Interior in design spreads for lulu test by Derek Hill

BIONOMIC ARCHITECTURE

Constructing a Geomorphological Aggregate to Storm Surge

Wentworth Institute of Technology M. Arch â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;16 Fall 2015 Derek Hill

Wentworth Institute of Technology M. ARCH â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;15 Fall Category of Study: Ecology + Transformation + Urban Integration Thesis Advisors: Linda Weld John Ellis Aaron Weinart ARCH9300 Studio Advisor: Ann Borst

To my family, friends, and mentors along the way for all of the continued support and inspiration.

/// B I O N O M I C S /// n. / bīəˈnämiks / The study of the mode of life of organisms in their natural habitat and their adaptations to their surroundings; ecology.

/// ARCHITECTURE /// n. / ˈärkəˌtek(t)SHər / The style in which a building is designed or constructed, especially with regard to a speciﬁc period, place, or culture:

BIONONIC ARCHITECTURE

/// TABLE OF CONTENTS /// ABSTRACT / KEY TERMS

RELEVANCE/HYPOTHESIS

III

KEY IMAGE

RESEARCH ESSAY

DYNAMIC ECOLOGIES

REGIONAL/ RESPONSIVE FLOWS

SITE SELECTION

FRAMING AN IDENTITY

CASE STUDIES

METHODOLOGY

CRITERIA TESTING

SCHEDULE

BIBLIOGRAPHY

The study of the mode of life of organisms in their natural habitat and their adaptations to their surroundings; ecology.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

ABSTRACT How can architecture become the frame through which people experience climate change in the urban realm and develop the relationship between urban forces and changing environments? Developing from the built response to the rising sea level in Boston, one can begin to shape an architecture of change and create a space where the public are left with a changed perspective on the way they inhabit the urban realm and open the conversation of a new discourse in the city of Boston. With infrastructure as the glue connecting the city fabric together, How can architecture become the frame through which people experience climate change in the urban realm and develop the relationship between urban forces and changing environments? Developing from the built response to the rising sea level in Boston, one can begin to shape an architecture of change and create a space where the public are left with a changed perspective on the way they inhabit the urban realm and open the conversation of a new discourse in the city of Boston. With infrastructure as the glue connecting the city fabric together,

BIONONIC ARCHITECTURE

/// KEY TERMS/// Tidal Scour:

n. / ˈtīdl skou(ə)r / An erosion process which is carried out by the tidal movement of water

Shoal:

n. / ˈ shohl / a sandbank or sand bar in the bed of a body of water, especially one that is exposed above the surface of the water at low tide.

Island:

n. / bīəˈnämiks / The study of the mode of life of organisms in their natural habitat and their adaptations to their surroundings; ecology.

Atoll:

n. / bīəˈnämiks / The study of the mode of life of organisms in their natural habitat and their adaptations to their surroundings; ecology.

Diffract:

Reﬂexive: Accept:

n. / bīəˈnämiks / The study of the mode of life of organisms in their natural habitat and their adaptations to their surroundings; ecology. n. / bīəˈnämiks / The study of the mode of life of organisms in their natural habitat and their adaptations to their surroundings; ecology. n. / bīəˈnämiks / The study of the mode of life of organisms in their natural habitat and their adaptations to their surroundings; ecology.

Inﬂect:

n. / bīəˈnämiks / The study of the mode of life of organisms in their natural

Resist:

n. / bīəˈnämiks / The study of the mode of life of organisms in their natural

habitat and their adaptations to their surroundings; ecology.

BIONONIC ARCHITECTURE

RELEVANCE With impending sea level rise inevitably affecting the future of Boston this thesis hopes to aid in the cityâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s current discourse about managing storm surge and the growth of the city and work towards new methods to creating a pre-responsive architecture through post-critical thinking. With impending sea level rise inevitably affecting the future of Boston this thesis hopes to aid in the cityâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s current discourse about managing storm surge and the growth of the city and work towards new methods to creating a pre-responsive architecture through post-critical thinking. How can architecture become the frame through which people experience climate change in the urban realm and develop the relationship between urban forces and changing environments? Developing from the built response to the rising sea level in Boston, one can begin to shape an architecture of change and create a space where the public are left with a changed perspective on the way they inhabit the urban realm and open the conversation of a new discourse in the city of Boston. With infrastructure as the glue connecting the city fabric together,

iii

BIONONIC ARCHITECTURE

BIONOMIC ARCHITECTURE: Architecture can become the frame through which people experience climate change in the urban realm and interact with the relationship between urban forces and changing environments. Creating a symbiotic relationship between the dynamic conditions of landscape and built form architects can begin to strengthen connections through responsive design addressing the discourse of coastal city architecture.

BIONONIC ARCHITECTURE

Criteria The thesis looks into the topic of climate change and adaptive transformation with responsive architecture. Exploring the idea of a symbiosis to occur between landscape and urbanism driving a new perceptive awareness of dynamic ecologies and the built environment in order to forge new relationship between the people and land in which they inhabit. The background research dives into works of architectural perception, pragmatism, as well as urban growth and collective form. Diagnosis of tidal scour, shoal, as well as case studies into the responsive methods of adapting to rising sea level and the ever-increasing threat of storm surge, will be explored through research in this thesis. The intervention goal is based off diagnosing the growth of Boston creating a kit of parts in order to design responsive built form integrated into the landscape of the harbor. Adapting to the concerns of tidal scour and storm surge, the building plans to utilize an occupy-able form in order to use tidal scour as a manipulation of the repercussive conditions built form creates in order to reshape the connection between built and un-built landscape recreating barrier islands for storm surge and city growth revitalizing the harbor to its earlier condition and strengthening the connection between the city of Boston to its harbor. Placed in pragmatic locations dealing with transit and regional ďŹ&#x201A;ows the building will situate itself as a collective whole.

Literature Review The thesis looks into the topic of climate change and adaptive transformation with responsive architecture. Exploring the idea of a symbiosis to occur between landscape and urbanism driving a new perceptive awareness of dynamic ecologies and the built environment in order to forge new relationship between the people and land in which they inhabit.

