the same company, Sprite and Mountain Dew are different from one another in the amount of their citrus flayouring.
-211. David seems really ill at ease in front of all those people. A. David feels uncomfortable in front of all those people. B. David is easy to be ill because of all those people. C. David is ill because he stands in front of all those people. D. David feels comfortable in front of all those people. 2. To be quite honest, I can't stand the taste of cigarettes. A. In fact, I strongly dislike the taste of cigarettes. B. Honestly, cigarettes make me ill. C. Frankly, the taste of cigarettes doesn’t bother me. D. As a matter of fact, I prefer to be seated while smoking. 3. At the factory he likes people to let him have his own way. A. He likes people to think all good ideas are his own. B. He often needs the help of other people in his work, C. He doesn’t accept help from people he dislikes. D. He doesn’t like it when people tell him what to do. 4. An engineer must attempt to foresee possible misuses of a product by a consumer, and take this into account in his design. A. An engineer should never forget that his products will be misused and so he must make them as safe as possible. B. In designing a product, an engineer should remember that it will most likely be misused by consumers unless his design pi-events this. C. Engineers know that, however well a product has been designed, consumers will always find a way to misuse it. D. When designing a product an engineer should consider how a consumer might misuse it, and adjust the design accordingly. 5. Hardly are appeals allowed against the council's decision. A. The council always allows appeals against its decisions. B. It’s too hard for the council to allow appeals against its decisions, C. The council rarely allows appeals against its decisions. D. Allowing appeals against its decisions is not good. 6. Workers are not allowed to use the office phone for personal calls. A. They don’t let workers use the office phone. B. The office phone is supposed to be used by workers only, C. They don’t allow workers to make phone calls personally. D. Workers are not permitted to use the office phone for personal purpose.
7. People swimming here do so at their own risk.
B. He found the jewels in an old shack.
A. People may swim here without fear or risk.
C. Tied inside an old shack, the jewels was discovered by him.
B. Swimming is so risky here that it is forbidden.
D. Tied inside an old shack, he discovered the jewels.
C. People should realise that it is dangerous to swim here.
14. As soon as he waved his hand, she turned away.
D. Swimmers will not be blamed if anything happens to them here.
A. He waved his hand and at once she turned away.
8. During the early years of the American Revolution, Britain controlled the seas and its powerful fleet enabled it to blockade much of the coast and to strike wherever it chose.
B. He waved his hand at the same time as she did. C. He saw her turn away and he waved his hand.
A. Britain possessed such a powerful navy during the early years of the American Revolution that the Americans stood no chance against its blockades or the attacks made wherever the British wanted.
D. She turned away because he waved his hand too soon.
B. Since Britain had so many powerful warships, it was able to maintain control of the seas during the American Revolution by blocking access to the coast and making attacks. C. Since Britain dominated the seas at the beginning of the American Revolution, it was able to attack any place it wanted as well as blockade most of the coast using its strong fleet. D. Even though Britain had control of the seas, the Americans were able to defeat the British navy during the American Revolution through blockades and attacks. 9. They arrived too late to get good seats. A. They had to stand for the whole show. B. Although they were late they found some good seats, C. They got good seats some time after they arrived. D. When they arrived the good seats were already taken.
15. A real-life suicide epidemic in southern Turkey in the early nineties likely inspired Orhan Pamuk's novel Snow. A. The actual suicide cases in the south of Turkey in the early nineties must have deeply affected the author Orhan Pamuk, since he dealt with this as his theme in his novel Snow. B. When Orhan Pamuk heard about the mass suicides in southern Turkey during the early nineties, he was inspired to write the novel Snow based on the events. C. Orhan Pamuk was personally touched by a suicide in southern Turkey in the early 1990s and wrote about this event in his novel Snow. D. It is probable that it was an actual rash of suicides in the south of Turkey during the early 1990s that supplied Orhan Pamuk with the inspiration for his novel Snow. 16. Nothing but the whole story would satisfy Tim. A. Tim wouldn’t be satisfied with anything.
10. I might have taken French last semester if I'd known it was offered.
B. Tim insisted on being told the complete story, C. On the whole, Tim was satisfied with the story.
A. Someone offered to teach me French last semester.
D. Tim wanted to know just the end of the story.
B. I knew that French was not offered last semester, C. I didn’t take French last semester.
17. Most people get fewer colds in the summer than in the winter.
D. I took French the last semester it was offered.
A. People get colder in the summer than in the winter.
11. "Please accept my apology for arriving late," said Janet to her employer.
B. More people have summer colds than winter colds, C. A person is more likely to get a cold in winter.
A. Janet apologised to her employer for her late arrival.
D. The winter is much colder than the summer.
B. Janet thought she would apologise to her employer for arriving late, C. Janet quickly made an apology and the employer accepted it.
18. She always gets the right answer.
D. Janet had to make an apology because her employer demanded it. 12. After the very salty food we had, we were all dying of thirst, A. We were very thừsty after having the very salty food. B. We all died because we were too thứsty. C. The food was not salty enough for us to have. D. We all died because there was not enough food.
A. She never answers right. B. She is always right. C. She never fails to get the right answer. D. She fails to get the right answer all the time. 19. The students did not take to their new lecturer. A. The students didn’t understand what the new lecturer said.
13. He found the jewels while he was in an old shack.
B. The students didn’t follow the new lecturer, C. The new lecturer didn’t care for his students.
A. He discovered the jewels tied inside an old shack.
D. The new lecturer was unpopular with his students.
20. He makes 8 better husband than father.
B. We differ in opinions on the subject.
A. Fathers are usually good husbands.
C. We have the same opinions on the subject.
B. He is more successful as a husband than as a father, C. His father is better than her husband.
D. We are identical.
D. Pie tries to be a good husband and father.
A. Tony’s boss left the office for two days.
21. I hardly knew the people I was going to visit
B. Tony quit his job after two days.
A. I knew the people I was going to visit very well.
C. Tony’s boss agreed to take off for two days.
B. I was not sure whether I knew the people or not. C. I knew the people I was going to visit only slightly.
D. Tony took two days off from work.
D. The people I was going to visit were completely strangers.
28. That young man is bound to fail in this test.
22. Charlotte loves the look of her white wrought-iron garden chairs, although she knows that they are very uncomfortable to sit on.
27. Tony's boss gave him permission to take two days off.
A. Certainly, that young man will fail in this test. B. It would be impossible for that young man to fail this test. C. There is no way that young man can succeed in this test.
A. Even though she knows that they don’t look very nice and they are pretty uncomfortable, Charlotte loves the white wrought-ứon chairs in her garden.
D. Both A and C are correct.
B. It doesn’t bother Charlotte that she is uncomfortable while sitting on her white wrought-iron garden chaữs, because she loves them so much.
29. NuKitchers is a New-York-based company that delivers wholesome prepared meals, which they drop off every morning in a cooler bag.
C. Whenever Charlotte sits in the garden on her white wrought-iron chairs, she thinks that they look nice but that they are pretty uncomfortable.
A. Wien you vise NuKitchen in New York, you will learn how to prepare healthy foods out of the ingredients that are delivered to you every morning in cooler bags.
D. Charlotte is aware that it is not comfortable to sit on her white wrought-iron garden chairs, but she does love the fact that they look so nice that she loves.
B. There is a company based in New York called NuKitchen which will prepare and deliver healthy foods to you each morning in a cooler bag.
23. I travel by bus as a last resort.
C. NuKitchen cooler bags are delivered all over New York each morning with healthy food for people too busy to prepare their own meals.
A. I only travel by bus when there’re no other alternatives. B. I always travel by bus. C. I resort to bus when 1 am the last to come. D. Traveling by bus is my favorite. 24. I felt that it had been a mistake to write to him. A. I regretted having written to him. B. There was a mistake in the letter I wrote to him. C. I felt like making a mistake to write to him. D. I made a few mistakes when I wrote to him. 25. The situation was so embarrassing that she did not know what to do.
D. You can only use NuKitchen if you live in New York since they only deliver theứ healthy, ready-made meals within the city each morning using cooler bags. 30. Their problems are all self-inflicted. A. Their problems are of their own making. B. They don’t cause their own problems. C. They are thinking about them problems. D. All of their problems are well worth considering. 31. Steve liked the company of others. A. Steve found a club.
A. It was such an embarrassing situation; however, she did not know what to do.
B. Steve liked other people’s company better than his own. C. Steve founded a club.
B. So embarrassing was the situation that she did not know what to do. C. So embarrassing the situation was that she did not know what to do.
D. Steve liked the other company.
D. She did not know what to do, though it was not an embarrassing situation.
32. Fiona has been typing the report for an hour.
26. Our opinions on the subject are identical. A. There’s some difference in our opinions on the subject.
A. It took Fiona an hour to type the report. B. Fiona finished the report an hour ago. C. It is an hour since Fiona started typing the report.
D. Fiona will finish typing the report in an hour.
A. I wish I booked the seats in advance.
33. The film was so boring that I fell asleep.
B. I wish I have booked the seats in advance, C. If only I booked the seats in advance.
A. The film was interesting enough, but I fell asleep. B. I did not fall asleep even though the film was boring, C. I fell asleep because the film was boring.
D. If only I had booked the seats in advance. 40. After studying mathematics for two years, Peter changed his major to architecture.
D. The film was too long for me to watch.
A. Peter will study architecture now.
34. I took more time on the last question than I did on the first four. A. I answered only the first four questions.
B. Peter has studied architecture for two years, C. Peter has changed his major to mathematics.
B. I failed to get to the last question.
D. Peter cannot change his major.
C. I found the last question easier than the other questions.
41. The editor fired Ted for a careless disregard of the facts.
D. The last question was the most difficult for me.
A. The editor was jealous of Ted’s abilities.
35. Mary had to save for two years In order to have enough money for her vacation to Europe,
B, The editor promoted Ted for a job well done, C. Ted lost his job because of sloppy work.
A. Mary had lived in Europe for two years.
D. Ted was dissatisfied with his job and left.
B. Mary took a vacation to Europe two years ago.
42. They used to like skating.
C. Mary had to save for two years to earn enough money for a vacation to Europe.
A. They are skating now.
D. Mary did not go on vacation because she could not save enough money.
B. They aren’t used to skating, C. They get used to skating now.
36. Both dogs and cats have been domestic animals for millennia, yet in general, cats have retained their independent nature much more than dogs.
D. They liked skating in the past.
A. Cats, unlike dogs, have never become fully domestic, and so they have managed to preserve their independent spirit for millennia.
43. My doctor explained that burnout, a disabling exhaustion, is associated with prolonged working hours under stressful conditions.
B. Cats have generally remained more self-reliant than dogs, though both kinds of animal have been domesticated for thousands of years.
A. According to my doctor, burnout is associated with the stress of going for long hours without sleep.
C. Although neither animal has really been wild for millennia, cats have never been totally dependent on people like dogs.
B. Working long hours in a stressful envừonment has been linked to burnout, an extreme exhaustion, according to what my doctor said.
D. Dogs and cats are both domestic animals that have kept their independent nature ever since they were domesticated thousands of years ago.
C. Burnout from stress is a very common ailment among people who work long, stressful hours and results in utter exhaustion.
37. The holiday wouldn't have cost so much if they hadn't gone abroad.
D. My doctor worries that too many people are working too hard and suffering from burnout, which causes one to become extremely fatigued.
A. The holiday cost as much as a foreign holiday would have cost. B. They didn’t go abroad for the holiday and didn’t spend much, C. They had a holiday abroad at a very low cost.
44. If George keeps studying as he has been, he'll have no trouble passing his exams. A. George will not pass his exams because he is not studying.
D. They went abroad for the holiday and spent a lot.
B. George has trouble passing his exams, C. George has passed his exams.
38. In the class of twenty, Jeanne is the third best student.
D. George is studying hard to pass his exams.
A. Two students are smarter than Jeanne. B. The class has only three smart students, C. No other student is as smart as Jeanne. D. Jeanne is not as smart as most of the other students. 39. I regret not booking the seats in advance.
45. He went down with flu as soon as he recovered from bronchitis. A. He caught flu just before he recovered from bronchitis. B. No sooner had he recovered from bronchitis than he went down with flu. C. He recovered from bronchitis soon after he went down with flu.
D. He caught flu and bronchitis at the same time. 46. It won't be long before her husband comes back. A. Her husband will come back later than planned.
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B. Her husband will be returning quite soon.
1. As long as you stay calm, you will pass your driving test.
C. There’s likelihood that her husband won’t return soon.
A. It takes so long to do a driving test.
D. Possibly, her husband won’t come back as soon as he wants.
B. You have to practice long enough to pass your driving test, C. Keeping calm is the secret of passing your driving test.
47. Even though she doesn't have to work for a living, Stella does because she grew up with a work ethic in a family that worked every day.
D. Both A and c are correct.
A. Stella grew up in a family of workaholics, so she is also a workaholic and she works long hours even though she has plenty of money to live on.
2. I'd rather do nothing than watch old films on television.
B. Stella works very hard for herself and her family because she wants to be wealthy one day so that she won’t have to work any more.
B. Watching old films on television is enjoyable, C. There are few old films on television.
C. Because Stella grew up in a family that worked every day, they made enough money for her to live her life without ever having to work.
D. Old televisions and old watches are worth nothing.
D. Stella has enough money to live on, yet she continues to work, since her family, by working regularly, instilled a work ethic in her. 48. A good book review lets you know whether it's the sort of book you want to read or not. A. You can understand from a good book review whether or not it’s the kind of book you enjoy. B. One ought to be able to understand from a book review which books are worth reading. C. The prime function of any book review should be to establish whether or not a book is worth reading. D. According to book reviews, all books are worth reading. 49. Had we left any later, we would have missed the train. A. We almost missed the train. B. We left too late to catch the train, C. The train left late. D. Because the train was late we had no trouble catching it.
A. I dislike watching old films on television.
3. With the exception of the music teacher every member of the staff attended the farewell party. A. The music teacher was the only member of the staff not to attend the farewell party. B. The music teacher was very exceptional at the farewell party. C. All the staff members including the music teacher attended the farewell party. D. All of the above are correct. 4. Body language can often communicate messages to people around you just based on now you stand or employ your hands, without using any words. A. Without your knowledge, you can tell people things based solely on how you point at them or in which direction you face when standing. B. With no speaking at all, it is usually possible to convey messages to those around you simply in the manner in which you stand or use your hands. C. People who can’t speak often rely on hand gestures and other body language to communicate with the people standing around them.
50. "I will not leave until I see the manager," said the customer.
D. You can use your hands and stance to send secret messages to the people around you.
A. The customer was persuaded to see the manager before leaving.
5. Much to our astonishment, he soon proved himself to be a very talented organiser.
B. The customer said he would leave before he saw the manager. C. The customer refused to leave until he saw the manager.
A. The speed with which he developed his administrative potential didn’t surprise us all.
D. The customer decided to leave because he did not see the manager.
B. The astonishing thing was that such a talented man should take on the organisation. C. Kis organising abilities were surprisingly enough not recognised until too late. D. It wasn’t long before his administrative gifts became apparent, which surprised us greatly. 6. You won't have a seat unless you book In advance. A. You won’t have a seat because you didn’t book in advance. B. You will have a seat if you keep your book in front of you. C. You may have a seat if you book in advance. D. You can’t have a seat although you book in advance.
7. You'll have to tell him in the end; and the longer you put off doing so the harder it's going to toe. A. He’ll have to be notified about it, and the sooner the better.
A. Many famous theatres are located in New York’s Times Square. B. Times Square is the name of a well-known theatre in New York. C. New York is in the centre of Times Square.
B. You can’t keep him in the dark about it for ever, and telling him will get harder the longer you wait.
D. Many theatres in central New York are open all the time.
C. Surely it’s better to let him know now than to wait until he finds out for himself.
14. Tom would sooner do without a car than pay all that money for one.
D. You never can keep things secret for long, so the best is to tell him about it soon. 8. Although Christopher was the stronger of the two, his attacker soon overpowered him. A. Despite his superior strength, Christopher was soon overpowered by his attacker. B. Christopher was weaker, but he overpowered his attacker, C. Christopher lost because he had no power. D. Christopher’s attacker was too weak to defeat him. 9. His dog is definitely not a bloodhound. A. His dog smells bad. B. His dog smells definitely good. C. His dog smells badly. D. His dog cannot smell blood. 10. It would have been kind of William to help Janet with her homework. A. William helped Janet although he didn’t want to do so. B. Janet needed help and William was kind enough to give it. C. William politely offered to help, but Janet refused the offer. D. William didn’t help Janet with her homework.
A. Tom is soon going to buy a car. B. Tom thinks the price is right, but he can’t afford it. C. Tom would never buy a car that costs so much. D. Tom thinks the price is too high, but he must have the car. 15. Henderson, Nevada, has become a suburb of Las Vegas, but during World War II it was where the army had a large magnesium plant. A. Of all the residential districts located on the outskirts of Las Vegas, Henderson, Nevada, is the most famous - since the army had a magnesium factory there during World War II. B. Even though it is near Las Vegas, there is nothing of interest to see in Henderson, Nevada, apart from some old army buildings which were used as a magnesium plant during World War II. C. Since World War II, the army has been using Henderson, Nevada, as a base for its magnesium factory, but the area has also since become a residential district of Las Vegas. D. During World War II, the army used Henderson, Nevada, as a base for a huge magnesium factory, but the place is today a residential district located on the outskirts of Las Vegas. 16. He could have gone by bus and so saved a lot of money. A. He wouldn’t have saved much if he had taken the bus. B. He would have gone by bus if he had saved money for the fare, C. He travelled by bus, and it didn’t cost him much.
11. Duristg competition, figure skaters are awarded points based on how well they execute the maneuvers as well as on artistic merit.
D. He would have spent less money if he had travelled by bus.
A. In competitive figure skating, skaters earn points in the areas of how they perform both technically and artistically.
17. Nora went to the gas station to have her tank filled.
B. In figure skating, judges award more points to the skaters whose technical skills are better than their artistic merits.
B. Nora had her gas tank filled with gasoline.
C. If you are a figure skater in a competition, you should make sure that you do many difficult maneuvers in order to win the highest points.
D. Nora is going to the gas station to pick up her tank.
D. Even if you perform a very artistic figure skating program, you won’t win enough points if it doesn’t have enough difficult moves. 12. What you have been saying is beside the point. A. You was honest to have said like that. B. You have talked too much.
A. Nora’s car is being repaired at the gas station. C. Nora is going to the gas station to pick up her car. 18. To my surprise, the stranger knew my name. A. It surprised the stranger that I knew my name B. What surprised me most was the stranger’s name. C. I was surprised that the stranger knew my name. D. My name was the only thing the stranger knew.
C. What you have been saying is quite irrelevant.
19. It is no use expecting someone else to find a job for him; he must do something about It himself.
D. What you have been saying is beyond my expectation.
A. You shouldn’t expect anyone else to accept a job you aren’t willing to take on yourself.
13. Times Square is the centre of many well-known theatres in New York.
B. He shouldn’t expect others to give up their jobs for him.
26. I have every intention of finding out who is responsible for the graffiti.
C. As he doesn’t want the job himself he might as well let someone else have it. D. He never will get a job unless he sets about getting one himself and not leaving it to others.
A. I fully intend to find out who is responsible for the graffiti.
20. If only I had takers his advice.
B. I have many intentions of finding out who is responsible for the graffiti. C. Who is responsible for the graffiti is nọt my concern.
A. I wish I followed his advice.
D. I am not interested in the graffiti.
B. I wish I have taken his advice, C. I regret not to take his advice.
27. You may see the ballet any night but Sunday, when there is a matinee performance.
D. I regret not having taken his advice.
A. There is performance of the ballet on Sunday.
21. Nobody is to blame for the fact that the meeting was cancelled.
B. The ballet is performed six nights a week, C. The ballet is performed twice on Sunday.
A. Everybody is responsible for the cancelled meeting.
D. You can see a matinee performance of the ballet any night.
B. Nobody should be held responsible for the fact that the meeting was cancelled.
28. Their chances of success are small.
C. It’s nobody’s fault that the meeting was cancelled.
A. It’s very likely that they will succeed.
D. Both B and c are correct.
B. They will definitely be successful.
22. I believe that she can't have been ignorant of the company’s dirty connections, though she strongly denied knowing anything about them.
C. It’s not very likely that they will succeed.
A. She swore she didn’t know anything about the dishonourable contacts of the company, but I don’t believe that she has been unaware of them.
D. They won’t have any chance of being successful. 29. Although David enjoyed his trip to New York, he was a bit worried about looking at his bank balance as he couldn't work out how much he had spent.
B. She denied any connection with the company’s disreputable operations so strongly that I began to believe that she really was unaware of what had been happening there.
A. After his wonderful visit to New York, David got worried when he looked at his bank balance because he wasn’t aware that he had spent so much.
C. I don’t care whether she admits to it or not, because I’m sure that she was somehow involved in the dishonourable connections of the company.
B. If David had not been so extravagant with his money on his fantastic trip to New York, then he wouldn’t have been at all nervous about looking at his bank balance.
D. She pretended not to know anything about the dirty things the company had been performing, but I knew she was aware of what was happening there.
C. David’s New York visit was so expensive that, although he enjoyed it, he didn’t want to look at his new bank balance at all.
23. It was kind of Jane to send me flowers when I was sick.
D. Though David’s New York visit had been pleasurable, he was a little nervous about seeing how much he had spent by looking at his bank balance.
A. I was kind enough to send Jane flowers. B. I did not receive any flowers from Jane, C. Jane was ill, so I sent her flowers.
30. What a surprise to see you here!
D. I appreciate Jane’s sending me flowers when I was ill.
B. Fancy seeing you here!
24. Jane exchanged the shoes for a different pair.
C. Surprisingly, you are here!
A. Jane returned the shoes and took some pants instead.
D. Seeing you here is no surprise to me!
B. Jane took the shoes back tó the store and got some different ones, C. One of Jane’s shoes didn’t fit properly so she returned them both.
31. Friendly though he may seem, he's not to be trusted.
D. Because of a problem with the heel of her shoes, Jane returned them.
A. Nice to see you here!
A. However friendly he seems, he’s not to be trusted.
25. No one has seen Linda since the day of the party.
B. However he seems friendly, he’s not to be trusted, C. He may have friends, but he’s not to be trusted.
A. Linda has not been seen since the day of the party.
D. He’s too friendly to be trusted.
B. Linda is nowhere to be seen at the party, C. The party is going on without Linda.
32. Both Mary's children go to nursery while she takes classes at the university.
D. No one has seen Linda for ages.
A. Mary works at a nursery.
B. Mary’s children are sick.
39. Peter wouldn't mind another camping holiday in Spain.
C. Mary takes her children to the university with her.
A. Peter doesn’t remember much about his camping holiday in Spain.
D. Mary’s children stay in a nursery while she goes to the university.
B. Peter thinks he would enjoy a camping holiday in Spain again. C. Peter certainly wouldn’t go to Spain for another camping holiday.
33. The mothers of the dead soldiers demanded to know why their sons had been sent off to fight for the interests of national oil companies.
D. Peter wants to go to Spain for another kind of holiday.
A. Although they thought it was probably for the interests of the country’s oil companies, the mothers of the dead soldiers demanded to be told the reason for certain.
40. Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec's circle in Paris included some of the most famous artists of his day.
B. The dead soldiers’ mothers demanded to know why their sons had become interested in fighting for the country’s oil companies.
A. Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec became famous because of his circle in Paris.
C. Although their dead sons had gone off to fight for the national oil companies, the mothers were interested in learning how they had died.
C. Some of Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec’s friends in Paris were exceptionally well- known artists.
D. The mothers of the soldiers who had been killed angrily asked why their sons had gone to war for the sake of the national oil companies.
B. Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec became one of the most famous artists of the Paris of his time. D. Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec went to all the finest circles to meet some of the most famous artists in Paris.
34. Mrs. Scott prides herself on her beauty.
41. Even if Richard had arrived on time, it's doubtful if he could have found somewhere to park his car.
A. Mrs. Scott’s beauty fills her with pride.
A. I think he could hardly have found any place to park even if he had arrived on time.
B. Mrs. Scott doesn’t take any pride in her beauty. C. Mrs. Scott is very proud of her beauty.
B. Richard didn’t arrive on time, otherwise he would definitely have found somewhere to park.
D. Both A and c are correct. 35. He didn’t hurry so he missed the plane. A. If he hurried he wouldn’t miss the plane. B. If he had hurried he might catch the plane. C. He didn’t miss the plane because he hurried. D. If he had hurried he could have caught the plane. 36. Walking on the grass in the park is not permitted. A. People like walking on the grass in the park. B. We do not have to walk on the grass in the park. C. We must not walk on the grass in the park. D. You can walk on the grass in the park if you want to. 37. "If only I'd learnt to drive," Roger said. A. Roger thinks there are too many drivers on the roads. B. Roger is glad he learnt to drive. C. Roger wishes he could drive. D. Roger is sorry that he ever learnt to drive. 38. His wages are small, and so are his needs. A. He needs more money than he makes. B. He lives on little money. C. He spends more money than he has. D. He wants a raise in salary.
C. Without doubt, he arrived on time. D. If Richard had arrived on time, he could have found a place to park his car. 42. He acts as though nothing matters to him. A. He acts when there’s no matter for him. B. He acts although nothing matters to him. C. He seems not to care about anything. D. Nothing matters to him when he acts. 43. Sarah didn't attend the history lecture, and neither did George. A. Sarah and George didn’t go to the history lecture. B. Did George attend the history lecture with Sarah? C. Did Sarah see George at the history lecture? D. Either Sarah or George attended the history lecture. 44. This affair does not concern you. A. This affair is not interesting B. This affair is no business of yours. C. Don’t do this affair. D. Your concern is to do this affair. 45. Shouldn't you smoke fewer cigarettes? A. Do you think you should smoke fewer? B. You shouldn’t smoke fewer cigarettes, should you? C. Should you smoke more cigarettes?
