ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN FOR VIJAYAWADA

Page 1



Environmental Management Plan for Vijayawada



ENERGY PROFILE OF PETROLEUM PRODUCTS

PETROLEUM PRODUCT CONSUMPTION FROM 2015-2019

PER CAPITA CONSUMPTION COMPARISON – 2020

Y-O-Y petroleum product consumption in Vijayawada (in mn tons) 1.4

1.309

1.167

1.092 0.954

1.08 0.981

0.9

0.387

0.400 0.350

0.300

0.8 0.6

0.450

1.188

1.2 1

Per capita consumption-2020

0.664

0.662

0.645

0.554

0.265

0.250 0.200

0.178

0.150

0.4

0.154

0.100

0.2

0.050

CONSUMPTION OF PETROLEUM PRODUCTS:

0 2014-2015

2015-2016 Petrol

Trends in Consumption of Petroleum products in AP

2016-2017 Diesel

FUEL CONSUMPTION (KT) PETROL

Residential Commercial & Institutional

44.22854914

0.105304212 DIESEL

Commercial &Institutional Municipal sector

44.45182452 0.003280033 KEROSENE

Residential

0.000 India

LPG

SECTOR WISE CONSUMPTION OF PETROLEUM PRODUCTS AS PER THE YEAR 2020 SECTOR

2017-2018

2.955906

CNG

RESERVES FOR CRUDE OIL AND NATURAL GAS: Estimated Reserves of Crude Oil and Natural Gas in AP as on 31.03.2017 and 31.03.2018

Vijawada-2031

BIO- FUELS 40.965 1.75

Commercial & Institutional Source: Solar city plan of Vijayawada, 2021

Vijayawada

• No of petroleum refineries in AP- 2 • Captive capacity of petroleum products in AP is close to 10 mmt which is not sufficient to cater to the demand of the state. • All the petroleum products to Vijayawada city is transported from the refineries of Tatipaka and Vishakapatanam. • The state has to rely on the refineries outside of the state because of the high demand. • As per the petroleum products consumption chart, almost 5% of petroleum product consumption of the state is in Vijayawada. • The per capita consumption of Vijayawada is more compared to the state and national average. • The gas distribution pipelines within the city need to be considered as there is already a direct pipeline from Vizag refinery.

LPG Residential Commercial & Institutional

AP

26.614

INFERENCE • The consumption of petroleum products are more in the transportation sector and residential sector. •. As per the report, the percentage of distribution of the petroleum products compared to the reserves of the state is very less. Source : https://dataportalforcities.org/south-asia/india/state-andhra-pradesh/vijayawada https://mopng.gov.in/en/petroleum-statistics/indian-png-statistics https://dataportalforcities.org/south-asia/india/state-andhra-pradesh/vijayawada

• Andhra Pradesh have a huge production of Sugarcane per annum which cater to the bio fuel production of the state. • As per the state report, currently the state only blends 3% ethanol but will increase to the nationally mandated 5% by the end of the year and 10% within the next two years.

INFERENCE • Bio- fuel is a good alternative to reduce . the consumption of the petroleum products and is more cheap.

Y-O-Y % OF ETHANOL BLEND IN PETROL IN THE STATE OF ANDHRA PRADESH YEAR 2015-2016

% OF ETHANOL BLEND IN PETROL 4.9

2016-2017

1.7

2017-2018

4.4

2018-2019

6.1

2019-2020

3.4

Source : https://mopng.gov.in/en/petroleumstatistics/indian-png-statistics


COMPARISON OF ENERGY CONSUMPTION OF VIJAYAWADA AND SALEM OF YEAR 2020 Comparison of Energy consumption of cities 2000 1500 1000 500 0 Electricity

LPG

Kerosene

Vijayawada

Oil

Bio mass

Coal

Salem

INFERENCE • Salem have used various energy efficient strategies in the past years to reduce the energy consumption of the city. • Community Energy Strategy was on of the main strategy implemented . to reduce the consumption. • Conduct a public participation program that engages the community and communicates the value of energy savings and greenhouse gas reduction community‐wide.

COMMUNITY ENERGY STRATEGY


USAGE OF RENEWABLE SOURCES OF ENERGY

 MAJOR STRATEGY : Net Zero Energy Buildings  As per the study, consideration of the buildings with zero energy consumption of electricity from outer sources should be adopted.  These buildings would be capable of producing its own renewable energy. 2 parameters to be focused• Site energy – total energy consumed by the building • Source energy – any nearby energy organization where the consumer can sell the excess energy or can buy energy when needed. Residential Buildings

PROPOSAL 1 : ENERGY AND GHG EMISSIONS REDUCTION IN RESIDENTIAL AND COMMERCIAL SECTOR MINOR STRATEGY : Electric water Geysers replaced by Solar water heaters at domestic level.  Even if only 20% of households switch to solar water heaters by 2021 and 35% by 2041 for their seasonal hot water needs.

