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2014 Spring Home and Garden Inside
Spring: The time to prepare, repair ..... 5 Get rid of pests .................................. 17 Lawn mower tune ups ......................... 6 Eco-friendly lawn care ....................... 18 Garage organization........................... 6 Living organic ...................................... 7
Lighting sets the stage ...................... 18 Gardening myths ............................... 19
Spring home projects .......................... 8 Friendly home cleaning ....................... 9 Enhance curb appeal ........................ 13
Get kids gardening............................ 20 Keep the cat out ................................ 20
Animals that help ............................... 14 Start your garden right ...................... 21 Bring grass back to life ..................... 16 The right watering.............................. 22
Animals that can help in the garden P. 14
Set the stage with lighting P. 18
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Springtime is a great time to repair winter damage and prepare for summer!
Anthony DeFranco, PE Consulting Engineer N.Y.S. PROFESSIONAL ENGINEER
any pollutants or nutrients out before it enters the lake. Putting harsh chemicals that are toxic to people and pets is not be the best solution for lawns. Cut the grass at a higher length and mulch the clippings into the lawn. Talk to a local garden center about organic solutions and avoid the large box topÕ s aisle with chemicals to solve lawn problems. Remember weeds are plants that are just growing in the wrong place. Our landscapes need to mimic nature. Avoid creating sterile landscapes. DonÕ t be so quick to eliminate bugs in the landscape. Insects are great pollinators. Remember to plant more native plants that attract insects, birds, butterflies and bees and youÕ ll have more flowers! Some insects such as lady bugs and praying mantis will even devour other insects. Plant a vegetable garden if you donÕ t already have one. When planting a garden, you have the luxury of knowing where your vegetables came from and what was put on them. Even a 200-square foot garden can provide plenty of vegetables for a small family. Give careful consideration to where the garden is sited. Most vegetable gardens require 8-hours of sunlight and plenty of water. If the soil conditions are not conducive to gardening, consider using raised bed planters. Make sure that you do not use pressure-treated timbers as edgers for the garden due to the chemicals in the lumber. Bring the excess vegetables to work and make someoneÕ s day. Memorial Day is usually the recommended start date for planting vegetables in this region, but be prepared to protect them if planting in higher elevations. There is always something that needs to be done when you own a home, but if you do some preventive maintenance in the spring and take a long-term approach to your decisions, you will have more time to enjoy the short summer season in the Adirondacks and less time worrying about what next winter is going to bring. Anthony DeFranco, CNLP works for DeFranco Landscaping, Inc. located in Hague, NY on Lake George, where his family’s firm has been providing property management for over 30-years. They have expertise in stormwater management, erosion control, shoreline buffers and rain gardens. DeFranco Landscaping was the recipient of the 2010 Frank Leonbruno Memorial Lake Stewardship Award from the Lake George Watershed Coalition for use of native plants in their landscape design.
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his winter has been exceptionally long and hard on our properties in the northeast. The cold temperatures provided for a deep frost that froze-ups many septic and sanitary lines. Many times a little bit of preparation in the fall can help prevent some of the winter Õ s harsh blows. Homeowners should take note of any damage as spring approaches. Take pictures, they serve as helpful reminders of what needs to be done to help prevent the same problem from occurring the following winter season. A little bit of maintenance can help protect your property for the entire season. Clean out the leaves and debris from drainage swales and ditches. Make sure that they get cleaned again in the late fall; this will prevent them from clogging in the early spring thaw. Clean out stormwater measures annually so that the device functions correctly during rain events. Look for wash-outs and sediment build-up that could affect the operation of the device. Dead and leaning trees near dwellings and critical infrastructure such as generators, power lines and garages should be removed. Always call a tree expert when working near power lines. Trim back limbs that overhang roofs and prune back shrubs that touch the exterior of buildings which can invite insects and other pests into your home. When outside doing yard work, check yourself for ticks. They are becoming increasing prevalent around the Adirondacks. Inspect your landscaping for deer and rodent damage. If you didnÕ t protect those plants and shrubs in the fall and the deer ate them, consider replanting with native plants. They require less maintenance and in most situations the deer will leave them alone and will be looking for the non-native varieties. We find that the deer in various locations of the Adirondacks seem to have different tastes for plants. Certain plants and shrubs seem to attract the deer more than others. Keep track of what is being eaten on your property and provide that list to your caretaker or landscaper. Most local landscapers should already know the list of usual suspects. Plant something different. With the recent snow melt and heavy rainfall, lakes and rivers are at high water levels or even flood stage. If your property is located on a river or lake, check the dock or shoreline for ice damage. ItÕ s also a good time to check basements and crawl spaces to see if there is any groundwater seeping in from the outside. The water alone can cause plenty of problems and if left unattended, the moisture can lead to mold problems inside the house which can be expensive to remediate. ItÕ s not a bad idea to inspect the septic system during the spring and summer months when the ground is saturated. If you do not know where your septic tank, your septic tank pumper could probably help find it. Keep an as-built record of the septic tank location along with the leach field. If you are not familiar with how septic systems work, the septic tank is filled with bacteria (living organisms) that breaks down the sewage.
