ARCHBISHOP JOANIKIJE MIĆOVIĆ THE ROLE OF THE CHURCH IN CONTEMPORARY MONTENEGRIN SOCIETY THE DIPLOMATIC BAZAAR: A CELEBRATION OF CULTURE AND CHARITY IN MONTENEGRO
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H.E. MR. BARIŞ KALKAVAN Ambassador of the Republic of Türkiye to Montenegro
IMPROVING EDUCATIONAL POLICIES: FROM INCLUSION TO INNOVATION A HISTORIC BOND WITH A MODERN VISION PERAST THE JEWEL
FROM SUN TO WIRE: A VISION FOR
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Dear readers, Welcome to the seventh edition of “Diplomacy & Commerce Montenegro” magazine! As we close another chapter of our work, we reflect on everything we have accomplished together. The year behind us has been dynamic, full of challenges and opportunities, but also a chance to demonstrate our commitment to providing accurate and timely information.
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Joanikije Mićović, Archbishop of Cetinje and Metropolitan of Montenegro
ORTHODOXY IN MONTENEGRO, SINCE IT HAS EXISTED AS A SEPARATE DENOMINATION FROM ROMAN CATHOLICISM, HAS FOSTERED RELIGIOUS TOLERANCE TOWARDS THOSE DIFFERENT FROM ITSELF.
In an interview for “Diplomacy & Commerce Montenegro” magazine, Archbishop of Cetinje and Metropolitan of Montenegro and the Littoral , Joanikije Mićović , discusses the profound role of the Serbian Orthodox Church in shaping Montenegro's cultural and spiritual identity. Amid the challenges of economic inequality, youth migration, and the pressures of modernization, the Church continues to act as a pillar of tradition, tolerance, and community support. Archbishop of Cetinje and Metropolitan of Montenegro and the Littoral Joanikije reflects on the Church’s efforts to preserve Montenegro’s historical heritage, foster interfaith harmony, and inspire the younger generation to contribute to their homeland’s future.
Montenegro has a rich and diverse history. How does the Serbian Orthodox Church contribute to preserving Montenegro's cultural and religious identity while respecting its multiculturalism?
The Serbian Orthodox Church preserves the spiritual identity of Montenegro precisely by carrying out its centuries-old evangelical mission. It teaches and nurtures people in the values on which Montenegro was founded and has endured. These are the values of eternal life, philanthropy, humane action, faith in God and people, and preservation of God's cre-
ation. At the core of the Church's teaching is understanding towards dissenters and other spiritual directions. Orthodoxy in Montenegro, since it has existed as a separate denomination from Roman Catholicism, has fostered religious tolerance towards those different from itself. This is evidenced by the tolerant attitude towards Roman Catholics in Nemanjić-era Zeta, and later in the states of the Crnojević and Petrović dynasties in Montenegro. This tradition has continued to this day. The respectful and considerate attitude towards members of the Islamic faith represents a particular civilizational value, especially in the time after Montenegro was liberated from Ottoman occupation. Thus, the multiculturalism of Montenegro, among other things, is fundamentally based on the spiritual life and presence of the Serbian Orthodox Church in society.
In addition, preserving the spiritual identity of Montenegro is unimaginable without the simultaneous preservation, restoration, and functional use of the numerous Orthodox churches in Montenegro, which are at the same time places of worship for the Serbian Orthodox Church, for which purpose they were precisely built. Caring for these churches and the monumental heritage of Orthodoxy in Montenegro is among the primary intentions and activities of the Serbian Orthodox Church.
Montenegro faces challenges such as economic inequality and the migration of young people. How does the Church address these problems, particularly through supporting local communities and encouraging young people to stay in the country?
At all levels of life, from the personal, within the pastoral care of priests, to the social, through church appeals, proclamations, and the initiation of social actions, the Church strives to bind the youth to the social life here. Christian ethics is closely related to the concept of positive engagement in organizing family and social life, in one’s street, city, and country. This is a kind of obligation before God; in biblical terms, it is the "multiplication of talents", meaning the use of the gifts that God has given us for the common good. Of course, the response to this challenge does not fall exclusively within the Church’s responsibility. Primarily, it is a political issue, but the Church does not shy away from motivationally involving itself in solving it. Moreover, the Church, as much as it can by providing a personal example of engagement in the organization and improvement of society here and now. It also does this by inviting many of our people from abroad to re-
CHRISTIAN ETHICS IS CLOSELY RELATED TO THE CONCEPT OF POSITIVE ENGAGEMENT IN ORGANIZING FAMILY AND SOCIAL LIFE, IN ONE’S STREET, CITY, AND COUNTRY. THIS IS A KIND OF OBLIGATION BEFORE GOD; IN BIBLICAL TERMS, IT IS THE "MULTIPLICATION OF TALENTS", MEANING THE USE OF THE GIFTS THAT GOD HAS GIVEN US FOR THE COMMON GOOD.
as practically the second high school institution in the Montenegrin capital, represents a stimulating move for the local youth and the idea of their staying here.
Many significant Orthodox monasteries and churches are located in Montenegro. What steps does the Church take to preserve and protect these spiritual and cultural monuments despite the pressures of modern development?
turn to the country in some way, through their economic presence, investments, and the like.
Precisely on this issue, the Church establishes contact and cooperation with wealthy individuals of sound spirit, who help in the implementation of projects such as soup kitchens, educational institutions, and homes for the youngest and the elderly.
The launch of the Orthodox High School "St. Sava" in Podgorica,
The Church has its own expert team that monitors the condition of the mentioned structures and proposes measures for their protection. This team consists of competent individuals who are well-versed in the conservation culture trends of the 21st century. Based on the suggestions of these experts and the reports from priests responsible for services in these religious objects, our Church initiates proposals to state authorities to plan and start the process of adequately securing them from damage and decay, as well as promoting them as much as possible in the religious, cultural, and touristic presentation of Montenegro to the world. Specifically, over the past fif -
ty years, the Serbian Orthodox Church (SOC) has patiently and expertly restored the Skadar Lake monastery complex, known as the SkadarHoly Mountain, following all procedures prescribed by positive state regulations. The monasteries of Stanjevići and Podmaine have been restored from ruins. Numerous village and town churches have been restored and built, including two grand cathedrals in Podgorica and Bar, which, although the youngest sacred buildings in Montenegro, embody the spirit of tradition and, as you mentioned, the cultural identity of Montenegro. I would add that they also represent the continuous spiritual heritage of the Peć Patriarchate in this region.
Recently, we have been calling on the state and the public for the need to restore Njegoš's mausoleum on Lovćen, which, aside from its significance, was a monument protected by state laws at the time when the state itself demolished it. The fight for the restoration of this chapel also represents our struggle to preserve the authentic spiritual identity of Montenegro.
The Diplomatic Bazaar, organized by the International Women’s Club (IWC) in Montenegro, stands as a vibrant testament to the power of cultural exchange and community goodwill. Held annually, this event brings together representatives from various embassies, local organizations, and the Montenegrin public to celebrate diversity, foster international camaraderie, and raise funds for charitable causes.
This lively gathering transforms its venue into a microcosm of the world, with stalls showcasing the culinary delights, handicrafts, and traditions of participating countries. Visitors can wander through a colorful array of stands, tasting authentic dishes, purchasing unique artifacts, and learning about different cultures in an informal, festive setting. The bazaar is not only an opportunity to indulge in global flavors and arts
but also serves as an educational experience, emphasizing the importance of cultural appreciation and understanding in a globalized world.
The heart of the Diplomatic Bazaar lies in its philanthropic mission. Organized by the International Women’s Club, a nonprofit organization dedicated to community service and cross-cultural dialogue, the event directs its proceeds to local charities , emphasizing women and children. This year’s Diplomatic Bazaar was officially opened by First Lady Milena Milatović and the President of the International Women’s Club, Dr. Bilge Kalkavan. Over the years, funds raised from the bazaar have supported projects such as aiding underprivileged children, improving healthcare facilities, and empowering marginalized communities within Montenegro.
This focus on giving back underscores the event’s purpose: using diplomacy and culture as tools for positive social impact.
Moreover, the bazaar has become a cherished tradition in Montenegro, reflecting the country’s openness and its growing role as a hub for international collaboration. It not only strengthens the ties between foreign missions and the local population but also highlights Montenegro’s unique posi-
tion as a bridge between cultures.
The Diplomatic Bazaar organized by the International Women’s Club in Montenegro is more than just a festive gathering. It is a meaningful celebration of unity, diversity, and generosity, proving that when cultures come together with a shared purpose, they can create lasting positive change.
A reception was held in Podgorica on the occasion of the 101st anniversary of the Republic of Turkey
This year's Republic Day
Reception of the Turkish Embassy in Podgorica was organized with the participation of the Speaker of the Montenegrin Parliament Andrija Mandić and Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of Foreign Affairs Ervin Ibrahimović , as well as the President of the Islamic Union
Rifat Fejzić, Ministers, diplomatic corps, guests from the Montenegrin political, artistic and business world and Turkish citizens. Approximately 1000 guests attended the event. During the reception, a traditional folk dance group from Türkiye performed “Zeybek” (a Turkish folk dance), Montenegrin singer Milica Raičević
sang the Montenegrin national anthem, and Istanbul State Opera singers Efe Kışlalı and Şebnem Kışlalı sang the Turkish national anthem and the 10th Anniversary and İzmir Anthems accompanied by piano. The sponsors of this year’s event included members of the TurkCham Montenegro and the Association of Turkish
Businessmen of Montenegro as well as Turkish restaurants operating in Montengro.
On the occasion of the Turkish Republic Day, Millennium Bridge was illuminated with the colors of the Turkish flag.
Sofija Vučetić, Owner of the beauty concept “Sophie’s Beauty Line”
Sofija Vučetić, the owner of the beauty concept “Sophie’s Beauty Line”, has been successfully shaping and improving the cosmetics industry in Montenegro for years. In this interview, Sofija shares the inspiration, challenges, and vision behind her success.
Ms. Vučetić, for years now, your brand “Sophie’s Beauty Line” has been successfully meeting the needs of the Montenegrin market for beauty services. What led you to start your beauty concept project?
The decision to launch “Sophie’s Beauty Line” stemmed from my love for cosmetics and my desire to contribute to the development of the beauty industry in Montenegro. Ever since I was young, I have been fascinated by the transformative power of care and aesthetics, both externally and internally. I noticed there was room to improve the range of services and products offered in our market—not just in terms of quality but also with a holistic approach that caters to the individual needs of each client. I found inspiration in my passion for creation and my desire to offer something unique, combining innovative techniques, top-quality products, and a personalized approach. Moreover, the support of my family and colleagues was crucial, as they believed in the vision and potential of this project. From the very beginning, my goal was for Sophie’s Beauty Line to become synonymous with quality, trust, and top-notch service in the Montenegrin market.
You are this year’s recipient of the prestigious “40 Under 40” award presented by the Business Elites Award. Additionally, numerous awards and recognitions are tied to your name. What does this award mean to you, and how do you see its significance for the further development of your brand, as well as the cosmetics and fashion industries in Montenegro? This recognition is an extraordinary honor and a testament to the effort, work, and dedication I have invested in my brand and the industry I operate in. The “40 Under 40” award by Business Elites Award is not only an acknowledgment of individual achievements but also an opportunity to highlight the potential of young leaders from our region on a global level. For me, this award holds multiple significances. Firstly, it serves as additional incentive to continue innovating and setting new standards—not just in cosmetics and fashion, but also in the way a successful business can be built from Montenegro. Secondly, I believe this recognition will help strengthen the visibility of my brand on the international market, opening doors to new collaborations and opportunities. Regarding its broader significance for the industry in Montenegro, such awards help shine a light on the creative and business potential of our country. I hope that my example will inspire young entrepreneurs, especially women, to believe in themselves and their ideas, as success is possible even from small communities when you have vision, passion, and dedication.
SOFIJA VUČETIĆ Owner of the beauty concept “Sophie’s Beauty Line”
How do you maintain high standards in the services provided by “Sophie’s Beauty Line,” and how do you adapt to modern trends and the needs of clients on the Montenegrin market?