Cost of solar water heater system for one household (1100 LPD)

Rs 20,000/-

Cost LPG Gas / Electricity saved per year (910kWh@2.99 Rs/kWh) assuming Rs 2728/escalation of 5% per year in electricity charges Subsidy @ Rs 1500 per Sqms. area of flat plate collector Rs 1800/The central government, through the Ministry of New and Renewable Energy, provides an interest subsidy at a rate of 2% for domestic users, 3% for industrial users not taking advantage of accelerated depreciation, and 5% for industrial/commercial users. Year

% of switch to solar water geysers

Types of residential

Consumption (KWh) per month

Solar panels Requirement

HIG MIG LIG

443.06 404.64 260.4

3 Panels of 160 KWH 3 Panels of 160 KWH 2 Panels of 160 KWH

Source: Electricity Profile Study for Domestic and Commercial Sectors/ researchgate.net

Commercial Buildings Types of buildings

Consumption (KWh) per month

solar panels Requirement

Hotel restaurant Store/office

979.89 472.44 504.91

7 Panels of 160 KWH 3 Panels of 160 KWH 4 Panels of 160 KWH

workshop

649.59

5 Panels of 160 KWH

Source: Electricity Profile Study for Domestic and Commercial Sectors/ researchgate.net

Energy consumption reduction

GHG reduction reduced (t CO₂ eq)/ Anum 2031 20% 35301812 46682.85556 2041 35% 61778171 81694.99722 ASSUMPTION : Each 4-person home will require a 100-litre-per-day solar water heating system.

Decadal decrease in GHG Emissions 100000 50000

GHG Emissions in Tons

0 2031

2041

INFERENCE If 20% of households of switch to solar water geysers by 2031 and 35% by 2041 then the decadal reduction of GHG Emissions will be 42%.

CLEAN AND GREEN ENERGY

INFERENCE • The implementation and enforcement of ECBC energy conservation techniques and promotion of Net Zero Energy Buildings majorly focusing upon Commercial and Residential sector • A site ZEB produces at least as much energy as it uses in a year, when accounted for at the site.

99


PROPOSAL 2 : PROPOSAL FOR E-VEHICLES IN TRANSPORTATION SECTOR

PROPOSAL 3 : TO MAXIMIZE ENERGY EFFICIENCY AND CONSERVATION AND TO MINIMIZE PEAK DEMAND 

According to the National Electric Mobility Mission and Global Mobility Summit, NITI Aayog on “Zero Emission Vehicles (ZEV’s): Towards a Policy Framework, highlights the proportion of vehicles that is likely to be converted to “Electric vehicles by 2030” based on report ‘India EV Story – Emerging opportunities’, 2018 TYPE OF VEHICLES

% FOR E-VEHICLES

2 WHEELERS

GHG Emissions Before E-Vehicles

GHG Emissions After E-Vehicles

124280696

74568417.57

40

3 WHEELERS

100

5625879.996

1687764

BUSES TAXIS GOODS

100 40 0

10.56744618

7.397212326

129906586.5

76256188.97

TOTAL

• The power consumption of streetlights in Vijayawada is 3656700KWH per Anum and replacing with Solar lights 4837.85 Tones of GHG Emissions will get reduced. • 86 No’s of solar street lights have been provided at various locations in the city until June 2012. Number

kwh/Light

Energy Consumption

GHG Reduced(t CO₂ eq)/ Anum

24378

150

3656700

4837.854185

Source: Retrieved July 02, 2019, from https://www.apspdcl.in/aboutus.html

40

4 WHEELERS

STREET LIGHTS AND TRAFFIC SIGNALS

• VMC have provided solar signalling with wireless system at 3 major junctions and Solar Blinkers at 9 major junctions until August 2011. • Vijayawada Municipal Corporation has proposed to install solar powered Modern traffic signalling system at 45 junctions in the city. Traffic junctions 45

Consumption (kwh) 150

GHG Reduction 6750

Source: Retrieved July 02, 2019, from https://www.apspdcl.in/aboutus.html

Source : ‘ India EV Story – Emerging opportunities’, 2018

INFERENCE

CHANGE IN GHG EMISSIONS 150000000 100000000 50000000 0 GHG Emissions before EVehicles

GHG Emissions after E vehicles

CHARGER TYPE

SC

FC

4Ws 1 SC - each 3 EVs 1 FC - each 10EVs

2286

686

3Ws 1 SC - each 2 EVs

4200

-

2Ws 1 SC - each 2 EVs

97846

-

PV (Buses) 1 FC - each 10 EVs TOTAL

36 104332

722

• As the fuel consumption is high, the proposal of E-Vehicles can bring 58% of reduction in GHG Emissions.