There are a few things that can help with keeping septic systems operating at optimum performance and prevent systems from having to be replaced: 1. Do not flush sanitary wipes down the toilet; 2. Do not overload the system with excessive flows that it was not designed for; 3. Never put oil, grease or fats down the drain; 4. Do not flush cigarettes, tea bags, sanitary napkins, tampons, diapers or other non-biodegradable products that are capable of blocking pipes or filters down the toilet; 5. Do not plant anything in the leach field. The grass area helps with transpiration. Keep trees away from the leach field; 6. Do not drive over the leach field or septic tanks; 7. If renting the property out, leave a guideline of what is expected of the tenants when they are using the water and provide information on how a septic system works. Many people that live on sewers do not understand the complexities of using a septic system. 8. Pump out septic tanks every 3 to 4-years; 9. Have septic hauler inspect the integrity of the septic tank and make sure that if there is a pump station that it is functioning correctly. It bears repeating; do not flush sanitary wipes down the toilet whether on a septic system or a public sanitary sewer. The sanitary wipes can also bind up the sanitary sewer pumpÕ s impellers. Property owners need to be aware that a roadside ditch or drainage swale along their property can convey pollutants from your property such as fertilizer, oils from the vehicles in the driveway into the nearby lakes and streams. Studies have shown that • -inch to 1 • -inch rain events, called water quality events, can cause more damage by carrying off pollutants from impervious asphalt driveways and lawn areas. Summer residents need to be aware that some lakes, like Lake George actually have no-phosphate fertilizers regulations for lawns. Americans love their lawns. Lawns provide a place for family recreation. Many people will not live without them, but we need to consider our impacts on the environment. Consider reducing the size of your lawn area. It will reduce the amount of time you mow and provide more time to enjoy summer. Allow the fringe areas to be mowed once or twice a season or remove some of the lawn and replace it with plantings. Consider planting plants on lawn areas that are prone to wash-outs or shady areas where grass will not grow. Planting a buffer in front of the lawn by the lake will also help filter
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6 - Spring Home & Garden
May 10, 2014
Lawn Mower Tune-ups Are A Wise Investment (NAPS)Ñ Investing 30 minutes on a spring tune-up for your lawn mower can pay dividends for years to come. Those who donÕ t perform this important basic maintenance before the weather turns warmer often end up putting their equipment at risk. The good news is that the engine experts at Briggs & Stratton are making it easier than ever before to get your lawn mower ready for springÑ from tune-up kits to oil evacuation kits to a free oil recycling solution, you can keep your lawn mower running smoothly. An engine tune-up for your push mower takes only 30 minutes or less. Riding mower engines may require an oil filter or fuel filter, which could add five to 10 minutes to the job.
A Spring Tune-up Is Key
Ò Homeowners simply want their lawn mower to start when they need it for that first cut of spring and a simple tune-up can make the difference between a hassle-free start and frustrating trips for service,Ó said Synoilva Shaw with the Briggs & Stratton Engine Marketing department. Ò While the source of most starting problems is old gasolineÑ which goes stale in about 30 daysÑ a tune-up can help extend the life of the mower engine and keep it running at peak performance.Ó
Prepping A Push Mower
A tune-up for a push mower engine can reduce engine emissions by as much as 30 percent and involves just four easy steps: 1. Changing the mower oil 2. Replacing the air filter 3. Replacing the spark plug 4. Adding fuel preservative to the gasoline. Step-by-step video instructions are available online at www.briggsandstratton.com.
Tune-up Kits
A basic push mower engine tune-up kit costs under $12.99 and includes an air filter, spark plug, bottle of oil and a pouch of fuel treatment and stabilizer. A tractor tune-up kit costs under $32.99 and includes the same as a push mower kit with the addition of a fuel and/or oil filter. The kits are available online at the companyÕ s website or at authorized dealers and home improvement stores.
Oil Evacuation Kits
Two options are available for oil evacuation kitsÑ one that removes oil only and another that removes both oil and fuel. These kits help eliminate the need for consumers to tip the mower to drain the oil during a tune-up, making it easier to change the oil and reducing the possibility of an oil spill in the garage or driveway.
Oil evacuation kits cost between $23 and $31 and are available online at www. briggsand stratton.com or at authorized dealers and home improvement stores.
Disposing Of Used Oil
Participating Briggs & Stratton dealers nationwide make recycling oil easy and have recycled more than 200,000 gallons of used engine oil to date. Simply drop off your used oil in a closed container and let your dealer take care of the rest.
Look Before You Pump
Certain gasoline blends should never be used in lawn mower engines and other small gas engines. Fuel blends containing more than 10 percent ethanol, like E15 or E85 gasoline, or gasoline containing other alcohol blends can damage small gas engines. Repairs required because of the use of these unapproved gasoline blends are not covered under the manufacturerÕ s engine warranty. Look for the Ò Look Before You PumpÓ warning logo on new models or find more information from the Outdoor Power Equipment Institute at www.opei. org. Giving your lawn mower a tune- up each spring can help extend the life of its engine and keep it running at peak performance longer.
Making a plan for garage organization S
pring cleaning plans are on the minds of many once the weather warms up. Many homeowners feel a sense of renewal in the spring, when the desire to clean house and get organized becomes a priority. Garages are often targets for homeowners hoping to target clutter. Once a space reserved for cars, garages are no longer strictly for vehicles, used instead to store items that simply do not fit inside the home or a backyard shed. Organizing the garage is typically a weekend or several-
day project. HereÕ s how to turn a garage from a cluttered mess into a space suited for storing items of all shapes and sizes. * Enlist a helper. Organizing a garage is a significant undertaking that is best tackled with two or more people. Enlist a helper to make the project less intimidating. * Decide what is important to keep. Start the organization process by clearing out the garage and taking inventory of what you have. Items that have not been used for several years can likely be tossed. Make a pile
of what will be kept and then put the rest at the curb or donate useful items to charity. * Give thought to where you want to store particular items. Tools and items that are used more often should be stored within reach or where easily visible, while items that are not used as frequently can be stored higher up. Think about how you operate in the garage. Recycling bins can be stored closer to the door into the home, while bicycles and skates can be nearer to the garage door for easy access. •Group like items together.
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Categorize items that will be kept. Garden tools, camping gear, sporting equipment, and automotive supplies should be categorized and stored in their own areas of the garage, determining if certain items can be stored inside the home to free up garage space. Grouping items together will make them easier to locate in the garage. •Move boxed items into clear storage containers. ItÕ s much easier to see what you have when it is stored in clear containers. Some containers are interlocking or stackable, making it much more convenient to store items vertically and free up more floor space. •Invest in vertical storage systems. Moving items from the floor and putting them on shelving or behind cabinets can make the garage more organized. Hooks and bins also can be used. Employ a peg board full of hooks for oft-used tools or other items you need at the ready. •Leave space for hobby and work areas. Garages are where many improvement projects begin or where hobbies, such as woodworking or crafting, take place. Leave space for these tasks and hobbies. •Give the space a fresh coat of paint. Some garages are dingy and dark. Bright paint on the walls and floor can open up the space and, when combined with more lighting, can make it lighter and brighter. Garage organization is a common spring cleaning project. But it shouldnÕ t be reserved for this season alone. Periodic checks of the garage and straightening up can keep a garage clean and organized throughout the entire year and make yearly spring cleaning much more manageable.
