Environment Assessment of 2226 Building in Brisbane

Environmental Assessment of 2226 Building

Location - Brisbane - Australia

Architect - Baumschlager Eberle Architekten

Introduction

This six- storey ofce building with a total height of 24M has a square-ish plan (24Mx24M) has centrally located structural core walls forming a pinwheel conguration that divides the internal spaces. The architect Baumschlager Eberle design strategies have helped in reducing the dependency on external source of heating and cooling. Also, with minimum elements within the building it helps in reducing the require costly maintenance and technical servicing.

External walls are constructed with two layers of Clay block, each 38cm thick, and are rendered externally with slaked lime and plastered internally with lime cement. The Triple glazing windows are set to align on the inner edge of the wall, accentuating the depth of the masonry and reducing solar heat input.

Roof Construction

Masonry wall construction

1 - External plaster has 8mm slaked lime plaster & 12mm lime cement plaster

2 - 380mm Clay Block — Porotherm Ziegel with 18mm mortar in between another 380mm Clay Block

3- Internal Plaster had 15mm lime cement plaster ground & 5mm lime-smoothed off

Triple Glass construction

The Glass is located on the inner edge of the wall so that some of the direct sun rays can be avoided. The void between the Glass and External wall act as a Buffer.

The at roof has a classical superstructure made up of sealing foil, 30 to 40 centimetres of Styrofoam tapered insulation and a gravel layer, and the shutter vents in the facade have vacuum insulation panels on the inside and thus the most efcient system that the insulation branch currently has to offer.

Lustenau , which is located on the Northern-Hemisphere Austrian Swiss border in the county of Voralberg, the building stands in a warm, humid, continental climate. The region has an average temperature of 9.1°C and the temperature average varies over the year between -0.79 and 18.4 C. Whereas Brisbane is located in the southern hemisphere and has a Sub-tropical climate. The Change in the location of the building would need changes in material of the building.

Lustenau is located in the northern hemisphere, the sun has a tilt to the south as it travels from east to west. During the summer months (June-August) the sun is at a higher altitude and is directly overhead at 12 noon and during the winter months (November-March) the sun angle is much lower and is in the south.

Figure - 1 Sunpath of Lustenau on 1st July

Figure - 2 Sunpath of Brisbane on 1st July

Whereas, for Brisbane being in the southern hemisphere the sun has a tilt to the north as it travels from east to west. During the summer months (January-April) the sun is at a higher altitude and is directly overhead at 12 noon and during the winter months (June-September) the sun angle is much lower and is in the north.

Figure - 6 Wind Velocity of Lustenau in wet Seasons

Building Analysis

April To September

The predominant wind directions are from the east, northeast, west and southwest with an average wind speed of 5m/s with the relative humidity at 80-90%.

5278.87

September To April

The predominant wind directions during the dry season is from the north and west with average wind speed being 4m/s with the relative humidity at 50%.

September To April

The wind direction that are predominant yearround is mostly from the south-west, north-east and southwest. The average wind speeds range from 4-6 m/s.

852.48

3153.75 Window 3756.12

852.48

30050.26 Ventilation 0 Total loss 38665.09 Occupants 0 Lighting 0 Appliances 1555.2 Net Heat loss 37109.89 Table - 1 Net heat loss in Lustenau On comparing the total heat loss of both the location, it is much clear that the heat loss is more in Lustenau. The possible reason for this would be the temperature differences the weather here is mostly below 10 degree for more than six month. Most of the time the heat generated from the appliances helps in generating heat during cold days, but some time they need to rely on articial heating.

Table - 2 Net Heat loss in Brisbane

Table - 3 Net heat loss in Lustenau

Table - 4 Net Heat loss in Brisbane

On comparing the total heat loss of both the location, it is much clear that the heat loss is more in Lustenau. The possible reason for this would be the temperature differences the weather here is mostly below 10 degree for more than six month. Most of the time the heat generated from the appliances helps in generating heat during cold days, but some time they need to rely on articial heating.

The building relies largely on daylight that increases the visual and comfortable conditions to increase productivity. Energy efcient articial light compensates for the absence of daylight in the evening and night.