D. Shouldn’t you cut down on your smoking? 46. "I have lost my passport," said Mary. A. Mary said she had lost her passport.
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B. Mary said her passport was new. C. Mary told me to take her passport.
1. Throughout history, people have helped the needy, but social work didn't begin in an organized fashion until the 19th century.
D. Mary advised me not to lose my passport.
A. When people started helping the needy during the 19th century, social work began to be organized.
47. In addition to being trained to the peak of physical perfection, many athletes are also tempted to use illegal performance-enhancing drugs. A. Having trained so hard, not many athletes want to risk their careers by the unethical use of performance-enhancing drugs. B. Athletes are rigorously trained to perform at their best, yet quite a few also want to break the law by using performance-enhancing drugs. C. Competing against others who have trained as hard as they have, many athletes find that performance-enhancing drugs give them the edge that they need for victory. D. The use of illegal performance-enhancing drugs has become a big problem among those top athletes who have hardly trained at all. 48. Some people will go arty lengths to lose weight.
B. Since history began, the needy have been helped by others, yet not until the 19th century was social work organized. C. The beginning of organized social work came in the 19th century, shortly after the rich started helping the poor. D. Social work organizations, which help look after the poor, were badly organized before the beginning of the 19th century. 2. No matter how hard Fred tried to lose weight, he did not succeed. A. It did not matter whether Fred could lose weight. B. However hard Fred tried, he could not lose weight, C. Fred tried very hard to lose weight and succeeded.
A. Some people will do anything to lose weight.
D. It was hard for Fred to lose weight because he never succeeded.
B. Some people haven't lost any weight for a long time, C. Losing weight is a long way for some people.
3. Mary must have forgotten about our meeting.
D. Some people find it hard to lose weight.
B. It seems that Mary forgot about our meeting, C. Mary is not attending our meeting.
49. The students heeded the instructions of the teacher and took their places in the first two rows.
A. Mary never forgets our meeting.
D. Mary has to come to our meeting.
A. The students failed to understand the teachers instructions.
4. I would rather you stopped talking about her.
B. The students exchanged seats with the teacher, C. The students followed the teacher’s instructions.
A. I would rather stop talking about her.
D. The students sat in the first row, but not in the second.
B. I would rather you not talk about her. C. I want you to talk about her.
50. "All right, Jenny, you may pay for the coffee if you insist."
D. I prefer you not to talk about her any more.
A. Jenny wants to pay for the coffee.
5. The news of her marriage caused us ho little surprise.
B. Jenny would pay if she had enough money, C. Jenny is being asked to pay for the coffee.
A. We were not surprised when she married.
D. It’s Jenny’s duty to pay for the coffee.
B. We knew she had married but were still surprised, C. Her marriage did surprise us a little. D. We were greatly surprised when we heard she had married. 6. At the same time as tile-making in Iznik was declining, the trade in Kutahya was growing. A. Demand for tiles has fallen in Iznik, but has at the same time increased in Kutahya. B. Both Iznik and Kutahya are famous as tile-making centres, but the craft became popular in Kutahya much later than in Iznik. C. Tile-making as a craft grew in Iznik and Kutahya, but later it declined in both towns for unknown reasons.
D. While fewer and fewer craftsmen were producing tiles in Iznik, more and more people were taking up the business in Kutahya.
rather than to attend his biology class.
7. It's a pity that my brother hates to study.
B. Brett attended both his biology and physics class, C. Brett attended only his physics class.
A. Whenever my brother studies he feels sorry.
A. Brett attended only his biology class.
B. What a pity that my brother did not study, C. It is too bad that my brother hates to study.
D. Brett didn’t attend any of his classes due to the rain.
D. I pity my brother loving to study.
A. Alice will leave London for vacation.
8. Bill had his car serviced the other day. A. Bill had serviced his car the other day.
B. Alice will go to London after her exams are over, C. Alice will leave London in order to take her exams.
B. Somebody serviced Bill’s car the other day.
D. Alice will go back to London.
C. Bill had somebody to service his car the other day.
15. Istanbul is undeniably an old city, yet when Istanbul was founded, Jerusalem was as old as Istanbul is now.
D. Bill had to service his car the other day. 9. I haven't got money, so I'm not going on holiday. A. Having no money made me go on holiday. B. Not having money on my holiday got me down, C. If I have money, I’ll go on holiday. D. If I had money, I would go on holiday.
14. Alice will leave for London as soon as she finishes her exams.
A. Since Jerusalem is a very ancient city, Istanbul doesn’t really seem so old when you compare them. B. Jerusalem and Istanbul are both ancient cities, and have both been around for a very long time. C. It’s undeniable that Jerusalem is a very ancient city, but it’s only about half as old as the city of Istanbul.
10. Linda was told that unless she came to work regularly, she would lose her job.
D. Istanbul is indeed an ancient city; however, the city of Jerusalem is about twice as old as Istanbul is.
A. Linda wasn’t going to work because she had lost her job.
16. "I am going to Paris next week," said Jim.
B. Linda had lost her job because she was often absent from work, C. Linda hadn’t yet lost her job. D. Linda went to work regularly. 11. Native Americans have always struggled to protect their culture from the onslaught of Western influence. A. It has been an ongoing fight for the American Indians to keep their way of life from becoming westernized. B. It is not easy to be a Native American living in a westernized world that offers no shelter from the difficulties of modern life. C. American Indians have been attacking Europeans for decades in the hopes of keeping their world unchanged.
A. Jim said that he was going to Paris the following week. B. Jim invited me to Paris with him the following week, C. Jim told me to go to Paris next week. D. I am going to Paris next week with Jim, 17. Dave had to take a cut in pay to keep from Hosing his job. A. Dave’s salary was lowered. B. Dave lost his job and had to cut pay. C. Dave had an accident on the job. D. Dave was given a salary increase. 18. She did not study hard enough to win the scholarship. A. She studied hard but she could not win the scholarship.
D. Millions of American Indians were slaughtered after the European invasion which followed their discovery of the continent.
B. Winning the scholarship did not make her study harder.
12. Be sure to get me some newspapers.
C. She could have won the scholarship if she had studied harder.
A. I am not sure about the newspapers.
D. It was very hard for her to win the scholarship.
B. I certainly will get you some newspapers.
19. I should have studied last night, but I was too tired.
C. Surely I am going to get me some newspapers.
A. I couldn’t study last night because I was very tired.
D. Remember to get me some newspapers.
B. I studied last night because I had to.
13. Brett sat through his physics class in his rain-soaked clothes, but decided to go home
C. I tried to study last night but the material was too hard.
A. Ms. Sally gave the class an assignment.
D. I studied last night because I was bored.
B. Ms. Sally gave the students a hand with their assignments, C. Ms. Sally asked the students to give their assignments to her.
20. Although the ages at which certain capacities develop vary widely among individuals, the order in which they appear remains relatively constant.
D. Ms. Sally asked the students to raise their hands if they wanted to ask a question.
A. Not all people can possess the same abilities, for there are individual differences resulting from their ages.
27. When you choose your career, it is important to match your skills with your interests and your personality.
B. It’s true that almost all people develop the same abilities, but these abilities may come out at different ages.
A. You ought to decide on a profession in which your skills coincide with your personality and interests.
C. The age when certain abilities develop may greatly differ from person to person, but they emerge in almost the same order.
B. Your talents reflect your interests and character and this is of significance when deciding on a job.
D. A large variety of capacities develop almost at the same age, though they vary greatly in that they may have a different order from person to person.
C. You cannot decide upon your future until you have assessed how well your skills go with your ambition.
21. Twenty years ago this region produced twice as much coal as it does now.
D. It is necessary to have hobbies and character, as well as talents, if you wish to follow your ambitions.
A. Coal production in this region has been halved in the last twenty years. B. Coal production in this region has doubled in the last twenty years, C. More coal is produced now in this region than twenty years ago.
28. Mr. Bridges is by far the richest man I know.
D. This region has produced more coal now than twenty years ago.
B. Mr. Bridges is one of many very rich men I know, C. Mr. Bridges is richer than all his friends.
22. Jane refused to attend his birthday party, which made him feel sad. A. Jane’s refusal to attend his birthday party made him feel sad. B. He felt sad not to be able to attend her birthday party. C. Jane made him sad despite her refusal to attend his birthday party D. Jane refused to attend his birthday party because it made him sad. 23. The older he grew, the more forgetful he became. A. He grew older when he became more forgetful. B. He became more forgetful and older. C. As he grew older, he became more and more forgetful. D. He grew older and more and more forgetful. 24. I daren't torn on the television because the baby might wake up. A. I want to turn on the television to wake the baby up.
A. Mr. Bridges is the richest man in my country.
D. Mr. Bridges is much richer than anyone else I know. 29. Another explosion occurred seconds after the first. A. There were three explosions. B. The first explosion occurred in the cellar, C. The first explosion was louder than the second. D. Two explosions occurred in rapid succession. 30. Had we left any later, we would have missed the train. A. We left too late to catch the train. B. We almost missed the train. C. Because the train was late, we missed it. D. The train did not arrive late.
B. I daren’t turn on the television for fear of waking the baby up. C. The noise from the television was so loud that the baby woke up.
31. The Grand Bazaar was constructed shortly after Istanbul was conquered in 1453, but until 1481 it was not open to the public,
D. Turn on the television, please.
A. It was only in 1481 that the public was allowed to use the Grand Bazaar, which was built soon after the conquest of Istanbul in 1453.
25. I had to stand in line for two hours to get first-row seat for the performance. A. The performance lasted two hours.
B. The public wasn’t able to use the Grand Bazaar, which was built just after the conquest of Istanbul in 1453, until quite some time after its completion in 1481.
B. The man got a seat in the front row. C. The man got a seat in the second row.
C. Soon after the conquest of Istanbul in 1453, the construction of the Grand Bazaar started, but it was not until 1481 that it was completed and opened to the public.
D. The man failed to get a ticket to the performance.
D. When the Grand Bazaar was completed and opened to the public in 1481, its construction had been going on since 1453, the year when Istanbul was conquered.
26. Ms. Sally asked the students to hand in their assignments.
32. Harry spent five hours knocking on doors, but he did not sell a single magazine.
Pakistan would likely be a very different kind of country.
A. Harry sold no magazine even though he spent five hours knocking on doors.
D. A very different Pakistan would have emerged if Mohammed All Jinnah had not died only a few years after he had created it.
B. Harry sold only one magazine. C. Harry has never sold as many magazines as he sold today. D. Harry sold five magazines at one house. 33. The private was reprimanded by the major and was shaking with fear. A. Shaking with fear, the major reprimanded the private. B. Reprimanding the private, the major was shaking with fear, C. Shaking with fear, the private was reprimanded by the major. D. Reprimanding the major, the private was shaking with fear. 34. She prefers going to the library to staying at home A. She would rather go to the library than stay at home. B. She likes nothing better than going to the library. C. She does not like either going to the library or staying at home. D. She stays at home instead of going to the library. 35. His reactions are quite unpredictable. A. One always knows how he will react. B. Everybody can know what his reactions will be. C. Nobody knows how he is going to react. D. All of the above are correct. 36. Jill was walking to school when she found the purse. A. Jill was walking to school with her purse. B. Jill bought the purse when she was walking to school, C. Jill found the purse on the way to school. D. Jill found the purse at the school. 37. Why don't we go to see a film tonight? A. Why is the film not shown tonight? B. We are not going to see a film tonight C. We do not usually go to see a film at night.
39. Much as I admire her achievements, I don't really like her. A. I don’t really like her because I don’t admire her achievements. B. I don’t really like her, even though I admire her achievements, C. Whatever her achievements, I admire her. D. I like her achievements, so I admire her. 40. At the bank, Bill is second in command. A. Bill used to work for a bank, but now he is in the army. B. Bill’s boss is first in command at the bank, C. Bill holds the top position in the bank. D. Bill dislikes his work at the bank. 41. "John left here an hour ago," said Jane. A. Jane told me that John had left there an hour before. B. Jane said John left here an hour before. C. Jane told John to have left there an hour before. D. Jane told me that John to leave there an hour before. 42. I doubt he'll have reached his office yet. A. He plans to keep away from his office today. B. He’s probably still on the way to his office. C. He probably stopped somewhere before he reached his office. D. He must have arrived at his office by now. 43. The lighthouse at the Marmara Sea entrance to the Bosphorus was commissioned in 1865 by Sultan Abdulmecid and was built by the French. A. If the French hadn’t agreed to build it in 1865, Sultan Abdulinecid couldn’t have afforded the lighthouse which stands at the Marmara Sea entrance to the Bosphorus. B. The French built the lighthouse for ships entering the Bosphorus from the Mannara Sea in 1865 as a dedication to Sultan Abdulmecid.
D. Let’s go to see a film tonight.
C. Influenced by the French, who wanted to build a lighthouse at the entrance to the Bosphorus from the Marmara Sea, Sultan Abdulmecid approved construction in 1865.
38. If Mohammed All Jinnah hadn't died a year after founding Pakistan, the country would probably be very different today.
D. The French built the lighthouse which stands at the Marmara Sea entrance to the Bosphorus when Sultan Abdulmecid contracted them to do so in 1865.
A. When Pakistan was founded by Mohammed Ali Jinnah, who died only a year later, the country was a very different one to how it is now.
44. It's thought that the accident was caused by human error.
B. Had Mohammed Ali Jinnah not died so soon after creating Pakistan, the country would definitely be in a much better shape today.
B. Humans’ thoughtlessness caused the accident.
C. Mohammed All Jinnah founded Pakistan and died just the following year; if he hadn’t, today
A. The accident took place because of thoughtlessness. C. The accident is thought to have been caused by human error.
D. The accident is thought to cause human error. 45. If only you had told me the truth about the theft. A. You should have told me the truth about the theft.
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B. Only if you had told me the truth about the theft.
1. "That's a lovely new dress, Jean," said her mother.
C. Had you told me the truth, there wouldn’t have been any theft.
A. Jean’s mother said she liked her dress.
D. You only told me the truth if there was a theft.
B. Jean’s mother wanted to buy a lovely new dress.
46. George said, "Peter may have written to Mary."
C. Jean’s mother complimented her on the lovely new dress.
A. George knew that Peter had written.
D. Jeans mother told her to buy that lovely new dress.
B. George meant that Peter hadn’t written.
2. She stopped asking for advice on how to lose weight.
C. George wasn’t sure if Peter had written or not.
A. She stopped to ask for advice on how to lose weight.
D. George said that Peter could write if he wanted to.
B. She gave up asking for advice on how to lose weight.
47. Just before his death, George Plimpton wrote an opera for children called Animal Tales, and his widow is looking for funding to get it produced.
C. She stopped and asked for advice on how to lose weight.
A. The funding for George Plimpton’s children’s opera, Animal Tales, ran out before he died, so now his wife is trying to get it produced. B. George Plimpton’s wife is trying to raise money to produce her late husband’s opera for children, Animal Tales, which he wrote a short time before he passed away. C. Since there aren’t many operas for children, George Plimpton’s widow is determined to find funding to produce Animal Tales, which her husband had written just before he died.
D. She stopped because she wanted advice on how to lose weight. 3. We played too well to be worried by our defeat. A. We played well but lost the match. B. We didn’t play well and lost the match, C. We didn’t play well but won the match. D. We played well and won the match.
D. Just before he passed away, George Plimpton had written an opera for children called Animal Tales, and now his widow has managed to raise enough funds to get it produced.
4. The easiest way to find any destination in the city is to find the neighbourhood you want and then ask someone on the street
48. You're under no obligation to accept their offer.
A. Since it is so easy to get lost in such a big city, rather than trying to find an address on your own, you should ask someone who is familiar with the neighbourhood for dừections.
A. You’re obliged to accept their offer B. You’re not obliged to accept their offer at all. C. You can please yourself whether to accept their offer or not.
B. If you are in a strange neighbourhood, it can be difficult to find an address if you don’t have someone in the area give you directions.
D. Both B and C are correct.
C. People on the street are usually very helpful when you ask them for directions in the neighbourhood where you are lost.
49. The price of the room for two is twenty-five dollars, but with one extra person, it'll be twenty-nine dollars,
D. When you are trying to find a certain location within the city, it is best first to go to the general area, and then ask for directions from someone there.
A. An extra person costs five dollars more.
5. Sophie exchanged the shoes for a different pair.
B. An extra person costs two dollars more, C. An extra person costs four dollars more. D. An extra person costs nine dollars more.
A. One of Sophie’s shoes did not fit, so she returned them both. B. Because of a problem with the heel of the shoes, Sophie returned the shoes, C. Sophie took the shoes back to the store and got different ones.
50. Soil erosion is the result of forests being cut down carelessly.
D. Sophie returned the shoes and took a pair of trousers instead.
A. That forests are being cut down carelessly results from soil erosion.
6. Pete doesn't care if Tony leaves or stays.
B. Soil erosion contributes to forests being cut down carelessly, C. Soil erosion results in forests being cut down carelessly.
A. Whatever Tony does is all right with Pete.
D. That forests are being cut down carelessly leads to soil erosion.
C. Tony will stay, but Pete wants him to leave.
B. Pete wants Tony to stay.
D. Tony wants to leave unless Pete stays.
A. Someone has run off to get our tickets.
7. "Why didn't you follow my advice?" he said.
B. Our tickets have been stolen.
A. He asked me to follow his advice.
C. Our tickets have been picked up by someone.
B. He asked me not to follow his advice.
D. Someone has destroyed our tickets.
C. He asked me why I did follow his advice.
14. The hurricane blew the roof off the house.
D. He asked me why I hadn’t followed his advice.
A. The hurricane was too weak to blow off the roof of the house.
8. It's unlikely to rain this afternoon.
B. The hurricane put the roof back onto the house, C. The house was blown away by the hurricane.
A. The afternoon looks like being dry. B. There’s no chance of rain this afternoon, C. The afternoon will probably be wet. D. It will rain this afternoon. 9. The play should have begun at eight but the curtain didn't rise until half past eight. A. The play began at eight-thirty. B. The play began at eight, C. The play began at nine. D. The play began at seven-thirty.
D. The house had its roofs blown off during the hurricane. 15. The office in which the American President works is not located in the White House proper, but is in the building for executive offices, commonly called the West Wing. A. What is often referred to as the West Wing is the part of the White House proper where the executive offices, including the President’s, are located. B. All the executive offices are located in a separate building close to the White House, while the President’s office is within the White House itself. C. The West Wing, as it is typically referred to, is where executive offices, including the American President’s, are found, and actually, it is not within the White House.
10. He was such a bright student that he could solve all the math problems.
D. The original name for the executive and Presidential offices in the White House was the West Whig, but now this is just used for the executive ones.
A. He was not bright enough to solve all the math problems
16. She complains far too often for my liking.
B. The math problems were too difficult for him to solve.
A. I like her because she complains too often.
C. He was so intelligent that he could solve all the math problems.
B. Her complaints are far too frequent for my liking, C. I like her frequent complaints.
I). All the math problems were so bright that he could solve them. 11. What makes English a very difficult language for native Turkish speakers to learn is its complete reversal of sentence structure from that of their own language.
D. She likes complaining. I do, too. 17. It's ages since I last saw a Hollywood film.
A. Native Turkish speakers often have a hard time learning English since they change the sentence structure around.
A. I saw a last Hollywood film since ages ago.
B. For native Turkish speakers, English is really hard to learn because the order of an English sentence is just the opposite of a Turkish sentence.
C. I haven’t seen any Hollywood film before.
C. An English sentence is formed in a different way than a Turkish sentence, so it’s one of the hardest languages for native Turkish speakers to learn. D. Native Turkish speakers find it almost impossible to learn English because of the differences between the word orders of both languages. 12. Although Mr. Pike was seriously ill, he still composed nice pieces of music.
B. I haven’t seen a Hollywood film for a long time. D. It’s ages because I last saw a Hollywood film. 18. The man wore gloves in order not to leave any fingerprints. A. The man wore gloves in order that his fingerprints would be taken. B. His fingerprints would not be left unless the man wore gloves, C. In order to leave some fingerprints the man took off his gloves.
A. Mr. Pike’s pieces of music were very serious.
D. The man wore gloves so that he would not leave any fingerprints.
B. Mr. Pike did not compose any nice piece of music because he was seriously ill. C. Despite his serious illness, Mr. Pike still composed nice pieces of music.
19. Because of working hard, she fell ill.
D. Mr. Pike was too ill to compose music. 13. Someone has run off with our tickets.
A. She did not work, so she fell ill. B. She was too ill to work hard.
C. She worked so hard that she fell ill.
C. The man were seen in a parking lot.
D. She was not ill although she worked hard.
D. The man had been seen in a parking lot.
20. I find your grammar and organization above average, John, but your spelling could stand some improvement,
26. He can hardly understand this matter because he's too young.
A. John’s writing is only average.
A. This matter is too hard for him to understand.
B. John’s organization is poor.
B. Hardly can he understand this matter because he’s too young, C. The matter is difficult but he can understand it.
C. John misspells too many words.
D. He is young, but he can understand this matter.
D. John can’t stand to write.
27. I didn't arrive in time to see her.
21. Had it not beers for the attendance of a famous film star, the party couldn't have been a success,
A. I arrived late to see her.
A. The only reason the party was a success was that a famous film star attended.
B. T wasn’t on time and she had left, C. I didn’t arrive so I couldn’t see her.
B. The film star didn’t attend, so the party' was a failure.
D. I wasn’t early enough to see her.
C. If the famous film star hadn’t attended, the party could have been a success.
28. If interest rates are cut, the economic situation may improve.
D. The party was successful without the attendance of the famous film star.
A. There’s no doubt that the economic situation will improve as a result of the reduction in interest rates.
22. One-third of the babies born to mothers who drink heavily, especially during the first three months of pregnancy, have birth defects. A. Alcohol can be fatal to an unborn baby if its mother drinks a lot, and the risk is one-third higher during the first three months of the pregnancy. B. If a pregnant woman drinks during the first three months of pregnancy, the risks are one-third greater that the child will be born deformed than if she doesn’t. C. Doctors have been able to prove the link between pregnant mothers drinking alcohol and a third of their babies being born with birth defects. D. There is about a thirty-three percent risk that the baby will have a bừth defect if a pregnant woman drinks a lot of alcohol, particularly during the first three months of her pregnancy. 23. There was no alternative for them but to took for a new flat. A. They couldn’t alter their new flat. B. They couldn’t look for a new flat now. C. They didn’t need to look for a new flat because of other alternatives. D. The only thing they could do was to look for a new flat.
B. A reduction of interest rates may improve the economic situation. C. The economic situation may improve if we increase the interest rates. D. The economic situation won’t be better if interest rates are cut. 29. According to Greek mythology, the god Apollo granted King Midas the gift that everything he touched would turn to gold, but since even his food did so, he had to ask the god to take the gift back. A, According to Greek mythology, King Midas didn’t like to eat golden food, so he asked the god Apollo if he could take back his ability to turn everything into gold. B. Greek mythology tells us that Apollo tricked King Midas when he gave him the power to turn everything he touched into gold because Midas wasn’t able to eat anything until Apollo withdrew the gift. C. In Greek, mythology, the ability to turn everything he touched into gold was given to King Midas by the god Apollo, but Midas was forced to give it back when he found that his touch turned even his food to gold.
24. The track is practically as cheap as the van.
D. In Greek mythology, King Midas had the fayour of the god Apollo, who gave him the gift of being able to turn whatever he touched into gold, but Midas refused to receive this gift.
A. The van is more expensive than the truck.
30. She would have sung for us if he had asked her.
B. The truck is as practical as the van.
A. He didn’t ask her to sing, and she didn’t sing.
C. The van and the truck are the same price.
B. She was going to sing for us but then changed her mind, C. She sang for us although he didn’t ask her.
D. The truck is a little more expensive than the van. 25. They had seen the man in a parking lot. A. The man was seen in a parking lot. B. The man has been seen in a parking lot.
D. He asked her to sing but she refused. 31. Mike hasn't touched a book since the semester began. A. Mike hasn’t gone to the library. B. Mike hasn’t begun the semester,
C. Mike hasn’t bought any books.
D. The meeting was disturbed as I left saying goodbye.
D. Mike hasn’t studied at all this semester.
38. I remember doing this assignment before.
32. His behavior was rather a shock to me.
A. I remember that I have done this assignment before.
A. I find his behavior not a shock at all.
B. I remembered I bad already done this assignment, C. I try to remember to do this assignment.
B. His behavior took me away, C. His behavior took me aback.
D. I don’t forget doing this assignment.
D. I was rather displeased with his behavior.
39. The meeting was put off because of pressure of time.
33. With his groundbreaking films of the ocean, Jacques Cousteau revealed to the world the hidden universe under the sea.
A. The meeting lasted much longer than usual.
A. Jacques Cousteau introduced the public to the unknown world which lies beneath the sea through his original and innovative films. B. Jacques Cousteau wanted to show the hidden underwater ecosystem to the general public, so he made films of it for them.
B. People wanted to get away, so the meeting began early, C. The meeting is planned to start in a short time. D. There was not enough time to hold the meeting. 40. Amsterdam has a reputation for tolerance and individualism, so it is a place where people of differing religions and lifestyles have long been welcome.
C. Jacques Cousteau was a passionate filmmaker who loved to film the hidden world beneath the sea and have others watch what he had filmed.
A. People with different religions and ways of living have always been well- received in Amsterdam because it is a city known for being tolerant and supportive of personal independence.
D. There is an unknown world underneath the sea, and it was Jacques Cousteau who first discovered that and shared his information with others.
B. People love Amsterdam because of its welcoming atmosphere towards everyone, regardless of their religion or lifestyle.
34. The film didn't come up to my expectations.
C. The people of Amsterdam have always been known for their tolerance of people who have religions different from their own as well as different ways of living their lives.