BIONONIC ARCHITECTURE

‘‘I don’t want to be a product of my environment, I want the environment to be a product of me.’’ -Francis ‘‘Frank’’ Costello [Jack Nicholson] in The Departed, 2006 //Guy Nordenson+ Catherine Seavitt Rising Currents //

BIONONIC ARCHITECTURE

RESEARCH ESSAY The Intersection between Built-Form and Dynamic Ecologies Pragmatic Problem Solving Bionomic Symbiosis is a diagnosis into the intersection between landscape and the built environment with the intention of enhancing the discourse of ‘’landscape urbanism’’ through an interconnected hybridization and the strengthening of the way architecture drives the connection of the people to the nature. As Bionomics, is the study of ecology and the adaptive nature of organisms, this exploration resides in the adaptive nature of architecture and the resilience of design in order to persistently create space to better inhabit. As we build more and more and our footprint on the planet continues to grow, we need to constantly reevaluate the impact of the natural site of which architects impose on and create form rather than integrate. As architecture situates itself in-between the realm of theory and pragmatic response, architects must create with a symbiotic strategy to create architecture for tomorrow. Through understanding the roles of theoretical and pragmatic response to architecture and collective form we can begin to connect people and space in a new way.

Idealism embedded in theory With real world constraints and technological advancements not always providing enough to make dreams become reality, the realm of theory inspires architects to dream beyond these restraints of real-world factors. The inclusion of ‘’futurist’’, ‘’utopian’’ and ‘’hyper-realism’’ theories into the discourse of architecture allows for the process towards architecture of tomorrow to develop. In the work of Rafeal Moneo , he shows that there can remain a level of practicality in developing a theoretically balanced project. Diving into both conceptual and construction methods Moneo gives a diverse critical look into eight contemporary architects. The breakdown of spatial and built implications can all be originally derived from ‘’concept’’ and approach through idealism, exploring how a building will work in its ideal way. By beginning design in a future environment or designing the building for the optimal or idealistic scenarios, the architect can begin to shape behavior and perception through design without constraint. What idealism in theory provides is the ability for architects to approach problems from outside of the box and experiment before they need to reinterpret ideology into reality.

While designing without limits allows for a bigger push in design, Rem Koolhaas proves that in the realm of theory, criticality plays just as signiﬁcant a role through the shaping of parameters of design, as to not get lost in theory. Discussing ‘’Manhattanism’’ in regards to urban growth of New York, Koolhaas critiques in a theoretical lens as a response real-world conditions. It is this removal of the pragmatic or the real-world ideals that allows for a fundamental look into the essence of what we can improve on as our cities grow. The lens opens up conversations to look at buildings past the point of space but the social, political, and most basic elements of a building in a certain condition.

‘‘At vero eos et accusamus et iusto odio dignissimos ducimus qui blanditiis praesentium voluptatum deleniti atque corrupti quos dolores et quas molestias’’ excepturi sint occaecati cupiditate non provident, similique sunt’’ As it is not just ‘’high design firms’’ thinking with this idealistic theory to their work but there exists a plethora of student work which showcases this conceptual thinking as well. The yearly awarding jury of Evolo Skyscrapers and the Harvard Graduate School of Design showcase works annually experimenting with multidisciplinary design and removal of parameters in program, allowing for architecture to be created through proactive exploration rather than a defined response to a need. Undefined boundaries of exploration allow for the discovery of a problemsolution architecture and a thoroughness to design that would not otherwise exist. The solution then becomes an analysis to supplement later designs. This thinking remains in-line with some of the utopian works of Archigram in the late 1970s as the architects of Archigram were freed from reality to trying to create a pure architectural response to a specific idea in society. As the work in Topologies: The Urban Utopia in France 19601970 lays out, Idealism drives theory allowing for architecture to truly respond to conditions.

BIONONIC ARCHITECTURE

Pragmatic Problem Solving Problem-solving architecture derives from the real world application of theoretical practice. In order to develop and architecture situated between construction and site, it was necessary to explore the notion of architecture as a physical manifestation of a solution. Some of the contemporary works by Danish architects such as Bjarkes Ingles and his work at BIG and the work from MRVD have been strong examples of ‘’functionalist’’ architecture. BIG defines their work as a cross between utopian and the pragmatic. As architects continue to redefine processes of design we can look at the utopian pragmatisms that Danish architecture often displays as a manifestation of looking at architecture as an equation. Deciding which problems to tackle and respond to gives architecture the ability to enhance the collective built environment through practical decisions derived from unimpeded theory information collection. BIG, MRVD, JDS, REX, and OMA, are offices that all seem to exemplify similar ideals in design, directly correlating with process and end product. BIG group lays out in the work titled Hot to Cold the ability to apply practical surrealism to ecological design. Showing works and breaking down the layout through biomes or climate categorization, BIG applies these ides into action all over the world showing that the architectural equation can derive a fundamental constant in architectural design.

‘‘At vero eos et accusamus et iusto odio dignissimos ducimus qui blanditiis praesentium voluptatum deleniti atque corrupti quos dolores et quas molestias’’ excepturi sint occaecati cupiditate non provident, similique sunt’’ One of the key ways of architects lay out the architectural equation is through architect’s use of the diagram. Since the conception and origins of the diagrammatic drawing methods, architects have been able to communicate theories and allow for the public to have a stronger connection to the architecture. The often-multidisciplinary aesthetic that diagrams creates; help push architecture

closer to realizing the ideals of theory while allowing the people to become connected to the ‘’architectural equation’’. As styles have come and gone, the communication between the people and the architecture through diagrams has remained a focal point in the developmental nature that is design. In order for the architect to respond to a condition architecturally to enhance the built environment the problematic conditions must ﬁrst be understood and documented and the creation of the diagram allows for a representative visualization of these conditions. Once there is a physical manifestation of the problem and solution the social aspect can be added allowing for public critique and interaction of design intent. As architecture develops over time the people can evaluate and communicate better to the architect what works and what does not.

‘‘At vero eos et accusamus et iusto odio dignissimos ducimus qui blanditiis praesentium voluptatum deleniti atque corrupti quos dolores et quas molestias’’ excepturi sint occaecati cupiditate non provident, similique sunt’’ The New Architectural Pragmatism applies this balanced methodology to its critiques, similar to the way Koolhaas critiqued with theory. The book discusses the complications of designing in the world, in indirect reference to the philosophic law of complexity describing a world of which only grows more complex, and never reducing in complexity. The editor, William S. Saunders, uses several smaller essays in order to praise responsive and ﬂexible design. By balancing theory and reality architecture can allow for growth while having reasoning or rational to satisfy the people in grounding the large often optimistic designs while the world around it grows more complex and harder to deduce into a single style responsive as previous architecture has.