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Spring Home & Garden - 7
Simple Tips To Live An Organic Lifestyle (NAPS)Ñ While the word Ò organicÓ typically demonstrates the commitment to an environmentally sound growing method for farmers, thereÕ s an increased interest in finding ways to live organically beyond just food choices. ItÕ s driven by the growing desire to make wise choices for the planet. Living an organic lifestyle not only offers something to people of all ages, it can be achieved in the kitchen, garden or even during an outdoor activity. Here are a few simple tips to start living an organic lifestyle: 1. Take small stepsÑ Take the first step with your staple shopping ingredients. Consider replacing conventional products one by one with organic alternatives. Make foods like fruits, vegetables, milk and meat your first priority. 2. Grow an organic gardenÑ Why not grow your own organic vegetables and herbs? Plants like tomatoes, peppers, onions, potatoes and cucumbers are easy to grow and can be easily maintained on a rooftop or patio garden. Plus, itÕ s a great way to teach kids where food comes from and how it grows. 3. Read the labelsÑ Look for products with the Ò Certified USDA OrganicÓ seal and read labels carefully to check out the main ingredients and any additives that may be included. The first ingredients listed should be
common names and easy to pronounce. 4. Pack an organic lunchboxÑ Send your kids off to school each morning with a delicious, organic lunch. For example, Santa Cruz Organic¨ Peanut Butters and Fruit Spreads offer a variety of options and flavors to keep kids excited at lunchtime. To help round it out, the companyÕ s Fruit Sauces are a tasty, organic treat, with each 4-ounce sauce cup providing 100 percent of the Reference Daily Intake (RDI) of vitamin C. As a pioneer organic brand born in the Santa Cruz Mountains, Santa Cruz Organic is committed to providing delicious organic foods. Its offerings include more than 60 products ranging from fruit juices to peanut butter. All Santa Cruz Organic products are Certified USDA Organic and never contain artificial flavors. To learn more, visit www. santacruzorganic.com. Living an organic lifestyle can be easier to achieve than many people realize.
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8 - Spring Home & Garden
Home projects that are perfect for springtime
he rejuvenating spirit of spring makes this beloved season an ideal time for homeowners to take stock of their homes and properties and address any issues that arose during the winter. While some homes make it through winter unscathed, the harsh weather of the yearÕ s coldest season can add several tasks to homeownersÕ springtime to-do lists. While some projects are best left to the professionals, others can be tackled even by those homeowners with little or no DIY experience. The following are a handful of projects tailor-made for spring.
Inspect the gutters
Gutters tend to bear the brunt of harsh winter weather, and come spring gutters are in need of inspection if not repair. Winter winds, snow and heavy rainfall can compromise the effectiveness of gutters, which can easily accumulate debris and detach from homes during winter storms. In addition, gutters sometimes develop leaks over the winter months. As a result, homeowners should conduct
a careful inspection of their gutters come the spring, being sure to look for leaks while clearing the gutters of debris and reattaching gutters that might have become detached from the home on windy winter days and nights. When reattaching loose gutters, make sure the downspouts are draining away from the foundation, as gutters that are not draining properly can cause damage to that foundation and possibly lead to flooding.
Take stock of roof shingles
Much like its gutters and downspouts, a homeÕ s roof can suffer significant damage over the course of a typical winter. Shingles may be lost to harsh winter winds and storms, so homeowners should examine the roof to determine if any shingles were lost (lost shingles might even be lying around the property) or suffered damage thatÕ s considerable enough to require replacement. Summer can be especially brutal on shingles, especially those
that suffered significant damage during the winter. If left unchecked or unaddressed, problems with damaged shingles can quickly escalate into larger issues when spring rains and summer sun inevitably arrive, so homeowners should prioritize fixing or replacing damaged shingles as quickly as possible.
ing grounds for insects, including mosquitoes, when the weather warms up. When low spots are detected, fill them in with compacted soil. Compacted soil can prevent spring
rains from flooding a yard or damaging a homeÕ s foundation. Assessing potential property damage is a rite of passage for homeowners in the
spring. Though some damage is significant, oftentimes even novice DIYers can work their homes and properties back into shape in time to enjoy spring and summer.
Check for freeze damage
Frozen temperatures can be hard on humans and homes alike, but unlike humans who can stay inside when temperatures dip below freezing, homes are forced to withstand the elements throughout the winter. External hose faucets are often susceptible to freeze damage. To inspect such faucets, turn the water on and then place a thumb or finger over the opening of the faucet. If your thumb or finger can completely stop the flow of water, the pipe where the water is coming from is likely damaged and will need to be replaced.
Examine the lawn for low spots
Once a lawn has thawed out, homeowners can patrol their properties looking for low spots in the yard or even low spots within spitting distance of the homeÕ s foundation. Such spots increase the likelihood of flooding. Flooding near a homeÕ s foundation increases the risk of potentially costly damage, while low spots on the lawn that go ignored can make great breed-
Each spring, homeowners should inspect their gutters to ensure the gutters are still attached to their homes and free of debris.
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Spring Home & Garden - 9
Tackle spring cleaning with the environment in mind S
pring is a time of year when many people resolve to give their homes or apartments a thorough cleaning. Spring cleaning projects help people revitalize their homes for the warm months ahead, when windows are once again opened, fresh air pervades homes and items that might have accumulated over a dark and dreary winter have become a distant memory. Many families have spring cleaning rituals that allow them to efficiently clean their homes in a single weekend. But itÕ s just as important for spring cleaners to place as great an emphasis on the environment as they do on efficiency when cleaning a home. Eco-friendly spring cleaning practices produce less waste and rely on less chemicals to rejuvenate a home and get it ready for those seasons when huddling inside under the covers takes a backseat to lounging around the house as fresh air washes into the home. The following are a handful of ways to efficiently clean a home while also protecting the environment.
•Clear out the clutter. Clutter is an enemy to homeowners and the environment alike. ThatÕ s because addressing clutter is often an inefficient process in which homeowners methodically go through items that have accumulated over the years, individually choosing which items to keep and which items to discard. Clutter can also prove harmful to the environment because rooms filled with clutter tend to collect dust, reducing air quality and leading to more indoor air pollution that can prove harmful to human health. When sifting through clutter in a home, discard those items that have gone ignored for years, as they likely have little or no financial value and itÕ s safe to assume they serve no practical purpose as well. Once clutter has been cleared out, prevent more of it from accumulating by making a conscious effort to discard items once they no longer serve any practical purpose. This includes old newspapers and magazines, as well as any other items that are likely to sit in a pile or on a shelf for months on end. Preventing the buildup of clutter reduces the amount of time you need to spend spring cleaning next year while also improving indoor air quality. •Use cleaners only when windows are open. Many people get a head start on spring cleaning in late winter, when the weather might have started to warm up but has not yet warmed to the point when windows throughout the home can be opened. Though thereÕ s nothing wrong with starting early, avoid using cleaning products on days when you canÕ t open the windows. Many cleaning products contain ample or even just trace amounts of chemicals that can compromise indoor air quality and may exacerbate existing medical conditions like respiratory ailments. When using cleaning products, try to do so only when the windows are open and fresh air can enter the home.
