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Why ‘Zoom Judaism’ will Fade, and Synagogues will Thrive
What will Jewish life be post-pandemic?
Jews will run back to the synagogue. They will not drift back; they will run back. Yes, adjustments will be made: The Jewish communal world will rethink the need for large facilities and will reduce infrastructure costs. Digital tools will be more important.
Synagogue and JCC memberships will be somewhat smaller. And Zoom worship will remain a fixture for those who need it (Virtual worship has made the synagogue more accessible, and that is a blessing).
During the pandemic, the Jewish community needed to be more resourceful — and it was. We needed to make use of technology in a sophisticated way, and we did. As a result, our Judaism is more hybrid, inclusive and creative.
But what we have learned, more than anything else, is how much we miss tactile, face-to-face Judaism. Zoom Judaism is wonderfully convenient, but alas, it is also, ultimately, religiously unfulfilling and terribly isolating.
And precisely because some of what we have been doing during the pandemic will be permanent — many, many Jews will spend more time working at home — not 5 days a week but 2 or 3 days a week — the in-person dimension of synagogue life will become that much more important.
The communal aspect of the synagogue is the beating heart of our Jewish experience. Absent community, Judaism survives barely, if at all; our ritual is barren, our worship withers, and we struggle to study Torah. Better death than solitude, the rabbis teach — o chavruta, o mituta.
This is hardly a new insight, of course, but in the last half century, it is something that has become more and more apparent. Most American Jews no longer live in Jewish neighborhoods. They no longer have grandparents who live down the block and who are there for Jewish holidays and for babysitting.
In this new American reality, despite endless moaning about the inadequacies of congregations, the synagogue has become more important than ever. It is there that Jews find the community that they have been missing, help in raising their children, and the sense of holiness that community fosters.
Eric Yoffie
And the pandemic, interestingly, has made us appreciate the synagogue in ways that we did not before. We see now more clearly than before that it is the synagogue that enables us to find religious support in a lonely world.
It is often the only place that always cares about you as an individual and where, if you are not there, someone misses you. It is the one place where no one suffers alone or grieves alone.
COURTESY OF BRANDEIS
LIMITATIONS OF ‘VIRTUAL’
But community cannot truly flourish if it is virtual. It cannot, no matter how many times experts tell you it can.
We know this from the data: four in 10 U.S. adults had developed symptoms of depression or anxiety by the end of 2020, the year of doing things online. According to the UCLA Loneliness Scale (which is the gold standard of such things), 61% of Americans are measurably lonely. No matter how many Zoom sessions we may have, virtual experiences leave us isolated, and isolation is not our natural state.
The net can offer information, novelty, a variety of fleeting attachments and an outlet for passionate political opinions. But it cannot offer meaningful friendship, real community or vibrant and authentic Judaism.
And we know this too from Martin Buber. In the mid-20th century, he presciently warned us to beware of television, computers and technological aids when we thought about how to educate the young and pass on Judaism to others.
Such things, he said, could convey information, but the essence of Jewish education and transmission is the direct bond between teacher and student and what one person learns from another.
What all this means is that when the pandemic is over, the synagogue, if it seizes the opportunity, will thrive as never before. It will be uniquely positioned to offer a Judaism that will be desperately needed and personally transformative, built on faceto-face encounters.
God insisted on meeting with Moses panim el panim, face to face. And if Jews of the synagogue wish to retrieve the Jewish soul from oblivion and unveil life’s fundamental holiness, they will do as God did — practicing Judaism face to face, and not on the screen.
Eric Yoffie is the former president of the Union for Reform Judaism (1996 to 2012). This essay was first published by Brandeis University.
in the news
Students’ Minyan Looks at Increase in Participation
Growing up, Reena Zuckerman, class of ’23, loved to read from the Torah, the first five books of the Hebrew Bible. She did it the first time at her bat mitzvah and continues still today. At Brandeis, Zuckerman joined Shira Chadasha (“new song” in Hebrew). The student-led community at Hillel is Orthodox, but unlike standard Orthodox congregations, it permits women to read from the Torah scroll during services and lead parts of religious services.