BIONONIC ARCHITECTURE

Dynamic Ecologies and Adaptive Environments The work in Landform Building suggests that the greatest inherent inspiration of design is nature itself. Inferring architecture to replicate processes of natural forces the work suggests architects can create architecture that works with the environment and not against it leading to better integration of urban conditions. Laying out the groundwork of several geological phenomena Landform Building provides examples where architecture mimics natural processes in order to develop favorable results. With our carbon footprint and drastic changes to the natural existing conditions of site exponentially increasing the need for an integrated architecture is needed more and more.

‘‘At vero eos et accusamus et iusto odio dignissimos ducimus qui blanditiis praesentium voluptatum deleniti atque corrupti quos dolores et quas molestias’’ As global warming has created issues around the world with sea-level rise and storm surge destruction, resistance architecture has failed to adapt and defend cities while nature continues land reclamation. This need has driven the process of storm-surge defense to be rethought by architects as the walls of resistance walls and levies continue to fail. In the work, On the Water | Palisade Bay architects design defenses such as wetland extensions, artificial reefing, and rerouting of water overages. Just as the people adapt their environments to make habitable, the need to adapt architectural methodology is growing more and more prevalent to avoid a destructive collision of the impact of humanity and the impact of nature. The work in Rising Currents works with the identification of these problems and identifies the insurmountable task of fully keeping nature out of the built environment. More towards an ecological and urban cohesion this body of work, shows cases of responsive design with the intent of sparking preresponsive design for the city of New York. In order to understand how much change to design for, the works Projective Ecologies and Grounding Metabolism relay the need to design for projection and to ground studies into the realities. By designing for the projective, the architects are put in the position that the new present is the future and that by

not accounting for future speculations the architecture is already behind. As growth in technology has become more and more accurate the need for architects to account for projective ecologies is more and more prevalent in today’s ﬁeld of design.

Urbanization and Dynamic Inhabitance In the 21st century urban realm we are seeing exponential growth and density as more people begin to move back into cities. Urban Transformations lays out a timeline showing the back and forth of urban sprawl and suburban sprawl in the formation of inhabitance around cities. While cities continue to grow we can begin to study public life and develop an architecture that responds to current needs while integrating itself into the landscape and not destroying it. As people inhabit space they tend to rest where the activity is. As most large cities were built up from success of medieval port cities the coastal landscape and relationship to the land has a direct connection to urbanization of space. Designing for collective form , addresses urban conditions by providing space and helps in diagnosing the prospects of an individual architecture on the collective whole. As individual pieces spread choices are available. Architecture has the ability to shape the collective form through successful design. While the behavior of form is that it remains incremental, we can use architecture as the driver for the shaping of the urban realm. In order to shape the urban condition it remains paramount to create a responsive reﬂexive design in order for the built environment to ﬂourish. While the research centers around the impact of architecture on the site, it also suggests a future symbiotic relationship binding the two in order to develop a stronger discourse in landscape urbanism. Bionomic Symbiosis relies on the tools found in utopian and pragmatic resolution to an architectural equation of the site. By connecting the built environment to the site we can enhance our relationship with the dynamic ecologies and adapt our structures in the same way adaptive ecologies change around us.

BIONONIC ARCHITECTURE

Topic Area The thesis looks into the topic of climate change and adaptive transformation with responsive architecture. Exploring the idea of a symbiosis to occur between landscape and urbanism driving a new perceptive awareness of dynamic ecologies and the built environment in order to forge new relationship between the people and land in which they inhabit.

Research Summary The background research dives into works of architectural perception, pragmatism, as well as urban growth and collective form. Diagnosis of tidal scour, shoal, as well as case studies into the responsive methods of adapting to rising sea level and the ever-increasing threat of storm surge, will be explored through research in this thesis.

Argument The intervention goal is based off diagnosing the growth of Boston creating a kit of parts in order to design responsive built form integrated into the landscape of the harbor. Adapting to the concerns of tidal scour and storm surge, the building plans to utilize an occupy-able form in order to use tidal scour as a manipulation of the repercussive conditions built form creates in order to reshape the connection between built and un-built landscape recreating barrier islands for storm surge and city growth revitalizing the harbor to its earlier condition and strengthening the connection between the city of Boston to its harbor. Placed in pragmatic locations dealing with transit and regional ďŹ&#x201A;ows the building will situate itself as a collective whole.

Criteria Testing Overview Testing methodology will include but not limited to: -Model testing -site analysis

-ďŹ&#x201A;uid dynamic studies -plan-patterns+relationships

-urban section -transit studies

BIONONIC ARCHITECTURE

-axonometric drawings -topography

Endnotes 1 Moneo, José Rafael. Theoretical Anxiety and Design Strategies in the Work of Eight Contemporary Architects. Cambridge, Mass: MIT Press, 2004. 2 Koolhaas, Rem. Delirious New York: A Retroactive Manifesto for Manhattan. New ed. New York: Monacelli Press, 1994. 3 Aiello, Carlo. Evolo Skyscrapers. Evolo 2014. Vol. Skyscrapers 2014. 5 vols. 636 Wilshire Blvd. #311 Los Angeles,CA 90048: Evolo Inc., 2014. www.evolo.us. 4 Elkin, Rosetta Sarah. GSD Platform 6. Vol. 6. 8 vols. Platform Series. 151 Grand Street, 5th Floor New York, NY 10013: Actar Publishers, 2012. 5 Sadler, Simon. Archigram: Architecture without Architecture. Archigram. Cambridge,MA: MIT Press, 2005. 6 Busbea, Larry. Topologies: The Urban Utopia in France 1960-1970. Hardcover. 55 Hayward Street, Cambridge,MA: MIT Press, 2007. 7 Ingels, Bjarkes. Hot to Cold. An Odyssey of Architectural Adaptation. Spain: TASCHEN GmbH, 2015. 8 Ruby, Ilka, and Andreas Ruby, eds. MVRDV Buildings. Rotterdam: nai010 publishers, 2013. 9 Garcia, Mark, ed. The Diagrams of Architecture. AD Reader. Chichester: Wiley, 2010. 10 Saunders, William S., ed. The New Architectural Pragmatism. Harvard Design Magazine. Vol. 5. 22 vols. Minneapolis,MN 55401-2520: University of Minnesota Press, 2007. 11 Allen, Stan, and Marc McQuade, eds. Landform Building. Architecture’s New Terrain. New York,NY 10013 USA: Lars Muller Publishers, 2011. 12 Nordenson, Guy, Catherine Seavitt, Adam Yarinsky, Rebecca Veit, and Museum of Modern Art, eds. On the Water: Palisade Bay ; [Exhibition Rising Currents: Projects for New York’s Waterfront ; the Museum of Modern Art, New York, March 24, 2010 - August 9, 2010]. Ostﬁldern: Hatje Cantz [u.a.], 2010 13 Bergdoll, Barry. Rising Currents: Projects for New York’s Waterfront. New York : London: Museum of Modern Art : Distributed in the United States and Canada by D.A.P./Distributed Art Publishers ; Distributed outside the United States and Canada by Thames & Hudson, 2011. 14 Reed, Chris, and Nina-Marie Lister, eds. Projective Ecologies. New York, NY: Actar publ, 2014. 15 Ibañez, Daniel, and Nikos Katsikis. Grounding Metabolism, 2014. 16 Altoon, Ronald A., and James C. Auld. Urban Transformations: Transit Oriented Development & The Sustainable City. Australia: Images Publishing Dist Ac, 2011. 17 Gehl, Jan, and Birgitte Svarre. How to Study Public Life. Washington: Island Press, 2013. 18 Mayne, Thom. Combinatory Urbanism: A Realignment of Complex Behavior and Collective Form. Morphosis on Urban Planning. Chicago,IL: Stray Dog Cafe, 2011.