A. The film was as good as I expected. B. I expected the film to be longer. C. I expected the film to end more abruptly.
D. Amsterdam is a very tolerant city where individuals from all different backgrounds are welcomed and can live whatever kind of lifestyle they prefer.
D. The film fell short of my expectations.
41. In spite of their differences, Jin and John plan to be roommates. A. Jim and John intend to be roommates, even though they are different.
35. I would never have lent Mike my car if I had known that he had a past record of driving violations.
B. Jim and John will be different roommates.
A. I refused to lend Mike my car.
C. Jim and John are too different to be roommates.
B. I knew nothing about Mike’s driving record, so 1 lent Mm my car. C. Mike got a speeding ticket while driving my car.
D. Jim and John do not like each other.
D. Mike drove my car without Ms driver’s licence.
A. You’re not accused of what happened.
36. "If I were you, I would not choose to write about such a sensitive topic," the teacher said.
B. What happened is not your fault.
A. The teacher advised me against writing about such a sensitive topic.
C. You’re responsible for what happened.
B. The teacher advised me in writing about such a sensitive topic.
D. We blame you for what happened.
C. I was ordered by the teacher not to write about such a sensitive topic.
42. You're not to blame for what happened.
43. Peter didn't arrive in time to see her.
D. I was blamed for writing about such a sensitive topic by the teacher.
A. Peter was so late that I can’t see her.
37. Rather than disturb the meeting I left without saying goodbye.
B. Peter wasn’t too early to see her.
A. I would rather disturb the meeting than leave without saying goodbye.
C. Peter wasn’t early enough to see her.
B. I disturbed the meeting because I said goodbye.
D. Peter wasn’t enough early to see her.
C. I left without saying goodbye as I didn’t want to disturb the meeting.
44. However tempting the offer, he would never agree to sell his business.
A. He wanted to sell his business. However, the offer is not tempting enough. B. He would never agree to sell his business, even if he received a very tempting offer, C. He attempted to sell his business, but failed to. D. He would agree to sell his business if the offer were tempting. 45. It would have been better if he had fold us his new address. A. He could have told us his new address. B. He must have told us his new address, C. He should have told us his new address. D. It doesn’t matter that he didn’t tell us his new address. 46. That library book must be returned within one week. A. The book can’t be kept longer than a week. B. The book should have been returned a week ago. C. The book has already been borrowed for a week. D. The book was brought back last week. 47. Some people feel that you can't simplify grief by ignoring it, but that instead you just have to acknowledge it. A. Even when they are sad, some people are able to suppress their feelings and go through life normally. B. According to some, with grief, you should come to terms with it rather than trying to turn away from it. C. Being in grief can be a simple matter if you have people around you to sit with you and acknowledge your feelings. D. That you have to grieve is an accepted belief by those who have spent time simplifying and acknowledging it. 48. It would have been a perfect paper except for some spelling mistakes. A. It was a perfect paper. B. The word was spelt perfectly. C. The teacher did not accept the paper. D. The paper had some mistakes. 49. If I didn't have a car, I'd have to walk five blocks to work every day. A. My car needs some work on it. B. After work every day, I walk five blocks, C. I drive to work in my car every day. D. I have to walk five blocks to get to my car. 50. Janet's afraid she's lost her car keys. A. Janet’s lost the keys and she’s afraid to tell anyone. B. Janet thinks that her car keys are lost. C. Janet’s worried in case she loses her car keys.
D. When Janet’s worried, she loses her car keys.
7. Nobody could possibly believe the story he told us.
-251. For the companies which just want profits, the morality of what they do is not so important to them.
A. The story he told us was magical. B. It’s possible that he told an unreal story, C. It’s possible that he told a real story. D. The story he told us was beyond belief.
A. Although there are companies which do care about morality, the concern of most of them is just to make money.
8. Lawyers often win cases by playing upon the emotions of the jury, which is the disadvantage of the jury system.
B. Some companies don’t care much about whether what they do is right or wrong because they only concentrate on making money.
A. The jury system is sometimes disadvantageous because, if a lawyer gets emotional enough in front of a jury, he may win the case.
C. There are, unfortunately, companies which do lots of immoral things just for the sake of making profits, though their number is not so high.
B. The jury system has the drawback that frequently, a lawyer’s appeal to the jury’s feelings is what wins the case.
D. Wanting to make profits is quite natural, but companies should also consider the rights and wrongs of what they do.
C. In countries where the jury system exists, a lawyer has to appeal to the emotions of the jury in order to win the case.
2. We are planning on spending the weekend in the country as long as the weather stays fine.
D. Lawyers’ using emotions rather than facts to win cases is regarded as one of the biggest drawbacks of the jury system.
A. We’re planning on spending the weekend in the country despite the bad weather. B. If the weather is finer, we would spend the weekend in the country, C. If the weather is fine, we will spend the weekend in the country.
9. I have to hurry to deposit this money before the bank closes.
D. If the country is nice, we will spend the weekend there. 3. I wish we had gone somewhere else for the holiday.
B. The bank is closing my account because I haven’t deposited any money, C. I do not need to hurry to the bank to deposit the money.
A. If only we went somewhere else for the holiday.
D. I have to take some money out of the bank before it closes.
B. I regret not having gone somewhere else for the holiday, C. It’s a pity we didn’t go there for the holiday.
10. If you have a hiccup, try holding your breath.
D. If we had gone for a holiday, I would have gone somewhere else.
B. To treat hiccup, you have to hold your breath.
4. Martin missed his flight because he had not been informed of the change in flight schedule.
C. Holding your breath might help with your hiccup.
A. Not having been informed of the change in flight schedule, Martin missed his flight.
D. Having a hiccup will hold your breath.
B. Not having missed his flight, Martin was informed of the change in flight schedule.
11. My classmate gave this book to me.
C. Martin missed his flight, though he had been informed of the change in flight schedule.
A. My classmate was given this book by me.
D. Martin had been informed of his flight delay, which was due to the change in flight schedule. 5. For such an experienced and able teacher, discipline was not a problem.
B. This book was given to me by my classmate, C. This book was given my classmate by me.
A. The teacher found it hard to observe discipline because she was' not experienced.
D. This book was given to my classmate by me.
B. For a teacher of experience and ability discipline was not a problem, C. Experience and discipline make her a good teacher.
12. There's no point in persuading him to do this.
D. With experience and ability, being a teacher was not a problem 6. "Why didn't you join your friends on the trip?" she asked.
B. It would be useful to persuade him to do this, C. I enjoy persuading him to do this.
A. She wanted to know why I hadn’t joined my friends on the trip.
D. It is useless to persuade him to do this.
B. She asked me why I didn’t join her friends on the trip.
13. The baby slept soundly even with the noise the children made.
C. She asked for the reason I hadn’t joined my friends on the trip.
A. The children couldn’t sleep because of the noise.
D. She asked me why didn’t I join my friends on the trip.
B. The baby woke up because the children made noise,
A. If I hurry, I’ll get to the bank before closing time.
A. If you don’t hold your breath you may have a hiccup.
A. He is able to do this although he does not want to.
C. The noise didn’t prevent the baby from sleeping.
them is true.
D. The baby and the children slept through the noise.
D. If only scientists did not come up with such odd things in their new research, then people would be more likely to believe them.
14. Jerry wasn't in the mood to go to the party. A. Jerry didn’t feel like going to the party. B. Jerry was very moody. C. Jerry would rather go to the party. D. Jerry preferred to go to the party. 15. Some people believe that the sixteenth-century physician and astrologer, Nostradamus, knew when he was going to die. A. Some people think that Nostradamus, who died in the sixteenth century, was both a physician and an astrologer. B. It is believed by some people that Nostradamus, a doctor and astrologer of the sixteenth century, understood when people would die. C. The sixteenth-century doctor and astrologer Nostradamus knew the date of his death in advance, according to the opinions of some people. D. Nostradamus, a doctor and astrologer from the sixteenth century, believed that some people know the time at which they will die. 16. I've persuaded Tom to become the new secretary of the dub. A. I am considering Tom for the job of secretary.
20, He survived the operation thanks to skillful surgery. A. He survived because he was a skillful surgeon. B. Without skillful surgery, he wouldn’t have survived the operation, C. There was no skillful surgery, so he died. D. In spite of the surgery, he didn’t survive. 21. I'd rather stay home than go out with him, A. I’d prefer to stay home to going out with him. B. I’d better stay home than go out with him. C. I decide to stay home instead going out with him. D. I don’t want to go out with him so I choose to stay home. 22. I was astonished that he knew a lot about Vietnamese food. A. I was astonished at his poor knowledge of Vietnamese food. B. It surprised me that Vietnamese food was what he liked most, C. I knew very little about Vietnamese food, which astonished him. D. That he knew a lot about Vietnamese food amazed me.
B. Tom is wondering whether to accept the job of secretary, C. I asked Tom to be the secretary and Tom agreed.
23. Never has he been such a nuisance.
D. Tom has begged to become secretary of the club.
B. It is the first time he’s got into trouble, C. He has never had any difficulty.
17. She tends to lose her temper for no reason. A. She has no reason so she loses her temper.
A. It is the first time he has been a nuisance.
D. He has never been a nuisance.
B. She has no reason for tending to lose her temper, C. She easily gets angry when there is a reason.
24. He Siked London very little and Vienna less.
D. She often gets angry for no reason.
B. He thought Vienna was worse than London, C. He liked Vienna more than London.
18. Tom writes French as well as he speaks it. A. Tom is bad at writing French.
A. He liked Vienna but not London.
D. He didn’t like Vienna as much as London.
B. Tom does not speak French so well as he writes it. C. Tom writes and speaks French equally well.
25. I enjoy playing tennis most of the time, but today I'm too tired.
D. Even though Tom writes French, he speaks it better.
B. I like to play tennis but do not want to play now. C. I do not want to play tennis.
19. Scientists often think the public will believe anything when It comes to new research, but studies confirm that this viewpoint is unproven.
A. I want to play tennis.
D. I always like to play tennis.
A. Scientists are so well respected that people believe everything they discover in their research, without even questioning its validity.
26. At Chausa, the emperor Humayurs initially stopped to wait for Sher Shah's soldiers to attack him,
B. Although scientists tend to think that people wall accept whatever they come up with in their research, this has been shown to he not necessarily true, C. Most scientists are aware that the public has no choice but to believe whatever researchers tell
A. The soldiers of Sher Shah started to attack the emperor Humayun at Chausa after he had waited for them to.
B. At Chausa, at first, the emperor Humayun halted to wait for an attack by Sher Shah’s army. C. The emperor Humayun eventually stopped at Chausa in order to await an attack from the soldiers of Sher Shah. D. As he was the first to arrive at Chausa, the emperor Humayun waited for Sher Shah’s forces to arrive and attack him. 27. Jane dislikes television, but her husband watches it every night. A. Jane enjoys watching television, but her husband does not. B. Jane gets irritated whenever her husband watches television at night, C. Jane’s husband watches television nightly, but she dislikes it.
A. Michael Pederson Kierkegaard convinced his son Soren to become an intellectual while he was still young. B. Soren Kierkegaard wouldn’t have become intelligent without having been compelled to be so by his father Michael Pederson. C. Soren Kierkegaard was encouraged to expand his mind by his father Michael Pederson from the time he was a young boy. D. Michael Pederson Kierkegaard attempted to make his son Soren an intellectual in a short amount of time. 34. "We lost the last game because of the referee," said the team captain.
D. Jane watches television with her husband every night.
A. The team captain said that without the referee, they might have lost the last game.
28. Eric is usually on time for his ten o'clock class, but today he arrived twenty minutes late.
B. The team captain admitted to the referee that they had lost the last game, C. The team captain refused to tell the referee about their loss in the last game.
A. Eric arrived in class on time.
D. The team captain blamed the referee for their loss in the last game.
B. Eric arrived after the class had begun, C. Eric is usually late for class.
35. Mr. Pike used to jog a lot.
D. Eric arrived in class twenty minutes before it began.
A. Mr. Pike is accustomed to jogging a lot.
29. I started working here in 1998.
B. Mr. Pike never jogged in the past, C. Mr. Pike jogs a lot now.
A. I have started work here since 1998. B. I haven’t worked here since 1998. C. I have started working here since 1998. D. I have worked here since 1998.
D. Mr. Pike jogged a lot in the past. 36. I remember telling you about the due day of the exam paper. A. I think I have told you about the exam paper’s due day.
30. My mother had the house decorated.
B. I remember to tell you when the exam paper was due. C. I remember I have told you when the exam paper is due.
A. My mother had to decorate the house.
D. I think I have told you when you sit for the exam.
B. My mother had someone decorate, the house.
37. She should know? better than to lend the money to him.
C. The house is going to be decorated by my mother.
A. She knew it would be better not to lend him the money.
D. My mother has just decorated the house.
B. She oughtn’t to lend him the money.
31. "Can you explain it in another way?" she said.
C. She was just being helpful when she lent him the money.
A. She asked him if he can explain it in another way.
D. It would be kind of her to lend him the money.
B. She asked him whether he could explain another way to it. C. She asked him could he explain it again.
38. Sappho, a woman who lived during the sixth century B.C., is now considered to be one of the best lyric poets of ancient Greece.
D. She asked him to explain it in a different way.
A. Regarded today as being among the superior lyric poets of ancient Greece, Sappho was a woman that lived in the 6th century B.C.
32. We haven't gone to a movie for years. A. We go to a movie every day. B. We haven’t gone to a movie yet this year, but last year we did. C. We haven’t seen a movie for a long time. D. We do not go to movie unless we have the time. 33. Michael Pedersen Kierkegaard tried to get his son Soren to develop his intellect from an early age.
B. During the sixth century B.C. in ancient Greece, it was unusual for a woman to be a lyric poet, and Sappho was one of the few. C. It is unfortunate that we don’t know much about Sappho, a Greek poetess of the 6th century B.C. D. Because she is the only woman lyric poet we know of from ancient Greece, Sappho is counted among the best from the 6th century B.C. 39. If only I had not seen him.
A. I wish I had seen him.
B. I can get up early.
B. I wish I had not seen him. C. I have not seen him for ages.
C. I am used to getting up early.
D. He wishes he had come to see me. 40. Although there was a lack of interest to begin with, the main reason why they postponed the picnic was the rain. A. The picnic was put off because of the rain. B. They held the picnic in spite of the rain. C. They were extremely interested in having the picnic. D. The picnic was held, hut few people showed up.
D. I like to get up early. 46. His irresponsible attitude is putting his career in jeopardy. A. He is so irresponsible that he has no career. B. His career is to jeopardize irresponsible attitudes. C. His irresponsible attitude is endangering his career. D. Both A and C are correct. 47. There have not been any really revolutionary comedians since the group called "Monty Python".
41. John didn't attend the class because he was seriously ill.
A. A group calling themselves “'Monty Python” changed the face of comedy forever.
A. John’s class was not serious.
B. The group called “Monty Python” will always remain people’s favorite.
B. John never attended the class.
C. Not since the group known as “Monty Python” has there been such innovative comedy.
C. John was absent from class many times.
D. People have been enjoying the revolutionary comedy of “Monty Python” for years.
D. John was too ill to attend the class.
48. There'll be a bus later on, but we might as well walk.
42. Jean often goes to vinyl record stores in case she should come across album covers that might trigger an inspiration for a poster or a new ad campaign.
A. We are quite ready to walk.
A. Because she might come upon album covers there which will perhaps spark an idea for a poster or a new ad campaign, Jean frequently visits stores selling vinyl records. B. Jean is in charge of a new advertising campaign that is promoting prints of old album covers of vinyl records, so she has been going to stores to look at them for ideas. C. The new ad campaign inspired Jean to start making posters based on the old album covers in her collection of vinyl records. D. Vinyl record covers have always been a source of inspiration for those in the advertising business, as for Jean, because they trigger great ideas for their campaigns.
B. We would much prefer to wait for the bus. C. We’ll have to walk because the bus is late. D. We think we will be late if we walk. 49. "Where have you put my files?" he said. A. He asked me if where I had put his files. B. He asked me where I had put his files. C. He asked me where I have put his files. D. He asked me that where I had put his files.
43. The family find it difficult to manage on the money they have.
50. "May I see your passport, Mrs Scott?" said the customs officer.
A. The family could manage on the money they have
A. The customs officer asked to see Mrs Scott’s passport.
B. It is difficult for them to earn money.
B. The customs officer suggested seeing Mrs Scott’s passport. C. The customs officer asked Mrs Scott to see his passport.
C. It is difficult for the family to get by on the money they have. D. The family managed to earn enough money. 44. He looked so funny that I couldn't help laughing. A. I couldn’t laugh because he looked so funny. B. I laughed because he looked so funny. C. I couldn’t help him laugh because he looked so funny. D. He looked too funny for me to laugh. 45. I often get up early. A. 1 am used to get up early.
D. The customs officer promised to show Mrs Scott his passport.
D. The court decided that the man had killed his wife.
-26-
7. Studying all night is good for neither your grades nor your health. A. Studying all night is good for your grade.
A. I realized how much my father meant to me just when I was home.
B. Studying all night does not help at all. C. Studying all night is good for your health.
B. 1 left home, and didn’t realize what my father meant to me.
D. Studying all night is helpful to you.
C. It was only when 1 left home that I realized how much my father meant to me.
8. Although the United States is the richest country on earth, parts of their inner cities are as poor as the typical urban areas of developing countries.
1. Not until I left home did I realize how much my father meant to me.
D. Before I left home, I had realized how much my father meant to me. 2. She pretended not to see him. A. She saw him but didn’t say hello. B. She refused to see him. C. She admitted seeing him. D. She ignored him when she saw him. 3. He talked about nothing except the weather. A. His sole topic of conversation was the weather. B. He had nothing to say about the weather. C. He talked about everything including the weather. D. He said he had no interest in the weather. 4. The 19th-century philosopher John Stuart Mill is known as both a writer on political liberties and an active politician.
A. The United States is the world’s wealthiest country, yet its inner cities are poverty-stricken to the same degree as the standard city areas of developing countries. B. The people who live in the centres of cities in the United States are just as poor as those who live in the regular cities of developing countries, even though their country is much wealthier. C. If the inner cities of the United States were not made as poverty-stricken as those of the average urban area in a developing country, it could not have become the richest country on earth. D. As the United States is the richest country in the world, it should develop its inner cities so they look more like standard urban areas and not poor, as they do now. 9. I do apologize for my forgetting your birthday. A. I am really sorry I forgot your birthday. B. I did not forget your birthday. C. I am not Sony at all because I remember your birthday. D. I never apologize for my forgetting birthdays.
A. Through being a liberal writer and politician, the philosopher John Stuart Mill became known to the people of the 19th century.
10. I wish I had gone there with her.
B. People remember the 19th-century philosopher John Stuart Mill either as having been a writer on political freedom or as having committed himself to politics.
B. I hadn’t gone there with her, which makes me feel bad. C. If only I went there with her.
C. The 19th-century philosopher John Stuart Mill is recognized not only as having been involved in politics but also as having written on the liberties in that field.
D. If I had gone there with her, I wouldn’t have felt bad now.
D. Even though John Stuart Mill, a philosopher of the 19th century, is mostly thought of as a liberal political writer, he was also an active politician.
A. My car is cheaper than your.
5. The man asked me how old I was. A. The man told me that he was old. B. The man asked me if I knew his age. C. The man knew how old 1 was. D. “How old are you?” the man asked me. 6. The court found the man innocent of murdering his wife. A. The court found a murdered man and his wife. B. The man was found murdered by his wife. C. The man was judged not guilty of killing his wife.
A. I regret not having gone there with her.
11. Your car is more expensive than mine. B. Your car is not cheaper than mine. C. My car is as expensive as yours. D. My car is not as expensive as yours. 12. Although Miss Smith had less teaching experience than the other staff members, she is one of the best teachers. A. Miss Smith is one of the best teachers because she has taught longer. B. Other members of the staff teach less than Miss Smith does. C. Miss Smith is one of the best teachers in spite of her having less experience. D. Miss Smith has the best experience of all the teachers on the staff. 13. If he could speak French, he would be able to get a job there.
A. He can’t speak French, so he won’t be able to get a job there.
20, I've yet to meet a more exasperating person than my brother-in-law.
B. He couldn’t speak French, so he wasn’t given a job there, C. He can’t speak French because hẹ won’t get a job there.
A. My brother-in-law is the most exasperating person I’ve ever met.
D. He wishes he could speak French and worked there. 14. It's a waste of time to try and explain anything to Tony. A. Tony should be given explanations. B. It’s well worth trying to explain things to Tony, C. To save time, explain it to Tony. D. It’s not worth the time trying to explain anything to Tony. 15. The city of Cankiri was originally a Celtic settlement called Gangrea. A. Gangrea, which is the present-day Canldri, was originally settled by Celts. B. Gangrea, where the city of Cankiri now stands, was originally a Celtic settlement. C. The Celts who founded a city called Gangrea later changed its name to Cankiri. D. There is a settlement around Cankiri called Gangroa, which was founded by Celts. 16. While we're on vacation, Mary will look after the dog. A. We’re going to buy a dog for Mary after returning from vacation.
B. My brother-in-law is more exasperating than I am. C. I’ve never met a more exasperating person than my brother-in-law. D. Both A and C are correct. 21. Sam emphasized the importance of being thoughtful toward one another. A. Sam said that people should not talk too much. B. Sam said that people should not be too serious. C. Sam said that people should consider the feelings of others. D. Sam said that people should discuss intellectual topics. 22. I think it is more enjoyable to play a sport than to watch it on TV. A. In my view, playing a sport is as enjoyable as watching it on TV. B. As far as I know, more people watch a sport on TV than they play it. C. In my opinion, to play a sport is more enjoyable than to watch it on TV. D. I think watching a sport on TV is more enjoyable than playing it.
B. Mary will take care of our dog while we are on a vacation, C. Mary will be looked after while we’re on vacation.
23. In all probability, he Is coming.
D. If we go on vacation, Mary will stay at our house.
B. He is bound not to come, C. He is very likely to come.
17. The contractor advised the couple not to paint their house until the weather warmed up a little.
A. Undoubtedly, he will come.
D. He is coming very soon.
A. The contractor said that he would paint the house in spite of the heat.
24, However hard you work, you will never be promoted here.
B. The house should be painted during the winter.
A. Although you work really hard, you will never be promoted her.
C. The house was too small for the contractor to paint.
B. You will never be promoted here; however, you work hard, C. No matter how you work, you will be promoted here.
D. It was suggested that the house be painted in warm weather. 18. You'd better not buy that house. A. It’s better to buy that house. B. You must buy that house. C. You shouldn’t buy that house. D. You couldn’t have bought that house. 19. Crimson and kirmizi, which are both bright red colours, are of the same origin etymologically. A. Having the same etymologic origin, both crimson and kirmizi are a bright red colour. B. Crimson shares the same etymologic origin as that of kirmizi, though it signifies a brighter red colour. C. Bright red colours, like kirmizi, that share the same origin are called crimsons. D. Crimson is a colour like kirmizi, whose etymology is different but means the same.
D. If you didn’t work hard, you would never be promoted here. 25. Impressed as we were by the new cinema, we found it rather expensive. A. The new cinema was more expensive than we expected. B. We were not impressed by the new cinema at all because it looked rather expensive. C. We weren’t as much impressed by the new cinema’s look as its cost. D. We were very impressed by the new cinema, but found it rather expensive. 26. Newcastle United play In black and white stripes, like Besiktas, but their symbol is a magpie, while that of Besiktas is an eagle. A. Newcastle United, with the magpie symbol, and Besiktas, with the eagle symbol, have many similarities, like both playing in black and white stripes. B. Both the symbol of Newcastle United, which is a magpie, and that of Besiktas, which is an eagle, are in the same colours - black and white.
C. Though they have the same black and white stripes, Newcastle United is symbolized by a magpie and Besiktas by an eagle.
A. A number of people go halfway around the planet only to look at the large carved statues, called moai, on Easter Island in the Pacific Ocean, because they are so impressive to see.
D. Despite having different symbols - a magpie for Newcastle United and an eagle for Besiktas - the two teams share many things, like black and white stripes.
B. Even though the big carved statues, or moai, on Easter Island in the Pacific are spectacular to look at, it is necessary to journey halfway around the globe to see them.
27. I'd have bought Sam's car if I'd known he was setting it.
C. The large carved statues, called moai, look so impressive that while travelling around the world, some people stop on Easter Island, in the Pacific Ocean, just to see them.
A. I knew Sam wanted to sell his car. B. I didn’t buy Sam’s car. C. I bought the car without knowing it was Sam’s. D. I’ll buy the car as soon as Sam decides to sell it. 28. Had she read the material, she would have been prepared for class.
D. The giant carved statues, known as moai, on Easter Island in the Pacific Ocean must be fantastic to look at if some people go halfway around the planet just to look at them. 34. If I had known about it, I would have visited her in hospital. A. I didn’t know about it, so I didn’t visit her in hospital.
A. She knew the answer to the question.
B. I visited her in hospital because’ knew she was ill. C. I didn’t have time so I didn’t visit her
B. She was not prepared for class.
D. I didn’t know about it, but I visited her.
C. She had read the material, but she didn’t know the answer. D. Even though she hadn't read the material, she knew the answer.
35. It's too bad Mr. Nelson's son couldn't Have found a more comfortable apartment to live in.
29. Unlike his sister, Bob exercises every day.
A. Mr. Nelson found his son a comfortable apartment.
A. Bob’s sister exercises every day, but he doesn’t.
B. Mr. Nelson and his son live comfortably.
B. Bob doesn’t like his sister to exercise, C. Bob and his sister exercise every day.
C. Mr. Nelson’s son doesn’t live in a comfortable apartment. D. Mr. Nelson’s son managed to find a comfortable apartment for his father.
