I modernism
2000- and current
Matt Lobb Desiree Riny Leigh McCarthy Chris Natanael
(De Potestad, M. and Pascal, P. 2014)
(Johnston, L. 2015)
I modernism – 2000
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Imodernism is driven movement that has come from
the influence of the industrial revolution time period, where technology advancements have grown to rapid rate which lead innovators to experiment with “ scientific and technical� approaches to design. 1.david trubridge
2.david graas
3. Zhang Zhoujie
4.Ron arad
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Various
contemporary designers and engineers produced novel forms, devices and systems to address the challenge of rapid pace and volume of work in production sites. Most modernised furniture addressed safety, efficiency and comfort fabricated in completly divese and indivual ways. 5.gaetano pesce
6.fien Muller/ Hannes Van Severen
7. Marc Newson
8.Anton Tritt
Context & Influence of fabrication SOCIAL
Growth
POLITICAL
GLOBAL
Growth
Mass Production
Climate Change
Migration
Expanding Cities
Enviromental Impact
of a global population
Limitations and restrictive spaces
Effciency /Eco-Design
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5 Technological
Technological Advancments
GLOBAL/SOCIAL
Influence movements
Production
Bauhaus & Minimalism
Diverse Methods of Fabrictions
New Materials
Digital and HandCraft
Diverse materials Metals,steel and plastic
Movement
Retaining Traditional art forms Politcal views
CLiMATE CHANGE ANd Eco Design
6 Due to the increased focus on climate change and reducing co2 emissions in most countries throughout the 2000’s this has - prompt ed a resurgence of using natural and eco friendly/sustainable materials, manufacturing processes and designs throughout the furniture field. Steering away from plastics, some designers have stepped - back ward into traditional manufactuing processes/materials -and re lating back to mothernature and using her influences in- thier de signs. None more so than david trubridge who not only sources his timber from sustainible sources locally in new zealand. but he also uses manufacturing methods discovered from his naval roots and boat building/design. using hand crafted wood not only creates very little c02 emissions but also hopefully means it will be very - du rable and live a long life cycle. Aswell as individual designers, companys such as herman miller have dedicated their designs to sustainibility and ‘closing the loop’ meaning not only do they focus on the production of the chair but the full life cycle and what happens at the end of its life cylce.
DC
“sustainable development is for me far the most intresting (and probably the most important) challenge of our time”
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(Davidcolwell.com. n.d.)
DAVID COLWELL
David Colwell is one of the Uk’s most respective designers. Trained in furniture design at the royal college of art, Da vid’s designs are not just timeless but also very sustainable. He started his series of sustainable chairs 30 years ago when it was obvious us as a human race had to take a step back and look at how we could slow climate change and change our ways. Central to all of David’s sustainible designs are 4 catego ries; Comfort - Comfort is central to all of Davids designs and his main goal is to create the chair in order to promote good pos ture when seated as he believes good posture and comfort go hand in hand. Structure - David is known to use triangular structures in order to use minimal material and have the lightest weight chair that is still able to bare the load of a human many times its own weight. Material - “When looking for appropriate materials, wood stands head and shoulders above other structural materials. Merely growing it has environmental benefits. Of hardwoods, Ash stands out above all others. It is the toughest, and re markably, is strongest when fast grown. It is self seeding. It has no sap wood so less wastage in conversion. It, together with Douglas Fir, absorbs more atmospheric carbons than any other tree”
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Production Technique - David is a steam bending enthusiast not just because of its craftsmanship challenge but its environ mental benefits.
C3 Stacking Chair
(Trubridge, D. n.d.)
dt
“in its minimalist structure it epitomizes Trubridge philosophy of designing to use the minimum amount of materials for the maximum amount of effect”
8 THE BODY RAFT
David Trubridge
David Trubridge is British Born naval architect and craftsman. Trubridge self-taught woodwork, after sailing to New Zealand in the 1980’s. Throughout his work we see this nautical influence. - Based In New Zealandhe crafted the ‘Body Raft’which was the piece that got his name out on the design scene. - The furniture piece crafted out ogf hard wood wa influnced hevail by his nautic dventures, and resembles a lot of a sailors hammock or the Moriori Waka Canoe. - The ‘Body Raft’ was exhibited in Milian, where Italian Giulio Cappellini bought it for his private collection and secured the manufaturing rights and the furniture icon was born
The Body Craft (1998. Mad e from wood. All timber is from sustainably managed plantations in either Australia, NZ, or the USA.