But through the analysis it can be concluded that the major heat gain in both the locations is through the external facade and especially through window openings. And ventilator play an important role in regulating internal temperature

Due to xed Windows used in the building, the natural ventilation is only possible through the ventilator that is controlled by sensors.

The Size of ventilators works in managing the heat gain in lustenau whereas it doesn't in Brisbane.

The possible solution would be either to change the Orientation of the building so that the heat gain can be reduced through the fascde or increase the size of the ventilator. Figure - 9 Original Size of Window & Ventilator

Figure

Material Figure - 3 External Glazing & Brick Detail

Figure - 5 Comparative Climatic analysis of Brisbane & lustenau

Figure - 4 Section Indicating the heat gain and Internal Ventilation

Figure 7 Wind Velocity of Lustenau in Summers

Figure - 8 Wind Velocity of Brisbane in Summer Season

Figure - 3 One Sided ventilation

In the existing strategy maximum heat gain through the external envelope is control with the help of small ventilators that are designed alongside the window which helps in regulating the internal temperature. Moreover internal planning of positioning stairwells and toilet block helps to divide the internal space into 4 zone which further helps the building in achieving the cross-ventilation as seen in gure - 1,2&3.

Design Assumptions

288 people inside (48/oor) in ofce environment doing moderate activity (130W / person).

Energy efcient lighting at l.6W/m2 (with abundant daylight).

Various ofce appliances: l.5W/m2.

Space is occupied during the Ofce hours on weekdays (9Am - 5PM), allowing night-time ventilation to cool internal mass in hot climates/weather/summer.

Air Changes/ Hour: 0.5.

For Base Cooling Analysis - this system is used

Design Goal

Targeted Indoor Operative temperature = 22°C to 26°C throughout the year

Energy saving Fixtures to be used to reduce the energy consumption.

Reducing the heat loss & gain from the external envelope.

Finding the alternative source of energy & adapting it to generate energyNatural sources such as sun & wind

Using sustainable materials that can be recycle or Material sourced from local market.

Proposed Strategy for 2226 - Changing the orientation of the Building (New Option)

Comparative Analysis of Base & New Option

Figure - 4 Orientation of the Building (Base Option)

Figure - 5 Orientation of the Building New Option)

Brisbane being in the southern hemisphere the sun has a tilt to the north as it travels from east to west. During the summer months (October - March) the sun is at a higher altitude and is directly overhead at 12 noon and during the winter months (April - September) the sun angle is much lower and is in the north. Due to this, base option of building orientation which is facing North & South receives direct radiation from sun . This exposes the northern facade of the building as seen in Figure 4. This orientation expose large portion of the northern envelope, which increased the heat gain. So to cut down the heat from the wall, a suggestive solution is to change the orientation of the building, which would help the building to cut down the heat gain from the external envelope & aid natural ventilation , which would improve the indoor air circulation

Figure - 6 Summer Design Week Analysis (Base Option)

Figure - 7 Summer Design Week Analysis (New Option)

The average indoor operative daily temperature during summer peek week ranges for the base option 30.67 to 29.45 , where as for the new °C°C option it ranges from 29.3 to 27.98 °C°C.By changing the orientation it had helped the building to reduce the indoor operative by 2°C, this was aided due to reducing the exposure of external envelope & improved cross air circulation based of the wind direction.

Figure - 7 Winter Design Week Analysis (Base Option)

Figure - 8 Winter Design Week Analysis (New Option)

On comparing both the option it could be concluded that the indoor operative temperature during winter peak week 22.5 to 21.95 °C°C. These ranges are within the targeted indoor operative temperature. The possible reason for the building to adapt would be the materials used in the external envelope, glazing and the roong system have help to prevent the heat loss.

Daylight Analysis (Uniform Cloudy Sky)

The sun-path in Brisbane is mostly in the north and its travels from east to west. This allows less day light to penetrate within the envelope of the building as seen in Figure - 4 & 5 . The building design has equal proportion of ventilator and window to the external wall .This further aids in better coverage of daylight to pass through.

So for the base option, It is observed that the ground oor has better daylight penetration in comparison with the other oors. It is also observed that the inner core of the building would be dependant mostly on the articial lighting for all the prospective oors. Also the recessed window in the existing design further reduce the light penetration within the building.

