Late Edition Today, clouds giving way to sunshine, windy, high 61. Tonight, partly cloudy, breezy, low 43. Tomorrow, lots of sunshine, breezy, mild, high 56. Weather map is on Page C8.
VOL. CLXVI . . . No. 57,530
© 2017 The New York Times Company
$2.50
NEW YORK, WEDNESDAY, MARCH 8, 2017
Documents Said to Reveal Hacking Secrets of C.I.A. WikiLeaks Exposes Tools That Agency May Have Used on Smartphones and TVs This article is by Scott Shane, Matthew Rosenberg and Andrew W. Lehren.
ARIS MESSINIS/AGENCE FRANCE-PRESSE — GETTY IMAGES
Advancing Into Western Mosul Iraqi forces seized government offices and a museum on Tuesday in fierce fighting to take the city from the Islamic State. Page A6.
G.O.P. HEALTH BILL Trump’s Wiretap Claim? ‘Above My Pay Grade’ MEETS A REVOLT WHITE HOUSE MEMO
Doubts Abound in Party on Fast-Tracked Plan By JENNIFER STEINHAUER
WASHINGTON — After seven years of waiting longingly to annul President Barack Obama’s signature health care law, Republican leaders on Tuesday faced a sudden revolt from the right that threatened their proposal to remake the American health care system. The much-anticipated House plan to repeal the Affordable Care Act also drew skepticism from some of the party’s more moderate members, whose constituents have benefited from expanded coverage in recent years. The criticism came even before lawmakers knew the cost of the replacement plan and how many people might lose their health care if it were enacted. House Republicans were rushing the legSenator Mike islation through Lee wants a two powerful full repeal. committees — Ways and Means, and Energy and Commerce — with the hope of a full House vote next week, an extraordinarily compressed time frame considering that the legislation affects many parts of the United States economy and could alter the health care of millions of Americans. But the swift opposition from fellow Republicans signaled that they might have to drastically reconsider their approach, and the White House portrayed the bill as a work in progress. If more than a dozen House Republicans defect, the bill will be in jeopardy, with Continued on Page A14 TAX CREDITS Analysts say the
G.O.P. health plan may be unaffordable for millions. PAGE A15 CLIMATE SKEPTICS The E.P.A.’s
chief is stocking agency offices with like minds. PAGE A17
By GLENN THRUSH and MAGGIE HABERMAN
WASHINGTON — President Trump has no regrets. His staff has no defense. After weeks of assailing reporters and critics in diligent defense of their boss, Mr. Trump’s team has been uncharacteristically muted this week when pressed about his explosive — and so far proof-free — Twitter posts on Saturday accusing President Barack Obama of tapping phones in Trump Tower
during the 2016 campaign. The accusation — and the F.B.I. director, James B. Comey, and the former national intelligence director, James R. Clapper Jr., emphatically deny that any such wiretap was requested or issued — constitutes one of the most consequential accusations made by one president against another in American history. So for Mr. Trump’s allies inside the West Wing and beyond, the tweetstorm spawned the mother of all messaging migraines. Over the past few days, they have executed what amounts to a
strategic political retreat — trying to publicly validate Mr. Trump’s suspicions without overtly endorsing a claim some of them believe might have been generated by Breitbart News and other far-right outlets. “No, that’s above my pay grade,” said Sean Spicer, the White House press secretary and a feisty Trump loyalist, when asked on Tuesday at an on-camera briefing if he had seen any evidence to back up Mr. Trump’s accusation. The reporters kept at him, but Mr. Spicer pointedly and Continued on Page A15
WASHINGTON — In what appears to be the largest leak of C.I.A. documents in history, WikiLeaks released on Tuesday thousands of pages describing sophisticated software tools and techniques used by the agency to break into smartphones, computers and even Internet-connected televisions. The documents amount to a detailed, highly technical catalog of tools. They include instructions for compromising a wide range of common computer tools for use in spying: the online calling service Skype; Wi-Fi networks; documents in PDF format; and even commercial antivirus programs of the kind used by millions of people to protect their computers. A program called Wrecking Crew explains how to crash a targeted computer, and another tells how to steal passwords using the autocomplete function on Internet Explorer. Other programs were called CrunchyLimeSkies, ElderPiggy, AngerQuake and McNugget. The document dump was the latest coup for the antisecrecy organization and a serious blow to the C.I.A., which uses its hacking abilities to carry out espionage against foreign targets. The initial release, which WikiLeaks said was only the first installment in a larger collection of secret C.I.A. material, included 7,818 web pages with 943 attach-
ments, many of them partly redacted by WikiLeaks editors to avoid disclosing the actual code for cyberweapons. The entire archive of C.I.A. material consists of several hundred million lines of computer code, the group claimed. In one revelation that may especially trouble the tech world if confirmed, WikiLeaks said that the C.I.A. and allied intelligence services have managed to compromise both Apple and Android smartphones, allowing their officers to bypass the encryption on popular services such as Signal, WhatsApp and Telegram. According to WikiLeaks, government hackers can penetrate smartphones and collect “audio and message traffic before encryption is applied.” Unlike the National Security Agency documents Edward J. Snowden gave to journalists in 2013, they do not include examples of how the tools have been used against actual foreign targets. That could limit the damage of the leak to national security. But the breach was highly embarrassing for an agency that depends on secrecy. Robert M. Chesney, a specialist in national security law at the University of Texas at Austin, likened the C.I.A. trove to National Security Agency hacking tools disclosed last year by a group calling itself the Shadow Brokers. “If this is true, it says that N.S.A. isn’t the only one with an Continued on Page A10
PERSONAL RISKS Revelations about C.I.A. hacking pose questions about the vulnerability of smartphones and other devices. PAGE A10 ASSESSING THE FALLOUT Trust among federal intelligence agencies
and Silicon Valley is dealt another serious blow. PAGE A10
Korea Tensions Present Trump With Early Test
A New Player In Dutch Vote: American Cash
This article is by David E. Sanger, Choe Sang-Hun, Chris Buckley and Michael R. Gordon.
By DANNY HAKIM and CHRISTOPHER F. SCHUETZE
When the United States began deploying a missile defense system in South Korea this week, it was to protect an ally long threatened by North Korean provocations. But it was instantly met by angry Chinese warnings that the United States is setting off a new arms race in a region already on edge over the North’s drive to build a nuclear arsenal. China condemned the new antimissile system as a dangerous opening move in what it called America’s grand strategy to set up similar defenses across Asia, threatening to tilt the balance of power there against Beijing. The tensions are testing the new Trump administration and its uneasy allies South Korea and Japan, which have complained for years that China has simultaneously chastised and coddled the North, refusing to enact stiff enough measures to force it to abandon its nuclear and missile programs. But with the beginning of work to install the antimissile system, the delicate international cooperation against North Korea is splintering: Beijing is expressing more concern about American intentions in the region than about the Continued on Page A8
TODD HEISLER/THE NEW YORK TIMES
A family traveling from Champlain, N.Y., was arrested last month but hoped for asylum in Canada.
Migrants Use Quiet Road as Offramp From U.S. By RICK ROJAS
CHAMPLAIN, N.Y. — Roxham Road is a quiet country road jutting off another quiet country road, where a couple of horses munch on soggy hay and a ditch running along the muddy pavement flows with melted snow. It cuts through a thicket of dormant trees, passing a half-dozen trailer homes, and after almost a mile runs into a line of boulders and a rusted railing with a sign: Road Closed.
Chris Crowningshiele has been driving a cab, on and off, for 30 years in this rural corner of upstate New York known as the North Country. He lives south of here in Plattsburgh, and his fares usually come from ferrying students from a state university there or picking up shoppers at a Walmart in his gray minivan. But in recent weeks, riders have been asking him — two, three, sometimes as many as seven times a day — to bring them to the end of Roxham Road.
He is carrying them on the last leg of their journey out of the United States. Just on the other side of that sign is Canada. Border officials and aid workers there say there has been a surge in people illegally crossing from the United States in the months since President Trump was elected, many of them natives of Muslim countries making bids for asylum. Roxham Road, just a brief detour from a major border crossing on Interstate 87, has become one of the Continued on Page A21
AMSTERDAM — The parochial world of Dutch elections is not often seen as a hotbed of foreign intrigue. But in recent months, an unexpected worry has emerged: the influence of American money. The country’s fast-rising farright leader, Geert Wilders, is getting help from American conservatives attracted to his anti-European Union and anti-Islam views. David Horowitz, an American right-wing activist, has contributed roughly $150,000 to Mr. Wilders’s Party for Freedom over two years — of which nearly $120,000 came in 2015, making it the largest individual contribution in the Dutch political system that year, according to recently released records. By American standards, the amount is a pittance. But to some Dutch, who are already fearful of possible Russian meddling in the election, the American involvement is an assault on national sovereignty. “It’s foreign interference in our democracy,” said Ronald van Raak, a senior member of Parliament in the opposition Socialist party, who has co-sponsored legislation to ban foreign donations. “We would not have thought that people from other countries would Continued on Page A9
INTERNATIONAL A4-10
NEW YORK A19-21
BUSINESS DAY B1-8
OBITUARIES B16
EDITORIAL, OP-ED A22-23
Christian Charity Exits India
Murder Charges Shock Town
Tax Troubles for Caterpillar
Lawyer for Revolutionaries
Thomas L. Friedman
Compassion International, which runs a “sponsor a child” program, is leaving India after 48 years, as the government cracks down on foreign aid. PAGE A4
Two men who helped search for a missing 19-year-old woman, their friend since grade school, are accused in her killing in New Jersey. PAGE A19
A government-commissioned report accuses the heavy-equipment maker of carrying out tax and accounting fraud to shield overseas earnings. PAGE B1
Lynne F. Stewart, who represented the poor and the reviled, self-described revolutionaries and a radical, blind Egyptian cleric, was 77.
PAGE A23
U(D54G1D)y+=!#!@!#!/
A2
THE NEW YORK TIMES, WEDNESDAY, MARCH 8, 2017
N
ARTHUR OCHS SULZBERGER JR. Publisher, Chairman A. G. SULZBERGER Deputy Publisher
NEWS
EDITORIAL
DEAN BAQUET Executive Editor
JAMES BENNET Editorial Page Editor
JOSEPH KAHN Managing Editor
JAMES DAO Deputy Editorial Page Editor
REBECCA BLUMENSTEIN Deputy Managing Editor
TERRY TANG Deputy Editorial Page Editor
TOM BODKIN Creative Director
Founded in 1851
JANET ELDER Deputy Managing Editor CLIFFORD LEVY Deputy Managing Editor
ADOLPH S. OCHS Publisher 1896-1935 ARTHUR HAYS SULZBERGER Publisher 1935-1961
MARK THOMPSON Chief Executive Officer
KINSEY WILSON Editor for Innovation and Strategy, Executive V.P., Product and Technology
JAMES M. FOLLO Chief Financial Officer
REBECCA CORBETT Assistant Editor
ORVIL E. DRYFOOS Publisher 1961-1963
STEVE DUENES Assistant Editor ALEXANDRA M AC CALLUM Assistant Editor
ARTHUR OCHS SULZBERGER Publisher 1963-1992
BUSINESS
MATTHEW PURDY Deputy Managing Editor
MICHELE M C NALLY Assistant Editor ALISON MITCHELL Assistant Editor CAROLYN RYAN Assistant Editor
DIANE BRAYTON General Counsel and Secretary ROLAND A. CAPUTO Executive V.P., Print Products MEREDITH KOPIT LEVIEN Chief Revenue Officer ELLEN SHULTZ Executive V.P., Talent and Inclusion WILLIAM T. BARDEEN Senior Vice President TERRY L. HAYES Senior Vice President R. ANTHONY BENTEN Treasurer and Controller
The Newspaper And Beyond
Inside The Times THE STORY BEHIND THE STORY
CORRECTIONS A21 CROSSWORD C3 OBITUARIES B15-16 OPINION A22-23 TV LISTINGS C7 WEATHER C8 CLASSIFIED ADS B13
THE DAILY 360
The recently opened 5.8 Undersea Restaurant in the Maldives cultivates fine dining on your plate and a rich ecosystem of coral reef all around you. Visit the underwater restaurant in this 360-degree video. nytimes.com/thedaily360
NOW – MARCH 11
STEPHEN HILTNER/THE NEW YORK TIMES
Ryuichi Kanari, a correspondent for The Asahi Shimbun’s New York bureau.
Tenants on the 18th Floor LOVE
By RAILLAN BROOKS and DAVID W. DUNLAP
YOURSELF BEAUTY BAG EVENT SPEND $200 ON COSMETICS, SKINCARE, OR FR AGR ANCE IN-STORE OR ONLINE TO RECEIVE A WOMEN’S OR MEN’S BAG FILLED WITH O U R FAV O R I T E O F -T H E - M O M E N T P R O D U C T S .*
NE W YORK CHICAGO
B E V E R LY H I L L S BOSTON
SAN FRANCISCO
L AS VEGAS
S E AT T L E
F O R I N S I D E R A C C E S S : T H E W I N D O W. B A R N E Y S . C O M
*Promotion valid for product sales only, not redeemable for dollars spent on taxes or services. Limited quantities available. One per customer, while supplies last. Cannot be combined with any other offer. Women’s beauty bag will be distributed for purchase of women’s product. Men’s dopp kit will be distributed for purchase of men’s product. Not valid for Barneys New York employees.
THE PERFECT GIFT!
The New York Times is not the only newsroom at 620 Eighth Avenue. Furnished identically, right down to the teetering stacks of newspapers adorning some journalists’ desks, the New York bureau of The Asahi Shimbun can be found on the 18th floor of the Times Building. The Asahi Shimbun is a venerable and influential Japanese newspaper and website — and its journalists stationed here cover American society, politics, business and culture for their readers, who are primarily back in Japan. Monday was a particularly big news day: Japan and the United States called for an emergency session of the Security Council of the United Nations in response to North Korea’s recent missile launches. “North Korea is one of the biggest threats to Japan’s national security,” said Ryuichi Kanari, who wrote about the events. “We will see how the international community will respond to the threat,” he added. (An article describing reactions to the test firing appears on the front page of today’s paper.) Mr. Kanari’s workplace is the result of an arrangement that goes back to 1928, when Adolph S. Ochs, the publisher of The Times, agreed to lease office space to The Asahi in the headquarters at 229 West 43rd Street. The Times charged The Asahi $50 a month in rent (roughly $700 today) and $250 monthly for the use of its news wires. Telephones and typewriters were furnished at no charge. Relations between the companies were quite amicable. The first nonstop flight between the two countries, in 1931, carried a letter from Ryuhei Murayama, a founder of The Asahi Shimbun, addressed to Mr. Ochs. In his friendly greeting, Mr. Murayama wrote that the flight “must greatly contribute toward promoting friendly relations between our countries.” Unfortunately, darker forces were at work. Ten years later, the two nations were at war. Kyozo Mori, who was then the New York correspondent for The Asahi, was among
the Japanese journalists rounded up by American authorities after the attack on Pearl Harbor. He was detained in Virginia until the next year. In Tokyo, The Times’s correspondent, Otto D. Tolischus, was arrested at his home in the Akasaka district, which doubled as the bureau. He was accused of spying and was imprisoned but was released in 1942. Though it is unclear when The Asahi reclaimed its New York office, it may have been as late as 1952. Bureau lore has it that the Japanese journalists discovered that their old keys still worked. They opened the door to find the place undisturbed — exactly as they had left it in December 1941, except for a thick layer of dust, Daisuke Nakai, a correspondent in the New York bureau, said last month. In 2007, The Asahi joined The Times in moving to 620 Eighth Avenue. Today’s Manhattan-side outfit includes four correspondents, three assistant reporters and an office manager. From time to time, Mr. Kanari said, he leaves his perch in New York to help readers back in Japan get a broader perspective on American society. On weekends and holidays, Mr. Kanari has traveled extensively through Pennsylvania and Ohio to chronicle and try to explain the rise of Donald J. Trump. A fruit of his efforts became the book “Trump Kingdom: The Trip to See the Other America,” newly published and already a best-seller in Tokyo. By contrast, Mr. Kanari said that when it comes to North Korea, it is American audiences who are the ones catching up. “The gap between American and Japanese readers is much bigger than you can even imagine,” he said, noting that Japan’s decades-long experience leading the international community’s responses to Pyongyang suggests that renewed pressure and toughened sanctions may not be sufficient to counter the threat. It is the implementation that matters. As the story develops, his job as a reporter, Mr. Kanari said, is to close that gulf in understanding. “I don’t know what should be done,” he said. “My job is just to tell the truth.”
FACEBOOK LIVE
Accompany The Times at 11:30 a.m. to the Lower East Side pizzeria Speedy Romeo to learn the tricks of the thin crust pizza trade from the chef Justin Bazdarich and Melissa Clark, a food writer for The Times. Watch live and submit questions at facebook.com/nytimes.
NEWSLETTER
The Interpreter brings sharp insight and context to the major news stories of the week. Sign up to get it by email at nytimes.com/ newsletters.
TIMESTALKS
Depeche Mode joins The Times’s chief pop music critic, Jon Pareles, in a conversation Wednesday at NYU Skirball Center for the Performing Arts, New York City. Sold out; watch live at 7 p.m. at facebook.com/nytimes.
On This Day in History A MEMORABLE HEADLINE FROM THE NEW YORK TIMES MARCH 8, 2014
SHARE A NEWS TIP
MALAYSIA AIRLINES SAYS IT LOST CONTACT WITH JET TAKING OVER 200 TO BEIJING
CONTACT THE TIMES
tips@nytimes.com or nytimes.com/tips
nytnews@nytimes.com
Three years ago, a Boeing 777 with 239 passengers vanished on its way from Kuala Lumpur to Beijing. After years of searching for the lost plane — at a cost of $160 million — the governments of China, Malaysia and Australia declared an end to the investigation this past January. Yet last week families of those on board announced their intention to raise at least $15 million to fund a private search.
AMERICANA MANHASSET 516.627.7475 WHEATLEY PLAZA 516.621.8844 | GLEN COVE 516.671.3154 EAST HAMPTON 631.329.3939 | SOUTHAMPTON 631.287.4499 WESTFIELD WORLD TRADE CENTER 212.381.9455 LONDONJEWELERS.COM
THE NEW YORK TIMES COMPANY 620 Eighth Avenue, New York, N.Y. 10018-1405 The New York Times (ISSN 0362-4331) is published daily. Periodicals postage paid at New York, N.Y., and at additional mailing offices. Postmaster: Send address changes to The New York Times, P.O. Box 8042, Davenport, IA, 52808-8042. Mail Subscription Rates* 1 Yr. 6 Mos. Weekdays and Sundays...............$910.00 $455.00 Weekdays ....................................... 524.16 262.08 Sundays.......................................... 447.20 223.60
Times Book Review.................................. 1 Yr. $156.00 Large Print Weekly .................................. 1 Yr. 98.80 Higher rates, available on request, for mailing outside the U.S., or for the New York edition outside the Northeast: 1-800-631-2580. *Not including state or local tax. The Times occasionally makes its list of home delivery subscribers available to marketing part-
ners or third parties who offer products or services that are likely to interest its readers. If you prefer that we do not share this information, please notify Customer Service, P.O. Box 8042, Davenport, IA, 52808-8042, or e-mail 1-800@nytimes.com. All advertising published in The New York Times is subject to the applicable rate card, available from the advertising department. The Times reserves the right not to accept an advertiser’s order. Only publication of
an advertisement shall constitute final acceptance. © 2017, The New York Times Company. All rights reserved.
Arthur Sulzberger Jr., Chairman and Publisher Mark Thompson, President and Chief Executive Officer R. Anthony Benten, Treasurer Diane Brayton, General Counsel and Secretary
THE NEW YORK TIMES, WEDNESDAY, MARCH 8, 2017 ©T&CO. 2017
N
Of Interest NOTEWORTHY FACTS FROM TODAY’S PAPER
On Monday, an administrative court in Bremen handed down a suspended sentence of six months and two weeks to a man who had insulted refugees on his Facebook page.
Leaked documents indicate that the broad use of encryption has pushed the C.I.A. to become one of the world’s foremost creators — and buyers — of malware. How Worried Should You Be About Your Phone, Computer, or TV? A10
German Court Refuses to Block Facebook Users From Reposting a Refugee’s Selfie B5
•
•
To avoid forbidding weather, travelers to Dubai can enjoy an indoor ski slope; those to Astana, the capital city of Kazakhstan, can find an enclosed beach club, complete with sand.
JASON POLAN
How to Help Humans When the Robots Come to Take Our Jobs B6
United States companies owe corporate income taxes at a rate of 35 percent on profits earned around the world.
Kazakh Capital, a Post-Soviet Creation, Grows Real Roots A9
•
Caterpillar Is Accused in a Report of Fraud B1
•
•
Corned beef takes its name from the salt that was originally used to brine it, the crystals so large they resembled kernels of corn.
In India, more than 11,000 nongovernmental organizations have lost their licenses to accept foreign funds since Prime Minister Narendra Modi took office in 2014.
Not the Corned Beef of Yore D1
The United States has had a 40hour workweek only since 1940.
Under federal law, a wine cannot be called organic unless it is made from grapes that have been certified as organic, has been fermented with organic yeast and has no added sulfur dioxide, a common preservative.
IT IS A THING OF BEAUTY TO BE AT ONCE SO BRILLIANT AND SO STRONG. WE’RE NOT TALKING ABOUT DIAMONDS. HAPPY INTERNATIONAL WOMEN’S DAY.
Want Better Bottles? Three Words: Wine Is Food D4
Major Christian Charity Forced to Halt Work in India A4
The Conversation
Spotlight
FOUR OF THE MOST READ, SHARED AND DISCUSSED POSTS FROM ACROSS NYTIMES.COM
ADDITIONAL REPORTAGE AND REPARTEE FROM OUR JOURNALISTS
1. WikiLeaks Releases Trove Of Alleged C.I.A. Hacking Documents
On Monday, Margot Sanger-Katz, who covers health care for The Times, waded through emerging details about how House Republicans planned to replace the Affordable Care Act. She shared her insights on Twitter (lightly edited and found below). For more on the new proposal, see A15.
The released documents, which WikiLeaks said described tools used to break into smartphones and televisions, dominated The Times’s home page on Tuesday. Some readers found resonances with the blockbuster document leak that revealed a secret N.S.A. surveillance program in 2013, while others saw the story through the lens of WikiLeaks’ alleged ties to Russia. A1
800 843 3269
|
TIFFANY.COM
Few topline thoughts on this plan: Big cuts to Medicaid that will particularly displease expansion states.
2. You May Want to Marry My Husband Published March 3, Amy Krouse Rosenthal’s Modern Love essay continued to be a top online read.
3. Inquiry Opens Into How a Network of Marines Shared Illicit Images of Female Peers Among the most vocal readers of this story were former members of the armed services, who reflected on the experiences inside the military and on what might have motivated these Marines’ behavior. “Speaking as an Army and Desert Storm veteran,” wrote one Facebook commenter, “this is a sad day for the entire military.”
This tax credit plan is more regressive than the ACA, but it cuts off subsidies for higher-earning families. Different from prior drafts.
It includes some provisions to balance out repeal of individual mandate. But unclear if those can pass through reconciliation rules.
Leadership apparently decided against capping the employer tax exclusion. But plan keeps Cadillac tax, which is similar and very unpopular.
American Health Care Act is a solid name. Easy to remember. Few promises.
SCOTT OLSON/GETTY IMAGES
This plan seems like a recipe for a really messy individual market in the next few years.
4. What Romantic Regime Are You In? David Brooks’s Opinion article suggesting reasons behind the plummeting marriage rate in the U.S. sparked a lively debate in The Times’s comment section. One reader considered the argument from a different angle: “The widening income gap has sent marriage into a crisis for those on the short end, while those on the other end manage marriages that often survive.”
This plan is going to cover fewer people than the ACA. CBO will let us know how many fewer soon.
Flap bag with hand-strap in black calfskin, large adjustable strap and DIOR signature in aged silver jewellery.
Margot Sanger-Katz @sangerkatz
57th Street - Soho 800.929.dior (3467) Dior.com
Quote of the Day CITY’S RESPONSE TO COSTLY POTHOLES? GO BACK TO GRAVEL A11
“We are about 50 years behind where we should be as far as resurfacing and repair. I can’t catch up on 50 years of neglect in three or four years.” JEAN STOTHERT , the mayor of Omaha, on her city’s decision to grind
some paved streets into gravel as a way to cut upkeep costs.
The Mini Crossword
Here to Help
BY JOEL FAGLIANO
LOOKING FOR SOMETHING TO WATCH?
1
2
3
COUGAR TOWN 2009-2015; Six seasons. Available to rent on Amazon Video, Google Play, iTunes, Vudu and YouTube.
4
5
6
7
8
9
3/8/17
EDITED BY WILL SHORTZ
ACROSS 1 5
The “P” of PRNDL “Breaking Bad” or “Mad Men,” genrewise 7 position (curled-up state) 8 Go “Zzzzz” 9 Hill-building insects DOWN 1 2 3 4 6
Watch ... if you enjoy “the gang’s all here” comedies. The series started as a comedy about a divorced woman (Ms. Cox) in search of younger men — hence the title.
Many emailed files Basketball venue Boca , Florida Target competitor Microbrewery creations
SOLUTION TO PREVIOUS PUZZLE
T
A
Y
W O
K
E
G
E
A
R
S
P
E
S
O
A
T
T
N
S
Have you recently endured a breakup? Are you currently taking a sick day? Are you mired in a cruel season of life? Allow “Cougar Town” to wash your troubles away. The show started as a vehicle for its star, Courteney Cox, but it morphed into something more like “Scrubs,” another show from the creator of “Cougar Town”, Bill Lawrence. “Cougar Town” will reign forever as one of the worst-named shows of all time; but look past that to what is, in fact, a warm and silly ensemble series with a special knack for depicting oddball friendship rituals and games. Penny caaaaan! (That’s ... one of their quirky activities. It involves just throwing a penny into a can. But they play it a lot.)
MICHAEL DESMOND/ABC
But it quickly turned into something different: a thoughtful, grown-up comedy in which longtime pals help one another through life’s evolutions. There are petty arguments, jokes, jealousies and misunderstandings galore, but unlike some ensemble comedies, this one isn’t afraid to let its characters go through major changes, too: a marriage, a childbirth, career adjustments and more. Throughout, the female characters are refreshingly strong; ditziness is more likely to come from the men.
Skip ... if your definition of a must-see comedy includes the word “groundbreaking.” Nothing in this show is. That’s no doubt one reason ABC abandoned it after three seasons; its subsequent and final three were on TBS. For more TV show recommendations, visit Watching at nytimes.com/watching.
Cross Stitch Bracelet From $19,500 942 Madison Avenue 212.421.3030
A3
A4
WEDNESDAY, MARCH 8, 2017 N
Major Christian Charity Forced to Halt Work in India Modi Crackdown Stymies a Donor By ELLEN BARRY and SUHASINI RAJ
NEW DELHI — India’s crackdown on foreign aid will claim its most prominent casualty this month, as a Colorado-based Christian charity that is one of India’s biggest donors closes its operations here after 48 years, informing tens of thousands of children that they will no longer receive meals, medical care or tuition payments. The shutdown of the charity, Compassion International, on suspicion of engaging in religious conversion, comes as India, a rising economic power with a swelling spirit of nationalism, curtails the flow of foreign money to activities it deems “detrimental to the national interest.” More than 11,000 nongovernmental organizations have lost their licenses to accept foreign funds since Prime Minister Narendra Modi took office in 2014. Major Western funders — among them George Soros’s Open Society Foundations and the National Endowment for Democracy — have been barred from transferring funds without permission from Indian security officials. But few have been as vocal about their struggle as Compassion International, which solicits donations through its $38-amonth “sponsor a child” program and distributes them through church-affiliated service centers. It has repeatedly ranked as India’s largest single foreign donor, transferring around $45 million a year. Its executives vehemently deny the government’s allegation that it is funding religious conversions, and say India has given them no opportunity to rebut the accusation. Instead, they say they found themselves in murky back-channel negotiations with a representative of the Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh, or R.S.S., a right-wing Hindu ideological group that is closely connected with the governing Bharatiya Janata Party, or B.J.P., but that has no official role in governing. “You think, ‘Wow, am I negotiating with the government or am I negotiating with an ideological movement that is fueling the government?’” said Santiago Mellado, Compassion International’s chief executive officer, in a telephone interview from the charity’s offices in Colorado Springs. He added that a briefing on the situation would be submitted to the Trump administration this week. A spokesman for India’s Ministry of Home Affairs, which oversees regulation of foreign charities, declined repeated requests for comment on the case. A Foreign Ministry official, speaking on the condition of anonymity, following diplomatic protocol, said that Compassion International’s partners were violating Indian law by engaging in religious activities, and that the organization declined a government offer to re-register as a religious organization, which would have allowed it to continue its work in India. Religious charities, which make up half of the dozen top international donors to India, are watching the case closely, Mr. Mellado said. “What we hear from our friends in India is that it would be tragic if they were successful in shutting down Compassion, because that would leave other ministries very vulnerable,” Mr. Mellado said. “They are feeling like they’re next.” India has long had a law regulating the use of foreign aid, but
PHOTOGRAPHS BY PORAS CHAUDHARY FOR THE NEW YORK TIMES
Pramod Dass, the director of Bethesda Charitable Endeavors, one of the 500 Indian partners of Compassion International that will have to shut down operations. Mr. Modi’s government has applied it in rigorous fashion, canceling the registrations of more than 10,000 nongovernmental groups, mostly small ones, in 2015. That summer, income tax investigators began raiding offices affiliated with Compassion International, apparently seeking evidence that funds were being used to convert Indian families. Sam Jebagnanam, a field officer based in Chennai, described the searches as “harrowing,” with staff members questioned through the night and forbidden to leave the office, summon a lawyer or order food. The investigators, he said, focused their questions on a vacation Bible school funded by the charity. Seventy-six percent of the children served by the program are Hindu, and 28 percent are Christian, he said. At another raid, he said, a top executive was interrogated under oath at 3 a.m. “They kept asking him: ‘Why did you have a spiritual component to the program? What do you do in the area of spiritual development?’” he said. “We said we teach moral values; we do not force anyone into religion.” Compassion International executives learned early last year, from an item in an Indian newspaper, that their group had been added to the list of organizations whose transfers required prior permission by the Ministry of Home Affairs, said Stephen Oakley, Compassion’s general counsel. By summer, $600,000 in donations was stuck in an Indian bank account awaiting permission that did not come. In November, two of the group’s main affiliates — in Chennai and Kolkata — were denied authorization to use foreign funds. In the United States, Mr. Mellado was pressing, with an increasing sense of urgency, for an opportunity to plead his case with Indian officials. But the only interlocutors they
could find were through unofficial channels. In October, a Washington-based representative of the R.S.S., Shekhar Tiwari, reached out to John Prabhudoss, who heads an umbrella organization of Indian-American Christians and has a long association with Compassion International and its leaders, Mr. Prabhudoss said. Mr. Mellado said he was puzzled by the indirect outreach, but decided to give it a try. “We are trying to navigate through understanding of the dynamics on the Indian side,” he said. “We understand that the B.J.P. and the R.S.S. are tied together somehow, so it seems to us that we also need to be talking to the R.S.S.” Through Mr. Prabhudoss, Mr. Tiwari put forward a proposal: The government might view Compassion International more favorably if the charity routed a portion of its $45 million in annual charita-
ble donations away from churches and through non-Christian aid groups, including Hindu ones. “They were asking me, ‘How do you think we can solve this problem?’ ” Mr. Tiwari said. “I told them, instead of having all your partners Christian, have some Buddhists, Hindus, Jains, Sikh organizations.” Mr. Prabhudoss and Mr. Mellado both said that the suggestion was to fund R.S.S.-affiliated organizations, though Mr. Tiwari denies suggesting that. They rejected the idea, which they viewed as “inappropriate,” Mr. Mellado said. An official from India’s Ministry of External Affairs denied that the R.S.S. representative had any role in the government’s actions, calling the discussion “totally extraneous to the law enforcement action.” Things went downhill quickly after that. In early January, Mr.
Oakley, the general counsel, went to New Delhi to plead his case to India’s foreign secretary, Subrahmanyam Jaishankar, in a meeting also attended by the secondranked United States diplomat in India. It was the first and last meeting between the charity’s leaders and government officials, and Mr. Oakley described it as bitterly contentious. As it came to an end, he said, a Home Ministry official suggested that Compassion International reregister its Indian partners as religious entities, a step that the charity’s legal team discouraged, saying it would lead to further paralysis. “It was a very disingenuous offer,” Mr. Oakley said. “Either he didn’t know that was legally impossible, or it was an offer designed to end the meeting.” Last week, word went out to the group’s 500 Indian partners that
A collage of pictures showing activities carried out in India by Bethesda Charitable Endeavors.
they would have to shut down their operations. Among them is Bethesda Charitable Endeavors, which funds a community center in a town called Haldwani, in the Himalayan foothills. The center’s employees have cleared out four of their nine rented rooms, and 250 children have been told not to return there. Pramod Dass, who directs the charity, organized a morose little closing ceremony last week in his Delhi office. “I was heartbroken, because for the past six months, we were living in hope that something would happen,” he said. “Maybe a miracle.” Already, 15,000 of the 145,000 Indian children regularly receiving services through Compassion International have been severed from the programs. Beginning on Friday, the sponsors will be contacted individually, at the rate of 2,500 per day, and asked to transfer their sponsorships from Indian children to children from other countries. “That process is irreversible,” Mr. Mellado said. “We would have to start all over in India, and for 145,000 children, it will take years.” Priya Saxena, 13, is among the children who have been asked not to return to the community center in Haldwani. Over the four years she has been attending the center every day after school, she said, she has learned to speak and write English, received vaccinations for typhoid and eaten regular high-protein meals. Her father, a vegetable vendor, earns a monthly salary of about 1000 rupees, or around $16. “Now I do not know what the future holds for me,” she said. “I hoped to become a doctor. But now that we are told we will no longer have sponsors to see us through the education, I don’t know what will happen.” She added: “This place taught me to have a life. It is finished now.”
Israel Bars Entry to Foreigners Who Publicly Support a Boycott Movement By LAURIE GOODSTEIN
Israel’s Parliament has struck back at the international boycott movement against the country and its settlements in the West Bank by passing a law barring entry to foreigners who have publicly supported the movement. The measure, passed on Monday night, received little notice in Israel, but by Tuesday it set off alarms in the United States, where Israel’s critics and some of its most loyal Jewish supporters alike warned that it would further isolate the country. Rabbi Rick Jacobs, the president of the Union for Reform Judaism, the largest Jewish movement in North America, said in a telephone interview from Jerusalem: “It’s going to be a giant sign up by the door of the Jewish state: ‘Don’t come unless you agree with everything we’re doing here.’ I don’t know what kind of democra-
cy makes that statement.” The vote came as the Israeli government’s right flank has been emboldened by the election of President Trump and his warm welcome in Washington last month of Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu. The bill passed the Parliament, or Knesset, 46 to 28, with proponents calling it a common-sense measure to exclude “haters,” and opponents warning that it would backfire and encourage further boycotts. With hopes for a two-state solution between Israel and the Palestinians vastly diminished, Palestinians and their supporters have been advocating a strategy called B.D.S.,: boycott, divestment and sanctions. The movement has been most active in Europe and the United States, and supporters have compared it to the campaign against apartheid in South Africa — an analogy fierce-
ly disputed by defenders of Israel. Academic groups, artists, churches and companies from many countries are boycotting or divesting from Israel, or from the occupied territories in the West Bank. The Israeli government and other critics say the boycott movement is anti-Semitic and aims to undermine Israel’s right to exist. Bezalel Smotrich, a member of the Knesset who co-sponsored the bill to bar entry to boycott supporters, said: “We will now stop turning the other cheek. Preventing B.D.S. supporters who come here to hurt us from the inside is the very least we should be doing against haters of Israel.” Dov Hanin, who voted against the legislation, said that at a time when boycotts against settlements are being promoted around the world, the law “is really a law to boycott the world.” “A country that boycotts the
world is basically isolating and boycotting itself,” he continued. Israel has already turned away some travelers for political reasons. Last December, Isabel Phiri, a theologian and an assistant general secretary of the World Council of Churches in Geneva, was refused entry after landing in Tel Aviv with a tourist visa. Last July, five Americans on a fact-finding trip were detained, questioned and deported, with Israeli officials citing security reasons. And in February, an American executive with the New Israel Fund, a liberal group, was detained and interrogated at the Tel Aviv airport by an interviewer holding a document that said “BDS.” The fund does not support the movement. The new law says it applies to any foreigner “who knowingly issues a public call for boycotting Israel,” and is aware that this “has a
reasonable possibility of leading to the imposition of a boycott.” Eytan Fuld, a spokesman for Mr. Smotrich, said there was no “blacklist” of individuals. He said the law would apply to “known organizations” and their “main activists.” Some American Jewish leaders were alarmed that the new law makes no distinction between groups that support boycotts of Israel proper, and those that support boycotting products made in the settlements in the occupied West Bank. “It’s redefining as an enemy of Israel anyone who does not agree that the settlements are now and forever will be part of Israel,” said Lara Friedman, the director of policy and government relations for Americans for Peace Now. “That’s going to be problematic for a lot of American Jews who care about Israel. It’s just heart-
breaking.” Rabbi Jacobs said the law would deter the kinds of people he often brings to Israel, those who have questions about its policies and should see the country for themselves. The Reform Jewish movement opposes the expansion of settlements, but is strongly opposed to the B.D.S. movement, and has tried to dissuade several American church groups from passing divestment resolutions. “If it’s perceived that Israel doesn’t want to engage in serious debates with diaspora Jews,” he said, “I think that really is a weakening of our relationship.” But Naftali Bennett, the leader of the right-wing Jewish Home party and Israel’s education minister, said the new law was “logical and expected,” and will allow Israel to defend itself against those “who wish it harm.”