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David Trubridge
Design work THE LIFE RAFT A STATEMENT INDOOR BENCH, DRIVEN FROM THE ORIGINAL BODY RAFT, IT AGAIN USES BODY BUILDING TECHNIQUES AND NATURAL MATERIALS, DRAWING INSPIRATION FROM THE OUTDOORS AND HIS BACK GROUND IN NAVAL ARCHITECTURE
DANDOLA A HAND CRAFTED ROCKING OUTDOOR RECLINER OF ITALIAN INSPIRATION
(Encyclopedia.com. n.d) (Engelman, R. n.d) (Richey ,.T. 2015)
Growth
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The launch into mass production and the subsequent growth that followed all came about as a result of the Second Industrial - revolution. The second industrial revolution occurred between 1870 and 1914 where we saw the movement away hand made/ hand powered production to the more modern mechanised, automated forms of production. The Second Industrial Revolution was made possible by- newly discovered methods allowing the mass production of steel, the invention and honing of the internal combustion engine, the ability to use petroleum as a fuel and the more widespread and public availability of electricity.
ANd mASS Production
Mass production and production lines really took off at the end of the second industrial age when Henry Ford refined previous mass production line techniques leading to the success of the Ford Model T motor vehicle. The production line techniques were adopted all over the world. This idea of mass, quick production is key to Anton Tritts design of the Re:START mall. Due to change in regulations and insurance issues many buildings still today have not been demolished let alone rebuilt following the earthquake. Tritt knew this would be an issue and was influenced by the modularity and speed of production that could be achieved by using shipping containers.
At
11 “I'd like to see us think really innovatively ... some of the conventions we took for granted, we need to challenge them a bit.�
(Pegler, P. 2012) (Strongman, L. 2012)
Antton Tritt
Antton Tritt Anton is Christchurch-born and bred and lives in Opawa. As a boy, he attended Mt Pleasant Primary School, then Linwood High School. His childhood memories are a scrapbook of Christchurch images. - influence from driving past rail yard and seeing lots of shipping container also from Louis Hay (1930s?) - rebuilt Napier after 1931 earthquake. - made a shopping mall from corrugated iron that was used for 3 years before proper buildings were rebuilt - Tritt loved listening to his parents go over designs for the bach and this project sparked his love in buildings and construction. - A bach is a primitive holiday house built from recycled materials, typically without power, water or toilets. Modern ones are much bigger and a lot more fancy, have water power and toilets.
re: START Mall, Christchurch
Dg
‘i have always been intrigued by the way the whole chain of design , production and distribution of product works.’
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(Graas, D. n.d.)
David Graas
David Graas is Dutch designer that studied Product Design at the Gerrit Rietveld Academic, Amsterdam. Graas was one of the earlist pioneer of the growing movement of creating modular and adaptable furniture. - Graas work investigates the relatioship between functional objects and their users . - His motivation of designs, was to create furniture that easily accessible, efficient and on demand for users to easily assemble (effectively going by the philosophy of no-waste eco-design) - His works involve ideology rather than stylization of the embodiment of his works, philosophy to his works is to prolong the lifecycle of product within an era
Lounge Chair Lounge Chair 2009, Made from laser-cut cardboard panels, slotted together without the neeed for fixing or glue.