The New option allows more sunlight to penetrate through the area which is directly exposed that is the northern & southern edge of the building, whereas the inner side of the external wall relatively receives less amount of sunlight as seen in Figure -5. It is also observed that the ground oor receives more daylight in comparison with the other oors. Also in this option the inner core is also dependant upon the articial sunlight.

In conclusion the new strategy would help in increasing the daylight penetration in the building, but for the inner core area it would be dependant upon the articial lights. These articial light if replaced with the energy saving xture that controls indoor lighting with the help of light sensors would help in reducing the energy required for articial lighting.

Comfort analysis (With Natural Ventilation)

2226 Building I Design Analysis - Brisbane

Internal Air Circulation Analysis

From the Previous studies it can be concluded that the outdoor temperature and wind speed collectively plays an important roles in regulating the indoor operative temperature. So, to analyse the effect of these two on regulating the indoor temperature, simulation have been run on different levels of both the options to study the effectiveness of natural ventilation in controlling the indoor temperature . A simulation is done on the two option on 17th Feb 3:00PM .

Heat Transfer Analysis

This simulation was done to analyse the heat transfer between the external envelope of the building and the internal. For this study materials such as wall, windows, roof & lighting system are take into consideration. A comparative graph shown in gure 7 & 8 would examine the heat transfer rate during the peek week of summer & winter.

Figure - 7 Heat Transfer Analysis for Summer Design Week

Figure

Figure - 5 Air Flow Simulations for New Option - Second Floor

Figure - 3 Air Flow Simulations for Base Option - Fifth Floor

The wind direction in Brisbane is s mostly from the south-west, north-east and south-west. With the help of these wind & cross ventilation the building have managed to in regulating indoor temperature. As seen from the above gures -1,2,3,4,5,6 ,the indoor temperature on the peek summer week have been reduced by 2°C in the New Option. As the change in the orientation of building have allowed better ow of wind ,Which helped in improving the crossventilation.

Figure - 8 Heat Transfer Analysis for Winter Design Week

From the gure 7 & 8 it is evident that the through general lighting is more heat is gained in compared with the others. This heat gain is more in both Summers & winter , these heat gain can be reduced by using light xtures with low heat transmission & low energy consumption. Other than this, the heat gain through window is more in both Summer & winter. But during summers the heat gain through the new option is bit than through the base option, where as in winters the heat gain through new option is more than the base option. This means that the new option have helped in reducing the heat gain during summers,& increase the heat gain during winter ,when heat is required.

It is also observed that lot of heat is lost, in both summers & winters through wall. This can be reduced by changing the insulation material in the external wall. The new option have would require new materials for the roong system & material, as the heat transfer in both summer & winter is more than the base option.

Energy Analysis

This simulation was done to analyse total yearly energy requirement for heating cooling , room electricity & indoor lighting of both the options. Since, the building was not able to reach the targeted indoor temperature ,so CAV Air cooled chiller system were used for the energy requirement for heating & cooling in both the options.

Figure - 9 Total Energy Consumed in Base Option (yearly)

Figure - 10 Total Energy Consumed in New Option (yearly)

From the Figure 9 & 10 it evident that the energy consumption is less in new option in comparison with the base option. Overall , 5% energy is saved using the new option. In both the option the energy required fro the lighting were the most.

In conclusion, the new option have helped in reducing the overall energy consumption & the indoor operative temperature of the building .But it materials hack in reducing the heat transfer rate ,due to which the dependancy on the HVAC system is increased. More energy efcient hvac & indoor lighting system need to be installed to further reduce the energy requirement. In terms of lighting, smart lighting system would be required to reduce the consumption of energy with the hep of sensors. Since Brisbane receives got amount of sunlight throughout the year, so solar panels could be installed to reduce the energy required from the grid.

Figure

2226 Building I Material Analysis - New Option

From the Previous Analysis, it can be concluded that the new option was more efcient in terms of saving energy and maintaining the indoor operative temperature. Still, this new strategy was not able to meet the targeted 22°C to 26°C Range of indoor operative temperature. It was also observed that lot of heat was lost and gained through the external envelope .This could be one of the reason for building not meeting the requirements. So following exploration is done by comparing the material used in the new option with suggestive new materials used for External wall, Window, Roof & the energy Equipment for cooling and lighting. Also, to reduce the consumption from the grip the option for photovoltaic cells on roof top is also considered.