THE NEW YORK TIMES, WEDNESDAY, MARCH 8, 2017
N
A5
A6
THE NEW YORK TIMES INTERNATIONAL WEDNESDAY, MARCH 8, 2017
N
Top Generals Hold Talks To Head Off Syria Clashes By MICHAEL R. GORDON
KHALID MOHAMMED/ASSOCIATED PRESS
Iraqi police officers cleared a road to the government compound in western Mosul on Tuesday. Iraqis reported progress in their mission to recapture the city.
In Fierce Fight, Iraqi Forces Enter Western Mosul With Gunfire Seen as Heaviest of Campaign, Soldiers Retake Bridge and Government Buildings By OMAR AL-JAWOSHY and SEWELL CHAN
BAGHDAD — Iraqi forces trying to reclaim Mosul penetrated the western part of the city on Tuesday, retaking a bridge and several public buildings during heavy clashes with the Islamic State militants, officials said. Civilians reported that the bombardment and gunfire were the heaviest since Feb. 19, the beginning of the operation to retake the western part of the city — the country’s second-largest, where roughly a million people are trapped and living in desperate conditions. Soldiers recaptured a branch of the central bank, an archaeological museum that jihadists ransacked after taking the city in 2014, and the Hurriya Bridge, which crosses the Tigris River in the center of the city, Brig. Gen. Yahya Rasool, a military spokesman, said by phone. “We will never stop until we liberate Mosul entirely,” he said. Lt. Gen. Raed Shakir Jawdat, the chief of the federal police, said that security forces had also retaken a government compound. A statement from the American-led coalition forces assisting the Iraqis gave a similar account of their progress. The museum was a focus of worldwide attention after it was seized by Islamic State militants, who used sledgehammers and drills to smash artifacts in its collection. The destruction horrified scholars around the world. Lt. Gen. Abdul Amir al-MuOmar al-Jawoshy reported from Baghdad, and Sewell Chan from London. Maher Samaan contributed reporting from Paris.
hammadawi, a spokesman for an elite unit of Interior Ministry troops, said that the buildings retaken from the Islamic State included a courthouse where militants had carried out whippings, stonings and beheadings, as well as a building where militants had thrown people to their deaths. “The liberation of the government compound is a step forward for our forces, a vital motivating position for us,” General Muhammadawi said in an interview. “The international coalition’s airstrikes and drones have played a major role in accelerating the liberation of the city.” It was not yet clear how lasting
the gains would be. Although soldiers raised the Iraqi flag over the government compound, in the Dawasa neighborhood, they were later forced to retreat under heavy fire from Islamic State militants, The Associated Press reported. The museum remained within the range of Islamic State snipers, making it vulnerable to a counterattack. Social media accounts associated with the Islamic State reported that militants had set off three suicide bombs during the offensive. Though the military advances were tenuous, government forces
said that Tuesday represented a critical moment in their weekslong offensive to retake western Mosul. The fighting, which included recapturing most of the city’s airport, has not been easy. It took Iraqi forces more than three months to gain control over eastern Mosul, and casualties there were heavy. Prime Minister Haider al-Abadi and the chief of staff of the country’s armed forces toured the headquarters of the operations command responsible for the offensive, just outside Mosul, on Tuesday to “review the progress of security forces,” according to a
ARIS MESSINIS/AGENCE FRANCE-PRESSE — GETTY IMAGES
On a day of gains, a sniper, right, aimed Tuesday at Islamic State fighters in western Mosul.
statement. The Hurriya, or Freedom, Bridge is the second of five bridges to be retaken by government forces. American-led airstrikes damaged all five bridges last year in a bid to isolate the militants in Mosul. Mosul fell to the Islamic State in June 2014, along with large parts of the country’s north and west. It is the largest Iraqi population center still wholly or partly in the militant group’s control. The United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs reported on Tuesday that about 46,000 people had been displaced from their homes in Mosul since Feb. 19 — including 13,350 on Friday alone — in the highest continuous displacement of civilians since October. “All people displaced from western Mosul have been accommodated either with family members or in camps or emergency sites, where they receive a tented plot, basic household supplies, hygiene kits and 30-day food rations,” the United Nations office said. Camp construction and the installation of water and sanitation services are underway south of Mosul, the office added. Since Feb. 19, the office said, more than 500 people have been treated for conflict-related wounds, including 15 people who were hospitalized in Erbil, a Kurdish-held city east of Mosul, for treatment after an apparent chemical-weapon attack. Many in eastern Mosul lack drinking water, officials have warned, and many in the southern and western parts of the city are drinking untreated water, which could lead to the spread of diseases.
Hungary to Detain Asylum Seekers, Angering Rights Advocates By DAN BILEFSKY
LONDON — Europe’s simmering backlash against immigration came into sharp relief on Tuesday when the Hungarian Parliament approved the detention of asylum seekers in guarded and enclosed camps on the country’s southern border, in what human rights advocates called a reckless breach of international law. Prime Minister Viktor Orban of Hungary justified the measure on the grounds that it would secure the European Union’s borders from migrants and act as a powerful deterrent against migration, which he called the “Trojan horse of terrorism.” Mr. Orban is a vocal supporter of President Trump, who on Monday signed an executive order that bars people from six predominantly Muslim countries from entering the United States. “We are under siege,” Mr. Orban said on Tuesday at an induction ceremony for border guard officers. “The flood of migration has slowed down but has not stopped. Laws apply to everyone. This includes those migrants who want to cross Hungary’s border illegally. This is the reality, which cannot be overruled by charming human rights nonsense.” In the summer of 2015, at the Palko Karasz contributed reporting.
height of the migrant influx into Europe, Hungary built a razorwire fence along the border with Serbia, to the south, to try to stanch the flow of people moving through the Balkans. That move caused a huge outcry, but Mr. Orban said the fence was an effective deterrent. The new law, which Parliament approved by a vote of 138 to 6, with 22 abstentions, would allow the government to detain asylum seekers, including children, for potentially long periods of time in mobile housing units, which look like shipping containers, in camps surrounded by razor-wire fence, while their applications were processed. Human rights advocates, including the United Nations refugee agency, condemned the move. The agency said that the new law would have “a terrible physical and psychological impact” on refugees, and it emphasized that Hungary had a legal obligation to consider less coercive measures. “There is a global tendency to tighten the rules and conditions for asylum seekers all over the world, and this is happening in Europe and the United States,” said Erno Simon, a spokesman for the United Nations agency in Hungary. He added, “Detainment in containers is particularly detrimental for children.” Some of Mr. Orban’s antimi-
grant talk seems to be for political show. Relatively few migrants have tried to settle permanently in Hungary; a vast majority who entered or tried to enter in recent years were hoping to use the country as a gateway to more welcoming countries, like Germany and the Netherlands. Todor Gardos, a researcher at Amnesty International in London, said that the new law in Hungary violated European Union regulations that prohibit detaining an individual just because he has
Units resembling shipping containers ringed by razor wire. claimed asylum. “The blanket detention of all asylum seekers breaches the law, which requires that detainment be justified on an individual, case-by-case basis,” he said. Hungary’s latest move comes as countries across Europe, buffeted by the rise of populist parties, have been seeking ways to discourage migration. More than a million refugees and migrants streamed into Europe last year, fleeing war, conflict and poverty in the Middle East and Africa.
Denmark passed a law requiring newly arrived asylum seekers to hand over valuables, including jewelry and gold, to help pay for their stay in the country. Even in relatively liberal Germany, where more than a million migrants have arrived since early 2015, calls to expel migrants who are in the country illegally have been intensifying. The cabinet recently approved attaching electronic bracelets to migrants who are in the country illegally and tapping their cellphones if they are deemed to be a potential threat. In France, the far-right presidential contender Marine Le Pen, who has hailed Mr. Trump’s victory as a harbinger of her own success, has promised to crack down on foreigners, saying that the interests of French citizens must come first. Against this backdrop, human rights advocates say that the political and legal climate in Europe is becoming more hostile to immigration, mirroring the animosity and populism on the other side of the Atlantic. Also on Tuesday, the European Court of Justice defied the advice of one of its own advocates general by ruling that European Union member states were not obliged to issue visas to people who planned to seek asylum in their countries, even if they were vulnerable to inhuman treatment
or were threatened with torture. The advocate general, Paolo Mengozzi, said last month that European Union countries should issue humanitarian visas if there were substantial grounds to conclude that “a refusal would place persons seeking international protection at risk of torture or inhuman or degrading treatment.” Such advice is nonbinding but is usually followed. Nevertheless, the court ruled that European Union law did not require member states to grant humanitarian visas but were “free to do so on the basis of their national law.” The ruling came after a Syrian family of five from Aleppo had applied for visas at the Belgian Embassy in Beirut, Lebanon, in October 2016, with the aim of traveling to Belgium and applying for asylum there. After the visa application was refused, the family complained to the Belgian Asylum and Immigration Board, which, in turn, referred the case to the European Court of Justice. Human rights advocates said the court’s ruling threatened to put the most vulnerable in harm’s way. But others countered that a blanket requirement to issue humanitarian visas would have enabled people to apply for asylum at embassies around the world, stretching the immigration services of countries that are already struggling to cope.
WASHINGTON — The top American military officer met Tuesday with his Russian and Turkish counterparts to discuss how to avoid an unintended confrontation as forces from all three nations operate on an increasingly crowded battlefield in northern Syria. The unusual three-way meeting was held in Antalya, Turkey. It brought together Gen. Joseph F. Dunford Jr., the chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff; Gen. Valery V. Gerasimov, the chief of the Russian general staff; and their Turkish counterpart, Gen. Hulusi Akar. The major purpose of the session was to discuss “the fight against all terrorist organizations in Syria” and “the importance of additional measures for de-conflicting operations,” a spokesman for General Dunford said in a statement. The situation in northern Syria has become increasingly tense in recent days. Supported by American and Russian airstrikes, Turkish forces and Syrian militias supported by Turkey recently succeeded in taking the town Al Bab from the Islamic State, also known as ISIS or ISIL. But Turkey’s main worry is not ISIS but ensuring that Syrian Kurds do not establish a ministate in northern Syria. That has spurred fears that Turkish troops and their allies in the Syria opposition might move to seize Manbij, a town in northern Syria that was taken from ISIS by Syrian Arab and Kurdish militias backed by the United States. The fighters defending Manbij do not believe that the Turkish posture is mere saber-rattling. Abu Amjed, the head of the Manbij Military Council, said in an interview last week that his fighters were being shot at by Turkish troops and that he considered Turkey to be more of a threat than ISIS. As the situation escalated, the Manbij Military Council has tried to pre-empt any Turkish offensive by striking a deal with Russia to turn nearby villages under its control over to Syrian government forces loyal to President Bashar al-Assad. As part of that deal, a Syrian government convoy with humanitarian aid began to make its way to Manbij, escorted by Russian armored vehicles, which halted just short of the town. At the same time, American troops in Stryker fighting vehicles and armored Humvees flying large American flags began to appear in and around Manbij to dissuade Turkish-backed militias and other groups from attacking the area. The American troops include a unit of Army Rangers, who appear to have been sent to northern Syria from the base American forces use in Erbil, Iraq. It was an unusually public role for Army Rangers, who often prefer to operate in the shadows. Capt. Jeff Davis, a Pentagon spokesman, said Monday that the American deployment was intended as a “visible sign of deterrence and reassurance.” “We are concerned about anybody who views Manbij as needing to be liberated,” he added. One American official described the situation around Manbij as a potential tinderbox. There have already been a couple of friendly fire incidents, including a Russian airstrike last week that hit Syrian Arab fighters trained by the Americans. The worry is that a small incident could rapidly escalate and undermine the Americanbacked push to capture Raqqa, the capital of the Islamic State’s selfstyled caliphate. “There is a need for an effective coordination in the efforts to clear Syria of all terror groups because so many countries are involved there,” Binali Yildirim, the Turkish prime minister, said of the generals meeting. “That’s the real aim of the meeting.” The challenge facing the United States and Turkey, however, goes well beyond drawing clear battle lines. American Special Operations Forces regard the Y.P.G. — the Syrian Kurdish militia that is officially known as the People’s Protection Units — as an effective battlefield ally whose participation is vital to roll back the Islamic State in Syria. While President Trump has yet to decide the matter, American commanders have also argued for equipping the Y.P.G. with armored vehicles, heavy machine guns and anti-tank missiles so they could join the operation to seize Raqqa. Turkey, which has cast the Kurdish militias as terrorists, has vociferously objected to such a move. The American military has tried to develop ways to reassure Turkey, including by increasing the number of Syrian Arabs that would be used to take Raqqa. Eric Schmitt contributed reporting.
THE NEW YORK TIMES, WEDNESDAY, MARCH 8, 2017
N
A7
A8
0
THE NEW YORK TIMES INTERNATIONAL WEDNESDAY, MARCH 8, 2017
N
Korea Tensions Present Trump With Early, and Perilous, Test From Page A1 dangers of the North’s latest surge in nuclear and missile testing. The dual approach seemed evident on Wednesday when China’s foreign minister, Wang Yi, said, “The two sides are like two accelerating trains coming toward each other, and neither side is willing to give way.” “Our priority now is to flash the red light and apply brakes,” Mr. Wang said at a news conference in Beijing. He said that North Korea should suspend its nuclear and missile activities and that in exchange, South Korea and the United States should suspend large-scale joint military exercises, laying the way to new negotiations with North Korea. President Trump got personally engaged in the problem on Monday night, after North Korea launched four ballistic missiles, aimed toward Japan, that the North Koreans later described as practice for hitting American bases there. Japan’s prime minister, Shinzo Abe, said he spoke with Mr. Trump for 25 minutes, adding, “I appreciate that the United States is showing that all the options are on the table,” usually code words for raising the possibility of a military response. To conservatives in South Korea’s crisis-racked government, the antimissile system is exactly the kind of strong action needed to counter the North’s belligerence and demonstrate unity with Mr. Trump, who had suggested during the campaign that Asian nations needed to do far more to defend themselves. But South Korea remains deeply divided about the one response already underway: the deployment of the Terminal High Altitude Area Defense System, or Thaad. It is designed to intercept short- and medium-range missiles, but not the kind of intercontinental missiles that the North says it is developing to reach the United States. Many South Koreans oppose it and worry about China’s moves to block South Korean imports because of Beijing’s continued insistence that Thaad is aimed at containing Chinese power, not the missile capabilities of Kim Jongun, the North Korean leader. Japan is urging stronger American action, but remains uncertain about how much it wants to commit when a conflict with the North — deliberate or accidental — once again looks like a real possibility. The combination of military and diplomatic tensions suddenly unleashed in Asia comes before Mr. Trump’s full national security team is in place, and before it has a well-thought-out strategy. Secretary of State Rex W. Tillerson, who will travel to the region next week — stopping in Tokyo; Seoul, South Korea; and Beijing — has never dealt with a proliferation problem like this one. Defense Secretary Jim Mattis has already been to Seoul on one visit, but was there mostly to reassure the country that, despite Mr. Trump’s statements last year, the United States remains committed to its defense. The new national security adviser, Lt. Gen. H. R. McMaster, has focused more on counterinsurgency than dealing with the peculiar problem of a nucleararmed failing state. In three meetings at the White House — more than on any other foreign policy problem — the National Security Council deputies have considered a range of options, and have already come to the predictable conclusion that a dramatic show of force, like attacks on the North’s missile and nuclear sites, would probably start a war. The New York Times reported this weekend that the Obama administration had created a cyberand electronic-warfare program to slow the North’s missile tests, but that it was unclear how effective it had been, particularly in reJavier C. Hernández and Motoko Rich contributed reporting.
By WAI MOE and MIKE IVES
KOREAN CENTRAL NEWS AGENCY
This photograph distributed by North Korea’s state news agency on Tuesday purports to show the launch of four ballistic missiles. cent months. The North Koreans have made the most of this period of uncertainty and transition. Their spedup testing seems intended to send a message that they can overwhelm antimissile defenses, deploying missiles faster than the United States and its allies can put countermeasures in place. And they hold an ace card: an ability to destroy Seoul with artillery buried in the mountains just north of the Demilitarized Zone, a remnant of the Korean War. In the North’s view, the American rush to put missile defenses around it only splits the global community, pushing China and Russia closer to Pyongyang, as American officials acknowledge when speaking on the condition of anonymity. Mr. Tillerson is focused on ways to pressure China, while trying to set up a first meeting between President Xi Jinping and Mr. Trump. But the two nations’ leaders are conducting a balancing act. Mr. Xi’s is the hardest, trying to weigh his opposition to North Korea’s nuclear program against his conviction that a North Korean collapse would be far worse. The Trump administration is measuring how hard it can press Beijing. It is mulling negotiations to “freeze” the North’s nuclear arsenal, but that would also acknowledge it as a fact. “You may not want to acknowl-
edge that North Korea has 12 or 20 weapons,” said Robert Litwak of the Woodrow Wilson Center for International Scholars, the author of the new study “Preventing North Korea’s Nuclear Breakout,” “but wouldn’t a freeze be better than looking at 100 weapons a few years from now?” That is exactly the debate taking place in the White House, as Mr. Trump’s aides try to figure out their alternatives, including
A missile shield that divides South Korea and inflames China. changing the security landscape with a major military buildup or, if needed, an open conflict with North Korea. The current, slow-burning crisis arose not from one episode, but from Mr. Kim’s broader strategy over the past year: to accelerate the pace of nuclear and missile tests so his arsenal becomes a fait accompli, something the United States cannot hope to reverse. When North Korea launched four Scud-ER ballistic missiles on Monday, it tried to demonstrate an ability to simultaneously launch
multiple missiles at American bases in Japan and at American aircraft carriers around the Korean Peninsula, South Korean military officials said Tuesday. The ability to launch a barrage of missiles increases the chances of breaching an antimissile shield. But the types of midrange missiles North Korea has launched in recent months — including the Scud-ERs, with a 620-mile range — pose another problem for South Korea. Some of the missiles have been launched at a steep angle to achieve a higher altitude and return to earth at high speed, techniques that appear intended to complicate intercepting them. American military officials said the recent tests were a particular concern because they illustrated Pyongyang’s ability to carry out a salvo of launches and on very short notice. “What we saw this weekend was demonstration of a near-term simultaneous launch,” said Vice Adm. James D. Syring, the director of the Pentagon’s Missile Defense Agency. “That is something beyond what we have seen in the past.” For Washington and Seoul, the rush to field Thaad is as much about politics as missile interception. American officials have repeatedly warned China that its failure to rein in North Korea’s nuclear and missile programs would force the United States to deploy
U.S. FORCES KOREA, VIA ASSOCIATED PRESS
Equipment for a Thaad missile defense system arriving Monday at a base in South Korea.
missile defenses in the region. Seoul’s interim government wants to deploy the antimissile system before a progressive leader, skeptical of the deployment, can take power in a coming presidential election. But progressives have held deep reservations about the Thaad deployment, seeing it as part of the United States’ effort to wrap the South into an anti-China coalition and arms race. They have already mounted a case against it. On Tuesday, Woo Sang-ho, the floor leader of the main opposition Democratic Party, warned, “Our business are dying; our people residing in China are being threatened.” Hong Ik-pyo, a senior policy maker in the opposition, said the Thaad deployment would do more harm than good for South Korea, whose economy depends on exports for growth and reaps a huge annual trade surplus with China. “They say this is only to defend us from North Korea, but everyone knows this is part of the American missile defense plan,” Mr. Hong said. “China sees the Thaad deployment in South Korea the way the Americans saw the Cuban missile crisis in the 1960s.” The Chinese government said Tuesday that it continued to oppose the deployment of Thaad. Chinese leaders have struggled to grapple with the unpredictable styles of Mr. Kim and Mr. Trump. Now there are fears that the North might take advantage of the political discord to move ahead with its nuclear weapons program. “They have seized this opportunity, knowing that U.S. and China are clashing,” said Cheng Xiaohe, an associate professor of international studies at Renmin University in Beijing. In recent weeks, China has shown signs of toughening its stance on North Korea, including banning imports of coal from the North. Criticism of the North has also sharpened. On Tuesday, a state-run newspaper warned that North Korea should give up its weapons or “face long-lasting isolation and pressure.” Yet policy makers in Beijing failed to grasp how Washington and its allies regarded North Korea’s nuclear program as getting closer to a dangerous threshold of being able to place a warhead on an intercontinental ballistic missile, said Paul Haenle, the director of the Carnegie-Tsinghua Center at Tsinghua University in Beijing. “That’s a game-changer,” he added.
Malaysia Says North Korea Is ‘Holding Our Citizens Hostage’ By RICHARD C. PADDOCK
BANGKOK — Malaysia’s prime minister on Tuesday accused North Korea of “holding our citizens hostage” and instructed the police to prevent all North Koreans from leaving Malaysia until he was assured of the safety of Malaysians in North Korea. The announcement by the prime minister, Najib Razak, followed a decision by North Korea to bar all Malaysians from leaving the country until there was a “fair settlement” of a dispute over the assassination of Kim Jong-nam, the half brother of North Korea’s leader, at Kuala Lumpur International Airport in Malaysia. “This abhorrent act, effectively holding our citizens hostage, is in total disregard of all international Choe Sang-Hun contributed reporting from Seoul, South Korea, and Motoko Rich from Tokyo.
Rebel Attacks In Myanmar Kill Dozens, Officials Say
law and diplomatic norms,” Mr. Najib said of North Korea’s action. The developments were a drastic escalation in the diplomatic dispute over Mr. Kim’s killing. The Malaysian police have said that several North Koreans are suspects. Mr. Najib convened an emergency meeting of the Malaysian National Security Council in the evening. In its statement on Tuesday, North Korea said it would “temporarily ban the exit of Malaysian citizens” until the safety of North Korean diplomats and citizens in Malaysia was “fully guaranteed through the fair settlement of the case that occurred in Malaysia,” the state-run Korean Central News Agency reported. It was unclear what resolution to the Kim case North Korea was seeking. But it has rejected the findings of the Malaysian police that Mr. Kim was poisoned by VX
nerve agent on Feb. 13, and it has demanded that his body be handed over to the North Korean Embassy. The Malaysian police want to question several North Koreans in the case, including a diplomat. Malaysian officials said there were 11 Malaysians in the North who could be affected by the North Korean ban, including embassy staff members, their family members and two workers for the United Nations. After the security council meeting, Mr. Najib wrote on Twitter, “I know that the family and friends of our fellow Malaysians detained in North Korea are anxiously anticipating news of their loved ones.” He added, “You can rest assured that we are doing our very best to secure their safe return.” About 1,000 North Koreans are believed to live and work in Malaysia; until Monday, they had been allowed to enter the country
without a visa. “As a peace-loving nation, Malaysia is committed to maintaining friendly relations with all countries,” Mr. Najib said on Tuesday. “However, protecting our citizens is my first priority, and we will not hesitate to take all measures necessary when they are threatened.” Mr. Kim, the elder half brother of the North Korean leader, Kim Jong-un, was killed when two women rubbed poison on his face at the airport, the Malaysian police said. The women, one from Vietnam and one from Indonesia, have been arrested and charged with murder. The Malaysian police, who conducted an autopsy of Mr. Kim’s body over North Korea’s objections, concluded that he had been poisoned by VX nerve agent, a banned chemical weapon known to be in North Korea’s arsenal. North Korea has suggested that
he died of heart failure and has accused Malaysia of working with other countries to defame it. “Once it denied responsibility for the assassination, North Korea had no option but to push back in a tit-for-tat escalation,” Kim Yonghyun, a professor of North Korean studies at Dongguk University in Seoul, South Korea, said on Tuesday. “Offense is the best defense for the North.” The police are seeking seven North Korean men in connection with Mr. Kim’s killing. The other four are believed to have returned to North Korea. Khalid Abu Bakar, Malaysia’s top police official, confirmed on Tuesday that at least two suspects had taken refuge at the North Korean Embassy and that North Korea had refused a request to hand them over. “The North Korean authorities are not cooperating with us in this investigation,” he said.
YANGON, Myanmar — Thirty people were killed during a rebel group’s attacks on a town in eastern Myanmar on Monday, the government said, in an escalation of a long-running conflict that had already forced tens of thousands of refugees to flee into neighboring China. The office of Myanmar’s de facto leader, Daw Aung San Suu Kyi, said in a statement Monday evening that the rebel group, known as the Myanmar National Democratic Alliance Army, had attacked a hotel, casinos and police and army posts in the town of Laukkai, in Shan State. The group is composed of fighters from the Kokang, an ethnic Chinese group that has strong linguistic and trading ties to China. “Based on initial information, many innocent civilians, including a primary-school teacher, were killed,” the statement said. It added that 20 of the 30 bodies were badly burned and therefore unidentifiable, and that the other victims were civilians and traffic police officers. In a separate statement on Monday, Ms. Aung San Suu Kyi said, “I would like to strongly urge all the armed groups to abandon armed attacks that can bring about nothing but sorrows and sufferings on the innocent local tribes and races, and to join the dialogue for national peace.” Video clips circulating online and in Myanmar’s news media on Tuesday showed burning buildings in Laukkai and rebels exchanging fire with the military. Ashin Kaysara, a monk who lives on the Chinese side of the border, said in an interview on Tuesday that refugees had crossed into China and were staying with relatives or in religious buildings, including his monastery. Ko Maung Kyaw, a witness in Laukkai, said in an interview that he had seen uniformed Kokang fighters attack on Monday with rocket-propelled grenades and other weapons, destroying a hotel, and that the sounds of fighting had continued until about 7 a.m. on Tuesday. “I’m not staying here any longer,” he said. Myanmar Army tanks were patrolling the town’s streets, he added, and bus tickets to Lashio, another town in Shan State, had risen overnight to about $73 from $6. The attacks came as the government doubles down on an effort to broker peace with many of the armed ethnic groups that have long operated in Myanmar’s hinterlands. The next round of talks in a nationwide peace dialogue that began last summer in Naypyidaw, the capital, is scheduled to take place this month. Myanmar’s previous government, a military junta, signed a cease-fire agreement with eight armed ethnic groups in 2015, but many questions were left unresolved, such as how the central government and the ethnic regions would share power. Another problem was that the agreement, which primarily included armed groups near Myanmar’s border with Thailand, did not cover groups in a wide stretch of territory along the Chinese border, including the Kokang rebels. The Kokang conflict is especially delicate because it touches on Myanmar’s strained relationship with China, which once staunchly supported the junta that held Ms. Aung San Suu Kyi under house arrest for 15 years. Wariness toward Chinese officials and investors runs high across Myanmar, formerly Burma. The Kokang rebels are led by Peng Jiasheng, who until 1989 received support from the Communist Party of Burma, a now-defunct offshoot of the Chinese Communist Party. U Min Zaw Oo, a political analyst in Yangon who advises a government peace commission, said that he believed the rebel group currently had 1,000 to 1,500 fighters and that it targeted casinos in Laukkai controlled by rivals in the Kokang community who are loyal to the Myanmar government. On Tuesday in Beijing, a spokesman for the Chinese Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Geng Shuang, said some residents from the Myanmar side of the border had recently fled to safety in China. “China is highly concerned about the military clashes recently in the Kokang region,” he said at a regular news briefing. The attacks in Laukkai underscored how the Kokang rebels and other armed groups along the border with China were actively trying to subvert the peace process, Mr. Min Zaw Oo said, even as groups along the Thai border have actively engaged in it. “I think that pattern may continue for a few more years,” he said. Wai Moe reported from Yangon, and Mike Ives from Hong Kong. Saw Nang contributed reporting from Mandalay, Myanmar, and Chris Buckley from Beijing.
THE NEW YORK TIMES INTERNATIONAL WEDNESDAY, MARCH 8, 2017
N
A9
ASTANA JOURNAL
Kazakh Capital, a Post-Soviet Creation, Grows Real Roots By ANNE BARNARD
ASTANA, Kazakhstan — The Astana Opera towers over a windswept plaza in this capital on the Central Asian steppe, a near-copy of Moscow’s neoclassical Bolshoi Theater, right down to the sculpture of galloping horses on the roof. Across a broad avenue stands the tilted, irregular cone of Khan Shatyr, a shopping mall designed as the world’s largest tent. Its roof is supported by a single slanting pole to evoke the nomadic history of the Kazakhs, a Turkic ethnic group slowly reasserting its identity after centuries of Russian rule. In between stands a fanciful construction all Astana’s own: one of the “ice cities” that dot the freezing capital in winter. Children scoot down ice slides, and at night, ice sculptures glow with candy-colored lights. Since the fall of the Soviet Union made Kazakhstan an independent state in 1991, it has been cultivating relationships with Russia, its longtime hegemon, and Turkey, which invested early in the new nation and shares some of its cultural roots. It’s easy to see why Astana was Russia’s choice to host a new track of Syrian peace talks this year. Convening talks five time zones east of Geneva — where talks have been sputtering along without progress for years — underscored what Russia’s president, Vladimir V. Putin, described recently as a desire for a “post-West” international order. Astana also represents the success of Kazakhstan’s leader, Nursultan Nazarbayev, in managing Moscow. The country’s only president since independence — elected five times with 97.5 percent of the vote — Mr. Nazarbayev has created a kind of “authoritarian lite” system that has more in common with the strongman rule in Russia, and increasingly in Turkey, than with Europe. He has sought to strike a balance between accommodating Russian power and pushing back, and Kazakhstan has avoided the territorial disputes with Russia and the ethnic and religious conflicts that have plagued other post-Soviet states. “We don’t have such problems,” said Abzal Abdiev, 25, who gave me and two friends an amateur tour of Astana, pointing out the sights with evident pride. The city’s very existence embodies the anxious, centuries-old dance between Moscow and the mostly Muslim regions that line Russia’s southern periphery, from the states and semiautonomous republics of the Caucasus region north of Turkey all the way to Kazakhstan’s eastern tip, farther east than Kathmandu. When I first visited Kazakhstan in 1993, Astana did not exist. I was sent by my editor at The Moscow Times to buttonhole
PHOTOGRAPHS BY ANNE BARNARD/THE NEW YORK TIMES
RUSSIA
500 MILES
Astana
KAZAKHSTAN Almaty UZB BEK K. TU URKMEN.
KYRGYZ. GYZ Z CHINA TAJIK.
IRAN AFGHANISTAN FG PAKISTAN
INDIA
THE NEW YORK TIMES
Clockwise from top, a view from the Rixos President Astana Hotel in Kazakhstan, where Syrian peace negotiations have taken place. A portrait of President Nursultan Nazarbayev and paintings of scenes from Kazakh history in Kazakhstan’s National Museum. The Hazrat Sultan Mosque. Kazakh officials often sound themes of religious coexistence and moderate Islam. Mr. Nazarbayev at a ribboncutting for a power plant in the country’s remote north, near the Russian border. A Russian nationalist parliamentarian, Vladimir Zhirinovsky, had been calling for Russia to seize back the mostly ethnically Russian area, where he was born. Mr. Nazarbayev brushed off the threat; Russia was weakened then, and any such move was unlikely. But a few months later, he decreed that the capital would move from Almaty — the country’s largest city, in the more populous, more ethnically Kazakh south — to the northern steppe. The move demonstrated power and ambition, but also placed a marker on the map, shoring up Kazakhstan’s possession of the area.
Astana was built in a hurry, by renaming and augmenting a provincial town called Akmola (in the Soviet era, Tselinograd). Mr. Nazarbayev was turning Kazakhstan into a resource-rich, consequential state, winning vast Caspian Sea gas fields in negotiations with Russia and cultivating global approval by giving up Soviet nuclear weapons left on his territory. He recruited famous international architects like Norman Foster to dot Astana with structures of his own conception, like a tower with a gilded globe evoking a golden egg from Kazakh legend. More than one public building has an imprint of his palm where citizens place their hands for good luck. Today, Astana is sometimes
nicknamed the “Dubai of the North,” bustling with business travelers and offering tourists and residents indoor entertainment in forbidding weather. Its answer to steamy Dubai’s indoor ski slope is a beach club, complete with sand, on the top level of the Khan Shatyr mall. When he dreamed up the city, Mr. Nazarbayev had been dealt a potentially explosive challenge: The population was about evenly divided between ethnic Russians, many unenthusiastic about suddenly being citizens of Kazakhstan, and Kazakhs, estranged by Soviet rule from their language and from an Islamic tradition layered on older shamanism. Astana hints at his approach to the problem. Mr. Nazarbayev has
sought to forge a national identity separate from Russia but not too exclusive of Russians, now a large minority. And he has led a restoration of Kazakh and Islamic identity, embedded firmly in state-imposed moderation — with a dose of a personality cult. The National Museum greets visitors with a two-story portrait of Mr. Nazarbayev decked in medals and flanked with murals from Kazakh history. Exhibits highlight Kazakh crafts and horsemanship, battles with czarist Russia, proud moments in Soviet history (the space program, the World War II victory). But they also document hunger and privation in a prison camp for dissidents’ wives and children where Astana now stands. Mr. Abdiev, our guide, was
born a year after independence, but his elders, he said, remember Soviet days as “bad times,” when food was rationed and “you couldn’t get good shoes.” Things are better now, he said, pointing out neon-lit toy stores, affordable Turkish clothing shops, modest but sturdy apartment blocks, glassy luxury towers and a CrossFit Astana. Mr. Abdiev grew up in an agricultural area farther south, training colts and riding bareback; his family, ethnic Kazakhs, raised horses for riding and meat, the national delicacy. His early playmates, he said, were Russian neighbors, and all the children spoke both languages. In the Hazrat Sultan Mosque, the largest in Central Asia, detailed instructions on how to pray are written in Kazakh — though not Russian — for people still learning the religion, pointing them to Muslim.Kz for more information. Its soaring dome and intricate decoration are reminiscent of Istanbul’s Blue Mosque, but with lighter blues — recalling the turquoise of the Kazakh flag. Kazakh officials often sound themes of religious coexistence and moderate Islam, which is reassuring to neighboring Russia, home to 20 million Muslims. Mr. Putin recently noted that 4,000 Russian citizens and 5,000 citizens of other post-Soviet states had joined Islamist insurgents in Syria, a concern cited as one reason for Russia’s intervention there. Mr. Nazarbayev has promised political reforms to bring in a new, less powerful president. Still, Kazakhstan falls short of democracy and good governance, ranking poorly in indexes of corruption and press freedom. In smaller, less favored towns, conditions can be far worse, with rickety infrastructure and coal pollution. For now, Astana, an artificially created city, is growing some roots of a real one. At the Astana Opera one night, the gilded and red velvet hall was packed. Latecomers skittered across the marble floor to avoid missing the curtain. Dancers, mostly Kazakh but also from other former Soviet republics, performed excerpts from Russian classical ballets. Posters advertised newer productions based on Kazakh folk tales. At intermission, patrons sported clothing as stylish as any in Moscow. Couples posed with mannequins in costumes designed for classic Russian operas and ballets but featuring Central Asian fabrics, hats and jewelry. Little girls twirled like ballerinas. Asked why he was driving a cab in subzero Astana instead of raising horses down south, Mr. Abdiev, the guide, answered like any young fortune seeker. “Well,” he said simply, “it’s the capital.”