D. Bob exercises every day, but his sister doesn’t.
36. There is absolutely no truth in that rumor.
30. No matter how hard Fred tried to start the car, he didn't succeed.
A. That rumor is true to some extent.
A. Fred tried very hard to start the car, and succeeded. B. Fred tried hard to start the car, and with success.
B. That rumor is absolutely true, C. That rumor is absolutely false.
C. It’s hard for Fred to start the car because he never succeeded.
D. There is some absolutely true rumor.
D. However hard Fred tried, he couldn’t start the car.
37. While critics pay homage to James Joyce's novel Ulysses, the average reader finds it too difficult to understand.
31. Frank expects to be fined heavily in traffic court. A. Frank expects to be praised as a fine driver.
A. Even though to an average reader James Joyce's novel Ulysses is not much more than a difficult book, critics keep on praising it.
B. Frank will probably have to pay a lot of money C. The court will probably send Frank to jail.
B. The average reader finds it very hard to understand what the critics find worth praising in James Joyce’s novel Ulysses.
D. The judge will probably take away Frank’s license.
C. Though ordinary readers are unable to understand James Joyce’s novel Ulysses because it is so hard, critics praise it highly.
32. Bob had better go before it gets dark. A. It’s dark now, and Bọb ought to have gone before. B. Bob had left before it got dark. C. It’s better for Bob to leave in darkness. D. Bob should go while it’s still daylight. 33. On Easter Island in the Pacific Ocean, the huge carved statues, or moai, are so amazing to look at that some people travel halfway around the world just to see them.
D. Although many ordinary readers find James Joyce’s novel Ulysses far from easy, they agree with the critics’ high opinion of the book. 38. Take this route and you will get to the village. A. There is no doubt that this route will never lead you to the village. B. Although this route may lead you to the village, you cannot take it. C. Certainly, you will get to the village if you take this route. D. Unless you take this route, you will get to the village.
39. There was not much resemblance between the final version and the initial draft. A. The final version is very similar to the initial draft. B. The initial draft is exactly the same as the final version, C. The final version and the initial draft resemble in many ways. D. The final version is quite different from the initial draft. 40. They regret ever doing business with him. A. They wish they didn’t do business with him. B. They wish they had never done business with him. C. They wish they wouldn’t do business with him.
B. Listening to the radio makes you know less, C. Listening to the radio can make you know more. D. Listening to the radio enables you to be rich. 46. After Japan's military rulers, the Shoguns, fell in 1867, their capital, Edo, was renamed Tokyo. A. When the Shoguns, former military rulers, lost power in 1867, they had to move from Edo to Tokyo. B. Edo, the capital of Japan’s military rulers called the Shoguns, was given the name Tokyo following their fall in 1867.
D. They did business with him but failed.
C. The fall of Japan’s military rulers, the Shoguns, in 1867 was the beginning of a new era for Tokyo, which used to be called Edo.
41. With the help of new computer programs, we can solve many problems quickly and accurately.
D. Tokyo has been the capital since 1867, when the Shoguns, Japan’s military rulers, fell and had to leave their capital, Edo.
A. New computer programs have enabled us to solve many problems quickly and accurately.
47. "Trust me! Do not invest all your money in one company," said my friend.
B. The new computer programs are quick and accurate,
A. My friend ordered me to invest all my money in one company.
C. We can solve problems quickly and accurately without computers.
B. My friend persuaded me not to invest all my money in one company, C. My friend offered to help me to invest all my money in one company.
D. New computer programs are not able to solve many problems quickly and accurately.
D. My friend encouraged me to invest all my money in one company.
42. The full story of humankind's first harnessing of geothermal energy is lost in antiquity. A. People have been using geothermal energy for so long that no one knows when it first began.
48. Mr. Pike wants his wife to quit her job and stay home with the children. A. Mr. Pike would like his wife to stop working and stay at home.
B. It is about time that we regained ancient knowledge about how to use geothermal energy.
B. Mr. Pike would like his wife to continue working, C. Mr. Pike wants to quit his job.
C. The earth’s natural heat was first harnessed in antiquity, but then the secret was lost.
D. Mr. Pike wants to stay at home.
D. It would be interesting to know who was the first person to use geothermal Energy.
49. Although Tom has been laughed at a lot, he won't give up his drums.
43. It doesn't matter to them which film they go to.
A. He decided to give up his drums.
A. No matter what film are shown, they never go. B. They don’t mind which film they go to.
B. He likes to play his drums in spite of being laughed at. C. People laugh at his ridiculous drums.
C. Which film they go to matters more than the cost.
D. Although he has a lot of drums, he won’t give anyone any.
D. They have a good taste for films.
50. The boys must have gone to the sports ground.
44. The professor suggests that we write in ink on alternate lines so that he can correct in pencil.
A. The boys insisted on going to the sports ground. B. The boys had better go to the sports ground.
A. We must not write on every line of the paper.
C. The boys were forced to go to the sports ground.
B. We must not write our papers in ink.
D. The boys probably went to the sports ground.
C. The professor will correct our papers in ink. D. The professor will read our papers, but he will not correct them. 45. You can enrich your knowledge by listening to the radio. A. You can be rich if you listen to the radio.
A. In few other books would one see this problem so well explained.
-271. Bulgaria will soon join the EU, so then it will be easier for Bulgarians to work in Western Europe. A. As Bulgaria is about to become an EU member, Bulgarians will find it less difficult to work in Western Europe. B. Bulgaria is hoping to join the EU so that more of its citizens will be able to work in Western Europe with fewer restrictions. C. Were Bulgaria to join the EU, it would be easier for its citizens to go and work in Western Europe. D. Bulgaria needs to join the EU in order to allow its citizens to work in Western Europe more freely.
B. This book is very well explained and had no problem. C. This is the only book which explains the problem so well. D. This problem is explained very well in this book as well as in many other books. 8. King Faruk of Egypt, who was the last of a dynasty that ruled for more than a century, was brought down in 1952 in a coup led by EMassar. A. 1952 was the year that Gamal Abdel Nassar decided to bring an end to the long reign of King Faruk’s family. B. King Faruk of Egypt, who had founded a dynasty at the turn of the century, was finally overthrown by Gamal Abdel Nassar in 1952. C. King Faruk of Egypt was part of a family that would have been in power almost a century had he not been ousted by Gamal Abdel Nassar in 1952.
2. The patient recovered more rapidly than expected.
D. Gamal Abdel Nassar overthrew King Faruk of Egypt in 1952, ending more than 100 years of rule by the same family.
A. The patient didn’t recover as fast as expected
9. If Tom could have repaired the roof, he wouldn't have called in a builder.
B. The patient made a more rapid recovery than expected, C. The patient recovered more slowly than expected.
A. Tom didn’t ask a builder to repair the roof.
D. The patient didn’t get well as expected.
B. The roof was so bad that it couldn’t be repaired, C. The roof was repaired by a builder.
3. Most people get fewer colds in the summer than in the winter.
D. Tom could repair the roof himself and did so.
A. A person is more likely to get a cold in the winter.
10. The sisters looked forward to getting new clothes for Christmas.
B. More people have summer colds than winter colds, C. People get colder in the summer than in the winter.
A. The sisters expected new clothes as Christmas gifts.
D. The winter is much colder than the summer.
B. The sisters wanted to wear new clothes on Christmas Day. C. The sisters looked for new clothes for Christmas.
4. "If I were you, I would go to see the doctor," David said to Claudia.
D. The sisters got dressed for Christmas Day.
A. David told Claudia that he would go to see the doctor.
11. There was very little response to the charity appeal.
B. David advised Claudia not to go to see the doctor, C. David advised Claudia to go to see the doctor.
A. Nobody responded to the charity appeal.
D. David told Claudia to become a doctor. 5. She strikes me as a very effective teacher. A. I make an effective impression on the teacher. B. As a teacher, she always strikes me. C. She is such an effective teacher that she always strikes her students. D. My impression of her is that she is a very effective teacher. 6. She is unqualified to fill the position as executive secretary of the firm. A. Both she and the executive secretary have a firm position.
B. Very little money was raised by the charity appeal, C. Everybody seemed to appeal to the charity. D. They raised a lot of money from the charity appeal. 12. Serving as president of the USA during his fourth term in office, Franklin Roosevelt died in April 1945. A. Dying in his office in April 1945, Franklin Roosevelt was in the middle of his fourth term as us president. B. While serving the president of the USA, who was then in his fourth term, Franklin Roosevelt died in April 1945.
B. She possesses the firm qualities of an executive secretary.
C. Franklin Roosevelt passed away in April 1945, while in his fourth term of office as us president.
C. Firmness is needed to qualify one for position of executive secretary. D. The job of executive secretary requires more skills than she has.
D. Franklin Roosevelt passed away in April 1945 after he had been president of the USA for four terms.
7. There aren't many other books which explain this problem so well.
13. I have never used a more fascinating MP3 player than this one.
A. This is the most fascinating MP3 player I have ever used. B. Like the other MP3 players, this one is fascinating to me. C. This MP3 player does not fascinate me much. D. I am very fascinated by the MP3 player I am using. 14. The Prime Minister is unlikely to call an early general election. A. It’s likely that the Prime Minister will call an early general election. B. The likelihood is that the Prime Minister will call an early general election. C. There is little likelihood of the Prime Minister calling an early general election. D. The likelihood is great that the Prime Minister will call an early general election. 15. Turkey has been making political and economic reforms in order to become a member of the EU. A. To gain entrance to the EU, Turkey has been making changes to its political and economic systems. B. Although Turkey has reformed its political and economic systems, it is still not a member of the EU.
20. Thomas Hardy romanticized the people of the countryside, whereas Emile Zola described them more realistically. A. Emile Zola wrote about rural people as they actually were, but Thomas Hardy saw them romantically. B. Thomas Hardy was one of the people who found the countryside romantic, but Emile Zola’s view of it was realistic. C. Although both came from the countryside, Emile Zola was described as a realist, while Thomas Hardy was viewed as a romantic. D. Emile Zola was a less romantic writer than Thomas Hardy, especially in regard to how he viewed country people. 21. Jane is a better student than her sister Jean. A. Jane does not study. B. Jane studies better than her sister Jean, C. Jean helps her sister to study. D. Jean likes to study
C. Following the instructions of the EU, Turkey has made several political and economic changes.
22. Everyone can take a seat at that table.
D. Turkey is trying to gain membership of the EU, which requires it to make a number of political and economic changes.
A. Everyone can carry a chair to that table.
16. Refusal to give a breath sample to the police could lead to your arrest.
B. Everyone can take a chair away from that table, C. Everyone can remain seated at that table.
A. You could be arrested for not giving a breath sample to the police.
D. Everyone can sit down at that table.
B. If you refuse to be arrested, you have to give a breath sample.
23. We could have seen the movie if the tickets had not been so expensive,
C. If a breath sample is not given, the police will refuse to arrest you.
A. We couldn’t afford the tickets to see the movie.
D. The police could cause you to give a breath sample to decide whether to arrest you or not.
B. We saw the movie even though the tickets were expensive, C. We wanted to see the movie but the tickets were sold out.
17. Having worked for the same company for many years, he is convinced of the superiority of its products.
D. The tickets were inexpensive, so we saw the movie.
A. He convinced his company to put him in charge of production.
24. The Spanish Civil War resulted from a fascist attempt to overthrow the elected government of Spain.
B. His company has manufactured inferior products for many years, C. He thinks that his company manufactures superior products. D. It took him many years to become a superior in the company. 18. The bread was too stale to eat. A. It was stale to eat the bread.
A. When the elected government of Spain was overthrown, fascists started the Spanish Civil War. B. Because the elected government of Spain wasn’t overthrown in the fascist attempt, a civil war broke out. C. Fascists tried to overthrow the elected government of Spain, leading to civil war in the country. D. An effort to overthrow the elected fascist government of Spain resulted in the Spanish Civil War.
B. We cannot eat the bread because it was burnt, C. Eating the bread was stale.
25. I'd rather you did not park here,
D. The bread was not fresh enough to eat.
A. I did not park here.
19. The sooner he stops smoking, the better he'll feel.
B. Parking here is permitted.
A. As soon as he feels better, he’ll try to stop smoking.
C. I would like you to park here.
B. When he stops smoking, he’ll begin to feel better, C. He feels so much better since he stopped smoking.
D. Would you mind not parking here?
D. Though he feels better, he still smokes.
26. Because the lecturer failed to come to the point quickly, the class was dismissed an hour late.
A. The lecturer got off the main, subject of the discussion and did not dismiss the class on time.
33. The more money Peter makes, the more his wife spends.
B. The class started an hour late.
A. Peter’s wife spends more and more money.
C. The lecturer dismissed the class on time. D. The class faded to understand what the lecturer was saying.
B. Peter spends more money than his wife, C. Peter and his wife both make money.
27. "Mum, please don't tell dad about my mistake," the boy said.
D. Peter spends the money his wife makes.
A. The mother was forced to keep her son’s mistake as a secret when he insisted.
34. The president arranged for me to use his car whenever I liked.
B. The boy earnestly insisted that his mother tell his father about his mistake, C. The boy requested his mother not to talk about Ms mistake any more.
A. The president allowed me to use his car whenever I liked. B. The president put his car at my disposal.
D. The boy begged Ms mother not to tell Ms father about Ms mistake.
C. The president’s car was used at his disposal.
28. We all make mistakes.
D. A and B are correct.
A. No one is fallible.
35. "Would you like some coffee?" Peter asked me.
B. Everyone can hardly make mistakes, C. No one is infallible.
A. Peter offered to give me some coffee,
D. Hardly can we make mistakes.
C. Peter asked me to make him a cup of coffee.
29. Peter wishes to be an architect like his father.
D. Peter, do you like some coffee?
A. Peter wants his father to be an architect
36. The Roman emperor Caligula was assassinated in 41 AD, due to his cruelty and immorality, and his uncle Claudius was placed on the throne.
B. Peter would like to be an architect. C. Peter and Ms father wish to become architects. D. Peter wants the architect to like his father.
B. Peter liked me if I liked coffee.
A. Claudius murdered his nephew, the Roman emperor Caligula, in 41 AD because of his brutality and immorality, and took his place on the throne himself.
A. We may cause her to be late.
B. After the people killed the Roman emperor Caligula in 41 AD because of his cruelty and immorality, his uncle Claudius put himself on the throne.
B. She probably forgot the appointment, C. She will be here shortly.
C. Tire cruel and immoral assassination of the Roman emperor Caligula in 41 AD left his place on the throne to be taken by his uncle Claudius.
D. We will be late if she does not arrive.
D. The brutality and immorality of the Roman emperor Caligula caused people to kill him in 41 AD and make his uncle Claudius emperor instead.
30. If she does not come soon, we will be probably late.
31. Unlike Voltaire, who believed in human progress, Rousseau thought that man had been happiest before the creation of society. A. Although Voltaire tried to help humanity in its progress, Rousseau blamed social organizations for depriving people of happiness. B. Voltaire argued that humans should attempt to progress, while Rousseau claimed that such a social system robbed people of their happiness.
37. Never has anyone spoken to me like that! A. I never speak that way. B. Some people always speak to me that way. C. Everyone speaks to me that way. D. No one speaks to me that way.
C. In Voltaire’s opinion, man was becoming happier while progressing forward; this was an idea Rousseau was M total opposition to.
38. I'd like to know more about the religions of the world.
D. According to Rousseau, humans were at their most contented before society was formed, but Voltaire believed in the advancement of man.
B. I’m interested in learning more about world religions, C. I’m a very religious person.
32. John Smith is a farmer. I bought his land.
D. World religions do not concern me.
A. John Smith, whose land I bought, is a farmer.
39. Most stores will accept a credit card instead of cash.
B. John Smith, whom I bought his land, is a farmer, C. John Smith, who is a farmer, bought his land.
A. Most stores will accept only cash.
D. John Smith, who is a farmer, whose land I bought.
C. Most stores will accept a credit card as an alternative to cash.
A. I like all world religions.
B. Cash is the only alternative.
D. Many stores prefer credit cards to cash. 40. The Ottomans built the bridge over the river Drina which was used by Ivo Andric as the stage for his famous novel. A. A bridge in Ottoman style was built over the river Drina and was used to stage a production of Ivo Andric’s popular novel.
C. The Spaniard Francisco de Orellana first explored the Amazon River after he heard rumours of a legendary female tribe of warrior women - the Amazons - living in the area. D. Upon hearing tales that the area was inhabited by a female tribe, Francisco de Orellana of Spain, the first explorer of the Amazon River, gave it this name after the Amazons, the legendary fighting women.
B. The bridge which the Ottomans built over the river Drina was written about by Ivo Andric as the subject of his well-respected novel.
46. There appears to be nothing in common between the two theories.
C. The bridge over the river Drina, which Ivo Andric used as the setting for his well-known novel, was constructed by the Ottomans.
B. The two theories are complete, but different.
D. Ivo Andric used the Ottoman bridge over the river Drina as the centerpiece of his renowned works of fiction.
D. It’s common to have two different theories.
41. I don't really want to spend my vacations in France.
A. The car got dirty last week.
A. I often spend my vacations in France.
B. Someone finally washed the man’s car.
B. I would like to spend my vacations in France.
C. The man’s dirty car did not last.
C. I would rather not spend my vacations in France.
D. The man got dirty when he washed his car.
D. I should spend my vacations in France.
48. Barbara didn't wear the raincoat, so she got a cold.
42. He will have been working for the city for seven years by next December.
A. If Barbara has worn the raincoat, she won’t get a cold.
A. The two theories appear to be completely different. C. It appears that the two theories have something in common. 47. The man had his dirty car washed at last.
A. He has been working for the city for seven years.
B. If Barbara wore the raincoat, she wouldn’t get a cold.
B. He used to work for the city seven years ago. C. He is still working for the city.
C. If Barbara had worn the raincoat, she wouldn’t have got a cold.
D. He will be working for the city for another seven years. 43. "Don't forget to tidy up the final draft before submission," the team leader told us. A. The team leader reminded us to tidy up the final draft before submission. B. The team leader asked us to tidy up the final draft before submission, C. The team leader ordered us to tidy up the final draft before submission. D. The team leader simply wanted us to tidy up the final draft before submission. 44. The coffee was not strong. It didn't keep us awake. A. The coffee was very strong, but it couldn’t keep us awake. B. The coffee was not strong enough to keep us awake, C. We were kept awake because the coffee was strong.
D. If Barbara worn the raincoat, she didn’t get a cold. 49. No one else must know this. A. You are not advised to know this. B. Every one else must be silent. C. This must be kept secret. D. You should let every one else know this 50. If English were a phonetically spelled language, which means having one sound for each letter of the alphabet, then it would be much easier to read and write. A. For English to be easier to read and write, it has to become a phonetically spelled language so that its alphabet will have as many letters as the sounds the language has.
D. The coffee was so hot that it didn’t keep us awake.
B. English is easier to read than write because it is a phonetically spelled language, which means that the language has one letter in its alphabet representing each sound it has.
45. The river Amazon was first explored by the Spaniard Francisco de Orellana, who named it after the legendry warrior women, the Amazons, when rumours were heard of a female tribe living in that area.
C. The English language can be made easier to read and write only by making it a phonetically spelled language, which requires an equalization of the number of its sounds with the number of letters in its alphabet.
A. While the Spaniard Francisco de Orellana was exploring a river, he met a female tribe living in the area, who he thought looked like the Amazons - the legendary warrior women - so he called the river the Amazon.
D. The number of sounds and the letters representing them is not equal in English, as it is in phonetically spelled languages, so it makes the language difficult to read and write.
B. Upon hearing a rumour about a female tribe — the Amazons — living along a river, Francisco de Orellana of Spain decided to explore the region, and he named the river Amazon.
D. The woman was so weak that she couldn’t lift the basket.
-28-
7. The company turned down Bill's offer.
1. George was nowhere to be found.
B. The company rejected Bill’s offer C. The company accepted Bill’s offer.
A. George could be found anywhere. B. We couldn’t find George anywhere. C. George went nowhere. D. George was possible to be found somewhere. 2. Unlike her friends, Jane prefers an independent life. A. Jane doesn’t like her friends because she prefers an independent life. B. Her friends live an independent life and Jane doesn’t like it. C. Jane prefers an independent life but her friends do not.
A. The company offered Bill a job.
D. The company discussed Bill’s offer. 8. If the American economy had not crashed in 1929, causing a global depression, then the negative economic conditions that allowed Hitler to rise to power ỉn Germany would not have been created. A. The world-wide economic slump of 1929 led to both a crash in the American economy and created the economic environment Hitler needed in order to take power in Germany.
D. Jane doesn’t like her friends to live a dependent life.
B. Hitler became ruler of Germany only because of the world-wide economic crisis that had come about as a result of the collapse of the American economy in 1929
3. "You shouldn't have leaked our confidential report to the press, Frank!" said Jane.
C. The negative state of the economy which Hitler created in order to claim power in Germany in 1929 also damaged the American economy, leading to a world-wide depression.
A. Jane suspected that Frank had leaked their confidential report to the press.
D. Hitler’s taking power created a negative economic situation in Germany that pulled both the USA and the world into an economic crash and slump in 1929.
B. Jane accused Frank of having cheated the press with their confidential report. C. Jane blamed Frank for having flattered the press with them confidential report. D. Jane criticized Frank for having disclosed their confidential report to the press. 4. It never occurred to me to go by train. A. I used to go by train. B. I was used to going by train. C. I never find it boring to go by train. D. I never thought of going by train. 5. Sultanahmet, where there are a lot of mosques, monuments and elaborately designed houses dating back to Ottoman, Byzantine and Roman times, is one of the oldest districts in Istanbul. A. The oldest district of Istanbul, Sultanahmet became famous after the Ottomans, Byzantines and Romans made it their centre for monuments, mosques and homes. B. Sultanahmet, Istanbul’s oldest district, is famous for its historical monuments, mosques and elaborate houses all built by the Ottomans, Byzantines and Romans. C. The Ottomans, Byzantines and Romans were all very skilled in building monuments, such as mosques and elaborate houses, and the majority of these can be found in Sultanahmet.
9. Before we can judge a government's success, we have to decide the criteria, such as unemployment, defense, or taxation. A. We cannot judge a government’s success without first deciding the relevant criteria, such as unemployment, defense or taxation. B. Unemployment, defense and taxation are the criteria upon which we can judge a government’s success. C. We should judge a government’s success on the basis of the following criteria: unemployment, defense and taxation. D. We cannot decide on criteria on unemployment, defense and taxation unless we have judged a government’s success. 10. I couldn't help laughing when he told me that story. A. I couldn’t resist laughing when he told me that story. B. I couldn’t help him tell that story. C. I did not laugh when hearing that story. D. The story he told me did not help at all. 11. Sue could hardly find a seat in the dark theatre.
D. With many historical sites, like mosques, monuments and elaborately designed houses from Ottoman, Byzantine and Roman periods, Sultanahmet is one of the oldest neighbourhoods in Istanbul.
A. Sue had some difficulty finding a seat.
6. The woman was too weak to lift the basket.
D. Because the theater was dark, Sue couldn’t seat her friends.
A. The woman lifted the basket, so she wasn’t very weak.
12. The 19th-century philosopher Kierkegaard came up against a great deal of ridicule in his life, although he is now viewed as one of the greatest thinkers in history.
B. She shouldn’t have lifted the basket because she was so weak, C. Although she was very weak, she could lift the basket.
B. Sue found a hard seat because the theatre was dark, C. Sue couldn’t find a seat in the dark.
A. Kierkegaard, who was a 19th-century philosopher, was a ridiculous man, although today he is thought of as one of history’s most important thinkers.
A. The company raised the workers’ wages to avoid a strike. B. The company demands that the workers strike.
B. Although the philosopher Kierkegaard, who lived in the 19th century, is one of the greatest thinkers to have examined history, he was mocked for it in his own lifetime.
C. If their wages are not increased, the workers plan to strike.
C. People in the 19th century made fun of the philosopher Kierkegaard, who would later come to be regarded as one of history’s great thinkers.
19. Due to a similarity in style, especially around 1909-12, the paintings of Picasso anti Braque can sometimes be difficult to tell apart.
D. The company threatens to pay the workers less.
D. Kierkegaard is today regarded as amongst history's best thinkers; however, when he was alive in the 19th century, he faced a lot of mockery.
A. The similarity between Picasso and Braque started in 1909 and ended in 1912, and what they produced during this period is impossible to tell apart.
13. Jack is afraid he'll gain weight if he stops smoking. A. Jack is afraid of smoking.
B. From 1909 until 1912, Picasso and Braque copied each other’s paintings, so it’s hard to know to which a certain painting belongs.
B. Jack is afraid he’ll become fat if he gives up smoking, C. Jack does not realize the dangers of smoking.
C. From 1909 to 1912, Picasso and Braque worked together so closely that their works were often difficult to distinguish.
D. Jack is afraid he’ll lose weight if he does not smoke. 14. No one but James knew how to solve the problem.
D. Separating a Braque from a Picasso can be nearly impossible, especially when you look at their work of 1909-12.
A. The problem couldn’t be solved by anyone.
20. I was the last to know about the accident.
B. Everyone knew how to solve the problem.
A. At last I knew about the accident.
C. James was the only one who couldn’t solve the problem. D. Only James could solve the problem.
B. Everyone heard about the accident before I did. C. I wasn't informed of the accident at all.
15. "If you don't pay the ransom, we'll kill your boy," the kidnappers told us.
D. The last thing I must know now is the accident.
A. The kidnappers pledged to kill our boy if we did not pay the ransom.
21. The plane was supposed to land at 6:00, but the flight was thirty minutes ahead of schedule.
B. The kidnappers threatened to kill our boy if we refused to pay the ransom, C. The kidnappers ordered to kill our hoy if we did not pay the ransom.
A. The plane was on time.
D. The kidnappers promised to kill our boy if we refused to pay the ransom.
B. The plane landed at 5:30.
16. The critics tore Into much of Picasso's work, mostly because of a failure to understand that he was trying to break away from the traditions of the Renaissance.