To maintain high standards in the services we provide, it is essential to invest in continuous staff education and to stay updated with global trends. Personalized services, high-quality products, and a focus on client feedback further ensure customer satisfaction. Our digital presence, promotion through social media, and
collaboration with experts help attract new audiences. We strive to uphold high hygiene standards and create a welcoming environment for clients who have trusted us throughout the years. In addition to education and a personalized approach, we regularly update our offerings in line with current trends, including innovative skincare treatments and anti-aging procedures. Investing in high-quality, natural products appeals to increasingly demanding clients, while social media presence and the promotion of new services increase visibility. Therefore, I can confidently say that a focus on professionalism, a pleasant atmosphere, and strict hygiene standards positions Sophie’s Beauty Line as a leader in the Montenegrin market.
Anđela Jakšić-Stojanović, PhD, Minister of Education,
The Ministry of Education, Science, and Innovation of Montenegro is central to ambitious reforms to modernise the education system, promote innovation, and enhance digital competencies. Minister Anđela Jakšić-Stojanović, PhD, discusses the ministry's key priorities and strategic goals in our magazine. These include modernising curricula, developing vocational and dual education, digitising schools and universities, and creating a favourable environment for research and innovation. In the interview, she reflects on the steps being taken to ensure that education in Montenegro meets the challenges of the modern labour market and on measures to retain young talent and enhance the scientific research community. Moreover, inclusive education and international cooperation are becoming increasingly significant priorities in modern society, especially in small countries like Montenegro, which actively advocates for equal opportunities for all its citizens.
Mrs Jakšić-Stojanović, the Ministry of Education, Science and Innovation, is the focus of many reforms. What are the most important priorities in the reform of Montenegro's education system, and how do you plan to ensure that they meet the needs of the modern labour market?
The priorities of the Ministry of Education, Science and Innovation aim to create a modern, inclusive and high-quality education system that meets the contemporary needs of society and the labour market. Education reform aims to ensure knowledge, skills and competencies that will enable our students to succeed in a dynamic global environment, focusing on key areas such as modernisation of curricula, development of professional and dual education, digitisation, infrastructure improvement and introduction of bilingual teaching. By reforming curricula, we ensure that students acquire the knowledge and skills needed for the modern labour market, emphasising
key skills of the 21st century, such as critical thinking, digital literacy and entrepreneurship. We promote STEM fields (Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics), which are key to technological development and innovation. Our programmes are shaped by intensive cooperation with the economy, market analysis, and alignment of content with the needs of providing the most sought-after professions. Vocational education occupies a central place in our reforms. We tailor educational programmes to meet market demands, providing additional training and retraining opportunities. We encourage both young people and adults to adapt to changes in the job market. Our primary focus is on dual education, a model that equips students with practical skills through hands-on experience in companies, preparing them for swift employment. To support the implementation of this model, we are also enhancing collaboration with employers and reinforcing the legal framework. The digitalisation of education is a priority of the modern educational system. We are introducing digital tools, platforms, and resources that enable the acquisition of digital competencies while training teachers to apply modern technologies in teaching. By digitising textbooks and teaching materials, we ensure more straightforward and faster access to knowledge. At the same time, the development of digital portfolios allows students to showcase their skills to future employers.
Modernising educational infrastructure is essential for quality learning. We are investing in the reconstruction and equipping of schools, building new facilities, and creating spaces tailored to the needs of modern teaching. Classrooms are equipped with laboratories, IT devices, and workshops that provide students with practical experience, especially in vocational schools. In addition to all these measures, we are also committed to strengthening career guidance by establishing Career Centres, which will provide
students with information about the needs of the labour market and opportunities for career development. Our goal is to build an educational system through these reforms that not only meet the current needs of society but also proactively respond to future challenges.
The Law on Incentive Measures for the Development of Research and Innovation established the conditions for improving the scientific infrastructure, encouraging innovative projects, and strengthening cooperation between the academic sector, the government and the state. What further steps does your Ministry plan to take in that direction? Also, how do you plan to motivate young researchers to stay in Montenegro and develop their careers?
Incentive measures for developing research and innovation, specifically tax relief for entities engaged in or investing in innovative activities, are standard support measures for developing innovation activities worldwide. This type of support has been in place for three years in Montenegro, and it has financially benefited the innovation community by approximately 4.5 million euros through the state's waiver of revenue, primarily by reducing corporate tax for investors in innovative activities and a small portion by reducing personal income tax for employees in start-ups and freelancers.
However, the initial implementation period revealed several challenges in implementing the legal solution, as well as the need to improve the effects of this type of investment, which is currently at a somewhat lower level. While discussing the short-term effects of investing in innovation may not seem easy, the mid-term report revealed some critical insights. Once funds were allocated for their intended purpose, it became clear that we needed to focus on educational initiatives. This can be achieved by registering innovation activities and selecting eligible innovation projects and programmes for incentives. Additionally, implementing a monitoring mechanism will help guide the development of the innovation community. Of course, success depends solely on the team's full commitment to the development of innovation, the appropriate selection of mentors, and, when the need arises, the selection of suitable external organisations that work with the team on development.
After the latest changes in the tax reform through Europe Now 2, it is clear that a considerable incentive has been given to employment and that a separate solution for innovations in that part is unnecessary, considering that in the exemption from local revenues, the impracticality of some measures has been established, or that there are separate legal solutions that stipulate reliefs. Following the needs of the innovation community, in cooperation with the Ministry of Finance, we have prepared a new legal solution. The plans involve launching two incentives to the community, namely, a reduction in personal income tax for freelancers, inventors, and individuals who donate to innovation activities and a reduction in corporate income tax for those legal entities that reinvest funds in their own innovation programmes and projects or donate to innovation activities. The public discussion was held from November 1-20, 2024, after which the Law was sent for opinion to the Secretariat for Legislation and is in the phase of interdepartmental harmonisation. Besides the fact that the proposed incentives have been improved in terms of their easier implementation, the new solution proposes a clearer mechanism for monitoring the development of supported innovation programmes and projects, as well as a more substantial role of the Commission in that part with expert evaluation by external experts. Donations also give a particular incentive to licensed scientific research institutions and their programmes and projects. Also, the new solution is adequately aligned with the rules on state aid control. We believe this approach will achieve the desired effect of investing in scientific research and innovation activities through incentive measures.
Adopting the new legal solution entails a period of diligent and highly demanding work on establishing new mechanisms for recognising programmes and projects, mechanisms for monitoring their development, and a significant segment of alignment with state aid rules, for which our team is fully prepared. The Ministry of Education, Science, and Innovation recognises the importance of young talents in developing science and is taking a series of concrete steps to make Montenegro attractive to young researchers. At a time when the world is facing numerous challenges, investing in science and research is becoming
BY REFORMING CURRICULA, WE ENSURE THAT STUDENTS ACQUIRE THE KNOWLEDGE AND SKILLS NEEDED FOR THE MODERN LABOUR MARKET, EMPHASISING KEY SKILLS OF THE 21ST
increasingly important. Aware of this trend, Montenegro is actively working to create an environment conducive to activities on developing scientific research. One of the main goals is to attract and retain young talents in the country. Through financial support, infrastructure development, the popularisation of science, and recognition of their work, an environment is being created that is attractive to young talents and allows them to realise their full potential. This approach not only strengthens the scientific community in Montenegro but also contributes to the overall development of society. Through a series of initiatives, the ministry creates an environment supporting the development of scientific research. Young researchers have the opportunity to advance through scholarship and grant programmes, allowing them to dedicate themselves to their research. Excellence scholarships for doctoral research enable young researchers to develop their careers in Montenegro, while research grants promote excellence, strengthen national scientific research teams, support interdisciplinary projects, and encourage collaboration with foreign institutions. Through mobility programmes, young scientists gain valuable experience in renowned global scientific centres, enabling them to expand their knowledge and establish international contacts. Returning to Montenegro with new knowledge and experiences strengthens the domestic scientific community. Additionally, support for investment in the modernisation of research infrastructure creates ideal conditions for conducting top-tier scientific projects. Excellence is also rewarded, and young researchers can be recognised for their scientific contributions. Investing in young researchers is a long-term investment in the country's future. Montenegro can attract and retain the best young minds by creating a favourable environment and providing necessary support, thus ensuring its sustainable development.
Digital transformation is an indispensable part of modern education. What is the Ministry undertaking to accelerate the digitisation of schools and universities and increase the availability of modern technologies to students and teachers?
The Ministry of Education, Science and Innovation is working at an accelerated pace on digitising the education system, especially since the December 2021 adoption of the Strategy for the Digitisation of the Education System 2022-2027 . This strategy has three key strategic goals, primarily focusing on improving the quality of education and providing all students with access to the latest technological resources to prepare them for a job market that is becoming increasingly demanding each year. The strategic goals are: Improvement of the Education Information System (improvement of legal regulations; enhancement of hardware infrastructure; development and improvement of software components; enhancement of data processing, usage, accuracy, and reliability; establishment of interoperability and development of electronic services; improvement of personnel structure) Development and Improvement of the Digital Ecosystem (establishing a mechanism for planning and development; improving legal regulations; enhancing computer infrastructure in educational institutions; developing digital educational content; establishing a platform for self-learning; improving online collaboration in all educational institutions)
Development and Enhancement of Digital Skills and Competencies (raising the level of digital skills and competencies of employees in educational institutions; raising the level of digital skills and competencies of students with a special focus on children and youth from vulnerable groups; improving the safe use of technology; enhancing digital skills and competencies and the application of digital technologies through promotional campaigns).
This year, the Government adopted the 2024-2025 Action Plan to implement the aforementioned strategy. During 2024, the Ministry made significant investments in the infrastructure of educational institutions. 6.8 million euros were allocated to purchase computer equipment for primary and secondary schools. This purchase provided 5,155 computers, 1,133 laptops, 1,806 TVs, 516 projectors and 455 printers.
One of the most important innovations in the digitisation process is the introduction of EdTech laboratories in primary and secondary schools. In the first half of the year, 32 EdTech laboratories were established, and currently another 70 laboratories are in the process of being established. These specialised rooms are equipped with advanced technology such as robots, 3D printers, micro:bit devices and PET recyclers. They are intended for children of all ages, and the goal is to develop skills that are directly related to the labour market, such as creativity, cooperation, programming, robotics, entrepreneurship and many others. In addition to the aforementioned hardware prerequisites, an interdisciplinary programme is being developed to increase the use of technologies in order to prevent the accumulation of technology that is not used for educational purposes. At the same time, a large number of online courses are created and placed on the "Digital School" portal, more precisely on the "Digionica" platform, as support for students and teachers for work in the laboratory. The aforementioned EdTech laboratories are an integral part of the "Digital School" concept, which also includes resources for online collaboration (Office365) as well as resources for independent online learning through online courses ("Digionica" platform). Currently, there are 1191 online courses on the "Digionica" platform, which include almost 13,000 lessons. Furthermore, as part of the project "Digital, inclusive and transformative: Quality education for Montenegro", which the Ministry of Education, Science and Innovation jointly implements with UNICEF, UNESCO and ILO with the financial support of the Fund for Accelerated Development of Montenegro ( MAF) organised the following trainings:
• 142 teachers - Media literacy as a key competence in education (two-day training)
• 149 teachers - Use of Microsoft
Office 365 (two-day training)
• 170 ICT coordinators - Application of the Digital School concept (oneday training)
• 202 ICT coordinators - Analytics in Microsoft Office365 and analytics in Microsoft Teams (one-day training)
• 33 teachers for the Programming in Scratch programme (two-day training) - the training will be implemented in 2024
making informed decisions for the improvement of the education system. Developing digital skills and competencies will continue to be a priority, as we believe that this is the key to building a competitive and successful society that can respond to the challenges of the future.