INFERENCE • Deploy electric vehicle charging infrastructure throughout the City. And provide preferred parking for EV vehicles at public places. • Explore policies that can accelerate adoption of alternative fuels in the transportation sector. • Increase consumer and fleet owner awareness and acceptance of electric vehicles.

Source : : Amendments in Model Building Bye-Laws (MBBL - 2016) for Electric Vehicle Charging Infrastructure & Offices of state transport commission/ UT Administratives

Major Junctions in VMC

CLEAN AND GREEN ENERGY

100


STRATEGY : TO GENERATE RENEWABLE ENERGY AND TO REDUCE GHG EMISSIONS IN ENERGY SECTOR  Installing solar panels on public and semipublic buildings, which will generate electricity for the institution and may be exported to the grid during off-peak times.  It has been observed that the Public, semi public and Public utilities sectors cover3.2 km2 area in the city out of total area of 62 km2. SOLAR PANELS Roof top area km2 3.282741725

Energy generated Energy generated GHG Emissions reduced (t CO₂ eq)/ kwh annually / Panel mwh annually Anum 160

525.2386759

528.5214177

SOLAR POWER PLANT

• Measures taken are solar panel and after considering the P&SP Buildings roof area an additional 60 acre of solar farm is required to meet the target of 15% Electricity Generation through Solar power. Five year plan in different phases for the generation of solar energy till 2041 STAGE 1

STAGE 2

STAGE 3

STAGE 4

2021-2025

2026-2030

2031-2035

2036-2041

• 400 MW

• 600 MW

• 400MW

• 600 MW

Source: Solar City Plan of Vijayawada, 2021

GENERATION OF ELECTRICITY THROUGH SOLAR POWER PLANT

Image source: WRI Report on Bengaluru solar roof top

CATEGORY

GENERATED ENERGY BY 2041

IN PERCENTAGE

Rooftop solar panels (Public & semi public)

60 MW

1.1%

Solar power plant

2000 MW

30%

REDUCTION OF GREEN HOUSE GASSES CATEGORY

GHG by 2041

% of GHG

Solar Panels in P & SP

347448

36.02

Solar Water Heaters

81695

8.47

Solar Power Plant

63505

6.58

Street Lights

4838

0.50

Traffic Signals

9

0.00

Total GHG

497495

2017 GHG

964655

51.7228358

Reduction of GHG in % by 2041 is 51.57%

Footprint Map of Public and Semi Public Buildings • Roof top solar PV based grid connected system may be well quite feasible in the city. • It has been observed that the, Government buildings, markets etc. have very large roof areas which are not being used. • The grid connected solar PV systems of 100 to 500 kW capacities are technically feasible in commercial buildings. • Also 25-50 kW capacity systems might be feasible in residential sector.

 IMPACT ON URBAN CLIMATE • As these are renewable energy and are clean, it will avoid burning of fossil fuels which causes smoke and emission of GHGs. • As the GHG level decreases the heat effect on the urban climate will also decrease which is a major concern in Vijayawada. • The clean and green energy adoption will reduce the pollution also. • All these collectively put a huge impact on overall urban climate change.

CLEAN AND GREEN ENERGY

101


CLEAN AND GREEN ENERGY

102 00


PROPOSALS • In all those agricultural lands Agroforestry could be done. • We can do ultimate utilization of agricultural land by adopting agroforestry where we can plant woody perennials with agricultural crops. • The fruits and nut plants will also help farmers to gain more profit. • Benefits of agroforestry - These plants will partially provide shades to the crop plants and can save them from scorching heat, prevents soil erosion. • Helps in maintaining the cycles such as carbon and nitrogen cycle. • Conserves energy • Increases the fertility of soil.  Successful case studies are found in the states of Punjab, Odisha, Kerala, Tamil Nadu etc.