Dutch Worry About New Player in Elections: American Conservatives’ Cash From Page A1 have been interested in our politics,” he said. “Maybe we underestimated ourselves.” The Dutch parliamentary elections next Wednesday are the kickoff for a pivotal political year in Europe. Other elections loom in France, Germany and possibly Italy. With the viability of the European Union at stake, anxieties are rising about foreign interference, with European intelligence agencies warning that Russia is working to help far-right parties through hacking and disinformation campaigns. But sympathy for Europe’s far right is also coming from Americans who share similar views and are willing to contribute money to help the cause. Measuring this outside support is difficult, though, because many European countries have leaky, opaque accountability systems on campaign finance. France, Germany and the Netherlands have only published campaign finance data from as recently as 2014 or 2015. And only the Netherlands will update that information with more disclosures before Election Day. New campaign finance data is expected to be released on Wednesday. Though Europe is generally known for its public financing of elections, parties are increasingly seeking outside donations, especially since regulatory loopholes abound. In Germany, the far-right Alternative for Germany sold gold bars and coins in a strategy to inflate its revenue and, through a quirk of the rules, increase its access to public funds, until the practice was banned by Parliament. German parties have also sought to divert public funds provided to parliamentary caucuses. “It’s illegal but basically done everywhere” in Germany, said Christoph Möllers, a professor of Aurelien Breeden contributed reporting, Palko Karasz contributed research.
public law and legal philosophy at Humboldt University of Berlin. While France bars contributions from businesses, loans are allowed. A Russian bank made headlines in recent years after lending millions of euros to the far-right National Front party of Marine Le Pen. After that bank failed last year, the party complained that it had been shunned by French banks and declared itself in the market for a new lender. If nothing else, European farright parties are gaining newly emboldened allies. “I expect the Trump administration to be more open to these parties than Obama, certainly,” said Representative Steve King, an Iowa Republican who is an ally of both President Trump and the European far right, having met with various party leaders during a recent European trip. The State Department, in a statement, declined “to comment on political parties in foreign elections.” Mr. Horowitz, who has long sounded alarms on Muslim immigration, first rallied to Mr. Wilders’s side after the Dutch politician was put on trial in 2010, accused of inciting hatred against Muslims with a film he made that attacked the Quran; he was acquitted the next year. Mr. Wilders was more recently found guilty of incitement after leading an antiMoroccan chant at a rally, though he avoided a fine. “I think he’s the Paul Revere of Europe,” Mr. Horowitz said in an interview. “Geert Wilders is a hero, and I think he’s a hero of the most important battle of our times, the battle to defend free speech,” he added, calling the situation in Europe a “nightmare.” Though Mr. Horowitz’s donations adhere to Dutch standards, there was some question of whether they comply with American law. Organized as a 501(c)(3) under American tax law, Mr. Horowitz’s foundation is barred from making donations to political organiza-
SERGEY PONOMAREV FOR THE NEW YORK TIMES
The far-right politician Geert Wilders campaigning last month in Spijkenisse, the Netherlands. tions. The donations went to the Friends of PVV, according to Dutch records, a foundation covered by political disclosure rules. Michael Finch, the president of Mr. Horowitz’s foundation, said in an email that “the funds that were sent to Geert Wilders were to help him in his legal cases” and “were not political donations.” But donations to foreign political entities are problematic, tax experts said. “The I.R.S. views foreign political organizations as the same as domestic political organizations — not appropriate for a charity to support,” said Marcus S. Owens, a partner at Loeb & Loeb, and former director of the Exempt Organizations Division of the Internal Revenue Service, in an email. He added, “The I.R.S. also views a charity that is controlled by a political organization as transgressing federal tax rules.” Mr. Horowitz said he was not
certain if the foundation had given additional funds to Mr. Wilders’s party this year or last year. Mr. Wilders’s backing of Israel, where he once lived, has set him apart from other far-right groups, and he has courted American Jews. Daniel Pipes, another conservative American activist and a Harvard-educated historian known for his controversial statements on Islam, said in an email exchange that he hoped “the rise of the insurgent parties leads not to their forming governments but their sending a strong message to the legacy parties to wake up and deal with the imperative issues they have so long ignored.” Mr. Pipes said his foundation, the Middle East Forum, provided money in the “six figures” to help pay legal bills in Mr. Wilders’s trial over the film, but specifically to a legal fund, and has not provided political support. Mr. Pipes has called Mr. Wilders “the most im-
portant European alive today,” but has differed with him on his view of Islam, though he himself has expressed inflammatory views on the subject. Dutch records also show that two American foundations paid for Mr. Wilders’s flights and hotels on trips to the United States last year. One, the Gatestone Institute, lists John R. Bolton, a combative former United Nations ambassador under President George W. Bush, as its chairman. Another, the International Freedom Alliance Foundation, is backed by Robert J. Shillman, a wealthy Trump supporter who paid for a digital ad in Times Square last year depicting Mr. Trump as Superman. The travel payments were previously reported by Foreign Policy magazine. Lawmakers and academics say the European public has seen little need for tight campaign finance regulations because political cam-
paigning in Europe has historically been far more restrained than in the United States. “The campaigns don’t seem to be that relevant,” Professor Möllers said. “You see campaign finance is spent for posters, and no one believes that changes the game.” Now, however, European political campaigns could become more expensive as parties turn to data-driven persuasion efforts similar to those used in the United States, even if they are limited by European data-protection laws. The Dutch Green Party, for instance, has licensed software from Blue State Digital, a prominent American data consultancy. Guillaume Liegey, co-founder and chief executive of Liegey Muller Pons, a data consulting firm, was an adviser to President François Hollande’s 2012 campaign in France, one of the first in Europe to use data-driven techniques. “The idea of using data and technology has since then become more of a standard in today’s European campaigns,” he said in an email. He now consults for the campaign of Emmanuel Macron, a left-leaning politician who is a front-runner in the French presidential race, which takes place in two stages in April and May. Few dispute the stakes. Mr. Wilders and Ms. Le Pen, the French far-right leader, are running strong in polls, though both are considered long shots to win control of their governments. If either did win, it could be a devastating blow to the euro currency union, as well as the European Union itself, an outcome that many analysts regard as a foreign policy disaster. Mr. Horowitz disagrees, and portrays the European Union as the disaster. “To have this Parliament that represents nobody in Brussels making laws for everybody, it’s very anti-democratic,” Mr. Horowitz said. “I always thought it was a bad idea.”
A10
THE NEW YORK TIMES INTERNATIONAL WEDNESDAY, MARCH 8, 2017
N
K
Documents Reignite Tensions Between Tech World and Spy Agencies By VINDU GOEL and NICK WINGFIELD
SAN FRANCISCO — Four years ago, Edward J. Snowden’s disclosures that the federal government was hacking America’s leading technology companies threw the industry into turmoil. Now WikiLeaks has shaken the tech world again by releasing documents Tuesday that appear to show that the Central Intelligence Agency had acquired an array of cyberweapons that could be used to break into Apple and Android smartphones, Windows computers, automotive computer systems, and even smart televisions to conduct surveillance on unwitting users. Major technology companies, including Apple, Google and Microsoft, were trying to assess how badly their core products had been compromised. But one thing clearly had been ruptured yet again: trust between intelligence agencies and Silicon Valley. “After the Snowden disclosures, the Obama administration worked hard to re-establish relationships and government-industry partnerships,” said David Gutelius, chief executive of the marketing technology company Daisuke Wakabayashi contributed reporting.
Motiva, who has worked with the federal government on national security projects. “This leak will challenge those ties to some extent. But I don’t see companies simply walking away from the table as a result of this. Government and industry still need one another.” The tense relationship between the technology industry and government agencies has been well documented. After the disclosures by Mr. Snowden, a former contractor for the National Security Agency, the government appeared to give some ground to the industry, which was angered by previously unknown snooping on their products and embarrassed by disclosures of their cooperation with intelligence agencies. The government allowed companies to describe in broad terms the number of secret court orders for access to customer information that they receive. President Barack Obama also promised that the government would share knowledge of security flaws so that they could be fixed. But last year, relations soured again after Apple resisted a Justice Department request for help accessing the iPhone of one of the attackers in the 2015 shooting in San Bernardino, Calif. As the company’s chief executive, Timothy D. Cook, explained in a letter to
customers at the time, “The government is asking Apple to hack our own users and undermine decades of security advancements that protect our customers.” In that case, the government eventually found a way into the phone without Apple’s assistance. The documents posted by WikiLeaks suggest that the C.I.A. had obtained information on 14 security flaws in Apple’s iOS operating system for phones and tablets. Apple said Tuesday night that many of those security issues had already been patched in the latest version of its software and it was working to address remaining vulnerabilities. The leaked documents also identified at least two dozen flaws in Android, the most popular operating system for smartphones, which was developed by Alphabet’s Google division. Google said it was studying the flaws identified by WikiLeaks. Android is more difficult to secure than Apple’s software because many phone makers and carriers use older or customized versions of the software. The documents released by WikiLeaks reveal numerous efforts by the C.I.A. to take control of Microsoft Windows, the dominant operating system for personal
computers, using malware. They include techniques for infecting DVDs and USB storage devices with malware that can be spread to computers when they are plugged in. “We’re aware of the report and are looking into it,” Microsoft said in a statement. Security experts said it was not surprising that the government had stockpiled flaws in major
WikiLeaks suggests that products have been compromised. technology products to use for spying. “The real scandal and damaging thing is not knowing these things exist, but that the C.I.A. could be so careless with them that they leaked out,” said Matthew D. Green, an assistant professor in the department of computer science at Johns Hopkins University. Inside technology companies, the revelations set off a scramble to assess the potential damage to the security of their products. The vulnerabilities, some of which were already known in the
security community, could leave individual users of computers, mobile phones and other devices open to being snooped on. Technology companies are likely to plug the holes, however, even as new ones are discovered by spy agencies and others. The more serious near-term effect could be on the reputation of the C.I.A. and the relationship between the technology industry and the intelligence community. Denelle Dixon, chief legal and business officer at Mozilla, which makes the Firefox web browser and was mentioned in the WikiLeaks trove, said that if the reports were accurate, the C.I.A. and WikiLeaks were undermining the security of the internet. “The C.I.A. seems to be stockpiling vulnerabilities, and WikiLeaks seems to be using that trove for shock value rather than coordinating disclosure to the affected companies to give them a chance to fix it and protect users,” Ms. Dixon said in a statement. “Although today’s disclosures are jarring, we hope this raises awareness of the severity of these issues and the urgency of collaborating on reforms.” Oren Falkowitz, a former N.S.A. official and the chief executive of the cyberdefense firm Area 1 Security, said that WikiLeaks, run by Julian Assange, had again suc-
ceeded in disrupting the status quo, as it did during last year’s presidential election with the release of emails from the Democratic National Committee. “If you understand the Assange playbook,” Mr. Falkowitz said, “a lot of it is just to create chaos.” But Mr. Falkowitz added that perhaps the most important message behind Tuesday’s leaks was that neither government agencies nor companies can trust their employees to keep their most precious information secret. “We expect governments to be involved in espionage,” he said. “What we don’t expect is that the people within these organizations would create vulnerabilities by disclosing them.” In a statement accompanying the documents, WikiLeaks said that the security flaws could easily fall into the wrong hands. “Once a single cyber ‘weapon’ is ‘loose’ it can spread around the world in seconds, to be used by rival states, cyber mafia and teenage hackers alike,” the organization said. It said it was still reviewing whether to release any of the underlying software code. The security flaws described by WikiLeaks are intended to target individual phones. They do not appear to give the intelligence agencies the ability to intercept electronic communications en masse.
WikiLeaks Trove Details C.I.A. Hacking Secrets From Page A1 advanced, persistent problem with operational security for these tools,” Mr. Chesney said. “We’re getting bit time and again.” There was no public confirmation of the authenticity of the documents, which were produced by the C.I.A.’s Center for Cyber Intelligence and are mostly dated from 2013 to 2016. But one government official said the documents were real, and a former intelligence officer said some of the code names for C.I.A. programs, an organization chart and the description of a C.I.A. hacking base appeared to be genuine. The agency appeared to be taken by surprise by the document dump on Tuesday morning. A C.I.A. spokesman, Dean Boyd, said, “We do not comment on the authenticity or content of purported intelligence documents.” In some regard, the C.I.A. documents confirmed and filled in the details on abilities that have long been suspected in technical circles. “The people who know a lot about security and hacking assumed that the C.I.A. was at least investing in these capabilities, and if they weren’t, then somebody else was — China, Iran, Russia, as well as a lot of other private actors,” said Beau Woods, the deputy director of the Cyber Statecraft Initiative at the Atlantic Council in Washington. He said the disclosures may raise concerns in the United States and abroad about “the trustworthiness of technology where cybersecurity can impact human life and public safety.” There is no evidence that the C.I.A. hacking tools have been used against Americans. But Ben Wizner, the director of the American Civil Liberties Union’s Speech, Privacy, and Technology Project, said the documents suggest that the government has deliberately allowed vulnerabilities in phones and other devices to persist to make spying easier. “Those vulnerabilities will be Scott Shane and Matthew Rosenberg reported from Washington, and Andrew W. Lehren from New York. Mark Mazzetti contributed reporting.
exploited not just by our security agencies, but by hackers and governments around the world,” Mr. Wizner said. “Patching security holes immediately, not stockpiling them, is the best way to make everyone’s digital life safer.” WikiLeaks did not identify the source of the documents, which it called Vault 7, but said they had been “circulated among former U.S. government hackers and contractors in an unauthorized manner, one of whom has provided WikiLeaks with portions of the archive.” WikiLeaks said the source, in a statement, set out policy questions that “urgently need to be debated in public, including whether the C.I.A.’s hacking capabilities exceed its mandated powers and the problem of public oversight of the agency.” The source, the group said, “wishes to initiate a public debate about the security, creation, use, proliferation and democratic control of cyberweapons.” But James Lewis, an expert on cybersecurity at the Center for Strategic and International Studies in Washington, raised another possibility: that a foreign state, most likely Russia, stole the documents by hacking or other means and delivered them to WikiLeaks, which may not know how they were obtained. Mr. Lewis noted that, according to American intelligence agencies, Russia hacked Democratic targets during the presidential campaign and gave thousands of emails to WikiLeaks for publication. “I think a foreign power is much more likely the source of these documents than a consciencestricken C.I.A. whistle-blower,” Mr. Lewis said. At a time of increasing concern about the privacy of calls and messages, the revelations did not suggest that the C.I.A. can actually break the encryption used by popular messaging apps. Instead, by penetrating the user’s phone, the agency can make the encryption irrelevant by intercepting messages and calls before their content is encrypted, or, on the other end, after messages are decrypted. WikiLeaks, which has sometimes been accused of recklessly leaking information that could do harm, said it had redacted names
JASON REED/REUTERS
The C.I.A. headquarters in Langley, Va. If the WikiLeaks documents are authentic, the release would be a blow to the agency. and other identifying information from the collection. It said it was not releasing the computer code for actual, usable weapons “until a consensus emerges on the technical and political nature of the C.I.A.’s program and how such ‘weapons’ should be analyzed, disarmed and published.” The code names used for projects revealed in the WikiLeaks documents appear to reflect the likely demographic of the cyberexperts employed by the C.I.A. — that is, young and male. There are numerous references to “Harry Potter,” Pokémon and Adderall, the drug used to treat hyperactivity. A number of projects were named after whiskey brands. Some were high-end single malt scotches, such as Laphroaig and Ardbeg. Others were from more pedestrian labels, such as Wild Turkey, which was described by its programmers, in mock dictionary style, as “(n.) A animal of the avian variety that has not been domesticated. Also a type of alcohol with a high proof (151).” Some of the details of the C.I.A. programs might have come from the plot of a spy novel for the cy-
berage, revealing numerous highly classified — and, in some cases, exotic — hacking programs. One program, code-named Weeping Angel, uses Samsung “smart” televisions as covert listening devices. According to the WikiLeaks news release, even when it appears to be turned off, the television “operates as a bug, recording conversations in the room and sending them over the internet to a covert C.I.A. server.” The release said the program was developed in cooperation with British intelligence. If C.I.A. agents did manage to hack the smart TVs, they would not be the only ones. Since their release, internet-connected televisions have been a focus for hackers and cybersecurity experts, many of whom see the sets’ ability to record and transmit conversations as a potentially dangerous vulnerability. In early 2015, Samsung started to include in the fine print terms of service for its smart TVs a warning that the television sets could capture background conversations. “Please be aware that if your spoken words include personal or other sensitive informa-
tion, that information will be among the data captured and transmitted to a third party through your use of Voice Recognition,” the warning said. Another program described in the documents, named Umbrage, is a voluminous library of cyberattack techniques that the C.I.A. has collected from malware produced by other countries, including Russia. According to the WikiLeaks release, the large number of techniques allows the C.I.A. to mask the origin of some of its attacks and confuse forensic investigators. The WikiLeaks material includes lists of software tools that the C.I.A. uses to create exploits and malware to carrying out hacking. Many of the tools are those used by developers around the world: coding languages, such as Python, and tools like Sublime Text, a program used to write code, and Git, a tool that helps developers collaborate. But the agency also appears to rely on software designed specifically for spies, such as Ghidra, which in one of the documents is described as “a reverse engineering environment created
by the N.S.A.” The Vault 7 release marks the latest in a series of huge leaks that have changed the landscape for government and corporate secrecy. In scale, the Vault 7 archive appears to fall into the same category as the biggest leaks of classified information in recent years, including the quarter-million diplomatic cables taken by Chelsea Manning, the former Army intelligence analyst, and given to WikiLeaks in 2010, and the hundreds of thousands of National Security Agency documents taken by Mr. Snowden in 2013. In the business world, the socalled Panama Papers and several other large-volume leaks have laid bare the details of secret offshore companies used by wealthy and corrupt people to hide their assets. Both government and corporate leaks have been made possible by the ease of downloading, storing and transferring millions of documents in seconds or minutes, a sea change from the use of slow photocopying for some earlier leaks, including the Pentagon Papers in 1971.
How Worried Should You Be About Your Phone, Computer or TV? By STEVE LOHR and KATIE BENNER
WikiLeaks on Tuesday released a significant cache of documents that it said came from a highsecurity network inside the Central Intelligence Agency. WikiLeaks called the documents Vault 7, and they lay out the capabilities of the agency’s global covert hacking program. How vulnerable is my smartphone? The software targeted by the hacking program included the most popular smartphone operating systems: Apple’s iOS and Google’s Android. The C.I.A. hacking initiative had a “mobile devices branch,” which developed an array of attacks on popular smartphones to infect and extract data, including a user’s location, audio and text messages, and to covertly activate a phone’s camera and microphone. Apple’s iPhone software, according to the documents, was a particular target, including the development of several “zero day” exploits — a term for attacking coding flaws the company would not have known about. Though Apple has only 15 percent of the global smartphone market, the intensive C.I.A. effort was probably explained by the “popularity of the iPhone among social, political, diplomatic and business elites.” Finding these vulnerabilities could in theory allow the spy agency to circumvent the kinds of security that stymied investigators who wanted to
gain access to the password-protected iPhone of one of the attackers in the 2015 mass shooting in San Bernardino, Calif. Google’s Android, the most widely used smartphone operating system, seemed to have received even more attention. By 2016, the C.I.A. had 24 weaponized Android “zero day” software programs. Did the C.I.A. directly target encryption software?
The C.I.A. focused on smartphone operating systems in large part to intercept messages before they could be encrypted, according to the WikiLeaks documents. So by targeting the phone’s underlying software, the C.I.A. was looking to bypass the encryption of WhatsApp, Signal, Telegram, Weibo and other smartphone communications applications. Were other kinds of devices targeted?
The C.I.A. also targeted Microsoft’s Windows personal computer software, other internet-connected computers, and home and industrial devices running the Linux operating system, according to the documents. There was a specific program to penetrate and take control of Samsung smart TVs. The program, code-named Weeping Angel, was intended to convert new digital televisions into “covert microphones.” The malware was developed in cooperation with the British spy agency MI5, according to the documents.
The Weeping Angel program puts the target TV in a “fake off” mode, according to the WikiLeaks documents. Then, with the owner believing the TV is turned off, the set works as a clandestine recording device, picking up conversations in the room and sending them over the internet to a C.I.A. server computer. And in October 2014, according to the documents, the C.I.A. was exploring technology to penetrate the vehicle control systems of cars. The documents do not detail the goal of the vehicle hacking program, but WikiLeaks speculated that it would “permit the C.I.A. to engage in nearly undetectable assassinations.” What is new about the C.I.A. program?
Using malware to hack into devices ranging from smartphones to webcams has been going on for years. Sometimes the intent is to steal information, like names, addresses and credit-card numbers for identity theft and fraud. Sometimes the goal seems to be to create havoc. Last year, for example, household and commercial webcams and router computers were taken over and used as launching pads to create socalled denial-of-service attacks that clogged portions of the internet and interrupted service for hours for people in parts of the United States. But the C.I.A. program seems to have been particularly sophisticated, far-reaching and focused on surveillance. Just how innovative the individual software techniques were will not be
known until independent computer security experts and scientists at the companies whose software was probed can examine the malware and tactics involved. What time period is covered by the documents?
WikiLeaks says the document dump will cover 2013 to 2016. The organization says this is the largest publication of intelligence documents in history. If the documents are accurate, did the C.I.A. violate commitments made by President Barack Obama?
In 2010, the Obama administration promised to disclose newly discovered vulnerabilities to companies like Apple, Google and Microsoft. But the WikiLeaks documents indicate that the agency found security flaws, kept them secret and then used them for surveillance and intelligence gathering. Why is it so hard to keep these cyberweapons under wraps?
Unlike nuclear weapons, which can be guarded and protected, cyberweapons are “just computer programs which can be pirated like any other,” WikiLeaks notes. “Since they are entirely comprised of information they can be copied quickly with no marginal cost.” There is a growing black market dedicated to trading these weapons, and governments from around the world will pay well for their discovery.
A11
WEDNESDAY, MARCH 8, 2017 N
Race Bias Is Found In Wrongful Convictions By NIRAJ CHOKSHI
PHOTOGRAPHS BY RYAN HENRIKSEN FOR THE NEW YORK TIMES
Farnam Street in Omaha. To save costs on maintaining city roads, Omaha has converted some of its paved streets, less than 10 miles in all, into gravel roads.
City’s Response To Costly Potholes? Go Back to Gravel
A study shows black people wait longer to be exonerated.
In Omaha, an Unusual Remedy To Cope With Years of Neglect By MITCH SMITH
OMAHA — After living more than 40 years along a road plagued by potholes, Jo Anne Amoura was excited to see city crews shred her block of Leavenworth Street into gravel. “I thought, ‘Oh my gosh, this is great. We’re going to get a new street,’” Ms. Amoura recalled. “And then we waited and waited and waited.” Fresh pavement never arrived. Only after the asphalt had been ripped out almost three years ago did Ms. Amoura and her neighbors learn that their street had been “reclaimed,” Omaha City Hall’s euphemism for unpaving a road. “It’s really kind of like living in the country in the city,” said Ms. Amoura, 74. Her neighbors sometimes hauled wheelbarrows full of scattered gravel back up the hill after big rainstorms. And her house, she says, is regularly smudged with dirt blowing in from the street. As in many big cities, the infrastructure here is crumbling, a problem exacerbated by decades of neglect and a network of residential roads, including Ms. Amoura’s, that have never met code. But Omaha’s solution is extreme: grinding paved streets into gravel as a way to cut upkeep costs. “I wouldn’t like it and neither do the residents that live on those streets,” said Mayor Jean Stothert, a Republican who
Infrastructure decay that’s right there, in front of your house. is nearing the end of her first term. “We are about 50 years behind where we should be as far as resurfacing and repair. I can’t catch up on 50 years of neglect in three or four years.” While President Trump has called for extensive investments in infrastructure, federally funded efforts are likely to go to decaying interstate highways and airports and dams. Some experts estimate that $1 trillion is needed to repair roads, bridges and rail lines over the next decade. But infrastructure is also decaying at the most local levels — on cul-de-sacs and in neighborhood playlots unlikely ever to see federal funding. So cities like Omaha have resorted to unusual solutions. In Youngstown, Ohio, officials closed off some uninhabited streets. In Gary, Ind., some of the city’s parks could close — a process city officials call “renaturing” — after years of neglect. And in one Michigan county, a deteriorating bridge was torn down, not replaced. “This isn’t something that happened over one year or two years,” said Brooks Rainwater, a senior executive and the director of the Center for City Solutions at
the National League of Cities. “This has been decades of not investing in our infrastructure.” Omaha’s most problematic streets were mostly built by developers decades ago who skimped on costs by paving with asphalt instead of concrete, and by forgoing sidewalks and sewers. In other cases, Omaha annexed suburban-looking neighborhoods with roads not built to city standards. For years, an uneasy truce persisted: Public works crews would fill potholes and perform other maintenance work on those roads, but insisted that residents pay if they wanted repaving. Those streets, labeled “unimproved” by the city, account for about 6 percent of Omaha’s roads. Then repair costs escalated, and potholes started going unfilled. On particularly troubled blocks, the city converted the asphalt surface into a gravelly dirt, a peculiar sight in middle- and upper-class neighborhoods in the center of a city. Only a small fraction of them, less than 10 miles, have been reclaimed. “I can’t even open my windows on that side of the house,” said Sharon Thonen, a retiree who lives on what is now a dirt road a block from a busy Starbucks. Children stopped riding their bikes on her street after the asphalt was ripped out, Ms. Thonen said. “During the summer, it’s just a dust bowl.” Residents have responded with angry phone calls, neighborhood meetings and at least one lawsuit. But Todd Pfitzer, the city’s assistant director of public works, said Omaha’s policy on unimproved roads is a matter of equity. When the houses were built two generations ago with subpar streets, he said, the builder and homeowner saved money. “Now you’re asking the rest of the citizens to come in and essentially subsidize you and rebuild your road,” Mr. Pfitzer said. Bringing all of Omaha’s unimproved streets up to city code would cost about $300 million, officials estimate. Still, for many homeowners, tearing up roads defies logic and sets back the stature of a city that by many metrics is thriving. Omaha, which has more residents than Miami or Minneapolis, has a growing population, a stable economy and a busy downtown with new developments and a glimmering baseball stadium that hosts the College World Series. “In grinding up streets and putting gravel roads in the middle of the core of your city, that damages the reputation, that damages the image and brand of a city,” said Heath Mello, a Democrat and former state lawmaker trying to unseat Ms. Stothert this spring. For her part, the mayor said that along with turning some roads to gravel, her administration also has increased annual funding for resurfacing by about $4 million. In fact, 27 states have seen such pavement-to-gravel conversions, a 2016 study found. But in most cases, streets were in rural areas or small towns, not major cit-
Black people convicted of murder or sexual assault are significantly more likely than their white counterparts to be later found innocent of the crimes, according to a review of nearly 2,000 exonerations nationwide over almost three decades. Innocent blacks also had to wait disproportionately longer for their names to be cleared than innocent whites, the review, released on Tuesday by the National Registry of Exonerations, found. Blacks wrongfully convicted of murder, for example, spent an average of three more years in prison before being released than whites who were cleared. “It’s no surprise that in this area, as in almost any other that has to do with criminal justice in the United States, race is the big factor,” said Samuel R. Gross, a University of Michigan law professor and a senior editor of the registry, a project of the law school that aims to provide data on false convictions to prevent them in the future. The analysis focuses on the three types of crimes for which exonerations are most common: murders, sexual assaults and drug-related offenses. It is based on 1,900 wrongful convictions from 1989 to mid-October of last year, about 47 percent of which involved exonerated black defendants. Because of limited data for other groups, the authors compared only black and white populations in detail. While the Tuesday report confirms what previous studies have found — that blacks make up a disproportionate share of the wrongfully convicted — it also uses the registry’s evergrowing collection of data to explore
“It’s really kind of like living in the country in the city.” JO ANNE AMOURA, about the gravel street in front of her house
“I can’t catch up on 50 years of neglect in three or four years.” JEAN STOTHERT, mayor of Omaha, referring to the city’s streets ies. And while other urban areas, such as Oklahoma City and Lincoln, Neb., have some gravel roads, those streets had never been paved. Public works experts say turning pavement to gravel can be a defensible strategy when it comes to old infrastructure and limited money. “In areas where there’s lower traffic, less use, perhaps the terrain is flat, it can totally make sense,” said Rick Brader, a road engineer for King County, Wash., who manages streets outside Seattle. But it is far from ideal. “I think that’s a step backwards in the infrastructure business,” said Mac Andrew, a retired public works director in the Kansas City area who was named one of the best in his field by the American Public Works Association. Given the complaints, Omaha has put in place a moratorium on “reclaiming” additional streets while a committee studies the issue. And the city has compromised with some homeowners by splitting the costs of repaving streets. Bruce Simon, the president of Omaha
Steaks, a major employer here, sued the mayor and the city last year after finding out that the asphalt road in front of his $2.3 million house was scheduled to be pulverized into gravel. He dropped the lawsuit after Ms. Stothert helped negotiate the 50-50 payment deal. “I got a road,” said Mr. Simon, who paid $5,200 to cover his share of the smooth new asphalt surface. “Did I like chucking out the five grand? No. Did I like spending the money with an attorney to deal with it? No.” About a mile away, on Leavenworth Street, Ms. Amoura and her neighbors are waiting to hear from City Hall about whether they will get a deal similar to Mr. Simon’s. But on other reclaimed streets, residents have scoffed at the notion that they should have to choose between living on gravel and paying for new pavement. “I’d like it to be the way it was,” said Ms. Thonen, who has lived in her home for more than 30 years and has no interest in splitting the cost of repaving with the city. “I pay my taxes.”
potential factors driving that disparity. “The causes we have identified run from inevitable consequences of patterns in crime and punishment to deliberate acts of racism,” write Mr. Gross and his fellow authors, Maurice Possley, a senior researcher, and Klara Stephens, a research fellow. When it comes to murder, black defendants account for 40 percent of those convicted of the crime, but 50 percent of those wrongfully convicted, they found. Whites accounted for 36 percent of wrongfully convicted murder defendants. A high murder rate within the black community contributes to the high number of wrongfully convicted black murder defendants, but it alone does not explain the disparity, the authors write. Racial bias may play a role. Only about 15 percent of all murders committed by black people involve white victims, yet 31 percent of blacks eventually cleared of murder convictions were initially convicted of killing white people, they found. Misconduct, such as hiding evidence, tampering with witnesses or perjury, may also have contributed to the racial disparity. The authors found such wrongdoing was present in 76 percent of cases in which black murder defendants were wrongfully convicted, but just 63 percent of cases in which white defendants were exonerated. The report’s authors found similar patterns for sexual assault, with 59 percent of all exonerations going to black defendants, compared with 34 percent for white defendants. Again, the authors concluded that racial bias may contribute to the disparity. Previous research has found that white Americans are more likely to misidentify black people for one another than white people, a phenomenon they said may play a role in eyewitness misidentification. The registry found eyewitness errors in 79 percent of sexual assault cases involving wrongfully convicted black defendants, compared with 51 percent in cases with exonerated white defendants. In a separate report released on Tuesday, the registry said it counted at least 166 exonerations last year in the United States, a record. Of those, 54 defendants were wrongfully convicted of homicides, 24 of sexual assaults and 15 of other violent crimes. At least 70 of the exonerations involved official misconduct. The registry data is based on a variety of sources, including nonprofit organizations that fight for the wrongfully convicted. Still, Mr. Gross said, there may be many that the group has missed. “There are probably more exonerations that we don’t know about than there are that we do know about,” he said.
A12
THE NEW YORK TIMES NATIONAL WEDNESDAY, MARCH 8, 2017
N
Train Crashes Into Bus In Mississippi, Killing 4 By MATTHEW HAAG
A freight train slammed into a charter bus full of people on their way to a casino on Tuesday afternoon in Biloxi, Miss., killing at least four onboard and injuring many more, the authorities said. The bus, which was near its destination in Biloxi on a trip from Austin, Tex., appeared to have gotten stuck on the tracks at a railroad crossing, the Biloxi Police Department said. About 50 people, including many members of a senior center in Texas, were on the bus when the crash occurred, around 2:10 p.m., and almost every passenger appeared to have some injuries, said the police chief, John Miller. “It’s a terrible tragedy,” Chief Miller said at a news conference, adding that the accident was the worst of its kind that he could recall in Biloxi. “It is a terrible, chaotic scene right now, but we have it under control.” A witness who called 911 and ran to the accident scene described a horrific sight: the locomotive, still running, tearing into the driver’s side of the bus and knocking people out of their seats. “I went out there, and I started hearing sirens,” said Bradley Raye, a manager at Hammett’s Auto Electric, about 200 feet from where the accident occurred. Passengers on the bus, which was operated by the Texas-based company Echo Transportation, said they were traveling from Austin, Chief Miller said. One passenger, Jim DeLaCruz, said the bus got stuck trying to cross the Manny Fernandez contributed reporting.
tracks, and the driver yelled for everyone to exit as the train barreled toward them. “We were trying to get off ourselves,” Mr. DeLaCruz said in a video interview with The Sun Herald in Biloxi. He escaped uninjured, but his wife appeared to have a leg injury and walked away from the accident with a firefighter tending her. “The train just kept coming and kept coming,” he said. Many of the passengers were from the Bastrop Senior Center, about 30 miles southeast of Austin. They had departed on Sunday morning for a six-day trip along the Gulf Coast, said Barbara Adkins, the center’s president. On Tuesday afternoon, the group was heading to a casino in Biloxi before stopping in New Orleans. Ms. Adkins said it appeared that some of the passengers were relatives traveling with members of the senior center, which hosts music, entertainment and art events for its members during the week. Gov. Greg Abbott of Texas and his wife, Cecilia, said they were upset by the crash. “Cecilia and I are deeply saddened by the loss of life in this tragic accident, and we extend our prayers to the families who lost loved ones and to all those affected by this tragedy,” they said in a statement. John Ferrari, the chief executive of the TBL Group, which operates Echo Transportation, said he was still gathering information about the crash. Echo, which has a fleet of 113 vehicles, mostly buses and vans, says on its website that it provides
JOHN FITZHUGH/THE SUN HERALD, VIA ASSOCIATED PRESS
A freight train hit a charter bus carrying about 50 people in Biloxi. The bus appeared to have been stuck on the tracks at a crossing. travel for schools, tour groups and corporations. Its vehicles have been involved in six crashes in the past two years, but only one resulted in injuries, federal records show. The freight train, which was operated by CSX, was en route to Mobile, Ala., from New Orleans and had three locomotives and 52 cars, the company said. No one on
the train was injured. “Our thoughts are with all involved,” the company said in a statement. The CSX rail line originates in New Orleans and runs along the Gulf of Mexico into Mississippi before turning north in Alabama toward Mobile. In Biloxi, the railroad cuts through the southern part of the city, near homes, an industrial
area and several casinos. The speed limit for trains there is 45 miles per hour. The crossing at Main Street, which has two gate arms with flashing lights, has been the site of several crashes in recent years, according to federal records. In 2014, a train barreled into a tractor-trailer that had gotten stuck on the tracks, injuring a person on
the train. Two months ago, the driver of a Pepsi delivery truck jumped out of the cab when his truck was stuck in the way of a train. A spokesman for CSX said the company would know more about the accident, including the speed of the train at the time of the crash, after its event recorder was reviewed.