Material Analysis - External Wall

1 - External plaster has 8mm slaked lime plaster & 12mm lime cement plaster C=0.8W/mK

2 - 380mm Clay Block C=0.136W/mK

3 - 100mm Standard Insulation C=0.04W/mK

4 - 380mm Clay Block C=0.136W/mK

5 - 15MM Gypsum Plastering C=0.4W/mK U-Value - 0.120 W/m2k

Figure - 9 New Option (Existing Material used for wall construction)

1 - External plaster has 8mm slaked lime plaster & 12mm lime cement plaster C=0.8W/mK

2 - 200MM Concrete Blocks C=2.3W/mK

3 - 200mm Polyurethane Insulation

C=0.028W/mK

4 - 200mm Clay Block C=0.136W/mK

5 - 200mm Polyurethane Insulation C=0.028W/mK

6 - 15MM Gypsum Plastering C=0.4W/mK U-Value - 0.051 W/m2k

Figure - 3 Suggestive Option - 02 Material used for wall construction

Material Analysis - Roof

1 - 200mm Precast Concrete Slab (dense)

C=1.4W/mK

2 - 380mm EPS Expanded Polystyrene

C=0.4W/mK

3 200mm Air Gap R=0.18m2K/W

4 13mm Plasterboard C=0.25W/mK

U-Value - 0.100 W/m2k

Figure - 7 New Option (Existing Material used for Roof Slab construction)

1 - 110mm Green Roof C=0.35W/mK

2 - 40mm Vapour Control R=1.5m2K/W

3 - 200mm Precast Concrete Slab (dense)

C=1.4W/mK

4 - 380mm EPS Expanded Polystyrene

C=0.4W/mK

5 - 200mm Air Gap R=0.18m2K/W

6- 13mm Plasterboard C=0.25W/mK

U-Value - 0.085 W/m2k

Material Analysis - External Glazing

36MM

1 - 3mm Clear Glass

2 - 13mm Air Gas

3 - 3mm Clear Glass 4 - 13mm Air Gas

5 - 3mm Clear Glass

S.H.G.C - 0.5

Light Transmission - 0.744

U-Value - 0.70 W/m2k

58MM Triple Glazing Argon/Air Filled Glass

1 - 6mm Clear Glass

2 - 10mm Argon Gas

3 - 6mm Clear Glass

4 - 30mm Air Gas

5 - 6mm Clear Glass

S.H.G.C - 0.604

Light Transmission - 0.696

U-Value - 0.604 W/m2k

Figure

1 - External plaster has 8mm slaked lime plaster & 12mm lime cement plaster C=0.8W/mK

2 - 380mm Clay Block C=0.136W/mK

3 - 100mm Polyurethane Insulation C=0.028W/mK

4 - 100mm Polyurethane Insulation C=0.028W/mK

5 - 230mm Clay Block C=0.136W/mK

6 - 15MM Gypsum Plastering C=0.4W/mK U-Value - 0.073 W/m2k

1 - 20MM lime & cement plaster C=0.8W/mK

2 - 300MM Thermoplan Block M270 R=4.285m2K/W

3 - 100mm Polyurethane Insulation C=0.028W/mK

4 - 200MM Thermoplan Block M270 R=4.285m2K/W

5 - 150mm Polyurethane Insulation C=0.028W/mK

6 - 15MM Perlite Plastering C=0.05W/mK

U-Value - 0.050 W/m2k

Figure - 4 Suggestive Option - 03 Material used for wall construction

1 - 20mm Thermoplan Membrane R=1.5m2K/W

2 - 120mm Flat Board Insulation R=7m2K/W

3 - 40mm Vapour Control R=1.5m2K/W

4 - 200mm Precast Concrete Slab (dense)