POTENTIAL AREAS DEVELOPMENT: • As per dynamic potential map, very few chunks of land inside the city boundary are having potential to lower the heat island effect. • These areas are mostly agricultural and vacant lands as per the land-use map. • We have a scope to develop in vacant land and plan in a way so that it will help in reduce the heat. • Dense plantation of trees with large canopy will help to reduce the heat by providing shade, cool and clean air. These areas are also having built-up and residential land-use in adjacent areas. Hence planting trees will provide them individual comfort and also city level to reduce the effect of UHI.

MITIGATION MEASURES: • Sufficient mitigation measures are found for the citizens residing in the city. But we need to also focus on the tourists and their health. • People coming from outside are generally unaware of the climatic condition of the city. • Announcements, pamphlets, large hoardings etc should be done near bus stands, railway station and airport to make them aware of the heat impact. • Free Energy drinks and cold drinks should be provided to tourists in all tourist places. • Providing first aid camps in tourist places during summer season for immediate treatment and save them from deaths.

HOUSING STATERGIES IN VULNERABLE AREAS: O pod housing

ALTERNATIVE TECHNIQUE – O pod housing: • These are low cost housing techniques which can be provided to people living in vulnerable areas by govt. • This is a successful case study in Telengana. • These houses can lower the risk of catching fire in summer season due to rise in heat. ALTERNATE MATERIALS:

i.

Corrugated bamboo roofing material• Keeps the room cool • Low inflammable • Environment friendly ii. • • • • • •

CLEAN AND GREEN ENERGY

EPS roof– Low theral conductivity Cost effective Fireproof Light in weight Repels water Prevents humidity

Corrugated bamboo roofs

EPS Roofs

103


CLEAN AND GREEN ENERGY

104 00


INFERENCES Description Heat mitigation measures

Alternate housing materials in vulnerable areas (EPS Panels) Alternate model low-cost house (o-pod houses)

Scale

Period

City

Long term

Effective

Local governments

-

-

-

-

Medium term

Very effective

Individuals, Local governments

40-80 rs/sqm

70%

3-5°F

30-40% per year

Long term

Moderately effective

Local governments

2.5 lakhs/unit

50-60°F

5-8°F

30% per year

Very effective

Individuals, Private institutions, Local governments

50-60 rs/sqft

30-40°F

5°F

20% per year

Very effective

Individuals, Private institutions, Local governments

70-80 rs/sqft

50-60°F

5°F

10-15% per year

Very effective

Individuals, Private institutions, Local governments

12 rs/sqft

50-60°F

5°F

5-20% per year

Houses vulnerable to fire

Green roofs

Building

Cool roofs

Building

Reflective walls

Short term to medium term

Short term

Cost

Energy Reduction (Overall)

Degree of Effect

Wards to city

Administered by

Heat Reduction (Material)

Decrease in Temperature (Overall)

Building

Short term

Reflective pavements

Wards to city

Medium term

Effective

Local governments

45-65 rs/sqft

30°F

3°F

10-20% per year

Permeable pavements

Wards to city

Medium term

Effective

Local governments

30-40 rs/sqft

25°F

2-4°F

20-30% per year

Greening of streets

Wards to city

Medium term

Effective

Local governments

-

35%

5-9°F

25% per year

IMPLEMENTATION STRATEGIES GREENING OF PUBLIC SPACE • Applying more green cover in public spaces is relatively cheap and easily accepted by citizen. • Even though greening of public spaces is the responsibility of municipality, public participation is required to make it more effective. • Policy should be made for people to plant trees in the backyard of their house, terrace etc. • Institutions should be advised to have more green cover in their empty lands and properly maintain them. • Private institutions also should be instructed to increase the density of green cover

INCREASING THE BLUE INFRASTRUCTURE • Policy guidelines to include effective rain water management. • Promoting the use of permeable pavements in public places. This would help in recharging ground water level and may help in reducing heat effect. • Less constructed areas in parks and recreational areas and more blue and green areas.

BUILT-FORM AND BUILDING MATERIALS

HEALTH-CARE FACILITIES

• The buildings which are already constructed could not be changed but the future buildings should follow the green building guidelines strictly. • The already constructed buildings should use materials to reduce heat effect and this should be implemented strictly. • Should directed to install cool roofs in every possible house.

• VMC should look after providing more efficient medical facilities in summer season. • Policy for mandatory fast aid services in tourist places. • Provision of cold drinking water facilities in every road side and major and minor squares.

CLEAN AND GREEN ENERGY

105


Turn static files into dynamic content formats.

Create a flipbook
Issuu converts static files into: digital portfolios, online yearbooks, online catalogs, digital photo albums and more. Sign up and create your flipbook.