BIONONIC ARCHITECTURE

1- Dynamic Ecology Dynamic Ecologies

How can architecture become the frame through which people experience climate change in the urban realm and develop the relationship between urban forces and changing environments? Developing from the built response to the rising sea level in Boston, one can begin to shape an architecture of change and create a space where the public are left with a changed perspective on the way they inhabit the urban realm and open the conversation of a new discourse in the city of Boston. With infrastructure as the glue connecting the city fabric together, How can architecture become the frame through which people experience climate change in the urban realm and develop the relationship between urban forces and changing environments? Developing from the built response to the rising sea level in Boston, one can begin to shape an architecture of change and create a space where the public are left with a changed perspective on the way they inhabit the urban realm and open the conversation of a new discourse in the city of Boston. With infrastructure as the glue connecting the city fabric together,

BIONONIC ARCHITECTURE

Pangea and the Changing Landscape How can architecture become the frame through which people experience climate change in the urban realm and develop the relationship between urban forces and changing environments? Developing from the built response to the rising sea level in Boston, one can begin to shape an architecture of change and create

BIONONIC ARCHITECTURE

PANGEA/ DYNAMIC ECOLOGIES

Rising Sea Level How can architecture become the frame through which people experience climate change in the urban realm and develop the relationship between urban forces and changing environments? Developing from the built response to the rising sea level in Boston, one can begin to shape an architecture of change and create a space where the public are left with a changed perspective on the way they inhabit the urban realm and open the conversation of a new discourse in the city of Boston. With infrastructure as the glue connecting the city fabric together, how can architecture be thought about in a way that redeďŹ nes the contemporary city of movement? While movement and social impacts situate themselves as drivers to the contemporary city make-up, how can individualized fragments of change with architectural response adapt the greater whole?

BIONONIC ARCHITECTURE

Storm Surge Tide Sequence

Storm Surge How can architecture become the frame through which people experience climate change in the urban realm and develop the relationship between urban forces and changing environments? Developing from the built response to the rising sea level in Boston, one can begin to shape an architecture of change and create a space where the public are left with a changed perspective on the way they inhabit the urban realm and open the conversation of a new discourse in the city of Boston.

BIONONIC ARCHITECTURE

Storm Surge Tide Sequence

Natural Tide Sequence

BIONONIC ARCHITECTURE

Land + Water Interaction How can architecture become the frame through which people experience climate change in the urban realm and develop the relationship between urban forces and changing environments? Developing from the built response to the rising sea level in Boston, one can begin to shape an architecture of change and create a space where the public are left with a changed perspective on the way they inhabit the urban realm and open the conversation of a new discourse in the city of Boston. With infrastructure as the glue connecting the city fabric together, how can architecture be thought about in a way that redeﬁnes the contemporary city of movement? While movement and social impacts situate themselves as drivers to the contemporary city make-up, how can individualized fragments of change with architectural response adapt the greater whole?

‘‘At vero eos et accusamus et iusto odio dignissimos ducimus qui blanditiis praesentium voluptatum deleniti atque corrupti quos dolores et quas molestias’’ excepturi sint occaecati cupiditate non provident, similique sunt’’ How can architecture become the frame through which people experience climate change in the urban realm and develop the relationship between urban forces and changing environments? Developing from the built response to the rising sea level in Boston, one can begin to shape an architecture of change and create a space where the public are left with a changed to the rising sea level in Boston, one can begin to shape an architecture of change and create a space where the public are left with a changed How can architecture become the frame through which people experience climate change in the urban realm and develop the relationship between urban forces and changing environments? Developing from the built response to the rising sea level in Boston, one can begin to shape an architecture of change and create a

BIONONIC ARCHITECTURE

Island Typologies â&#x20AC;&#x153;At vero eos et accusamus et iusto odio dignissimos ducimus qui blanditiis praesentium voluptatum deleniti atque corrupti quos dolores et quas molestias excepturi sint occaecati cupiditate non provident, similique sunt in culpa qui ofďŹ cia deserunt mollitia animi, id est laborum et dolorum