C=1.4W/mK

5 - 380mm EPS Expanded Polystyrene C=0.4W/mK

6 - 200mm Air Gap R=0.18m2K/W

7- 13mm Plasterboard C=0.25W/mK

U-Value - 0.049 W/m2k

Figure - 8 Suggestive Option - 01 Material used for Roof Slab construction

1 - 40mm Vapour Control R=1.5m2K/W

2 - 200mm Aerated Concrete Slab C=0.16W/mK

3 - 300mm Insulation Polystyrene C=0.028W/mK

4 - 200mm Air Gap R=0.18m2K/W

5- 15mm Gypsum Insulating Plaster C=0.18W/mK

U-Value - 0.062 W/m2k

Figure - 5 Heat Transfer Analysis of wall construction (Summer Week) Figure - 6 Heat Transfer Analysis of wall construction (Winter Week)

Building losses heat through the external wall, as see in the gure 5 & 6. This Heat lost might be benecial during the summers but during winter heat is required to maintain indoor temperature. Improving the insulation of the external would help in preventing these heat loss.

On comparing different materials with the base material for the summer peek week as seen in the gure 5 ,it can be concluded that option 03 material has help the building to prevent heat loss. This is due to material used which has low conductively value and also it was observed that for better performance of material the inner side of the wall insulation should be thicker than the external wall.

From the gure - 06 it is observed that none of the material could reduce the heat loss to nearly zero during the winter peek week. But option-02 & option -03 had a better performance in terms of preventing heat lost in comparison with the other materials. But the Option - 03 material would be the best t as the component of this option are eco-friendly materials in comparison with the others.

After comparing heat transfer analysis of both summer & winter peek week, It can be concluded that option -03 would improve the performance of the building.

36MM Triple Glazing Low-E Argon Filled Glass

1 - 3mm Clear Glass

2 - 13mm Argon Gas

3 - 3mm Clear Glass

4 - 13mm Argon Gas 5 - 3mm Clear Glass

S.H.G.C - 0.470

Light Transmission - 0.661

U-Value - 0.786 W/m2k

58MM Triple Glazing Argon/Air Filled Glass

1 - 6mm Bronze Glass 2 - 13mm Air Gas 3 - 1mm Coated Poly -44 4 - 13mm Air Gas 5 - 6mm Clear Glass

S.H.G.C - 0.198

Light Transmission 0.22

U-Value - 1.192 W/m2k

Figure - 11 Heat Transfer Analysis of Roof Slab construction (Summer Week) Figure - 12 Heat Transfer Analysis of Roof Slab construction (Winter Week)

The Base material used fro the roof slab construction had help the building to prevent heat loss, but the outer material which is precast concrete slab is uninsulated as seen in Figure - 7 and directly exposed to the sun, which allow the heat to penetrate and increase the indoor room temperature. During winter peek week it is essential that the materials used in the building prevents heat loss. By comparing all the options as seen in gure12 it can be concluded that option - 01& 02 has a better performance than others. While option-2 would require water to maintain the green layer & if these layers are not maintained than they might cause to damage the rood slab.

As seen in the gure -11 the option -01 has a better performance in controlling the heat gain through roof. In Brisbane the sun is mostly in the north and its travels from east to west. This exposes the roof to receive direction radiation from sun, And in this scenario during summers the heat gain through roof is reduced with the help of materials used in option-01.

So it can be concluded for the roof slab option - 01would help in preventing the heat loss & gain throughout the year.

Figure - 17 Heat Transfer Analysis of External Glazing (Summer Week) Figure - 18 Heat Transfer Analysis of External Glazing (Winter Week)

In most of the ofce building the maximum heat gain is through the external glazing. Now-a-days glazing systems such as one used in the base option of building helps to prevent the heat gain. It is essential before selecting any glazing system that the solar transmission rate is less and the light transmission rate is more.

As seen in the gure 17 & 18 ,the heat gain through the external glazing is reduced with the help of option-03, this is due to the low Solar transmission rate of the materials used in this glazing system. But for this material the light transmission rate is also less in comparison with other option, this would limit the daylight and would increase the dependancy on the articial lighting. From the previous analysis it is observed hat for this building the energy requirement for internal lighting is more than heating & cooling. So thus option would increase the energy required for the lighting, due to this reason option -01 would be the preferred glazing system to be used in the building.