C. The landing was delayed for half an hour.
A. Most critics disliked the art of Picasso and tried to separate themselves from the anti-Renaissance movement in case it didn’t succeed.
22. Because she was irritated by her husband's Sack of punctuality, she left him.
B. It is critical to realize that Picasso wanted to get rid of the Renaissance and its methods because they were too restricting.
B. Irritated by her husband, she punctually left him.
C. Sympathy from the critics was not something Picasso received because he opposed the traditional ideas of the Renaissance.
D. She left her husband because of her ứritation with his lack of punctuality.
D. Picasso, in his attempt to escape the old Renaissance habits through his art, faced strong attacks by the critics who couldn’t see this. 17. They bought a gift that was very expensive for their son. A. Their son bought an expensive gift for his birthday. B. The gift was so expensive that they did not buy it. C. They give their son a gift that was very expensive. D. Although the gift was inexpensive, they did not buy it. 18. The workers are threatening to go on strike unless the company raises the hourly wage.
D. The plane didn’t land until 6:30. A. Being irritating by her husband’s lack of punctuality, she left him. C. Irritating with her husband’s lack of punctuality, she left him. 23. Melancholy songs sung to the accompaniment of a guitar form the basis of Argentine folk music. A. Argentine people often play guitar while they are singing their melancholy folk melodies. B. The guitar complements the voice to make up the folk music of Argentina, which tends to be melancholy. C. The folk music of Argentina is grounded on sad songs sung while a guitar plays along. D. Were Argentine folk music not sung to the accompaniment of a guitar, it would not be so sad. 24. Fewer people came to the meeting than we had expected. A. We had expected more people to come to the meeting.
B. There were more people at the meeting than we had expected, C. Too many people came to the meeting.
B. Male orang-utans can be very similar to male chimpanzees, in terms of both then’ height and their weight.
D. There were not enough seats for all the people as we had expected.
C. Though a male chimpanzee is barely shorter than a male orang-utan, the former’s weight can be less than half of the latter’s.
25. Slightly more than twenty five percent of the students in the class come from Spanishspeaking countries. A. The majority of the students in the class do not speak Spanish.
D. Male chimpanzees are not only much shorter than male orang-utans, but they also tend to weigh much less as well.
B. Seventy-five percent of the students in the class speak Spanish.
31. She usually drinks a glass of milk before going to bed every night.
C. The percentage of the students who speak Spanish is less than twenty-five percent.
A. She used to drink a glass of milk before going to bed every night.
D. About twenty-five percent of the students in the class speak languages other than Spanish.
B. She is used to drinking a glass of milk before going to bed every night, C. She is used to going to bed before drinking a glass of milk every night.
26. "My company makes a large profit every year. Why don't you invest more money in it?" my friend said to me.
D. She gets accustomed to a glass of milk before going to bed every night.
A. My friend persuaded me to invest more money in his company.
32. They are watering the flowers.
B. My friend suggested his investing more money in his company.
A. The flowers are being watered by them.
C. My friend instructed me how to put more money into his company.
B. They need some water and flowers, C. There are some waters on the flowers.
D. I was asked to invest more money in my friend’s company. 27. There's a small piece of plastic that goes onto the end of this wire that I can't find anywhere.
D. They are putting the flowers in water. 33. The man had his dirty car washed at last.
A. I’ve looked everywhere for the tiny plastic thing that belongs on the end of this wire, but I can’t find it.
A. The car got dừtỵ last week.
B. Whenever I try to find a small plastic bit for the tip of this wire, I can only find ones that do not fit.
C. Someone finally washed the man’s car.
C. No matter where it is, the small plastic bit that belongs on the end of this wire isn’t likely to fit anymore.
34. There is only one elderly speaker of the Yagan language alive, though there is some interest in reviving the language among the Yagan people.
D. While looking everywhere for the plastic bit to put on the tip of this wire, I remembered that it might not fit.
A. Despite efforts to revive the Yagan language by the Yagan people, there is only one speaker of it left, and that person is very old.
28. We used to have a box at the post office, but now we get our mail delivered. A. We have a box at the post office now.
B. People of Yagan heritage are unlikely to want to learn the Y’agan language, which is now only spoken by a single old person.
B. We take our mail to the post office, C. We do not get any mail.
C. Some people of Yagan ancestry are willing to revive the Yagan language, the last speaker of which is now old.
D. The mailman brings our mail to us. 29. Tom had eaten the whole cake, so he felt sick.
D. In spite of some interest among the Yagan people in renewing the Yagan language, it is not likely to happen, as just one old speaker of it remains.
A. If Tom had eaten the whole cake, he would have felt sick.
35. "Please accept my apology for arriving late," said Janet to her employer.
B. If Tom hadn’t eaten the whole cake, he wouldn’t have felt sick, C. Tom feels sick because he has eaten the whole cake.
A. Janet apologised to her employer for her late arrival.
D. If Tom hadn’t eaten the whole cake, he wouldn’t feel sick.
B. The man’s dirty car did not last. D. The man got dirty when he washed the car.
B. Janet thought she would apologise to her employer for arriving late, C. Janet quickly made an apology and the employer accepted it.
30. A male orang-utan is just a bit taller than a male chimpanzee, but can weigh over twice as much.
D. Janet had to make an apology because her employer demanded it.
A. A male chimpanzee is extremely short as compared to a male orang-utan, but the weights of the two animals are basically the same.
A. We are going to go for a walk.
36. Shall we go for a walk? B. We shall walk together.
C. What about going for a walk?
C. If he ever refuses you, come and see me.
D. Why didn’t we go for a walk?
D. If you come and see me, you should refuse him.
37. Mary thought that the dress would fit but she had to exchange it later.
44. My father likes nothing better than fishing on a hot, summer day.
A. Mary exchanged the dress because she didn’t like it.
A. My father doesn’t like fishing on a hot, summer day.
B. Mary was too late to exchange the dress.
B. My father loves to eat hot fish on summer days.
C. Mary considered exchanging the dress, but she changed her mind.
C. Fishing is my father’s favourite enjoyment on a hot, summer day.
D. Mary exchanged the dress for another one of a different size.
D. Although my father likes fishing, he doesn’t want to do it on a hot, summer day.
38. A full appreciation of a Euripides play is not possible unless one Is aware of his use of irony.
45. Khalil Gibran's simple writing style conveys deep spiritual messages in a way that is easy to understand.
A. Even if one knows how Euripides uses irony, it is impossible to completely appreciate one of his plays.
A. Khalil Gibran’s deep spiritual subject matter is not hard to grasp, as he writes in a style that is not complex.
B. One of Euripides’ plays contains irony, but it is not possible to fully understand which one it is.
B. If Khalil Gibran had not written in such a simple way, few people would have comprehended the spiritual messages of his writing.
C. A total understanding of the role of irony in each of Euripides’ plays is necessary to enjoying any of them. D. A Euripides play can only be partially appreciated without a realization of the irony within it.
C. The deep spừitual subject matter in Khalil Gibran is not hard to grasp, despite the manner in which he wrote.
Ạ. My rather always gets lost.
D. By writing in a style that was not complex, Khalil Gibran allowed everyone to understand the deep spiritual things he was saying.
B. My father has trouble following maps, C. My father can’t read maps at all.
46. Some doctors claim St. John's wort Is effective In treating mild depression, while others say it has no effect.
39. My father finds maps hard to follow.
D. Map-reading is not interesting to my father at all. 40. The whole neighbourhood tikes Mrs Capps in spite of her odd habits. A. Mrs. Capps is a popular person in the neighbourhood. B. Mrs. Capps lives in a strange neighbourhood, C. Everyone in the neighbourhood wears caps. D. The neighbours act oddly towards Mrs. Capps.
A. If someone is suffering mild depression, they should consult then- doctor about whether or not St. John’s wort will be an effective treatment. B. Although St. John’s wort has been proven effective against moderate depression, a number of doctors continue to deny this fact. C. Moderate depression can be effectively treated with St. John’s wort according to some doctors, though others deny this.
41. A Chicago-styte hot dog includes many things, but not ketchup.
D. Only the doctors who believe St. John’s wort is effective against mild depression will use it in treatment; other doctors refuse to do so.
A. If ketchup is not included as one of a hot dog’s ingredients, then it is called a Chicago-style hot dog.
47. With six children on her hands, she's extremely busy.
B. Ketchup is just one of the many ingredients used in a Chicago-style hot dog. C. A Chicago-style hot dog rarely uses ketchup as one of its numerous ingredients.
B. Her six children’s hands always make her busy, C. She’s too busy to look after her six children.
D. Ketchup is never one of the numerous ingredients put on a Chicago-style hot dog. 42. We were all surprised when she suddenly came back. A. All of us were amazing to see her come back. B. The fact that we were surprised made her come back.
A. She’s very busy because she always carries her six children.
D. With six children to look after, she’s extremely busy. 48. The lecture to be held in the auditorium is open to the public and free of charge. A. The auditorium will not be open for the lecture.
C. All of us found it surprising that she suddenly came back.
B. The public auditorium charged a fee for the lecture, C. The lecture is an open discussion of public matters.
D. She was surprised, coming back suddenly.
D. Admittance to the lecture is ửee.
43. Should he refuse you, come and see me.
49. The situation was so embarrassing that she did not know what to do.
A. Refuse, and come to see me.
A. It was such an embarrassing situation; however, she did not know what to do.
B. He shouldn’t refuse you.
B. So embarrassing was the situation that she did not know what to do. C. So embarrassing the situation was that she did not know what to do. D. She did not know what to do, though it was not an embarrassing situation.
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50. The first known serial killer was actually a woman, known as Locusta, a professional poisoner who lived in Rome during the 1st century AD.
1. She would not apologize even though she was sorry.
A. The first serial killer in 1st century Rome is supposed to have been a woman called Loeusta, who used to poison her victims.
B. She was not Sony, but she apologized, C. She was sorry that she did not apologize.
B. Around the 1st century AD in Rome, there was a serial killer by the name of Locusta who worked as a professional poisoner.
D. She was sorry that she had apologized.
C. In the 1st century AD in Rome lived the first recorded serial killer, in fact a woman by the name of Locusta, who poisoned people for a living.
A. He wanted to know how much I got for a salary.
D. Around the 1st century AD in Rome, there lived a professional poisoner by the name of Locusta, who was apparently the first female serial killer.
A. She was sorry, but she would not apologize.
2. He asked me how I earned my living. B. He wanted to know what my job was. C. He wanted to know how I lived. D. He wanted to know how I enjoyed my life. 3. I can't help feeling worried about Tom. A. I cannot help Tom stop worrying. B. I don’t worry about Tom. C. I find it impossible not to worry about Tom. D. I can do nothing to help Tom. 4. Many people think that Perugia chocolate is superior to GhirardelSi chocolate. A. Perugia chocolate is thought by some people to be very similar to Ghirardelli chocolate. B. Some people consider the taste of Perugia chocolate just as good as that of Ghirardelli chocolate. C. Almost everyone knows that Perugia chocolate is far better than Ghừardelli chocolate. D. Ghirardelh chocolate is not thought to be as good as Perugia chocolate by a large number of people. 5. I would rather have an egg for breakfast. A. I would eat an egg if I was hungry. B. I prefer to have an egg for breakfast, C. I’ll have an egg if there’s nothing else. D. I don’t want an egg for breakfast. 6. He makes a better a husband than father. A. He is more successful as a husband than as a father. B. Fathers are usually good husbands, C. His father is better than her husband. D. He tries to be a good husband and father. 7. Hypnotherapy is one among the many different methods that people use to try to quit smoking. A. There are a great number of means people use in an attempt to break their smoking habit, and one of them is hypnotherapy.
B. Smokers try a great many different methods to quit smoking, but the most effective is thought to be hypnotherapy.
C. When Dan Brown is writing, he has his feet on the ceiling in gravity boots, because this enables him to dead with difficult points in his plots.
C. Anyone who has difficulty breaking their smoking habit ought to try hypnotherapy, as it is more effective than other methods.
D. If Dan Brown is seen upside-down wearing gravity boots, it means that he’s got stuck on a difficult point in his story and is trying to work it out.
D. Though smoking is a difficult habit to break, attempting to quit through hypnotherapy is certainly worth trying.
14. Throughout his life, the fisherman suffered from great poverty.
8. Fiona has been typing the report for an hour.
B. The fisherman’s life was one of great poverty.
A. It took Fiona an hour to type the report.
C. Poverty prevented the fisherman from enjoying life.
A. The fisherman was so poor that he died young.
B. Fiona finished the report an hour ago.
D. Although the fisherman was poor, he led a great life.
C. It is an hour since Fiona started typing the report.
15. Richard shouldn't have forgotten that yesterday was his wife's birthday.
D. Fiona will finish typing the report in an hour.
A. Richard’s wife forgot her own birthday.
9. At the restaurant I eventually went for a pilav ustu, but it turned out to be very small.
B. Richard failed to remember the date of his wife’s birthday. C. Richard had a birthday which his wife forgot.
A. The restaurant where I had gone in order to eat pilav ustu turned out to be a tiny place. B. After a while, I set off for the restaurant to eat a pilav ustu, but the one they brought out to me was tiny.
D. Yesterday Richard remembered when his wife’s birthday was.
C. The restaurant that I finally arrived at made pilav ustu, but it appeared that it wasn’t very big.
16. The Spanish were unable to beat down the forces of Abd el-Krim in Morocco until they were backed up by the French and started using chemical weapons.
D. When I was given the pilav ustu that I had finally decided on at the restaurant, it wasn’t anywhere near as big as I’d expected.
A. The soldiers of Abd el-Krim were forced to withdraw by the French, who fired chemical weapons at them in support of the previously ineffective Spanish.
10. He won't find a seat unless he's got a ticket. A. He has got a ticket, and 80 will find a seat.
B. In Morocco, before the intervention of the French and the use of chemical weapons, the Spanish had been able to beat up the soldiers of Abd el-Krim.
B. He can’t find a seat although he has a ticket, C. He will only get a seat if he has a ticket.
C. It was only with French support and the use of chemical weapons that the Spanish were able to defeat the warriors of Abd el-Krim in Morocco.
D. He will be able to get a ticket if he finds a seat. 11. Very few people survived the disaster.
D. Up to the time that the Spanish started using chemical weapons on the warriors of Abd el-Krim, those fighters had resisted them and forced the French to withdraw.
A. Few people died in the disaster.
17. "I will not leave until I see the manager," said the customer.
B. Most people were saved the disaster.
A. The customer was persuaded to see the manager before leaving.
C. Not many people were still alive after the disaster.
B. The customer said he would leave before he saw the manager, C. The customer refused to leave until he saw the manager.
D. Only few people lost their lives in the disaster. 12. Unless someone has a key, we cannot get into the house. A. We could not get into the house if someone had a key. B. If someone does not have a key, we can only get into the house, C. We can only get into the house if someone has a key. D. If someone did not have a key, we could not get into the house.
D. The customer decided to leave because he did not see the manager. 18. We could just discern the buildings through the fog. A. We could hardly see the buildings through the fog. B. We could imagine the buildings through the fog. C. The fog prevented us from seeing the buildings. D. We could just make out the buildings through the fog.
13. Oars Brown uses gravity boots while writing, because he finds it easier to work out difficult points in his plots while hanging upside-down from the ceiling.
19. Most students in the class get good grades, but Henry is the exception.
A. The difficulties in the storylines of Dan Brown’s books can only be resolved by him when he is hanging upside-down from the ceiling.
A. Henry made the best grade in his class. B. Henry is an exceptionally good student.
B. Dan Brown understands the hard parts of his stories better when he is hanging upside-down from the ceiling in gravity boots.
C. Henry’s classmates receive good grades, but he doesn’t. D. Henry is one of the better students in his class.
20. The Whig party passed a law to expand the number of British voters in the face of severe opposition by the Tory party.
26. My sister speaks little German.
A. In Britain, the severe opposition of the Tory party to the law proposed by tile Whig party was due to the fact that it would increase the number of voters.
B. My sister speaks German softly, C. My sister speaks German badly.
B. A larger number of British voters supported the passing of a law by the Whigs, regardless of the strong opposition of the Tories.
D. My sister doesn’t speak much German.
C. In Britain, when the Whig party proposed to increase the number of voters, it had to face strong opposition from the Tory party.
A. My sister can speak German rather well.
27. However worthless they may seem to most of us, refreshing towels are avidly collected by enthusiasts. A. In the opinion of many, collecting refreshing towels is a complete waste of time.
D. The Tory party was strongly against a proposal to enable more British people to vote, yet the Whig party voted it into law.
B. Most of us may not be aware of the value of refreshing towels; however, enthusiasts spend a fortune on them.
21. She knows a lot more about it than I do. A. I know as much about it as she does.
C. Collectors enthusiastically make collections of refreshing towels despite them apparent worthlessness to most of us.
B. I do not know as much about it as she does, C. She does not know so much about it as I do.
D. It’s surprising how many people are enthusiastically taking up the hobby of refreshing towel collecting.
D. I know much more about it than she does.
28. To my surprise, the stranger knew my name.
22. Although they are sisters, they do not look alike.
A. It surprised the stranger that I knew my name
A. They do not look alike even though they are sisters.
B. What surprised me most was the stranger’s name. C. I was surprised that the stranger knew my name.
B. They do not look alike because they’re not sisters. C. They look alike but they are not sisters.
D. My name was the only thing the stranger knew.
B. The sisters look alike.
29. My purpose in calling this meeting is to present the latest sales figures.
23. I'd like to know more about the religions of the world.
A. I have called this meeting in order to present the latest sales figures.
A. I’m interested in learning more about world religions.
B. I aimed to call this meeting because I wanted to know the latest sales figures. C. I have called this meeting in order that I would present the latest sales figures.
B. I like all world religions, C. I’m a very religious person.
D. Both A and C are correct.
D. World religions do not concern me.
30. Once John realized that he had made a mistake, he went back and corrected it.
24. The jockey had the finish line in sight from the moment the starting gate opened.
A. John forgot that he needed to correct a mistake.
A. Being able to see the finish line clearly from the moment the gates are opened is advantageous to a jockey.
B. John corrected the mistake which he had made, C. Going back was the mistake John made.
B. Seeing that the finish line had come into view, the jockey focused all of his attention on crossing it first to win the race. C. From the opening of the gates at the start of the race to its end, the jockey could clearly see the finish line. D. The horses in the race were taught by their jockeys to look towards the finish line from the instant the gates opened. 25. Mrs. Smith is no longer beautiful because of her hard life. A. Mrs. Smith is beautiful although her life is hard. B. Mrs. Smith lives a long life because she is beautiful. C. No longer is Mrs. Smith beautiful because of her hard life. D. Although Mrs. Smith is not beautiful, her life is happy.
D. John corrected one mistake but neglected the others. 31. Besides being one of England's greatest poets, John Milton worked as a propagandist for England's short-lived republic. A. During the short time that John Milton was creating propaganda for the republic in England, he also wrote some of the best poems that have ever existed in English literature. B. John Milton not only wrote propaganda on behalf of the English republic, which didn’t last very long, but he also wrote some of the best poetry in English literature. C. John Milton wrote both great English poetry and great propaganda for the English republic, which was limited in its time span. D. John Milton wrote his poetry, which is regarded as being some of the greatest in English literature, in the form of propaganda for the temporary English republic. 32. William decided that an actor's life was not for him.
A. William didn’t like to be an actor. B. William said that an actor’s life was boring.
D. Babur’s decision to launch an attack into India occurred when he was staying in Kabul, far from his own country
C. William decided that he wasn’t cut out for being an actor.
39. She asked me how I earned my living.
D. According to William, he was born to be an actor.
A. She asked how much money I was paid.
33. Tom acts as if he knew everything. A. Tom knows everything so he acts that way.
B. She wanted to know whether I enjoyed my life or not. C. She asked what my job was.
B. The way he acts shows that Tom knows everything.
D. She asked me whether he could afford to live well.
C. Tom acts like that if he knew everything.
40. He can hardly see at all without glasses.
D. Tom doesn’t know everything but he wants to appear he does.
A. He can see without glasses if he tries hard.
34. Cortes first encountered the Aztecs when he was exploring the western coast of Mexico.
B. He can’t see everything without glasses. C. He can see even if he doesn’t wear glasses.
A. During his expedition, Cortes didn’t meet any Aztecs, except on the western coast of Mexico. B. During his expedition on the western coast of Mexico, Cortes came across the Aztecs for the first time.
D. He is practically blind without glasses. 41. While Whitewater rafting is considered to be an extremely dangerous sport, it is popular.
C. Cortes was the first person to meet the Aztecs when they were exploring western Mexico.
A. The more dangerous Whitewater rafting becomes, the more popular the sport seems to get.
D. Cortes met the Aztecs again during the time he was touring on the western Mexican coast.
B. Whitewater rafting attracts many people, despite the fact that it is a sport that is highly dangerous.
35. The boy was not allowed to have any friends, so he felt lonely. A. Having no friends, the boy felt so lonely. B. Not having friends, they made the boy feel lonely. C. Having a lot of friends, the boy felt lonely. D. Deprived of friends, the boy felt lonely. 36. The film star wore dark glasses so that no-one would recognize him. A. The film star wanted to be recognized by wearing dark glasses. B. The glasses were so dark that the film star couldn’t see anyone. C. Everyone could recognize the film star because he wore dark glasses. D. The film star wore dark glasses in order not to be recognized. 37. The medicine made him drowsy so he wasn't able to drive while taking it, This sentence means that
C. It is the danger of the sport of Whitewater rafting that makes it attractive to so many people. D. Whitewater rafting is dangerous, so it is less popular than other kinds of sport. 42. Walking on the grass in the park is not permitted. A. People like walking on the grass in the park. B. We do not have to walk on the grass in the park, C. We must not walk on the grass in the park. D. You can walk on the grass in the park if you want to. 43. 1347 is the year when a Genoese ship brought the Black Death from Caffa in the Biack Sea to Sicily via the Bosphorus. A. The Black Death was earned in 1347 by a Genoese ship from Caffa in the Black Sea to Sicily, after having- passed through the Bosphorus.
A. He was too sleepy to take the medicine.
B. The Bosphorus was the only route which Genoese ships used in order to go from Caffa to Sicily, and that is how the Black Death was carried there in 1347.
B. He took the medicine while he was driving, C. He couldn’t drive while he took the medicine.
C. The Black Death started out in Caffa in the Black Sea, and from there it was taken to Sicily, through the Bosphorus, on a Genoese ship in 1347.
D. He felt drowsy, so he didn’t have to take the medicine
D. 1347 is the year in which the Black Death, which reached Sicily on a Genoese ship that had come down the Bosphorus, first appeared in Caffa.
38. Babur was living far away from his homeland in Kabul when he decided to invade Indi? A. Babur, who was in his homeland Kabul, which was so far away from India, still decided to invade that country.
44. The only thing that kept us out of prison was the way he spoke the local dialect.
B. Babur was thinking about attacking India although it was so far away from his homeland in Kabul.
B. We were sent to prison because he spoke only one dialect, C. We sent him to prison because he spoke the local dialect.
C. Babur chose to return to his homeland, India, when he was living far away from it in Kabul.
A. The way he spoke the local dialect was unique.
D. But for his command of the local dialect, we would have been put in prison. 45. I spent more time on the last question than I did on the first four.
A. I answered only the first question. B. I failed to get the last question.
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C. The last question was the most difficult for me.
1. Without the causeway linking it with Saudi Arabia, fewer people would visit Bahrain.
D. I found the final question easier than the other questions.
A. A lot of people visiting Saudi Arabia also visit Bahrain using the causeway linking the two countries.
46. Is it essential to meet your aunt at the station? A. Did your aunt have to be met at the station? B. Does your aunt have to meet at the station? C. Does your aunt have to be met at the station? D. Was your aunt met at the station? 47. Henri Bergson was originally a strong supporter of the theories of Herbert Spencer, but later on he completely changed his position. A. Before Henri Bergson started to move away from the views of Herbert Spencer, he had supported most of his theories.
B. There wouldn’t be so many visitors to Bahrain if there weren’t a causeway connecting it to Saudi Arabia. C. Most visitors to Bahrain get to the country by crossing the causeway linking it to Saudi Arabia. D. Since there is no longer a causeway connecting Bahrain to Saudi Arabia, very few people take trips there. 2. You'd better put some first aid cream on that cut before it gets infected. A. The infection is better. B. You should put cream on that infected cut.
B. Henri Bergson became a less passionate supporter of Herbert Spencer when the latter totally altered his views.
C. You need to treat that cut in order to prevent infection.
C. Henri Bergson became a firm opponent of the ideas of Herbert Spencer, although once he had enthusiastically believed in them.
3. Twice as many men as women are insurance agents.
D. Henri Bergson, whose original ideas had the backing of Herbert Spencer, totally changed his views later in his life.
B. Women are twice as likely as men to have insurance.
48. It is open to question as to whether Jane will get the job.
D. Male insurance agents Outnumber female agents.
A. The question is whether Jane will get the job or not.
4. Although Copernicus started a revolution in astronomy, he hardly ever looked at the stars.
B. It is not certain that Jane will get the job. C. Jane is being interviewed for the job.
A. Copernicus almost never made any observations of the stars, yet he set off an enormous change in astronomy.
D. If Jane could answer the question, she would get the job.
B. Copernicus was able to start a 1-evolution in astronomy because he constantly observed the stars.
49. How long have you had this watch?
C. Had Copernicus looked at the stars more often, he would have begun a revolution in astronomy.
A. When did you buy this watch?
D. It was through his repeated observations of the stars that Copernicus radically altered the science of astronomy.
B. Since when did you buy this watch? C. How long have you bought this watch?
D. Be careful not to cut yourself. A. More men than women have insurance. C. Insurance is twice as difficult to sell to women as to men.