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•Ensure appliances are working at peak efficiency. Spring cleaning is a great time to inspect appliances to make sure they are operating efficiently. Clean or replace filters on window air conditioning units. Dusty or dirty filters will force the air conditioner to work harder and use more energy to cool a room. In addition, dirty or dusty filters make units less efficient, which means rooms won’t cool as quickly on those scorching summer afternoons. Appliances forced to work harder also cost more money, and those costs can be considerable. When checking appliances, be sure to check the refrigerator as well. Refrigerators are plugged in all day long, and those that are not operating at peak efficiency can cost you a lot of money in the long run. Periodically clean the coils on the back of your refrigerator so it can operate more efficiently, saving energy and money.
10 - Spring Home & Garden
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CHAMPLAIN VALLEY EQUIPMENT 72 KUBOTA DR MONTPELLIER,VT 05602
Offers good on new and unregistered units purchased between 3/1/14-4/30/14. *On select models. See your dealer for details. Rates as low as 2.99% for 36 months. Approval, and any rates and terms provided, are based on credit worthiness. Fixed APR of 2.99%, 6.99%, or 9.99% will be assigned based on credit approval criteria. Other financing offers are available. See your local dealer for details. Minimum Amount Financed $1,500; Maximum Amount Financed $50,000. Other qualifications and restrictions may apply. Financing promotions void where prohibited. Offer effective on all new and unused 2008-2014 Polaris ATV, RANGER, and RZR models purchased from a participating Polaris dealer between 3/1/2014 and 4/30/2014. Offer subject to change without notice. Warning: The Polaris RANGER® and RZR® are not intended for on-road use. Driver must be at least 16 years old with a valid driver's license to operate. Passengers must be at least 12 years old and tall enough to grasp the hand holds and plant feet firmly on the floor. All SxS drivers should take a safety training course. Contact ROHVA at www.rohva.org or (949) 255-2560 for additional information. Drivers and passengers should always wear helmets, eye protection, protective clothing, and seat belts. Always use cab nets or doors (as equipped). Be particularly careful on difficult terrain. Never drive on public roads or paved surfaces. Never engage in stunt driving, and avoid excessive speeds and sharp turns. Riding and alcohol/drugs don't mix. Check local laws before riding on trails. ATVs can be hazardous to operate. Polaris adult models are for riders 16 and older. For your safety, always wear a helmet, eye protection and protective clothing, and be sure to take a safety training course. For safety and training information in the U.S., call the SVIA at (800) 887-2887. You may also contact your Polaris dealer or call Polaris at (800) 342-3764. ©2014 Polaris Industries Inc.
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Nine ways to improve property’s curb appeal
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omeowners who want their homes to make strong first impressions must prioritize curb appeal. Homes with strong curb appeal sell well and can impart a welcoming feel to all visitors. Improving curb appeal need not be expensive, and the following are a handful of ways to improve the appearance of your home.
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2. Edge the driveway to create a distinct border between the driveway and the lawn or other landscaping features. This helps homes appear neat and well kept. 3. Use outdoor lighting to make a home more inviting. Outdoor lighting also makes properties safer to traverse at night.
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4. Clean a homeÕ s exterior to remove mildew or discolorations from the siding, driveway, patio, and other outdoor elements. 5. Improve landscapes with fresh plants and seasonal color. Homeowners without the time to plant can consider container gardens, which donÕ t take much time to assemble but still add appeal to a homeÕ s exterior.
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14 - Spring Home & Garden
P
These animals may help your garden
lanning and maintaining a garden requires a lot of effort, which can result in an aesthetically pleasing addition to the landscape. But that hard work can also fall victim to nature when local wildlife find a garden too mouth-watering to resist. In an effort to rid a garden of unwanted pests, gardeners may unwittingly scare away animals and insects that might just protect the garden from more ill-intentioned animals. Not every creature that scurries is out to get prized petunias or to devour tomatoes. In fact, many can prove beneficial to gardens.
Bats
May 10, 2014
Bats have a bad reputation, as people unnecessarily fear bats because they believe them to be carriers of disease. But many
bats feed off of insects or fruits and will not harm a human. The average brown bat can eat 1,000 mosquitoes in an hour, so itÕ s easy to see why bats are good to have around. Mosquitoes are not only a nuisance but also harbor potentially dangerous diseases. Bats also may eat certain rodents, which can cut down on the number of animals burrowing in a yard.
Frogs
Frogs and toads will prey on insects and make the local insect population more manageable. Toads eat mainly slugs, who feed on the leaves and fruits of many plants. Frogs and toads are attracted to water, so including a pond or another water feature in the garden will provide them with a habitat they like.
Birds
While it is true that some birds can damage crops, many birds are content to feed on insects attracted to the garden, which helps to keep insect numbers in check. Chickadees, for example, will dine on aphid eggs, while larger birds may prey on mice or other rodents or simply scare them out of the garden. Jays and mockingbirds are known to be feisty and can even deter dogs and cats from a yard. Hummingbirds will sip on the nectar of flowers and help pollinate plants.
Snakes
Snakes in a garden can be disconcerting to some people, but snakes are ideal predators who feed on insects and rodents several times their size. Snakes are the right size and shape to invade the burrows of pest animals.
Butterflies and bees
Butterflies and bees are responsible for pollinating the vast majority of plants. Avoid using pesticides that may diminish butterfly or bee populations. A beehive right next to a garden may not be practical, but donÕ t make attempts to destroy it. Consult with a professional beekeeper to see what can be done to move the beehive without destroying it. Many animals and insects can be detrimental to the health of a garden. However, several animals are handy to have around and should be welcomed to the landscape.