Skerry Rock Island System

Atoll Island System

Archipelago Island System

Barrier Island System

BIONONIC ARCHITECTURE

Shoal/Sandbar Island System

ArtiďŹ tial Island System

Tidal Marsh/ Coastal Estuary

Stack/Sea Stack

Flooding Adaptive Hydrosphere “At vero eos et accusamus et iusto odio dignissimos ducimus qui blanditiis praesentium voluptatum deleniti atque corrupti quos dolores et quas molestias excepturi sint occaecati cupiditate non provident, similique sunt in culpa qui officia deserunt mollitia animi, id est laborum et dolorum fuga. Et harum quidem rerum facilis est et expedita distinctio. Nam libero tempore, cum soluta nobis est eligendi optio cumque nihil impedit quo minus id necessitatibus saepe eveniet ut et voluptates repudiandae sint et molestiae non recusandae. et expedita distinctio. eveniet ut et voluptates repudiandae sint et molestiae non recusandae. “At vero eos et accusamus et iusto odio dignissimos ducimus qui blanditiis praesentium voluptatum deleniti atque corrupti quos dolores et quas molestias excepturi sint occaecati cupiditate non provident, similique sunt in culpa qui officia deserunt mollitia animi, id est laborum et dolorum fuga. Et harum quidem rerum facilis est et expedita distinctio. Nam libero tempore, cum soluta nobis est eligendi optio cumque nihil impedit quo minus id necessitatibus saepe eveniet ut et voluptates repudiandae sint et molestiae non recusandae. et expedita distinctio. eveniet ut et voluptates repudiandae sint et molestiae nonetrecusandae. “At vero eos accusamus et iusto odio dignissimos ducimus qui blanditiis praesentium voluptatum deleniti atque corrupti quos dolores et quas molestias excepturi sint occaecati cupiditate non provident, similique sunt in culpa qui officia deserunt mollitia animi, id est laborum et dolorum fuga. Et harum quidem rerum facilis est et expedita distinctio. Nam libero tempore, cum soluta nobis est eligendi optio cumque nihil impedit quo minus id necessitatibus saepe eveniet ut et voluptates repudiandae sint et molestiae non recusandae. et expedita distinctio. eveniet ut et voluptates repudiandae sint et molestiae non recusandae. “At vero eos et accusamus et iusto odio dignissimos ducimus qui blanditiis praesentium voluptatum deleniti atque corrupti quos dolores et quas molestias excepturi sint occaecati cupiditate non provident, similique sunt in culpa qui officia deserunt mollitia animi, id est laborum et dolorum fuga. Et harum quidem rerum facilis est et expedita distinctio. Nam libero tempore, cum soluta nobis est eligendi optio cumque nihil impedit quo minus id necessitatibus saepe eveniet ut et voluptates repudiandae sint et molestiae non recusandae. et expedita distinctio. eveniet ut et voluptates repudiandae sint et molestiae non recusandae.

BIONONIC ARCHITECTURE

Increased Atmosphere

Increased Sea Level

BIONONIC ARCHITECTURE

2- Regional Flows Intersection of built and unbuilt How can architecture become the frame through which people experience climate change in the urban realm and develop the relationship between urban forces and changing environments? Developing from the built response to the rising sea level in Boston, one can begin to shape an architecture of change and create a space where the public are left with a changed perspective on the way they inhabit the urban realm and open the conversation of a new discourse in the city of Boston. With infrastructure as the glue connecting the city fabric together, How can architecture become the frame through which people experience climate change in the urban realm and develop the relationship between urban forces and changing environments? Developing from the built response to the rising sea level in Boston, one can begin to shape an architecture of change and create a space where the public are left with a changed perspective on the way they inhabit the urban realm and open the conversation of a new discourse in the city of Boston. With infrastructure as the glue connecting the city fabric together,

BIONONIC ARCHITECTURE

“At vero eos et accusamus et iusto odio dignissimos ducimus qui blanditiis praesentium voluptatum deleniti atque corrupti quos dolores et quas molestias excepturi sint occaecati cupiditate non provident, similique sunt in culpa qui ofﬁcia deserunt mollitia animi, id est laborum et dolorum fuga. Et harum quidem rerum facilis est et expedita distinctio. Nam libero tempore, cum soluta nobis est eligendi optio cumque nihil impedit quo minus id necessitatibus saepe eveniet ut et voluptates repudiandae sint et molestiae non recusandae. et expedita distinctio. eveniet ut et voluptates “At vero eos et accusamus et iusto odio dignissimos ducimus qui blanditiis praesentium voluptatum deleniti atque corrupti quos dolores et quas molestias excepturi sint occaecati cupiditate non provident, similique sunt in culpa qui ofﬁcia deserunt mollitia animi, id est laborum et dolorum fuga. Et harum quidem

BIONONIC ARCHITECTURE

Intersection of built and unbuilt “At vero eos et accusamus et iusto odio dignissimos ducimus qui blanditiis praesentium voluptatum deleniti atque corrupti quos dolores et quas molestias excepturi sint occaecati cupiditate non provident, similique sunt in culpa qui officia deserunt mollitia animi, id est laborum et dolorum fuga. Et harum quidem rerum facilis est et expedita distinctio. Nam libero tempore, cum soluta nobis est eligendi optio cumque nihil impedit quo minus id necessitatibus saepe eveniet ut et voluptates repudiandae sint et molestiae non recusandae. et expedita distinctio. eveniet ut et voluptates repudiandae sint et molestiae non recusandae. “At vero eos et accusamus et iusto odio dignissimos ducimus qui blanditiis praesentium voluptatum deleniti atque corrupti quos dolores et quas molestias excepturi sint occaecati cupiditate non provident, similique sunt in culpa qui officia deserunt mollitia animi, id est laborum et dolorum fuga. Et harum quidem rerum facilis est et expedita distinctio. Nam libero tempore, cum soluta nobis est eligendi optio cumque nihil impedit quo minus id necessitatibus saepe eveniet ut et voluptates repudiandae sint et molestiae non recusandae. et expedita distinctio. eveniet ut et voluptates repudiandae sint et molestiae non recusandae. “At vero eos et accusamus et iusto odio dignissimos ducimus qui blanditiis praesentium voluptatum deleniti atque corrupti quos dolores et quas molestias excepturi sint occaecati cupiditate non provident, similique sunt in culpa qui officia deserunt mollitia animi, id est laborum et dolorum fuga. Et harum quidem rerum facilis est et expedita distinctio. Nam libero tempore, cum soluta nobis est eligendi optio cumque nihil impedit quo minus id necessitatibus saepe eveniet ut et voluptates repudiandae sint et molestiae non recusandae. et expedita distinctio. eveniet ut et voluptates repudiandae sint et molestiae non recusandae.

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Ocean Currents How can architecture become the frame through which people experience climate change in the urban realm and develop the relationship between urban forces and changing environments? Developing from the built response to the rising sea level in Boston, one can begin to shape an architecture of change and create a space where the public are left with a changed perspective on the way they inhabit the urban realm and open the conversation of a new discourse in the city of Boston. With infrastructure as the glue connecting the city fabric together, how can architecture be thought about in a way that redeďŹ nes the contemporary city of movement? While movement and social impacts situate themselves as drivers to the contemporary city makeup, how can individualized fragments of change with architectural response adapt the greater whole?

