Name: ______________________________ Chaperone: __________________________ Group #: ____ Auditorium Row: ____
Bus #: ___
Meeting Place: Carousel! Time: 5:15pm Assessment Date: Thursday, May 26th 100pts. Packet Due: Tonight When You Get of the Bus Give to Chaperone
Great Adventure Physics Trip 2011
Packet Expectations 1. Include equation when necessary 2. Use correct scientific units 3. Include units on all numbers, not just answers. 4. Show all calculations 5. Round all final answers to tenths.
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HELPFUL TERMS AND FORMULAS Circumference of a Circle:
C = 2πr
where r is the radius of the circle
π = 3.14 Centripetal Force:
FC=mv2/r
Speed:
Speed = Distance Time
Acceleration:
where m is mass. v is velocity and r is radius
a = vf - vi time
where vf is the final velocity and vi is the initial velocity
Work:
W = Force x Distance = Weight x Height (distance)
Power:
The number of joules of work done in one second. P= W/t W=work, t= time
Potential Energy:
PE = mgh where m is the mass in kg, g is the force of gravity 9.8 m/s/s, h is the height in meters
Kinetic Energy:
KE = ½ mv2
where m is mass and v is velocity
Proportion for Converting m/s to mph: 1 meter = 2.23 miles Second hour Mass of one person: Weight:
w = mg
Use 70 kg where m is mass and g is the gravitational acceleration (9.8 m/s/s)
ROUND ALL FINAL ANSWERS TO THE NEAREST TENTH.
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BATMAN THE RIDE
GREAT AMERICAN SCREAM MACHINE
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ROLLING THUNDER
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Activity One: KINGDA KA (Energy: Potential & Kinetic) **Note: If Kingda Ka is not operational, then do this activity with The Buccaneer
Purpose: Compare the potential and kinetic energy of the spectacular coaster, Kingda Ka. The ride launches from standing and then travels up over a “top hat” that is 130m (425ft) tall. 1.
Warm Up Questions a. What is potential energy? b. What is the equation for potential energy? c. Where is the ride at the greatest height? d. Where does the rider have the greatest potential energy and why? e. What is kinetic energy? f. What is the equation for kinetic energy? g. At what point does the ride reach its greatest velocity? h. Where does the rider have the greatest kinetic energy and why?
2.
Watch the ride in action. You will graph the change in potential and kinetic energy of the ride from start to finish. You will not be graphing actual data points. a. Label the axes. (Hint: Time goes on the “x” axis and energy on the “y” axis.) b. Make a dashed line to represent potential energy. c. Make a solid line to represent kinetic energy.
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Activity Two: THE CAROUSEL (Circular Motion) Purpose: Compare the velocity of riders on the outer circle to riders on the inner circle and to determine the centripetal force on each. Problem: Do riders travel at the same velocity on all of the horses? Is the same amount of force acting on each rider?
Materials: timer, calculator Procedure: 1. Your experiment is to determine the velocity and centripetal force of a rider on the outer circle versus one on the inner circle. a. What is velocity? b. What is centripetal force? What is the equation? c. Do inner and outer riders complete a revolution in the same period of time? d. Predict: How do you think the velocity of a rider on the outer circle will compare to that of a rider on the inner circle. Explain your reasoning.
e. Predict: How do you think the centripetal force acting on a rider on the outer circle will compare with that acting on a rider on the inner circle? Explain your reasoning.
f. Calculate the circumference of the outer circle—the radius is 4.9m.
g. Calculate the circumference of the inner circle—the radius is 3.4m Continued ďƒ 6
Activity Two – THE CAROUSEL (cont.) 2. Discuss with your group a procedure you could follow to determine the velocity and centripetal force of an inner-circle rider vs. outer-circle rider. Assume that the mass of a rider is 70kg. Discuss until everyone is in agreement, and remember that good experiments have repeated trials. 3. Create a data table below with proper titles and labels to hold the data from your experiment.
4. Conduct the experiment and fill in your data table. 5. Convert the velocity of each rider into miles per hour by multiplying m/s by 2.24.
6. How does the velocity of the riders on the inner circle compare with the velocity of the riders on the outer circle? Explain why this is.
7. Calculate the centripetal force on each rider.
8. How does the centripetal force acting on the inner circle riders compare with the centripetal force acting on the outer circle riders? Explain.
9. Were you accelerating as you traveled on the Carousel? Explain. Were the forces acting on you balanced or unbalanced? 7
Activity Three: The Basics of Speed (Speed) You do not need to ride the roller coaster to do this activity. Purpose: Compare the speed of the car/boat at various places on the ride. Directions: Complete the chart below for The Log Flume and one other roller coaster.
Time to come down the slide or largest hill from the top. (sec) Length of slide or hill (m) Determine the average speed for the boats or train cars as they travel down the largest hill or slide (m/s). Is the boat/train’s average speed the same as its speed at the very bottom of the hill/slide? Explain How could you determine the speed of the boat/train at the very bottom of the hill/slide where it is going the fastest? Determine the speed of the boat/train at the very bottom of the hill/slide (m/s).
Log Flume
Batman
Boat Length: 3.5m
Car Length: 10m
Length of Slide: 25m
Length of Hill: 67m
25
67
Great American Scream Machine Train Length: 18m Length of Hill: 82m
82
Rolling Thunder Train Length: 22m Length of Hill: 61m
61
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Activity Three: The Basics of Speed—Log Flume Questions 1. Why is there water on the slide and not just at the bottom?