May 10, 2014
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Spring Home & Garden - 15
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16 - Spring Home & Garden
A
It’s Alive!!!!How to repair dead grass
patch of dead grass on an otherwise lush lawn can be a frustrating eyesore for homeowners. Whether lawn care is your passion or just something you do to maintain the value of your home, dead grass can be exasperating. But as unsightly as dead grass can be, addressing it and restoring the dead patches can be somewhat simple. Before you can restore grass, however, you must first identify the source of the problem. Grass often dies because of urine damage, which is typically characterized by a dead spot surrounded by otherwise green grass. Grub infestation might be at fault when dead grass appears, and such an infestation often produces patches of light brown grass that are scattered throughout the lawn. ItÕ s also possible that dead grass is a result of human error. If your lawn was overfertilized, then patches of gray-green grass may appear. Fungal disease is another common culprit behind dead grass, and such disease can manifest itself in different ways. Once you have identified why the grass is dead, which may require the help of a professional, then you can begin to treat your lawn.
Urine damage
May 10, 2014
age, you can train the animal to urinate elsewhere, limiting the damage it causes. When repairing the grass, dig a hole thatÕ s roughly four inches deep and fill it with fresh soil until itÕ s level with the soil surrounding the dead patch. Then you can sprinkle seed on top of the freshly laid soil and water the spot.
Insect damage
Urine damage is often limited to a particular area of the grass where your family pet routinely relieves itself. Once a particular patch of grass has worn down, the pet may move on to another spot. But if you quickly notice a dead spot due to urine dam-
Addressing dead spots caused by insect damage can be a little more complicated, and some homeowners may prefer to hire a professional. If you want to handle the problem on your own, apply pesticide to the affected areas so the insects behind the problem are killed. Once the insects are no more, cut the grass, raking the affected area to remove the dead grass and any additional debris. Scatter grass seed over the affected areas and then apply an appropriate fertilizer and water immediately. Professionals may know just the right fertilizer for your lawn, so even if you want to go it alone, visit a local lawn care center to ask for advice about addressing your particular problem.
Fertilizer damage
Fertilizer damage can also prove difficult to address, as applying fresh seeds too soon can kill any freshly growing seedlings. So grass that has been damaged by overfertilization must first be allowed to fully die. Once that has happened, the grass can be cut and any remaining debris or dead grass can be removed. Seed can then be scattered, and you can even add some additional soil before laying down an appropriate amount of fertilizer and watering the lawn immediately. If you donÕ t trust yourself to use fertilizer correctly, then hire a professional to do the job for you. This will cost a little more, but you likely wonÕ t wake up to more dead patches of grass down the road. Dead grass can be unsightly and turn an otherwise lush lawn into a patchy eyesore. But addressing dead grass can be easy and can quickly restore a lawn to its green grandeur.
May 10, 2014
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Spring Home & Garden - 17
How to rid your yard of pesky pests
S
pring is the season when lawn and garden equipment is dusted off, windows are washed and homes are aired out. Spring also is a great time to get started on lawn and garden projects. Early spring might not be warm enough to start planting, but it is a great time to inspect a yard for any property damage or problems, including pests. Small animals like groundhogs can compromise lawn and garden projects. For example, vegetable gardens are prime targets for such pests, while trees and shrubbery offer cozy abodes and camouflage from other predators. Homeowners can grow frustrated by the damage such critters can do to their properties. But identifying the offenders early on can minimize that damage.
Groundhogs
Groundhogs are one of 14 species of marmots and are the largest members of the squirrel family. They frequent the areas where woodlands meet open spaces, like streams, roads or fields. Groundhogs feed on grass, plants, fruit and tree bark. They also will feast on home gardens during the summer and fall seasons. Groundhogs are most active during the warm months, when they forage and feast to build up large reserves for winter hibernation. Humane methods of keeping groundhogs at bay include making the area inhospitable. Groundhogs can climb trees and fencing, but theyÕ re less likely to get into plants if there is a fence around them. Dogs can be preventive as well, as some dogs will chase groundhogs off of the property. The scent of urine can also scare groundhogs off. Using traps to capture and then relocate groundhogs is another option.
Moles
Moles are cylindrical mammals that are most comfortable living a subterranean lifestyle. The fur of moles feels similar to velvet, and they have small ears and eyes. Moles also have strong forelimbs with forepaws that have an extra thumb and multiple joints. These help them to burrow underground effectively and hollow out subterranean chambers. The diet of moles is primarily earthworms and small invertebrates found in the soil. The runs they create beneath the surface of the soil are used to trap prey and store it in Ò lardersÓ for later. Moles are not harmful to lawns and gardens, but they can compromise the aesthetic appeal of lawns and gardens. That is why homeowners often want to prevent moles from making homes on their property. While there are traps and poisons available, one of the easiest ways to prevent mole infestation is to remove their sources of food. Homeowners also can cut back on watering property and get rid of grubs and other insects. Also, consider installing a mole barrier of aluminum sheeting or hardware cloth by burying these materials between two and three feet deep along the perimeter of a lawn or garden. Cats are natural enemies of moles, so sprinkling cat litter around mole runs may dissuade moles from visiting the area.
Voles
Often mistaken for mice, voles are small rodents with shorter, hairier tails and more stout bodies than mice. Voles are commonly referred to as meadow or field mice, and they feed on small plants and will eat nuts, fruits and even dead animals. Voles will frequently eat succulent root systems and burrow under lawns and gardens. The runways of voles will be shallow, so they arenÕ t prevalent in frequently cultivated soils. They are also less likely to burrow beneath frequently mowed lawns. Voles do not like open areas. Remove protection like weeds, tall
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grass, dense vegetation, and heavy mulch to make a yard a less popular habitat. Keep grass adjacent to flower beds or gardens mowed short. If groundhogs, moles and voles become particularly troublesome or infest a yard in great numbers, an exterminator may be needed.
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May 10, 2014
Eco-friendly lawn care can be easy H
Lawns should be mowed at an appropriate height so they can develop a deep root system.