This ambitious digitisation plan is not only an investment in infrastructure, but also in people
THROUGH FINANCIAL SUPPORT, INFRASTRUCTURE DEVELOPMENT, THE POPULARISATION OF SCIENCE, AND RECOGNITION OF THEIR WORK, AN ENVIRONMENT IS BEING CREATED THAT IS ATTRACTIVE TO YOUNG TALENTS AND ALLOWS THEM TO REALISE THEIR FULL POTENTIAL.
In the coming period, it is planned to continue training for the use of Office 365, as well as training for: 3D modelling, use of PET recyclers, use of SELFIE tools for schools and teachers, etc.
In addition to the above, intensive work is being done on the improvement of the Education Information System, interoperability and the improvement and development of electronic services. During this year, 33,274 requests were submitted electronically: for the enrolment of children in preschool institutions, the first grade of primary or secondary school, music schools, faculties, homes and for exercising the right to a scholarship or loan. This significantly reduces administrative pressure, and processes become faster and more efficient. And finally, it is important to mention that, with the aim of a more complete and high-quality analysis of the education system, the data from the Information System of Education, which contains students' achievements, as well as the results from the external knowledge assessment, were linked with the results of the PISA test, and preconditions were created that, based on new analyses, appropriate steps can be taken to improve the educational system.
Looking to the future, we will continue to invest in additional training and digitisation, with the goal that all educational institutions, regardless of their size or resources, have access to the latest technologies. Also, in the coming years, efforts will be made to improve the analysis of the education system by connecting data from different sources, which will enable more precise monitoring of student progress and
and their skills, to enable all students, regardless of their social or economic status, to have an equal chance to succeed in the digital age.
There is no doubt that inclusive education represents one of the important challenges in today's society. Therefore, what are the further plans of the Ministry to support the education of children from marginalised and minority communities, as well as children with developmental disabilities?
The Ministry of Education, Science and Innovation is committed to providing inclusive education and creating equal opportunities for all students, especially for vulnerable groups such as the Roma and Egyptian population, children with special educational needs and students from other linguistic backgrounds. Through a series of measures, programmes and policies, the Ministry continuously improves the education system in order to meet the specific needs of these groups. We provide special support to Roma and Egyptian children through free stays in preschool institutions and the organisation of promotional campaigns that explain the benefits of preschool education to parents. In rural areas, we have established interactive services that enable children aged 3 to 6 to attend preschool activities three times a week in the premises of schools or local communities. At the level of elementary schools, we provide free transportation for students, and in order to improve conditions, we have acquired a new minibus vehicle. In addition, every year the Ministry announces a competition for awarding scholarships to high school students and students from the RE population,
whereby this year's scholarship for students has been increased from 225 to 300 euros. Dormitories of pupils and students ensure up to five percent of the capacity for accommodation of RE students, students with disabilities and beneficiaries of material security.
In the field of inclusion of children with special educational needs, Montenegro has a solid legal and strategic framework. The Law on the Education of Children with Special Educational Needs, as well as the Inclusive Education Strategy 2019-2025, are the basis for the inclusion of these children in the regular education system. The number of children with special educational needs in regular primary schools is continuously increasing, while the number of children in resource centres is decreasing, which indicates positive changes towards full inclusion. However, in secondary education this process is slower. In order to support inclusion, 517 teaching assistants were hired at all levels of education, and through projects such as the application of DAISY digital textbooks for students with sensory disabilities and the distribution of tablets with the C-board application for preschool institutions, Montenegro received international recognition for innovative practices. We enable children from other linguistic backgrounds to intensively learn the language in which they are taught, using school resources, while peer support facilitates their socialisation and adaptation to a new environment. We pay special attention to the provision of didactic and digital materials in the Albanian language in order to overcome language barriers.
Our plans for the future include the further development of inclusive policies through the new Education Reform Strategy 2024–2035 and the "Quality Education for All Children" project. Activities such as strengthening the capacity of teachers and professional associates to work with vulnerable groups, establishing support centres within schools equipped with assistive technologies, improving intersectoral cooperation in providing holistic support to students and conducting campaigns to strengthen social awareness of the importance of inclusion are foreseen.
Our goal is to ensure quality and equal education for all children through these measures, reduce discrimination and provide them with equal opportunities for development and progress.
After meeting with H.E. Ambassador of Austria to Montenegro, Dr. Christian Steiner, you emphasised the importance of cooperation between Montenegro and Austria, as one of the leaders in the field of education and innovation in Europe. In addition, what are the Ministry's plans for strengthening international cooperation and how will it contribute to the quality of education and innovation in the country? When it comes to cooperation with the Republic of Austria, the Ministry has been successfully cooperating with competent Austrian institutions in the field of education since 2010. For example, a few days ago the final conference of the project "Improving the quality of vocational education through strengthening the role of practical education organisers" was held, which was the result of cooperation between the Austrian Agency for Education and Internationalization, the Centre for Vocational Education of Montenegro and the Ministry of Education, Science and Innovation , whose goal is to improve the quality of vocational education as a key factor for strengthening the economy and ensuring a better future for the young generation, through strengthening the role of organisers of practical education of crucial importance for the development of students' competencies, which contributes to their competitiveness on the labour market. On the other hand, in the field of science, the bilateral Agreement on Scientific and Technological Cooperation has been in force since 2009, and its implementation has brought about the successful implementation of 52 bilateral projects, while the implementation of projects within the seventh consecutive joint competition, a total of 9 , worth 90,000.00 euros. Montenegro is certainly focused on strengthening cooperation with the Republic of Austria in the field of innovation, and the current trend will continue in the future. When it comes to international cooperation in general in the field of science and innovation, its importance and recognition in the context of Montenegro's development in these areas and full integration into the European Research Area (ERA) is indicated by the fact that the new Strategy for Scientific Research Activities 2024-2028, as one of the three strategic goals, determined the strengthening of international cooperation and encouraging participation in European programmes for science, research and technological development. The set of measures
that supports the development of this strategic goal refers to both bilateral, multilateral and regional cooperation, as well as encouraging participation in EU programmes: the EU Framework Programme for Research and Innovation "Horizon Europe", the EUREKA programme, the COST programme and the EU programme " Digital Europe". Special attention is paid to access to major research infrastructures, such as CERN, the European Laboratory for Molecular Biology and the Institute for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology.
In the area of education, the successful implementation of projects within the Erasmus+ programme, such as Eurydice, YouthWiki, EPALE, etc., will continue, as well as participation in various regional initiatives such as the Regional Fund for Challenges, through which in the previous 3 years with 3.25 million euros grants supported a total of 7 projects of Montenegrin secondary vocational schools.
March 2024 marked the beginning of the reform project "Quality education for every child in Montenegro", which is implemented in partnership with the Ministry, UNICEF and the Delegation of the European Union in Montenegro. The goal of the project is the development of a comprehensive Strategy for the reform of education (2025-2035), which will define the vision of education, the main goals and the activities that need to be implemented in order to achieve them. In addition to the Strategy, the project includes a series of interventions aimed at improving the quality and fairness of education. The latest news in this area was the signing of the Grant Agreement, by which the EBRD provided 4 million euros in grants for the project "Energy Efficiency Improvements in Educational Buildings".
A very important aspect is represented by the Instrument of Pre-Accession Support of the European Union for the period 2021-2027 (IPA III), within which, from the aspect of relevance for the field of science and innovation, it is important to note that Montenegro is the beneficiary of funds through the European Union's Energy Support Package for Montenegro. through which the Programme for Encouraging Innovations in the Service of Energy Efficiency in Industry is implementeda joint programme of the Ministry of Education, Science and Innovation, the Ministry of Economic Development and the Ministry of Energy,
INVESTING IN YOUNG RESEARCHERS IS A LONGTERM INVESTMENT IN THE COUNTRY'S FUTURE.
MONTENEGRO CAN ATTRACT AND RETAIN THE BEST YOUNG MINDS BY CREATING A FAVOURABLE ENVIRONMENT AND PROVIDING NECESSARY SUPPORT, THUS ENSURING ITS SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT.
which is implemented by the Innovation Fund of Montenegro, followed by support within the framework of the EU Reform instrument through the project BEST-Public sector in Montenegro (Building an Effective Sustainable and Transformational Public Sector), but a grant scheme for the mobility of researchers in the green sector through the IPA Action Plan for 2024 is also being prepared. During 2024, Montenegro was very active in the field of international cooperation in the field of education, science and innovation, which resulted in numerous agreements: Programme on educational cooperation between the Ministry of Education, Science and Innovation of Montenegro and the Ministry of Education of the Republic of China for the period 2024 -2027, as well as the Agreement on Mutual Recognition of Higher Education Certificates, the Agreement on Cooperation in the Field of Culture, Education, Science and Sports between the Government of Montenegro and the Government of the Federal Republic of Germany, The Agreement and Protocol between the Ministry of Education, Science and Innovation and the Goethe-Institute Belgrade, as well as the Memorandum between the Goethe-Institute and the Centre for Foreign Languages and Translation Double L, the Memorandum of Understanding with the British Coun-
cil, the Memorandum between the Ministry of Education, Science and Innovation and the Peace corpus and joining the International Scientific and Educational Programme "Global Learning and Observation for the Benefit of the Environment" (GLOBE), the Memorandum of Understanding on the establishment of a scholarship scheme between the Ministry of Education, Science and the innovation of Montenegro and the College of Europe, Agreement on scientific cooperation between the Ministry of Education, Science and Innovation and the National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Memorandum on cooperation between Montenegro and the Kingdom of Bahrain in the field of science, innovation and technology. Also, in the final phase of harmonisation, there are agreements on educational, scientific and technological cooperation between Montenegro and France, Ukraine, then Bulgaria, Cyprus, while very intensive work is being done on bilateral agreements with Armenia, Moldova, Georgia, the United States of Mexico, Cuba and others.
The above is a confirmation of our openness to cooperation, which brings numerous benefits to Montenegro, and which will be our guide in our further work on improving the field of education, science and innovation.
The The town Perast is a majestic town, located in the heart of Bay of Kotor, stretched and concealed by Sveti Ilija hill opposite the famous Verige inlet. Named after the Ilyrian tribe known as Pirusti after God Perun, the God of sky and thunder. In the past, it was a town of captains, sailors and boatmen. In Perast there were over a hundred sailing ships in its fleet, mentioning three shipyards from the XIV century, bearing in mind that it was merely recognized for building ships. The spirit of past centuries, splendor and opulence is still felt in Perast today. It preserved material traces of the Neolithic, Illyrian and Roman ages. The brilliant history of Perast begins with the arrival of Venice, and in the XVI century, the town became independent from Kotor and received the status of an independent municipality. In the XVII and XVIII century Perast was at the peak of it’s power, regarding that Perast was under the occupation of the Republic of Venice for around three and a half centuries. It is caracteristical that even though it was under the occupation, it was not entirely subjugated, since it had a kind of autonomy by virtue of the spirit of the people from Perast. They participated in the wars against the Turks together with the Venetians, when the city became a place of pirates and border guards. In the battle against the Turks, Peraštans took the victory, spreading the glory of Perast. Perast is also the most prominent for the famous „Bokelj“ navy and mechant ships, due to the fact that seafaring gave shape to the entire culture of Perast giving it a complete physiognomy and prevaling tendency. The inhabitants of Perast known as “Peraštani” had many privileges from the Venetian authorities, such as: free trade, excuding payment of taxes and custom duties, which was a huge advantage.