“I’m definitely part of a generation of women who are able to do more during davening [praying] than in other generations,” Zuckerman said.
Students started Shira Chadasha in partnership with Brandeis Hillel in 2004. They were inspired by two similar congregations founded only a few years before, one in Jerusalem, the other in New York City.
They are all part of a loose network of what are referred to as partnership minyans, Orthodox worship communities that welcome a more expansive role for women than in standard Orthodox Judaism, which follows the proscriptions against female participation in services laid out in Jewish law.
Today, there are more than 80 partnership minyans around the world, including the one Zuckerman attended in Cambridge, Mass., growing up, Minyan Tehillah.
In addition to hosting Shira Chadasha, Brandeis Hillel also hosts services for Reform, Conservative and Reconstructionist Judaism, all of which are egalitarian. There is also a standard Orthodox
Penny service at Hillel, where Jewish Schwartz Brandeis law is followed more strictly, University and women’s roles are more limited. Shira Chadasha offers Friday night and Shabbat afternoon or evening services once a month. In addition to reading from the Torah and reciting the
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Robert & Nancy, David & Elise and Mark & Lillian Schostak Continue the Family’s Legacy of Support Through the Centennial Fund
Robert, David and Mark Schostak often share a recollection about their grandfather, Louis, who arrived in Detroit over 100 years ago. “In those days, the local rabbis used to come to his office, and they never left without a check or some other sort of tzedakah.” That tradition was carried on by their father, Jerry, and his wife, Elyse, who were also extremely philanthropic and had a particular focus on Jewish education. As the third generation of Schostaks, the brothers—together with their wives Nancy, Elise and Lillian—remain committed to maintaining the family’s close connection to Jewish Detroit, instilling it in their children, grandchildren and future generations. “Our family has a saying that charity begins at home,” they say, “and home means the Jewish community. This community has been very good to us, and we want to do everything that we can to support it.”
The Schostaks continue their family’s long history of support with a commitment to the Centennial Fund, the central endowment vehicle for the community’s future. They are directing their gift toward PACE (Perpetual Annual Campaign Endowment), which will grow the family PACE Fund established with their father and Elyse. “We recognize that the needs and objectives will change over time,” they say, “whether it be in support for the elderly, food insecurity or other areas. This Fund will allow future leaders to have the resources they need to take care of the community.” As a family with five generations of Jewish Detroiters, the Schostaks remain believers in a strong, tightknit community. “We’re committed to Jewish values, customs and traditions, and we know that the Centennial Fund will help ensure the strength of Jewish Detroit long into the future.”
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analysis
Ida Nudel: An Inspiration for Future Generations
The heroes of our generation are slipping away. And unless you were among the fortunate few to have gone to meet them in the former Soviet Union during the decades from 1970s to the 1990s, you probably don’t know about those Jewish heroes and heroines whose actions defined moral courage and stamina in the face of relentless
Pamela Braun government persecution. But for those Americans
Cohen who did travel to the JNS USSR, meeting with Jewish refuseniks, who were refused the right to emigrate, had a profound impact on them. Just ask anyone who ever met Ida Nudel.
With her death in Jerusalem just before Yom Kippur at age 90, another megasymbol of the Soviet Jewish emigration movement has left us.
Instead of allowing Ida’s life to lapse into forgetfulness, we must learn from her because what she did in Moscow serves as a model for generations.
Ida was a tiny woman who stood tall against the Kremlin and the fearsome KGB security apparatus empowered to persecute and intimidate by any means Jews intent on leaving the USSR.
What she did during her struggle for a visa to emigrate makes her a symbol of resistance for the ages.
While fighting for her own visa, she championed the desperate situation of refuseniks who had been arrested and sentenced to prison and forced labor camps for their emigration activity.
A ‘GUARDIAN ANGEL’
For the prisoners of Zion, she was their “Guardian Angel,” their “Mama.”
Her efforts for them were often at personal risk. She went on a hunger strike to protest an arrest. She collected goods for parcels she sent to prisoners filled with goods we sent with Western tourists.