T
omeowners know that a healthy lawn can add considerable curb appeal to a property while giving residents of the home a place to relax and enjoy the great outdoors. But few might know that a healthy lawn can also benefit the environment, especially when homeowners take a proactive approach to lawn care that emphasizes eco-friendly techniques. A proactive approach to lawn care can prevent certain problems, including disease, insect infestation and weed growth. When such problems arise, many homeowners opt to combat them with pesticides, which can harm the environment. But a proactive approach to lawn care can reduce the likelihood of developing such problems and protect the planet at the same time. •Emphasize healthy soil. Healthy soil promotes strong roots, which leads to a more robust, lush and aesthetically appealing lawn. While a lawn needs to be fertilized in the spring and at various points throughout the summer, itÕ s important that homeowners avoid overfertilization, which can create thatch that, when allowed to thicken, will prevent nutrients from penetrating the soil. Lawns need more nitrogen, phosphorous and potassium than soil can typically provide, so fertilizing throughout the warm weather seasons and into early fall can promote a healthy lawn. But choose a slow-release fertilizer so it gradually feeds the lawn. Compost and grass clippings can also be spread around the lawn to promote healthy soil. The pH level of the soil should also be checked to ensure the lawn can fully absorb nutrients. Speak with a local lawn care professional to determine what a healthy pH level is for soil in your area. •Choose a grass that can thrive in your climate. Though you might prefer the look of a certain grass, choosing
a grass based entirely on appearance is a mistake that could cost you money and prove harmful to the environment. When installing a new lawn, opt for one thatÕ s suitable to the local climate. Installing a lawn that needs substantial amounts of water in a region known for drought can rob the lawn of its aesthetic appeal and will cost homeowners a substantial amount of money to maintain. If an existing lawn struggles to stay green regardless of your best efforts, then consider replacing it with a new type of grass that might be more suited to the local climate. •DonÕ t cut too low when mowing. Homeowners who donÕ t enjoy mowing their lawn might be tempted to simply cut the grass as low as possible to extend the intervals between cuts. But the United States Environmental Protection Agency recommends that grass never be cut more than one-third of the height of the grass blades. Longer grass can take in more sunlight, allowing it to grow in thicker and develop a deeper root system. That deep root system can help a lawn survive drought and prevent disease, two potentially costly problems that often force homeowners to embrace solutions that are not ecofriendly. Ideal lawn height depends on the type of grass, so consult a lawn care professional to ensure you are cutting your grass to a healthy length. •Avoid overwatering. Excessive watering not only wastes water, which is not very eco-friendly, but also hurts the lawn when dry periods inevitably arrive. ThatÕ s because shallow and frequent watering encourages roots to stay near the surface, so when dry periods arrive, the roots struggle to find water. The EPA notes that an established lawn should not need daily watering. Instead, watering responsibly when the lawn needs water and when evaporation can be kept to a minimum, can strengthen a lawn and do so in an eco-friendly way.
Lighting sets the stage for outdoor fun
is the season for making changes in and around the home. The arrival of warmer weather renews homeownersÕ vigor for various home improvement projects, and many have grand plans for interior and exterior renovations as they prep their living spaces for comfort, beauty and entertaining opportunities. While there are many worthy projects to pursue, adding outdoor lighting to a home can help increase its value and make the home safer and more attractive in the evening hours. According to the American Lighting Association, with a few updates to outside lighting, families can make even better use of their homes at night. Adding outdoor lighting is easier and less expensive than many homeowners may know, allowing them to transform an existing patio, deck or pool area into an enjoyable nighttime retreat. Pool parties, dinners on the patio or barbecues with neighbors become even
more memorable when outdoor lighting is added or improved. But homeowners who want to install or upgrade their outdoor lighting should consider the following tips, courtesy of ALA. * Improve navigation. Lighting is typically layered into a room or outdoor space in three ways: overhead, task and ambient. Even outdoors, where there are no typical boundaries and borders, those three layers are necessary. Outdoor overhead lighting should improve visibility on steps, paths and walking surfaces, especially where thereÕ s a bend or an intersection. Task lighting can be used around cooking or gardening areas. Ambient light will cast a comforting glow around any outdoor space. * Enhance security. To improve visibility and security, combine a motion detector with a sconce to illuminate dark corners or entryways. Be sure to aim lights away from the door to improve visibility. Lanterns on either
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side of the door can give a home a warm, welcoming appearance and improve the safety of entryways. * Create outdoor rooms. Outdoor lighting at the borders of a space is a great way to create barriers, both vertically and horizontally. Lights in a tree create something akin to a chandelier hung in the middle of the sky, and even accent lights in the general area of the edge of a patio, deck or porch will shine across the space and provide enough of a comfort level for people to understand where things are.
* Reduce glare. Outdoor lighting that casts a glare can be blinding, as can light thatÕ s too bright. Lighting along paths should be cast downward, with fixtures that are hooded. A variety of lighting options will create layers, allowing you to add or subtract as necessary. Exterior-safe dimmers also can provide flexible control over the level of light, as can movable fixtures added to a patio or porch. * Add decorative elements. Just as arbors, pergolas, patios and other outdoor elements help to enhance the
style of an outdoor space, so, too, can lighting contribute to a well-designed landscape. Lighting should play up decorative features of a yard and add the ambience that homeowners desire. Step lights make passage safe while also highlighting molding or trim details. An outdoor chandelier can make for a wonderful accent during dinnertime on the deck or under a pergola. Patio lights provide atmosphere as well as illumination for cooking outside. * Enhance views from inside. Outdoor lighting can
make the view from inside pleasant and enjoyable. Use a variety of lights, including spotlights on trees, lights dotted along pathways and accent lights on unique landscape features, to create an idyllic landscape visible from inside the home. Outdoor lighting enhances functionality of yards and landscapes while making such areas safer for homeowners and their guests once the sun has gone down. RIGHT: Outdoor lighting can play up the more decorative features of a yard, including flower beds.
May 10, 2014
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Spring Home & Garden - 19
Weed out gardening myths from facts
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ardening is an age-old activity that was once a necessity but has transformed into a hobby for thousands of people. While gardening still serves practical purposes, many gardeners still consider it a hobby first and foremost. Time-tested gardening techniques have prevailed, but there remain certain myths about gardening that are best dispelled. The following are some of the more common myths associated with gardening.
of a tree or shrub will be placed. But this encourages the roots to grow only in this nutrient-rich area, rather than spreading throughout the landscape to form a stronger and more durable root system. If you are going to amend the soil, do so evenly across the landscape.
MYTH
Use gravel or rocks in the bottom of planting containers to improve drainage.
FACT
Rocks and gravel can actually impede the growth of plants and take away space for roots to grow. The drainage may be affected as well, as water will sit above the gravel or stones and saturate the roots. Stick with plain soil for better drainage results.