In Conclusion , the performance of the building would be improved by using the suggestive materials like For external wall - Option 03, External Roof slab - Option 01 & External glazing - Option 01

- 2 Suggestive Option - 01 Material used for wall construction

Figure - 9 Suggestive Option - 02 Material used for Roof Slab construction Figure - 10 Suggestive Option - 03 Material used for Roof Slab construction

2226 Building I Material Analysis - New Option

Energy Analysis - HVAC System

A HVAC system is introduced to the modied building, due to the building's inability to achieve the desired comfort level (Operative temperature between 22°C and 26°C. The building was simulated on an ofce occupancy and on a working hour schedule that is Mon to Fri ( 9Am to 5Pm). However, though the desired comfort levels are achieved, it is important to conduct an energy analysis between different HVAC systems to identify the most energy efcient one.

For this simulation following system are used based on their function & energy requirements -

Base Option - CAV Air Cooled Chiller Systems Option 01 - System VAV Dual Duct Water-Cooled Chiller Option 02 - Chilled Ceiling Air Cooled Chiller Option 03 Cooled Beam System

Analysis of New Option

Based on the previous studies, the materials used in the New Option are replaced with the suggestive new materials ,HVAC System & Energy Saving Appliances.

Following Materials are Used for the New Option - For External wall - 20MM lime & cement plaster , 300MM Thermoplan Block M270 ,100mm Polyurethane Insulation, 200MM Thermoplan Block M270, 150mm Polyurethane Insulation & 15MM Perlite Plastering. For Roof slab - 20mm Thermoplan Membrane ,120mm Flat Board Insulation, 40mm Vapour Control 200mm Precast Concrete Slab (dense), 380mm EPS Expanded Polystyrene, 200mm Air Gap & 13mm Plasterboard . For External glazing - 36MM Triple Glazing Low-E Argon Filled Glass. The Current HVAC System is Relaced with Chilled Ceiling Air Cooled Chiller System & the lighting xtures are replaced with more energy efcient LED sensor based lighting system. Also, Solar Panels are installed on the roof Slab Covering 50% area of roof to generate power from the natural source.

Comfort analysis of New Option (With Natural Ventilation)

Figure - 1 Energy Analysis (Summer Week)

Figure - 2 Energy Analysis (Winter Week)

From the results obtained above it is clear that the Chilled Ceiling Air Cooled chiller system uses the least amount of energy during the peek week load of summers & winters. The nal determining factor for the project would be based on the installation costs of the system and whether or not they are suitable for a commercial space. Even though Chilled Ceiling Air Cooled chiller system is easy to install & maintain , requires less ducting area thus increasing the room Height. Other systems that were investigated include a CAV Air Cooled system, VAV Dual Duct System & Cooled Beam System these system but these systems energy requirement was more in compared to Chilled Ceiling Air Cooled chiller system.

Energy Analysis - Lighting System

A simulation is Conducted on the base option which uses lighting equipments with energy requirements of 5W/m2-Lux & the Option-01 that uses the LED sensor based lighting system. These simulation are run during the peek week of summer & winter to nd the most efcient lighting system.

Figure - 3 Lighting System Analysis (Summer Week)

Figure - 4 Lighting System Analysis (Winter Week)

After replacing the current lighting system with the more energy efcient LED sensor based lighting system with its energy requirement of 1.5W/m2-Lux. The over all energy consumption have been reduced down by 91% for the summer peek week & 86% during the winters. It can also be observed that for the base option, since there were no daylight sensor installed ,so the energy required is constant throughout the week whereas in the option-01 its varying.

Energy Production - Solar Photovoltaic Panels

The optimal angle of solar panels varies throughout the year. Since the sun in Brisbane travels from east to west through North, so to get the best performance out of photovoltaic panels, it has been faced them north at the 28angle .So that the panel receives as much sunlight as possible at this time. The best angle for the solar panel also depends on solar azimuth angle. Its best performance are during the summer months (when there is the most sunlight), so the current photovoltaic panels is angled at 28 Degree. But varying these angles throughout the year, would benet by having the optimum performance from the solar system all of the time

Figure - 9 Summer Design Week Analysis (New Option)

Figure - 10 Winter Design Week Analysis (New Option)

From the Comfort Analysis it is evident that the new materials have helped to improve the building performance. In the summer peek week analysis it was observed that the average daily temperature ranged from 24.69°C to 28.31°C.Though these temperature range still doesn't meet the required temperature range of 22°C to 26°C. Still the overall power consumption for cooling would be less than required in the base option. For the winter peek week analysis ,the daily average indoor temperature was in the range of 23.22°C to 24.14°C,these temperature range is within the desired temperature range of 22°C to 26°C,So it can be concluded that this building doesn't required any external heating.