The dominant characteristic is that Perast had a relation with Russia, and on the recommendation of Venice, the Russian emperor Peter the Great sent the sons of famous noble families to Perast to be taught by the famous sailor Marko Martinović, a native of Perast. In 1698., Marko Martinović from Perast built a link between the Republic of Venice, Russia and Perast. He had the task of training Russian princes, among whom was the brother of the russian empress Catherine the Great, to provide them with maritime knowledge. From Venice, he sailed with sailing ships to Perast, where the practical part of the teaching was taught, and the theoretical part of the
teaching was carried out in his house. In the same year, in the XVII century, the first Naval school in the Balkans was founded, reflecting reputation and prominence. The Peraštans, as skilled sailors and shipowners, were indebted not only to Russia, but also to Argentina. Miloš Vukasović, sea captain and architect from Perast , is one of the founders of the merchant navy in Argentina. The prestige of the city is foremost exhibited through the fact that Perast was also a city of nobles, because they were famous for exceptional captains and sailors, and according the 12 families received the title of noble families with their palaces: Zmajević, Visković, Balović, Krilović, Bujović, etc. In the heart of Perast is located the museum, which preserves the story of Perast from the period when it was at the height of its power, in the period of the 15th19th centuries, as well as the gracefullness of the noble families of Perast and their palaces. The range of the stairs, the sea, the square, the hills represent the untangled life in Perast. In the center of the city there is a square dominated by the church of St. Nicholas with its impressive bell tower, regarding multiple churches: the church of St. Anne as well as the Orthodox church dedicated to the birth of the Blessed Virgin Mary.
There are two remarkable islands with two churches in the Boka bay: Our Lady of the Rocks an artifical island and St. George's Island as a natural island. The man-made history of the island of Our Lady of the Rocks is seven centuries old. The origin of the island and the church is related to the icon of this Virgin. According to a legend, the icon represented protection and faith, the answer to prayers, as it was gifted out to the monks to keep it in their monastery. However, when the monastery was burned down and demolished, the icon disappeared as well. After some time, the icon Virgin Mary appeared in the middle of the sea on a rock, and two fishermen saw it in the distance. As being rich and reverent, they took her to their family home and decided to build a small chapel to place her inside. In order to build it, they had to sink stones around small rocks, presenting the way on which the island is built, by piling stones and sinking ships. In the XVI century, in the archives, the Peraštans sank around hundred sailing ships in the foundations of the island of the Our Lady of the Rocks. The Church of Our Lady was built in 1484., and the present church was completed in 1690. Over time, the Peraštan
people expanded it through the custom of the prominent “Fashinade”. The island is a symbol of love and faith, a shrine in Boka bay dedicated to the Lady of the Rocks in which many sailors strongly believe and are devoted to. Many sailors have brought to the church votive silver plates as she saved their lives during navigation, including the rich history of “bokelj” seafarers. In it’s museum, there are about sixty paintings of ships by local and foreign painters, or else, mariners. In the header of the picture there is the Latin title "Votum feci grattiam accepi" translated as "I made a vow and I received the grace", as a gratitude for the answered prayer by Our Lady. The museum of the Church of Our Lady preserves a unique painting of a woman named Tinta from Perast, who embroidered it with love and prayed that her sailor husband would return home alive and healthy, and she donated the painting to the Church of Our Lady. She embroidered it for 27 years with a combination of Japanese and Chinese silk, using gold and silver threads, pearls, the precious technique Punto pintura known as "point painting".
On the other side, the island of St. George commonly known as the "island of the dead" in the middle of the Bay of Kotor, is associated with numerous legends. It is an island with live cypresses, ramparts, church, loopholes and lookouts. Legend has it that the island was first created by the god Poseidon and that the Greek hero Paris brought the kidnapped Helen here, inspired by the motives of the greek mitology “The Iliad and the Odyssey”. Withal, there is a church of the same name on the island, which is surrounded by walls surrounding the old cemetery. The patronage of the church was first held by the people of Kotor, and the residents of Perast had an age old dispute with them. Moreover, the impressive location in Perast embraces the stunning view of Verige, at the entrance to the Bay of Kotor. Conforming to a legend, Verige represented protection from enemies in the Bay of Kotor, and the people of Perast exceptionally guarded the entrance of the bay. When the Turks attacked Perast, the people of Perast collected Verige meaning “connected chains” and prevented the enemy from invading the bay. On the other hand, potential story unfolds, that the land part of the property in Verige belonged to the Verigo family, and that's how the area really got its name from.
Perast is a tremendously the personification of majesty and magnificence, as an impersonator of an opulent culture and a rich spirit that echoes throughout the whole town. Among various characteristics, Perast is surely a combination of splendour and serenity, and the attraction of this place is no wonder but astounding. Perast is a pure reflection of its glitter in the Boka bay and a true admirer of its own beauty.
With a focus on social change and a vision of a better future, Jelica
Begović, Executive Director of the NGO “Civic Activism”, leads an organization distinguished by its broad spectrum of activities—ranging from education and science to health and human rights. In an interview with Diplomacy & Commerce Montenegro, Jelica reveals how they channel resources into projects that provide the greatest benefit to the com
foundation of modern society, and the ways in which they empower vulnerable groups and improve their position in society. She also discusses the importance of synergy between the non-governmental sector, state institutions, and citizens in creating sustainable changes that go beyond current challenges.
THE CIVIL SOCIETY SECTOR PLAYS A CRUCIAL ROLE IN THE ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL EMPOWERMENT OF COMMUNITIES AND INDIVIDUALS. AS ORGANIZATIONS WORKING DIRECTLY WITH CITIZENS, ASSOCIATIONS IDENTIFY THE SPECIFIC NEEDS OF COMMUNITIES, PROVIDE SUPPORT WHERE STATE OR PRIVATE INITIATIVES MAY BE LACKING, AND ENABLE THE INCLUSION OF VULNERABLE GROUPS.
Jelica, your organization is one of the few that covers such diverse areas—from education, that bring long-term benefits and align with our mission— contributing to social equality and improving the quality of life. At the start of each project, we conduct comprehensive survey, including an assessment of its impact on various groups, from local communities to institutions. We also engage experts from different fields to ensure a high-quality, interdisciplinary approach. This way, we select projects that will create the most positive changes in society, ensuring that every resource is invested for the benefit of the users and the development of the community.
JELICA BEGOVIĆ
Director of the
One of the Association’s goals is the development of sports and health culture. What specific initiatives are you planning in this regard, given the importance of healthy lifestyles in modern society?
The development of sports and the promotion of a culture of health are key to strengthening healthy lifestyles, which are becoming increasingly important in modern society. Accordingly, we are planning several specific initiatives to support health through sports and education.
One of the initiatives involves organizing free sports programs and training sessions for young people in lo-
cal communities. We also plan to launch educational workshops on nutrition, mental health, and disease prevention, as we believe that healthy lifestyles require holistic approach. Additionally, we are working on establishing partnerships with schools and sports associations to initiate physical activity programs for children and youth.
Moreover, we aim to organize regular sports events and public gatherings that involve the wider public to raise awareness about the importance of health and physical activity. Our goals are to motivate citizens to adopt an active lifestyle and to create a supportive environment for anyone looking to improve their health.
Considering that you hold a master’s degree in law and that your work focuses on human rights and gender equality, how do you use your legal knowledge to strengthen the position of vulnerable groups through the activities of your Association?
My legal expertise helps me identify subtle aspects of legal protection and take steps toward more effective empowerment of vulnerable groups. Within the Association, we work on various projects that raise awareness of human rights, educate about legal protection, and provide guidance on exercising rights, particularly in the area of gender equality.
I apply legal analysis and advisory practices to empower the members of the groups we work with and enable them to better understand their rights. We also provide free legal support through counseling and educational workshops where participants can learn how to protect their rights. The Association often collaborates with relevant institutions to advocate for changes that will improve legal protections and create lasting improvements in the position of vulnerable communities.
What role, in your opinion, does the civil society sector play in the economic and social empowerment of communities and individuals?
The civil society sector plays a crucial role in the economic and social empowerment of communities and individuals. As organizations working directly with citizens, associations identify the specific needs of communities, provide support where state or private initiatives may be lacking, and enable the inclusion of vulnerable groups. On the economic front, the civil sector can stimulate develop -
ment through training, education, and employment opportunities. Through projects focused on professional development and encouraging entrepreneurship, we can help individuals acquire marketable skills, which directly impacts the economic stability of individuals and their families.
Socially, non-governmental organizations help build more connected and supportive communities. By educating citizens on human rights, gender equality, and civic rights, the civil society sector raises awareness of important issues and empowers citizens to actively participate in decision-making. Thus, the civil society sector acts as a bridge between citizens and institutions, working to improve quality of life and create equal opportunities for all.
You have established partnerships with NGOs such as “Jadranski Horizonti” and “Rastimo Zajedno”. In this regard, how do you evaluate cooperation with other civil sector organizations and state institutions? Collaboration with NGOs like Jadranski Horizonti and Rasti-
mo Zajedno is extremely valu able because it allows us to combine resources, expertise, and influence. Each organiza tion brings specific knowledge and experience that contribute to the success of joint projects. Such partnerships often lead to innovative solutions, as joint ef forts enable better identification and addressing of community needs.
Collaboration with state insti tutions is equally important because it contributes to more sustainable and long-term changes. Through these part nerships, we achieve a broader impact and gain the support and recog nition necessary to implement policies and initiatives that serve the interests of citizens.
I believe that syn ergy and cross-sec tor collabo ration are key to achieving meaningful so cial progress.
Our interlocutor, H.E. Mr. Bariş Kalkavan, Ambassador of Türkiye to Montenegro, explores the multifaceted relationship between the two nations. From their historical ties and Türkiye’s role in Montenegro’s NATO integration to expanding economic and cultural cooperation, Ambassador Kalkavan highlights key milestones and opportunities for strengthening this dynamic partnership.
Diplomatic relations between Türkiye and Montenegro were established in 1879. How do you assess the current diplomatic relations between official Ankara and Podgorica?
The Ottoman Empire was the first state to recognize the Kingdom of Montenegro, which gained its independence for the first time with the Treaty of Berlin in 1878. Following the establishment of diplomatic relations, the first
ATTACHING GREAT IMPORTANCE TO THE PEACE AND STABILITY OF THE BALKANS, MONTENEGRO IS AN IMPORTANT ALLY OF TÜRKIYE AS A PILLAR OF PEACE AND STABILITY IN THE REGION.
Montenegro became independent for the second time in history, Türkiye recognized Montenegro on 12 June 2006 among the first countries to do so and diplomatic relations between the two countries were reestablished on 3 July
Attaching great importance to the peace and stability of the Balkans, Montenegro is an important ally of Türkiye as a pillar of peace and stability in the region. Türkiye supports the efforts of Montenegro, whose primary foreign policy objective is integration with the European Union and Euro-Atlantic institutions. Moreover, in close cooperation with Türkiye, Montenegro shows solidarity with our country in regional and international platforms. We actively promoted Montenegro’s NATO membership as the forefront supporter until membership was granted in 2017.
High level visits and contacts between the two countries continue intensively and successfully. We are working on the visits of the President of Montenegro Mr. Jakov Milatović and Prime Minister Mr. Milojko Spajić to Türkiye in the upcoming period.
We have enjoyed excellent bilateral relations. We are discussing a wide range of cooperation opportunities, from trade and education to tourism, agriculture and health. Turkish Cooperation and Coordination Agency (TIKA) and Yunus Emre Turkish Cultural Center also contribute to our activities.
As a result of the efforts of our Education Counselor’s Office together with Yunus Emre Turkish Cultural Center, TIKA, Turkish language has been included in the curriculum of public schools in Montenegro as an elective foreign language at all levels as of the current academic year. We continue our efforts to ensure that Turkish language is preferred by as many students as possible. Türkiye-Montenegro Alumni Association (MASAT) started its activities in 2018. The number of Turkish alumni in Montenegro is approximately 600. The Association carries out Türkiye Scholarships promotion programs, establishes connections between Turkish business people and graduates coming to Montenegro, and helps our Montenegrin graduates not to be unemployed and to meet the personnel needs of Turkish business people in Montenegro. Turkish Airlines and Ziraat Bank are two flag important companies operating in Montenegro. Likewise, the Trade Counselor's Office, Education Counselor's Office and Religious Services Counselor's Office, which operate under our Embassy, have been continuing their activities for a long time. Finally, to fulfill our cooperation potential perfectly in the field of military and defense, our first resident Military Attaché became operational in September.
The "TurkCham Montenegro" is an independent non-profit organization established in 2023 by the leading companies of Montenegro and Türkiye. What is the goal of this organization and what are its most important activities?