THE NEW YORK TIMES NATIONAL WEDNESDAY, MARCH 8, 2017
A13
N
Town Fights To Pick How It’s Seen On the Web By DANIEL VICTOR
Should you visit Londonderry, N.H., about 45 miles northeast of Boston, you would be greeted by a friendly, roadside “Welcome to Londonderry� sign that pays tribute to its many apple orchards. Should you search for “Londonderry New Hampshire� on Google, you would be greeted by an image of five women holding long guns, with a man folding his arms at the center, beside a map of the town. At least, you would have been until Google relented to requests from local officials that the tech company remove the not-so-welcoming image from a “knowledge panel� box appearing at the top of search results. Local officials made several attempts in February to contact someone at Google but received no response. They had resigned themselves to the likelihood that the search giant would never concern itself with the issue, but the image was removed from the “knowledge panel� on Tuesday. (The map of the town remains.) Perhaps coincidentally, perhaps not, the image was removed less than one day after The New Hampshire Union Leader published an article about the town’s efforts to remove the photo, and hours after The New York Times sent an inquiry to Google’s press office. A Google spokeswoman declined to comment on why the image was removed. But the news was welcome to John Farrell, chairman of the town’s council. He said “three or four� residents had complained about the photo, which he felt didn’t accurately reflect the community. “If you Google other towns in New Hampshire, it really talks about the culture of the town, not
An image from a Google search result for Londonderry, N.H. The image was recently removed. (The map remains.) about one individual,� he said. “A town is about 25,000 people, not about one person.� In this case, that one person is Al Baldasaro, a state representative. The photo came from his wedding, and it caused a minor stir when the image surfaced in 2013. Mr. Baldasaro, who did not respond to a request for comment, was co-chairman of the national veterans’ coalition for President Trump’s campaign. He attracted national attention in August after saying that Hillary Clinton “should be put in the firing line and shot for treason.� Search interest in his name — the comments caused a national backlash — could have contributed to this image gaining larger prominence in Google’s opaque algorithms, which determine photo placement. He supported the town’s efforts to remove it from the Londonderry search results, according to The Union Leader. “It has no business being there,� he told the newspaper. Google declined to comment on how the image ended up there in the first place. Manipulating which photo appears in the “knowledge panel� is a desired skill of internet marketers — a restaurant owner would want an appetizing dish instead of a blurry shot of the building exterior — but it’s unusual for a government entity to concern itself with the image. Michael Ramsdell, the town’s legal counsel, sent a letter to Google on Feb. 17, but said on Tuesday that he never heard back from the company. In his correspondence, he said the town was not concerned with a connection to guns, but rather sought an image “that fairly represents the town of Londonderry.� He offered other points of pride for Google to feature, like the world-traveling high school marching band, and invited Google employees to visit the town. “Londonderry is a wonderful town of about 25,000 people who choose to live there because it offers a range of experiences from a regional airport to thriving apple orchards,� he wrote. “We are confident that your lasting image of Londonderry will have nothing to do with the photograph currently displayed upon a Google search of Londonderry.�
LINDSEY BAUMAN/THE HUTCHINSON NEWS, VIA ASSOCIATED PRESS
Man vs. Fire Brett Mattison working to extinguish flames as a wildfire burned on Sunday in Hutchinson, Kan. Fires raging across the Midwest have forced hundreds of people from their homes in parts of Kansas, Oklahoma, Texas and Colorado, and have killed at least four people, according to The Associated Press.
Threats to Jewish Centers ‘Are Not Isolated Incidents,’ Senators Say By JESS BIDGOOD
FRAMINGHAM, Mass. — As Tuesday brought another round of threats against Jewish institutions, the nation’s senators urged the Trump administration to take quick action to curb the episodes, which have left Jewish community centers deeply unsettled. “It has become clear that threats of violence against individual JCCs are not isolated incidents,� said the letter, which was signed by all 100 senators and addressed to the attorney general, Jeff Sessions; the secretary of homeland security, John Kelly; and the director of the F.B.I., James B. Comey. “We are concerned that the number of incidents is accelerating,� putting people at risk and threatening the centers, the letter said. The F.B.I. has been investigating, and last week, a St. Louis man, Juan Thompson, was charged with cyberstalking and accused of making at least eight of the threats nationwide. The authorities believe that Mr. Thompson, 31, was trying to harass his ex-girlfriend by pinning the threats on her. Tuesday’s round of calls, to 15 Jewish organizations in the United States and Canada, was the sixth since the beginning of the year. In all, 110 institutions have received 140 bomb threats, the Anti-Defamation League said. The threats, along with vandalism at Jewish cemeteries and graffiti of swastikas reported around the country, have raised concerns about a new round of antiSemitism. While President Trump has condemned the episodes, some critics argue that they are an outgrowth of the vitriol of last year’s presidential campaign, and of Mr. Trump’s tone during it. “We think it’s long overdue for the Department of Justice to announce a fully resourced criminal investigation into these crimes,� said Jonathan Greenblatt, the
chief executive of the Anti-Defamation League. “I mean, these are hate crimes.� Five day schools received threats on Tuesday, and Mr. Greenblatt said it was troubling that the perpetrators were disrupting such institutions. “It is inconvenient and uncomfortable when a bomb threat’s called into our office,� he said. “It’s much more concerning when preschool children are evacuated from their classrooms, or elderly patients are wheeled out of their rehab programs, or teens are whisked out of our after-school programs.� At the MetroWest Jewish Day
Calling on the Trump administration to respond to threats. School in Framingham, Mass., which shares a building with the Temple Beth Sholom synagogue on a hillside about 23 miles west of Boston, the threat interrupted Pajama Day. Students had already filed into class, wearing cozy pants and slippers, with many looking forward to lunchtime because it was the
one day of the month when the kosher kitchen offered meat: chicken nuggets, served with fries and vegetables. But the day took a dark turn when, at 9:46 a.m., a staff member picked up the phone and heard what seemed to be a recorded warning about a bomb. “We evacuated all the kids,� said Rav-Hazzan Scott Sokol, the head of the school and a cantor at the synagogue. “We told the kids initially it was a fire drill, obviously not to get them all concerned.� The students swapped their slippers for shoes, found their coats and went outside, where
they waited in the chilly morning air for buses to whisk them to another school nearby. “We were prepared, unfortunately, for this call,� Mr. Sokol said. “We were not exactly expecting it, but not surprised that it happened.� After bomb-sniffing dogs cleared the building, the students returned for a long recess and their chicken nuggets. Mr. Sokol was preparing to explain why they had really evacuated. “I’d rather not lie to them about a fire drill,� Mr. Sokol said, “but I do want them to feel safe and secure in the building, which they are.�
PHOTOGRAPHS BY M. SCOTT BRAUER FOR THE NEW YORK TIMES
The MetroWest Jewish Day School in Framingham, Mass., received a bomb threat on Tuesday. The school was evacuated, but no bomb was found. The head of school, Rav-Hazzan Scott Sokol, right, told the students they were being evacuated for a fire drill.
:+(1 ,7¡6 7,0( 72 6(//
FRQILGHQFH SUHFLRXV ,6
WHY SHOP OFF THE RACK WHEN YOU CAN BUY A CUSTOM MADE TUXEDO FOR $999?
Buy 1 Tuxedo Get a Tuxedo Shirt Free
California Coast $1595 8-Day Fully Guided Tour. From SF to LA with Yosemite. Tax and fees extra. Free 24-Page Brochure. (800) CARAVAN, Caravan.com ÂŽ
Guided Tours Since 1952
6HOOLQJ \RXU MHZHOU\ RU SUHFLRXV VWRQHV FDQ IHHO OLNH VWHSSLQJ LQWR D ZRUOG RI WKH XQNQRZQ ÂŽSCABAL
$W :LQGVRU -HZHOHUV \RX FDQ FRXQW RQ RXU \HDUV RI LQWHJULW\ SHUVRQDOL]HG VHUYLFH H[SHUW JHPRORJLVWV DQG FRQVLVWHQWO\ KLJKHU SULFHV RIIHUHG RQ WKH VSRW
Visit our website for all offers and specials
mohantailors.com
.
),)7+ $9(18( 7+ )/225 1(: <25. 1(: <25. :,1'625-(:(/(56 &20 &21680(5 $))$,56 /,&(16( 180%(5
60 East 42nd St., Suite 1432 New York, NY 10165 212-697-0050 | mohantailors.com | mohansinc@aol.com Mohan_Tailors
Mohanâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Custom Tailors - NYC
Mohans_Tailors
A14
THE NEW YORK TIMES NATIONAL WEDNESDAY, MARCH 8, 2017
N
THE 45TH PRESIDENT Health Care
G.O.P. Health Care Bill Quickly Meets a Revolt From Page A1 Democrats almost certainly united as a bloc. “Doing big things is never easy,” Speaker Paul D. Ryan conceded at a news conference on Tuesday after absorbing broadbased criticism of the bill. Still, he guaranteed he would drum up the 218 votes needed for passage, saying, “The nightmare of Obamacare is about to end.” The Republican bill would eliminate the mandate for most Americans in favor of a new system of tax credits to induce people to buy insurance on the open market. It would also eventually roll back the expansion of Medicaid that has provided coverage to more than 10 million people in 31 states. Vice President Mike Pence met Tuesday with conservative members of the House to assure them that their feedback was still being considered, and President Trump entertained a group of House Republicans charged with persuading their colleagues to vote for the measure. “We’re going to do something that’s great, and I am proud to support the replacement plan released by the House of Representatives,” Mr. Trump said. “This will be a plan where you can choose your doctor, and this will be a plan where you can choose your plan. And you know what the plan is. This is the plan. It’s a complicated process, but actually it’s very simple, it’s called good health care.” Some White House officials insist that Mr. Trump will be directly engaged in persuading lawmakers to back the bill. But many of the factions that provided financial and political support to back Republicans who vowed to wipe out the Affordable Care Act are nowhere near satisfied with the option rolled out on Monday. “This is not the Obamacare repeal bill we’ve been waiting for,” said Senator Mike Lee, Republican of Utah, who was joined by a constellation of conservative groups, including the Club for Growth, Heritage Action for America and Charles G. and David H. Koch’s Americans for Prosperity. “It is a missed opportunity and a step in the wrong direction. We promised the American people we would drain the swamp and end business as usual in Washington. This bill does not do that.” The Republican bill would scrap the mandated coverage in the Affordable Care Act in favor of tax incentives to coax people to purchase health care. But the legislation maintains many of the act’s mandates and basic benefits, including prohibiting insurers from denying policies for pre-existing conditions or capping benefits in a year or a lifetime. Some conservatives have labeled the House plan “Obamacare lite,” saying it is nearly as intrusive in the insurance market as the law it would replace. In particular, they dislike the delay in getting rid of the law’s Medicaid expansion. They also dislike the tax credits in the Republican plan, which can exceed the amount a Thomas Kaplan and Jeremy W. Peters contributed reporting from Washington, and Reed Abelson from New York.
The Parts of Obamacare Republicans Will Keep, Change or Discard By HAEYOUN PARK and MARGOT SANGER-KATZ
House Republicans on Monday unveiled legislation to repeal and replace the Affordable Care Act, also known as Obamacare. The bill would fundamentally change how health care is financed for people who do not have insurance through work, and it would eliminate the mandate requiring most Americans to have health insurance.
Under Obamacare Individual mandate The Affordable Care Act requires people who can afford it to obtain health insurance or face tax penalties. This part of the law was meant to keep insurance affordable for those who are older or sick.
GABRIELLA DEMCZUK FOR THE NEW YORK TIMES
Senator Rand Paul of Kentucky, center, and other Republicans voiced opposition to the bill. consumer actually owes in federal income taxes, meaning that the Internal Revenue Service would be issuing checks to cover insurance premiums. The House plan also maintains many of the demands on insurers that the Affordable Care Act has, including a defined suite of “essential benefits” that all insurers must offer. Representative Jim Jordan, Republican of Ohio, said that he
The White House supports a plan, but portrays it as a work in progress. would introduce a “clean repeal” bill and that Senator Rand Paul, Republican of Kentucky, would offer a companion bill. Republicans have been counting on Mr. Trump to use his influence to persuade wavering members to support the plan. But despite his characterization of the bill as “tremendous” on Tuesday, others in his administration seemed to concede that changes, perhaps major ones, were likely.
Speaking to reporters after meeting with Senate Republicans at the Capitol, Mr. Pence offered the White House’s imprimatur, calling the bill the “framework for reform.” He added that the administration was “certainly open to improvements,” making clear that the wrangling had just begun. Tom Price, the secretary of health and human services, said twice at a briefing with reporters at the White House that the bill was “a work in progress.” He also suggested that some provisions Mr. Trump is seeking, like the ability to buy insurance across state lines and the lowering of drug prices, might be addressed through regulation. Representative Mark Meadows, Republican of North Carolina, said Mr. Pence had portrayed the bill as a work in progress that would no doubt be amended, perhaps significantly. “The bill that was introduced last night is still open for negotiation and certainly for modification,” Mr. Meadows said. “And we took that as very encouraging news.” Even with substantial changes, passage of the bill is in no way assured. House Republicans accomplished too little in shrinking the size of the government’s role in the health sector to pull the most conservative members their way,
House Speaker Paul D. Ryan defended the plan at a news conference, saying, “The nightmare of Obamacare is about to end.”
yet they may not have done enough to allay the concerns of some Republican senators who are skeptical of elements like rolling back the Medicaid expansion and defunding Planned Parenthood. In an interview with a radio station on Tuesday, Senator Roy Blunt, Republican of Missouri, said, “What I don’t like is it may not be a plan that gets a majority of votes and lets us move on, because I think we can’t stay where we are with the plan we’ve got now.” The response from insurers was largely muted on Tuesday. They have praised the initial steps taken by the administration to stabilize the individual market, and they said they were encouraged by the desire to provide a smooth transition in the next two years. But several questioned the adequacy of the tax credits. “It is important that the tax credit for 2020 creates a marketplace that enables people to get the coverage they need at a price they can afford,” Alissa Fox, a senior vice president at the BlueCross BlueShield Association, said in a statement. “We look forward to working with Congress to create a stable and affordable private market.” By proceeding so swiftly, and largely in secret, Republicans have opened themselves to the same criticisms that they leveled at Democrats in 2010. If the bill is passed by the full House as early as next week, Senator Mitch McConnell of Kentucky, the majority leader, has promised to bring it immediately to the Senate floor without a single hearing. “After years of howling at the moon about Democrats rushing through the Affordable Care Act — the mantra they said over and over and over again on the floor here and in the House, ‘read the bill’ — Republicans are having committee votes two days after the bill is released,” Senator Chuck Schumer of New York, the Democratic leader, said on the Senate floor. “No wonder they don’t want anyone to know what’s in the bill.”
Employer mandate
By ROBERT PEAR
WASHINGTON — In June 2009, House Democratic leaders unveiled the first draft of legislation that would ultimately become the Affordable Care Act. A month later, three House committees began formally drafting the bill ahead of a House vote that came well into the fall, after the summer heat had dissipated and the leaves had begun to change. On Wednesday, the House Ways and Means Committee and the Energy and Commerce Committee will formally mark up legislation to repeal and replace the act — less than 48 hours after Republicans unveiled the bill to the public. If all goes according to plan, the House will vote within a few weeks, and the Senate will take up the legislation before its spring recess begins on April 7. Republicans excoriated Democrats for rushing passage of the Affordable Care Act — President Barack Obama’s landmark health law — blasting “back-room deals” and cheering on the nascent Tea Party movement, with its hostile chant “Read the bill, read the bill.” But Republicans have adopted a much more aggressive timetable for repealing the law and remaking Medicaid, the health program for more than 70 million low-income people. “The difference between 2009 and 2017 is like black and white,” said former Senator Max Baucus of Montana, one of the chief architects of the Affordable Care Act, who spent countless hours in hearings and negotiations on the
legislation as chairman of the Senate Finance Committee. “It’s a chasm. There’s no comparison.” On Monday evening, House Republicans unveiled their proposals to undo the law, signed by Mr. Obama in March 2010. The two House committees plan to start debating, amending and voting on the legislation on Wednesday. By week’s end, they expect to finish this ritual, known as a markup. Speaker Paul D. Ryan said the House would pass the repeal bill within a few weeks, and the Senate majority leader, Mitch McConnell, Republican of Kentucky, said that if the House kept to that timetable, the legislation “will be on the agenda here in the Senate” before the spring recess. In comparison with the pace of work on the Affordable Care Act, that is lightning fast. “We don’t know how much it will cost, and we don’t know if this bill will make health care more affordable for Americans,” Senator Mike Lee, Republican of Utah, said on Tuesday. “This is exactly the type of back-room dealing and rushed process that we criticized Democrats for.” Representative Jim Jordan, a conservative Republican from Ohio who objects to major provisions of the bill devised by House Republican leaders, said, “The American people don’t want us to rush this thing.” In June and July 2009, with Democrats in charge, the Senate health committee spent nearly 60 hours over 13 days marking up the bill that became the Affordable Care Act. That September and Oc-
tober, the Senate Finance Committee worked on the legislation for eight days — its longest markup in two decades. It considered more than 130 amendments and held 79 roll-call votes. The full Senate debated the health care bill for 25 straight days before passing it on Dec. 24, 2009. “After years of howling at the moon about Democrats rushing through the Affordable Care Act,” said Senator Chuck Schumer of New York, the Democratic leader, Republicans are now racing to
Democrats could take up some Republican complaints from 2009. pass the repeal bill because “they don’t want anyone to know what’s in the bill.” Democrats complained that the Republicans were rushing to approve a repeal bill without hearing from consumers, health care providers, insurance companies or state officials — and without having estimates of the cost or the impact on coverage from the Congressional Budget Office. Representative Greg Walden, Republican of Oregon and chairman of the Energy and Commerce Committee, denied that Republicans were cutting corners to speed approval of their repeal bill. “In fact,” he said on Tuesday, “the bill went online live for the
entire American people, all of you, all of us to read, all of our colleagues to read, at 6 o’clock last night. It’s not that much to get through. It’s pretty well understood.” The Republicans’ bill is indeed much shorter than the Affordable Care Act. With one paragraph of their bill, they can obliterate 10 or 20 pages of the law. One of their chief goals is to eliminate detailed federal standards, like those that define the permissible value of insurance plans — bronze, silver, gold and platinum. Another previous complaint by Republicans seems to apply now. For years, Republicans have reminded voters that the Affordable Care Act passed without any Republican votes. If they now repeal it, they are unlikely to have a single Democrat with them. In 2009, Democratic senators negotiated with Republicans for months in hopes of finding common ground, but Republicans now do not expect any help from Democrats. “We’re not going to do this with Democrats,” said Senator John Cornyn of Texas, the No. 2 Senate Republican. In remarks prepared for the Ways and Means Committee meeting on Wednesday, Representative Sander M. Levin, Democrat of Michigan, said: “Bad process makes for bad policy. And the process we are using today is not only bad; it’s reckless. Almost no time to review the bill, no hearings on the bill, no C.B.O. estimate of the cost or coverage impact — this is legislative malpractice.”
REPEAL
The Republican bill would eliminate the individual mandate, which means that people would not have to pay a penalty if they went without insurance. One possible effect, though, is that healthy people might be less likely to buy insurance, driving up prices for those who need it most, like older people and the sick. To limit this, the plan proposes a “continuous coverage incentive,” which would charge people in the individual market a 30 percent penalty for lapses in health insurance coverage.
REPEAL
Larger companies must provide affordable insurance to their employees or face financial penalties.
Subsidies for out-of-pocket expenses The federal government provides tax credits to help some people pay deductibles and make co-payments.
Premium subsidies The federal government provides tax credits to middle-income Americans on a sliding scale according to income, to help offset the cost of premiums and deductibles.
Medicaid expansion More than 30 states expanded Medicaid coverage by raising the eligibility cutoff to 138 percent of the poverty level.
Health savings account
Law Took Months to Draft; Repeal May Be Much Swifter
House Republican bill
In 2017, an individual can put $3,400 and a family $6,750 into a tax-free health savings account.
Restrictions on charging more for older Americans Plans can charge their oldest customers only three times the prices charged to the youngest ones.
Dependent coverage until 26
REPEAL
Would repeal this so-called cost-sharing subsidy in 2020.
CHANGE
Would change the way subsidies are distributed by using age, instead of income, as a way to calculate how much people receive. Tax credits would be available in full to individuals earning less than $75,000 and households earning less than $150,000, but they would be capped for higher earners. The subsidy would be $2,000 for a person under 30, and double that for people over 60. The bill would also expand the health plans that qualify for subsidies.
CHANGE
Would let states keep Medicaid expansion and allow states that expanded Medicaid to continue getting federal funding as they would have under the A.C.A., until 2020. Federal funding for people who became newly eligible starting in 2020 or who left the program and came back, however, would be reduced. The bill also proposes capping federal funding per enrollee, based on how much each state was spending in 2016.
CHANGE
Would allow people to put substantially more money into their health savings accounts and let spouses make additional contributions. The basic limit would be at least $6,550 for an individual and $13,100 for a family beginning in 2018.
CHANGE
Would allow insurers to charge older customers five times as much as younger ones and give states the option to set their own ratio.
KEEP
Children can stay on their parents’ insurance policies until age 26.
Pre-existing conditions policy
KEEP
Requires insurers to cover people regardless of pre-existing medical conditions and bars the companies from charging more based on a person’s health history.
Essential health benefits
KEEP
All insurers must offer 10 essential health benefits, including maternity care and preventive services.
Prohibitions on lifetime limits Insurers are barred from setting a limit on how much they have to pay to cover someone.
KEEP
THE NEW YORK TIMES NATIONAL WEDNESDAY, MARCH 8, 2017
N
A15
THE 45TH PRESIDENT Health Care
Analysts Say Millions Risk Losing Coverage In G.O.P. Health Plan By ABBY GOODNOUGH and REED ABELSON
WASHINGTON — Millions of people who get private health coverage through the Affordable Care Act would be at risk of losing it under the replacement legislation proposed by House Republicans, analysts said Tuesday, with Americans in their 50s and 60s especially likely to find coverage unaffordable. Starting in 2020, the plan would do away with the current system of providing premium subsidies based on people’s income and the cost of insurance where they live. Instead, it would provide tax credits of $2,000 to $4,000 per year based on their age. But the credits would not cover nearly as much of the cost of premiums as the current subsidies do, at least for the type of comprehensive coverage that the Affordable Care Act requires, analysts said. For many people, that could mean the difference between keeping coverage under the new system and having to give it up. “The central issue is the tax credits are not going to be sufficient,” said Dr. J. Mario Molina, chief executive of Molina Healthcare, an insurer that offers coverage through the Affordable Care Act marketplaces in California, Florida and several other states. Martha Brawley of Monroe, N.C., said she voted for President Trump in the hope he could make insurance more affordable. But on Tuesday, Ms. Brawley, 55, was increasingly nervous based on what she had heard about the new plan from television news reports. She pays about $260 per month for a Blue Cross plan and receives a subsidy of $724 per month to cover the rest of her premium. Under the House plan, she would receive $3,500 a year in tax credits — $5,188 less than she gets under the Affordable Care Act. “I’m scared, I’ll tell you that right now, to think about not having insurance at my age,” said Ms. Brawley, who underwent a liver biopsy on Monday after her doctor found that she has an autoimmune liver disease. “If I didn’t have insurance, these doctors wouldn’t see me.” The Congressional Budget Office has yet to release its official estimates of how many people would lose coverage under the proposal, but a report from Standard & Poor’s estimated that two million to four million people would drop out of the individual insurance market, largely because people in their 50s and early 60s — those too young to qualify for Medicare — would face higher costs. Other analysts, including those at the left-leaning Brookings Institution, have estimated larger coverage losses. While the tax credits in the ReAbby Goodnough reported from Washington, and Reed Abelson from New York.
From top, Martha Brawley of Monroe, N.C., would get $5,188 less in aid for premiums under the Republican plan. Alan Lipsky and his wife, A. J. Rhodes, of Arden, N.C., would see their family’s tax credit shrink by more than half. But Joshua Yospyn of Washington would gain a tax credit.
publican proposal are the most generous for older people — $4,000 for a 60-year-old compared with $2,000 for a 25-year-old — they end up covering less of an older person’s costs. As soon as next year, the Republican plan would allow insurers to begin charging older people much more than younger people. Insurers are prohibited today from charging the older person more than three times as much as the youngest, but the new plan would let them charge five times as much. A 64year-old could see annual premiums increase by almost 30 percent to $13,100 on average, according to the S.&P. analysis. For people like Alan Lipsky, a self-employed consultant in Arden, N.C., the Republican plan could have a huge financial impact. Mr. Lipsky, who is 60 and whose wife is in her 50s, receives a tax credit of $2,097 a month for his family of four and pays $66 a month out of his own pocket. His family’s total annual tax credit of $25,164 would be reduced to $11,500 under the new plan, covering less than half of the total cost of his current coverage. “I don’t think the Affordable Care Act is perfect,” said Mr. Lipsky, whose family deductible is $12,000 per year, “but at least for people like me it gives a baseline, and I’m worried I won’t have that baseline anymore. What they’re talking about is unaffordable for me.” Not everyone would lose out. Some younger adults would probably benefit the most from agebased tax credits and proposed changes that would allow insurers to offer them less expensive policies, such as those with less generous coverage. Joshua Yospyn, 40, a freelance photographer in Washington, earns slightly too much to receive a tax credit under the Affordable Care Act and pays about $374 a month for his BlueChoice H.M.O. plan. The Republican proposal would provide him with an agebased tax credit of $3,000 a year, which would cut his current premium costs by two-thirds, to $1,488 from $4,488. Mr. Yospyn said he would love cheaper premiums but did not want to give up comprehensive coverage, his low deductible of $500 a year or the doctors he sees. A physical this month, his first in several years, revealed that his cholesterol had risen sharply, leaving him “freaked out,” he said. “I just want protection across the board,” he said, referring to the kind of policy he preferred. “It’s what I’m used to.” Other people likely to be hurt under the new plan are those in areas where the cost of coverage is high. Subsidies are now pegged to the cost of a plan within a specific market, but the tax credits in the Republican plan are the same whether you live in Alaska or Minnesota. Coverage tends to be most expensive in parts of the country
LOGAN R. CYRUS FOR THE NEW YORK TIMES
MIKE BELLEME FOR THE NEW YORK TIMES
where there are few hospitals or few insurers. “When it comes to health insurance, high-cost areas tend to be rural areas,” said Cynthia Cox, a researcher at the Kaiser Family Foundation, which recently did an analysis of how the tax credits compared with the subsidies now available. The proposal would also eliminate another important element of the subsidies, the financial assistance available for low-income people with their out-of-pocket costs, such as deductibles and copayments. While many of the plans now sold through the Affordable Care Act marketplaces have large deductibles, the costsharing reductions available protect lower-income people from medical bills that could otherwise run into the thousands of dollars. Analysts say the lack of out-ofpocket assistance is likely to make any plan much less attractive to low-income people. Legislation could also fundamentally weaken the insurance market by doing away with the socalled individual mandate, which requires people to have coverage or pay a tax penalty. While it would be replaced by a 30 percent surcharge when someone buys a policy after dropping coverage, the surcharge could be weaker than the current mandate, and younger people might continue to gamble on not having coverage until they get sick. The result, said Donald H. Taylor Jr., a health policy professor at Duke University, is that people who buy coverage are sicker, causing the cost of premiums to soar. “This looks like to me adverse selection on steroids,” he said. “I don’t see how it doesn’t crater the individual market.” Dr. Molina, the Molina Healthcare chief executive, said insurers are likely to increase their premiums significantly because they will worry about enrolling more high-cost patients as healthier people opt to go without coverage. “Insurance companies are going to jack up the rates,” predicted Dr. Molina, who said premiums might increase even more than they did last year when some companies raised the rates by 25 percent or more. Ms. Brawley in Monroe, N.C., said she and her husband could barely afford their current premiums, and her deductible of $3,500 a year is far too high. Still, she added, “it’s better than owing $20,000 or $30,000.” “This is my second year with the Obama insurance,” she said, “but before then, I didn’t have any and didn’t go to the doctor.” She and her husband voted for Mr. Trump — the first time she had voted in her life — she said, because “I thought he would make it better.”
T. J. KIRKPATRICK FOR THE NEW YORK TIMES
WHITE HOUSE MEMO
Trump Aides Address His Wiretap Claims: ‘That’s Above My Pay Grade’ From Page A1 repeatedly refused to offer personal assurances that the president’s statements were true. “No comment,” Attorney General Jeff Sessions said earlier in the day. Last week, Mr. Sessions recused himself from any investigations involving the Trump campaign’s contacts with Russia. “I don’t know anything about it,” John F. Kelly, the homeland security secretary, said on CNN on Monday. Mr. Kelly shrugged and added that “if the president of the United States said that, he’s got his reasons to say it.” Representative Devin Nunes, Republican of California and the chairman of the House Intelligence Committee, and Senator Richard M. Burr, Republican of North Carolina and the chairman of the Senate intelligence panel, have said they will add Mr. Trump’s request to pre-existing inquiries into intelligence community leaks. But Mr. Nunes and Mr. Burr said they had not seen specific evidence backing up Mr. Trump’s claim. Other Hill Republicans have responded with similar verbal shrugs. Senator John Cornyn of Texas, a member of the Intelligence Committee, said on Tuesday that he “didn’t know what the basis” of Mr. Trump’s statement was. Mr. Trump’s Twitter posts, viewed with amazement outside the West Wing bubble, often Glenn Thrush reported from Washington, and Maggie Haberman from New York.
create crises on the inside. That was never truer than when Mr. Trump began posting from his weekend retreat at his Mar-aLago estate in Florida shortly after sunrise on Saturday. His groggy staff realized quickly that this was no typical Trump broadside, but an allegation with potentially far-reaching implications that threatened to derail a coming week that included the rollout of his redrafted travel ban and the unveiling of the Republican plan to replace the Affordable Care Act. It began at 6:35 a.m. with a Twitter post reading: “Terrible! Just found out that Obama had
my ‘wires tapped’ in Trump Tower just before the victory. Nothing found. This is McCarthyism!” Three other posts quickly followed, capped by a 7:02 rocket that read: “How low has President Obama gone to tapp my phones during the very sacred election process. This is Nixon/ Watergate. Bad (or sick) guy!” That led to a succession of frantic staff conference calls, including one consultation with the White House counsel, Donald F. McGahn II, as staff members grasped the reality that the president had opened an attack on his predecessor.
Mr. Trump, advisers said, was in high spirits after he fired off the posts. But by midafternoon, after returning from golf, he appeared to realize he had gone too far, although he still believed Mr. Obama had wiretapped him, according to two people in Mr. Trump’s orbit. He sounded defiant in conversations at Mar-a-Lago with his friend Christopher Ruddy, the chief executive of Newsmax Media, Mr. Ruddy said. In other conversations that afternoon, the president sounded uncertain of the procedure for obtaining a warrant for secret wiretaps on an American citizen.
Mr. Trump also canvassed some aides and associates about whether an investigator, even one outside the government, could substantiate his charge. People close to Mr. Trump had seen the pattern before. The episode echoed repeated instances in the 2016 presidential campaign. During the primary contests, Mr. Trump seized on a false National Enquirer article that raised a connection between the father of Senator Ted Cruz of Texas and John F. Kennedy’s assassin, Lee Harvey Oswald. Later, Mr. Trump justified it to skeptical campaign aides by saying, “Even if it isn’t
Sean Spicer, above, the White House press secretary, has pointedly and repeatedly refused to offer personal assurances about President Trump’s wiretapping claims. Mr. Trump, left, surprised tourists on Tuesday at the White House. PHOTOGRAPHS BY DOUG MILLS/THE NEW YORK TIMES
totally true, there’s something there,” according to a former campaign official. Over the weekend, aides to Mr. Trump decided the only real solution to the presidential Twitter posts was to kick the allegations to Congress. On Sunday, Mr. Spicer issued a statement saying that the matter was effectively closed and that the president would not address it again until the intelligence committees had released their findings — which could be many months away. But that has not quieted the uproar. Mr. Comey was incensed by Mr. Trump’s accusation because it implied that the F.B.I. had broken the law, and he pressed the Justice Department, unsuccessfully, to deny it. On Tuesday, even as Mr. Spicer was telling reporters that the matter was above his pay grade, he said the president had “absolutely” no intention of taking back his accusations. Mr. Trump has not spoken to Mr. Comey about the matter, Mr. Spicer said, offering a muted response when asked if the F.B.I. director retained the president’s confidence. “I have no reason to believe he doesn’t,” Mr. Spicer said, adding that Mr. Trump “has not suggested that to me.” Mr. Spicer bristled when pressed by a reporter to weigh in on the veracity of the president’s wiretapping allegation. “I get that that’s a cute question to ask,” he said. “I think we’ve tried to play this game before. I’m not here to speak for myself. I’m here to speak for the president of the United States and our government.”
A16
THE NEW YORK TIMES NATIONAL WEDNESDAY, MARCH 8, 2017
N
THE 45TH PRESIDENT The Agenda
Trade Deficit Is Big, But It’s Not the Size That Matters
POLITICAL MEMO
Pleading For Return To a Time Of Civility
By NEIL IRWIN
President Trump says that the United States’ persistent trade deficit is a scourge that must be eliminated. But new data Tuesday shows the complexity of the costs and benefits of trade — and how reducing the trade deficit, if not done right, could leave Americans worse off. What really matters is not whether the trade deficit is rising or falling. What matters is why. The trade deficit rose 9.6 percent in January, to the highest level since 2012 (though it remains lower as a share of the total economy). It’s in the details of that $48.5 billion gap between what the United States exported and what it imported, though, that you see why the economy is more complex than the “trade deficits are bad” framing of the Trump administration. Picking apart the January numbers, you see just how that way of looking at trade can be misleading. The challenge for the Trump administration, if it sticks to its guns of reducing the trade deficit as a top economic goal, will be to do so by focusing on what really matters for Americans’ standards of living. The trade deficit fell a great deal during the 2008 recession, for example. No one would argue it made Americans (or pretty much anyone else) better off.
By JONATHAN MARTIN
WASHINGTON — Charles Peters, the renowned Washington Monthly editor, is going on 91, does not get around very easily and was disgusted enough by President Trump’s address to Congress to let loose a few profanities in his gentle West Virginia drawl. But Mr. Peters remains an optimist, believing that salvation is still possible if the country returns to the true faith of his New Deal youth. “Maybe I’m old,” he said in an interview in his living room here last week, “but I’m forever hopeful about the Democratic Party.” Mr. Peters has spent much of his life in and around politics. He was once a young state legislator who thought he wanted to be governor. Then he felt the tug to the nation’s capital, where he was one of the first executives of the Peace Corps. Eventually he founded and ran a feisty, liberal-leaning policy magazine perhaps best known for launching the careers of dozens of prominent journalists, including James Fallows, Jon Meacham, David Ignatius and Katherine Boo. Now he has written a book that some of those old charges think amounts to a last testament. To hear Mr. Peters himself tell it, though, the book, “We Do Our Part,” is a desperate plea to his country and party to resist the temptations of greed, materialism and elitism — vices he believes have corroded the civic culture and led to the Democrats’ failure last year. “I’m trying to grab people by the lapels and say, ‘We’ve got to change,’” he said. “And I feel that there is a realism to that hope because of the shock of this election.” Mr. Peters’s book — the title is taken from the motto of the New Deal’s National Recovery Administration — is not a memoir. But his own formative experiences are at the core of his cri de coeur. Democrats, Washington and too much of the country, he argues, have drifted from the sense of shared purpose that lifted America out of the Depression, created the will to win World War II and fostered the rise of a more egalitarian, if still inequitable, society. Mr. Peters saw it firsthand. As a child, he witnessed his parents hand food to hungry strangers who came to the back door of their Charleston, W.Va., home. Later, as a young lawyer, he oversaw the local presidential campaign of a Catholic senator hoping to win over a largely Protestant state. The success of John F. Kennedy in the 1960 Democratic primary there helped forge a conviction that Mr. Peters feels his party must not lose sight of today, even as more workingclass whites drift from what was the party of their class. “The better angels of the state’s voters had won out, engraving on me the lesson that prejudice can be overcome,” he writes. Mr. Peters’s idealism is undiminished: He thinks that the sort of blue-collar white voters who just rejected Hillary Clinton in his native state, where she lost by 42 percentage points, can be won back if Democrats are again seen as the party of the common man rather than the liberal pro-
The Good News
AL DRAGO/THE NEW YORK TIMES
Charles Peters, founder of Washington Monthly, at home. He has a new book, “We Do Our Part.”
KEVIN D. LILES FOR THE NEW YORK TIMES
Democrats met last month in Atlanta. Mr. Peters said, “I’m trying to grab people by the lapels and say, ‘We’ve got to change.’” fessional class. But he spends much of 274 pages outlining why that may prove so difficult. Through a series of anecdotes, statistics and other plucked-fromthe-news items that will be familiar to anyone who read his “Tilting at Windmills” column in Washington Monthly, Mr. Peters recounts how liberals were once invigorated with the publicspirited fervor of the New Deal and New Frontier, but sold out. Race-baiting conservatives then swooped in, he says, and the country was left the worse for it. “Our national problem is that too many of our cultural winds are blowing us in the direction of self-absorption, self-promotion, and making a barrel of money,” he writes. He piles up the evidence, reserving most of his scorn for the liberal meritocratic class that he believes has allowed Democrats to be depicted as out of touch.