The packages she sent passed inspection of prison guards and included items like children’s gummy vitamins (which appeared to be candy), white chocolate, warm underwear and the 3-D postcards the guards favored. She wrote to them and their families, advocated on their behalf to Soviet officials and American congressmen who came to Moscow to meet with refuseniks and dissidents. Never did she let those prisoners of Zion feel they were alone.
Finally, eight long years after she first applied to emigrate, in 1978, still denied the right to leave, she hung a sign in her apartment reading “KGB, give me my visa to Israel.” She was dragged away and, like some of the Jewish prisoners she was defending, sentenced to four years of exile in the brutal reaches of Siberia. The only woman in the barracks, she was condemned to reside with the crudest, roughest of Russian lowlife convicts, sleeping with a knife under her pillow.
Never did we at the Union of Councils for Soviet Jews let Ida Nudel think she was alone.
We enlisted women’s groups and congressional wives in her struggle. We took her cause to the White House, U.S. State Department and Congress. We designated International Woman’s Day as Ida Nudel Day and sent her flowers by way of protest to the Soviet embassy. When a refusenik who visited her in Siberia brought back the report that she was suffering in the Siberian winter, I sent a tourist to Moscow with my new sheepskin coat in his suitcase. It went from Chicago to Moscow, and from Moscow, it traveled thousands of kilometers to Ida in the frozen steppes of Siberia.
After 16 years of struggle, Ida Nudel was finally given permission to leave in 1987. She was one of the celebrity refuseniks that Mikhail Gorbachev gave as a gesture before his upcoming summit with Ronald Reagan. Undersecretary of State for Human Rights and Humanitarian Affairs Ambassador Richard Schifter’s eyes filled with tears when she called from Jerusalem to tell him, “I’m home.”
A refusenik pariah under relentless KGB surveillance and intimidation, this tiny woman exerted her moral freedom by taking responsibility for doing good in a country governed by evil. In doing so, she earned the love and respect of the Soviet Jewish Prisoners of Zion, as well as highpowered names such as U.S. Secretary of State George Shultz, actress Jane Fonda, billionaire Armand Hammer and, of course, those of us in the West and Israel who met her and worked on her behalf.
May the courageous moral freedom to exert responsibility even when surrounded by evil be the legacy that Ida Nudel bequeaths to all of us and our children.
Ida Nudel arriving in Israel in 1987.
WIKIMEDIA COMMONS/ISRAEL GOVERNMENT PRESS OFFICE/JTA
Pamela Braun Cohen was the national president of the Union of Councils for Soviet Jews (UCSJ). She is the author of “Hidden Heroes: One Woman’s Story of Resistance and Rescue in the Soviet Union.”
continued from page 6 mourner’s prayer (kaddish), women can lead certain parts of the Friday night and Saturday services.
Portions of a service that under Jewish law require a minyan, a quorum of 10 adult men, are still only performed by men at Shira Chadasha.
Men and women are separated using a mechitzah, or divider, down the middle of the room. There’s no separation of the sexes during social gatherings outside services.
There are also Shira Chadasha-sponsored social gatherings and educational events.
Last year, due to COVID19 restrictions, the group hosted a Zoom ice-breaker for students of all Jewish denominations to meet and a virtual Chanukah party featuring an online game of dreidel that raised money for charity.
Zuckerman, who serves on the board of Shira Chadasha as its vice president, is particularly moved by the community’s Kabbalat Shabbat, a service on Friday night that joyfully welcomes in the start of the Sabbath with the singing of psalms.
Among the psalms is Lechah Dodi, a hymn that greets the Sabbath queen, a Kabbalistic tradition that dates back to a 16th-century poet.
In fact, the Kabbalat Shabbats are so spirited, they attract non-Orthodox students.
Edward Friedman ’22 was raised Conservative but joined Shira Chadasha, he said, because of the “openness and passion that came from the members. You could tell people really cared.”
Friedman said that at first, he was taken aback by the division of sexes during services. But in time, he said he came to appreciate the mechitzah, a multicolor cloth of purple, blue and white, as enhancing the spirituality of the service.