Turkish Chamber of Commerce in Montenegro (TurkCham) was established in June 2023 to boost economic cooperation in all sectors. Education, health, agriculture, energy, tourism and infrastructure are TurkCham's priority areas of cooperation. TurkCham, which was established to develop our activities in these areas, constitutes a very important stage in terms of our business relations in Montenegro. TurkCham was founded by largest companies from Türkiye and Montenegro. The membership requirements are quite strict.
Although we have witnessed a slowing trend in FDI in Montenegro, Turkish investments have been increasing and now we rank third in terms of FDI to Montenegro. A subsidiary of a public Turkish commercial bank, Ziraat Bank Montenegro has been successfully operating since 2015. I would like to take the opportunity to thank the Chamber of Economy of Montenegro (PKCG) and other Montenegrin institutions for their enormous support and cooperation with the Turkish companies and institutions, especially during the
I AM CONFIDENT THAT THE STRENGTH OF OUR POLITICAL DIALOGUE AND CLOSENESS OF OUR PEOPLES WILL ENABLE US TO OVERCOME ANY KIND OF CHALLENGES AHEAD.
establishment of TurkCham from the very beginning.
TurkCham has so far signed memorandum of cooperation with Chamber of Economy of Montenegro (PKCG), Montenegrin Association of Employers (CUP) and Montenegrin Foreign Investors Council.
TurkCham's activities are supported by the Montenegrin authorities, whether at the level of the Government or local authorities, and events organized by the Chamber are attended at a high level.
The Association of Turkish Business People of Montenegro (KTID), an NGO founded by Turkish business people in 2018, is also an umbrella association of small and medium-sized enterprises. KTID is a member of TurkCham as an association.
Burhan Genc, Vice president of "TurkCham Montenegro", announced that the volume of bilateral cooperation between Türkiye and Montenegro exceeded 200 million euros. What are the further plans for Turkish investments in Montenegro, especially when it comes to education and healthcare?
Montenegro has been an integral part of the global economic system. Current political and economic conditions in the country are suitable. The country offers favorable tax rates. With the Europe Now economic program, citizens' purchasing power has increased. Legislation is getting more and more compliant with EU acquis.
Over 10 thousand registered Turkish companies in Montenegro are operating mainly in service sector, namely construction, energy and mining, real estate, tourism, furniture, consultancy.
Nevertheless, Turkish companies are more and more interested in expanding to health, agriculture, education, IT, renewable energy sectors.
Türkiye has ranked third in foreign direct investments last year with additional 85 million Euros. As of May this year, we are in the third place in foreign direct investments with 30 million Euros. Turkish companies which has proved themselves in various transport infrastructure projects throughout Southeast Europe are ready to take part in future highway and railway construction projects in Montenegro.
All of the mentioned commercial initiatives demonstrate the strong belief and trust in Turkish business people in Montenegro and her future.
Having said that, we are aware of the shortcomings in the system. Montenegro is certainly not a rose without thorns. I am confident that the strength of our political dialogue and closeness of our peoples will enable us to overcome any kind of challenges ahead. We will work hand in hand with Montenegrin government and private sector to overcome the challenges.
Dr Andrea Jovović, a young medical doctor and resident in plastic, reconstructive, and aesthetic surgery, represents a bright future for Montenegro’s healthcare system. With a deep passion for this field of surgery, Dr Jovović has combined her expertise and dedication, embarking on a path that is not only challenging but also profoundly transformative for her patients. Through her work at the Clinical Center of Montenegro and now as a resident, she is already bringing innovative approaches to this specialized branch of medicine. In an interview with Diplomacy & Commerce Montenegro magazine, Dr Jovović shares her experiences, perspectives on the current challenges of Montenegro’s healthcare system, and offers inspiration to all young doctors to hold onto their ideals, no matter how difficult the journey may be.
Dr Jovović, you are very young, yet you already have an impressive academic and professional career. After completing your studies, you worked as a clinical doctor at the Surgery Clinic of the Clinical Center of Montenegro. You are currently employed at a private clinic and have also enrolled in a specialization in plastic, reconstructive, and aesthetic surgery. What influenced your decision to pursue medicine as your field of interest?
Thank you for your kind words, but I would say that my journey toward professional affirmation is still a long one. I’ve mentioned before that I believe we don’t choose medicine; medicine chooses us. Medicine wasn’t my passion from an early age. For me, it was more about piano, mathematics, and architecture. By a twist of fate, my career became tied to medicine, and now I can’t imagine myself in any other field. It’s a demanding and responsible job that truly cannot be done without immense love and dedication. You don’t fully realize this during your studies but rather when you find yourself
DR ANDREA JOVOVIĆ Medical Doctor
in front of a patient who needs your help. It undoubtedly requires great sacrifice and hard work, but at the end of the day, the gratitude of a patient and the ability to help someone during their most challenging moments is truly the greatest personal reward.
How has the support of mentors and colleagues during your education and practice influenced your success? What advice would you give to medical students who are just starting out on their educational journey?
I’ve been fortunate to meet and work with people throughout my academic development who have always been much more than just colleagues and collaborators. Today, I am proud to call some of them friends. When you choose surgery as your life’s calling, you know that you cannot do it alone – it’s a team effort. Surgery carries great responsibility, but it’s also a special privilege to know you have the support and trust of those whose work you admire. For every young doctor, it’s essential to receive validation from experienced and wise mentors that the path they’ve chosen is the right one.
To younger colleagues, I would advise arming themselves with patience. They will need it in a system that doesn’t always recognize their efforts or reward their hard work. Keep in mind that the system, fortunately, does not determine your future. Be diligent, do your best, learn for the sake of your future patients. When one door closes, another, often better, opportunity will arise. And most importantly, never give up on what you’ve dreamed of. Hard work and personal development always pay off – they’re never a wasted investment. When you give your best, trust that some good people will recognize and appreciate it. I have the privilege of working with an incredible team and the honor of learning from the best surgeons in the country. With the support of Dr Kristina Davidović, I’ve been able to live and practice medicine exactly as I envisioned, and I’ve specialized in what I’ve always dreamed of. Never be afraid to step out of the “acceptable” boundaries. Seek and find your own path – one where you’ll enjoy your work and be the best version of yourself, both for yourself and for your patients.
You’ve mentioned before that, from the very beginning of your studies, you envisioned plastic, reconstructive, and aesthetic surgery as your life’s calling. Currently, you’re specializing in this field at the Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade. What drew you to this specialty, and how do you see its development in Montenegro?
Anyone who knows me is aware that the specialization I’m pursuing has always been my dream and sole interest since the beginning of my studies. Plastic, reconstructive, and aesthetic surgery is a vast surgical discipline that doesn’t focus on a specific anatomical region but primarily deals with the skin, its components, and soft tissues. This branch of surgery addresses a wide range of conditions – ranging from malignant skin diseases and reconstructive efforts for traumatic, congenital, and other defects, to burn care and aesthetic procedures – there is always room for growth and improvement. It is essential for every branch of medicine to keep up with global trends and protocols so that we can provide the best care for our patients.
Plastic and aesthetic surgery is often the subject of social stereotypes. How do you deal with these biases, and how would you explain the broader role of this medical field?
Stereotypes exist because this branch of surgery is often exclusively associated with its aesthetic aspect. However, plastic surgery is a discipline focused on the reconstruction and restoration of defects, deformities, and anomalies, whether congenital or acquired, resulting from external or internal factors, or as a natural consequence of aging. The goal of plastic surgery is to remove the superfluous, return displaced structures to their proper position, separate what is fused, connect what is divided, and replace what is missing. As I’ve mentioned before, a significant part of this field includes treating malignant skin conditions, reconstructing defects of various origins, and caring for burns. Of course, the more glamorous side is aesthetic surgery, which aims to correct minor imperfections while preserving natural beauty and individuality. Its purpose is not only to enhance appearances but also to boost confidence, making it an integral part of a person’s well-being.
SURGERY CARRIES GREAT RESPONSIBILITY, BUT IT’S ALSO A SPECIAL PRIVILEGE TO KNOW YOU HAVE THE SUPPORT AND TRUST OF THOSE WHOSE WORK YOU ADMIRE. FOR EVERY YOUNG DOCTOR, IT’S ESSENTIAL TO RECEIVE VALIDATION FROM EXPERIENCED AND WISE MENTORS THAT THE PATH THEY’VE CHOSEN IS THE RIGHT ONE.
Considering your experience working at the Clinical Center of Montenegro, you’ve had the opportunity to observe the state of Montenegro’s healthcare system daily. What do you consider the biggest challenges young doctors face today in Montenegro, and in which areas do you believe healthcare reform is most needed?
I am far from an expert when it comes to steering the healthcare system of an entire country. I firmly believe that systems function best when everyone stays within their expertise –“shoemaker, stick to your last”, as they say – and my “last” is certainly not healthcare management. I trust that the people in appropriate positions, with the experience and wisdom to govern and make decisions, are
the ones tasked with these responsibilities. From the perspective of a young doctor, however, I will say that what frustrated me the most was the system’s inability to recognize the aspirations and affinities of young physicians who have earned their place in the healthcare system of Montenegro through hard work and dedication. I know many colleagues whose greatest challenge after completing their education was deciding which country to continue their careers in. As a result, Montenegro has lost – and continues to lose – outstanding doctors who I believe are essential for the survival and progress of our healthcare system, while, we seem to operate under the notion that “we can manage without those who are gone”.
Danilo Popović, founder of the niche perfume workshop “Niche Perfume Lab”
THE INITIAL IDEA AND ASPIRATION THAT GUIDED US IN FOUNDING THE NICHE PERFUME LAB WAS TO CREATE AN AUTHENTIC MONTENEGRIN PRODUCT THAT WOULD REPRESENT MORE THAN JUST THE SALE OF PERFUMES.
In the world of luxury perfumes, dominated by global brands and mass production, “Niche Perfume Lab” from Montenegro emerges as a refreshing phenomenon. This unique workshop for creating niche perfumes crafts fragrances that are not merely products but true works of art. Danilo Popović, the founder and creator of this innovative workshop, reveals that a passion for the art of fragrance and a desire to create something authentic, reflecting the character and emotions of the customer, were the driving forces behind the birth of this brand. In an interview with the magazine Diplomacy & Commerce Montenegro, Popović shares his passion for perfume creation, the process of crafting fragrances, and his perspective on the niche perfume market in Montenegro.
Mr. Popović, considering that creating niche perfumes is a highly specific craft requiring special skills and knowledge, what inspired you to establish “Niche Perfume Lab,” and how did you start this unique business in Montenegro?
We believe that people are initially drawn to any profession, art, or hobby by interest and love for it, with knowledge coming only after spending a certain amount of time in the field. The initial idea and aspiration that guided us in founding the Niche Perfume Lab was to create an authentic Montenegrin product that would represent more than just the sale of perfumes. If I had to single out one motive that has been and remains the main inspiration, it would be the idea that at some point in the future, we can of-
THE NAME OF A PERFUME IS NOT AS INSIGNIFICANT AS IT MIGHT SEEM AT FIRST GLANCE; EACH ONE IS CHOSEN WITH GREAT CARE. WHEN YOU IDENTIFY THE FRAGRANCE NOTES THAT MAKE UP A PERFUME, IT’S IMPORTANT TO HIGHLIGHT WHAT THEY REPRESENT AND WHAT THEY SHOULD EVOKE.
fer every perfume enthusiast in Montenegro a fragrance tailored to their taste and based on their character.
Handcrafted perfumes have a special charm, as every detail passes through careful hands and reflects the personal touch of the perfumer. Could you describe the process of handcrafting perfumes? How long does it take to create a single fragrance? The blending of perfume oils is carried out under laboratory conditions, with surgically precise temperature control. What takes the most time – and requires extensive knowledge and research—is creating each formula individually for a specific perfume. This means that when you create a formula from scratch, you must consider everything
franchises of prestigious perfume brands, it’s clear that the market is saturated with “mainstream” perfumes and cosmetic brands. However, what we’ve noticed in the Montenegrin market is a lack of authenticity when it comes to the impression and image that a perfume conveys. We saw an opportunity in creating scents for perfume enthusiasts that would serve as their personal signature, making them feel as though they had actively participated in the creation of that unique fragrance.
place, an event, a memory, or even a person. All of these are significant factors in creating the final fragrance and naming each individual perfume.