“By 1985 there were more investment banks conducting job interviews at Harvard than any other profession,” he writes. Only eight retiring congressmen became lobbyists through the entire 1930s, while 41 retiring lawmakers from the class of 2010 alone joined the ranks of influencepeddling. Mr. Peters even gleans signs of American decline and rising greed in some strange weather vanes, including the shifting motives of those who betrayed the country. Once, reputed spies such as Julius and Ethel Rosenberg and Alger Hiss spied out of “their commitment to an ideology,” he writes. But the two most high-profile moles of more recent years, Aldrich Ames and Robert Hanssen, “did it for the money.” Mr. Peters may not be above stretching his case, but his argument is well timed. In the final pages, he appeals to former
President Barack Obama to eschew “making a lot of money and hanging out with Anna Wintour” and focus instead on “teaching how government works” to inspire a new generation of leaders. “We cannot continue to have our role models continue to cash in,” Mr. Peters warns in a book to be released a week after it was reported that the former president and first lady, fresh from their Caribbean vacation with the British tycoon Richard Branson, will make about $65 million (some of which will go to charity) for writing separate memoirs. His other prescriptions reflect his preference for New Deal populism mixed with what he fashions as “neoliberalism,” a reform-minded approach to governance that questions progressive pieties on such issues as education. Mostly, though, Mr. Peters would like to see one final revival of the animating spirit of his youth, an awakening to the importance of government service, teaching, journalism and the worth of public life. Spurning “conspicuous consumption,” a favorite phrase, may seem farfetched for a country that just elected Donald J. Trump to be president. But even a few minutes after warning a visitor last week that he was becoming weary, Mr. Peters leaned forward from his chair and continued “evangelizing,” as he put it. “Think of the great days when we were together fighting for fairness and justice for all,” he said, again summoning an idealized version of the Roosevelt era. “We can be that way again.”
The United States actually exported 0.9 percent more goods in January than it did in December (the numbers are adjusted for the usual seasonal variations). If your concern is that other countries haven’t been buying enough goods made in U.S. factories, the January numbers pointed in a positive direction. The United States exported $1.3 billion more in automobiles and $2.1 billion more in industrial supplies in January than it did in December. The details show the economic idea of specialization at work. The $1.3 billion rise in automotive exports was paired with a $900 million rise in automotive imports. The overall balance didn’t shift much, but that suggests that the United States is shipping cars and trucks that it makes more efficiently while importing those that others make more efficiently. The reason the trade deficit rose is that imports rose faster than exports. But even that isn’t entirely a negative. Imports of consumer goods rose by $2.4 billion in January, with a particularly strong rise in imported cellphones. That reflects the relative strength of the U.S. economy. American consumers have rising incomes, and inevitably they spend part of that income on imported goods. In effect, the higher trade deficit in January is in significant part caused by U.S. economic strength. It is the inverse of what happened during the 2008 recession. Buying more imported consumer goods because you are making more money is generally a good thing, not a bad thing. The Bad News
Some exports of products were down in a few sectors where the United States has
important competitive advantages. Exports of civilian aircraft — think Boeing jets sold across the globe — fell by $611 million, and shipments of other hightech capital goods like aircraft engines and telecommunications equipment were also down. Such sectors tend to be volatile, so these may turn out to be blips. But if global demand softened for these products made by skilled workers with advanced technology, it would be bad news for Americans. Meanwhile, a persistent strength of the U.S. economy has been in services, but the balance of trade in services worsened by $5.3 billion. This may reflect a rise in the value of the dollar. For example, when travelers from abroad visit the United States and spend money at hotels and restaurants, that counts as a services export. That number fell by $89 million in January. It is worth watching whether that falls further, as it might should the dollar keep rising and
The Upshot provides news, analysis and graphics about politics, policy and everyday life. nytimes.com/upshot
should the Trump administration’s ban on travel from several countries dissuade wouldbe travelers. Given the vast numbers of American jobs tied to service industries, it would be bad news if that trend continued. It’s Not Really About Trade
A big piece in the rise in imports was crude oil and other petroleum products. They were up by a combined $2.2 billion. (Exports of those products also rose, by $1.2 billion, but combined that means oil contributed to the widening of the trade deficit.) But that seems less worrisome if you know that the price of crude oil rose 9 percent from the start of December until the start of January. A rise in the price of oil or any other commodity benefits its producers and costs its consumers. It will affect, over time, patterns of imports and exports of that product. But when the trade deficit rises or falls because of those shifts, it’s not really because of trade per se, but because of underlying shifts in supply and demand for the commodity in question. Put it all together, and while the January trade report has some weak spots and areas for concern, it is not nearly the unabashed bad news that a simplistic reading of the trade deficit would suggest. If the trade deficit falls during the Trump administration because sales of Americanmade automobiles, jet airliners or services overseas boom, that will be great news. If it falls because Americans’ spending collapses, it will be bad news. If it falls because of commodity price swings, it will depend on which commodities exactly, and where they’re made. The trade deficit is important. But using it as a simplistic scorecard doesn’t tell the full story.
President Has It All Wrong on Guantánamo Detainees By CHARLIE SAVAGE
WASHINGTON — President Trump said on Tuesday on Twitter that “122 vicious prisoners, released by the Obama Administration from Gitmo, have returned to the battlefield. Just another terrible decision!” Is that true?
No, what Mr. Trump wrote is false. What is true?
According to the Office of the Director of National Intelligence, of the 714 former Guantánamo Bay detainees who were transferred to other countries by Jan. 15, 2017 — dating back to when the Bush administration opened the prison in Cuba in January 2002 — 121 are “confirmed” to have engaged in militant activity after their release. However, the overwhelming majority of those 121 men, 113 of them, were transferred under President George W. Bush, not President Barack Obama.
Notably, about half of the men deemed recidivists are dead or in custody. Why is Mr. Trump writing about Guantánamo recidivism today?
Probably because on Monday the Pentagon announced that an American airstrike in Yemen several days ago, which targeted Al Qaeda’s Yemen branch, killed a former Guantánamo Bay detainee. The ex-detainee, known as Mohammed Tahar at the time he was imprisoned in Cuba, had been repatriated to Yemen in December 2009, under the Obama administration. Why did most of the so-called recidivists come from Bush-era releases?
One reason is that most of the former Guantánamo detainees in the world departed the prison under Mr. Bush: 532 of the 714 former detainees who left the prison alive departed under Mr. Bush. That is because Mr. Bush decided in his second term that,
as he wrote in his memoir, “the detention facility had become a propaganda tool for our enemies and a distraction for our allies,” and he started trying to close it. But it is also true that in terms of percentages, Bush-era releases have been more likely to cause problems than Obama-era releases: About 35 percent of Bush-era transfers are confirmed or suspected of causing problems, while about 11.5 percent of Obama-era transfers fall into one of those two categories, according to the intelligence director’s office. The difference is because the Bush administration struck diplomatic deals to repatriate large batches of prisoners to countries like Saudi Arabia and Afghanistan in bulk, and many recidivists come from those batches. By contrast, the Obama administration developed an individualized review process by six agencies to determine whether to recommend transferring each detainee. Over time, it also developed more careful
diplomatic and monitoring plans with receiving countries to ease their reintegration into society that reduced, but obviously did not eliminate, the risk of recidivism. Who is left at Guantánamo?
Mr. Obama made a late push to get the number of men on a list of those recommended for transfer — many of whom were lowlevel Yemeni prisoners who languished with that status for years because Yemen was in chaos and there was no good place to send them — resettled in stable countries. By the time of Mr. Trump’s inauguration, there were just 41 prisoners left. Of those, 10 are facing charges or were convicted in the military commissions system; 26 are being held in open-ended wartime detention; and five are on the list of those recommended for transfer. What is Mr. Trump going to do with Guantánamo?
Mr. Trump has indicated that
he will bring new detainees there, possibly including from the Islamic State. So far, Mr. Trump has not halted the parolelike reviews by six agencies that decide whether to add someone’s name to the transfer list. But Mr. Trump has repeatedly called for a halt to transfers, suggesting that the five men left on the transfer list — and anyone else the parole-like board may add to it — face an uncertain future. If Mr. Trump releases no prisoners, will the recidivism numbers stay static? Almost certainly not. Those numbers are current through mid-January; the intelligence director’s office will release updated reports every six months. The 714 former Guantánamo detainees largely consisted of Middle Eastern men who were swept up in Afghanistan or Pakistan around 15 years ago and suspected of being low-level militants there before the Sept. 11, 2001, attacks. Almost none of
them received trials, and some were released because courts decided the evidence against them was too thin. Most such wartime prisoners appear to have settled into peaceful lives, but it may take time for it to become clear whether any particular one has successfully reintegrated into society or has drifted — or drifted back — into Islamist militancy. An additional 75 men released under Mr. Bush and 13 under Mr. Obama were “suspected” of post-transfer militant activity. Intelligence agencies may end up confirming their suspicions about some of them, and they may become newly suspicious about other former detainees. It is also possible that analysts may come to doubt their former assessment that a detainee they had deemed “confirmed” was really a recidivist. In the office’s most recent report, released on Tuesday, the number attributed to Obama-era releases dropped to eight from nine.
THE NEW YORK TIMES NATIONAL WEDNESDAY, MARCH 8, 2017
N
A17
THE 45TH PRESIDENT The Team
New Administrator Stacks E.P.A. With Climate Change Skeptics TMZ Chief And Trump Quietly Chat For an Hour
By CORAL DAVENPORT
WASHINGTON — Days after the Senate confirmed him as administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency, Scott Pruitt appeared at the Conservative Political Action Conference and was asked about addressing a group that probably wanted to eliminate his agency. “I think it’s justified,” he responded, to cheers. “I think people across the country look at the E.P.A. the way they look at the I.R.S.” In the days since, Mr. Pruitt, a former Oklahoma attorney general who built a career out of suing the agency he now leads, has moved to stock the top offices of the agency with like-minded conservatives — many of them skeptics of climate change and all of them intent on rolling back environmental regulations that they see as overly intrusive and harmful to business. Mr. Pruitt has drawn heavily from the staff of his friend and fellow Oklahoma Republican, Senator James Inhofe, long known as Congress’s most prominent skeptic of climate science. A former Inhofe chief of staff, Ryan Jackson, will be Mr. Pruitt’s chief of staff. Another former Inhofe staff member, Byron Brown, will serve as Mr. Jackson’s deputy. Andrew Wheeler, a fossil fuel lobbyist and a former Inhofe chief of staff, is a finalist to be Mr. Pruitt’s deputy, although he requires confirmation to the position by the Senate. To friends and critics, Mr. Pruitt seems intent on building an E.P.A. leadership that is fundamentally at odds with the career officials, scientists and employees who carry out the agency’s missions. That might be a recipe for strife and gridlock at the federal agency tasked to keep safe the nation’s clean air and water while safeguarding the planet’s future. “He’s the most different kind of E.P.A. administrator that’s ever been,” said Steve J. Milloy, a member of the E.P.A. transition team who runs the website JunkScience.com, which aims to debunk climate change. “He’s not coming in thinking E.P.A. is the greatest thing since sliced bread. Quite the opposite.” Gina McCarthy, who headed the E.P.A. under former President Barack Obama, said she too saw Mr. Pruitt as unique. “It’s fine to have differing opinions on how to meet the mission of the agency. Many Republican administrators have had that,” she said. “But here, for the first time, I see someone who has no commitment to the mission of the agency.” A pair of Trump campaigners from Washington State are also heading into senior positions at the E.P.A. Don Benton, a former Washington state senator who headed President Trump’s state
By MICHAEL M. GRYNBAUM
STEPHEN CROWLEY/THE NEW YORK TIMES
Scott Pruitt, the Environmental Protection Agency administrator, last month. He forged a career suing the agency he now leads. campaign, will be the agency’s senior liaison with the White House. Douglas Ericksen, a current Washington state senator, is being considered as the regional administrator of the E.P.A.’s Pacific Northwest office. As a state senator, Mr. Ericksen has been active in opposing efforts to pass a state-level climate change law taxing carbon pollution. Last month, he invited Tony Heller, a climate denialist who blogs under the pseudonym Steven Goddard, to address a Washington State Senate committee on the costs of climate change policy. Mr. Heller’s blog says “global warming is the biggest fraud in science history.” “I think the reason both of these guys are being considered for this stuff is they were the only prominent elected officials in the state of Washington that were early supporters and organizers for Trump,” said Todd Donovan, a political scientist at Western Washington University. “No other state legislators were putting their necks out for Trump.” Another transition official under consideration by Mr. Pruitt for a permanent position is David Kreutzer, a senior research fellow in energy economics and climate change at the conservative Heritage Foundation who has publicly praised the benefits of increasing carbon dioxide in the atmosphere.
That view stands in opposition to the broad scientific consensus that increased carbon dioxide traps heat and contributes to the dangerous warming of the planet. Last week, Mr. Trump signed an executive order directing Mr. Pruitt to begin the legal process of dismantling a major Obama-era regulation aimed at increasing the federal government’s authority over rivers, streams and wetlands in order to prevent water pollution. Also last week, Mr. Pruitt or-
Building a leadership that is at odds with career officials. dered the agency to walk back the collection of data on methane emissions, a potent greenhouse gas, from oil and gas wells. This week, Mr. Trump is expected to sign an executive order directing Mr. Pruitt to begin the legal process of unwinding Mr. Obama’s E.P.A. regulations aimed at curbing planet-warming pollution from coal-fired power plants, and Mr. Pruitt is expected to announce plans to begin to weaken an Obama-era rule mandating higher fuel economy standards.
A draft White House budget blueprint proposes to slash the E.P.A. budget by about 24 percent, or $2 billion from its current level of $8.1 billion, and cut employee numbers by about 20 percent from its current staff of about 15,000. Agency employees say morale has already been damaged. After working for years to draft climate change regulations under the Obama administration, many of those same career scientists and lawyers will be ordered to go back and undo them. Ms. McCarthy, who oversaw the writing and execution of those major water and climate change regulations, said it would be difficult and time-consuming to reverse them, especially if Mr. Trump succeeds in greatly downsizing the agency. “If you want to do these executive orders that require a whole rewrite of the rule, you have to get that right, legally,” she said. “It took years to do those rules. To now ask for those things to be undone with less staff and low morale — how are they going to do it?” There is one area in which Mr. Pruitt has vowed to continue the traditional work of the E.P.A.: a program for sending funds to states to clean up “brownfields” — former industrial sites that have been contaminated by pollution. Although Mr. Trump’s budget
blueprint would slash funds for that program, Mr. Pruitt pledged to a gathering of mayors in Washington last week that he would fight to save it. “With the White House and Congress I am communicating a message about brownfields,” he told mayors. “I want to hear from you about successes and communicate them.” J. Christian Bollwage, the Democratic mayor of Elizabeth, N.J., a city that has been plagued with industrial pollution, said he was heartened to hear the pledge. “I’ve never heard such a vociferous defense of providing brownfields grants,” he said. “He was explicit. He said he was going to take the defense of brownfields to the White House. I was impressed and hopeful.” But, Mr. Bollwage added, “Coming from New Jersey, climate change is also a big issue. And I’m still worried about an administration that seems to think climate change is a hoax.” Concern over Mr. Pruitt’s stewardship may not be long-lived. There is speculation that the E.P.A. chief already has his eyes on a different office. Mr. Inhofe, 82, will complete his Senate term in 2020. While he declined to speak of his retirement plans, Mr. Inhofe said of Mr. Pruitt, “I think he’d make a great senator.”
Judiciary Panel Democrats Call for a Special Counsel By CHARLIE SAVAGE and ERIC LICHTBLAU
WASHINGTON — Democrats on the Senate Judiciary Committee called on Tuesday for the appointment of a special counsel to lead the criminal investigation into Russian interference in the 2016 presidential election, saying the appointment was necessary to shield the inquiry from the appearance of political interference by the Trump administration. “This is about more than just one individual,” said Senator Dianne Feinstein of California, the panel’s ranking Democrat. “This is about the integrity of the process and the public’s faith in our institution of justice.” But the Republican chairman of the panel, Senator Charles E. Grassley of Iowa, said he saw no need for the appointment of a special counsel as the panel took up the confirmation of Mr. Trump’s nominee to be deputy attorney general, Rod J. Rosenstein. “There are times when special counsels are appropriate,” Mr. Grassley said. “But it’s far too soon to tell here. And even if there were evidence of a crime related to any of these matters, once confirmed, Mr. Rosenstein can decide how to handle it. I know of no reason to question his judgment, integrity or impartiality.” Because Attorney General Jeff Sessions recused himself from overseeing any criminal investigation into 2016 campaign matters, Mr. Rosenstein would be in charge of that case if he is confirmed. The circumstances that led Mr. Sessions to step aside — the revelation that he had spoken twice to the Russian ambassador last year, despite telling Senator Al Franken, Democrat of Minnesota, at his own confirmation hearing in January that he had had no contact with Russians — led to a heated moment. Mr. Franken read from a letter Mr. Sessions sent to the committee on Monday that insisted his answer had been true because he
understood Mr. Franken’s question to be about Russian contacts in his role as a surrogate for the Trump campaign, not his role as a senator, and said he had not previously seen a need to correct or supplement that answer because no one had “suggested otherwise.” Mr. Franken called that “insulting” and demanded that Mr. Sessions be called back before the panel. Mr. Grassley, raising his voice, accused Mr. Franken of having asked Mr. Sessions a “gotcha question,” and the two briefly shouted over each other. In rejecting Democratic calls for a special counsel, Mr. Grassley noted that Mr. Rosenstein — the United States attorney for the district of Maryland — was a longtime prosecutor who served under Presidents George W. Bush and Barack Obama. Ms. Feinstein, however, said her call was not related to Mr. Rosenstein’s integrity, but the need to avoid even the appearance of a conflict of interest. She also said that the prosecutor should be a nonpartisan person who is appointed “independently” rather than by the attorney general. However, the law that permitted the appointment of an independent counsel by a three-judge panel, rather than by the attorney general, has expired. Under Justice Department regulations for special counsels, Mr. Rosenstein, if confirmed, would essentially be the attorney general for the purpose of the Russia case since Mr. Sessions recused himself. It would be Mr. Rosenstein’s decision to appoint a special counsel, who would answer to him. The exchange came at a Judiciary Committee hearing on whether to confirm Mr. Rosenstein, as well as for Rachel Brand, whom Mr. Trump has nominated to be the associate attorney general, the Justice Department’s third-ranking official. Throughout the morning, Mr. Rosenstein repeatedly parried
GABRIELLA DEMCZUK FOR THE NEW YORK TIMES
Senator Dianne Feinstein said a special counsel would help shield an election investigation. questions about the investigation into Russian interference and whether he would appoint a special counsel to handle it, saying that he has not yet been briefed on any investigation the department may have into the 2016 election. “I am simply not in a position to answer the question because I don’t know the information,” he said. But Ms. Feinstein pointed to the decision in 2003 by James Comey, who was then the deputy attorney general and is now F.B.I. director, to bring in an outsider to investigate a leak of the C.I.A. operative Valerie Plame’s identity that might be tied to the Bush White House. That case led to the conviction of I. Lewis Libby, a top aide to Vice President Dick Cheney, for making false statements to the F.B.I. (Mr. Bush later granted him clemency.) Ms. Feinstein said cases like the Plame leak showed the need for independent, outside eyes to examine allegations of wrongdoing that might lead back to the White House — as she said could happen in the current controversy over Russia’s election meddling.
She appeared to grow frustrated as Mr. Rosenstein explained the circumstances and legal issues that might influence his decision about whether to hold on to the investigation himself or bring in an outsider. “I’m trying to figure out what your bottom line is,” she told him at one point. And when Mr. Rosenstein pleaded ignorance about any investigation, Democrats repeatedly pointed to an unclassified intelligence report that concluded that President Vladimir V. Putin of Russia ordered an influence operation to harm Hillary Clinton’s electability and potential presidency and to help Mr. Trump. Mr. Rosenstein said that as a prosecutor the issue for him was “what I can prove in court,” but that he had “no reason to doubt” what the intelligence agencies concluded. He also assured Senator Patrick J. Leahy, Democrat of Vermont, that he would not be on Russia’s side. “Senator, I don’t know the details of what, if any, investigation is ongoing, but I can certainly assure you if it’s America against Russia or America against any
other country, I think everyone in this room knows which side I’m on,” he said. Mr. Rosenstein has served for nearly 12 years as the United States attorney in Maryland — longer than any other United States prosecutor. Despite the pressure from Democrats over his refusal to say whether he would appoint a special counsel, he remains likely to be approved by the Republican-led Senate as the deputy attorney general, which would make him the manager of day-today operations at the 115,000-employee department. The Russia controversy dominated the hearing, but Republicans and Democrats questioned Mr. Rosenstein and Ms. Brand on other civil and criminal policies. Several Democrats said they were particularly concerned about a series of civil rights stances that Mr. Sessions has taken to roll back Obama-era policies like transgender protections and voting rights. Mr. Sessions was scheduled to meet Tuesday afternoon with a group of civil rights leaders who planned to raise their concerns directly with him.
Since Inauguration Day, President Trump has spent his time meeting with heads of state, titans of industry, economic advisers and public health specialists. And the founder of TMZ. Mr. Trump, in a meeting last Wednesday that went unmentioned on his public schedule, spent about an hour in the Oval Office chatting with Harvey Levin, the tabloid emperor whose Los Angeles-based news site and television show are leading purveyors of gossip and scandal. Face time with the leader of the free world is a coveted commodity, and Mr. Trump has granted few one-on-one interviews with journalists since taking office. But he and Mr. Levin have some history: The TMZ chieftain interviewed Mr. Trump for a Fox News special, “Objectified: Donald Trump,” that aired last fall. “The show was a huge success, and the two were discussing future opportunities,” Hope Hicks, a White House spokeswoman, wrote by email on Tuesday. Mr. Levin, according to two people with direct knowledge of the visit, broached the possibility of Mr. Trump sitting for another interview on his new Fox News se-
GABE GINSBERG/GETTY IMAGES
Harvey Levin and President Trump met in the Oval Office. ries, “Objectified,” a spinoff from last fall’s special. The show, which is expected to make its debut in September, is to feature interviews with celebrities who describe cherished objects in their lives. One of Mr. Levin’s ideal guests is Tom Brady, the New England Patriots quarterback and a friend of Mr. Trump, and Mr. Levin planned to ask the president if he would help secure the athlete’s participation, according to one of the people who described the visit. Mr. Levin, 66, visited the day after Mr. Trump’s first formal address to Congress, and was given a warm White House welcome. He received a tour of the presidential residence, including a stop in the Lincoln Bedroom — photographs of which he proudly showed to friends after returning to Los Angeles, one of the people said. Both spoke on condition of anonymity to share details of conversations that were intended to be private. Repeated inquiries to Mr. Levin and TMZ brought no response. Mr. Levin, whose White House visit was first described on Tuesday by the website Entitymag.com, is a lawyer who gained prominence as a commentator on the O.J. Simpson trial. He founded TMZ in 2005, building the Hollywood-focused operation into a powerful force in tabloid news, known for its scoops and its guerrilla interviews with celebrities at airports and other public places. His interview with Mr. Trump, filmed in September, was a Barbara Walters-style, soft-toned profile of the Republican presidential nominee, who reminisced at length about his childhood in Queens, military academy education, reality television career and rise to prominence. Mr. Levin’s questions tended to be friendly. “Who are you? Who is Donald Trump?” he asked. “Always a very tough question,” Mr. Trump replied.
A18
THE NEW YORK TIMES NATIONAL WEDNESDAY, MARCH 8, 2017
N
THE 45TH PRESIDENT Foreign Relations
A Symbiotic Relationship Emerges for Two Leaders Political Lift as Both Netanyahu and Trump Face Mounting Challenges on Home Front By MARK LANDLER
WASHINGTON — Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu of Israel was sitting in his residence in Jerusalem on Monday, being questioned by the police in a murky bribery and fraud investigation that could put an end to his political career, when the telephone rang. On the line was President Trump, who wanted to talk to Mr. Netanyahu about Iran and a few other matters. The prime minister excused himself for several minutes to take the call, and later issued a statement in which he thanked Mr. Trump “for his warm hospitality during his recent visit to Washington and expressed his appreciation for the president’s strong statement against anti-Semitism during the president’s speech before Congress.” It was the latest example of what has become a budding political symbiosis between the two men. The Israeli leader’s praise for Mr. Trump’s stand against anti-Semitism helped inoculate the president from charges that he had not responded swiftly enough to a skein of threats against Jewish community centers and the vandalism of Jewish cemeteries. And Mr. Trump’s conveniently timed call was a not-so-subtle reminder to Israel’s attorney general that indicting Mr. Netanyahu — a step that would precipitate his resignation as a prime minister — could harm Israel’s national security at a dangerous time. Mr. Netanyahu has survived past inquiries into his personal trips and home expenses without charges, and he has steadfastly denied wrongdoing in this case. But political analysts say this is the most serious legal challenge he has faced in his long political career — one that comes just as he has made a powerful new friend in the White House. “It appears that President Trump is prepared to go a long way to help Prime Minister Ne-
tanyahu with his domestic difficulties and that Netanyahu, in return, is willing to provide a kosher seal of approval for a president who was slow to condemn antiSemitism,” said Martin S. Indyk, who served as a special envoy to the Middle East in the Obama administration. American and Israeli officials insist they did not coordinate Mr. Trump’s call for political effect. White House officials said Mr. Trump told aides on Monday morning he wanted to speak to Mr. Netanyahu; the two sides spent a few hours setting up the call, which just happened to occur during the interrogation. But the president helped Mr. Netanyahu in another way a few weeks earlier. On the eve of their first visit, the White House told reporters that the president would be open to a peace accord between the Israelis and the Palestinians that did not involve the creation of a Palestinian state. That statement, which broke with decades of American policy in favor of a “two-state solution,” was a political gift to Mr. Netanyahu. He was under intense pressure from right-wing members of his coalition not to utter the phrase “two-state solution” during his trip to Washington, nor to have the new president formally embrace the policy. When Mr. Trump was asked during a news conference with Mr. Netanyahu whether he favored a one-state or two-state solution, he replied: “I like the one that both parties like. I’m very happy with the one that both parties like. I can live with either one.” When Mr. Netanyahu was asked his opinion, he referred approvingly to the briefing by the White House before he arrived. “I read yesterday that an American official said that if you ask five people what two states would look like, you’d get eight different answers,” he said. “Mr. President, if you ask five Israelis, you’d get 12 different answers. But rather than deal with labels, I want to deal
STEPHEN CROWLEY/THE NEW YORK TIMES
President Trump and Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu during the Israeli leader’s visit to Washington in February. with substance.” The next day, speaking at the United Nations, the American ambassador, Nikki R. Haley, said that, in fact, the United States still “absolutely” supported the twostate solution. For Mr. Netanyahu, that hardly mattered; back home, his trip was widely hailed as a success. Experts on the Israeli-American relationship said the choreography bore the imprint of Israel’s ambassador to the United States, Ron Dermer, and Mr. Trump’s son-in-law, Jared Kushner, who is taking a leading role in Middle East policy for the administration. The two speak regularly and were instrumental in setting up the visit. American and Israeli leaders have played in each other’s politics for a long time. In 1996, President Bill Clinton gave Prime Min-
ister Shimon Peres a ride on Air Force One during Israel’s closely fought election campaign. A week before the election, Mr. Clinton urged Israelis to vote for peace —
A shift from a toxic relationship under President Obama. that is, for Mr. Peres. His opponent in that election was Mr. Netanyahu. In 2012, Mr. Netanyahu welcomed Mitt Romney, the Republican presidential nominee, to Israel — all but endorsing him in his campaign against former President Barack Obama. Mr.
Netanyahu’s relationship with Mr. Obama had been toxic for years because of disputes over the Iran nuclear deal and the Israeli government’s settlement building in the West Bank. It is that relationship to which Mr. Trump and Mr. Netanyahu are eager to draw a contrast. There is no question the two are closer on key issues, not least the nuclear deal, which they both stridently condemn, although it is not clear either wants to rip it up immediately. In its statement, Mr. Netanyahu’s office said, “The two leaders spoke at length about the dangers posed by the nuclear deal with Iran and by Iran’s malevolent behavior in the region and about the need to work together to counter those dangers.” The White House said only that the two leaders had “discussed the
need to counter continuing threats and challenges facing the Middle East region,” though it took note of Mr. Netanyahu’s gratitude for Mr. Trump’s statements against anti-Semitic acts. So far, experts said, Mr. Netanyahu had benefited more from the relationship than Mr. Trump. “Solving today’s problems probably helps Bibi more than Trump in the short term,” said Daniel C. Kurtzer, a former American ambassador to Israel and Egypt, using Mr. Netanyahu’s nickname. “But in the larger picture of how Israel is viewed in Washington, it probably helps Trump as well.”
Books of The Times: Monday through Friday, The New York Times
Long haul, complex flights are our specialty!
3 Years in a Row Ranked #1 in the Homebuilding Industry Now boarding: the world. Your favorite destinations, your bucket-list destinations, your honeymoon destinations—all within your reach with some of the best fares of the year to Asia, South America, and exotic destinations. Your dream destination can become your reality. Choose your next global journey now! International Airfares
Economy Round-trip from
Premium Economy Round-trip from
Business Class Round-trip from
International Airfares
Economy Round-trip from
Premium Economy Round-trip from
Business Class Round-trip from
Amsterdam
$538*
$1589*
$2366*
Hong Kong
$1265*
$1981*
$4506*
Barcelona
$600*
$1852*
$1565*
Sydney
$1290*
$2402*
$4593*
Paris
$739*
$1557*
$2424*
Tokyo
$1485*
$2313*
$4160*
London
$764*
$1476*
$2786*
Auckland
$1581*
$5555*
$6813*
Speak with a Flight Center consultant today to learn about our wide range of airfares!
CALL FOR FLIGHTS 1.866.417.4783
PLUS! LAST MINUTE GETAWAYS
USA & CANADA MAUI • LAS VEGAS • MIAMI • SAN FRANCISCO • VANCOUVER • TORONTO
BOOK NOW - PRICES THIS LOW WON’T LAST! The world is full of amazing moments to feel, taste, smell, hear, see, and try, and we can connect you to all of them.
Call or visit one of our 125+ store locations nationwide
1.877.289.4444 TollB roth e rs .com *From FORTUNE Magazine, March 1, 2017 ©2017 Time Inc. FORTUNE and The World’s Most Admired Companies are registered trademarks of Time Inc. and are used under license. FORTUNE and Time Inc. are not affiliated with, and do not endorse products or services of, Toll Brothers, Inc.
Click: LibertyTravel.com/Times or Text Us: 201.749.1040
Ask about exclusive AARP Member Benefits at Liberty Travel
*Conditions Apply: Additional fees for baggage may apply. The prices do not include baggage fees or other optional fees charged directly by the airlines. Please refer to http://www.LibertyTravel.com/flights/ baggage-fees or contact your airline for detailed information regarding their checked baggage policies. Special promotions valid on new bookings only and prices are valid at time of publication and may change prior to booking. Prices are per person, based on double occupancy accommodations with round-trip airfare departing from New York and do not include meals unless otherwise indicated. Savings reflect land prices only and vary by travel dates. Availability is limited. Seats may not be available on all flights. Rates and/or package prices on airfares are subject to holiday blackouts, peak period surcharges, and cancellation charges may be applicable of up to the full price paid depending on the fare and/or package and when it is cancelled.
U.S. or international government imposed taxes and fees of up to $60 may apply on arrivals and departures depending on the itinerary chosen, and are payable to the appropriate airport authority. Some fares may be non-refundable, but may be exchanged for a fee of up to $200, plus any additional airfare costs due to difference in new airfares. Other restrictions may apply. Contact Liberty Travel for further details. AARP member benefits are provided by third parties, not by AARP or its affiliates. Providers pay a royalty fee to AARP for the use of its intellectual property. These fees are used for the general purposes of AARP. AARP does not employ or endorse travel agents. Some provider offers are subject to change and may have restrictions. Please contact the provider directly for details. Liberty Travel does not assume responsibility for any errors or omissions in the content of the offers displayed.
A19
WEDNESDAY, MARCH 8, 2017 N
They Helped Search for Her. Now They’re Charged in Her Murder. By NICK CORASANITI
They spread out across 11 beach towns, like a hundred flecks of hope on a desperate quest: combing a stretch of the Jersey Shore for Sarah Stern, a 19-year-old from Neptune City who had been missing for a week. Among the search party of family, friends and neighbors who braved the freezing cold in December were two high school friends of Ms. Stern’s, Liam McAtasney and Preston Taylor. Mr. Taylor had taken Ms. Stern to the junior prom. Mr. McAtasney had listed her under the “family” section of his friends on Facebook. Ms. Stern’s body has still not been found, but now Mr. McAtasney, 19, has been charged with her murder, based on a recorded conversation with a friend. Mr. Taylor, also 19, was charged with helping to conceal the murder and discard her remains. “It was kind of a shock, to say the very least,” said Michael Stern, Ms. Stern’s father, recalling how he felt when he learned that the two men — who had been her friends since grade school — had been accused in her death. At the initial hearing, he fought back tears, despondent that his only daughter was dead and had not simply “left without telling anybody.” Ms. Stern’s killing has gripped the small shore town where she lived, a grim account filled with sordid twists and turns involving a six-month plot, petty robbery and buried cash boxes that have kept it in the news and left residents grappling with a familiar sensation after such events: How could this happen here? “You can’t swing a stick in Neptune City and not hit someone you know,” Tim McCollum wrote on a Facebook page dedicated to finding Ms. Stern. “Two of my kids went to school with this girl. This is also a parent’s worst nightmare.” The trail that led investigators to the two young men began the night the police found the car that Ms. Stern had been driving, a 1994 Oldsmobile, abandoned atop the highest point of a bridge along Route 35 that crosses the Shark River in Belmar. Helicopters, police officers and firefighters immediately scoured the area, but found no trace of Ms. Stern. According to prosecutors, Mr. McAtasney had killed Ms. Stern at her home the day before the police found the car, the culmination of a six-month plot to mur-
MONMOUTH COUNTY PROSECUTOR'S OFFICE, VIA ASSOCIATED PRESS
An image from a dashboard camera showed an officer examining Sarah Stern’s car in December on a bridge in Belmar, N.J. Her body has not been found.
A small town is in shock as prosecutors link a woman’s killing to two of her friends. POOL PHOTO BY PETER ACKERMAN
der her after robbing her of $7,000 she kept in a safe deposit box at a bank. In a recorded conversation with a friend that was entered into evidence by prosecutors, Mr. McAtasney bragged about strangling Ms. Stern, describing how he lifted her off the ground before laying her down and watching for 30 minutes as she died. He knew exactly how long Ms. Stern lay dying, the authorities said, because he had timed it. Mr. Taylor confirmed the recorded conversation in a statement to court officials, saying that Mr. McAtasney had called him as he was carrying out the murder. “I’m at the bank. I’m going to do it now. I’m going to take her out,” Mr. McAtasney told Mr. Taylor, according to Meghan Doyle, the assistant Monmouth County prosecutor, who read parts of the conversation aloud in court. Mr. McAtasney then called him a few hours after strangling Ms. Stern, prosecutors said, begging Mr. Taylor to look for his cellphone because he feared he had left it somewhere in her home. He
Liam McAtasney, left, is accused of strangling Ms. Stern, 19, of Neptune City, N.J., shown at right in a photo on Facebook, as part of a plot to rob her of $7,000. Preston Taylor, above, is accused of helping to conceal the murder and discard her remains.
POOL PHOTO BY THOMAS P. COSTELLO
also asked for help getting rid of the body, prosecutors said. Mr. Taylor then dragged the lifeless woman outside and hid her in a bush for a few hours while the two men finished plans. Later, under the cover of night, they propped up Ms. Stern’s body in the front seat of her car and drove to the bridge, where she was cast off, the authorities said. Her car was abandoned with the keys still inside. Ms. Stern was a budding artist, according to her father, making regular
trips to conventions like Comic-Con and Buffer, and communicated regularly with social media stars. As news of her disappearance spread, a couple of wellknown YouTube personalities, Julien Solomita and Jenna Marbles, posted videos asking for help. “She just had a fantastic art teacher in high school, and her talent just blossomed over the last two or three years,” Mr. Stern said. “I would say, had her career continued, she would have become one of the top artists in the world.”