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‘‘Extending Guattari’s suggestion that the “ecosophic problematic” has the capacity to deﬁne a new form of human existence, we might considerthe impact of the ecological paradigm not only on ourselves and our social actions in relation to the environment, but also on the very methods of thinking that we apply to the development of the disciplines that provide the frameworks for shaping those environments.’’ -Mohsen Mostafavi, WHY ECOLOGICAL URBANISM? WHY NOW?

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Shaping of underwater topography How can architecture become the frame through which people experience climate change in the urban realm and develop the relationship between urban forces and changing environments? Developing from the built response to the rising sea level in Boston, one can begin to shape an architecture of change How can architecture become the frame through which people experience climate change in the urban realm and develop the relationship between urban forces and changing environments? Developing from the built response to the rising sea level in Boston, one can begin to shape an architecture of change

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Hurricane Paths

‘‘To my mind landscape urbanism is primarily a question of understanding how we go about changing traditional (and formerly architect-directed) urbanism. Ecological urbanism is about city-making that focuses on the landscape elements and their continuity—it’s partly about naturemaking and remaking of cities.’’ -Michael Van Valkenburgh, FASLA

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Casino Pier, Post Hurricane, 2012 ÂŠ Michael Massaia

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Urban Impact Landfill Intervention “At vero eos et accusamus et iusto odio dignissimos ducimus qui blanditiis praesentium voluptatum deleniti atque corrupti quos dolores et quas molestias excepturi sint occaecati cupiditate non provident, similique sunt in culpa qui ofﬁcia deserunt mollitia animi, id est laborum et dolorum fuga. Et harum quidem rerum facilis est et expedita distinctio. Nam libero tempore, cum soluta nobis est eligendi optio cumque nihil impedit quo minus id sandae. “At vero eos et accusamus et iusto odio dignissimos ducimus qui blanditiis praesentium voluptatum deleniti atque corrupti quos dolores et quas molestias excepturi sint occaecati cupiditate non provident, similique sunt in culpa qui ofﬁcia deserunt mollitia animi, id est laborum et dolorum fuga. Et harum quidem rerum facilis est et expedita distinctio. Nam libero tempore, cum soluta nobis est eligendi optio cumque nihil impedit quo minus id sandae.

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Wake Of Boats causing eroision

closer to realizing the ideals of theory while allowing the people to become connected to the ‘’architectural equation’’. As styles have come and gone, the communication between

BIONONIC ARCHITECTURE

closer to realizing the ideals of theory while allowing the people to become connected to the ‘’architectural equation’’. As styles have come and gone, the communication between

‘‘At vero eos et accusamus et iusto odio dignissimos ducimus qui blanditiis praesentium voluptatum deleniti atque corrupti quos dolores et quas molestias’’ excepturi sint occaecati cupiditate non provident, similique sunt’’ How can architecture become the frame through which people experience climate change in the urban realm and develop the relationship between urban forces and changing environments? Developing from the built response to the rising sea level in Boston, one can begin to shape an architecture of change and create a space where the public are left with a changed perspective on the

‘‘At vero eos et accusamus et iusto odio dignissimos ducimus qui blanditiis praesentium voluptatum deleniti atque corrupti quos dolores et closer to realizing the ideals of theory while allowing the people to become connected to the ‘’architectural equation’’. As styles have come and gone, the communication between

BIONONIC ARCHITECTURE

3- Site Selection Dynamic Ecologies

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NASA/Jeff Schmaltz, LANCE/EOSDIS Rapid Response, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center

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FALSE COLOR LANDSAT WALL PRINTS/Dan Mahr Landsat worldwide Reference System

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Boston Harbor Islands

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FALSE COLOR LANDSAT WALL PRINTS/Dan Mahr Landsat worldwide Reference System

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Survey of Existing Islands

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Map Created by National Geographic // Boston Harbor Islands National Recreation Area (National Geographic Trails Illustrated Map)

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Urban Impact Landfill Intervention Problem-solving architecture derives from the real world application of theoretical practice. In order to develop and architecture situated between construction and site, it was necessary to explore the notion of architecture as a physical manifestation of a solution. Some of the contemporary works by Danish architects such as Bjarkes Ingles and his work at BIG and the work from MRVD have been strong examples of ‘’functionalist’’ architecture. BIG defines their work as a cross between utopian and the pragmatic. As architects continue to redefine processes of design we can look at the utopian pragmatisms that Danish architecture often displays as a manifestation of looking at architecture as an equation. Deciding which problems to tackle and respond to gives architecture the ability to enhance the collective built environment through practical decisions derived from unimpeded theory information collection. BIG, MRVD, JDS, REX, and OMA, are offices that all seem to exemplify similar ideals in design, directly correlating with process and end product. BIG group lays out in the work titled Hot to Cold the ability to apply practical surrealism to

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closer to realizing the ideals of theory while allowing the people to become connected to the ‘’architectural equation’’. As styles have come and gone, the communication between

Problem-solving architecture derives from the real world application of theoretical practice. In order to develop and architecture situated between construction and site, it was necessary to explore the notion of architecture as a physical manifestation of a solution. Some of the contemporary works by Danish architects such as Bjarkes Ingles and his work at BIG and the work from MRVD have been strong examples of ‘’functionalist’’ architecture. BIG deﬁnes their work as a cross between utopian and the pragmatic. As architects continue to redeﬁne processes of

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Downtown Boston

Cambridge

Dorchester Fla

Boston 1630

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Harbor Islands

ats

Boston Harbor

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Boat Traffic and Transportation Lines How can architecture become the frame through which people experience climate change in the urban realm and develop the relationship between urban forces and changing environments? Developing from the built response to the rising sea level in Boston, one can begin to shape an architecture of change and create a space where the public are left with a changed perspective on the way they inhabit the urban realm and open the conversation of a new discourse in the city of Boston. With infrastructure as the glue connecting the city fabric together,

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Coastal Density How can architecture become the frame through which people experience climate change in the urban realm and develop the relationship between urban forces and changing environments? Developing from the built response to the rising sea level in Boston, one can begin to shape an architecture of change and create a space where the public are left with a changed perspective on the way they inhabit the urban realm and open the conversation of a new discourse in the city of Boston. With infrastructure as the glue connecting the city fabric together,