5. Conan said to me, "If I were you, I would read different types of books in different ways."
D. Since when have you bought this watch?
A. Conan ordered me to read different types of books in different ways.
50. No matter how hard Fred tried to lose weight, he did not succeed.
B. I said to Conan to read different types of books in different ways to me. C. I read different types of books in different ways to Conan as he told me.
A. It did not matter whether Fred could lose weight. B. However hard Fred tried, he could not lose weight, C. Fred tried very hard to lose weight and succeeded. D. It was hard for Fred to lose weight because he never succeeded.
D. Conan advised me to read different types of books in different ways. 6. There isn't much call for cars with large engines any more. A. Not many people want to buy cars with large engines any more. B. No longer are cars bought by telephoning. C. More and more people want to buy cars with large engines. D. People don’t buy cars by calling any longer. 7. This conference wouldn't have been possible without your organization. A. If you didn’t organize, this conference wouldn’t have been possible.
B. Your organization made it possible for this conference to take place. C. If it had been for your organization, this conference wouldn’t have been possible. D. It’s possible that your organization made this conference impossible.
B. I only called the police when I had tried everything else, C. I only called the police at last. D. I only called the police at the last moment.
8. While the modem sonata form was invented by the composer Haydn, Beethoven greatly expanded the form's possibilities.
14. The "missing sun motif is an element in many mythologies of the world, and may have been used to explain the disappearance of the sun at night.
A. At the same time that the composer Haydn was creating the modern sonata form, its possibilities were being greatly expanded by Beethoven.
A. Most of the world’s mythologies attempted to explain the sun’s vanishing at night time by using the “missing sun motif’.
B. Haydn was the composer who created the modern sonata form, but its possibilities were considerably widened by Beethoven.
B. Because the sun seems to disappear at night, lots of the world’s mythologies created the “missing sun motif’ in order to be able to explain it.
C. Beethoven helped Haydn, the composer of the modern sonata form, to widen the possibilities of the form.
C. The night time vanishing of the sun might be the reason behind the “missing sun motif’ that exists in a lot of the world’s mythologies.
D. The composers Haydn and Beethoven worked together to create and then expand the possibilities of the modem sonata form.
D. Most of the mythologies of the world used to use the “missing sun motif’ to explain the sun’s nightly disappearance
9. John was supposed to be here at 8 o'clock, but he's late.
15. I wasn't a bit surprised to hear that Karen had changed her job.
A. John arrived at 9:00
A. That Karen had changed her job surprised me a bit.
B. John arrived at 8:00. C. John arrived too late to see his friend.
B. I was surprised that Karen hadn’t changed her job. C. Surprisingly, Karen had changed her job.
D. John should have arrived at 8:00, but he didn’t.
D. It came as no surprise to me to hear that Karen had changed her job.
10. Frank doesn't care if Jean leaves or stays.
16. We would have had a better time at the party if we had known some of the other guests.
A. Whatever Jean does is all right with Frank.
A. We knew none of the people at the party.
B. Frank wants Jean to stay.
B. We knew almost every person at the party.
C. Jean will stay, but Frank wants her to leave.
C. We guess we had a better time at the party than the other people.
D. Jean wants to leave unless Frank stays.
D. We had a good time with the guests at the party.
11. In the 18th century, the Divan poetry of the Ottoman Empire began to be influenced by Turkish folk poetry.
17. "Leave my house now or I'll call the police!" shouted the lady to the man.
A. The Divan poetry of the Ottoman Empire was only affected by Turkish folk poetry during the 1700s.
B. The lady said that she would call the police if the man didn’t leave her house.
B. In the 18th century, the Divan poetry of the Ottoman Empire was greatly influenced by poetry in the Turkish language, C. Turkish folk poetry started to affect the Ottoman Empire’s Divan poetry in the 1700s.
A. The lady threatened to call the police if the man didn’t leave her house. C. The lady told the man that she would call the police if he didn’t leave her house. D. The lady informed the man that she would call the police if he didn’t leave her house. 18. The idea that a duck's quack does not echo was recently proven to be wrong by acoustics experts at the University of Salford.
D. Throughout the 18th century, Turkish folk poetry had the greatest influence on the Divan poetry of the Ottoman Empire.
A. An idea that the quack of a duck does not echo has recently arisen, and experts in acoustics at the University of Salford are trying to prove it wrong.
12. She did not study hard enough to win the scholarship.
B. A short while ago, experts in acoustics at the University of Salford proved that the idea that the quack of a duck does not make an echo was false.
A. She studied hard but she could not win the scholarship. B. Winning the scholarship did not make her study harder. C. She could have won the scholarship if she had studied harder.
C. Recently, a duck’s quack was actually heard to echo by experts in acoustics at the University of Salford, and this disproved the idea that it does not.
13. I only called the police as a last resort
D. Because the quack of a duck does not actually echo, it was easy for acoustics experts at the University of Salford to disprove that myth.
A. I only called the police when it was special.
19. If I'd known about Josie's illness, I wouldn't have missed seeing her.
D. It was very hard for her to win the scholarship.
A. I saw Josie, and I knew she was ill.
B. I didn’t know Josie was ill, but I saw her. C. I didn’t know Josie was ill, and I didn’t see her. D. I didn’t see Josie, although I knew she was ill. 20. Instead of waiting until tomorrow or Wednesday, Bob wants to get right to work. A. Bob wants to begin working tomorrow. B. Bob wants to forget about the work, C. Bob wants to begin work immediately.
B. The Confederates lost power over the Mississippi River because Vicksburg fortress had been taken by Union forces. C. The fortress of Vicksburg would have been kept by the Confederates if Union forces had not taken control of the Mississippi River. D. The Confederates would only have been able to gain control of the Mississippi River if they had not been defeated by Union forces at Vicksburg fortress. 26. He last had his eyes tested ten months ago.
D. Bob wants to begin work on Wednesday.
A. He had tested his eyes ten months before.
21. She prefers going to the library to staying at home
B. He had not tested his eyes for ten months then, C. He hasn’t had his eyes tested for ten months.
A. She would rather go to the library than stay at home. B. She likes nothing better than going to the library. C. She does not like either going to the library or staying at home. D. She stays at home instead of going to the library. 22. A daily catamaran links Tasucu in Mersin with Girne in North Cyprus, unless the weather is bad. A. The catamaran connecting Tasucu in Mersin with Girne in North Cyprus runs every day, whether the weather is good or not.
D. He didn’t have any test on his eyes in ten months. 27. "Are you doing anything special this week?" Carlos asked Jean. A. Jean said that this week is special. B. Carlos told Jean something special. C. Carlos asked Jean if she had any plans this week. D. Carlos asked Jean if she had anything special for him. 28. The question is too important to forget.
B. In case the weather isn’t good, there is also a catamaran that goes from Tasucu in Mersin to Girne in North Cyprus every day.
A. We must ask the question.
C. Even if the weather is good, the catamaran between Tasucu in Mersin and Girne in North Cyprus doesn’t make its trip every day.
C. We must try to forget the question.
D. If the weather is alright, it is possible to cross from Tasucu in Mersin to Gime in North Cyprus every day by catamaran.
29. If the 'Indian state of Rajasthan was an independent country, it would be the 61st largest in the world*
23. Mrs. Jones told me that her neighbors were moving to Florida. A. Mrs. Jones is planning to move to Florida with her neighbors.
A. There would only be 60 independent countries larger than Rajasthan, were it to be an independent country rather than a state in India.
B. Mrs. Jones and her neighbors live in Florida.
B. The 61st largest state in the world is Rajasthan in the independent nation of India.
C. I knew that Mrs. Jones had moved to Florida because her neighbors told me. D. “My neighbors are moving to Florida,” said Mrs. Jones.
C. The Indian state of Rajasthan will be the 61st largest nation on earth as soon as it becomes independent.
24. Had I known more about computer programming, I would have worked for a computer company.
D. Were the Indian state of Rajasthan made independent, it would be larger than 61 other countries in the world.
A. I didn’t know much about computer programming so I didn’t work for a computer company.
30. Not many people attended the meeting.
B. A better knowledge of computer programming will help me find a job in a computer company.
A. There was a poor turn-out for the meeting.
C. I wish I knew more about computer programming and could work for a computer company.
B. People didn’t show up at the meeting, C. No people came to the meeting.
D. Knowing more about computer programming, I would find a job in a computer company. 25. Had the Union army not seized the fortress of Vicksburg, the Mississippi River would have remained in Confederate control. A. The Union army captured the fortress of Vicksburg from the Confederates, and then went on to capture the Mississippi River as well.
B. The question is not important. D. We must remember the question.
D. Too many people turned out at the meeting. 31. He called his sister names. A. He called his sister’s names. B. He was angry with his sister. C. He called his sister by many different names.
D. He loved his sister very much.
38. I don't have the faintest idea what a caricature is.
32. If the Incas hadn't lived in the Andes Mountains, they wouldn't have made terraces for their agriculture.
A. I don’t know the idea of caricature.
A. Terraces weren’t necessary for Incan agriculture because the Incas didn’t stay in the Andes Mountains.
B. I don’t know what a caricature is. C. I’m not familiar with what a caricature is. D. I have no idea of the faintest caricature.
B. The Incas didn’t build terraces for their agriculture when they were away from the Andes Mountains.
39. Academics disagree over whether there was a massive flood of water into the Black Sea around 5600 BC.
C. The Incas made terraces for farming because their homes were in the Andes Mountains.
A. Although a very large amount of water flooded into the Black Sea sometime around 5600 BC, some academics refuse to accept that it happened.
D. When the Incas settled in the Andes Mountains, they found terraces for farming there. A. That forests are being cut down carelessly results from soil erosion.
B. Some academics think that there was an enormous flood of water into the Black Sea sometime around 5600 BC, while others don’t.
B. Soil erosion contributes to forests being cut down carelessly, C. Soil erosion results in forests being cut down carelessly.
C. How the Black Sea was flooded in the year 5600 BC is something that academics cannot come to an agreement on.
D. That forests are being cut down carelessly leads to soil erosion. 34. Scarcely had the man left when the bomb exploded.
D. Academics can’t agree with each other over when the Black Sea received an enormous flood of water, although some think i t was around 5600 BC.
A. The bomb had exploded before the man left.
40. "You should have finished the report by now," John told his secretary.
33. Soil erosion is the result of forests being cut down carelessly.
B. No sooner had the man left than the bomb exploded, C. The man left and had the bomb exploded.
A. John reproached his secretary for not having finished the report.
D. The bomb went off because of the man.
B. John said that his secretary had not finished the report, C. John reminded his secretary of finishing the report on time.
35. The secret to success is hard work.
D. John scolded his secretary for not having finished the report.
A. Working hard ensures success.
41. The children made every effort to please their father.
B. One must work hard to keep secrets, C. One cannot succeed if he has secrets.
A. The children made little effort to please their father.
D. If you keep your work secret, you will succeed.
B. The children tried their best to please their father, C. Please make every effort to please the children.
36. Venice is threatened by high waters in the Adriatic; otherwise, it wouldn't be building the MOSE Project to stop the city from flooding.
42. It is said that he has broken several world records.
A. If Venice is at risk from the high waters of the Adriatic, it will construct the MOSE Project to prevent the city from flooding. B. Venice is only constructing the MOSE Project because it has to keep the high, waters of the Adriatic out of the city. C. Unless Venice comes under threat from the high Adriatic waters, it won’t build the MOSE Project to protect the city from flooding. D. The MOSE Project needs to be started to prevent Venice from flooding in case the high waters in the Adriatic become a bigger threat. 37. The coach's tactics were directly responsible for the team's defeat.
D. The children made few efforts to please their father. A. People said that he has obtained several world records. B. It is said that several world records have been destroyed by him. C. He is said that he has broken several world records. D. He is said to have broken several world records. 43. Wherever the Romans conquered, they created - or maintained — civilized cities. A. In the places that the Romans took control of, they either set up or protected civilized urban areas. B. Whenever the Romans took control of an area, they would set up and then maintain cultured cities in it.
A. The team lost because the coach had no tactics.
C. The civilized cities established or protected by the Romans were found all over their empire.
B. The team’s responsibility is to defeat the coach’s tactics, C. The coach directly guided the team, but had no responsibility.
D. The Romans conquered places in order to set up or maintain cultured cities. 44. It's been fourteen years since I last saw my brother.
D. The team lost as a direct consequence of the coach’s tactics.
A. I didn’t see my brother fourteen years ago.
B. I see my brother once every fourteen years, C. I haven’t seen my brother for fourteen years.
C. The current level of the sea means that the walkway to the Haji All Dargah in Mumbai cannot be used.
D. My brother is fourteen years old.
D. It is only possible to cross by the walkway to the Haji All Dargah in Mumbai while the tide is low.
45. The concert wasn't as good as we had expected. A. The concert wasn’t so good as we had seen. B. We expected the concert to be worse. C. We thought the concert would be much better. D. The concert was thought to be as good. 46. There have been many different theories on how the ancestors of the Rapa Nui people moved and then raised their 14-ton statues. A. Why the Rapa Nui people’s ancestors carried and then put up their 14-ton statues is not agreed upon by everybody. B. Different ideas have been put forward on whether the ancestors of the Rapa Nui people transported and then raised statues weighing 14 tons. C. There are a few convincing theories which explain how the Rapa Nui people put up their 14-ton statues after moving them. D. The method the Rapa Nui people’s ancestors used to transport and then put up their 14-ton statues has been the subject of a lot of different theories 47. Bob is sure to pass the examination. A. Bob knows he will pass the examination. B. Bob has a fair chance of passing the examination. C. Bob passed the examination with the greatest success. D. Bob will pass the examination without difficulty. 48. Much as he loved her, he didn't forgive her for what she had done. A. He didn’t forgive her for what she had done as he loved her. B. Although he loved her, he didn’t forgive her for what she had done. C. He didn’t forgive her for what she had done because she didn’t love him much. D. She didn’t love him as much as he loved her. 49. "We're having a reunion this weekend. Why don't you come?" John said to us. A. John cordially invited us to a reunion this weekend. B. John simply asked us why we wouldn’t come to a reunion, C. John didn’t understand why we came to a reunion. D. John asked us why we didn’t come to a reunion this weekend. 50. The walkway to the Haji All Dargah in Mumbai is impassable whenever there is a high tide. A. Because of the level of the sea around the Haji All Dargan in Mumbai, it is impossible to cross the walkway to it. B. When the tide is high, the Haji Ali Dargah and the walkway to it are underwater.
7. Historians are uncertain about why Indonesian peoples crossed all the way over the Indian Ocean to settle on Madagascar.
-311. Scientists say forests are being destroyed by air pollution. A. Scientists blame air pollution for the destruction of forests. B. Scientists are blamed for destroying forests, C. Forests are being destroyed by scientists. D. Scientists say that there’s much air pollution in the forests.
A. Historians are unsure why Indonesian peoples settled on islands all over the Indian Ocean, including on Madagascar. B. The reason why Indonesian peoples went from one side of the Indian Ocean to the other in order to settle on Madagascar is not clear to historians. C. How the Indonesian people managed to reach Madagascar after travelling around the Indian Ocean is something that historians are uncertain of.
2. No sooner had we arrived than the performance began.
D. Which Indonesian peoples travelled all the way across the Indian Ocean to set up homes on Madagascar is unknown to historians.
A. The performance had started before we arrived.
8. I am looking for a job as a secretary.
B. The performance started sooner than we arrived.
A. A secretary is looking for a job.
C. Hardly had we arrived when the performance began. D. When we arrived the performance had already started.
B. I am looking for someone to work as a secretary, C. I am trying to find a job as a secretary.
3. "If I were you, I would take the job,” said my roommate.
D. I accepted my job as a secretary.
A. My room-mate was thinking about taking the job.
9. She wanted to avoid an argument, so she said nothing.
B. My room-mate advised me to take the job.
A. She avoided an argument because she said nothing.
C. My room-mate introduced the idea of taking the job to me.
B. If she said nothing, she wanted to avoid an argument, C. She had nothing to say to avoid an argument.
D. My room-mate insisted on taking the job for me. 4. Although it was one of the most important battles in history, it is still not certain where exactly the Battle of Gaugamela took place.
D. She didn’t say a word to avoid an argument.
A. The location of the Battle of Gaugamela is uncertain, despite the fact that the battle was among history’s most important.
A. They were as wealthy as they were happy.
B. The reasons why the Battle of Gaugamela was fought are not clear, but it turned out to be one of history’s most significant battles.
C. Even if they were wealthy, they were not unhappy.
C. Nobody has any idea where the Battle of Gaugamela was fought, even though it is included among history’s important battles. D. Because of the Battle of Gaugamela’s importance to world history, historians want to be certain about where it occurred. 5. He found it extremely difficult to learn this subject.
10. Wealthy as they were, they were far from happy. B. They were not happy as they were wealthy. D. Although they were wealthy, they were not happy. 11. What people know and how they know it is-what the branch of philosophy called epistemology investigates. A. One area of philosophy, known as epistemology, is investigated by people who know how they have obtained their knowledge.
A. The subject was so easy that he could learn it well.
B. There is a branch of philosophy that is called epistemology and.that declares that people’s knowledge is the same thing as how they achieve that knowledge.
B. He did not find it difficult to learn the subject C. He had difficulty finding the subject.
C. Epistemology, which is a branch of philosophy, has finally managed to explain how people know the things that they know.
D. It was extremely difficult for him to learn this subject. 6. James blamed his younger brother for the damage.
D. The area of philosophy known as epistemology examines the things that people know and the ways in which they know them.
A. James said Ills younger brother had caused the damage.
12. I would be very grateful if you could send me the document.
B. James punished his younger brother for the damage.
A. I would appreciate your sending me the document.
C. James was responsible for his younger brother’s damage.
B. I was very grateful for your document.
D. James blamed the damage for his younger brother.
C. I’m upset about your not sending me the document.
D. Do not send me the document, please. 13. The way he kept clicking his fingers was very irritating. A. How he clicked his fingers made me irritated. B. I found it irritating to keep on clicking his fingers. C. I was very irritated by the way he kept clicking his fingers. D. His clicking fingers made me ừritated. 14. "It's too stuffy in this room, isn't it?" said the guest. A. The guest suggested that the room should be aired. B. The guest remarked that the room should be aired, C. The guest said that the room was too crowded. D. The guest said that there was too much stuff in the room. 15. The Catalan painter Joan Mlro once said that art critics were interested in being philosophers, but not in appreciating art.
A. I was told by Ralph that he had not had as difficult time playing the flute as had appeared, though it had been rather difficult. B. That playing the flute, despite not being easy, was somewhat easier than it appeared was what Ralph insisted upon to me. C. The flute is not only difficult to play, but may even be more difficult than it seems to be, according to Ralph. D. I was assured by Ralph that, even though he had not found it easy to play the flute, he had not had as much trouble with it as he had seemed to. 20. Despite his inexperience in the field, John applied for the job. A. John applied for the job because he has experience in the field. B. John did not apply for the job because of his inexperience in the field, C. John applied for the job even though he had no experience in the field. D. John was unable to do the job because he was inexperienced.
A. According to the Catalan painter Joan Miro, art critics who appreciate art are also often interested in philosophizing about it.
21. Larry's brother used to let him drive his car at weekends.
B. A claim that Joan Miro, the Catalan painter, once made was that being philosophers rather than understanding art was what critics of art were concerned with.
B. Larry’s brother never let him drive his car at weekends, C. Larry is allowed to use his brother’s car at weekends.
C. Rather than trying to be philosophers, art critics ought to simply appreciate art, as the Catalan painter Joan Miro once stated.
22. She didn't support her idea that Abraham Lincoln was a champion of black rights by mentioning that he freed the slaves, did she?
D. It was once said by Joan Miro, the Catalan painter, that critics of art, by understanding it, can also become philosophers.
A. I wonder if her idea that Abraham Lincoln supported black rights would actually have made sense if she hadn’t brought up the fact that he freed the slaves.
16. No one but the seven-year-old boy saw the terrible accident.
B. Is it true that, by referring to Abraham Lincoln’s freeing of the slaves, she was backing up her notion that he defended black rights?
A. The seven-year-old boy saw no one in the terrible accident. B. No one at all saw the seven-year-old boy’s terrible accident. C. Only the seven-year-old boy saw the terrible accident. D. No one in the terrible accident saw the seven-vear-old boy. 17. Sally couldn't find the classroom until after the class had begun. A. Sally went to the wrong class. B. Sally was late for class because she got lost. C. Sally missed the class. D. Sally had some trouble finding the class, but she arrived on time. 18. "Stop smoking or you'll be ill," the doctor told me. A. I was warned against smoking a lot of cigarettes. B. The doctor suggested smoking to treat illness. C. I was ordered not to smoke to recover from illness. D. The doctor advised me to give up smoking to avoid illness. 19. Ralph assured me that, though the flute was difficult to play, it was not quite as difficult as it seemed.
A. Larry is no longer allowed to use his brother’s car at weekends.
D. Larry is used to driving his brother’s car at weekends.
C. I wish 1 had realized that she had been using Abraham Lincoln’s freeing of the slaves to defend her notion that he championed black rights. D. If she hadn’t actually mentioned that Abraham Lincoln had freed the slaves, would she have been able to support her idea that he was a defender of black rights? 23. Henry should have done his homework last night, but he watched TV instead. A. Henry did not do his homework last night because he was busy fixing the television set. B. Henry watched TV last night instead of doing his homework. C. Henry did not watch TV last night because he had to do his homework. D. Henry did his homework while watching TV. 24. Most of the people in the village prefer the city life. A. Everyone in the village prefers the city life. B. No one in the village likes living here. C. Not everyone in the village prefers living in the city. D. Few people in the village prefer living in the city. 25. "Cigarette?" he asked. "No, thanks." I said.
A. He asked for a cigarette, and I immediately refused.
32. Arsenal played so well that they could have won the match.
B. He mentioned a cigarette, so I thanked him.
A. Arsenal didn’t win the match although they played well.
C. He offered me a cigarette, but I promptly declined.
B. Arsenal played very well and won the match.
D. He asked if I was smoking, and I denied at once.
C. If Arsenal had played well, they could have won the match.
26. Glenn explained that it was his Ehlers-Danlos syndrome that had caused his shoulder to dislocate while he was opening a door.
33. The school doesn't let the students chew gum in the classrooms.
A. Glenn thinks that his shoulder’s disconnecting while he opened a door may have been caused by his Ehlers-Danlos syndrome. B. Ehlers-Danlos syndrome, as it is explained by Glenn, often results in a shoulder’s becoming disconnected while one is opening a door
D. Arsenal didn’t play well, so they didn’t win the match. A. Chewing gum in the classrooms is difficult for students at this school. B. The school punishes the students who chew gum in the classrooms, C. The students aren’t allowed to chew gum in the classrooms. D. It is almost impossible to chew gum in the classrooms here.
C. That his shoulder’s becoming disconnected as he opened a door was brought about by his EhlersDanlos syndrome is what Glenn stated.
34. The doctor said, "You really ought to rest for a few days, Jasmine."
D. It seems that it was Glenn’s Eblers-Danlos syndrome that can explain how he dislocated his shoulder while he was opening a door.
B. The doctor suggested that Jasmine should take a short rest.
27. He said I wouldn't Hike black bread, and I soon found out he was right, A. I tasted the black bread and enjoyed it. B. I tasted the bread but couldn’t decide about it. C. I tasted the black bread and hated it. D. I didn’t taste the bread because he was told not to. 28. Jane is not too young to join our dub.
A. Jasmine’s doctor insisted that she should rest for a few days. C. It is the doctor’s recommendation that Jasmine rested shortly. D. The doctor strongly advised Jasmine to take a few days’ rest. 35. Bin, not his roommate, wrote that paper. A. Bill wrote the paper without help from his roommate. B. Bill’s roommate wrote the paper. C. Neither Bill nor his roommate wrote the paper.
A. Jane is so young that she can’t join our club.
D. Bill wrote the paper with his roommate.
B. Jane is old enough to join our club, C. Jane is too old to join our club.
36. "No smoking," says the sign.
D. Jane is not old enough to join our club.
B. You cannot smoke here.
29. "Would you like some more beer?" he asked.
C. You are not allowed smoking here.
A. He asked me if I wanted some beer.
D. There’s no smoke here.
B. He wanted to invite me for a glass of beer, C. He offered me some more beer.
37. I feel sorry for Naomi because she has failed all her exams.
D. He asked me would I like some more beer. 30. Tina won't solve her problems unless she consults a lawyer.
B. Naomi has not passed any of her exams, so I feel bad for her. C. Naomi is unhappy because she couldn’t pass any of her exams.
A. Tina must talk to a lawyer, or she won’t solve her problems.
D. Naomi has failed all of her exams, and so we are both very sad.
B. It is very difficult for Tina to solve her problems without a lawyer, C. If Tina talks to a lawyer, her problems will be solved immediately.
38. It was his incompetence which led to their capture.
D. Tina wishes she.could find a good lawyer to help her solve her problems.
B. They were captured just because he was incompetent.
31. I have never felt better than I do now.
C. If he had not been so incompetent, they would have escaped capture.
A. I felt better before.
D. All of the above are correct.
B. I feel well now.
39. She married young.
C. I have never felt well.
A. She married a young man when she was young.
D. I have always felt well.
B. She was too young to get married.
A. You are not let smoke here.
A. I am upset with Naomi because she always fails her exams.
A. If it hadn’t been for his incompetence, they would not have been captured.
C. When she got married she was young.
A. Our company has never organized a barbecue before.
D. She married a man when he was young.
B. This is the best barbecue that our company has organized for a long time, C. Our company has not had such a good barbecue in a very long time.