The search for Ms. Stern has continued. Relying on Mr. Taylor’s confession, the police have recovered two buried safe boxes, one in Sandy Hook containing about $7,000 and another in Shark River Park containing Ms. Stern’s clothing. Despite the audio evidence, Mr. McAtasney’s defense lawyer maintains his client’s innocence, saying that Mr. McAtasney’s boasting about the murder was just “talk,” and that they are “hopeful the girl is still alive.” Mr. Taylor’s law-
yer did not respond to a request for comment, though he argued in court that Mr. Taylor had tried to talk Mr. McAtasney out of the plot, according to NJ.com. Both men are being held without bail. In the meantime, the town remains engrossed by the case. “Everybody is still talking about this,” said Charles Stone, a lawyer and friend of the Sterns. “I’ll run into people that I don’t know who had seen me being interviewed on TV and ask me about the case. And I’ve gotten emails from people that were just concerned about the family and offered to help in any way, shape or form.” The killing has shocked those who knew the two defendants in high school, who were described as “jokesters” by classmates and friends. Mr. McAtasney was also a talented trumpet player who learned instruments quickly while in marching band. Mr. Taylor was a “carefree kid” who surfed from time to time and was interested in skateboarding, according to an uncle. Those who know them say they enjoyed having a good time like most high school students, drinking and occasionally smoking marijuana. Friends and neighbors say both men had a middle-class childhood and, from appearances, weren’t wealthy but also weren’t struggling, leaving many to wonder how they could be accused in Ms. Stern’s killing. “I have like an 8-year-old and a 10year-old, and I was trying to hide them away from all this stuff,” said Steven Staloff, 43, an uncle of Mr. Taylor. He said Mr. Taylor used to babysit for his children. “We were all out, we were out to dinner, and all of the sudden he was on TV,” Mr. Staloff said. So my kids know.” As more details emerge, confusion has started to mix with despair. “He’s not that kind of kid, man,” Mr. Staloff said.
For Years, Special Prosecutor Billed the City $300 an Hour Looking for $5,000 It was the fall of 2009, President Barack Obama’s first year in office. On Staten Island, voters sent Debi Rose to the City Council, making her the first African-American elected public official from that borough. Who could have guessed that a single City Council race would turn into an elephantine criminal inquiABOUT ry that dragged on for NEW YORK years, at enormous cost, to absolutely no point whatsoever? Next week, the extraordinary prosecution of two men who worked on that campaign nearly eight years ago is likely to come to an end. A private lawyer, Roger Bennet Adler, who was appointed in 2012 by the Office of Court Administration to serve as a special prosecutor investigating the campaign, has announced his intention to dismiss all charges in the “interests of justice” and because he doesn’t have proof that the men, David G. Thomas and David Jones, did anything wrong. There will be no trial. Like a modern-day version of Inspector Javert from Victor Hugo’s “Les Misérables,” the dogged Mr. Adler has spent the better part of five years try-
Roger Bennet Adler in 2015, and Debi Rose, a City Council member from Staten Island. Mr. Adler investigated possible violations of campaign finance law during the Rose campaign.
JIM DWYER
Email: dwyer@nytimes.com Twitter: @jimdwyernyt
ing to find evidence that two men stole money from the campaign — even though they made proper filings with the city campaign finance board. The amount of the purported larceny was $5,000. It has probably cost 200 times the value of the nonexistent theft for Mr. Adler to reach the conclusion that there is no crime to prosecute. During the investigation, Mr. Adler billed the city over $520,000 in fees, at $300 an hour, “below the prevailing rate,” he said on Tuesday. He has not yet submitted his final invoice. The tab for the special prosecutor is
just a fraction of the public and private money involved. Grand jurors sat for months, hearing evidence; multiple judges, up to and including members of the state’s highest court, reviewed and ruled on the case, whittling down the charges; defense lawyers, including, among others, Justine Harris, Florian Miedel and Sam Gregory — who worked at a discount, but not free — filed volumes of motions; the full machinery of the judicial system, including court officers, law clerks and stenographic reporters, was deployed every time there was a hearing. For good measure, at their initial
appearances the defendants were handcuffed, fingerprinted and delivered to court in police cars. “I have a sense of professional disappointment,” Mr. Adler said. “I was not able to conclude my assignment as originally planned.” How did this colossal ball of nothing get rolling? It is probably best understood — if at all — as the tail end of a political war that began in 2009 with the successful rise of the Working Families Party, a liberal-left political organization heavily supported by labor unions. The party helped elect people like Bill de Blasio, Ms. Rose, Brad Lander and Steve Levin to the City Council. Its success attracted the attention and resistance of, among others, Randy Mastro, a former deputy mayor under Rudolph Giuliani and a partner in a large law firm. In 2009 Mr. Mastro sued and succeeded in getting a settlement that shut down a for-profit consulting business run by the party, and also getting his fees paid. Around that time, the Staten Island district attorney, Dan Donovan, filed an affidavit with the state courts seeking the appointment of a special prosecutor to investigate possible criminal violations of the campaign finance law during the Debi Rose campaign. Mr. Donovan’s reasons for not having his own office look into the matter are
sealed in court records. In the meantime, however, the United States attorney in Manhattan, Preet Bharara, began an investigation of the Working Families Party. A team that included eight federal prosecutors and investigators reviewed 36,000 pages of documents and concluded that there was no reason to bring charges. You might think that was enough — Mr. Bharara is not known for leaving any flesh on the bones for other prosecutors — but a deputy administrative judge appointed Mr. Adler to consider state charges. Mr. Adler had been the president of the Brooklyn Bar Association and had actually served as a special prosecutor in another election law case in 1992. That one was dismissed by a judge who had stern words for Mr. Adler’s conduct in front of the grand jury. This time, Mr. Adler brought an indictment with 23 counts, 20 of which were struck down by judges. Those that remained involved a legitimate $5,000 campaign payment that normally is audited by the city’s Campaign Finance Board. These are to be dropped now for want of proof. “I wouldn’t quarrel that some would take the view that after all this time and money,” Mr. Adler said, “the result is disappointing.”
A20
THE NEW YORK TIMES NEW YORK WEDNESDAY, MARCH 8, 2017
N
Paterson Mayor Charged With Having Employees Do Personal Work for Him By NICK CORASANITI
The mayor of a northern New Jersey city has been charged with official misconduct after an investigation found that the mayor had asked public employees to work on personal projects while they were being paid by the city, the New Jersey attorney general announced on Tuesday. Jose Torres, 58, the mayor of Paterson, the state’s third-largest city, was accused in the scheme along with three public works supervisors. “This is a case of old-school public corruption and abuse of power,” Christopher Porrino, the state attorney general, said in a news conference. “Mayor Torres allegedly treated city workers like his personal handymen and treated taxpayer dollars like they were his own.” Mr. Torres and the three supervisors, Joseph Mania, 51, Imad Mowaswes, 52, and Timothy Hanlon 30, were charged with conspiracy, official misconduct, theft, tampering with public records and falsifying or tampering with records, among other charges. Prosecutors declined to immediately provide the names of the lawyers for the three supervisors. Mr. Torres’s office said it would release a statement but offered no
GREGG VIGLIOTTI FOR THE NEW YORK TIMES
Attorney General Christopher S. Porrino of New Jersey announcing that Mayor Jose Torres of Paterson and three public works supervisors were indicted on charges of official misconduct. further comment. The charges are the latest in a string of political scandals and investigations that have plagued New Jersey, ensnaring two of the
past three governors, one if its current senators, the Port Authority of New York and New Jersey and several local governments. And it is a repeat for Paterson,
which in 2002 saw the mayor at the time, Martin Barnes, indicted on federal charges and spend about two years in prison. The investigation in Paterson
found that Mr. Torres asked several city employees to work at a warehouse leased by his daughter and his nephew, under the name Quality Beer. The employees were supposed to be working for the city but instead were doing things like painting, carpentry and electrical work, prosecutors said. Mr. Mania then falsified overtime records to ensure the workers got paid by the city. In addition to Tuesday’s charges, Mr. Torres’s has faced other controversies while mayor. In February, he issued an executive order canceling the city’s tire recycling program after an investigation by WNBC-TV revealed that private companies were skirting city fees in order to dump thousands of tires. The Federal Bureau of Investigation issued a subpoena for city records after the report. The investigation by the state into Mr. Torres’s actions was prompted by a tip from a private citizen, Mr. Porrino said, as well as “ongoing investigative reporting” by WNBC, which first broadcast video of city officials in March doing work on Mr. Torres’s home while on the clock for the city. The footage showed two men carrying a large beer cooler into Mr. Torres’s house, while other
footage showed men identified as city employees performing various odd jobs around his home: moving boxes, carrying tools and washing his scooter. The workers were sometimes shown wearing Department of Public Works uniforms, or driving city vehicles to and from a site where Mr. Torres was said to have directed employees to perform construction work on a potential business for his nephew. The reports involving the mayor have struck a chord in a city facing a budget crisis so severe that disputes involving overtime pay for city workers have become routine, and occasionally heated, at council meetings. Since the initial television reports, Mr. Torres has repeatedly denied the allegations, claiming to have done nothing illegal and saying that employees were doing work on their personal time. He claimed to have paid them out of his own pocket and said that they were close friends, telling The Paterson Press that one of the worker’s daughters referred to him as Papa Joe. Mr. Torres was first elected mayor of Paterson in 2002, having served on the City Council since 1990 and lived almost all his life in the city.
School Officials Brace for Potential Visits From Immigration Agents By ELIZABETH A. HARRIS
In January, New York City’s schools chancellor, Carmen Fariña, sent a letter home to students’ families, reassuring them that the city was not keeping records of their immigration status and that immigration agents would not be roaming schools unfettered. But that has not kept the questions from coming, said Maite Junco, a senior adviser at the city’s Education Department. School administrators and parents who are worried about the Trump administration’s crackdown on undocumented immigrants want “details on exactly how the process works,” Ms. Junco said. “In a circumstance where ICE shows up at the school,” she said, using the acronym for Immigration and Customs Enforcement, “what is the minute-by-minute protocol almost.” Ms. Junco said the department was planning to circulate more detailed guidelines to
schools in the coming days. Across the region — and the country — education officials are facing a similar flood of questions from principals and frantic parents, especially in districts with large numbers of immigrants, some of whom are undocumented. In response, states have distributed letters to superintendents about asking for warrants and subpoenas from Immigration and Customs Enforcement agents. Reminders have circulated that schools are never to ask families about their immigration status when they enroll their children. And districts have circulated memos about what to do if federal immigration officers show up at the schoolhouse door. No such raids have been documented so far, and the Department of Homeland Security has declared schools off limits. But under the Trump administration, immigration policies have changed sharply and without much warn-
ing. Districts say they want to be prepared. “If you’re sitting there in math class wondering if someone is going to burst through the door and pick you up, you’re not going to be learning math well,” said William Clark, chief operating officer of the New Haven Board of Education in Connecticut. “The kids should not be worried about this. They’re here to learn.” For the moment, much of what school systems are offering is guidance, and whether it is written by the Connecticut public university system, the New York City Education Department or the State of Virginia, many of the recommendations are similar. Schools often say student information must not be shared without a court order or subpoena. They instruct that if an Immigration and Customs Enforcement officer comes looking for a student, the school officials should demand to see a warrant and review it
carefully to find out what exactly it permits. “The law does provide protections for students, and there are limitations of what law enforcement can do,” said Attorney General Eric T. Schneiderman of New York. “We’re doing our best to fill in the background and to tell them that students have a lot of rights.” Many guidance documents also offer advice on how to prepare for raids that might happen outside school. In a letter that the Chicago public school system sent to schools last month, one section is titled “Children Left Stranded Because His/Her Parent Is Detained by ICE.” The first recommendation is that schools encourage parents to update their child’s emergency contact list and to include backups, like friends or relatives, to create a broader safety net. Some localities are being proactive in other areas as well. The New York City Education Department, which will give the SAT in schools on April 5, recently instructed schools not to have students fill out the Student Data Questionnaire that comes with the test. A department spokeswoman said the decision stemmed from concerns about student privacy, including immigration status. The survey asks for information like religion, family income and whether the student is a citizen.
State officials and activists in New York and Connecticut say they have heard some anecdotal reports of frightened parents keeping their children home from school, but so far, overall attendance levels have been normal. Since 2011, Immigration and Customs Enforcement has had a policy regarding “sensitive locations,” including schools, health care facilities and houses of worship, where enforcement actions “should generally be avoided,” according to Carissa Cutrell, a spokeswoman for the agency, which is under the Department of Homeland Security. The policy remains in effect, she said. “D.H.S. is committed to ensuring that people seeking to participate in activities or utilize services provided at any sensitive location are free to do so without fear or hesitation,” Ms. Cutrell said in an email. The policy on sensitive locations, however, is itself just guidance. Lee Gelernt, deputy director of the American Civil Liberties Union’s Immigrants’ Rights Project, said that it was “not something you can strictly enforce in court.” “But hopefully they’re going to follow it,” he added, “because they are saying they’re going to follow it.” It is not just states and big cities that are trying to ensure schools
WILLIAM WIDMER FOR THE NEW YORK TIMES
Most students in Hartford are Latino. Leslie Torres-Rodriguez, the acting superintendent, said, “This is personal.” are prepared. In Freeport, a village on New York’s Long Island, district officials sent letters home and met with school administrators to discuss protocols. And in Hartford, where 55 percent of the students are Latino, the acting superintendent, Leslie TorresRodriguez, said the district had met with principals twice on immigration issues, sent letters to schools and families, and even released videos in English and Spanish about district policies. “As a Latina myself, this is personal,” Ms. Torres-Rodriguez said. “And on a personal level, I wanted to be very proactive.”
Not Guilty, at Least Here, Lawyer Says By JAMES C. McKINLEY Jr.
The trial of a career con artist who pretended to be a military veteran to lease a luxury car with stolen funds from a counterfeit check scheme came to a close on Monday, as the two sides offered sharply different interpretations of the evidence during summations. Nothing is run-of-the-mill about the life of Jeremy Wilson, a career con man who often pretends to be a war veteran to pull off his schemes, and his two-week trial in New York on charges of forgery and possession of stolen property was no exception. Mr. Wilson, born Jeremy ClarkErskine in Indianapolis in 1973, has adopted more than two dozen aliases over the years to pull off confidence schemes in at least five states and Canada, often pretending to be a former soldier or a corporate executive, and sometimes taking on an Irish or British persona, according to court documents. He was arrested in Manhattan in January 2016 after the police caught him with a luxury BMW car he had leased a few weeks earlier in Boston using a false name, forged documents and pilfered funds. A search of his apartment turned up three fake IDs and a debit card under the same alias. Mr. Wilson, 43, also faces larceny and check-fraud charges in Cambridge, Mass. But he first had to stand trial in New York on charges of forgery, possession of stolen property and possession of a forged instrument brought by the Manhattan district attorney’s office. His lawyer, Robert Briere, did not dispute most of the evidence against his client in Manhattan. But, he said, under a strict reading of the law, the prosecution did not prove that Mr. Wilson committed any crimes in New York. “Mr. Wilson certainly isn’t an innocent man in the conventional sense of the word,” Mr. Briere said. But “it’s not what he did in Boston,” he said. “The people have to prove his intentions here in New York.” Mr. Briere likened Mr. Wilson’s bogus identity to a stage name —
NICOLE BENGIVENO/THE NEW YORK TIMES
Jeremy Wilson, 43, is on trial in a forgery case in New York. like Jay Z or Hulk Hogan — and said his client had done nothing illegal when he opened a checking account under that name at the Actors Federal Credit Union in New York, signing an application in an act that the prosecution said amounted to forgery. “It’s not illegal to adopt an alias,” Mr. Briere said. But the lead prosecutor, Diego Diaz, told jurors that Mr. Wilson had invented a new identity for himself in Boston in mid-November 2014 “for one purpose and one purpose only: to defraud others.” “This was all part of an overarching plan to steal,” Mr. Diaz said. “Every single document that bears that name is fraudulent.” Although the jury was not told this, Mr. Wilson finished a six-year stint in federal prison just before he arrived in Boston. In that prior case, he pleaded guilty to impersonating an Army officer, forging a judge’s signature and stealing a car. It was one of several fraud convictions dating back to the early 1990s. Mr. Wilson created the persona of Jeremiah Asimov-Beckingham, a former soldier working for British Airways, to hoodwink car salesmen at a BMW dealership, Mr. Diaz said. He presented a fake passport and driver’s license, forged pay stubs and bogus military records to back up his story.
At the same time, Mr. Diaz said, Mr. Wilson had been writing counterfeit checks using the stolen account number of a small design company and depositing them into a bank account he had opened in Cambridge as Mr. AsimovBeckingham. He used about $9,000 to lease the car, then left Boston just before the counterfeit checks were discovered, Mr. Diaz said. Mr. Wilson arrived in New York on Christmas Eve and, within days, rented an apartment and opened a bank account at the actors credit union, using the same alias and fake documents, the prosecutor said. “This man, when he crossed from Boston into New York, was going to continue to use these forged documents,” Mr. Diaz said. On Friday, jurors saw a videotaped confession, more than an hour long, during which Mr. Wilson explained in detail how he tricked the car dealers, explaining away his lack of a credit score with a quip about not liking to borrow money. He also explained how he had stolen a corporate credit card from a mailbox at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, where he pretended to be an instructor, and used the card to buy thousands of dollars’ worth of equipment. With a smile, he detailed how he had found a prop company in New York willing to make two fake passports and a driver’s license that he used in the fraud. “The defendant speaks for himself,” Mr. Diaz said. Mr. Briere argued that the fake passports were obviously props, bought from a theatrical company, that would fool no one. He also contended that the car had not technically been stolen, since Mr. Wilson had failed the credit check and paid cash for a down payment and the first two months of the lease. The prosecutor called that argument absurd, given that the money had come from fraudulent checks. “It was all a con,” he said. “His lease was a pile of lies, forgeries and deceptions.” The jury will begin deliberations on Wednesday.
THE NEW YORK TIMES NEW YORK WEDNESDAY, MARCH 8, 2017
N
A21
Migrants Use Quiet Country Road as an Offramp From the U.S. De Blasio And Cuomo Decry Threats Against Jews
From Page A1 busier illegal points of entry. Mr. Crowningshiele picks up passengers in Plattsburgh, mostly at the airport or the bus station, and over the 25-mile drive north, they have told him that they had traveled from across the country. Some were migrants from Yemen and Turkey. They confided that they were fearful, of what was happening in the countries they wanted to leave behind — not just their homeland but now also the United States — and of what they faced once they stepped out of Mr. Crowningshiele’s cab. “You wonder what’s going through their heads, you know?” he said. Many of his passengers have been families, with parents carrying young children and whatever possessions they could take with them. “People just want to live their life,” Mr. Crowningshiele, 48, said, “and not be scared.” Given their proximity to Canada, people around here have always had some awareness of the world beyond the border. A pop music station in Montreal comes through clearly on the radio, and it is not all that unusual to make a run to the other side to shop. But the steady stream of cabs that have started driving up Roxham Road has forced them to reckon with life on the border and decisions made in Washington in ways they never have before. This is not exactly Trump Country. In Clinton County, which includes Champlain, Hillary Clinton eclipsed Mr. Trump by 610 votes. Many residents on Roxham Road said they did not bother to vote and had followed politics just enough to feel disenchanted, if not disgusted. “I used to just blow everything off,” said Melissa Beshaw, whose house is the second to last before the border. “I was never into politics until this road became famous.” She, like some others, was quick to assign blame to Mr. Trump. Immigration advocates in Canada said the reasons for fleeing were more complicated: The president’s executive order in January on immigration that affected countries that are mostly Muslim was certainly a factor, but so were frustration with the immigration process in general and concern over anti-Muslim rhetoric. Migrants have been coming to places like Roxham Road not because they want to sneak over the border; the expectation is to walk right into the arms of the Canadian authorities. An agreement between the United States and Canada makes it virtually impossible for them to ask for asylum at a legal border crossing; Canadian border officials would have to turn them back. But a technicality allows them to bypass the agreement by illegally setting foot in Canada. “Once they get arrested, they’re already on Canadian soil,” said Jean-Sébastien Boudreault, the president of the Quebec Immigration Lawyers Association, “so we have to let them do a refugee claim.” Just after a gentle rain let up on a recent afternoon, a blue Prius with a yellow taxi sign perched on its roof approached the border. A husband and wife got out. He loaded on a backpack, a duffel bag and several shopping bags. She carried a young boy. The couple declined to speak with a reporter, though the man said they were Turkish. The family was the second spotted arriving that day on Roxham Road, with at least two other cabs coming later. By the count of the people living on the road, it was a slow day. Almost 20 people had come the day before. As the family approached the border, a member of the Royal Canadian Mounted Police told them it was not legal for them to enter here. If they continued, he said, they would be arrested. “I apologize about this,” the man replied, his voice unsure, “but I have to break your rules.” He paused. “I’m sorry.”
By WILLIAM NEUMAN and JESSE McKINLEY
PHOTOGRAPHS BY TODD HEISLER/THE NEW YORK TIMES
A family from Turkey crossed into Canada from Champlain, N.Y., last month as part of an effort to seek asylum.
An obelisk marking the boundary between the United States and Canada near Champlain. Fearing President Trump’s policies, migrants have been trying to cross into Canada since his election.
it.” “I can see his point of view,” he said. “He’s trying to protect the United States. It’s hard. Some are good. Not everybody’s bad. Just like the white man — you have good ones and you have bad ones. There should be something better than this.” Across the street from Mr. Hogle, Matthew Turner said the influx had been unsettling. “I’m not O.K. with it,” he said of the border crossings, “but I definitely can’t blame them.” He recently discovered the lock on his shed had been tampered with and worried that border security was not tight enough. “I used to hunt along the border,” said Parker Cashman, who was staying with Mr. Turner, “and there’s too many places where it’s too easy to cross.” “Maybe we need to build a wall!” Mr. Turner replied, jokingly. “Have Canada pay for it!” He pointed out that Roxham Road can be hard to find. Until recently, if you typed it into Google Maps, the pinpoint landed on a roadway on the other side of the border. “It’s almost like this road doesn’t exist,” said Mr. Turner, a 21-year-old warehouse worker. It is unclear how the border hoppers, as some call them, first found Roxham Road. There are moments when residents are frustrated by it, like the day when local television stations discovered what was happening and came out with their satellite trucks. But, mostly, they sympathize with the people passing through. Ms. Beshaw, who stays at home to raise two grandsons in her custody, said she had never had a conversation or even shared a word with the migrants. But she has watched as the taxis arrive again and again, and she sees the passengers, especially the children, getting out and trudging through rain, snow and bitter cold. “I don’t feel sorry for the adults as much as the kids,” she said. Still, she understands their motivation. “All they want is a life like what we have,” she said. Ms. Beshaw also wishes that life for her would return to how it was just a few weeks ago. “It was a quiet road,” she said wistfully. As dusk settled in, dogs could be heard yapping through the woods, and Ms. Beshaw’s grandsons pedaled around on their bicycles, chasing each other. Before long, darkness blanketed the trees and stars freckled the vast country sky. All was quiet on Roxham Road, except for the babbling water in the ditch. Still, just over the border, Mounties were posted on a muddy hill, waiting for the next car to arrive.
drea Kannapell, not Kanapel.
SCIENCE TIMES
CANADA
10 MILES
Champlain 11 87
Lake Champlain
NEW YORK Plattsburgh CANADA
Champlain
ADIRONDACK MTS.
NEW YORK
Albany
New York City THE NEW YORK TIMES
A discarded boot near the border. “People just want to live their life,” said a taxi driver who carries migrants, “and not be scared.” The couple hopped across a narrow, mucky creek that divides the two countries. A Canadian officer gently grabbed the woman’s left arm as she held her son in the crook of her right arm, helping her up. Lawyers said families like this one were usually taken to immigration offices at the nearest legal border crossing, where they can officially ask for asylum. If they have identification and do not appear to pose a security threat, the lawyers said, they are typically released and given a bus ticket to Montreal, where they wait for a hearing on their refugee status. Many of them are staying at a Y.M.C.A. there.
The border crossings, despite being freighted with emotion, happen quickly and can seem almost procedural, occurring over and over every day in recent weeks. Tony George Hogle Sr. has lived on Roxham Road for almost 25 years, moving in when it was still a strip of dirt. He said that years ago the road had been an official crossing. He certainly has noticed the pickup in traffic recently. He has seen people left at the intersection, forced to drag their suitcases a mile through the snow. His sleep apnea keeps him awake, he said, and he has seen taxis creeping up the road in the dead of night.
Mr. Hogle did not vote in November and said he was “leery” of Mr. Trump. On some counts, he said, the president is “doing all right.” Mr. Trump’s campaign promises about the economy and bringing back jobs had some appeal. There are some jobs around here, mostly in warehouses, Mr. Hogle said, but he wished there was better-paying work. He used to be a forklift driver in a warehouse before a medical condition left him on disability. His wife works at a gas station and at a discount store. “I think what he set out to do, he’s doing,” Mr. Hogle, 54, said of Mr. Trump. “He’s a man of his word.” He understood the president’s motivation in pursuing his immigration policies, but the situation at his own doorstep made him question the “way he went about
Corrections INTERNATIONAL
An article on Feb. 14 about the death of four snowboarders in an avalanche in the French Alps — including an unidentified 48-yearold man, his 19- and 15-year-old male relatives and their 59-yearold instructor — misstated the relationship of the 19-year-old man to the 48-year-old. The younger man was the older one’s stepson, not his son-in-law. NEW YORK
Because of an editing error, an article on Sunday about an impromptu trip to Israel by Gov. Andrew M. Cuomo described incorrectly an earlier visit he made there. The governor visited near the Gaza border; he did not go to Gaza. The “Inside The Times” feature on Tuesday about the newspaper’s efforts to provide a variety of coverage on its front page and its home page misspelled the surname of the editor in charge of the daily Briefings column. She is An-
BUSINESS DAY
An article on Thursday about a leadership shake-up at the hedge fund Bridgewater Associates misspelled, in several instances, the surname of a former Apple executive who also left Bridgewater. He is Jon Rubinstein, not Rubenstein. An article on Feb. 27 about computer chip makers’ hopes that Trump administration policies will keep manufacturing in the United States referred incorrectly to the production of chips by Micron. The majority of them are made in Asia, not in the United States. An article on Tuesday about a lawsuit against Sterling Jewelers that shed light on workplace issues misstated part of the name of the school at Cornell where Alexander Colvin is a professor. It is the School of Industrial and Labor Relations, not the School of International Relations. The article
also omitted part of the title of a book by Lauren B. Edelman, who discussed internal dispute systems. It is “Working Law: Courts, Corporations and Symbolic Civil Rights,” not “Courts, Corporations and Symbolic Civil Rights.” SPORTS
An article last Wednesday about a congressional hearing with representatives of the International Olympic Committee and the World Anti-Doping Agency misstated, in some copies, the given name of a Republican from Oregon who is the chairman of the House Energy and Commerce Committee. He is Greg Walden, not Jim. THE ARTS
A picture credit on Saturday with a Critic’s Notebook article about the exhibition “State of Exception/Estado de Excepción” at the Parsons School of Design, using information from the school,
misspelled the surname of the photographer. He is Garrett Carroll, not Carrol. In addition, an accompanying picture caption referred incompletely to a collection of backpacks in the exhibit. The photograph was taken earlier in the exhibition; it is not current and does not reflect slight changes made to the display over time.
An answer in the “A Conversation With” article on Tuesday, in which Adam Alter, a social psychologist, talked about his new book, “Irresistible: The Rise of Addictive Technology and the Business of Keeping Us Hooked,” misstated the year Steve Jobs said in an interview that his children did not use iPads. It was 2010, not 2012. (Mr. Jobs died in 2011.)
WEEKEND
An art review on Feb. 24 about “Looking Back: The 11th White Columns Annual” misstated the surname of one of the artists featured in the exhibition. He is Cameron Rowland, not Martin.
OBITUARIES
Report an Error: nytnews@nytimes.com or call 1-844-NYT-NEWS (1-844-698-6397). Editorials: letters@nytimes.com or fax (212) 556-3622. Public Editor: Readers concerned
about issues of journalistic integrity may reach the public editor at public@nytimes.com or (212) 5567646.
The byline for an obituary on Tuesday about the Turner Classic Movies host Robert Osborne was omitted. The obituary was by Richard Sandomir.
Newspaper Delivery: customercare@nytimes.com or call 1-800-NYTIMES (1-800-698-4637).
Mayor Bill de Blasio had just arrived for a meeting with Jewish leaders on Tuesday morning to discuss a disturbing rise in the number of hate crimes aimed at Jewish community centers and organizations when he was briefed by police officials about the latest incident: a bomb threat at the office of the Anti-Defamation League in Manhattan. “New threats are coming in literally as of today,” Mr. de Blasio said at a news conference after the meeting, held at the Joan and Alan Bernikow Jewish Community Center on Staten Island. The center had received a bomb threat about a week earlier and the facility was evacuated while police searched the building. Other threats on Tuesday morning were made at Anti-Defamation League offices in Boston and Washington, and at several Jewish community centers and a day school in upstate New York, Florida, Maryland, Oregon and Wisconsin, according to Twitter posts by the league’s chief executive, Jonathan Greenblatt, and state officials. “This is a moment in time, a moment in history, where forces of hate have been unleashed,” Mr. de Blasio said. The mayor’s trip to Staten Island came a day after Gov. Andrew M. Cuomo returned from Israel, where he had traveled to show his support amid the wave of anti-Semitic threats and attacks in New York State and around the nation. The rise in anti-Semitic attacks has drawn condemnation from the mayor and the governor, who, although both Democrats, have found little to agree on. Both Mr. Cuomo and Mr. de Blasio have pointed to last year’s presidential election as a factor in the increase in hate crimes, which have also targeted Muslims, blacks, Hispanics, and members of gay and transgender groups. The governor’s whirlwind trip to a critical American ally — he arrived on Sunday morning and left shortly after midnight — stoked speculation that he was considering a future presidential run, although he denied that there were political ramifications to the visit. “If you really care, you show up,” he said in Jerusalem, where he met with Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu and other officials. Mr. Cuomo took to Twitter on Tuesday to say that state police officers were on the scene at the league office in Manhattan and community centers in two upstate towns, Brighton and Dewitt, that had received bomb threats. There have been 100 hate crimes reported so far in New York this year, compared with 47 during the same period last year, according to the Police Department. Of those 100, 55 were aimed at Jews or Jewish institutions, compared with 19 in the prior period. “We have not seen anything like this in many years, this level of hatred directed against the Jewish community, this many threats,” Mr. de Blasio said. Robert K. Boyce, the Police Department’s chief of detectives, said that common elements linking some of the threats led investigators to conclude that the wave of incidents may be organized. “This could be coming from a singular individual or a group thereof,” he said. “Right now, it’s undetermined. But they are coming in quite frequently right now with specific language that I will not get into on each one.” Last week a St. Louis man, Juan Thompson, was arrested on charges of making more than a half-dozen threats against Jewish institutions in New York and around the country. Among the threats listed in the complaint against Mr. Thompson was a February bomb threat called into the New York office of the Anti-Defamation League. But there have been many other threats not attributed to Mr. Thompson, officials said. Asked on Tuesday whether the new executive order signed by President Trump this week restricting immigration from six majority-Muslim countries contributed to an atmosphere in which hate crimes could flourish, Mr. de Blasio said, “In my opinion, it does not help at all.” Mr. Cuomo chimed in on Twitter, saying that the new executive order “fails the test of American values.” Etzion Neuer, the deputy director of the Anti-Defamation League for the New York region, attended the meeting with Jewish leaders and the mayor. While there have been spikes in the number of threats before, “We’ve never seen this, again and again, waves and waves of these threats,” he said. “They’re targeting Jewish community centers, they’re targeting offices and lives are being disrupted.”
A22
WEDNESDAY, MARCH 8, 2017
N
EDITORIALS
LETTERS
No Wonder They Hid the Health Bill Republican House leaders have spent months dodging questions about how they would replace the Affordable Care Act with a better law, and went so far as to hide the draft of their plan from other lawmakers. No wonder. The bill they released on Monday would kick millions of people off the coverage they currently have. So much for President Trump’s big campaign promise: “We’re going to have insurance for everybody” — with coverage that would be “much less expensive and much better.” More than 20 million Americans gained health care coverage under the A.C.A., or Obamacare. Health experts say most would lose that coverage under the proposal. Let’s start with Medicaid. Obamacare expanded the program to cover 11 million more poor Americans in 31 states and the District of Columbia. The Republican bill would end the expansion in When House 2020. Although people who sign up beleaders finally fore 2020 under the expanded Medicaid unveiled their program, which covers people with inplan, the comes up to 138 percent of the federal suffering it poverty level (about $33,900 for a famwould inflict on ily of four), would be allowed to stay on, millions of many would be kicked off over time. Americans was The working poor tend to drop in and clear. out of Medicaid because their incomes fluctuate, and the Republican plan would bar people who left the expanded program from going back in. The bill would also, for the first time ever, apply a perperson limit on how much the federal government spends on Medicaid. This change could shift about $370 billion in health care costs over 10 years to state governments, according to the Center on Budget and Policy Priorities. Many state governments, faced with limited budgets, would be forced to cut benefits or cover fewer people. For people who buy insurance on federal or state-run health exchanges, the G.O.P. plan would greatly reduce the A.C.A.’s subsidies, which come in the form of tax credits. For example, a 40-year-old living in Raleigh, N.C., who earns $30,000 a year would receive $3,000 from the government to buy insurance, 32 percent less than under current law, according to the Kaiser Family Foundation. The bill would pro-
vide older people more generous subsidies — those over 60 get a subsidy of $4,000, or twice as much as 20-somethings — but insurers would be allowed to charge older people five times as much as younger people. The plan would do away with the current mandate that requires nearly everybody to obtain insurance or pay a penalty. (Instead, insurers would be allowed to charge people who don’t maintain their insurance continuously 30 percent more for coverage.) But because the legislation would still require insurers to cover pre-existing conditions, people would have a strong financial incentive to buy insurance only when they got sick — a sure way to destroy the insurance market. House Speaker Paul Ryan and Tom Price, the secretary of health and human services, have railed against high premiums and deductibles for plans sold on the health exchanges, but that problem would only worsen under their proposal because insurers would almost certainly raise their prices as the pool of the insured shrank. Republican lawmakers seem to think that people who can’t afford insurance are simply irresponsible. Representative Jason Chaffetz of Utah, for instance, told CNN that people should invest in their health care, “rather than getting that new iPhone.” Word to Mr. Chaffetz: Health insurance costs more than $18,000 a year for an average family; an iPhone costs a few hundred dollars. While working people lose health care, the rich would come out winners. The bill would eliminate the taxes on businesses and individuals (people making more than $200,000 a year) who fund Obamacare. The tax cuts would total about $600 billion over 10 years, according to the Joint Committee on Taxation. House committees will start considering the bill on Wednesday. Even if it passes the House, some Republican senators object to the Medicaid cuts and the Tea Party wing hates the idea of retaining any subsidies. Republicans have been vowing to repeal the Affordable Care Act even before it became law in 2010. But they still haven’t come up with a workable replacement. Instead, the G.O.P.’s various factions are now haggling over just how many millions of Americans they are willing to harm.