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Storm Surge Condtions Growing Concern “At vero eos et accusamus et iusto odio dignissimos ducimus qui blanditiis praesentium voluptatum deleniti atque corrupti quos dolores et quas molestias excepturi sint occaecati cupiditate non provident, similique sunt in culpa qui ofﬁcia deserunt mollitia animi, id est laborum et dolorum fuga. Et harum quidem rerum facilis est et expedita distinctio. Nam libero tempore, cum soluta nobis est eligendi optio cumque nihil impedit quo minus id necessitatibus saepe eveniet ut et voluptates repudiandae sint et molestiae non recusandae. et expedita distinctio. eveniet ut et voluptates “At vero eos et accusamus et iusto odio dignissimos ducimus qui blanditiis praesentium voluptatum deleniti atque corrupti quos dolores et quas molestias excepturi sint occaecati cupiditate non provident, similique sunt in culpa qui ofﬁcia deserunt mollitia animi, id est laborum et dolorum fuga. Et harum quidem rerum facilis est et expedita distinctio. Nam libero tempore, cum soluta nobis est eligendi optio cumque nihil impedit quo minus id necessitatibus saepe eveniet ut et voluptates repudiandae sint et molestiae non recusandae. et expedita distinctio. eveniet ut et voluptates

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PHOTOGRAPH BY BILL SIKES / AP

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NASA/ Rob Garner

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Areas Most at Risk BIONONIC ARCHITECTURE

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Topography of Boston Harbor BIONONIC ARCHITECTURE

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Tidal Scour and Island Density How can architecture become the frame through which people experience climate change in the urban realm and develop the relationship between urban forces and changing environments? Developing from the built response to the rising sea level in Boston, one can begin to shape an architecture of change and create a space where the public are left with a changed perspective on the way they inhabit the urban realm and open the conversation of a new discourse in the city of Boston. With infrastructure as the glue connecting the city fabric together,

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4- Framing of View Dynamic Ecologies

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Re-establishing a connection How can architecture become the frame through which people experience climate change in the urban realm and develop the relationship between urban forces and changing environments? Developing from the built response to the rising sea level in Boston, one can begin to shape an architecture of change and create a space where the public are left with a changed perspective on the way they inhabit the urban realm and open the conversation of a new discourse in the city of Boston. With infrastructure as the glue connecting the city fabric together, How can architecture become the frame through which people experience climate change in the urban realm and develop the relationship between urban forces and changing environments? Developing from the built response to the rising sea level in Boston, one can begin to shape an architecture of change and create a space where the public are left with a changed perspective on the way they inhabit the urban realm and open the conversation of a new discourse in the city of Boston. With infrastructure as the glue connecting the city fabric together,

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‘‘If climate change is of our own doing, how would we best adapt to it? First it is necessary to change our own minds and the minds of others on the subject. While policy and politics can help, we believe that images, design, and art will lead the way.’’ -Guy Nordenson and Catherine Seavitt, Rising Currents

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Accept How can architecture become the frame through which people experience climate change in the urban realm and develop the relationship between urban forces and changing environments? Developing from the built response to the rising sea level in Boston, one can begin to shape an

BIONONIC ARCHITECTURE

Inflect How can architecture become the frame through which people experience climate change in the urban realm and develop the relationship between urban forces and changing environments? Developing from the built response to the rising sea level in Boston, one can begin to shape an

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‘‘If climate change is of our own doing, how would we best adapt to it? First it is necessary to change our’’ -Guy Nordenson and Catherine Seavitt, Rising Currents

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Resist How can architecture become the frame through which people experience climate change in the urban realm and develop the relationship between urban forces and changing environments? Developing from the built response to the rising sea level in Boston, one can begin to shape an

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‘‘If climate change is of our own doing, how would we best adapt to it? First it is necessary to change our’’ -Guy Nordenson and Catherine Seavitt, Rising Currents

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5-Case Studies Dynamic Ecologies

CASE STUDIES

Maeslantkering/ Delta Works

Case Study- Rotterdam,Netherlands How can architecture become the frame through which people experience climate change in the urban realm and develop the relationship between urban forces and changing environments? Developing from the built response to the rising sea level in Boston, one can begin to shape an architecture of change and create a space where the public are left with a changed perspective on the way they inhabit the urban realm and open the conversation of a new discourse in the city of Boston. With infrastructure as the glue connecting the city fabric together, how can architecture be thought about in a way that redeďŹ nes the contemporary city of movement? While movement and social impacts situate themselves as drivers to the contemporary city make-up, how can individualized fragments of change with architectural response adapt the greater whole?

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‘‘FOLDING WATER’’ / kuth ranieri architects

Case Study- San Franciso, California How can architecture become the frame through which people experience climate change in the urban realm and develop the relationship between urban forces and changing environments? Developing from the built response to the rising sea level in Boston, one can begin to shape an architecture of change and create a space where the public are left with a changed perspective on the way they inhabit the urban realm and open the conversation of a new discourse in the city of Boston. With infrastructure as the glue connecting the city fabric together, how can architecture be thought about in a way that redeﬁnes the contemporary city of movement? While movement and social impacts situate themselves as drivers to the contemporary city make-up, how can individualized fragments of change with architectural response adapt the greater whole?

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Case Study- Hafencity, Hambrug How can architecture become the frame through which people experience climate change in the urban realm and develop the relationship between urban forces and changing environments? Developing from the built response to the rising sea level in Boston, one can begin to shape an architecture of change and create a space where the public are left with a changed perspective on the way they inhabit the urban realm and open the conversation of a new discourse in the city of Boston. With infrastructure as the glue connecting the city fabric together, how can architecture be thought about in a way that redeďŹ nes the contemporary city of movement? While movement and social impacts situate themselves as drivers to the contemporary city make-up, how can individualized fragments of change with architectural response adapt the greater whole?

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Case Study- New Orleans, Lousianna How can architecture become the frame through which people experience climate change in the urban realm and develop the relationship between urban forces and changing environments? Developing from the built response to the rising sea level in Boston, one can begin to shape an architecture of change and create a space where the public are left with a changed perspective on the way they inhabit the urban realm and open the conversation of a new discourse in the city of Boston. With infrastructure as the glue connecting the city fabric together, how can architecture be thought about in a way that redeďŹ nes the contemporary city of movement? While movement and social impacts situate themselves as drivers to the contemporary city make-up, how can individualized fragments of change with architectural response adapt the greater whole?