40. I am sure someone will warn you if you wear shorts to work. A. You aren’t allowed to wear shorts in your job.
D. The barbecue that is being organized by our company will be the best one.
B. I don’t think you should wear shorts if you are working.
48. Because they erected a barn, the cattle couldn't get out into the wheat field.
C. It is certain that you will be warned if you have shorts on at work.
A. They erected a barn so that the cattle would get into the wheat field.
D. If I were you, I would be careful about wearing' shorts at work.
B. In order not to keep the cattle away from the wheat field, they erected a barn, C. They erected a barn in case the cattle couldn’t get out into the wheat field.
41. I regret lending him money. A. I lent him money and regret now.
D. They erected a barn and as a result, the cattle couldn’t get out into the wheat field.
B. I did not lend him money.
49. I was shocked that John stole the car.
C. I wish I had lent him money.
A. John was so shocked that he could not take the car.
D. He did not borrow money from me.
B. John’s stolen car was very shocking.
42. It must have rained last night.
C. That John stole the car shocked me.
A. I believe in the rain last night.
D. The car was stolen, and John was shocked.
B. I think it has rained last night, C. It’s likely to rain last night.
50. The test was difficult, to say the least.
D. I believe it rained last night.
B. The test was very difficult.
43. I happened to run into him on my way to the library.
C. The test was the least difficult of all.
A. Fortunately, I met him just before I entered the library.
D. The test was as difficult as previous ones.
B. I was quite surprised when I met him in the library, C. I happened to see him going into the library. D. I met him by chance as I was going to the library. 44. "I will pay back the money, Gloria." said Ivan. A. Ivan apologised to Gloria for borrowing her money. B. Ivan offered to pay Gloria the money back. C. Ivan promised to pay back Gloria’s money. D. Ivan suggested paying back the money to Gloria. 45. Sam likes nothing better than to go fishing with other boys. A. Sam does not like to fish. B. Sam does not like anything, C. Sam likes nothing but boys. D. Sam likes to go fishing with other boys. 46. The game ended up in a tie. A. The players were all wearing ties. B. The teams ended with the same score.. C. The players regularly became tangled up. D. The referees stopped the game early. 47. This is the first time our company has ever organized a barbecue.
A. The test was not the least bit difficult.
8. The concert ticket was too expensive for Brian. A. Brian didn’t have enough money to buy the concert ticket.
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B. If I had enough money, I would buy the concert ticket which was too expensive for Brian.
1. Interrupting a person when he or she is speaking is impolite.
C. Brian didn’t want to buy the expensive concert ticket.
A. People will think that you are rude if you interrupt them.
D. Buying expensive concert tickets is impossible for someone like Brian.
B. No one wants to be interrupted by rude people while they are speaking, C. I hate it when you interrupt someone who is speaking.
9. Slightly more than twenty-five percent of the students in the class come from Spanishspeaking countries.
D. It is rude to interrupt someone while he or she is speaking.
A. A considerable proportion of the students in the class are Spanish.
2. If it hadn't been so late, I would have called you.
B. Seventy-five percent of the students in the class speak Spanish.
A. It was not late when I called you.
C. The percentage of the students speaking Spanish fell by twenty-five percent. D. A small minority of the students in the class is Hispanic.
B. It was not late but I did not call you. C. It was late, but I called you. D. It was late, so I did not call you. 3 He shouldn't have forgotten that yesterday was his wife's birthday. A. His wife forgot her own bứthday. B. He had a birthday which his wife forgot. C. He failed to remember the date of his wife’s birthday. D. Yesterday, he remembered when his wife’s birthday was. 4. During my childhood, our home was in Bristol. A. I wasn’t a child any more while we were living in Bristol. B. We used to live in Bristol when I was a child, C. We have lived in Bristol since I was a child. D. We had to leave Bristol in my childhood. 5. The children couldn't go swimming because the sea was too rough. A. The children were not calm enough to swim in the sea. B. The sea was rough enough for the children to swim in. C. The sea was too rough for the children to go swimming. D. The sea was too rough to the children’s swimming.
10. But for his father's early retirement, Richard would not have taken over the family business. A. Richard didn’t take over the family business because his father didn’t retire. B. Richard only took over the family business because his father decided to retire early. C. His father retired early, but he still ran the family business. D. Richard’s father didn’t want him to take over the family business despite his retirement. 11. The lady informed me that the tickets are sold out. A. The tickets have just gone on sale. B. The concert has been cancelled, C. All the tickets have been sold. D. The lady still has a few tickets for sale. 12. All the best items had been sold by the time we got to the exhibition. A. We stayed on at the exhibition until all the best things had been sold. B. By the time we arrived at the exhibition they had sold all but a few expensive items. C. We arrived at the exhibition too late to find anything worth buying. D. Some of the most valuable things at the exhibition weren’t sold till much later. 13-. Dick got to the bus station at midnight, missing his bus by two hours.
6. He was driving so fast that he could have had an accident.
A. The bus left at ten o’clock at night, so Dick missed it.
A. If he had been driving very fast, he would have had an accident.
B. The bus left at two o’clock in the afternoon, C. The bus left at ten o’clock in the morning.
B. An accident happened, and it was caused by his very fast driving. C. He didn’t have an accident although he was driving very fast. D. He wasn’t driving fast enough to avoid an accident. 7. Bob outdoes his brother Paul in math. A. Bob surpasses Paul in math. B. Paul surpasses Bob in math. C. Bob always does Paul’s math for him. D. Paul and Bob make the same grade in math.
D. The bus left at midnight. 14. Unlike His sister, Peter usually prefers a small breakfast. A. Peter usually eats no breakfast. B. Peter doesn’t like his sister. C. Peter’s sister eats as much as he does for breakfast. D. Peter eats a smaller breakfast than his sister. 15. It is very unusual for Cindy to get up so early.
A. I’m surprised to see Cindy awake at this time. B. Cindy usually wakes up earlier than she did today, C. Cindy finds it difficult to get up very early. D. Cindy rarely gets up as early as this.
23. Sheila started her seashell collection when she was a little child. A. When Sheila was a child, she collected lots of seashells. B. Sheila has been collecting seashells since her childhood, C. Sheila liked to collect seashells when she was a child.
16. "Shall I make you a coffee?" the girl said to the lady.
D. The last time Sheila collected seashells was many years ago.
A. The girl wanted to make a coffee for the lady.
24. Were it not for the money, this job wouldn't be worthwhile.
B. The girl refused to make a coffee for the lady, C. The girl offered to make a coffee for the lady.
A. This job is not rewarding at all.
D. The girl promised to make a coffee for the lady.
B. The only thing that makes this job worthwhile is the money, C. Although the salary is poor, the job is worthwhile.
I7. The onset of the disease is shown by a feeling of faintness.
D. This job offers a poor salary.
A. A feeling of faintness signals the final stage of the disease.
25. The contractor said the repairs on Fred's house would be very expensive, but Fred decided to have the work done.
B. One feels faint if the disease is over. C. The first sign of the disease is a feeling of faintness.
A. Fred told the contractor to do the work in spite of the cost.
D. Faintness causes the disease. 18. Tom had the library books renewed.
B. Fred told the contractor that the price was too high, C. Fred cannot afford the work on his house.
A. Tom lost the library’s new books.
D. Fred repaired his own house.
B. Tom may keep the library books for one more week, C. Tom is going to the new library to look for some books.
26. You aren't allowed to take these documents out of the office.
D. Tom had to pay a late fee for the books.
B. I don’t think we will be able to take these documents out of the office, C. These documents mustn’t be taken out of the office.
19. I wish you would change your mind about selling your house.
A. We have to keep all of the documents here in the office.
A. You made a big mistake by selling your house.
D. They usually don’t let us take these documents out of the office.
B. I’m glad that, in the end, you decided not to sell your house, C. I want you to give up the idea of selling your house.
27: "Would you like to come to my birthday party, Sarah?" asked Frederic.
D. When you sold your house, I was very upset.
B. Frederic asked if Sarah was able to come to his birthday party, C. Frederic asked Sarah if she liked his birthday party or not.
20. They couldn't climb up the mountain because of the storm.
A. Frederic invited Sarah to his birthday party.
A. The storm made it not capable of climbing up the mountain.
D. Frederic reminded Sarah of his coming birthday party.
B. Their climbing up the mountain was unable due to the storm, C. The storm made them impossible to climb up the mountain.
28. He used to write home once a week.
D. The storm discouraged them from climbing up the mountain.
B. He never fails to write a weekly letter home, C. He doesn’t now write home once a week.
21. There is not much to choose between the two essays.
A. He enjoys writing home every week.
A. Both essays are great.
D. He was forced to write home every week.
B. One essay is just as bad as the other, C. One of the essays is optional.
29. It's time you asked for a pay rise.
D. Either essay can be chosen. 22. Emma hasn't gone to the cinema for years.
B. I think you really should ask for a pay rise, C. I think you asked for a pay rise at the right time.
A. Emma goes to the cinema every year.
D. It’s time for you to pay a rise.
B. Emma hasn’t gone to the cinema yet this year but she did last year, C. Emma doesn’t go to the cinema unless she has the time.
30. City centres are more dangerous than they were 20 years ago.
D. Emma hasn’t seen a film for a long time.
A. I think you should have asked for a pay rise.
A. 20 years ago, I wasn’t aware that city centres were dangerous places.
B. In the last 20 years, city centres have become the most dangerous parts of cities, C. 20 years ago, there were many very dangerous city centres.
38. John was earning much less In his previous job than he is now.
D. City centres aren’t as safe as they used to be 20 years ago.
B. John is earning less in his current job.
31. When 3 arrived., they were having dinner,
C. John had a higher salary in his previous job,
A. John is earning more in his current job.
A. I came in the middle of their dinner. ,
D. John’s previous job brought him as much money as his current one.
B. They ate them dinner as soon as I arrived.
39. You should have persuaded him to change his mind.
C. When they started having their dinner, I arrived.
A. It was essential to persuade him to change his mind but you didn’t.
D. I came to their invitation to dinner. 32. She said she would go to the police unless she was given her money back.
B. You persuaded him to change his mind but he didn’t listen, C. You didn’t persuade him to change because of his mind.
A. She went to the police because she hadn’t got her money back.
D. You should persuade him to change his mind.
B. She hasn’t yet got her money back or gone to the police.
40. The house had burnt down before the fire brigade arrived.
C. She wasn’t given her money back because she had gone to the police.
A. The fire brigade arrived, but they failed to put the fire out.
D. She was given her money back and then went to the police.
B. The house would burn down unless the fire brigade arrived on time, C. The fire brigade didn’t arrive until the house was burnt down.
33. A little sunshine can do wonders for our health. A. Sunshine can do little wonders for our health. B. I wonder what a little sunshine can do for our health. C. A little sunshine can be very good for our health.
D. The fire brigade were quite late, but they still tried to stop the house from burning down. 41. The woman was too weak to lift the suitcase.
D. Sunshine can do very little for our health.
A. The woman wasn’t able to lift the suitcase, so she was very weak.
34. We went to the station to catch the train, but it was no longer there.
B. The woman, though weak, could lift the suitcase.
A. After we arrived at the station, we saw the train leaving.
C. So weak was the woman that she couldn’t lift the suitcase.
B. The train had left before we arrived at the station.
D. The woman shouldn’t have lifted the suitcase as she was weak.
C. We almost missed the train that we had to catch to go home.
42. It's no use reading that book.
D. The train which we wanted to take was about to leave when we got to the station.
A. You should read that book.
35. I wish George had come to Italy with us.
B. That book has not been used, C. That book is not worth reading.
A. I am pleased that George came to Italy with us. B. I am sorry that George isn’t going to Italy with us. C. I hope that George will go to Italy with us.
D. I have used the book for a long time.
D. I am sorry that George didn’t come to Italy with us.
A. You can’t enter the area under any circumstances.
36. The robbers escaped in a very old car.
B. You can’t enter the area if you aren’t allowed to.
A. The car which the robbers escaped in was very old.
C. You aren’t allowed to enter the area because of the permission.
B. I was surprised that the robbers managed to get away in that old car. C. Somebody saw the robbers inside a very old automobile.
D. You can enter the area if you ask for permission.
43. Nobody is allowed to enter the area without permission.
44. The boys left home too late to catch the school bus.
D. The robbers were very old, but they managed to escape in a car.
A. The boys didn’t leave home early enough, and so they missed the school bus.
37. No sooner had she put the telephone down than her boss rang back.
B. Because the school bus came too early, the boys couldn’t catch it.
A. As soon as her boss rang back, she put down the telephone.
C. The boys didn’t leave home until the school bus had arrived.
B. Scarcely had she put the telephone down when her boss rang back, C. She had hardly put the telephone down without her boss rang back.
D. If the boys aren’t too late, they will be able to catch the school bus.
D. Hardly she had hung up, she rang her boss immediately.
A. My daughter is being looked after while her friend is abroad.
45. My daughter is looking forward to seeing her friend.
B. My daughter is expecting to see her friend. C. My daughter feels bored because she is going to see her friend soon. D. My daughter does not want to see her friend again.
-331. Tim was nervous because he hadn't spoken in public before.
46. James ran into Mark downtown last week.
A. After he had made his first speech in public, Tim felt very exhausted.
A. James injured Mark last week.
B. Tim hadn’t ever made a speech in public before, so he felt nervous, C. Tim wouldn’t speak in public if he were nervous.
B. James met Mark downtown unexpectedly, C. James had to run downtown last week. D. James went downtown to exercise.
D. Tim had never felt as nervous while he was speaking in public as he did on this occasion.
47. The Hotel Erika was the worst one we'd ever stayed at.
2. It is English pronunciation that puzzles me most.
A. We have never felt worse than we did while we were staying at the Hotel Erika.
A. Pronouncing English words is not complicated.
B. We will never stay at a hotel as bad as the Hotel Erika again. C. We have not stayed at many hotels that were as bad as the Hotel Erika.
B. I was not quick at English pronunciation at school, C. Puzzling me most is how to pronounce English.
D. We had never before stayed at a hotel that was as bad as the Hotel Erika.
D. English pronunciation is difficult for me.
48. The captain to his men; "Abandon the ship immediately!"
3. I would have been on time if I hadn't stopped at the post office.
A. The captain invited his men to abandon the ship immediately.
A. I was on time even though I stopped at the post office.
B. The captain suggested his men abandon the ship immediately, C. The captain requested his men to abandon the ship immediately.
B. I wasn’t on time because I stopped at the post office, C. I didn’t stop at the post office, but I was late.
D. The captain ordered his men to abandon the ship immediately.
D. All of the above are correct.
49. I ran into Peter, a friend of mine, on my way to work this morning.
4. Hardly anybody applied for the Job.
A. I met Peter unexpectedly on my way to work this morning.
A. Nobody applied for the job because it was hard.
B. Peter and I ran to work this morning. C. Peter had to work this morning, but I did not.
B. There were very few applicants for the job. C. Anybody found it hard to apply for the job.
D. Peter ran into his friend this morning.
D. Anybody applied hardly for the job.
50. Sorry, I took you for somebody else.
5. If I'd known how much they were going to charge at this hotel, I'd have stayed somewhere else.
A. Sony, I made a mistake in taking you to somebody else.
A. The prices were so high at that hotel that I decided to find a more reasonable one.
B. Sony, I took you instead of somebody else, C. Sony, I thought you were somebody else.
B. I didn’t realize just how expensive this hotel was, but if I had, I’d have gone elsewhere.
D. Sorry, I asked somebody else to take you.
C. If only I’d checked the prices of a few hotels I could have found a less expensive one. D. Although I knew this was an expensive hotel I didn’t look around for a cheaper one. 6. I can't help feeling worried about Tom. A. I find it impossible not to worry about Tom. B. I can do nothing to help Tom. C. I am glad to have someone like Tom to worry about. D. I don’t worry about Tom. 7. Joe still likes Madonna. A. Joe has been a fan of Madonna’s for years. B. Joe was a fan of Madonna’s for years, C. Joe used to like Madonna years ago. D. Joe is being a fan of Madonna’s.
8. When I met Alan, he had been in Dublin for three years.
C. You won’t succeed because you can’t try as hard.
A. When I was in Dublin three years ago, I met Alan.
D. However hard you try, you won’t succeed.
B. Alan was living in Dublin when I met him there three years ago. C. I had lived in Dublin for three years before I met Alan.
16. The harnessing of the wind to generate electricity dates back to 1890, but few notable advances were made until 1970 when energy prices began to rise fast.
D. Alan had been in Dublin for three years before I met him.
A. It was in 1890 that the wind was first used to generate electricity, but it was only in 1970 when the energy prices started to rise sharply, that real advances were made.
9. David drove so fast; it was very dangerous. A. David drove so fast, which was very dangerous. B. David drove so fast, then was very dangerous, C. David drove so fast that was very dangerous. D. David drove so fast and was very dangerous. 10. She told us to help ourselves to the apples in the basket. A. She offered us some apples in return for our help.
B. In 1890 a few efforts were made to generate electricity from wind power, but it was only in 1970 when energy prices rose steeply, that such a scheme was taken seriously. C. In 1970, when there was a sudden increase in energy prices, efforts were made to harness the power of the wind for the generation of electricity for the first time since 1890. D. Between 1890 and 1970 various attempts were made to harness the power of the wind as the rising prices of energy made this desirable.
B. She wanted our help to pick the apples and put them in a basket, C. She let us have as many apples as we wanted.
17. She usually spends one hour driving to work eyeryday.
D. She wanted us to do all the work ourselves.
B. She usually works one hour every day. C. She does not usually drive to work.
11. Few people realized the impoitance of his role in the company. A. Quite a few people realized the importance of his role in the company.
A. It usually takes her one hour to drive to work every day.
D. It usually takes her one hour to work on her car every day.
B. Not many Deople realized that he played an important part in the company, C. Many people realized his important role in the company.
18. Take your umbrella with you in case it rains.
D. He was realized as an important role in the company by a few people.
B. You should take your umbrella because it will rain. C. In case of rain, take your umbrella with you.
12. I speak Spanish badly, but I think I speak it better than you. A. I speak Spanish about as badly as you do.
A. It may rain so you should take your umbrella with you.
D. Take your umbrella with you when it rains.
B. In my opinion, my Spanish is the best in class, C. I think you speak Spanish worse than I do.
19. It started raining at eight o'clock this morning, and it hasn't stopped yet,
D. It will be difficult for you to be able to speak Spanish as well as I do.
B. It had been raining for eight hours when it stopped this morning, C. It has been eight hours since the rain started this morning.
13. "Be careful! Don't do that again," he said. A. He encouraged me to do that again. B. He advised me to be careful and do that again. C. He told me to be careful, so I didn’t do that again. D. He warned me not to do that again. 14. May I suggest Monday for our trip to Bristol? A. I think we must go to Bristol on Monday. B. I think we would be allowed to go to Bristol on Monday. C. I think Monday is the only day he can manage for the trip. D. I think Monday would be a good day for us to go to Bristol. 15. You can try as hard as you like but you won't succeed. A. Although you won’t succeed, you can try as hard as you like B. You can hardly try as you like, but you won’t succeed. ,
A. It has been raining since eight o’clock this morning.
D. The last time it rained was at about eight o’clock in the morning. 20. The critics undervalued his new book. A. The critics rejected his new book. B. The critics turned down his new book. C. The critics were fed up with his new book. D. The critics had a low opinion of his new hook. 21. She has lost her appetite recently. A. She hasn’t had any food recently. B. She has gone off food recently, C. Her appetite has been very good. D. She has eaten a lot of food recently. 22. Please don't ask her to the party. A. I’d rather not ask her to the party.
B. Please don’t ask her about the party.
B. I couldn’t please anyone today.
C. I’d rather you didn’t invite her to the party.
C. I had a terrible day today; everything was wrong.
D. You ask her to the party, don’t you?
D. Apparently, nothing I did today was any good.
23. Your only chance of getting a ticket Is to wait in the queue.
30. "I will let you know the answer by the end of this week.” Tom said to Janet.
A. You have lost your chance of getting ill the line for a ticket.
A. Tom promised to give Janet the answer by the end of the week.
B. You needn’t wait in line in order to get a ticket. C. If you want to buy a ticket, you should get in line immediately.
B. Tom insisted on letting Janet know the answer by the end of the week, C. Tom offered to give Janet the answer by the end of the week.
D. You won’t be able to get a ticket unless you wait in line.
D. Tom suggested giving Janet the answer by the end of the week.
24. Joe regrets giving up his job.
31. The railworkers do not intend to call off their strike.
A. Joe regrets because he is given a job.
A. The railworlcers have no intention of calling off their strike.
B. Joe wants to give up his job. C. Joe gave up his job because he regrets.
B. The railworkers are going to call off their strike, C. The railworkers intend not to call off theứ strike.
D. Joe gave up his job and now he feels sorry.
D. The railworkers’ strike is expected to take place.
25. Obviously, concessions will have to be made on both sides if an agreement is to be reached.
32. That smoking has a bad effect on our health has been proved.
A. If either side shows positive signs of giving way, the resulting agreement will not be in their fayour. B. Both sides have admitted that they are not willing to make any concessions,
A. That smoking, which has a bad effect on our health, has been proved. B. It has been proved that smoking is harmful for our health, C. That smoking badly affects our health is true.
C. Clearly there can only be an agreement so long as both sides are willing to give way over something.
D. That bad effect of smoking on our health has been proved.
D. Before coming to an agreement, both sides will have to discuss any concessions they might consider making.
A. The missing gứls have not been seen since they went on holiday last summer.
33. The missing girls were last seen just before the summer holiday. B. When the summer holiday began, the gứls were kidnapped.
26. I found myself at a loss to understand my closest friend's words.
C. Nobody has seen the missing girls since the summer holiday started.
A. I found my closest friend’s words quite incomprehensible.
D. The last time we saw the girls was when we were on holiday in summer.
B. I understood my closest friend's words completely.
34. There are several categories of people who do not have to pay the new tax.
C. I lost heart and didn’t understand my closest friend’s words.
A. Several people do not have to pay more tax.
D. I found my closest friend’s words easy to understand.
B. People are grouped into categories to pay the new tax.
27. They would never have accepted his money If they had known his plans.
C. Several categories of people are exempt from paying the new tax.
A. They knew what he wanted to do, so they refused his money.
D. There are several categories of new tax.
B. They agreed with his wishes because they were glad to have his money, C. They didn’t know his plans and never took money from him.
35. If we had lost the map, we would never have found our way,
D. They took the money he offered them without realising his purposes.
B. We will find our- way unless we lose the map.
A. We didn’t lose our way because we didn’t lose the map.
28. She broke down the moment she heard the news.
C. We would have lost our way provided we had lost the map.
A. On hearing the news, she broke down.
D. Supposing we lose the map, we would not find our way.
B. She was broken for ạ moment when she heard the news, C. She broke her leg when hearing the news.
36. Within a few weeks of winning the election his leadership skills were put to the test.
D. When she heard the news, she was sick.
A. His election confirmed that the country recognized him as them leader.
29. Everything seemed to go wrong today.
B. Having shown his ability to lead he won the election a couple of weeks later.
A. It was as if nothing would go right today.
C. It wasn’t until after he had been elected that they realized he was a gifted leader.
D. Shortly after he was elected he had to prove that he really could be a leader.
B. The manager is referring all questions to his lawyer and answering none himself.
37. Their chances of success are small.
C. Until he is instructed in the legal aspects of the matter the manager is keeping quiet.
A. They have no chances of being successful.
D. In consultation with his lawyer the manager has decided to answer no more questions.
B. It’s possible that they will achieve success, C. They will certainly be successful.
45. Our army would rather fight on than give in now.
D. It’s not very likely that they will succeed.
B. Our army would now prefer not to go on fighting.
A. Our army would be defeated if it continued to fight.
38. Mrs. Mason said, "Janet may have gone to the cinema."
C. Our army has given up the fight and so can’t win now.
A. Mrs. Mason wasn’t sure where Janet had gone.
D. Our army doesn’t want to stop fighting now.
B. Mrs. Mason knew Janet had gone to the cinema, C. Janet was allowed to go to the cinema.
46. Janet had better change her job.
D. Janet had certainly not gone to the cinema.
B. Janet should change her job.
39. It was very kind of him to give you a lift.
C. Janet had changed her job for good.
A. It was his kindness that gave you a lift.
D. Janet’s job had changed for the better.
B. He was very kind in giving you a lift, C. He gave you a lift which was very kind.
47. He's only just arrived, so he still doesn't know what's happened.
D. It was him who kind of gave you a lift.
A. Janet had a better job after, changing.
A. As he only got here a minute or two ago, he hasn’t heard the news yet.
40. The teacher will be angry with you if you postpone doing your homework.
B. It’s a long time since he came, so he doesn’t know what’s been happening, C. He hasn’t been here long, so nobody thought the news would interest him.
A. Putting off doing your homework will make your- teacher angry.
D. If he had arrived a little earlier he would have been given all the news.
B. Tell your teacher when you have finished your homework, so he won’t get angry, C. Your teacher usually gets angry when you forget to do your homework.
48. The way to get the best out of me is to make me work very hard.
D. You will only make your teacher angry if you do not do your homework. 41. "Why don't we go out for dinner?" said Mary. A. Mary suggested a dinner out. B. Mary requested a dinner out. C. Mary ordered a dinner out. D. Mary demanded a dinner out. 42. Had it not been for your help, I would never have managed to complete the course. A. You helped me, but I couldn’t complete the course. B. I couldn’t complete the course because you didn’t help me. C. If you hadn’t helped me, I would never have managed to complete the course. D. I completed the course without your help. 43. It's high time the children went to bed. A. The time is high so the children went to bed.
A. Don’t make me work hard or 1 can’t make the best out of me. B. I work best when I am under pressure. C. My work is under consideration, so I do my best. D. If you make me work hard, I can’t get the best! 49. The theory of natural selection made the idea of organic evolution acceptable to the majority of the scientific world. A. The world’s scientists accepted the idea of organic evolution more readily than the concept of natural selection. B. Without the theory of natural selection to support it, no scientists would ever have approved the theory of organic evolution. C. On the whole, the scientific world approved the concept of organic evolution once the theory of natural selection had been postulated. D. It was only after the introduction of the theory of natural selection that scientists paid any attention to the idea of organic evolution.