North Korea’s Scary Show of Strength The world has been wondering where President Trump will face his first national security crisis. This week it has looked as if North Korea might be the first hot spot. A series of ballistic missile tests and other provocative actions by North Korea, a nuclear-capable country, have heightened regional anxieties and stirred speculation about America’s reaction. The most recent tests involved the simultaneous launch on Monday of four missiles, which landed off Japan’s coast. The North Koreans have described the tests as drills for striking American bases in Japan, but the ultimate goal is assumed to be a strike on the United States. Some experts expect Pyongyang to have that capability within four years. This use of multiple missiles raised concerns that the North was trying out a new attack strategy that could overwhelm Japan’s limited defenses, analysts said. The tests almost certainly were a reaction to annual United StatesSouth Korea military exercises, which began last week and which the North considers a threat. It is just three weeks since the North crossed another milestone by launching a solid-rocket missile, which is more efficient than the liquidfueled missiles it had previously relied on; there were also tests in August and September. North Korea now possesses the fissile material for perhaps 21 nuclear weapons and is steadily improving its ability to deliver them with missiles. The country also has chemical weapons, which may have been used when the half brother of North Korea’s dictator, Kim Jong-un, was assassinated in Malaysia last month. Malaysia has accused several North Korean citizens of using VX nerve agent to kill him, which seems plausible and underscores the lengths to which Mr. Kim is willing to go to eliminate perceived rivals. Adding to the tension is a decision to install an American-made antimissile system in South Korea. Although the system has been under discussion for some time, the two countries have expedited its deployment, which began on Monday and is expected to take two months. The move angered North Korea and China, the North’s main food and fuel supplier, which said it could lead to a break in relations with South Korea and force an arms race. The Obama administration had long warned China that the United States and South Korea would have no choice but to deploy the antimissile system if China didn’t pressure North Korea to end its nuclear program. Beijing seemed not to take the warning seriously, although it recently restricted imports of North Korean coal. How Mr. Trump intends to handle this brewing crisis is
TO THE EDITOR:
Re “Trump’s New Ban Halts Travelers From 6 Nations” (front page, March 7): The Trump administration does not have a leg to stand on here. It cannot believe that the ban is truly necessary to protect the United States from a terrorist attack; otherwise it would not have delayed the announcement of the revised ban to allow positive press from the address to Congress to sit for a few days. This ban cannot be about public safety either. Study after study shows that the immigrants commit crimes at a lower rate than native-born Americans. To see this order as anything other than a Muslim ban is willful blindness. This is just another tragic example of this astonishing lack of empathy for anyone the administration believes is different. STEVEN RASHIN, NEW YORK TO THE EDITOR:
While there can be reasoned objections to President Trump’s revised executive order excluding six heavily Muslim countries from entry into the United States, the Op-Ed essay by Farhana Khera and Johnathan Smith (“Don’t Be Fooled, Trump’s New Muslim Ban
Is Still Illegal,” nytimes.com, March 6) degenerates into an emotionally charged denunciation of the order as an “all-out assault on Islam and Muslims.” They lose all credibility with that indictment of Mr. Trump. Among the countries not included in the ban are Indonesia, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Malaysia, Egypt, Saudi Arabia and Turkey. All of them are predominantly Muslim states, and Saudi Arabia in particular is an avowedly Islamic theocracy with a very strict brand of Sunni Islam at the core of its official identity. So how, pray, is President Trump’s visa ban an assault on Islam and Muslims as such? VIPAN CHANDRA, ATTLEBORO, MASS. TO THE EDITOR:
Regardless of one’s position on illegal immigration (and regardless of whom you voted for in the election), it must be acknowledged that separating children from their parents is nothing short of terrorizing to the child. IRA MOSES, NEW YORK TO THE EDITOR:
O.K., maybe I’ve seen “Hamilton” one too many times, but it seems to me that when one public figure accuses another of a crime, it is a matter of honor. Why don’t the principals square off for today’s version of a duel? In my fantasy, former President Barack Obama challenges President Trump to meet him on the set of Fox News at noon and demands that Mr. Trump present the factual basis for his allegation that Mr. Obama wiretapped him. Mr. Obama would then have the opportunity to rebut the charge and — one assumes — a spirited discussion would follow. Then the American people can judge for themselves whom to believe.
“Migrants Confront Judgment Day Over Old Deportation Orders” (front page, March 5) provides heart-wrenching anecdotes of immigrants’ lives under threat. I am ashamed that my country is creating such fear and terror among people who, aside from immigrating without proper papers, are law-abiding. This is inhumane! For those Americans whose hearts are somehow numb to the inhumanity of these practices, can we appeal to the fiscal conservative side of their brains? The time and energy spent on immigration and law enforcement tracking down these immigrants could be better used tracking down actual criminals. The diversion of these resources is wasteful and makes all of us less safe. Strike fear and misery in the hearts and souls of millions of harmless people while spending more of our tax dollars on deportations: Is this President Trump’s immigration policy?
PETER PEYSER, NEW YORK
RUTH KATZ, IRVINGTON, N.Y.
A Trump-Obama ‘Duel’ TO THE EDITOR:
Transgender Student Dismayed by Delay in Case TO THE EDITOR:
AJ DUNGO
unclear, but he has shown an inclination to respond aggressively. On Monday, the White House denounced the missile tests and warned of “very dire consequences.” One possibility is intensifying the cyber and electronic warfare effort against North Korea undertaken by the Obama administration and first reported by The Times on Sunday. Other options include some kind of military action, presumably against missile launch sites, and continuing to press China to cut off support. The Trump administration has also discussed reintroducing nuclear weapons into South Korea, an extremely dangerous idea. Granted, negotiating with the North Koreans has long proved frustrating. But the Obama and Bush administrations got nowhere by further isolating the already-reclusive nation. At this point, only a new round of engagement aimed at getting North Korea to freeze its nuclear and missile programs, and tougher sanctions to back that up, holds any reasonable promise of working.
Mr. Erdogan’s Jaw-Dropping Hypocrisy Turkey’s president, Recep Tayyip Erdogan, has gall. He has jailed tens of thousands of people, shuttered more than 150 media companies and called a referendum in April to enlarge his powers. Yet when local authorities in Germany, for security reasons, barred two Turkish ministers from campaigning on his behalf among Turks living in Germany, Mr. Erdogan exploded, accusing Germany of Nazi practices and knowing nothing about democracy. If he himself was barred from speaking in the country, he warned, he’d “set the world on fire.” This is all the more galling knowing that among the scores of journalists jailed in Turkey is a reporter for Die Welt, with German and Turkish citizenship, whom Mr. Erdogan has accused of being a German spy and a “representative” of an outlawed Kurdish rebel group. Some furious German politicians have urged Chancellor Angela Merkel to tell Mr. Erdogan that he is not welcome in Germany. Properly, and wisely, she has not. Appearances by leading Turkish politicians, she said, “remain possible within the laws applicable here.” Permits for demonstrations are handled locally, though, and Ms. Merkel said she has no say in them. Ms. Merkel does have security reasons for her restraint: Germany uses a NATO base in Turkey for reconnaissance aircraft in the fight against the Islamic State, and
The Travel Ban: An Assault on Islam?
Ms. Merkel was the key force behind a European Union deal with Ankara by which Turkey helps stem the flow of refugees into Europe. But more important, Germany does not want to stoop to Mr. Erdogan’s level. Though Germany is arguably among the most lawabiding and tolerant of the European democracies, the Germans must regularly contend with reminders of their Nazi past, especially by countries like Greece, Poland or Hungary that find themselves on the receiving end of European Union admonishment or censure. For the leader of a major nation and NATO ally to hurl such insults, however, especially when Mr. Erdogan himself has done so much to subvert freedom of speech and the rule of law in Turkey, is outrageous. The estimated 1.5 million Turks in Germany eligible to vote in the Turkish referendum are obviously of major interest to Mr. Erdogan. The fact that Germany provides so many Turks with a livelihood argues against Mr. Erdogan’s accusations, while barring his surrogates from campaigning among them, as local authorities did, only gives him fodder. The better response is to continuously remind Mr. Erdogan, his surrogates and his people that the freedoms so many Turks find in Germany are being systematically and shamelessly destroyed in Turkey.
Re “Justices Step Out of the Debate in a Transgender Rights Case” (front page, March 7): The court’s decision to send the case back to the lower court for further consideration probably appears smart to many. But to transgender students like me, those who have been driven from the “normal” bathrooms in our schools and who have waited for months and even years for a legal precedent to be set, this delay is unfathomable. The hearts and spirits of trans kids nationwide are sinking with disappointment. So many school districts, mine included, will do the right thing only if compelled by law. I have tried to make my case with administrators. I pointed out the more accommodating districts that have no problems with trans kids, and I
provided studies about how bathroom discrimination harms trans kids. They told me that they sympathize, but that our town is just “too conservative” to let me use a men’s room. As Gavin Grimm’s court case has unfolded, many of us have had hope. President Obama promised that we would be safe, that the trans children of America would not be treated as second class. President Trump has gone back on that promise, and now the Supreme Court has turned its back on us. For transgender students who are bullied, mocked, abused and punished for being who they are, the option of using the restroom of their choice is empowering and necessary. Now we must wait for who knows how much longer to get that basic human right. DREW ADAMS, PONTE VEDRA, FLA.
‘Mix Things Up’: Art and Life at the Met TO THE EDITOR:
Re “The Met Needs to Connect Art to Life,” by Holland Cotter (Critic’s Notebook, March 2): I couldn’t agree more that the Metropolitan Museum of Art needs to “connect art to life.” Indeed, during Tom Campbell’s tenure as director and chief executive, the Met has long been on track to fulfill Mr. Cotter’s recommendations. Mr. Cotter suggests we “mix things up.” With Mr. Campbell’s encouragement, visitors now regu-
Cutting the I.R.S. Budget TO THE EDITOR:
Re “I.R.S., Already Depleted, Is Facing Deep Cuts Under Trump” (news article, March 3): President Trump has proposed cutting the budgets of certain departments and using those savings to fund additional military and infrastructure spending. He also proposes reducing the budget of the Internal Revenue Service. Whether one hates the I.R.S. or merely tolerates it, we can at least agree that strong I.R.S. enforcement of tax laws yields the Treasury badly needed income to fund the government’s spending. Cutting the budget of the I.R.S. only encourages rampant tax code violations, fraud and underreporting of income, and puts our country on less secure financial footing. PAUL L. NEWMAN MERION STATION, PA.
larly encounter art of different periods and cultures meaningfully juxtaposed throughout the Met. A recent favorite, “Plain or Fancy: Restraint or Exuberance in the Decorative Arts,” challenged viewers to examine their tastes. My own “Ink Art” featured contemporary Chinese artworks in our traditional Chinese galleries. Mr. Cotter’s prescription to “start telling the truth” about art perfectly describes what Mr. Campbell implored the Met’s curatorial team to do, as reflected in exhibitions covering Pergamon, Greece; Diane Arbus; Middle Kingdom, Egypt; Kingdom of Kongo, Africa; and Deccan, India, to name a mere few. And then there is last year’s opening of Met Breuer, reflecting a bold commitment by Mr. Campbell to modern and contemporary art. The Met has the same DNA as New York City; it has always led by rising to challenges. Tom Campbell led the Met with an inspiring vision of what this place could be. We are well on the way to realizing that vision. Everyone who cherishes the arts and the Met is in his debt. MAXWELL K. HEARN, NEW YORK
The writer is chairman of the Asian art department at the Met.
The Times welcomes letters from readers. Letters must include the writer’s name, address and telephone number. Those selected may be edited, and shortened to fit allotted space. Email: letters@nytimes.com
THE NEW YORK TIMES OP-ED WEDNESDAY, MARCH 8, 2017
THOMAS L. FRIEDMAN
They’ve All Put Peanut Butter On Their Chins FOR MANY YEARS the famous Crystal Palace dinner theater in Aspen featured a cabaret song that every audience loved: “The Peanut Butter Affair.” It told the story of a C.E.O. who had gone to work one day, without properly washing his face, and still had a lump of peanut butter on his chin. But none of his employees dared to tell him. When he got home, though, his wife told him it was there and he was appalled. But he was even more appalled when he showed up for work over the next few days and eventually “every jerk from the chairman to the clerk had a lump of peanut butter on his chin.” That spoof of underlings who witlessly mimic their bosses came to mind as I listened to Trump aides and allies justifying the president’s Saturday morning Twitter rant alleging — without any evidence — that President Barack Obama ordered Trump Tower phones be tapped during the 2016 campaign. It seemed like the whole Trump team was putting peanut butter on their chins. The only question was who had the biggest lump. My vote goes to deputy press secretary Sarah Huckabee Sanders, who told ABC’s “This Week” that President Trump “is going off of information that he’s seen that has led him to believe that this is a very real potential.” Unspecified information that he’s seen? U.F.O.s that he’s seen? How is that a standard for accusing his predecessor of a vile crime? Give that woman a four-year supply of Peter Pan. But Sanders is just a flack. More troubling was watching an honorable soldier, Homeland Security Secretary John Kelly, dab on some Skippy and defend Trump’s claim on CNN, saying that “the president must have his reasons.” Then why doesn’t the secretary of homeland security know them and why doesn’t the president share them? And, by the way, why are you on television with peanut butter on your chin, saying the President has reasons but not saying what they are? That’s how a morally bankrupt president soils everyone around him, even such a good man. Trump ran for office promising to protect Americans from terrorists, immigrants and free trade agreements. But who will protect us from him? If our president is willing to casually throw under a bus our most elemental principles of presidential conduct — such as, you don’t accuse your predecessor of a high crime
The president’s apologists are embarrassing. without evidence, just to divert attention away from your latest mess — we have a real problem. We have so many big, hard things we need to do, but big hard things can only be done together. And that takes a leader who can bring us together to do things worthy of our energies and dedication — like proper health care reform, immigration reform, tax reform and infrastructure investment, or properly working with China and Russia where we can and drawing red lines where we must. But it also requires trust in the integrity of that leader — that when things get tough, the leader won’t bail and shoot his aides and followers in the back. There is not a G.O.P. congressman or U.S. ally abroad who today is not asking: Can I trust this guy when the going gets tough, or will Trump lay a fact-free Twitter rant on me? Can I even trust sharing information with him? Government moves “at the speed of trust,” observes Stephen M. R. Covey in his book “The Speed of Trust.” “There is one thing that is common to every individual, relationship, team, family, organization, nation, economy, and civilization throughout the world — one thing which, if removed, will destroy the most powerful government, the most successful business, the most thriving economy, the most influential leadership, the greatest friendship, the strongest character, the deepest love. . . . That one thing is trust.” Despite a bizarre number of meetings with Russians, no proof has surfaced that Trump’s team colluded with Russia. What our top three intelligence services have declared, though, is that Russia did hack our election on Trump’s behalf. And as more of our lives move to cyberspace, understanding exactly how that was done, how it is probably being done in European elections right now and how to deter this new weapon from undermining the West, which is Russia’s goal, is a vital security issue. Without an electoral process we can trust, we’re sunk. Sadly, most of the Republican Party today is morally AWOL, preferring to sweep the Russian hacking under the carpet rather than have a credible, independent investigation. That will lead people to question any collaboration Trump tries with Moscow. Moreover, one day soon something will happen — in North Korea, the South China Sea, Ukraine, Iran — that will require him to make a judgment call. Trump will have to look the American people in the eye and say: “Trust me — I decided this based on the best information and advice of the intelligence community.” Or, “Trust me, we needed to work with Russia on this.” And who will believe him? There is nothing more dangerous than a U.S. president who’s squandered his trust before he has to lead us through a crisis. But that’s what happens when he’s surrounded by people ready to slather peanut butter on their chins. It greases the decline of companies and countries. Or as the “Peanut Butter” song warns, “Strange to think what a guy can do just because everybody thinks he’s right.” 0
A Republican Plan to Ration Care Ezekiel J. Emanuel, Aaron Glickman and Emily Gudbranson
I
T looks as if Republicans want to bring back health care rationing. In 2010, Mark Price, a 37-year-old resident of Goodyear, Ariz., was struggling to pay the bills for his leukemia treatment. His house was under foreclosure. He had insurance through Medicaid, and yet he died after the state said it would not pay for a potentially lifesaving bone marrow transplant. Facing a $2.6 billion budget deficit, Gov. Jan Brewer and Arizona Republicans had opted to ration care, eliminating state payments for bone marrow, liver, heart, lung and other transplants. Simultaneously, the state changed eligibility rules to cut health care for 47,000 low-income children and 310,000 low-income adults. Arizona was not the only state that cut lifesaving health care benefits during the Great Recession. In 2010, Indiana’s Medicaid program denied an infant with a deadly rare disease a tissue transplant, reversing course only after local media coverage led to public outrage. If the Republicans replace the Affordable Care Act with the plan released on Monday, we should expect more stories like those. First, the Medicaid rolls will shrink. The Affordable Care Act extended Medicaid to all Americans earning under 138 percent of the federal poverty line — $16,643 for a single person and $33,948 for a family of four in 2017. Under the Republican plan, enrollment in the
States will be forced to decide between saving lives and caring for the elderly. Medicaid expansion will freeze starting in 2020. The 11 million Americans who already gained coverage can, in theory, keep it — but only if they never let their enrollment lapse or their incomes rise. Then Republicans want to go further, by changing how all of Medicaid is funded: They would replace federal Medicaid payments, which guarantee coverage to anyone who qualifies, with so-called per-person allotments, or per-capita caps. These give states a fixed amount of money for each person on Medicaid, adjusted based on whether the person is blind, disabled, a child, an adult or elderly. The states then decide how to budget the money. The problem is that the amount given to the states will not keep up with projected health care costs. Changes in the allotment will be tied to changes in the medical part of the Consumer Price Index, which, for various reasons, is unlikely to increase as quickly as the cost of health care. This shortfall in federal funding will force more states to make the kinds of rationing choices Arizona and Indiana made. A second hidden kicker is that the grants will not increase in response to changing needs. Currently, federal funding is tied to actual Medicaid costs. So if a state has a natural disaster or an epidemic that unexpectedly increases spending, federal funding automatically increases, too. But the Republicans’ allotments will not respond to real-world changes. Again, this will force states to make more difficult choices — cutting lifesaving treatments or nursing home care for the elderly or support for disabled children.
The Republicans say they want to give states more flexibility. But that flexibility most likely means they could use the money for non-health-care programs, or to close state budget gaps. When given budgetary flexibility with large sums of money, this is a common state tactic. In 1998, as part of a major settlement with tobacco companies, in which the companies agreed to pay Medicaid costs related to lung cancer, emphysema and other smoking-related illnesses, states got a windfall of a minimum of $206 billion over 25 years. What did they do with the money? A 2001 Government Accountability Office report found that 26 percent was being spent on non-health programs, including infrastructure and budget shortfalls. A mere 7 percent was spent on programs related to getting people to stop smoking. State flexibility has led to other coldhearted decisions. Before the Affordable Care Act, Medicaid was a categorical program, meaning that Americans were eligible only if they were low-income and had another qualifying condition, such as being a child or pregnant or disabled. States could determine those eligibility requirements. And financial pressures made many pretty callous. In many states, nondisabled working adults were denied any Medicaid benefits. In Wyoming, a working family of three with an income over $9,480 was not eligible for Medicaid. In Alabama, that family had to make just $4,392 — 24 percent of the poverty line — to be denied coverage. These people were not lazy or, in Mitt Romney’s words, “takers.” About 67 percent of uninsured Americans were in families with at least one full-time worker, and more than 10 percent worked two jobs. The uninsured just happened to work for companies that did not or could not provide health insurance. State flexibility is a ruse. Per-person allotments are an elaborate costshifting mechanism — a fancy way to reduce federal funding and transfer financial responsibility for the health care of low-income Americans to states. A 2014 assessment by the Center on Budget and Policy Priorities of Representative Paul Ryan’s plan, which contained elements similar to those in the current proposal, estimated that this accounting trick would increase Medicaid costs for state budgets by $169 billion by 2026. So, under the banner of flexibility, the current Republican plan would force states to make a series of Hobson’s choices. This would be even worse than going back to the days before the Affordable Care Act. It would force states to ration care and deny some Americans lifesaving treatments or nursing home care. Cruel only begins to describe the Republican plan. 0 an oncologist and a vice provost at the University of Pennsylvania, advised the Obama administration on the Affordable Care Act. AARON GLICKMAN and EMILY GUDBRANSON are his senior research fellows.
EZEKIEL J. EMANUEL,
ANDREW HOLDER
Don’t Roll Back Vehicle Fuel Standards Jody Freeman
O
NE of the signal achievements of the Obama administration was reaching an agreement with the auto industry to dramatically increase fuel efficiency standards for vehicles, doubling them to 54.5 miles per gallon by 2025. The industry now wants to renege. At its behest, the Trump administration is expected to initiate a rollback. Weakening these standards would be a mistake for consumers, the environment and the auto industry itself. They are the most important action the United States has taken to address climate change and reduce the nation’s dependence on oil. From 2022-25 alone, they are projected to reduce American oil consumption by 1.2 billion barrels, cut half a billion metric tons of carbon pollution and save consumers millions of dollars in fuel costs, according to the Environmental Protection Agency. The net benefits to society are estimated at $100 billion. And these gains are on top of those achieved through 2016 and expected through 2021. The standards also provide badly needed uniformity and predictability for the auto industry. When we adopted our strategy, car companies were facing the prospect of three different and conflicting sets of standards. The National Highway Traffic Safety Administration had traditionally set fuel economy standards. But in 2007, the Supreme Court held that the E.P.A. could regulate greenhouse gas pollution from vehicles under the federal Clean Air Act, adding another regulator to the mix. Complicating matters, the Clean Air Act allowed California to set its own more stringent air pollution standards after it received a waiver to do so from the E.P.A. Thirteen states and the District of ColumCORRECTION
An Op-Ed article on Tuesday about the role of the E.P.A. misstated when the writer resumed leading the agency. It was 28 months into President Ronald Reagan’s term, not 18 months.
bia, representing 40 percent of the national car market, copied California’s rules. We ended up with multiple regulators with different approaches. To fix this regulatory mess, we proposed a single national standard set jointly by the two federal agencies, which California agreed to support. To ease any burden on the auto companies, we would phase the standards in and provide plenty of compliance flexibility. I led the White House negotiations with the industry in 2009 that resulted in this historic agreement. We worked with the companies to set standards for each type of vehicle they planned to make, according to its size and attributes. Consumer choice would not be restricted. Our only demand was that all new cars and trucks had to steadily improve fuel efficiency for every type of vehicle over time. Nothing revolutionary was required. The companies can meet their targets by
This would be bad for consumers, the planet and the auto industry. adopting technologies already available or well within reach, like advanced transmissions and turbocharging, or by improving vehicle aerodynamics. The standards don’t require a dramatic shift to electric vehicles but depend overwhelmingly on improvements to traditional internal combustion engines. In exchange for this clarity, the auto companies signed formal commitment letters agreeing not to challenge the standards. Indeed, industry lawyers helped the government to successfully defend them in court. The Obama administration used the same template to set standards for medium and heavy-duty trucks, again with industry support. Other countries, like Canada, copied our approach, creating a consistent North American strategy. Unraveling the agreement now will undo this alliance, plunging the companies back into regulatory chaos, with all
its uncertainty, acrimony and cost. And if the Trump administration tries to significantly weaken the rules, California will withdraw its consent and enforce its own higher standards using its waiver, which is valid to 2025. Should the E.P.A. try to revoke the waiver prematurely, California will, without question, sue. Even if the companies want to take that risk, a rollback is not warranted by the facts. Market conditions now favor tighter standards, even though automakers say the 2025 target is expensive and unrealistic for them to meet as consumers shift away from smaller vehicles to bigger, less fuel-efficient pickups and S.U.V.s. In reality, the standards for larger vehicles are markedly less stringent than for smaller cars, so the industry gets the benefit of a sliding scale. Manufacturers stoke the demand for larger vehicles by aggressively marketing them to reap bigger profits. Still, even the biggest trucks and S.U.V.s can become more efficient using off-the-shelf technologies. There is a real downside to selling a greater share of larger vehicles, however: The auto fleet produces less efficiency overall. With S.U.V.s flying off the lots, the original target of 54.5 miles per gallon by 2025 already has dropped to 51.4 m.p.g. in the E.P.A.’s recent estimates. This will result in extra fuel costs and more pollution. If anything, we should be strengthening standards when gas prices are low, to prevent slippage in fuel efficiency actually achieved. But the Obama administration never suggested doing that, instead honoring the deal it had struck. Above all, we believed that cost-effective technologies were available to improve vehicle efficiency at a reasonable cost to consumers and that the domestic auto industry, stagnant in 2009, would benefit from being prodded to innovate. As it has turned out, the industry is now thriving, with record sales. And it has easily exceeded the fuel efficiency standards every year since 2012. There is no reason to think it cannot continue to do so. 0 JODY FREEMAN, a professor at Harvard Law School, was President Barack Obama’s counselor for energy and climate change in 2009-10.
N
A23
FRANK BRUNI
Carson’s Gray Matter in my head. In my hippocampus, to be exact. According to Carson, the human brain stores a perfect, indelible record of everything that it has seen, heard and done, and if he just drilled a hole through my skull and planted electrodes in the right region, bingo! I’d have access to the whole wondrous trove. Drill, baby, drill. I need the access. As things stand now, I lose 45 minutes every week to the retrieval of forgotten passwords, and I recently got three-quarters of the way through a mystery before realizing that I knew whodunit, how he dun it and why he dun it. I’d already read the book. Carson, our brand-new housing secretary, made an introductory, supposedly inspirational speech to federal employees this week, and while this kind of thing normally doesn’t wind up in the news, there’s nothing normal about Carson. During the speech, he went on the tangent about the brain that I just described, and while, granted, he’s a renowned neurosurgeon and I’m an expert on little more than semicolons, I do question his assertion that with proper cerebral stimulation, someone can “recite back to you verbatim a book they read 60 years ago.” Maybe “Green Eggs and Ham.” But “The Mill on the Floss”? Several of Carson’s fellow brain experts scoffed at this claim, though there was much louder scoffing at a subsequent stretch of his remarks that described America as a magnet for dreamers who arrived with “all of their earthly belongings in their two hands, not knowing what this country held for them.” He continued: “There were other immigrants who came here in the bottom of slave ships, worked even longer, even harder, for less. But they too had a dream that one day their sons, daughters, grandsons, granddaughters, great-grandsons, great-granddaughters, might pursue prosperity and happiness in this land.” Sometimes Twitter goes berserk because it’s Twitter, other times because it should. “Their dream?” tweeted the movie director Ava DuVernay. “Not be kidnapped, tortured, raped.” I was transfixed by “even longer, even harder, for less.” Not to be a stickler, but that doesn’t quite cover the distance between the sweatshop and the plantation. On ABC’s talk show “The View,” Whoopi Goldberg recalled previous odd statements by Carson, noting that “the man who thought the pyramids were built for grain silos” and who “called the Big Bang theory ridiculous” was back with “a brand-new epic.” “Were the slaves really thinking about the American dream?” she asked. “No, because they were thinking, ‘What the hell just happened?’ ” It’s a thought I myself have had after listening to Carson. Carson is the only African-American in Trump’s cabinet, and he’s a great lesson — for the left as well as the right — that sensitivity is a function of sensibility, not merely of complexion or membership in a given identity group. A black person can bumble into racially hurtful comments. A female executive can turn a blind eye to sexism in the ranks below her. A gay person can ignore or indulge homophobia. Diversity increases the odds that an organization sees the world more acutely, accurately and empathetically. But it’s not the end of the effort, and it’s no guarantee. Carson rose from hardship to acclaim and riches. He performed awe-inspiring
I NEED BEN CARSON
The good doctor’s precision with words isn’t exactly surgical. surgeries. He also suggested that prison causes homosexuality, which he separately likened to bestiality, and that Planned Parenthood aimed, through abortions, to limit the black population. He compared Obamacare to slavery. He’s a riveting jumble and an important reminder that brilliance and competence along one axis hardly ensures brilliance or even coherence along another. Although we like to tag people as geniuses or fools — it’s a stark, easy taxonomy — they’re more complicated and compartmentalized than that. Carson is enraptured by what people can be made to remember. I’m fascinated by what they choose to forget. Just before Trump nominated Carson to be housing secretary, one of Carson’s principal campaign advisers said that the good doctor knew far too little about the federal government to work in it. Trump decided to pay that no heed. During the campaign, Trump said that incidents of aggression in Carson’s youth revealed a “pathological temper” and lumped him together with pedophiles, explaining: “You don’t cure a child molester. There’s no cure for it. Pathological — there’s no cure for that.” But Carson shrugged that off when Trump came around with a glitzy job offer. It was all water under the hippocampus. In his speech on Monday, Carson said, “There is nothing in this universe that even begins to compare with the human brain and what it is capable of.” He got that much right, and how. 0
A24
N
THE NEW YORK TIMES, WEDNESDAY, MARCH 8, 2017
A $2 Trillion Question
Square Feet
SportsWednesday Pages 10-14
What’s Aramco Worth?
Shopping Slump
From Spiritual to Anthem
Investors are pushing the Saudi state oil company for more clarity before its planned I.P.O. 5
As stores struggle, the hot trend in Manhattan’s retail meccas seems to be for-rent signs. 8
A song that evokes American slavery has morphed into an English rugby chant. 10
N
B1
WEDNESDAY, MARCH 8, 2017
• •
TheUpshot
Caterpillar Is Accused In a Report Of Fraud By JESSE DRUCKER
For years, federal investigators have been scrutinizing Caterpillar’s overseas tax affairs with no resolution to the examinations of the complex maneuvers involving billions of dollars and one of the company’s Swiss subsidiaries. Now, a report commissioned by the government and reviewed by The New York Times accuses the heavy-equipment maker of carrying out tax and accounting fraud. It is extremely rare to accuse a big multinational company of tax fraud, which could result in high penalties. “Caterpillar did not comply with either U.S. tax law or U.S. financial reporting rules,” wrote Leslie A. Robinson, an accounting professor at the Tuck School of Business at Dartmouth College and the author of the report. “I believe that the company’s noncompliance with these rules was delib-
Methods that allowed the company to cut its tax bill by $2.4 billion.
HIROKO MASUIKE/THE NEW YORK TIMES
A Cure for Traffic Jams An old idea (congestion pricing) could be ready for prime time (rush hour) with self-driving cars. By CONOR DOUGHERTY
It’s easy to get giddy about self-driving cars. Older people and preteens will become more independent and mobile. The scourge of drunken driving will disappear. People will be able to safely play video games while on the freeway to work. But there is one problem autonomous driving is unlikely to solve: the columns of
rush-hour gridlock that clog city streets and freeways. If decades of urban planning and economic research are any guide, the solution is unlikely to come from technology but from something similar to Uber’s surge pricing: charging people more to use driverless cars at rush hour. Not that technology companies aren’t
trying to find other solutions to congestion. Traffic is one of the few problems that fabulously wealthy people can’t buy their way out of. This helps explain why Elon Musk, the founder of Tesla and SpaceX, wants to bore subterranean freeways under Los Angeles and build a hyperloop train half the length of California. Or why Larry Page, Google’s co-founder, is interested in flying cars. This is in addition to other, less revolutionary efforts, from companies like Sidewalk Labs, which is owned by Google’s parent company and which aims to ease Continued on Page 2
A Budget Reflecting Resentments You could almost hear the gasps from both sides of the ideological divide when President Trump unveiled the outline of his first budget late last month, proposing to slice $54 billion from the discretionary civilian budget next year to pay for a beefedup defense. That part of the budget pays ECONOMIC for pretty much everything the SCENE government does other than the military, pensions and health insurance for older people. And it has been slashed repeatedly already. It adds up to only some $500 billion, hardly the best place to balance a $4 trillion federal budget. After Mr. Trump’s proposed cuts it would be 25 percent smaller than it was in 2010, adjusted for inflation. Even Republicans in Congress, no friends of government spending, argued that the math made little sense. While they share Mr. Trump’s twin goals of balancing the budget and slashing taxes, they would prefer to square the circle by cutContinued on Page 6
Car-clogged Midtown Manhattan. Self-driving vehicles may well make traffic safer, but they probably won’t make it lighter.
erate and primarily with the intention of maintaining a higher share price. These actions were fraudulent rather than negligent.” No charges have been filed, and it is not clear whether investigators agree with the findings or intend to act on them. The report, which has not been made public or made available to Caterpillar, outlines a company strategy for bringing home billions of dollars from offshore affiliates while avoiding federal income taxes on those earnings. Corrie Heck Scott, a Caterpillar spokeswoman, pointed out that the company had not been provided with a copy of the report and declined to comment further. The company, which makes heavy construction and mining equipment, has defended its tax strategies in previous years by calling the arrangements prudent and lawful among large United States companies. Caterpillar’s strategies for reducing the taxes it must pay in the United States have saved the company billions of dollars. Last week, federal agents raided three Caterpillar buildings near its headquarters in Peoria, Ill., as part of the investigation. Caterpillar said it was cooperating with law enforcement. The company’s tax practices Continued on Page 3
Suits Over Lending Bias May Wane Under Trump By VICTORIA FINKLE
EDUARDO PORTER
BRYAN DENTON FOR THE NEW YORK TIMES
Aboard the U.S.S. Chancellorsville. President Trump’s proposed budget would increase military spending by $54 billion while cutting elsewhere.
WASHINGTON — A week before President Obama left office, the Justice Department sued a Minnesota community bank, saying it failed to offer enough loans to people in minority neighborhoods in the Twin Cities area. It is the latest in a wave of related cases in recent years, but bankers and consumer watchdogs say that could soon slow to a trickle — at least for the foreseeable future. The new administration’s deregulatory fervor has stirred expectations for a pullback in the enforcement of laws aimed at preventing discrimination in lending, a shift that has banks hopeful and consumer advocates on guard. Justice officials filed the lawsuit on Jan. 13 against KleinBank, which has $1.9 billion in assets, for an illegal practice known as redlining. The department argued that the bank, based in Chaska, Minn., did not provide residents of the nearby cities Minneapolis
and St. Paul “an equal opportunity to apply for and obtain residential real-estate-related loans, on account of the racial and ethnic composition of those neighborhoods” from 2010 to at least 2015, according to the complaint. Doug Hile, KleinBank’s president and chief executive, has repeatedly denied any wrongdoing by the bank. The 110-year-old family-owned institution has historically focused its lending in agricultural, rural and suburban markets west of the Twin Cities. “I never in my wildest dreams thought that there would be any inclination that this organization should be serving the cities of Minneapolis and St. Paul,” Mr. Hile said in an interview. Bankers have been frustrated by what they perceive as overzealous enforcement of fair lending rules over the last few years, while at the same time consumer watchdogs and regulators have raised serious concerns about biContinued on Page 4
B2
THE NEW YORK TIMES BUSINESS WEDNESDAY, MARCH 8, 2017
N
Confronting Its Struggles, Uber’s Chief Seeks a No. 2 By KATIE BENNER
BLUE ORIGIN, VIA AGENCE FRANCE-PRESSE — GETTY IMAGES
A Blue Origin rocket during a test last April near Van Horn, Tex. The company, which the Amazon chief Jeff Bezos began as a hobby, is now seeking to turn a profit.
Blue Origin, Bezos’ Moon Shot, Gets First Paying Customer By CECILIA KANG
WASHINGTON — Jeff Bezos, the billionaire chief executive of Amazon, founded a rocket company as a hobby 16 years ago. Now that company, Blue Origin, finally has its first paying customer as it ramps up to become a full-fledged business. Mr. Bezos announced that customer, the satellite television provider Eutelsat, on Tuesday. In about five years, Eutelsat, which is based in Paris, will strap one of its satellites to a new Blue Origin rocket to be delivered to space, a process it has done dozens of times with other space partners. For Blue Origin, the relationship represents its evolution from an engineering-obsessed company into one that also seeks to make a profit eventually. That goal may be a moon shot, with high risks, high costs and no guarantee that enough customers need transportation beyond Earth. Blue Origin, based in Kent, Wash., has launched only its New Shepard rocket to the edge of space, 62 miles up, before returning to Earth. The commercial partnership brings Blue Origin closer in line with SpaceX, created by Elon Musk, which has been launching satellites and taking NASA cargo to the International Space Station for several years. Last week, SpaceX announced that two space tourists would pay to fly on a weeklong trip around the moon. Kenneth Chang contributed reporting from New York.