What message would you give to people considering purchasing a niche perfume or supporting local producers?
you want the perfume to represent for the person who will wear it as part of their image. The most important part of this process is understanding fragrance notes and carefully selecting those that, combined in a single perfume, form a winning composition. In our case, the lifecycle of a perfume – from selecting and blending fragrance notes to the packaged bottle – has often taken several months. Once the final product is created, it must rest for 30 to 60 days before being released for sale.
How do you assess the niche perfume market in Montenegro and the region? Is there growing interest in personalized fragrances? In a time when, even in Montenegro, you have access to the internet, delivery services, and even
“London Fog,” “Fidel,” “Marinero” are just a few of the many niche perfumes from your workshop. Where do you find inspiration for new fragrances, and how do you choose their names? Do you draw from emotions, memories, or perhaps a particular place or event?
The name of a perfume is not as insignificant as it might seem at first glance; each one is chosen with great care. When you identify the fragrance notes that make up a perfume, it’s important to highlight what they represent and what they should evoke. For example, citrusy perfumes and those with “light” floral notes often remind us of the sea and nature, which is why one of these perfumes is called “Palermo.” On the other hand, a perfume with “closed” notes, such as walnut wood, tonka bean, and green apple, is named “London Fog.”
Of course, every perfume lover has, at least once, experienced a scent that reminds them of a
It’s clear that every consumer feels the need for a product that reflects something about them as part of their image. The car we drive or the clothes we wear say something about us—about our personality, our character, and so on. We believe that a personalized perfume can leave an exceptionally strong personal mark on each of us. That’s why we encourage all perfume enthusiasts to visit us, and we’ll help them find a fragrance that will become an indispensable part of their image.
Ultimately, Niche Perfume Lab represents a domestic micro-market – a local producer competing with foreign mega-corporations. The product our clients purchase is designed, created, and produced in Montenegro. For those hesitating about which perfume to choose, we invite them to support us as representatives of Montenegro’s small economy by purchasing a product where every cent spent—on production, tax payments, employee wages, transportation, and more – stays in Montenegro.
The diplomatic relationships of any nation with the Holy See draw significant public attention, and a country’s impact in Europe, as well as on the global stage over the last hundred years, depends heavily on those affiliations. Montenegro is notable for being the first largely Orthodox country to establish the Concordat with the Holy See in 1886, making it the first South Slavic and Balkan nation. This signified a pivotal moment in diplomatic relations with the Vatican, set in motion after the end of the Montenegrin-Ottoman War, commonly known as the Great War. This conflict saw our nation achieve victory, bolstering its stature and reputation internationally. The culmination of Montenegro’s military successes was marked by its acknowledgment of independence and significant territorial expansions at the Congress of Berlin, which took place from June 13 to July 13, 1878.
The signing of the Concordat represents a significant moment, transcending mere religious implications to encompass historical, diplomatic, and cultural dimensions. This signifies Montenegro’s integration into the wider framework of European and global society. At the same time, while the Holy See worked to establish and strengthen ties with the small Balkan nation, the protection of Catholic life for the sake of freedom, survival, and development in Montenegro was also being maintained. Montenegrin historians place significant emphasis on the contributions of Nikola I Petrović, who spearheaded efforts to restore and re-establish the archdiocese within Montenegro, effectively uniting all Catholics in Montenegro under its authority. Historical records reveal that the Archdiocese of Bar was merged with the Archdiocese of Shkodër in 1867, a decision made by the Holy See, placing the Catholic faithful from those regions under the protection of Austro-Hungary. Consequently, it became essential to detach the Archdiocese of Bar from Shkodër and restore its status as an independent archdiocese. In 1879, Prince Nikola I leveraged his amicable ties with Bishop Strossmayer (Josip Juraj) to commence discussions with the Holy See aimed at finalizing the Concordat. This Treaty marked a significant milestone, as it comprehensively delineated the position of the Catholic Church in our nation for the first time. The lengthy negotiations spanned eight years, ultimately reaching their conclusion in 1886 with the signing of the Concordat with the Holy See. It is crucial to highlight that, following the Congress of Berlin, there existed approximately 5 to 6 thousand Catholics living in Montenegro, predominantly of Albanian descent.
The signing of the Concordat by both parties held substantial political ramifications, alongside its religious dimensions. In a predominantly Orthodox Montenegro, the agreement with the Vatican conferred significant political prestige within Western Europe, secured peace along the borders with Austria and the Ottoman Empire, and instilled in Prince Nikola the aspiration to extend his influence into the regions of Metohija. The Catholic Church views the Treaty not only as a safeguard for Catholics in a predominantly Orthodox nation but also as a blueprint for potential future implementations in analogues situations. Markedly, J.J. Strossmayer posited that the Convention might significantly contribute to the advancement of Slavic unity in the Balkans. The envoy of Prince Nikola I, diplomat Jovan Sundečić, expressed great enthusiasm for the idea. In the aftermath of the Congress of Berlin and the acknowledgment of Montenegrin independence, it is noteworthy that Cetinje emerged as a small hub for European affairs. Eleven missions were established there, yet it is noteworthy that the Vatican lacked its own mission due to the absence of diplomatic status. The signing of the Concordat with the Vatican signified that a small Balkan state committed to upholding the rights of its minority religious community and demonstrated its readiness to engage in foreign policy on par with the most advanced nations in Europe at that time. In “Diplomatic Legations in the Kingdom and Principality of Montenegro,” authors Stanko Roganović and Marko Špadijer highlight that in 1901, a Catholic church along with a priest’s residence, which functioned as the unofficial summer residence of the archbishop of Bar, were built in Cetinje. Financial support for this project came from notable figures including Leo XIII, J.J. Strossmayer, the Italian Queen Elena of Montenegro, and Prince Nikola I Petrović. Following the signing of the Concordat between the Holy See and Montenegro, intense debates erupted between Austria-Hungary and the Vatican. In the concluding 14th article of the Treaty, Montenegro was granted authority to print the Missal in Cyrillic, a move that faced criticism
from Austria-Hungary and numerous officials within the Holy See. Nonetheless, the Missal was never produced in Cyrillic. Pope Leo XIII, seeking to ease tensions, granted approval for the Missal to be printed in Glagolitic script, with the Prince’s consent. Of the 30 printed Missals, 12 made their way to Montenegro, with one being personally dispatched to Prince Nikola I Petrović-Njegoš. The event marked a significant historical transformation and a period of political vitality for Montenegro. The international recognition garnered at the Congress of Berlin, along with the establishment of diplomatic relations with the developed world, highlighted the significance of the connections formed with the Vatican. These relations not only underscored the religious freedoms attained in Montenegro but also illustrated its democratic standards in Europe during that period.
The unification of the Slavic peoples and the establishment of a community comprising Serbs, Croats, and Slovenes, a vision championed by Strossmayer, signified for Montenegro a forfeiture of independence and, as a result, rendered the Concordat increasingly irrelevant. The establishment of the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes marked the formation of a new, arguably ineffective organization encompassing all religious communities. The Montenegrin Church integrated into the revitalized Serbian Orthodox Church, while the Archdiocese of Bar, representing Montenegrin Catholics, joined the Bishops’ Conference, a distinctive body for the Roman Catholic Church within the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes. The Islamic Community of Montenegro faced a comparable outcome, as it was incorporated into the Islamic Community of Serbia and came under the jurisdiction of the Mufti in Belgrade.
Following the restoration of independence and sovereignty in the 2006 referendum, Montenegro resumed discussions with the Holy See, culminating in the signing of the Fundamental Agreement on June 24, 2011. The treaty came into effect on June 21, 2012, following its ratification, and was crafted in accordance with contemporary democratic standards. This document served as the cornerstone for the coexistence and organization of a modern civil Montenegro, characterized by its multi-ethnic, multinational, and multi-religious fabric. This document is fundamentally rooted in the principles established by the Convention of 1886, which underpins the diplomatic collaboration between Montenegro and the Vatican.
Ljubiša
The interviewee for “Diplomacy & Commerce Montenegro” magazine, Ljubiša Bošković, founder and director of the company “Sistem – mne”, is recognized as a pioneer in the field of renewable energy in Montenegro. In this interview, Bošković discusses the potential of solar energy in Montenegro, the challenges in developing the electricity sector, and the importance of maintaining a sustainable balance between economic growth and environmental protection.
Mr. Bošković, to what extent can solar energy serve as a productive resource for Montenegro, and are investments in the Montenegrin electricity distribution system necessary to fully capitalize on this energy?
With global societal development, including Montenegro and neighboring countries, the demand for electricity distribution increases, and, naturally, production capacities are constantly being expanded. It is crucial to make additional investments in the electricity distribution system. However, no matter how much the system expands, it is essential to recognize
LJUBIŠA BOŠKOVIĆ Founder and director of the company “Sistem – MNE ”
that the electricity distribution system has its limitations, particularly in certain locations. In this context, solar energy, which is connected to the electricity distribution system, i.e., to the 35/10 network or the lower 04 network, can represent a significant resource for Montenegro. Given the recent changes in the law regulating this area, there have been adjustments at the point of connection, as well
as the implementation of On-Grid solar power plants on land. These developments greatly contribute to improving supply, especially in areas served by long, radial lines of the electricity distribution network.
Considering the growing interest among the population in Montenegro for installing solar panels, can you share how citizens can calculate their cost-effectiveness to make an informed decision?
Until now, citizens were only consumers. However, the new law allows them to also become producers of electricity through photovoltaic systems, i.e., small solar power plants installed on residential rooftops. Each property has one or more meters, and all meters have a limited connection capacity. The sum of one or more meters determines the total installed capacity of the future solar system that residents can install on their rooftops. Undoubtedly, planning a rooftop solar power plant may face certain limitations, such as an unsuitable roof orientation (if it is not south-facing) or unfavorable microclimatic conditions at a
given location. Another limitation is that for some properties, which are higher electricity consumers, the roof size may be too small to fully meet and cover annual electricity consumption with production. I would emphasize that there are various cases, and each home is unique. Therefore, for each household, it is necessary to conduct a specific calculation on an annual basis to determine the required installed capacity, ensuring it does not exceed the allowable connection capacity. In any case, if it is determined that a household’s annual electricity consumption can be met by installing a solar power plant with a specific installed capacity, citizens gain a significant advantage. However, it is difficult for citizens to independently calculate the ratio of produced to consumed electricity, as it is never possible to determine this with absolute accuracy. They will inevitably need the assistance of licensed engineers, whose job is to perform such calculations. I can say that this type of investment is economically viable within a period of six to eight years. Additional-
ly, to make an informed decision about installing solar panels in their homes, I advise citizens to consult professionals, i.e., companies specialized in this field.
Given the noticeable trend of creating solar farms in rural areas of Montenegro, which are predominantly used for various agricultural activities, could you share whether it is possible to establish a positive relationship between these two industries?