B. The children went to bed because it’s time, C. It’s time for the children to go to bed now.
50. She couldn't have finished her paper so soon.
D. The children went to bed when the time is high.
B. She couldn’t finish her paper on time, C. She didn’t finish her paper that early.
44. The manager is unwilling to say anything as he has not yet had a chance to consult hislegal adviser. A. The manager doesn’t want there to be a law case so he is saying nothing.
A. I cannot believe she finished her paper so quickly.
D. Undoubtedly, she finished her paper that soon.
-341. This quarrel is likely to lead to a fight. A. The result of this quarrel is likely to lead to a fight. B. This quarrel is likely to result from a fight, C. This quarrel is likely to result in a fight.
A. I really cannot decide whether the advantages of the scheme outweigh the disadvantages, or whether it is the other way round. B. If you want my opinion, I would say the scheme has fewer advantages than disadvantages . C. In a scheme of this sort one would expect there to be both advantages and disadvantages. D. It is essential that the advantages and the disadvantages of the scheme are given equal attention. 8. At no time did the two sides look likely to reach an agreement,
D. This quarrel is somewhat like a fight.
A. The two sides had no time to reach an agreement.
2. We've run out of tea.
B. The two sides never looked likely to reach an agreement.
A. We didn’t have any tea.
C. If the two sides had had time, they would have reached an agreement.
B. We have to run out to buy some tea. C. There’s not much more tea left.
D. The two sides never look like each other.
D. There’s no tea left.
A. I didn’t study hard enough last night.
3. Citrus trees thrive on a wide range of soils, but well-drained and slightly acid types are more suitable.
B. I wish to study harder last night, C. I didn’t study last night.
A. The ideal soil for citrus trees is one that is well-drained and rather acidy; they do not do well in other soils.
D. I had studied harder than I used to.
9. I wish I had studied harder last night
B. Though citrus trees prefer a well-drained and slightly acid soil, they do well in many other types.
10. Of all the people with whom I am acquainted, Melissa's daughter Sally makes the best musakka.
C. Citrus trees grow in many different places, but the soil must always be well- drained and fairly acid.
A. None of the people that I know have ever failed to appreciate the musakka made by Sally, Melissa's daughter.
D. Citrus trees are particular about soil on which they grow and do best on well- drained and slightly acid soil types.
C. I believe that the best musakka I’ve ever tasted was made by Sally, who is Melissa’s daughter.
4. The train was due to leave five minutes ago.
D. No one I know cooks musakka better than Sally, Melissa’s daughter.
A. The train is five minutes late in leaving.
11. "Why don't you reply to the President's offer right now?" said Mary to her husband.
B. The train was supposed to leave five minutes ago. C. The train left on time.
B. Mary suggested that her husband should reply to the President’s offer' without delay.
B. It is doubtful that anyone I know can make musakka better than Melissa’s daughter Sally can.
A. Mary wondered why her husband didn’t reply to the President’s offer then.
D. Both A and B are correct.
C. Mary ordered her husband to reply to the President’s offer right now.
5. Jim came down with flu and had to stay in,
D. Mary told her husband why he didn’t reply to the President’s offer then.
A. Jim came down and then had to stay home with flu.
12. The error on my taxes was made by my accountant,
B. Jim had to stay home because he had flu. C. Jim had to stay home in case he caught flu.
A. My tax accountant found the error that I made.
D. Jim came down to stay with flu.
B. I made an error because I didn’t have a tax accountant C. Tax accountants usually do not make errors.
6. It is a basic requirement tn the modern world to be able to deaf With figures.
D. My accountant made the error.
A. The world requires us to have a basic understanding of figures.
13. Jack has stopped writing Setters tỡ Jill.
B. Being able to deal with figures is a basic requirement in the modern world, C. Dealing with the modern world requires a basic knowledge of figures.
A. Jack has no longer stopped writing to Jill.
D. Dealing with figures requires a basic knowledge of the modern world.
B. Jack has never written letters to Jill before. C. Jack writes no longer letters to Jill.
7. As I understand it, the advantages of the scheme and the disadvantages just about balance each other out.
B. Jack used to write letters to Jill. 14. The plane didn't take off until they cleared the runway of snow. A. Just as the plane was taking off, they started to clear the snow along the runway.
B. When they had cleaved the snow along the runway, the plane took off. C. The plane was ready to take off, because they had cleared the runway of snow.
C. I was fascinated by what he had to say in his lecture on the civilization of Mesopotamia though I hadn’t expected to be.
15. We are completely out of thermal socks.
D. I hadn’t expected him to lecture on the civilization on Mesopotamia, but he spoke remarkably well.
A. There isn’t any pair of thermal socks left.
22. You might have offered him a drink.
B. There is one pair of thermal socks left, C. We no longer wear thermal socks.
A. There’s still time for you to offer him a drink.
D. The runway was covered in snow, so the plane couldn’t take off.
D. All of the above are correct.
B. You’d be wrong to offer him a drink, C. You didn’t offer him a drink.
16. It's impossible to make him change.
D. You offered him a drink.
A. You can never change him.
23. Tom has been working all day. He must be tired now.
B. You may find it difficult to make him change, C. You can’t make him change.
A. I’m sure Tom is tired after working all day.
D. I find it possible to make him change.
B. I think Tom must work all day and is tired now. C. I think Tom was tired all day working.
17. You only have money problems because you spend more than you earn.
D. Tom is tired now because he is working all day.
A. If you didn’t spend more than you earn, you wouldn’t have money problems.
24. Peter had very little money but managed to make ends meet.
B. Unless you save most of the money that you earn, you will have money problems, C. Don’t spend more than your salary, or you’ll always have money problems.
A. Peter found it hard to live on very little money.
D. Your money problems are occurring because you do not earn enough money to spend.
B. Having little money, Peter couldn’t make ends meet, C. Peter could hardly live on little money.
18. The sooner we solve this problem, the better it will be for all concerned.
D, Peter got by on very little money.
A. If all concerned are better, we can solve this problem soon. B. It would be better for all concerned if we can solve this problem soon. C. If we could solve this problem soon, it would be better for all concerned D. If we can solve this problem soon, it will be better for all concerned. 19. She would eat nothing but small pieces of bread and butter. A. She ate only some small pieces of bread and butter. B. She ate small pieces of bread and butter but didn’t like them. C. She didn’t eat anything, not even the bread and butter.
25. There will be a debate in Parliament today concerning the government's proposals for the privatization of certain major public enterprises. A. Today Parliament is going to discuss the proposals, put forward by the government, to turn certain public enterprises into private ones. B. The proposals made by the government concerning the newly privatized public enterprises will have to be discussed by Parliament, C. One of the topics Parliament is going to deal with is the question of whether the government's proposals regarding public enterprises should be implemented.
D. She wouldn’t touch the bread and butter, but she ate other things.
D. The major debate in Parliament today concerns the government’s proposals to take over various private enterprises for the public good.
20. It was very impolite of him to leave without saying a single word.
26. Tom has given up smoking.
A. He was very impolite to leave without saying a word.
A. Tom has never smoked.
B. He didn't say anything when he left.
B. Tom has just put out his cigarette.
C. He didn’t say anything as he left, which was very impolite.
C. Tom has offered everyone a cigarette.
D. Both A and C are correct.
D. Tom used to smoke.
21. Much to my surprise, I found his lecture on the civilization of Mesopotamia extremely interesting.
27. The music was so loud that: we couldn't hear what you said.
A. Contrary to expectations, his lecture on ancient Mesopotamia was the most fascinating of all.
B. Because of the loud music, we couldn’t hear you. C. The music was too loud that we couldn’t hear you.
B. It was at his lecture on the civilization of Mesopotamia that I realized how fascinating the subject is.
A. You didn’t say loud enough for us to hear.
D. The music was too loud for us to hear.
28. Pamela has lost hope of becoming a film star.
C. Mary says they called to say they will be late.
A. Pamela thinks that film stars are hopeless people.
D. Mary is sorry that she made them wait for her.
B. When Pamela first decided to be a film star, she was very hopeful about it. C. Pamela no longer believes that she will be a film star.
36. The West's main response to events in Yugoslavia has been to avoid any direct involvement.
D. Pamela doesn’t really want to be a film star anymore. 29. My friend told me, "If I were you, I would not smoke so much."
A. The West could have responded to the situation in Yugoslavia with a policy of active involvement.
A. My friend prohibited me from smoking so much.
B. By and large the West has been reluctant to commit itself actively to affams in Yugoslavia.
B. My friend warned me against smoking so much, C. My friend advised me not to smoke so much.
C. The involvement of the West in Yugoslavia was in response to certain major events. D. Direct intervention was the response of the West to happenings in Yugoslavia.
D. My friend suggested not smoking so much.
37. It was impossible to find Tom anywhere.
30. We had a flat tire, so it took three hours longer than usual to get there.
A. Tom could not be found anywhere.
1
A. It took us three extra hours to get there . B. It usually takes us three hours to get there, C. We usually have a flat tire.
B. Tom was unable to go anywhere, C. It was possible to find Tom. D. Tom could go anywhere he liked.
D. It usually takes longer to get there.
38. What he did came as no surprise to me.
31. You needn't have taken so many warm clothes there.
A. I was not surprised by his actions.
A. It’s not necessary for you to take so many warm clothes there.
B. He was surprised when I came.
B. You have taken so many warm clothes that I don’t need.
C. He told me that he was not surprised.
C. You took a lot of warm clothes there but it turned out not necessary.
D. His behaviour surprised me.
D. There’s no need for you to take so many warm clothes there.
39. The plana had just taken off when the engine failed to work.
32. You should get some professional advice if you're thinking about changing the system radically.
A. When the plane took off, the engine had aừeady stopped. B. The engine broke down soon after the plane took off'.
A. If you’re considering major alterations in procedures, I suggest you consult an expert.
C. The engine hadn’t worked while the plane was taking off.
B. My professional advice to you is to avoid any major changes in the system, C. It would be very unprofessional behaviour if you were to make any major changes in the system.
D. When the plane was about to take off, the engine exploded. 40. It doesn't matter to them which film they go to.
D. Without consulting an expert you were ill advised to introduce any major changes to the system.
A. Which film they go to matters more than the cost.
33. James was the last to know about the change of schedule.
B. They don’t mind which film they go to.
A. Everyone had heard about the change of schedule before James did.
C. Whatever films are shown, they never see.
B. Among the last people informed of the change of schedule was James, C. The last thing James knew was the change of schedule.
41. The game will be held, rain or shine.
D. At last James was able to know about the change of schedule. 34. I find myself at a loss to understand Harold's behavior.
D. They don’t care about the cost of the films they see. A. The game is delayed because of the rain.
A. I lost contact with Harold, so I couldn’t understand his behavior.
B. There will be a game regardless of the weather, C. There will be no game if it rains.
B. I have to lose a lot to understand Harold’s behavior, C. I understood Harold’s behavior completely.
B. It rains every time there is a game.
D. I find Harold’s behavior quite incomprehensible.
A. The court found a murdered man and his wife.
35. Mary apologizes for having kept them waiting. A. Mary has been waiting for them so long time.
B. The court decided that the man had killed his wife, C. The man was judged not guilty of killing his wife.
B. Mary is sorry they were very late.
D. The man was found murdered by his wife.
42. The court found the man innocent of murdering his wife.
43. I could never succeed in life Without Alison's support.
B. Lisa insisted on Tom’s driving on.
A. If Alison didn’t support me, I couldn’t succeed in life.
C. Lisa pleaded with Tom not to drive too fast.
B. I will be successful in life unless Alison tries to help me.
D. Lisa grumbled to Tom about driving slowly.
C. When Alison tells me what to do in life, I am usually successful. D. I didn’t succeed in life because Alison didn’t help me. 44. If you need help, please stay on the line until an operator answers. A. For help, answer the operator. B. For help, dial nine. C. For help, wait for an operator to answer. D. For help, stand in line. 45. It's a shame John eats sweets whenever he gets the chance. A. John likes to take chances. B. John dislikes eating sweets. C. John will not take a chance on eating sweets. D. John never turns down sweets when they are offered to him. 46. They'll be here soon if their plane isn't delayed. A. Unless there is a delay in their flight, they’ll arrive in a short time. B. We’ll wait here for a while until their plane lands. C. They won’t arrive early if there is a delay in their flight. D. They can’t be here already, because their flight has been delayed. 47. Seeing that he was so angry, she left the office. A. She didn't want to make him angry, so she left. B. He wouldn’t have been so angry if she hadn’t left. C. He grew very angry when he saw her leaving the office. D. She left the office when she saw how angry he was. 48. The baby has been giving his parents a lot of sleepless nights lately. A. The baby has been sleeping well lately. B. The baby has been waking up his parents often lately, C. The baby’s parents have had to wake him often recently. D. The baby’s parents have had to sleep at different times recently. 49. To tell you the truth, I was rather disappointed in this new production of Carmen. A. If you really want to know, the new production of Carmen wasn’t as good as I’d hoped it would be. B. To be fair, there wasn’t much that was new in this production of Carmen, C. Obviously I was disappointed to learn that they were doing Carmen again. D. Someone should have told you that the new production of Carmen is not as good as we hoped. 50. "Please don't drive so fast, Tom," said Lisa. A. Lisa complained about Tom’s driving too fast.
-35-
C. The only building in Pains that is of any real significance is surely the magnificent cathedral of Notre-Dame.
1. I wasn't in tame to say goodbye to Paul.
D. Except for the famous cathedral of Notre-Dame, none of the buildings of Paris are historically representative.
A. I didn’t want to say goodbye to Paul before he left. B. I wanted to say goodbye to Paul, but I couldn’t see him. C. When I said goodbye to Paul, it was already very late. D. I was too late to say goodbye to Paul. 2. Unless you can swim, you aren't allowed to sail this boat. A. Anyone who wants to sail this boat must be able to swim. B. If you can’t swim, you’ll have to go in this boat. C. You may sail this boat whether you can swim or not. D. The only people allowed to swim are those in the boat. 3. I used to live in Happy Valley. A. 1 once lived in Happy Valley but no longer live there. B. I’m used to living in Happy Valley. C. I’m living in Happy Valley. D. I've always lived in Happy Valley. 4. He will let you drive his car if you are very careful. A. You should drive his car carefully if you want to borrow it from him. B. He didn’t lend you his car because you’re not a careful driver.
8. He talked about nothing except the weather. A. He had nothing to say about the weather. B. He said that he had no interest in the weather. C. His sole topic of conversation was the weather. D. He talked about everything including the weather. 9. Kate's father was unhappy when she decided to quit school. A. Kate’s father was very happy about her decision. B. Kate’s father was not happy about her quitting school. C. Kate was not happy about her father’s decision. D. Kate’s father decided not to send her to school. 10. If it hadn't been for his carelessness, we would have finished the work. A. He was careless because we hadn’t finished the work. B. If he had been more careful, we would have completed the work. C. If he were careful, we would finish the work. D. Because he wasn’t careless, we didn’t finish the work. 11. Although for .many individuals, personal ethics are rooted in religious beliefs, this is not true for everyone.
C. You won’t be allowed to take his car unless you are very careful with it.
A. Each individual has his own ethical standards and these alwas reflect his religious beliefs.
D. It is very important for him that you drive his car carefully.
B. Everyone has his own ethical code which may or may not have a religious foundation.
5. I'm not sure you'll like George. A. You’ve met George and liked him.
C. There is a religious basis to the special ethical code of many people, but not, by any means, of all people.
B. You’ve met George and didn’t like him much, C. You haven’t met George and may not like him.
D. With most people religious beliefs and ethical standards are largely in harmony, at least in most situations.
D. You’re going to like George if you meet him.
12. Don't assume that he will help you.
6. Alice's face turned bright red when the teacher asked her a question.
A. You shouldn’t take his help for granted.
A. Alice turned around to answer the teacher’s question.
B. He will certainly help you.
B. Alice is an intelligent student. C. Alice must have been embarrassed.
C. You should take his help for granted.
D. Alice faced the red book for the answer to the question.
13. He seemed very reluctant to take my advice.
7. No other building embodies the history of Paris more than does the famous cathedral of Notre-Dame.
A. He seemed quite willing to take my advice.
A. Of all the buddings in Paris, it is the celebrated cathedral of Notre-Dame that most truly represents the past of that city. B. Of all the great buildings of Paris, the cathedral of Notre-Dame holds a very special place among the people.
D. He won’t assume help for you.
B. It seemed he was not ready to give me advice, C. It seemed he was not willing to take my advice. D. He seemed very anxious to take my advice. 14. Her aquatic undertakings captured the public imagination and brought her unexpected fame.
A. Her investigations into life in the oceans earned her the admiration of the general public.
A. If he persists in giving orders in this manner, I will be forced to show my resentment.
B. Her underwater adventures appealed to the general public and soon she became quite famous.
B. He persistently orders people around which I find really offensive.
C. As her understanding of the sea-bed grew she attracted considerable attention and even became famous.
C. If he ordered me about like that, I’d certainly object on every occasion.
D. People were enthralled by her undersea missions and, surprisingly, she became famous.
22. This new record is certain to sell a lot of copies.
15. The minister's popularity suffered as a result of the scandal.
A. There’s no doubt that this new record will sell a lot of copies.
A. The scandal made the minister popular.
B. I doubt if this new record will sell a lot of copies, C. Certainly, this is a new record.
B. Despite the scandal, the minister’s popularity remained the same, C. The scandal had a negative effect on the minister’s popularity.
D. I always get upset when he starts giving orders to the people around him.
D. These copies are certainly new.
D. The scandal had a good effect on the minister’s popularity.
23. Strong as he is, he still can't lift that box.
16. They failed to send me a postcard.
A. The box was too heavy for him to lift.
A. They didn’t send me a postcard.
B. He’s very strong, but he still can’t lift that box.
B. They failed and didn’t send me a postcard, C. They sent me a postcard but it failed.
D. However he is strong, he still can’t lift that box.
D. I failed to get the postcard they sent me.
24. I don't think anyone in the world drives as badly as Maggie.
17. The 1980s brought a surge of new interest in expanding the definition of intelligence.
A. I don’t know anyone who drives as badly as Maggie.
A. Efforts to widen the definition of intelligence are immensely characteristic of the 1980s.
B. Maggie is known around the world for her bad driving, C. Everyone in the world knows that Maggie is a bad driver.
B. It was during the 1980s that the definition of intelligence attracted some attention, C. During the 1980s the desire to broaden the definition of intelligence re- appeared with compelling force.
D. I believe that Maggie is the worst driver in the world.
D. With the 1980s radical new definitions of intelligence suddenly and unexpectedly came into being. 18. He survived the operation thanks to the skillful surgeon.
C. He still can’t lift that box because he’s not as strong.
25. By next August Charles will have worked here for seven years. A. Charles is at present working here. B. Charles has now worked here for seven years. C. Charles is going to work here for the next seven years.
A. He survived because he was a skillful surgeon.
D. Charles no longer works here.
B. There was no skillful surgeon, so he died.
26. Why don't you ask her yourself?
C. He wouldn’t have survived the operation without the skillful surgeon. D. Though the surgeon was skillful, he couldn’t survive the operation. 19. The project received the unanimous approval of the committee.
A. Tell me why don’t you ask her yourself. B. I don’t want to know why you ask her yourself. C. Give me the reasons for your not asking her yourself.
A. Few members of the committee approved of the project.
D. I suggest you ask her yourself.
B. Many members of the committee approved of the project, C. The whole committee wasn’t in favor of the project.
27. At first glance, Chinese students appear as eager as ever to study in the us.
D. The whole committee was in favor of the project. 20. A majority of the students in this college are from overseas, A. Evervone in this college is from overseas. B. No one in this college is from overseas. C. Few students in this college are from overseas. D. Most of the students in this college are from overseas. 21. I find the way he habitually orders people about quite objectionable.
A. On the surface it seems that there is no decline in the desừe of Chinese students to get educated in the us. B. Apparently, Chinese students are incireasingly keen to continue their studies in the us. C. To all outward appearances, Chinese students are no less eager than they used to be to go to the us. D. Apparently, as long as Chinese students are eager to study in the us, they’ll do so. 28. She said, "John, I'll show you round my city when you're here." A. She made a trip round her city with John.
B. She planned to show John round her city.
A. My father stopped smoking three years ago.
C. She organized a trip round her city for John.
B. My father quit smoking for three years.
D. She promised to show John round her city.
C. My father started smoking three years ago.
29. The woman was just not strong enough to have caused so much damage.
D. My father will continue smoking in three years’ time.
A. Not much damage was caused because the woman was very weak.
36. The bank was open until nine and the department store until ten.
B. Someone else, not the woman, caused the damage.
A. The bank opened at nine and the department store at ten.
C. The woman wasn’t strong, but she caused great damage. D. The woman, though quite strong, caused little damage herself.
B. The bank closed an hour later than the department store, C. The bank closed at nine and the department store at ten.
30. "If you don't apologize immediately, I'm leaving," she told him.
D. The bank and the department store closed at almost the same time.
A. She told him not to apologize immediately.
37. Great or notorious leaders seem to have unusual and distinctive capabilities that mark them off from the rest of us.
B. She asked him to apologize immediately because she was leaving, C. She threatened to leave unless he apologized immediately. D. She told him she was leaving if he apologized immediately. 31. We hardly know Manhattan, so we need a city map. A. It’s hard for us to get around Manhattan without a city map. B. City maps will be useful when we are in Manhattan. C. Because we know very little about Manhattan, we can’t do without a city map.
A. Leaders, both illustrious and infamous ones, are apparently endowed with rare and remarkable capacities that distinguish them from other people. B. Leaders, whether they are remarkable for good or evil, are different from the rest of the world on account of their rare potential. C. Both the eminent and the notorious leaders of the world are set apart from the rest of mankind on account of their rare abilities.
D. If only we knew Manhattan better and didn’t need a city map.
D. It is on account of their remarkable capabilities that the great and the disreputable leaders alike, are so different from the rest of mankind.
32. I never want to see another film about space travel.
38. The film didn't corns up to my expectations.
A. I haven’t seen a film about space travel. B. I have enjoyed all the films I have seen about space travel, C. I am anxious not to miss the next film about space travel. D. I am tired of seeing films about space travel. 33. On their trip to Newcastle, John and Bill took turn driving. A. The boys took a wrong turn during the trip. B. The boys divided the driving time. C. Bill did most of the driving during the trip. D. John drove Bill to Newcastle. 34. An enduring illusion of the Americans is that every social imperfection can be corrected simply by passing a law. A. Americans can still be deluded into thinking that social problems can be effectively overcome by passing laws. B. Among the recurring delusions of Americans is the idea that, by passing laws, a remedy can be found for all social grievances.
A. I expected the film to end more abruptly. B. I expected the film to be more boring, C. The film was as good as I expected. D. The film fell short of my expectations. 39. Jogging is very useful. A. Jogging is not good. B. It is useful to jog. C. I find it useless to jog. D. We should not jog. 40. The company admitted giving misleading advertisements. A. The company admitted that they had given misleading advertisements. B. The company refused to give misleading advertisements, C. The company denied giving misleading advertisements. D. The company said they had given attractive advertisements.
C. A continuing misconception of the Americans is that all it takes to rectify a social shortcoming is the passing of a law.
41. I can come any day this week except Tuesday.
D. The erroneous belief that social defects can easily be overcome by the passing of laws still persists among the people of America.
B. I like to come once a week, on Tuesday.
35. My father hasn't smoked for three years.
D. The only day that I can manage this week is Tuesday.
A. This week, the only day that doesn’t suit me is Tuesday. B. I have only one free day each week, and that’s Tuesday.
42. So strong were the winds that the trees were uprooted.
C. Many exciting trips were offered to us.
A. The winds were not strong enough to uproot the trees.
D. All of us were excited about the trip.
B. The trees were uprooted because of the strong winds.
50. The scene is set in Normandy, but most of the characters in this novel are Londoners.
C. There were such strong winds that the trees were uprooted.
A. In the novel, the action moves backwards and forwards between Normandy and London.
D. Both B and C are correct.
B. The main characters in the novel are Londoners on a sightseeing holiday in Normandy.
43. Please watch your step as you get off. A. Please look at the steps while getting off.
C. In this novel, the story takes place in Normandy but the majority of the characters are from London.
B. Go down the steps in order to get off.
D. The story is about Normandy, but the leading characters are all Londoners.
C. Please have a look at the steps as you get off. D. Be careful not to tumble while getting off. 44. The injury has made it impossible for Jose to play baseball. A. Jose was a good baseball player before he had the injury. B. Jose is unable to play baseball because of his injury. C. If Jose piaved baseball well, he wouldn’t have an injury. D. Jose is not allowed to play baseball because he has an injury. 45. There's no point in persuading Jane to change her mind, A. Jane will change her mind though she doesn’t want to. B. It’s useless to persuade Jane to change her mind. C. It’s possible for us to persuade Jane to change her mind. D. No one wants Jane to change her mind because it’s pointless. 46. Could you please turn off the radio? A. You would feel pleased to use this radio. B. There will be pleasing news on the radio, C. Please turn off the radio. D. Would you mind turning on the radio? 47. At the bank, Joe is second in command. A. Joe used to work for a bank, but now’s he’s in the army. B. Joe holds the top position in the bank. C. Joe’s boss is first in command of the bank. D. Joe dislikes his work at the bank. 48. We didn’t recognize him until he came into the light. A. It was not until we recognized him that he came into the light. B. It was not until he came into the light that we recognized him. C. It was not until we didn't recognize him that he came into the light. D. It was not until he came into the light that we didn't recognize him. 49. The trip excited us all a lot. A. The trip was not exciting to us. B. We spent, a lot on the exciting trip.