[WO6] THEORY SPANNING ENCLOSING Trusses:
Belgian trusses - only inclined members
Flat roofs (pitch is 1-3 degrees)
AND SPACES
[e-Learning]:
Roof Systems:
Concrete
Fink trusses - Belgian trusses with subdiagonals to reduce length of compression members
Flat trusses/space frames
Beams & decking
Joists & decking/Roof sheet
Flat trusses - parallel top & bottom chord
Warren trusses - inclined members forming equilateral triangles Pratt trusses - vertical members are in compression whilst diagonal members are in tension
Bowstring trusses - curved top chord meeting a straight bottom chord
Howe trusses - vertical in tension & diagonal in compression Crescent trusses - top & bottom chords curving
[WO6] THEORY SPANNING ENCLOSING
Introduction to metals:
Ferrous Metals:
* Usually work with ALLOYS which re fer to a mixture of two or more metals * Can be both MALLEABLE and DUCTILE
Wrought * * *
Cast Iron * 19th century into 20th century * Formed when molten liquid is poured into moulds * Acquires compressive strength
AND SPACES Metal Types:
Ferrous Metals - contains IRON
[e-Learning]:
Pitched & sloping roofs (>15 degrees) Rafters
Non-ferrous Metals - does not con tain iron.
Beams & Purlins
Structural Steel * Hot rolled steel * Cold formed steel Alloys - mixture of 2 or more metal * Reinforced bars
Galvanic Series: transfer of ions through contact of metals
Steel Sheeting * Cladding * Roofing Spanning Space:
Trusses
Iron 1000BC Formed when iron is heated & hammered into shape Used commonly today for decorative purposes
* Architecture is about enclosing spaces, it is sculpture otherwise * The materials qualities affect how far it is able to span
Stone: * Beam or slab * Corbel
* Archways not commonly used for stone as the stone needed to be crafted with precision. They also required support whilst in the construction process.
Non-Ferrous Metals: * Aluminium - window frames - door handles - cladding panels
[WO6] STUDIO SPANNING ENCLOSING
* Zinc - cladding (expensive) - used to galvanise steel
AND SPACES
[Comparison of models]: Clocktower Group:
* Copper (conductor of heat & elec) - wires - roofing (green)
My Group (East portion of canopy):
This group was successful in producing a 3D model of their section of the Sport Pavilion. The primary and secondary members of the structure are clearly visible and are placed in the appropriate places.
My group, although not fully completing the model, was able to produce a 3D form that was representative of the canopy. The central flat truss was constructed first, therefore giving the model a strong foundation.
West end of canopy: This group were fairly successful in their model-making, constucting a portion of the building that was to the right scale. The model, however, needed the beams to tie the trusses together and to give it a more understandable form.
[WO6] STUDIO SPANNING ENCLOSING
* Pre-cast concrete - used for everything except slabs - slabs were in-situ with steel rods
AND * Form ply not stick SPACES - doesn to concrete
[A02 Presentations]:
[Key Terms]: Rafter: - “a beam forming the internal framework of a roof” Purlin: - “a horizontal beam along the length of a roof, resting on principles and supporting the common rafters/boards” Cantilever: - “a projecting beam/girder that has only 1 point of support”
Smith Street, Collingwood: * Concrete slab with tension cables - slabs can be thinner, making it possible for an extra floor - still as strong as thick slabs
Duplex Renovation: * Steel & timber - allows for use of red board (com pacted pla sterboard) * Metal stud framing - non-load bearing - holes allow for electrical wires
* “Floating roof” - glass traces around the ceiling
Portal frame: - “a frame whereby two uprights are connected by a third member” Eave: -
“the part of the roof that meets or overhangs the walls”
Soffit: -
underside of an archway, balcony or overhanging member
Top Chord: “principle member of a truss”