Dg
David Graas DONT SPILL YOUR COFFE TABLE AND THE LOUNGE CHAIR WERE SMART PIECES OF FURNITURE DESIGNED TO BE MADE ALMOST ANYWHERE, EFFIENTLY AND ON DEMAND. GRAAS CONCEPT WAS PUT INTO PRACTICE FOR AN EXHIBTION AT THE 2014 EDINBURGH INTERNATIONAL SCIENCE FESTIVAL Dont Spill Your Coffee (2007)
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Dont spill your coffee
ANd pro duction
(Johnston, L. 2015) (De Potestad, M. and Pascal, P. 2014)
Technological advancements
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Stemming off the second industrial revolution, the modern era was marked by the use of steel, heavy machinery, and mass production, however the nineteenth century lived on with the use of traditional craftsmanship.The beginning of the twentieth century most of the standard principle contemporary designers followed through in their design was the philosophy of Frank Lloyd Wright “Form and function”. Early twentieth-century engineers and inventors both merged both artistic and scientific values, by stripping of everything superfluous and designing something that was meticulous to serve a specific function. Which produced novel forms, devices and systems to address the challenge of rapid pace and volume of work in production sites – most modern furniture addresses safety, efficiency and comfort for particular users or niche market.
It became standard practice for innovators to adapted their design to suit a worker or to facilitate a specific task – explicitly making furniture adjustable, folding, stackable. Much of the twentieth-century production employed techniques that were far from removed from traditional artisanal craftsmanship. Fabrication usually consisted with the use of technological advancement such as 3D-printing, CAD-modelling and CNC-milling which have slowly evolved traditional craftsman ship of carving, casting and lathing. Which has largely evolved into producing large-scale, fast paced and high volume designs.
3d printing (Lilianvandaal.com, n.d.)
The rise of 3d printing in the recent years has bought a new dimension to manufacture includ ing furniture. furniture designs can now be made more complex, new materials can be used, and all of this without doing any manal hands on manufacturing. The 3d printer means no matter how obsurd or complex the design is, if you have the money and resources, it can be made quickly and to a high standard. Previoulsy 3d printers were limited to plastics and resins, now however new materials can be 3d printed such as; Abs, plA,epoxy resins, wAx, Silver, TitAnium And Steel. The introductuon of metal means that the strength limitation of plas tic can be over come.
Designers such as Lilian Van daal (chair bottom right) have used 3d printers to create their staple furniture. Van daal has actually managed to use the flex in the 3d printer plastic to create a structually sound chair that also gives a cui shoned feel when sitting on it due to the webbed shape allowing the chair to compress in certain areas
BIOMIMICRY
(Zhoujie, Z. n.d.)
Zz
16 “i am fascinated by the meeting point of Eastern values, future technology and the potential�
Zhang Zhoujie
Zhang Zhoujie studied at the China Academy of Art ad received an MA in indutrial Design from Central Saint Matins, London. - Zhoujie blends Chinese tradtional art perspectives, Western design methodology, digital engineering and handmade craftsmanship - Uses digital and traditional fabrications combines both techniques create a new and unique form and structure that challenges a traditional formal structure of a chair - zhoujie was motivated to produce a personalized chair that was design to exactly fit an individual seated pose.
endless forms Endless Form series of chairs was fabricatedin 2011 Shanghai China, using 3D scanned technology. The materilas used is steel, titanium and Brass.
Mn
17 ‘is known to be one of the most influential designers of his generation.’
(Newson, M. n.d.)
Marc Newson
Marc Newson is an Australian industrial designer born in sydney in 1986. Newson studied at Sydney College of the Arts. Graas was one of the earlist pioneer of the growing movement of creating modular and adaptable furniture. - Newson has run multiple successful design companies from a fine watch brand to an aerospace design consultancy
- Has run multiple successful design companies from a fine watch brand to an aerospace design - Newson is the current Creative Director at Quantas Airways. - In 2015 was awarded the GQ Man of the Year Awards: Creative Icon
A330 Business suite An innovative seat that allows the passenger to recline from take-off through to landing with a focus on practicality, comfort and privacy..
Lockheed Lounge The design was to emphasis a form that was ambiguous or as fluid. To achieve the level of precision and perfection he intended for the piece, pure sheet of aluminum was used.
(Vitra Design Museum. n.d.). (Vitra.com. n.d.) ( Howarth, D.2014)
Ra
“design has to be surprising delightful, not only for utility, which results in distinct bright colors materials of choice.�
Ron Arad
As an Israeli industrial designer, Ron Arad attended the Bezalel Academy of Art and Design and considered to be one of the most influential designers in 21st century.