Heat Transfer analysis of Base & New Option

Figure - 11 Heat Transfer Analysis (Yearly)

Heat Transfer analysis of Base & New Option

Figure - 5 Solar Panel Angle at 4 degree (Winters)

Figure - 6 Solar Panel Angle at 28 degree (Summers)

Figure - 7 Solar Panel Angle at 52 degree (Autumn)

Figure - 8 Solar Panel 450W 22.5% Efciency

For the New Option ,50 % of the roof is used for installing these solar panels and the reset area is left for accommodating the services like HVAC system,

Figure 12 Energy required for the base Option (Yearly) Figure - 13 Energy required for the New Option (Yearly)

With the adoption of new strategy, the energy consumption of the building has been reduced signicantly. These reduction are not only through the use of energy efcient appliance but also due to the reduction in heat gain & loss of the building, as seen in gure-11. With Solar Panels the building is now self sufcient in generating energy.

In comparison, with the base model the new option has improve the energy performance of the building, it was observed that there was 66.74% reduction in the demand of electricity. This reduction in overall consumption was due to 72% saving in Lighting requirement,64% saving in cooling requirement &100% saving in the heating requirement as the new option doesn't require any external heating. With the help of Solar PV Panels, an excess of 20.69% energy was produced of total energy required from new option. These excess energy can either be stored or supplied back to the grid. This means that the Building is self-sufcient in generating its own power and does not require to depend upon the external power supply.

Ref No. Title

Man - 1 Man - 2 Man - 3 Man - 4 Man - 5 Man - 6 Man - 7

Management Total

Green Star Accredited Professional

Commissioning Clauses Building Tuning

Independent Commissioning Agent Building Users' Guide

Environmental Management Waste Management

Indoor Environment Quality

Ref No. Title Ref No.

IEQ - 1 IEQ - 2 IEQ - 3 IEQ - 4 IEQ - 5 IEQ - 6 IEQ - 7 IEQ - 8 IEQ - 9 IEQ - 10 IEQ - 11 IEQ - 12 IEQ - 13 IEQ - 14 IEQ - 15 IEQ - 16

Indoor

Materials

Ventilation Rates

Air Change Effectiveness

Carbon Dioxide Monitoring and Control Daylight Daylight Glare Control

High Frequency Ballasts

Electric Lighting Levels

External Views

Thermal Comfort

Individual Comfort Control

Hazardous Materials

Internal Noise Levels

Volatile Organic Compounds

Formaldehyde Minimisation Mould Prevention Tenant Exhaust Riser

Ref No. Title Ref No.

Mat - 1 Mat - 3 Mat - 4 Mat - 5 Mat - 6 Mat - 7 Mat - 9 Mat - 10

Recycling Waste Storage

Reused Materials

Shell & core Fit Out Concrete Steel PVC Design For Disassembly De materialization

2/2 1/1 2/2 3/3 2/2 2/2 1/1 1/1

Materials Total 14/14

Transport

Ref No. Title Ref No.

Tra - 1 Tra - 2 Tra - 3 Tra - 4

Provision of Car Parking Fuel - Efcient Transport Cyclist Facilities Commuting Mass Transport

2/2 1/1 3/3 5/5

Transport Total 11/11

Total Points 47

Conclusion

To Summarize, the new option that is changing the orientation of the building along with changing the external materials, Lighting xtures & HVAC System have help the building to save around 66.74% of the energy required. Also, installation of Solar Panels resulted in Building producing an excess of 20.69% of energy than the total energy required for the building. The Building was not able to receive the targeted indoor temperature of Below 26°C during summers peek week but in winter peek week the indoor temperature was above the 22°C. It was also observed that the indoor temperature during summer peek was reduced by 4°C than the base option.

Since not all green star categories are applicable to the focus of this investigation they have been disregarded in the calculations. It is possible to achieve a higher rating through further investigation into the other ve categories: energy, emissions, water, land & ecology, and energy.