[WO4] THEORY
FLOORING SYSTEMS AND HORIZONTAL E L E M E N T S Span and Spacing:
Floor and Framing Systems:
Concrete:
* Concrete - one-way or two-way span
1 part cement 2 parts fine aggregate 4 parts course aggregate 0.4-0.5 part water - Chemical reaction takes place where heat is released, this process is called hydration.
[e-Learning]:
Span: - the distance between two structural supports, either horizontal or vertical
* Steel - heavy gauge steel - light gauge steel framing - Girders = main beams - Joists = secondary beams - sometimes used in conjuc- tion with concrete
- Can be pre-cast (in factory) or in-situ (on site)
- Fluid and shapeless at first, therefore it is able to be manipulated into any shape/mould (“FORMWORK�)
Spacing: - the repeated distance between a series of like or similar elements
* Timber - Bearers = main beam - Joists = secondary beam - span determines spacing
The SPACING of the supporting elements depends on the SPANNING capabilities of the supported elements.
- Props and Bracing used during drying stage - 75% of compressive strength reached after 7 days
[WO4] THEORY
FLOORING SYSTEMS AND HORIZONTAL E L E M E N T S
Concrete Finishes:
- concrete is strong in compression but weak in tension, therefore, steel (strong in tension) is used as reinforcement in the form of mesh or bars
[Key Terms]:
Joist: - horizontal support memebers that run between walls, beams or foundations
[e-Learning]: Beams and Cantilevers: Beam: - a mostly horizontal structural element that carries a load along the length of the beam and transfers these loads to vertical supports.
Steel Decking: - alternative to timber. Has the ability to span longer distances
Bearer: - carries the load from joists across large spans *see joist drawing* Girder: - usually a steel beam that is Cantilever: - created when a structural used as the main horizontal support element is supported at only one end (or (I-shape or Z-shape) the overhanging portions are significant) * can be vertical, horizontal or angled
Spacing: - see first page for definition and illustration
[WO4]
STUDIO
IS THERE A GRID? WHAT SYSTEM IS USED TO IDENTIFY THE GRID LINES?
Numbers run on the vertical FLOORING SYSTEMS Yes. axis (North to South) and letters on the horizontal axis (East to West) AND HORIZONTAL E L E M E N T S WHAT IS THE PURPOSE OF THE LEGEND?
[Construction Documentation] 1. TITLE BLOCK: WHAT INFO IS FOUND?
* * * * *
Title Scale Project Number Drawing Number Architect/Director
WHY IS THIS IMPORTANT?
* Allows drawings to be found easily * Ensures the documents are correct
To explain symbols and abbrevi tions that are present in the drawing.
In order to remove any queries that might be had with aspects of the drawing by giving further explanation of various features.
NEW ASTRO TURF BOUNDARY
WHAT INFO IS ON FLOOR PLAN? * * * * *
Design Materials Construction type Details of construction (systems) Surroundings
PROVIDE AN EXAMPLE OF DIMENSIONS FROM FLOOR PLAN. WHAT UNITS ARE THEY IN? e.g FFL 45.300 units are metres and milimetres
Windows: - Window number tag with room number
W02
2.04
Doors: - Door number tag with room number D02
WHY ARE SOME PARTS OF THE DRAWING ANNOTATED? ILLUSTRATE HOW ANNOTATIONS ARE ASSOCIATED WITH RELEVANT PARTS OF THE DRAWING.
2. DRAWING CONTENT (PLANS):
HOW ARE WINDOWS AND DOORS IDENTIFIED? PROVIDE AN EAMPLE OF EACH. IS THERE A RATIONAL TO THEIR NUMBERING?
2.04
ILLUSTRATE HOW FLOOR LEVELS ARE NOTED ON THE PLAN.
e.g. FFL 47.100
e.g. FFL 46.600
e.g. FFL 46.980
ARE SOME AREAS OF THE DRAWING CLOUDED? WHY? ILLUSTRATE HOW REFERNECES ARE SHOWN ON Yes. I believe that the clouds THE PLAN. WHAT DO THESE REFERENCES MEAN? illustrate existing buildings, or doors in the case of the Pavilion, “Refer to civil and landscape that are to be repaired or re drawings” moved.
* References are needed in order to ensure professionals are dealing with their specified fields (expert opinion)
[WO4]
STUDIO
WHAT TYPES OF LEVELS ARE SHOWN ON THE ELEVATIONS? ILLUSTRATE HOW MANY LEVELS ARE SHOWN.
FLOORING SYSTEMS e.g. RL 51.500 AND HORIZONTAL FFL 44.000 E L E M E N T S Level B, Existing Pavilion, Level [Construction Documentation]
3. DRAWING CONTENT (ELEVATIONS):
IS THERE A GRID? IF SO, HOW/WHERE IS IT SHOWN?
WHAT SORT OF INFORMATION IS SHOWN IN THE ELEVATIONS? HOW DOES IT DIFFER FROM THE INFORMA- TION ON THE PLAN?
It shows the form of the structural elements of the building, and surrounding buildings too, as well as the level of each room in accordance with the natural landscape typography. Materials are also illustrated in some detail in order to get a feel for what the design will look like once constructed.
ARE DIMENSIONS SHOWN? IF SO, COMPARE THEM TO THE PLAN. PROVIDE AN EXAMPLE OF THE DIMENSIONS FOR AN ELEVATION.
No, however, the grid dimensions from the floor plan are translated into the elevations in order to ensure there is a flow between the drawings.
G & Function Parapet
Yes. The grid is illustrated through vertical, dashed lines.
WHAT SORT OF INFORMATION ON THE ELEVATIONS ARE EXPRESSED USING WORDS? ILLUSTRATE HOW THIS IS DONE.
Finer details to do with doors, walls, fencing and roofing.
e.g. ‘NEW DOUBLE GLAZED DOORS TO MATCH EXISTING’
4. DRAWING CONTENT (SECTION): WHAT TYPE OF INFORMATION IS SHOWN IN THE SECTION?
Walls, foundations and flooring along with framing supports (roof and overall structure)
ILLUSTRATE HOW THE SECTION DRAWING DIFFERENTIATES BETWEEN BUILDING ELEMENTS THAT ARE CUT THROUGH AND THOSE THAT ARE SHOWN IN ELEVATION (BEYOND)
Walls or structural elements that have been cut through often have a darker outline. This allows for an easier differentiation between walls and structures in section, and others in elevation.
PROVIDE AN EXAMPLE OF HOW DIFFERENT MATERIALS ARE SHOWN ON THE SECTIONS.
Timber framed floors:
ILLUSTRATE HOW THE DOORS AND WINDOWS ARE IDENTIFIED ON THE ELEVATIONS. Use same door number tag with room FIND WHERE THE SECTION IS LOCATED ON THE number along with detailed illusPLANS. tration. WINDOW
DOOR
e.g.
3 A40-01