Solar farms in rural areas of Montenegro can be constructed, as outlined in the Regulation on the Construction of Solar Power Plants. In Montenegro, it is strictly prohibited to install ground-mounted solar power plants on land classified as first to fourth-grade agricultural land. This measure, implemented by the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry, and Water Management, protects agricultural land. Consequently, it is impossible to receive approval if the micro-location where the solar plant is planned falls within this classification of land. In Montenegro, solar power plants can only be built on land classified as fifth, sixth, seventh, or eighth-grade, or on infertile areas that are not agricultural land or forests of the first, second, third,
UNTIL NOW, CITIZENS WERE ONLY CONSUMERS. HOWEVER, THE NEW LAW ALLOWS THEM TO ALSO BECOME PRODUCERS OF ELECTRICITY THROUGH PHOTOVOLTAIC SYSTEMS, I.E., SMALL SOLAR POWER PLANTS INSTALLED ON RESIDENTIAL ROOFTOPS.
or fourth category. This classification and policy by the Ministry have indeed established a positive relationship between the two sectors. However, I would emphasize that this decision by the relevant Ministry is highly unfavorable for investors, considering that neighboring countries allow solar power plants to be built on agricultural land. If a solar power plant is constructed on agricultural land or in flat areas, the capital expenditure (CapEx) costs are significantly lower compared to Montenegro. Here, investors must first spend substantial funds to prepare such classified land for construction. For example, significant costs are incurred when drilling holes in such terrain, which is challenging to work with, and investments can be burdened with additional expenses of €150,000 to €200,000 per megawatt peak. This makes projects significantly more expensive than in neighboring countries. Nonetheless, this
situation does not deter investors from proceeding with projects. We can already see that numerous solar power plants around the capital city and other locations are nearing completion. Therefore, a relationship has already been established between these two industries, with both able to coexist without interfering with one another.
Is the business environment in Montenegro conducive to the development of your industry, and where do you see room for improvement?
I do not see any specific incentives for the development of this industry in Montenegro. However, there is certainly room for improvement. With 21 years of experience, I can confidently say that we are considered pioneers in the field of renewable energy in Montenegro. We have truly navigated a challenging path, moving from wind to wires, sun to wires,
and water to wires. I believe all these processes could be significantly accelerated. However, I have noticed that, in recent times, numerous non-governmental organizations and civic initiatives have emerged that oppose every form of economic progress in Montenegro, including advancements in the energy sector. Personally, I am not an advocate for Montenegro importing electricity; rather, I believe the country should be entirely self-sufficient in the energy sector. Decades of experience show me that Montenegro has this potential, whether it is through water, wind, or solar energy in certain locations. In any case, the environment for any investment in Montenegro, especially in the energy sector, is not always properly assessed. Unfortunately, there is little focus on developmental prospects, with more attention given to the potential environmental impact of a project’s implementation. That, of course, is not the goal! Environmental protection is high on the agenda for all of us working in the energy sector. Therefore, we do not share such views, and I firmly believe that the development of electricity production is the future, both for Montenegro and for all countries in the region.
Ivan
CEO
co-owner
In this interview with Ivan Burzanović, CEO of “BB Solar”, we learn how the company built a recognizable reputation in the field of sustainable energy from humble beginnings, how they balance various business activities, and what plans they have for the future. Burzanović discusses the key challenges and successes of the company, as well as his vision for the further development of renewable energy sources in Montenegro.
Mr. Burzanović, BB Solar was founded with a clear “green mission”. How would you describe the company’s journey from its founding to becoming a recognized leader in the field of energy efficiency in Montenegro today? BB Solar has been operating in the Montenegrin market for almost 14 years. It was founded in 2011 with a clear goal of basing its business on the design, equipment supply, and execution of electromechanical works on projects in the field of electricity production from renewable sources, contributing to the growth of renewables in the energy mix. We recognized Montenegro’s favorable climate factors, including 240 sunny days annually, significant wind potential in various areas such as the coast and the northern regions, and available hydropower potential, as an opportunity to focus the company’s future business on building electricity production facilities. These include projects for clients as well as our own facilities that eliminate the use of fossil fuels, ensure security in electricity supply, and improve energy efficiency on both a global and local level.
I can confidently say that BB Solar is a pioneer in the field of energy efficiency, as we were the ones to implement, equip, commission, and maintain the first “green” projects in accordance with contractual obliga-
IVAN BURZANOVIĆ CEO and co-owner of „BB Solar“ LLC
WE RECOGNIZED MONTENEGRO’S FAVORABLE CLIMATE FACTORS, INCLUDING 240 SUNNY DAYS ANNUALLY, SIGNIFICANT WIND POTENTIAL IN VARIOUS AREAS SUCH AS THE COAST AND THE NORTHERN REGIONS, AND AVAILABLE HYDROPOWER POTENTIAL, AS AN OPPORTUNITY TO FOCUS THE COMPANY’S FUTURE BUSINESS ON BUILDING ELECTRICITY PRODUCTION FACILITIES.“
tions. Over time, we expanded our operations into other areas of energy due to the significant market demands in Montenegro, driven by the rapid expansion of numerous commercial, residential, and infrastructure projects. This growth, which peaked over the last 15 years, allowed not only international contractors but also local companies with the necessary technical and personnel capacities to participate in these developments.
Today, after 14 years, our extensive reference list confirms that there is no energy project in the Montenegrin market that we cannot handle with quality or step back from, whether it involves constructing electrical infrastructure for highways, the construction of hydroelectric power plant, or designing and equipping complete energy supply systems owned by Montenegro’s electricity distribution network. We have also been involved in other
complex engineering projects. All the projects we participated in— whether as an investor, main contractor, or subcontractor—were equipped with the latest generation of energy-efficient products that meet all the standards and professional rules governing this field of construction.
Throughout our operations, we have established numerous partnerships with companies from around the world and the region that specialize in the production of various categories of equipment and materials used in the construction of all the aforementioned projects. Five years ago, we decided to enhance our business by adding wholesale activities for electrical equipment. Additionally, two years ago, the company expanded its operations into construction, specifically the development of residential and commercial buildings.
WITH GREAT DEDICATION TO EACH INDIVIDUAL PROJECT, THE QUALITY OF OUR SERVICES AND DELIVERIES, COUPLED WITH OUR RESPONSIBILITY AND ADHERENCE TO AGREED DEADLINES, HAS ENABLED US TO MAINTAIN THIS FAVORABLE BALANCE WITH MINIMAL DEVIATIONS.
Your first solar power plant at the UN Eco Building was a pioneering step in Montenegro. What significance did this project have for positioning BB Solar in the renewable energy market?
Our first solar power plant at the United Nations Eco Building is also the first of its kind in Montenegro. For many years after its completion, this solar power plant remained the only representative project in the country, serving as an excellent motivator for us to grow in the direction we have achieved through persistent, dedicated, and committed work. Of course, the BB Solar team also built dozens of smaller off-grid solar systems in remote and inaccessible locations outside urban areas of Montenegro. These systems enabled residents, whose properties are not connected to the main electricity distribution network, to independently produce electricity for their basic needs. This means that, in pursuing our mission, we did not solely focus on participating in the construction of large energy facilities. By addressing the needs of all target consumer groups, we gained comprehensive insight into the energy market, which opened up numerous new opportunities to expand our offerings.
How does BB Solar balance its primary vision of increasing energy efficiency with its expanded scope of activities in construction and other areas of energy?
We have managed to maintain a balance between all our activities, including the additional services we have introduced, thanks to an established organizational structure within the company based on the principles of expertise, experience, and the knowledge of our staff, as well as constant investment in their development. With great dedication to each individual project, the quality of our services and deliveries, coupled with our responsibility and adherence to
agreed deadlines, has enabled us to maintain this favorable balance with minimal deviations.
As a company working on over 400 projects, how do you ensure a high level of quality, on-time delivery, and client satisfaction across all segments of your business?
Part of the answer can be found in the previous question, but I am happy to reiterate that success in any business or company requires a strong team and a healthy work environment. As the company has developed, most employees have achieved both personal and professional growth, which has contributed to a continuous increase in the quality of fulfilling contractual obligations. Even during numerous crises that have occurred one after another over the past 15 years, the quality for which we are recognized has never been jeopardized, not even due to “force majeure” circumstances. We also maintain a policy of rejuvenating our workforce, providing opportunities for young people to gain professional training and experience in an organized environment, eventually becoming integral members of our team.
Montenegrin market is increasingly recognizing the importance of sustainable development. How do you see Montenegro’s potential for further development of renewable energy systems, and what role will your company play in this process?
Numerous studies conducted over the past few decades have concluded that Montenegro has incredible renewable energy potential that remains underutilized. Fortunately, in recent years, this segment of the energy sector has experienced a revival. After a long period of stagnation in the construction of “green” facilities, we are now seeing renewed investment, both from the state and from European institutions and private companies, which ben-
WE ALSO MAINTAIN A POLICY OF REJUVENATING OUR WORKFORCE, PROVIDING OPPORTUNITIES FOR YOUNG PEOPLE TO GAIN PROFESSIONAL TRAINING AND EXPERIENCE IN AN ORGANIZED ENVIRONMENT, EVENTUALLY BECOMING INTEGRAL MEMBERS OF OUR TEAM.
efits the economy and citizens alike. Public awareness of producing and using self-generated energy from renewable sources has significantly improved in recent years. An increasing number of clients are interested in investing in energy systems, with solar systems being the most in demand.
BB Solar will play an active role in this process through several established channels that we have developed over the years. Despite minimal market demands and administratively and technically restrictive conditions in the past, our team worked diligently to lay a solid foundation for the forthcoming expansion of this energy sector. We have
planned specific investments in constructing our own energy-efficient facilities, offering services to interested clients through “turnkey” and “design and build” systems, participating in public procurement procedures, and engaging in wholesale activities. This includes supplying the necessary equipment from our portfolio of partners, who are renowned manufacturers of systems for solar, hydro, and wind power plants.
Nikola Vukčević, director
Nikola Vukčević is a graduate film and theater director, a full professor teaching Film and TV Direction, and the head of the Film and Media program at the Faculty of Dramatic Arts in Cetinje, University of Montenegro. He worked as the Artistic Director of the City Theater Podgorica for seven seasons and is a Fulbright IVLP program scholar of the U.S. State Department. His previous films include A View from the Eiffel Tower (2005) – ranked as the third mostwatched Serbian minority co-production in the first two decades of the 21st century (according to the Serbian Film Center) – and The Kids from Marx and Engels Street (2014), the first Montenegrin film
to be officially distributed in Croatian cinemas and Montenegro’s 2014 Oscar submission.
Mr. Vukčević, your film “The Tower of Strength” (“Obraz”) is inspired by a true story and motifs from the short story by Montenegrin writer and academic Zuvdija Hodžić. What drew you most to this story, and why did you decide to adapt it for the big screen?
First and foremost, this is a story I grew up with, a sort of myth about Nur Doka – a man of one religion who risked the lives of his own family to save a child of another religion in perilous circumstances. While working on “The Tower of Strength”, what attracted me most to Zuvdija Hodžić’s story
'NIKOLA VUKČEVIĆ, WITH HIS LATEST WORK, MANAGED TO CREATE A SUSPENSE-PACKED GENRE FILM RICH IN FANTASY - AT TIMES HORROR-LIKE - MOTIFS, SUPERLATIVE LANDSCAPE SHOTS AND CHARACTERS THAT WOULD BE A MATCH FOR THE LORD OF THE RINGS'.
BUDER, COTTBUS FILM FESTIVAL, GERMANY
was its profound human dimension. It is not just a tale about an individual but also about society, heritage, and the moral dilemmas that shape us as human beings. This blend of universal themes – honor, family, and responsibility – in the context of Montenegrin tradition and contemporary challenges made the story exceptionally relevant and emotionally powerful. I felt that it contained something that transcends time and place, while also deeply reflecting our mentality and way of life. Hodžić’s prose carries a poetic power but also a raw truth, and I wanted to bring that to the big screen – so that the audience not only watches but feels the weight of the choices the film’s characters face.
I believe that film is a medium capable of deepening the understanding of this story and conveying its message to new generations. For me, this was an opportunity to use art to address themes that are often left unspoken and to give a voice to the everyday heroes whose struggles often go unnoticed. The audience’s reactions at festivals and the critical acclaim suggest that the message resonated, and that understanding fulfills me.
The film “The Tower of Strength” was in development for over eight years. Spanning 36 hours of events, the story confronts universal moral dilemmas. How did you approach directing such a complex narrative, particular-
ly balancing between the human drama and its historical context? For me, the film “The Tower of Strength” was both a challenge and a privilege throughout those eight years – precisely because of its complexity. The story unfolds over just 36 hours, but within that limited timeframe, it captures intricate moral dilemmas and emotional conflicts. As a director, my primary task was to balance the personal drama of the characters with the broader historical context, ensuring that neither overshadowed the other.