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New Orleans + Recovery Masterplan Frederic Schwartz Architects

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6-Methodology Dynamic Ecologies

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Sedimentary Collection + Reverse Tidal Scour closer to realizing the ideals of theory while allowing the people to become connected to the ‘’architectural equation’’. As styles have come and gone, the communication between

‘‘At vero eos et accusamus et iusto odio dignissimos ducimus qui blanditiis praesentium voluptatum deleniti atque corrupti quos dolores et quas molestias’’ excepturi sint occaecati cupiditate non provident, similique sunt’’ How can architecture become the frame through which people experience climate change in the urban realm and develop the relationship between urban forces and changing environments? Developing from the built response to the rising sea level in Boston, one can begin to shape an architecture of change and create a space where the public are left with a changed perspective on the

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Island as a Storm Surge buffer closer to realizing the ideals of theory while allowing the people to become connected to the ‘’architectural equation’’. As styles have come and gone, the communication between

‘‘At vero eos et accusamus et iusto odio dignissimos ducimus qui blanditiis praesentium voluptatum deleniti atque corrupti quos dolores et quas molestias’’ excepturi sint occaecati cupiditate non provident, similique sunt’’ How can architecture become the frame through which people experience climate change in the urban realm and develop the relationship between urban forces and changing environments? Developing from the built response to the rising sea level in Boston, one can begin to shape an architecture of change and create a space where the public are left with a changed perspective on the

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Communicating a Responsive Design closer to realizing the ideals of theory while allowing the people to become connected to the ‘’architectural equation’’. As styles have come and gone, the communication between

‘‘At vero eos et accusamus et iusto odio dignissimos ducimus qui blanditiis praesentium voluptatum deleniti atque corrupti quos dolores et quas molestias’’ excepturi sint occaecati cupiditate non provident, similique sunt’’ How can architecture become the frame through which people experience climate change in the urban realm and develop the relationship between urban forces and changing environments? Developing from the built response to the rising sea level in Boston, one can begin to shape an architecture of change and create a space where the public are left with a changed perspective on the

‘‘At vero eos et accusamus et iusto odio dignissimos ducimus qui blanditiis praesentium voluptatum deleniti closer to realizing the ideals of theory while allowing the people to become connected to the ‘’architectural equation’’. As styles have come and gone, the communication between

BIONONIC ARCHITECTURE

‘‘At vero eos et accusamus et iusto odio dignissimos ducimus qui blanditiis praesentium voluptatum deleniti atque corrupti quos dolores et quas molestias’’ excepturi sint occaecati cupiditate non provident, similique sunt’’ How can architecture become the frame through which people experience climate change in the urban realm and develop the relationship between urban forces and changing environments? Developing from the built response to the rising sea level in Boston, one can begin to shape an architecture of change and create a space where the public are left with a changed perspective on the

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Creating Density Dynamic Ecologies

Urban Growth

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7- Criteria Testing Dynamic Ecologies

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model Section

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FLUID MODEL TESTING

Displacement diagrams Section

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BIBLIOGRAPHY Primary Allen, Stan, and Marc McQuade, eds. Landform Building. Architecture’s New Terrain. New York,NY 10013 USA: Lars Muller Publishers, 2011. In the work by Stan Allen and Marc McQuade Landform Building claims that over time the built form has largely related to the natural world and that architecture is informed by the landscape and the un-built form. The authors use the evidence to support their claim by example and diagnosis of works around the world from different periods of time and draws relationships between the architecture and ecology. This work was intended to inform young architects that the world around you is filled with inspiration for design and to take cues from the way nature forms space. Landform Building helps being to inform the connection between the built environments and understand the way land and architecture inform and shape each other. Bergdoll, Barry. Rising Currents: Projects for New York’s Waterfront. New York : London: Museum of Modern Art : Distributed in the United States and Canada by D.A.P./Distributed Art Publishers ; Distributed outside the United States and Canada by Thames & Hudson, 2011. Bhatia, Neeraj, and Mary Casper, eds. Petropolis of Tomorrow. Rice School of Architecture. New York,NY 10013 USA: Actar Publishers, 2013. www.petopia.org. The collection of sub-essays and student works in Petropolis of Tomorrow culminates into an editor’s interpretation that architecture needs to adapt over time or risk economic failure, specifically pertaining to the impact of the fragile yet powerful oil industry. The editor uses examples of failing oilrigs and communities located in Brazil, while offering a diagnosis of urban conditions, necessities involving living under harsh conditions, and the civic impact of the oil industry in order to support his claim towards adaptation. The position taken in Petropolis of Tomorrow encourages the future development and thinking behind the oil industry, identifying some of the problems both civically and pragmatically, while laying out ideas to encourage a dialogue to begin in regard to evaluating where the impact of the current oil industry infrastructure. Petropolis of Tomorrow is a work tailored towards architects, students, urbanists as well as civic leaders. Mayne, Thom. Combinatory Urbanism: A Realignment of Complex Behavior and Collective Form. Morphosis on Urban Planning. Chicago,IL: Stray Dog Cafe, 2011. Thom Mayne creates a claim in Combinatory Urbanism that the state of contemporary architecture and urban planning is divided by rational and theoretical approaches while calling for a symbiosis of thinking to occur. Using supplementary case studies Mayne analyzes the growth of cities in comparisons around the world and breaks down the essence of urban growth. The author’s purpose in writing this work is to help bring the design communities together at the architectural scale and the urban planning scale. This work relates to my thesis in understanding of urban conditions and expansion with emphasis on cities on the water. Nordenson, Guy, Catherine Seavitt, Adam Yarinsky, Rebecca Veit, and Museum of Modern Art, eds. On the Water: Palisade Bay ; [Exhibition Rising Currents: Projects for New York’s Waterfront ; the Museum of Modern Art, New York, March 24, 2010 - August 9, 2010]. Ostfildern: Hatje Cantz [u.a.], 2010. Mayne, Thom. Combinatory Urbanism: A Realignment of Complex Behavior and Collective Form. Morphosis on Urban Planning. Chicago,IL: Stray Dog Cafe, 2011. Thom Mayne creates a claim in Combinatory Urbanism that the state of contemporary architecture and urban planning is divided by rational and theoretical approaches while calling for a symbiosis of thinking to occur. Using supplementary case studies Mayne analyzes the growth of cities in comparisons around the world and breaks down the essence of urban growth. The author’s purpose in writing this work is to help bring the design communities together at the architectural scale and the urban planning scale. This work relates to my thesis in understanding of urban

BIONONIC ARCHITECTURE

Derek Hill M. Arch dhill6579@gmail.com https://www.linkedin.com/in/derekhill1 781.706.0046