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and its his and
Book worm shelf Book Worm was made in England 1993. Made from bendable PVC plastic.
- He has unique passion and curiosity about materials and cutting edge technology can be found on his creations - Arad discovered new ways of working on metal by experimenting with ites properties - This shelf was unveiled at Milan Furniture Fair in 1993. Originally this was initially designed to be made of one piece flex metal, but then mass produced with bendable PVC by Kartell of Italy.
Tom Vac Chair Create a temporary totem pole in Milan. They produce stacked of 100 chairs that later on evolved into tom vac chair. (1999) Corrugated Polypropylene & Tubular Steel Frame
Influential
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The I modernism movement is evident that the modern area has advanced in new merging technologies of fabrication which has feasibly faded out hand craftsmanship and traditional art forms of fabrications. Due to this establishment, the Bauhaus school was arised in 1919 in the city of Weimar Germany, to teach both craftsmanship and fine arts. The Bauhaus was the most influential modernist art school of the 20th century, one whose approach to teaching, and understanding art's relationship to society and technology.
Many designers in the modern area are influenced by the Bauhaus movement, which influence them to employ both uses of handcraftsmanship and digital fabrication to create designs that push the realms of possibility further and to more extraordinary ends.
MOVements
(The Art Story. n.d.)
The motivations behind the creation of the Bauhaus lay in the 19th century, in anxieties about the soullessness of manufacturing and its products, and in fears about art's loss of purpose in society. Creativity and manufacturing were drifting apart, and the Bauhaus aimed to unite them once again, rejuvenating design for everyday life.
(Muller, F. and Van Severen, H. n.d.) (Coffeeklatch. n.d.)
Mvs
20 “We create objects, because we like doing so. Everything we do, comes very naturally. We don’t follow a strategy.”
Fien Muller Hannes Van Severen
Hannes Van Severen and Fien Muller are from Ghent, Belgium. Muller is photographer and Van Severen is designer/artist Muller Van Severen are designers that Both use art and design to create a working sculpture or working visual, they design and create their furniture to be adaptable to an intended environment. - Influenced by Donaled Judd and the Bauhaus movement - Motivated into morphing furniture into micro-architectural landscapes. Furniture that is adaptable to serve a functional role and change in appearance with use. -They challenge the traditional form of art and design together as one
crossed double seat, 2012
(Severen, H. n.d.) (Yudina, A. 2015)
Mvs
21 foto fien muller ‘it uses a linear structure to create a simplest technological piece of furniture that battles with minimalism and uses it at the same time.’
Fien Muller Hannes Van Severen
(Gaetanopesce.com. n.d.) (Iconeye.com. n.d.)
Gp
UP5 & UP6 Donna “An object should express a political point of view’”
Gaetano Pesce
He is an Italian born architect and a leading figure in industrial design world. He studied architecture at the University of Venice with notable teachers, such as Carlo Scarpa and Ernesto Rogerand. - Participated in Gruppo N, an early collective concerned with programmed art patterned after the Bauhaus. - His work is characterized by inventive use of color and materials
Response to the pop art movement and resembles the idea of women, always imprisoned against her will, which is shown as the ball chained to her foot as a traditional image of a prisoner. polyurethane foam, molded, nylon jersey
cold
foam
Senza Fine Originally produced by extruding continuous beads of polyurethane in a mold into some kind of spaghetti like forms.
- Asserting connections between the individual and society, through art, architecture, and design - Connects the human interaction, emotions, and society through organic forms - Challenged excepted standards of abstraction, uniformity, and homogeneity
This materials combined with different bright color of choice really express Pesce’s exquisite style which is generally organic and expressive.