MYTH
Compost tea is more effective than traditional compost.
FACT
All over North America and the United Kingdom, gardeners have jumped on board the compost tea bandwagon. Compost tea is a fertilizer created by steeping compost in water mixed with sugar in brewing kits. The mixture is allowed to sit and aerate to encourage beneficial organism growth before it is sprayed on plants. According to supporters, compost tea suppresses disease and boosts plant yields. However, there is no evidence to suggest that compost tea works any better than adding compost in its normal state to the soil. In fact, leaving buckets of the Ò teaÓ around to ferment could actually create a breeding ground for E coli and other bacteria.
have the stakes removed to encourage the tree to be strong and stable on its own.
MYTH
Water droplets and sunshine lead to burnt leaves.
FACT
Gardeners have been told to resist watering their plants during the hottest times of the day. Many assume itÕ s because water droplets lying on leaves will magnify the sunÕ s rays and burn the leaves. According to Dr. Gabor Horvath at the Eoetvoes
University in Budapest, water droplets will rarely damage plants because the drops are too close to the leaves to cause burning before they evaporate. Watering during the hottest points of the day is not advised because water evaporates and gets wasted.
MYTH
Sand added to clay soil makes it looser and better for plants.
FACT
Clay soil is a deterrent to gardening because it can be so hard to dig and difficult
MYTH
Plants under stress should be fertilized.
FACT
This is not the case. Horticulturists advise that fertilizing plants that are not deficient in nutrients can actually add to existing stress levels for plants. Plants are not often stressed by a lack of food, but rather heat, faulty planting or space constraints. A fed plant will use the energy to absorb the nutrients instead of defending against a blight or establishing better root systems.
MYTH
Young trees need stakes.
FACT
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It may be tempting to stake that little sapling to protect it against the weather and strong winds, but doing so may actually work against the foundling tree. Staking trees to inhibit swaying may not stimulate the tree to grow thicker, lower trunks that will help the tree in the long run. The Royal Horticultural Society recommends that saplings be staked for around one year and then
to cultivate, but some feel itÕ s best to add sand to the clay to make it a better soil mixture. You would need a great deal of sand to do this in the right manner, but many gardeners simply dig a hole, add sand and hope for the best. However, water runoff will pool in the sand and not be absorbed by the clay, potentially causing the plants to drown.
MYTH
Adding compost or potting soil to the planting hole for a tree or shrub is beneficial.
FACT
Gardeners frequently add compost or potting soil to the hole where the root ball
A variety of gardening myths still prevail. Over time, behaviors can be changed if gardeners learn to separate myths from facts.
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20 - Spring Home & Garden
May 10, 2014
Getting your kids excited about gardening M
Lawns should be mowed at an appropriate height so they can develop a deep root system.
any adults understand the joy of gardening, but gardening can be equally fun for children as well. While some adults may feel that certain children do not have the patience or perseverance to see plants grow from seeds to adulthood, selecting plants that are hardy and sprout quickly may be the key to igniting a love of gardening in children. Choosing seeds that sprout quickly can hold the attention of children who are new to gardening. Many different plants fit this bill. Beans, peas, sunflower seeds, and bell pepper seeds are easy to start and germinate quickly. In addition, many leafy vegetables, such as chard, lettuce, spinach, and mustard, germinate in three to five days. Herbs, such as basil and parsley, also sprout fast. All of these plants are good options for introducing children to gardening, as each provides quick gratification. To further interest children, it is a good idea to plant seeds in a way that allows youngsters to monitor the progress of growth. Use a transparent container, such as rinsed-out glass jars and canisters, to house the plant. Such containers give kids an unobstructed view of the process, during which children can plot the progress of seed germination and easily spot root and stem development. Once the seedlings grow larger, they can be transplanted into different containers. Many seedlings can sprout with water alone. Children can easily grow new plants from clippings of a mature plant left resting in a shallow cup of water, and seeds may
not even need soil to germinate. Kids may have luck sprinkling seeds on a dampened, crumpled-up piece of paper towel. Cotton balls also make a good place to nestle seeds. Either material will hold on to water, keeping the seeds moist until they sprout. Afterward, the seedlings can be carefully moved into a soil-and-compost mix. The paper towel and the cotton balls will decompose and add to the organic matter already in the soil. Edible plants often make good choices for children because kids can reap the rewards of their efforts. Herbs can be sprinkled onto food, or fruits and vegetables can be grown in containers and then served at mealtime. Kids can show pride in their accomplishments, especially if they have tangible results on the dinner plate. Children who want to try something different can explore other types of plants. Aquatic plants, or those found at the pet store to grow in aquariums, can be easy to grow. They need little more than a container, fresh water and sunlight. Cacti and other succulents are also fun to explore. These plants are quite hardy in that they can stand up to moderate abuse, such as failure to water frequently enough. The unique appearance of cacti make them interesting focal points for an indoor garden. A love of gardening thatÕ s fostered inside can also be explored outdoors. Set aside a plot of dirt where kids can sow their own seeds and tend to their own gardens. This hobby can help children learn patience and hard work while fostering an appreciation of nature.
How to keep cats out of your garden beds
C
ats make for wonderful pets, especially those that are content with life indoors, where they can spend hours lounging on a windowsill watching the world go by. But some cats spend a significant amount of time outdoors, where they forage for food and take refuge in
and around a neighborhood. Frequently, outdoor cats will return to the same place over and over again. If that place is your flower bed, you may grow aggravated by your uninvited guest. Once a cat has found a place to call its own, it can be difficult to persuade the animal to move. Cats can be attracted to planting beds because the soil is soft underfoot and may seem like the ideal environment to turn into an outdoor litter box. However, over time cat urine and feces can leave behind an offensive odor and damage plants. Other cats also may be attracted to the garden, creating territory Ò warsÓ or even more odor and activity. But homeowners can employ a variety of techniques
to keep felines from digging in the garden. •Keep leftover citrus peels. Orange, lemon and lime peels scattered around the garden may be offensive to cats, who will likely opt to go elsewhere rather than ignore the odor. Over time, the peels can be removed or allowed to break down into a natural fertilizer. •Employ technology to surprise or startle the cats. Motion detectors that trigger lights or a sprinkler system
can startle cats and keep them away from your garden. •Make the garden uncomfortable to cats. Many cats do not like the feeling hard materials under their paws. Therefore, you can bury any number of items in the soil to deter padded feet. Some gardeners prefer to use chicken wire or rolled mesh around plants before covering the soil with mulch. The cats step on the dirt and feel the metal underneath, then move on. Branches, brambles, spiky holly leaves, or even rocks may keep cats from finding the garden bed hospitable. •Employ natural scented deterrents. Some say that cats will be repelled by human hair. Visit a salon and ask for hair clippings to distribute throughout the garden. Urine from predators, like coyotes, may scare cats off, as well. Some cats may not like the smell of marigolds, which can be planted alongside other flowers in an attempt to keep cats at bay. •Erect barriers around the garden. Barriers can keep cats out of gardens. Erect a fence of lattice or metal to make it more difficult for cats to get inside the garden. •Make other areas of your property more attractive to cats. Homeowners who donÕ t mind the presence of cats on their property but want them out of the garden can take the unusual step of making another area on the property more cat-friendly. Plant catnip far away from the garden, giving cats a place to hang out without putting your garden in jeopardy.