2. Where on the ride do the riders lunge forward? Explain why this happens.
3. Calculate the acceleration from the top of the slide to the bottom of the slide—assume a starting velocity of 0m/s.
4. Sketch the slide and splash zone below and label the following: a. Any point where velocity is constant b. Any point where acceleration occurs c. Any point where forces are unbalanced d. Any point where forces are balanced SKETCH HERE:
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Activity Four: Roller Coasters—Work, Power and Energy (Work, Power & Energy) Purpose: Apply the concepts of work, power and energy to a roller coaster. Directions: Complete calculations and questions for the Batman ride and one other roller coaster. Batman Mass of a Rider (kg)
70
Great American Scream Machine 70
Rolling Thunder 70
Time for the car to reach the top of the first hill (sec) Work the motors do on a single rider to get them to the top of the first hill (J) Power of motor to get one rider to the top of the first hill (J) 1.
In terms of work, what is the advantage for the Great Adventure staff by having you climb the steps to get up to the Batman ride?
2.
On which type of hill does a motor have to exert more force, a steep hill or a shallow one? Why?
3.
The power of a motor indicates how much work it can do per second. If the time to go uphill were shorter, what would happen to the power needed?
4.
Where on the ride do you have the most gravitational potential energy? The least? Explain.
5.
Why do some people think it makes a ride more exciting to have a longer first hill?
6.
Where on the ride do you have the greatest velocity? Continued ďƒ 10
Activity Four: Roller Coasters (cont.) 7.
Where on the ride do you have the most kinetic energy? How do you know?
8.
Describe the way potential and kinetic energy are exchanged as the ride progresses.
9.
Why is the first hill of a roller coaster always the highest?
10.
Did you ever feel as you were lifting out of your seat? Where and why? (Use the word “inertia� in your explanation.)
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HELPFUL TERMS AND FORMULAS
Circular Motion: Motion motion in a circle Student Mass: 70kg
Student Weight: 686N
Units meters (m)
Definition Length of the line from the center to any point on the edge
Equation d/2
meters (m)
Length of the line through the center of a circle from side to side
2xr
Circumference (C)
meters (m)
Distance around outside
C= 2πr
Period (T)
seconds (s)
Time for one cycle of motion to be completed
Radius (r) Diameter (d)
π = 3.14 r = radius
USEFUL CONVERSIONS
1000 meters (m) = 1 kilometer (km) 9.8 N = 2.2 lbs 1 meter (m) = 3.28 feet (ft) Term
Force (F) Balanced Forces
Units Newtons (N)
Centripetal Force (Fc) Centrifugal Force
Fc
kilograms (kg)
FAKE force felt by a person moving in a circle that makes them feel as if they are flying away from the center when in reality they’re just moving in a straight line centri: center -fugal: fearing -Tendency of an object to remain in motion or at rest -Sluggishness of an object -Related to mass -Amount of matter in an object -Measure of an object’s inertia -NOT weight
Newtons (N)
Inertia Mass (m) Weight (w)
Definition -A push or pull -Causes an object to accelerate: speed up, slow down, or change directions. 9.8N = 2.2lbs -When all forces acting on an object are equal -The object doesn’t move or remains traveling at a steady speed -When all the forces acting on an object are not equal -The object will accelerate (speed up, slow down, change direction) in the direction of the strongest force A force that fights against motion that is always present 9.8N = 2.2lbs Force that makes an object move in a circle—it acts toward the center of the circle centri- center -petal: loving
Unbalanced Forces Friction
0.6 miles (mi) = 1 kilometer (km) 746 watts (W) = 1 horsepower (hp) 1 kilogram (kg) = 2.2 pounds (lbs)
Newtons (N)
Force of attraction between the mass of an object and the Earth’s mass 9.8 N = 2.2lbs
Equation
Fc = m·v2/r
w = mg
g = 9.8 m = mass
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MOTION: MOTION A change in position over time Term
Speed (s) Velocity (v) Acceleration (a)
Units meters per second (m/s) meters per second (m/s) meters per second per second (m/s2)
Definition Distance traveled per unit of time How fast something moves Distance traveled per unit of time including direction Speed + direction Change in velocity over a period of time Speeding up, slowing down or changing direction Unbalanced forces cause acceleration
Equation
s = d/t v = d/t
d = distance (m) t = time (s)
a = vf - vi t
a = acceleration (m/s2) vf = final (ending) velocity (m/s) vi = initial (starting) velocity (m/s) t = time elapsed (s)
Newton’s Laws of Motion First Law (law of inertia): an object in motion will stay in motion; an object at rest will stay at rest until acted on by an outside force
Second Law: F = ma A small mass acted on by a force will accelerate more quickly than a large mass acted on by the same force. F = force (N) m = mass (kg) a = acceleration (m/s/s*)
*[m/s2]
Third Law: for every action force there is an equal and opposite reaction force Energy: the ability to do work; something that an object HAS Term
Work (W)
Units joule (J)
Power (P)
Newtonmeters (N·m) watts (w)
Potential Energy (PE)
joules (J)
Kinetic Energy (KE)
joules (J)
Definition Distance an object moves times the force needed to move it VERTICAL: Weight x Height HORIZONTAL: Force x Distance Amount of work done per unit of time (how quickly work is done)
Equation
Info
W=Fxd F = force (N) d = distance (m)
P=Fxd t
1 hp = 746 w
Energy an object has due to position (usually height) Something an object HAS
PE = mgh
Work and PE are basically the same thing—work to lift it to that height IS its PE
Energy of motion—a moving object has KE
KE = mv2 2
F = force (N) d = distance (m) t = time (s)
m = mass (kg) g = 9.8 h = height (m)
m = mass (kg) v = velocity (m/s)
An object with height has gravitational potential energy Once it begins to move that energy is changed into kinetic energy
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