“The mechitzah is really pretty,” he said. “It does not feel like it’s meant to isolate.”
As a sophomore, Friedman volunteered for the board and helped with marketing to attract more students.
Some students, like Matt Shapiro ’24, move back and forth between standard Orthodox services at Hillel and Shira Chadasha’s.
“I agree with a lot of Shira Chadasha’s beliefs about having more participation for women,” Shapiro said.
But he also grew up practicing standard Orthodox Judaism and likes that style of service as well.
“The abundance of options at Hillel lets people find the right fit,” Shapiro said. But in the end, he added, “we are part of the same community.”
Penny Schwartz is a journalist writing on Jewish subjects and the arts. First published by Brandeis University
Correction
In the article about Rabbi Aaron Bergman being presented with an honorary doctorate from JTS (Sept. 30, page 21) it should have said that Rabbi Bergman is the past president of the Michigan Board of Rabbis. As of spring 2021, Rabbi Daniel Schwartz of Temple Shir Shalom is the president.
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PURELY COMMENTARY
commentary BDS Proves Once Again that It’s All About the Antisemitism
Irish novelist Sally Rooney thinks that she’s an advocate for human rights, and that prejudice and hate have nothing to do with her work or her various political stands. As far as Ben Cohen and Jerry Greenfield — the Ben and Jerry
Jonathan Tobin who founded the eponymous ice-cream brand — are concerned, they are among the nation’s foremost progressives. The pair believe that they are righteous advocates for social justice.
Yet despite their well-advertised good intentions and enormous self-regard, Rooney, Cohen and Greenfield are promoting hatred against Jews. What makes it so infuriating is that none of them — and others who also support the BDS movement that targets Israel — are honest enough to own up to the consequences of their actions. By refusing to acknowledge that backing a movement that seeks Israel’s destruction is itself inherently antisemitic, they are not only in denial about what they are doing but demonstrating the way contemporary intellectual fashions on the left are enabling hatred that singles out Jews.
Rooney’s case is pretty straightforward, despite her attempts to cling to the illusion that she has the moral high ground.
The novelist, whose third book, Beautiful World, Where Are You, has just been released, has told the Israeli publishing house that handled her two previous works of fiction that she would not allow them to put out the new one. According to the company, Modan Publishing, she told them that she wasn’t interested in having her book published in Hebrew or in Israel. Subsequently, she said that prompted by a libelous report put out by Human Rights Watch that falsely labeled Israel as an “apartheid state,” she supported the BDS movement, which calls for an end to all commerce and contacts with the Jewish state.
BOYCOTTING ISRAEL
She told the New York Times in an email that while she had nothing against having her writing appear in Hebrew, “I simply do not feel it would be right for me under the present circumstances to accept a new contract with an Israeli company that does not publicly distance itself from apartheid and support the U.N.-stipulated rights of the Palestinian people.” In a further clarification, she said she was “responding to the call from Palestinian civil society” and expressing solidarity with “their struggle for freedom, justice and equality.”
Two things about her position need to be understood clearly.
One is that the goal of BDS isn’t to adjust Israel’s policies toward the West Bank and Hamas terrorist state in Gaza or to advocate for Palestinian independence as part of a two-state solution. Its aim is the eradication of Israel, the one Jewish state on the planet. The talk about apartheid isn’t merely a distortion of the anomalous situation in the territories where Palestinians have repeatedly rejected peace offers; it’s their false description of life inside the only democracy in the Middle East.
As the Guardian reported, Rooney was one of many literary types who signed a “letter against apartheid” published in May which spoke of 1948 (and not 1967, when Israel came into possession of the West Bank as part of a defensive war) as the beginning of “Israeli settler colonial rule” and referred to Israel’s attempts to defend its citizens — Jew and Arab alike — against more than 4,000 terrorist rockets and missiles fired from Hamas in the Gaza Strip as a “massacre of Palestinians.” Simply put, the letter is not only a compendium of anti-Israel lies and antisemitic stereotypes but incompatible with any notion of peace that doesn’t involve Israel’s destruction.