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Spring Home & Garden - 21
Guarantee your garden gets started on the right foot A
s winter slowly winds down, many gardeners cannot wait to soak up the springtime sun and get their hands dirty in the garden. Such excitement is not just good for gardeners, but can benefit the garden in the months to come as well. Late winter or early spring is a great time to get a head start on the gardening season. Even if gardening season is still around the corner, completing the following projects can ensure your garden gets off on the right foot.
Clear debris
One of the best things you can do for your garden as winter winds down is to clear it of debris. Winter can be especially harsh on a landscape, and gardens left to the elements are often filled with debris once spring arrives. Dead leaves, fallen branches, rocks that surfaced during the winter frost, and even garbage that might have blown about in winter winds can all pile up in a garden over a typical winter. Clearing such debris likely wonÕ t take long, but itÕ s a great first step toward restoring the garden before the time comes to plant and grow the garden once again.
Examine the soil
Soil plays a significant role in whether a garden thrives or struggles. Examining the soil before the season starts can help gardeners address any issues before they plant. Ignoring the soil until a problem arises can turn the upcoming gardening season into a lost opportunity, so test the soil to determine if it has any nutrient or mineral deficiencies. This may require the help of a professional, but if a problem arises, you might be able to adjust the acidity or alkalinity of the soil and still enjoy a successful gardening season. Another way to examine the soil is less complex but can shed light on when would be a good time to get back to work. Reach into the soil and dig out a handful. If the soil quickly crumbles, you can start preparing for gardening seasoning. But if the soil is still clumped together, it needs more time to dry out before you can begin your prep work.
blade or an edger designed to edge flower beds. Such tools will cut deep enough so grass roots that may eventually grow into the flower bed are severed. Depending on how large a garden is, edging can be a time-consuming task, so getting a head start allows homeowners to spend more time planting and tending to their gardens once the season hits full swing.
Fight weeds
Though weeds likely have not survived the winter, that does not mean they wonÕ t return once the weather starts to heat up. But as inevitable as weeds may seem, homeowners can take steps to prevent them from turning beautiful gardens into battlegrounds where plants, flowers and vegetables are pitted against unsightly and potentially harmful weeds. Spring is a good time to apply a pre-emergent weed preventer, which can stop weeds before they grow. Though such solutions are not always foolproof, they can drastically reduce the likelihood of weed growth. Though gardeners might not be able to start planting their gardens in late winter or early spring, they can still get outside and take steps to ensure their gardens thrive once planting season begins.
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Edging is another task gardeners can begin as they get ready for the season. Edge plant and flower beds, but be sure to use a spade with a flat
22 - Spring Home & Garden
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May 10, 2014
The right watering can make all the difference in a lush lawn
P
so they arenÕ t watering driveways, walkways or patios. All of the water should be going to the grass, especially when drought restrictions are in place and the amount of watering the law allows is limited. ItÕ s also important to make sure water from sprinklers isnÕ t being blocked from reaching the grass by trees. Homeowners with especially large trees on their property should consider hand watering the grass beneath such trees to ensure these areas receive adequate water. * Lean on mulch. Homeowners tend to fear drought for a variety of reasons, not the least of which is that drought can cause a green lawn to turn brown, potentially affecting property value and robbing a landscape of its beauty. But there are ways to help the soil retain moisture when temperatures are especially hot and dry. Mulch around trees, flower beds, gardens and shrubs can help homeowners get the most bang for their watering buck. ThatÕ s because mulch retains moisture, even when temperatures
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are especially hot. This helps foster stronger root growth and healthier landscapes that are less susceptible to disease and insect infestation. * Get to know your lawn. Several variables combine to determine how much water a lawn needs. Understanding these variables helps homeowners understand how much to water their own lawns. Local climate is a variable to consider, as is whether or not a lawn was fertilized (experts typically recommend a lawn be fertilized several times, beginning in the spring and ending in October). Soil type and grass type also help to determine how much water a lawn needs, and homeowners who need to determine the type of soil and grass on their property can consult a local lawn care center or landscaping professional. Proper watering can help a lawn survive the dog days of summer, and itÕ s up to homeowners to learn the right techniques.
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roper watering is essential when trying to restore or maintain a lush green lawn. If watered incorrectly, a lawn can be susceptible to a host of problems, including insect infestation, weak roots and disease. When watering a lawn, especially when temperatures start to soar in the summer, itÕ s easy to think a lawn needs more water and needs it during those hours of the day when the sun is at its most intense. However, those are two common misconceptions about watering. The following are a handful of tips for homeowners who want to help their lawns endure the summer heat and maintain their lush appeal into the fall. * Water when temperatures are mild. In the summertime, humans typically need water when temperatures are at their most extreme, but that does not mean lawns should be watered when temperatures soar. Water attracts the sun, so watering when temperatures are at their hottest, which is typically around midday and into early afternoon, will likely lead to brown spots indicative of a burned lawn. ThatÕ s because the sun will be drawn to the water, bearing down on the lawn and burning the grass as a result. When summer arrives, a lawn is best watered when temperatures are at their most mild. That often translates to early morning or early evening. An added benefit of watering when temperatures are on the mild side is less water will be lost to evaporation during this time, meaning you wonÕ t be wasting water. * Situate sprinklers to conserve water. Homeowners who wonÕ t be hand watering their lawns should make sure their sprinklers are placed properly throughout their property. Situate sprinklers
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