References
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The Art Story. (n.d.). Bauhaus Movement, Artists and Major Works. Retrieved from http://www.theartstory.org/movement-bauhaus.htm Bezar, K. (2009). David Trubridge is a Careful Craftsman. Retrieved from, http://www.dumbofeather.com/conversation/david-trubridge-is-a-careful-craftsman/ Coffeeklatch. (n.d.). Fien & Hannes, Creative duo. Retrieved from, http://www.coffeeklatch.be/en/interview/2012-12/31/fien-and-hannes Davidcolwell.com. (n.d.). David Colwell Design - Sustainable modern furniture. Retrieved from, http://www.davidcolwell.com/ De Potestad, M. and Pascal, P. (2014) Vintage industrial: Living with machine age design. United States: Rizzoli International Publications. Engelman, R. ( n.d). The Second Industrial Revolution, 1870-1914, U.S. History Scene . Retrieved from, http://ushistoryscene.com/author/jenni/> Encyclopedia.com. (n.d). Mass Production, Cengage Learning. Retrieved from, http://www.encyclopedia.com/topic/Mass_production.aspx> Gaetanopesce.com. (n.d.). Gaetano Pesce. Retrieved from, http://www.gaetanopesce.com/. Graas, D. (n.d.). Studio David Graas - Studio David Graas. Retrieved from, http://www.davidgraas.com/ Iconeye.com. (n.d.). Gaetano Pesce: ‘An object should express a political point of view’ - Icon Magazine. Retrieved from, http://www.iconeye.com/opinion/review/item/11795-gaetano-pesce-an-object-should-express-a-political-point-of-view.
References Howarth, D. (2014). Designers reinterpret Ron Arad's Tom Vac chair. Dezeen. Retrieved from, http://www.dezeen.com/2014/05/19/designers-reinterpret-ron-arad-tom-vac-chair/ Johnston, L. (2015) Digital handmade: Craftsmanship and the new industrial revolution. United Kingdom: Thames & Hudson. Kartell Los Angeles. (n.d.). Kartell Los Angeles. Retrieved from, https://kartellstorela.com/ron-arad/ Lilianvandaal.com. (n.d.). BIOMIMICRY: 3D printed soft seat | Lilian van Daal. Retrieved from, http://lilianvandaal.com/?portfolio=3d-printed-softseating Marieclaire.it. (n.d.). Gaetano Pesce al Padiglione Eataly. Retrieved from, http://www.marieclaire.it/Casa/Speciale-Expo-Design/Le-opere-di-Gaetano-Pesce-al-Padiglione-Eataly#2. Muller, F. and Van Severen, H. (n.d.). About us | Muller Van Severen. Mullervanseveren.be. Retrieved from, http://www.mullervanseveren.be/site/about-us/ Newson, M. (n.d.). Marc Newson Biography, Marc Newson Ltd. Retrieved from, http://marc-newson.com/marc-newson Pegler, P. (2012) Architect Anton Tritt, Fairfax Media Digital. Retrieved from, http://www.stuff.co.nz/the-press/christchurch-life/avenues/features/7172853/Architect-Anton-Tritt Richey ,.T. (2015).The Second Industrial Revolution, YouTube video. Retrived from https://youtu.be/lrudHtTI_Yk Severen, H. (n.d.). hannes van severen - artist - Hannesvanseveren.be. Retrieved from, http://www.hannesvanseveren.be/about.php
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References
Space Furniture. (n.d.). Bookworm Short Bookshelf by Ron Arad for Kartell. Retrieved from, http://www.spacefurniture.com.au/bookworm-short.html Strongman, L. (2012). Re:START Mall, Chirstchurch, Australian design review. Retrieved from, http://www.australiandesignreview.com/architecture/23596-restart-mall-christchurch Techcrunch, (2014). Marc Newson's most iconic designs, AOL Inc. Retrieved from, http://techcrunch.com/gallery/12-of-marc-newsons-most-iconic-designs/slide/12/ Trubridge, D. (n.d.). David Trubridge. Retrieved from, https://www.davidtrubridge.com/ Vitra Design Museum. (n.d.). UPS und UP6, Donna - Pesce. Retrieved from, http://www.design-museum.de/en/collection/100-masterpieces/detailseiten/ups-und-up6-donna-pesce.html Vitra.com. (n.d.). Vitra | Ron Arad. Retrieved from, https://www.vitra.com/en-au/corporation/designer/details/ron-arad Yudina, A. (2015) Furnitecture: Furniture that transforms space. United Kingdom: Thames & Hudson. Zhoujie, Z. (n.d.). zhang zhoujie. Retrieved from, http://www.zhangzhoujie.com/
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