That means that in order to comply with Rooney’s definition of an Israeli company that distances itself from “apartheid,” they would have to join that call for their nation’s elimination.
Somewhat more subtle but no less damning was Cohen and Greenfield’s explanation for the partial boycott of Israel that is being carried out by the company they founded but subsequently sold to the Unilever Corporation.
In an interview with Axios broadcast on HBO, the pair sought to defend the decision of the woke independent board that they insisted on putting in place when they sold their company. They consider the decision to drop their Israeli partner and ban the sale of its products in parts of Jerusalem illegally occupied by Jordan from 1949 to 1967, as well as in the West Bank, to be a protest against what they claim are Israel’s illegal policies.
But when Axios reporter Alexi McCammond asked them why they thought it was right to boycott Israel but not other places whose policies they disagree with, the pair were stumped.
McCammond wanted to know why they weren’t halting the sale of ice cream in Texas, which has passed a law against abortion after a fetal heartbeat is detected and which all progressives oppose. She also asked why they weren’t boycotting the state of Georgia, which has an election integrity law that liberals blasted and that motivated Major League Baseball to move its 2021 All-
SCREENSHOT
Irish author Sally Rooney.
Star Game from Atlanta to Denver.
The answer to these queries was stunned silence followed by a nervous laugh. As Axios reported: “I don’t know,” Cohen said with a laugh. “It’s an interesting question. I don’t know what that would accomplish. We’re working on those issues, of voting rights … I think you ask a really good question. And I think I’d have to sit down and think about it for a bit.”
When he was pressed about Texas and the new abortion laws, he replied “by that reasoning, we should not sell any ice cream anywhere. I’ve got issues with what’s being done in almost every state and country.”
Of course, Ben & Jerry’s isn’t going to stop selling its products in Texas and Georgia. Virtue-signaling their support for environmentalism and other fashionable leftist causes has proven profitable for their company. They’re not going to endanger their bottom line by pulling out of areas where they make big money.
It’s no accident that Israel is the country that is always singled out by so-called human-rights advocates for its alleged crimes even though other nations, which are actually tyrannies, get ignored. Israel is the only nation in the world that has spawned a worldwide movement that aims at its destruction. Only Jews and Jewish rights are treated in this manner, which is to say that BDS, in whatever form it takes, is, like anti-Zionism itself — inherently antisemitic. And the fact that some Jews, like Cohen and Greenfield, or groups with Jewish names like Jewish Voice for Peace, which promotes antisemitic blood libels, support it doesn’t give them a pass for a movement that targets their own people for hate and discrimination.
That’s why laws being pushed in states all around the country to punish those companies that engage in discriminatory commercial conduct against Israel and Jews are not only not a violation of free speech but desperately needed.
In much of the mainstream media and polite liberal society, BDS is still treated like a legitimate protest rather than antisemitism. The growing acceptance of critical race theory and intersectionality is part of the reason for this since those toxic ideas provide a permission slip to antisemitism so long as it is cloaked in the rhetoric of the left.
But the actions of people like Rooney and Ben & Jerry’s rip the veil from this subterfuge. Those who think that only Israel’s efforts to defend itself against the Palestinian war on its existence or to assert Jewish rights are the most intolerable acts happening anywhere on the planet mustn’t be allowed to pose as do-gooders.
Whether actively or passively, they are complicit in a hate campaign with an antisemitic goal that essentially justifies terrorist violence. Those who engage in such despicable behavior deserve the same opprobrium and boycotts that they would use against Israel and the Jews.
Jonathan S. Tobin is editor in chief of JNS — Jewish News Syndicate. Follow him on Twitter at: @jonathans_tobin.
Bring
Danny Home!
Journalist Danny Fenster in Yangon, Myanmar, prior to his imprisonment.
The Detroit Jewish News urges the community to continue raising awareness for Huntington Woods native Danny Fenster — a journalist who has been unjustly held without cause and without specified charges for 151 days
by a military regime in a gruesome prison in Myanmar (Burma).
The family is looking for people to create portraits of Danny that can be shared on social media at https://bringdannyhome.com/pages/gallery.