The key lay in meticulous preparation, from script development to working with the actors, through filming and dedicated post-production. While developing the script, I collaborated with a team (Ana Vujadinović, Melina Pota, two international script doctors, and my assistant directors Ivica Vidanović and my former student Nemanja Lakić) to ensure that every detail—from dialogue to the visual language—authentically reflected the story. It was crucial for the audience to feel the intensity and tension of the situation while also connecting with the inner world of the characters. These characters are not just products of history; they are people with fears, hopes, and weaknesses.
We achieved this balance by combining powerful, intimate performances with careful use of historical elements and lighting in interiors (masterfully executed by our director of photography, Đorđe
Stojiljković), as well as the selection of outdoor locations filmed at the most beautiful times of day. We adhered to specific markers defining the period in which the story took place, but without letting them take center stage. Instead, the historical context became a backdrop that heightened the dramatic tension.
I was particularly helped by the exceptional actors, whose talent breathed life into these complex characters. Their performances added emotional depth to the story, while the camera captured every nuanced moment—whether in their gazes or in silence, which often speaks louder than words. Ultimately, I believe the most important element was staying true to the universal questions the film poses: What does it mean to be human? How do we bear the weight of our decisions? And how to face one's own morals? These questions transcend historical boundaries and resonate with everyone, including audiences in distant cultures where the film has already been shown.
In just three weeks, the film premiered on three continents at three prestigious festivals: Cottbus in Germany, and two festivals on FIAPF’s A-list: the 45th Cairo International Film Festival and the 55th IFFI GOA Film Festival. What does such international recognition mean to you and Montenegrin cinema?
Being selected for these festivals is both an honor and an exceptional incentive. Premiering at prestigious festivals like Cottbus, Cairo, and GOA places our film art (since I believe we cannot yet speak of a film industry in Montenegro) on the global map, giving us the opportunity to present our work to an international audience. Just as with a series of other films by my colleagues, we are opening doors for each other.
For me personally, these festivals prove that universal stories and emotions can transcend cultural and linguistic barriers. “The Tower of Strength” deals with themes of moral dilemmas, honor, and humanity, which, though deeply rooted in the Montenegrin context, are recognizable worldwide. Seeing how these themes resonate with audiences from diverse cultures is an invaluable experience. For Montenegrin cinema, this is
THE TOWER OF STRENGTH' IS A TIGHT PIECE OF CINEMA THAT EVOKES THE TRADITIONAL GENRES OF A WAR MOVIE AND A WESTERN, WITHOUT EVER OVER-USING THE GENRE APPROACH TO THE DETRIMENT OF THE DRAMA AT THE FILM’S CORE. CINEUROPA
an opportunity to showcase the wealth of talented filmmakers, actors, and professionals we have, even with limited resources. Selections and screenings at such significant festivals pave the way for future projects and confirm that our stories hold value beyond our borders. I hope “The Tower of Strength” inspires young creators in Montenegro and encourages further international collaboration in the art of film.
Numerous international and regional talents participated in the production. How did you manage to assemble such a diverse and high-quality team, and what was your experience working with them?
Bringing together such a diverse and talented team was both a challenge and a process filled with great enthusiasm and mutual trust. When you have a story that carries universal depth and strength, it naturally attracts people eager to contribute to something meaningful. From the very beginning, “The Tower of Strength” was recognized as a project exploring universal themes through a specific and authentic perspective, which drew collaborators from various parts of the region and even Europe.
We had the privilege of working with exceptional professionals from the region and beyond, both in front of and behind the camera, and I believe they all deserve to be mentioned. Montenegrin actors Aleksandar Radulović, Branimir Popović, Ana Vučković, and the legendary Zef Bato Dedivanović (famous for his role as Joksim in Živko’s Đekna), in his final film role, left an indelible mark on the film. The lead role is played by Edon Rizvanolli (Netherlands), while other roles feature Nikola Ristanovski (North Macedonia), Igor Benčina (Serbia), Alban Ukaj (Bosnia and Herzegovina), and Selman Jusufi and Xhejlane Terbunja (Kosovo). The children’s roles were portrayed by Elez Adžović , Vuk Bulajić , Merisa
Adžović , and Hana Pavlović , who were cast after an extensive weeks-long audition process.
The film is inspired by motifs from a real event, which Montenegrin academic Zuvdija Hodžić portrayed in his anthology short story Obraz. It was developed into a screenplay by Ana Vujadinović (Montenegro) and Melina Pota (Serbia), refined through international workshops such as MIDPOINT Int. MNE, AlbScript, and the Balkan Film Market. The film’s visual identity was shaped by director of photography Đorđe Stojiljković (Serbia). The late Stanislav Nikičević (Montenegro) served as the production designer, while the costume design was crafted by Lidija Jovanović (Serbia). The music was composed by Dušan Maksimovski (Croatia),
and the editing was handled by Olga Toni (Slovenia). Visual effects were created by Đuro Mihaljević (Montenegro) and Đorđe Stojiljković (Serbia). Makeup and special effects were led by Nataša Sevčnikar (Slovenia), while sound design and mixing were the work of Igor Vujović (Montenegro) and Dario Domitrović (Croatia). The executive producers were Milorad Radenović (Galileo Production Montenegro) and Jelena Filipović (professor at FDU Cetinje). Co-producers included Nevena Savić and Ivica Vidanović from the Belgrade-based Cinnamon Films, Dario Domitrović from Zagreb’s Embrio, and associate producers Christoph Thoke (Mogador Film, Germany) and Boris Raonić on behalf of RTVCG and its public competition. A significant number of Montenegrin colleagues contributed behind the camera, including Nemanja Lakić, Budimir Bečić, Dejan Vuković, Nikola Čavor, Farah Ademović, Darko Bjelobrković, Majdana Ljuljđuraj, Đoko Jablan, Niko Tripunović, Boris Vuković, Ilija Kaluđerović, Bojana Kojičić, Mila Nenezić, Dunja Sekulović, Nataša Milićević, Mila Čelebić, Milica and Maša Vujadinović,
Balša Dabetić, Strahinja Vuković, and Goran Živković… Working with this team was an inspiring experience. Each member brought their creativity, professionalism, and experience, as well as an openness to collaboration. The energy on set reflected the shared passion for creating something greater than ourselves. This process not only enriched the film but also me personally, as I learned immensely from interacting with individuals from diverse artistic and cultural backgrounds. This film was co-financed through the funds of several public competitions, and it is an honor for me that this film is Montenegrin, Serbian, Croatian, and German. “The Tower of Strength” was created with co-financing support through public competitions starting in 2017, including support from the Ministry of Culture of Montenegro, the Film Centre of Montenegro, the Film Centre of Serbia, the Croatian Audiovisual Centre, Radio and Television of Montenegro, and CEKUM. Notably, in November 2020, the project ranked first in a co-production competition in Serbia, ahead of fifty other entries, securing funding of approximately €60,000. The majority of the film was shot in Bar and along several rivers near Lake Skadar. Before its festival premieres in Cottbus, Cairo, and Goa, OBRAZ was presented at the Industry showcase of the Cannes Film Festival’s Marché du Film
IT IS A GRIPPING HISTORICAL DRAMA RICH IN ELEMENTS OF FANTASY, REFLECTING THE CONFLICT BETWEEN HUMANITY AND BRUTALITY, AS WELL AS BETWEEN COURAGE AND FEAR. YET, UNIVERSAL HUMAN VALUES TRANSCEND THE DEEPEST DIFFERENCES, AND VUKČEVIĆ'S 'THE TOWER OF STRENGTH' TRANSFORMS INTO A STORY OF SACRIFICE AND A PRAYER FOR PEACE IN ITS PROFOUND DEPTH.
POLITIKA, SERBIA
2023, where it held two private screenings, and was then selected and presented in a special selection of films in production (Work in progress International) at the festival in Tallinn – in a group of only five films from around the world.
Culture often faces a lack of support and understanding. As one of Montenegro’s leading directors, how do you assess the current state of culture and the arts in Montenegro? Do you think institutions adequately recognize the importance of investing in the arts, particularly in film? Culture is a resource that must be managed responsibly and seriously. However, what Montenegro lacks is clear and long-term strategic planning in this field, beyond trivial party interests. Culture has immense potential to contribute to social and economic development, but it must be understood as a priority that requires continuous investment and support. While
when there is a clear vision and dedication. In any case, culture in Montenegro deserves greater attention, and the role of institutions should be understood as a responsibility to create conditions for the development of the arts in all their forms.
Considering that you are a professor of Film and TV Directing at the Faculty of Dramatic Arts in Cetinje, how can young talents in Montenegro be motivated to pursue a career in the film industry, and how can they be provided with adequate support? Film as an art form is unique because it’s one of those vocations that people dream about from a very young age. Many young talents who choose to pursue film do so out of passion, driven by an inner need to tell stories, explore, create, and communicate with the world through visuals and sound. Because of this, young people entering this field are, in a way, already highly motivated. There’s no need to push them further because, for them, film is not just a career; it’s a calling, a dream they wish to realize through hard work, education, and creativity.
institutions are often focused on short-term goals and effects, managing culture as a resource must be long-term and sustainable. This requires not only financial investment but also strategic support through education, promotion, and the creation of conditions for the development of creative industries. I believe that film, as the most recognizable and global art form, deserves to be recognized as a key segment of cultural policy. Despite the challenges, I must say that I am pleased with the work of the Film Centre of Montenegro. It has achieved significant results and, with timely support, can become a key institution that fosters the growth of Montenegrin arts, not just cinema. Film is a complex and costly endeavor, and its success requires long-term plans and clear support. Although film in Montenegro is not yet fully recognized as an economic and cultural resource, the Film Centre is undoubtedly demonstrating that significant results can be achieved
As a professor of Film and TV Directing at the Faculty of Dramatic Arts Cetinje, I frequently witness the deep dedication and passion students bring with them. Their choice of this path is never accidental – it’s something ingrained in them, something they have carried and recognized since their early years. Our role as educators is to provide them with the necessary tools, professional knowledge, and practical experience to help them fulfill those big dreams. The support they need goes beyond motivation; it includes quality education, mentoring, and opportunities for real-world creative practice. In Montenegro, while we are still in the developmental stages of the film industry, it’s crucial as a society to recognize the importance of investing in education and opportunities for young filmmakers. This involves creating job opportunities, supporting the formation of production teams, and strengthening institutional support. If we want to motivate young talents, we need to offer them a clear perspective, showing them that their dreams are not just fantasies but achievable goals through proper education, hard work, and perseverance.
From 16th to 22nd November, The Italian Embassy has marked the IX week of Italian cuisine in the world, an annual themed event promoted by the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and International Cooperation of Italy, together with the Italian diplomatic-consular network, which aims to affirm excellence of the Italian agri-food and wine sector abroad.
This year's edition, developed around the theme: "Mediterranean diet and cuisine of our roots: health and tradition", aims to present Italian cuisine with special reference to its traditional roots and the recognized role of the mediterranean diet in protecting health, as part of a healthy, balanced and sustainable way of life.
On the occasion of the IX week of Italian cuisine in the world, the Embassy of Italy in Podgorica organized several events, with the purpose of promoting Italian food culture, both through educational initiatives, with the involvement
of pupils and students, and through tastings, encouraging direct contacts and cooperation between Italian masters and Montenegrin entrepreneurs in the wholesale and retail sector, hospitality industry, confectionary and import of Italian products.
In all events, a great principal place was taken by the Italian gastronomic and wine heritage, which is an integral part of Italian culture, not only in the sense that it is loved and instantly recognizable abroad, but also because, although still relatively less known, "healthy", apropos, as an example of the correct balance of different macronutrients, inherent in the very concept of the Mediterranean diet.
The protagonists of all events were pizza master Luciano Sorbilo, who spoke about the art of pizza in all its formation, and Neapolitan pastry chef Emanuele D'Alterio, who held a series of "master courses" where he presented traditional Neapolitan delicacies.