The companies are part of a private sector space boom that has restored the United States’ position in aerospace technology and exploration. Boeing, Lockheed Martin and other international commercial space companies are also competing with the tech entrepreneurs for business and government customers. Mr. Bezos, true to his approach in business ventures, is looking far into the future. “The long-term vision is millions of people living and working in space,” he said Tuesday during a speech at the Satellite 2017 conference in Washington. To make that happen, Blue Origin must take several intermediate steps, he said. It also needs to lower costs for launches by reusing rockets and other equipment, he added. We “need to get to a place ultimately where it is much more like commercial airlines,” Mr. Bezos said. New applications for satellites, including broadband internet, mapping and other services, have fueled more demand. Analysts said private rocket companies would fill a need to get those satellites into orbit in coming years. Blue Origin’s deal with Eutelsat is a “definite statement to the industry that Blue Origin will be a viable commercial launch vehicle,” said Carissa Bryce Christensen, the chief executive of Bryce Space and Technology, a consulting firm. The large crowd to hear Mr. Be-
zos speak at the Walter E. Washington Convention Center on Tuesday illustrated renewed enthusiasm about the commercial space industry. Space has long been a pursuit of wealthy investors, and Mr. Bezos and Mr. Musk have captured the most public attention in recent years for their audacious visions. SpaceX is focused on reaching and inhabiting Mars. Blue Origin may be building a fleet of rockets to make deliveries to the moon and beyond. Mr. Bezos “is investing because he wants to transform people’s lives with space capabilities, but the expectation has always been that this will be a successful business,” Ms. Christensen said. Those ambitions have many
doubters who do not see how expensive rocket projects can become profitable. Even with a surge in satellite technologies and perhaps a growing space tourism industry, demand may not be sufficient to cover rocket companies’ great costs for research, development and launches. “You wouldn’t get anything done without getting the dreamers out there, but how do you translate those dreams into a profitable business?” said Henry Hertzfeld, a research professor at the Space Policy Institute at George Washington University. “That’s very tricky.” Blue Origin, which has more than 1,000 employees, has improved its technology to carry bigger payloads. A few months ago,
JOSHUA ROBERTS/REUTERS
Jeffrey Hill, left, of Access Intelligence, Mr. Bezos of Blue Origin and Rodolphe Belmer of Eutelsat at Satellite 2017 on Tuesday.
the company began to court customers, and Eutelsat emerged as an ideal partner because it had experience working with firsttime launch vehicles, Mr. Bezos said. Blue Origin’s New Glenn rocket, named after the astronaut John Glenn, will be manufactured and launched at Kennedy Space Center in Florida. It is expected to be completed in 2020 and will be used to carry one of Eutelsat’s geostationary satellites. No financial details of the partnership with Eutelsat were disclosed. In a video, Mr. Bezos revealed details about the rocket’s BE-4 engine and showed how it could carry 50 tons of payload and land on a moving sea barge. “Their solid engineering approach, and their policy to develop technologies that will form the base of a broad generation of launchers, corresponds to what we expect from our industrial partners,” Rodolphe Belmer, Eutelsat’s chief executive, said in a statement. Mr. Bezos said he was approaching his space project with an abundance of patience. “I like to do things incrementally,” he said, noting that Blue Origin’s mascot is a tortoise. With such high costs and risks with each rocket launch, it is important not to skip steps, he said. “Slow is smooth, and smooth is fast,” said Mr. Bezos, who also owns The Washington Post and a clock that will keep time for 10,000 years. “I’ve seen this in every endeavor I’ve been in.”
SAN FRANCISCO — Travis Kalanick, chief executive of Uber, is seeking a No. 2 executive to lend him a hand after a bumpy start to his year. Mr. Kalanick issued a one-sentence statement on Tuesday saying, “We’re actively looking for a Chief Operating Officer: a peer who can partner with me to write the next chapter in our journey.” An Uber spokesman declined to comment beyond the statement. Mr. Kalanick’s search for a chief operating officer follows several blows to Uber this year that have raised questions about the ridehailing company’s workplace culture and business tactics. Some of the concerns have extended to Mr. Kalanick’s character, and Tuesday’s announcement shows how he intends to restructure the executive suite to get more help, while continuing to lead the company. Mr. Kalanick said last week that he needed to change as a leader “and grow up,” adding that “I need leadership help, and I intend to get it.” He spoke as part of an apology for berating an Uber driver in February, an incident that was captured on video and made public. Beyond the video, Uber has been reeling from allegations from former employees about a discriminatory and brutal culture; a lawsuit from Waymo, a self-driving vehicle rival, that claims an Uber executive stole intellectual property from it; and a social media-driven campaign to delete the Uber app. On Friday, The New York Times reported that Uber has for years used a secret tool called Greyball to identify and circumvent authorities who were trying to clamp down on the ride-hailing service. Mr. Kalanick, a founder of Uber, has long set its tone. He has taken a pugilistic style toward pushing Uber’s services into cities and towns worldwide, often flouting laws and regulations, and has spoken publicly about how his company helped him attract women. Filling an executive position at this level will not be easy. “Generally speaking, talent is very tight, and the pool of available executives within the technology industry is small,” said Richard Marshall, a partner with the executive search firm Korn Ferry. “And for fast-growing, founder-led companies, it’s hard to find someone with the skills needed who is a cultural fit.” Many Silicon Valley companies have placed experienced executives alongside young founders to help them steer fast-growing start-ups. Eric Schmidt, now chairman of Alphabet, was once known as the adult supervision for Google’s young founders, Larry Page and Sergey Brin. At Facebook, the social network, Mark Zuckerberg, the chief executive, brought in Sheryl Sandberg, a respected tech executive who is now the company’s chief operating officer.
With Autonomous Cars, Congestion Pricing May Be Ready for Prime Drive Time From First Business Page congestion by helping cities make better use of data. And of course there is the self-driving car, which, in addition to making roads safer, is supposed to help manage freeways by smoothing human flaws — like a tendency to engage in antsy braking and sudden lane changes — that make traffic worse. These various technologies share a common theme. One way AMENDED NOTICE OF PUBLIC SALE NOTICE IS HEREBY GIVEN that on April 7, 2017 (continued from March 7, 2017), at 10:00 a.m. in the offices of Vedder Price P.C., 222 N. LaSalle, Chicago, Illinois, Bank of America, N.A. (“Seller”), pursuant to: (i) a Trust Agreement dated as of December 27, 2011 (as amended, modified, supplemented, renewed, extended and/or restated from time to time, the “Trust Agreement”), by and between Wells Fargo Bank Northwest, National Association, not in its individual capacity but solely as Owner Trustee (“Lessee”) and Ellira Corporation (“Ellira”); (ii) an Aircraft Lease (S/N 9043) dated as of December 27, 2011 (as amended, modified, supplemented, renewed, extended and/or restated from time to time, the “Lease”), by and between Lessor and Lessee and (iii) an Aircraft Operating Sublease (S/N 9043) dated as of December 27, 2011 (as amended, modified, supplemented, renewed, extended and/or restated from time to time, the “Sublease” and, together with the Trust Agreement, the Lease and all other documents executed in connection therewith are hereinafter referred to as the “Lease Documents”), by and between Lessee and Paulicopter - CIA. Paulista de Helicóptero LTDA. – Táxi Aéreo (“Sublessee”), will hold a public auction to offer for sale all estate, right, title and interest of Seller, Lessee, Ellira and Sublessee, in and to certain assets, consisting of the following: ASSETS: one (1) Bombardier model BD-700-1A10 Aircraft bearing Manufacturer’s Serial Number 9043, along with two (2) related Rolls Royce Model BR700 – 710A2-20 engines bearing Manufacturer’s Serial Numbers 12185 and 12190, one (1) Allied Signal RE-220 (GX) auxiliary power unit bearing Manufacturer’s Serial Number P-144, along with all related equipment, parts, accessories, logs, records and other materials in respect of the aircraft and related equipment (collectively, the“Aircraft”). Terms and Conditions of Sale. 1. The Aircraft shall be sold in a single lot, as determined in the sole discretion of Seller, on an“AS IS,WHERE IS” basis, with all faults, and without recourse to Seller, and Seller makes no representations or warranties, express or implied, as to the value, condition, merchantability or fitness for use of the Aircraft or any other representation or warranty with respect to the Aircraft whatsoever. 2. The Aircraft will be sold at public auction to the bidder with the highest or otherwise best bid (as determined by Seller), for cash and on other such commercially reasonable terms as Seller may determine in accordance with Seller’s bid procedures (the “Bid Procedures”), a copy of which is available upon request from Seller’s counsel listed below. 3. Seller reserves the right, on or prior to the date of auction, to modify, waive or amend any terms or conditions of the auction or any sale or impose any other terms or conditions on the auction or any sale and, if Seller deems appropriate, to reject any bids and/or to adjourn, delay or terminate the auction or any sale. 4. For a copy of Seller’s Bid Procedures, the above-referenced documents or additional information regarding the terms of the sale or the Aircraft, or inquiries regarding legal issues, please contact Seller’s counsel, Vedder Price P.C., Attn.: Douglas J. Lipke, Esq. (Tel.: 312-609-7646) or William Thorsness, Esq. (Tel.: 312-609-7595), 222 N. LaSalle, Chicago, Illinois 60601, e-mail: dlipke@vedderprice.com or wthorsness@vedderprice.com. To discuss a potential inspection of the Aircraft, please contact Seller’s representative, John Prock (Tel.: 952-8524366), 601 Carlson Pkwy, Suite 1150, Minnetonka, MN 55305 or e-mail: john.prock@baml.com. ALL BIDDERS AND OTHERS REQUESTING CONFIDENTIAL INFORMATION RELATING TO THE AIRCRAFT WILL BE REQUIRED TO SIGN A CONFIDENTIALITY AGREEMENT. NO INFORMATION PROVIDED IN RESPONSE TO SUCH REQUEST SHALL CONSTITUTEAREPRESENTATIONORWARRANTY.
or another, they promise to expand the nation’s roads — literally, in the case of Mr. Musk’s tunnels, figuratively, in the case of flying cars, and efficiently, in the case of self-driving ones. While it is possible that one or all of these technologies will increase road capacity to the point at which no amount of traffic will fill them, history gives us reasons to be skeptical. Decades’ worth of studies show that whenever cities add roads, new drivers simply fill them up. This isn’t because of new development or population growth — although that’s part of the story — but because of a vicious cycle in which new roads bring new demand that no
BANKRUPTCY, ESTATE & LIQUIDATION
AUCTIONS MARCH 15 - 22 • NY, NJ & PA th
MARCH 15TH
nd
Bankruptcy Court, 900 Market St, Philadelphia, PA
amount of further roads can satisfy. This has been studied at rush hour, studied on individual freeway projects and studied with large data sets that encompass nearly every road in the United States. With remarkable consistency, the research finds the same thing: Whenever a road is built or an older road is widened, more people decide to drive more. Build more or widen further, and even more people decide to drive. Repeat to infinity. Economists call this latent demand, which is a fancy way of saying there are always more people who want to drive somewhere than there is space for them to do it. So far anyway, nothing cities have done to increase capacity has ever sped things up. The extent of this failure was chronicled in a 2011 paper called “The Fundamental Law of Road Congestion,” by the economists
Gilles Duranton, from the Wharton School of the University of Pennsylvania, and Matthew Turner, from Brown University. The two went beyond road building to show that increases in public transit and changes in land use — basically, building apartments next to office buildings so that more people can walk or bike to work — also fail to cut traffic (or do so only a little). This doesn’t mean public transit and land planning are bad ideas, or that widening freeways is a bad idea. When roads are bigger, more people can get around. More people see family; more packages are delivered; more babies are lulled to sleep. It just means that none of those measures have done much to reduce commute times, and self-driving cars seem unlikely to either. That’s where charging people during busy times comes in.
USBC EDPA • Re: Helen Antonelli • Case #16-14945-SR • Gary F. Seitz, Chapter 7 Trustee
#1) NORRISTOWN, PA: 18,000 SQ FT SHOPPING CENTER 320 East Johnson Hway • $157K Income at 54% Occupancy MARCH 16TH Maltz Auction Gallery, Central Islip, NY USBC EDNY • Re: Bienvenida A. Javier, et al. • Case # 16-73787-AST • Allan B. Mendelsohn, Chapter 7 Trustee
#2)
CALVERTON, NY: 22+ ACRES
34 Eastmeadow Rd • $125k Opening Bid
Re: The Estate of Sidney D. Howard • Jeffrey E. DeLuca, Nassau County Public Administrator
#3)
ROOSEVELT, NY: 3 BR HOME
242 E Greenwich Ave • $95k Opening Bid
USBC EDNY • Re: Santino P. Tomaino • Case # 15-70874-LAS • Robert L. Pryor, Chapter 7 Trustee
#4) BOHEMIA, NY: PERFORMING LOAN Secured By 1115 Smithtown Ave • $135k Opening Bid MARCH 22ND LaGuardia Marriott Hotel, East Elmhurst, NY
INVESTMENT PROPERTIES (600)
USBC SDNY • Re: Thomas Delaney • Case # 16-23112 (RDD) • Mark S. Tulis, Esq., Chapter 7 Trustee
#5)
LONG BEACH ISLAND, NJ: WATERVIEW HOME
Offices−Manhattan
105
5623 Holly Ave, Harvey Cedars • 4 Br & 2 BA
USBC EDNY • Re: 10 Division Street LLC • Case No. 12-71840 (AST) • R. Kenneth Barnard, Chapter 7 Trustee
#6)
FARMINGDALE, NY: 1,700+ SQ FT BUILDING
#7)
BRONX, NY: 2-FAM/REDEVELOPMENT SITE
10 Division St • Near Thriving Downtown
214-216 Husson Ave • $220k Opening Bid
USBC SDNY • Re: Thomas Delaney • Case # 16-23112 (RDD) • Mark S. Tulis, Esq., Chapter 7 Trustee
#8)
VALLEY COTTAGE, NY: 1 BR CONDO
133 Sierra Vista Ln • Extensive Amenities RICHARD MALTZ, AUCTR DCA #1240836, NY BROKER • DAVID CONSTANTINO, AUCTR DCA #1424944 • BILL HOWZE, PA # AU005050
MaltzAuctions.com • 516.349.7022 AUCTIONS...Your Liquidity Solution
®
5th-Lex Offices, Showrooms, Retail B/t GRAND CENTRAL & PENN STA. 185 Mad., 353 Lex., 385 5th, 390 5th, 5 W 37th
620 SF to 8,620 SF
Owner Management 212-843-5400 Floor Plans on Website www.HilsonManagement.com Lower Manhattan - 5 mins from Path High Floor Furnished Law Offices Full access to Library, Conference Rooms and Cafeteria. Vincent Petrungaro at (212)331-9444 VPetrungaro@londonfischer.com
Investment Properties Manhattan
603
SOHO TOWNHOUSE FOR SALE
137 Thompson St., btwn Houston and Prince St. 15 Apts and 2 Retail Stores Call Owner for Offering Memorandum Cooperating with Brokers by agreement. Russ Chinnici 917-750-6701 Russchinnici@aol.com
FOR SALE: RETAIL CONDO 3K SF PRIME MANHATTAN — AMAZING LOCATION 29 E 10TH STREET CALL GLENN: 212-658-0959 PRINCIPALS ONLY
The Upshot provides news, analysis and graphics about politics, policy and everyday life. nytimes.com/upshot
“Maybe autonomous cars will be different from other capacity expansions,” Mr. Turner said. “But of the things we have observed so far, the only thing that really drives down travel times is pricing.” This is because the average person prefers the privacy and convenience of riding in a car. Only when the drive is far enough or the traffic is bad enough — or a taxi costs enough — will more people choose to bike, car-pool, hop on a train or postpone a trip. This same pattern shows up in all kinds of places. You can see it in cities like Los Angeles and Houston, where yearslong, multibilliondollar lane-widening projects did little to speed commutes. But you can also see it in New York — by far the most transitfriendly city in the United States. Ride-hailing services like Lyft and Uber have led to increased traffic, according to a February study from Schaller Consulting in Brooklyn, while subway trips dipped slightly in 2016 because of a fall in weekend usage. Bruce Schaller, principal of Schaller Consulting, said if the growth in ride-hailing services continued, it would inevitably push the city toward some sort of congestion pricing system, an idea New York has floated and rejected. “There will be so many cars on the streets, and freight deliveries and buses and everyone else will be so slowed down, that people
will get fed up and demand a solution,” he said. “And we have a solution in pricing.” Things like matinee movies, red-eye airfares and happy hour drinks have accustomed Americans to the idea of variable pricing depending on time. But charging more for roads is toxic, at least in the United States. Mayor Michael R. Bloomberg met abject failure with his attempt at congestion pricing in New York. Yet London, Singapore and Stockholm have all put in such systems effectively. In the United States, the most common objection is that road pricing is regressive: Rich people get to drive alone while the masses huddle on a bus. Also, people just don’t like paying for things that they are used to having free. Economists are hoping that may change. Several states, including California, Texas and Minnesota, have added highoccupancy toll lanes with different pricing during rush hours. “This idea of congestion pricing is not completely dismissed the way it once was,” said Clifford Winston, an economist at the Brookings Institution. Mr. Winston said the eventual introduction of self-driving cars would probably reduce consumer opposition to paying more to use roads during peak periods. Ridehailing apps have taught consumers to accept surge pricing, and people are generally less resistant to paying for something new. If that happens, one of the hidden benefits of this revolutionary new technology will be that it got people to accept an idea that economists started talking about at least a century ago. And you get home a halfhour earlier.
THE NEW YORK TIMES BUSINESS WEDNESDAY, MARCH 8, 2017
B3
N
U.S. Fines Chinese Electronics Company ZTE for Breaching Sanctions By PAUL MOZUR and CECILIA KANG
HONG KONG — As one of China’s few truly international technology companies, ZTE is often held up by Beijing as part of a new generation of firms able to compete beyond Chinese borders. On Tuesday, the United States government made an example of ZTE in a different way. As part of a settlement for breaking sanctions and selling electronics to Iran and North Korea, ZTE agreed to plead guilty and pay $1.19 billion in fines, the United States Department of Commerce said in an announcement. The penalty is the largest criminal fine in a United States sanctions case. The action is the latest in a sePaul Mozur reported from Hong Kong and Cecilia Kang from Washington.
ries of skirmishes between the United States and China over technology policy. It also offered a chance for President Trump’s young administration to make a statement about the seriousness of United States sanctions. In addition to ZTE, the Commerce Department is also investigating the company’s larger Chinese rival, Huawei, for violating United States sanctions. “We are putting the world on notice: The games are over,” said Commerce Secretary Wilbur L. Ross. “Those who flout our economic sanctions and export control laws will not go unpunished — they will suffer the harshest of consequences.” ZTE was found to have breached United States sanctions against Iran by selling Americanmade goods to the country last March. At the time, the Commerce Department said it would force American companies to obtain a
special license to sell to ZTE, which makes smartphones and telecommunications infrastructure equipment. The restrictions would have had the potential to cripple ZTE’s supply chain. The ban, however, wasn’t put in place, and the Chinese company was given a series of reprieves. Still, ZTE, which is China’s second-largest maker of telecom equipment, has not fared well over the past year. Revenue from the expansion of 4G cellular networks has slowed and its smartphone business has faced competition from new Chinese handset makers, as well as Huawei. On Tuesday, the Commerce Department said that along with selling prohibited American electronics to build Iran’s telecom networks, ZTE also made 283 shipments of microprocessors, servers and routers to North Korea, violating American embargoes in that country as well.
“ZTE engaged in an elaborate scheme to acquire U.S.-origin items, send the items to Iran and mask its involvement in those exports,” said the acting assistant attorney general, Mary B. McCord. “The plea agreement alleges that the highest levels of management within the company approved the scheme.” She added that ZTE repeatedly lied to and misled federal investigators, its own lawyers and internal investigators. In a statement, ZTE said it had strengthened its compliance policies and shaken up top leadership; the company named a new chief executive last April. “ZTE acknowledges the mistakes it made, takes responsibility for them and remains committed to positive change in the company,” said Zhao Xianming, chairman and chief executive of ZTE. Although China and the United
States have occasionally traded barbs over technology policy and cyberattacks, the actions against ZTE by the United States government have not had a major impact on the relationship of the two countries, though Beijing could respond harshly to the new fine. It is unclear whether the Commerce Department has completed its investigations into Chinese telecom equipment makers. In a rare step accompanying the announcement last March, the Commerce Department provided two internal ZTE documents. One, from 2011 and signed by several senior ZTE executives, detailed how the company had “ongoing projects in all five major embargoed countries — Iran, Sudan, North Korea, Syria and Cuba.” Another document laid out in a complex flow chart a method for circumventing United States export controls.
Citing an unnamed company as a model for circumventing United States sanctions, that second document seemed to implicate ZTE’s more politically important rival, Huawei. The New York Times reported last year that the United States government was also investigating whether Huawei broke export controls. The Commerce Department subpoenaed Huawei, demanding it turn over all information regarding the export or re-export of American technology to Cuba, Iran, North Korea, Sudan and Syria. Huawei has said it is committed to complying with laws and regulations where it operates. Huawei and ZTE are private companies, but they have deep ties to the Chinese government, in part because they supply much of the equipment that makes the country’s telecom backbone function.
China Has a Plan to Be Nearly Self-Sufficient by 2025. Global Rivals Call It Unfair. By KEITH BRADSHER and PAUL MOZUR
BEIJING — China has charted out a $300 billion plan to become nearly self-sufficient by 2025 in a range of important industries, from planes to computer chips to electric cars, as it looks to kickstart its next stage of economic development. But big companies in the rest of the world worry that it is more than that: an unfair advantage in China’s home court, and perhaps elsewhere. A report by a European business group on Tuesday said the “Made in China 2025” program, which calls for enormous Chinese government assistance to 10 industries, would force out competitors from abroad and lead to government-subsidized global players that would compete unfairly. Indeed, the Chinese government’s plan says Chinese industries that benefit should own as much as 80 percent of their home market in just eight years. “The Chinese make it clear that they want to be the global champion” and are trying to carve out market share now, said Joerg Wuttke, the president of the European Union Chamber of Commerce in China, which wrote the report. The plan’s mechanism is simple: It would provide large, low-interest loans from state-owned investment funds and development banks; assistance in buying foreign competitors; and extensive research subsidies, all with the goal of making China largely selfsufficient in the targeted industries. Although European and American government officials have expressed misgivings about the plan, the Chinese government has made clear in recent days that it plans to press on. “We will fully implement our plan for developing strategic emerging industries,” Premier Li Keqiang said in his annual speech to the National People’s Congress on Sunday. “We will accelerate R. & D. on and commercialization of new materials, artificial intelligence, integrated circuits, biopharmacy, 5G mobile communications and other technologies, and develop industrial clusters in these fields.” In addition to the sectors Mr. Li cited, the plan also covers the manufacturing of aircraft, robots, electric cars, rail equipment, ships and agricultural machinery. China seeks to wean itself off imports from companies like Boeing, Airbus, General Electric, Siemens, Nissan, Renault, Samsung and Intel. The Chinese government has long worried that the country’s economy is still too concentrated Keith Bradsher reported from Beijing and Paul Mozur from Hong Kong.
CHINATOPIX, VIA ASSOCIATED PRESS
Testing LED lights, top, in Suining, China. Below, Honda’s production line in Wuhan. The $300 billion “Made in China 2025” program aims to wean China off imports from companies like Boeing, General Electric and Intel to give Chinese companies more market share.
AGENCE FRANCE-PRESSE — GETTY IMAGES
in fairly low-end manufacturing. Making and assembling Apple iPhone components, for instance, is done by hundreds of thousands of workers in China, while the better-paid, value-added design and marketing work is done in the United States, although by many
fewer employees. Although a large-scale shift of factories from the West to China has created tens of millions of Chinese jobs, the country’s leaders worry that an increasingly welleducated younger generation is rejecting factory work for higher-
paid office jobs. But the report by the European Union Chamber of Commerce in China was lengthy and critical. The U.S. Chamber of Commerce in Washington plans to issue a similar report next week. The Chinese Communist Party
has long relied on five-year plans to guide national economic growth. But “Made in China 2025” sets out broader targets. “It feels like a five-year plan, but this time not only domestic but international,” Mr. Wuttke said. The timing is delicate. President Trump had campaigned about confronting China on trade and currency issues. He has not yet done so, but his advisers have been considering a revision to corporate taxes that would effectively impose a 20 percent tariff on all imports, not just from China. China is also laying the legal groundwork for challenging at the World Trade Organization a refusal by the United States to accept that China is a market economy for purposes of anti-dumping trade cases. It will make a similar challenge to European Union rules. China’s top Commerce Ministry officials will hold their annual media briefing Saturday and may outline China’s trade policy goals for this year. Along with subsidies at home, the Chinese plan calls for a shopping spree overseas. “Chinese high-tech investments need to be interpreted as building blocks of an overarching political program. It aims to sys-
tematically acquire cutting-edge technology and generate largescale technology transfer. In the long run, China wants to obtain control over the most profitable segments of the global supply chains and production networks,” according to a report on “Made in China 2025” released in December by the Mercator Institute for China Studies, a German think tank. For all of its funding and targets, analysts are divided about
Loans, subsidies and other assistance in targeted industries. how effective the policies will be. Critics point out that its structure could lead to overspending by local governments and inefficient investment. Still, the Mercator report said that the policy is likely to bolster a “small vanguard” of leading Chinese companies, adding, “These front-runners are likely to dominate their sectors on the Chinese market and become fierce competitors in international markets.”
Caterpillar Accused of Tax and Accounting Fraud in a Government-Commissioned Report From First Business Page have been a focus of government investigators since a 2014 Senate hearing found that the company cut its tax bill by $2.4 billion over 13 years, moving earnings out of the United States and into a Swiss subsidiary, despite internal company warnings that the strategy lacked a business purpose, other than tax avoidance. Less than a year later, Caterpillar disclosed it received a subpoena from federal investigators seeking documents and information relating to the movement of cash among domestic and overseas subsidiaries, as well as other matters involving its foreign units, including the Swiss entity. The company has since disclosed in securities filings that the Internal Revenue Service is seeking more than $2 billion in income taxes and penalties on profits earned by the Swiss unit. Caterpillar has said it is “vigorously contesting” the I.R.S.’s proposed increases. Reached by telephone, Ms. Rob-
inson declined to comment. Her report focused on one specific part of Caterpillar’s offshore tax arrangement. It concluded that the company failed to pay taxes on billions of dollars brought home primarily from its Swiss unit and its affiliates, and thus failed to comply with United States tax law and financial reporting rules. It is not clear which federal agency hired Ms. Robinson. In her report she wrote that she was asked to provide a written opinion of Caterpillar’s financial reporting related to various tax accounting standards, “as pertaining to” the investigation of Caterpillar by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation Office of Inspector General. “I was provided with all documents available to the case agents assigned to the investigation,” Ms. Robinson wrote. She also wrote that she spent approximately 200 hours reviewing the evidence and performing calculations. The investigation is being conducted by the United States attorney’s office for the Central District of Illinois as well as the Inspector General of the F.D.I.C., which in-
vestigates criminal activities affecting financial institutions. Agents from that office, as well as from the I.R.S. and the Department of Commerce’s office of export enforcement joined the raid on Caterpillar’s offices last week. A spokeswoman and a spokesman for the agencies confirmed last week’s law enforcement activ-
Illegal practices may have been going on for more than a decade. ity and the agencies involved, but declined to comment further. United States companies owe corporate income taxes at a rate of 35 percent on profits earned around the world. However, they are permitted to defer the taxes owed on the profits generated offshore until they bring those earnings back to the States, a process
known as repatriation. Once they bring cash back, they generally owe federal income taxes, with a credit for any income taxes they have already paid overseas. In the report, Ms. Robinson estimated that Caterpillar has brought back $7.9 billion into the States, structured as loans, over and beyond the income that had already been taxed overseas. She concluded that the company failed to report those loans for tax or accounting purposes, and she wrote that those profits should be subject to federal taxes. In one example, she cited correspondence between the company and the Securities and Exchange Commission in which Caterpillar said it had $2.5 billion of income eligible to be brought to the United States tax-free. Ms. Robinson wrote that her research showed that the company did not have “anywhere near” that sum still available to be brought in tax-free. Caterpillar failed to report those loans as taxable distributions of cash, thus avoiding the tax on earnings brought home from
Switzerland, while “enjoying the use of those earnings to meet U.S. cash needs,” she wrote. Ms. Robinson’s 85-page analysis is based on publicly available and internal financial data of the company, she wrote in the report, as well as bank data tracking wire transfers from Switzerland into the United States. The report does not explain whether Caterpillar used the type of creative, and often legal, transactions that United States multinationals use to avoid tax on earnings brought home from offshore. For instance, while companies typically owe tax on earnings brought home, there some exceptions. For instance, they do not owe tax on short-term loans made by their offshore subsidiaries to their domestic parent company. In her report, Ms. Robinson does not mention this legal exception, and it is unclear if Caterpillar used such transactions. In 2012, the same Senate committee that examined Caterpillar’s taxes found that
Hewlett-Packard stitched together a series of such loans to bring home billions of dollars tax-free. The 2014 Senate report on Caterpillar said the company worked with the accounting firm PricewaterhouseCoopers, to set up its Swiss tax-cutting strategy. PwC was also the company’s auditor, which raised “significant conflict of interest concerns,” according to Senate investigators. The report by Ms. Robinson makes a passing reference to PwC but does not address what role, if any, it had in these transactions. Caroline Nolan, a spokeswoman for PwC, said, “We don’t comment on client matters or pending investigations.” Companies like Caterpillar, Google, Apple and Pfizer have accumulated at least $2.3 trillion offshore, much of it in subsidiaries located in tax havens like Bermuda, Luxembourg and the Cayman Islands. President Trump has said he supports a holiday of sorts that would permit companies to bring those profits back to the United States at a low rate.
B4
0
THE NEW YORK TIMES BUSINESS WEDNESDAY, MARCH 8, 2017
N
Make Deals, Cut Costs: Can 3G’s Recipe Keep? By STEVEN DAVIDOFF SOLOMON
The investment firm 3G Capital, the driving force behind Kraft Heinz and the company that owns the Burger King and Tim Hortons chains, seems to have found the secret sauce of dealmaking. DEAL But could that PROFESSOR sauce now be nearing its expiration date? Until recently, 3G looked unstoppable. Founded in 2004 by Jorge Paulo Lemann and four other Brazilian deal makers, the firm made its name by relentlessly crossing the globe to buy companies and ultimately form the world’s biggest beer maker, Anheuser-Busch InBev. Since then, 3G has built up empires in food through bold and aggressive acquisitions. But last month, 3G’s Kraft Heinz retreated on a $143 billion takeover offer for the BritishDutch conglomerate Unilever, the maker of Hellmann’s mayonnaise and Lipton tea, as well as Dove soap and other personal products, after facing opposition from the target company and European politicians. Still, 3G is not likely to shut down its insatiable acquisition drive after being thwarted over Unilever. Its recent setback provides an opportunity to reflect on what makes this firm different. The 3G machine has two main profit drivers. First, there is the tried-and-true merger play of becoming more profitable through consolidation and expansion into new markets. Then, the scalpels come out and the combined company creates value Steven Davidoff Solomon is a professor of law at the University of California, Berkeley. His columns can be found at nytimes.com/dealbook. Follow @stevendavidoff on Twitter.
by cutting costs. And, boy, does it cut. The firm has developed a laserlike focus on the expense side with something called zero-based budgeting. Each year, costs for every item at its portfolio companies are reassessed. Everything is on the table as the budget is recalculated annually. Printers are gotten rid of, trash collection reduced and overhead slashed in what has been referred to as “brutal” cost-cutting. At the Tim Hortons chain, for example, the company was able to grow margins 6 percent by firing most senior executives and reducing capital expenditures by 75 percent. For every $1 on the menu at outlets of the parent company, Restaurant Brands, the company stands to reap a profit of 45 cents — a figure that is double the industry average. Acquisitions take the place of product development. At the companies that 3G controls, it puts into place young yet experienced managers who implement their cost-cutting agenda. Restaurant Brands is led by Daniel Schwartz, a 3G executive who at 35 is steeped in the company’s ways. The chief executive of Kraft Heinz, Bernardo Hees, also is a partner in 3G and was promoted from his job successfully running Burger King. The firm is known for a focus on talent and also on awarding lots of incentive compensation. The focus on margins is not pretty, though. When 3G bought Heinz it fired 11 of 12 top executives almost immediately, and about a quarter of the headquarters staff. The 3G cost-cutting machine is such a legend that its recent announcement that it bought Popeye’s Louisiana Fried
The Dow Minute by Minute Position of the Dow Jones industrial average at 1-minute intervals on Tuesday.
20,975
Previous close 20,954.34
20,950
20,925
20,900 10 a.m.
Noon
2 p.m.
Source: Reuters
4 p.m. THE NEW YORK TIMES
STOCKS & BONDS
Health Care Law Turmoil Helps Stall Share Prices By The Associated Press
Stocks on Wall Street declined for the third time in four days on Tuesday as health care companies took center stage. Drug makers fell after President Trump said he wanted to bring drug prices down. Insurers rose and hospital companies dropped after Republicans in Congress introduced a bill intended to replace the 2010 Affordable Care Act. The Standard & Poor’s 500stock index lost 6.92 points, or 0.3 percent, to 2,368.39. The Dow Jones industrial average lost 29.58 points, or 0.1 percent, to 20,924.76. The Nasdaq composite sagged 15.25 points, or 0.3 percent, to 5,833.93. Two stocks fell for every one that rose on the New York Stock Exchange. The president’s health care proposal, expressed in a morning Twitter post, helped the shares of big health insurers, but hurt companies that do a lot of business with Medicaid. It is not clear whether the health care bill will pass the Senate; several Republicans have already questioned it. Stocks turned lower at the end of the day as that criticism increased, leaving the fate of the bill, a key part of Mr. Trump’s agenda, uncertain. Elsewhere, energy companies continued to slip and technology companies made small gains. Stocks had not fallen for two consecutive days since the end of January, and set their latest record highs last Wednesday. Companies that make highprice drugs took some of the largest losses. Biotechnology company Alexion Pharmaceuticals shed $4.15, or 3.1 percent, to $129.18. Alexion makes Soliris, a highpriced drug that treats two rare genetic disorders. The Republican health care legislation would provide tax credits for people buying their own insur-
ance and would scale back the government’s role in helping people afford coverage. It would probably leave more Americans uninsured and would also overhaul Medicaid, a joint federal-state health program for low-income Americans. Hospital operators tumbled. Community Health Systems lost 9.3 percent and Tenet Healthcare sank 7.1 percent. Insurers that do a lot of business with Medicaid, such as Molina Healthcare, also fell. But the largest national health insurers did better than the rest of the market. Humana added $5.21, or 2.4 percent, to $217.95, the largest gain among S.&P. 500 stocks. Benchmark crude lost 6 cents to $53.14 a barrel in New York. Brent crude, used to price international oils, lost 9 cents to $55.92 a barrel in London. Energy companies continued to lag the market, however, continuing a pattern since late last year. Hess lost $1.52, or 3 percent, to $49.51 and Exxon Mobil slipped 31 cents, or 0.4 percent, to $82.52, while natural gas companies fell with the price of that fuel. Technology companies did better than the rest of the market. Video game maker Electronic Arts rose $1.16, or 1.3 percent, to $88.30. Data storage company Nimble Storage soared after it agreed to be bought by Hewlett Packard Enterprise for $12.50 a share, or about $1 billion. Its stock rose $3.98, or 46.3 percent, to $12.58. Bond prices fell. The yield on the 10-year Treasury note rose to 2.53 percent from 2.49 percent. Gold dropped $9.40 to $1,215.10 an ounce. Silver lost 24 cents, or 1.3 percent, to $17.54 an ounce. Copper fell 3 cents, or 1.3 percent, to $2.62 a pound. The dollar bounced back to 113.98 yen from 113.88 yen. The euro fell to $1.0569 from $1.0579. The CAC 40 in France traded 0.3 percent lower.
HARRY CAMPBELL
Chicken resulted in Restaurant Brands’ stock price increasing more than 7 percent. The reason was that investors were in essence betting that the 3G magic could produce that value through cuts and possibly foreign expansion for the largely domestic Popeye’s. Restaurant Brands’ overhead is 1.3 percent of systemwide sales, compared with 2.8 percent for Popeye’s; that will no doubt be brought into line. The chief executive of Popeye’s, Cheryl A. Bachelder, has already announced that she will be leaving, no doubt to be replaced by a 3G Capital disciple. The company’s obsessive efforts to cut back on costs can
almost make other private equity firms look like spendthrifts in comparison. The success of 3G has been so great that one has to wonder why others don’t simply copy it. After all, there is no complex secret formula in cutting printers and other costs. One way that 3G is different than other investment and private equity firms is its partnership with Warren E. Buffett’s Berkshire Hathaway. Mr. Buffett backed the firm when it merged Heinz with Kraft, providing financing for a nice fat rate of interest on a preferred stock. The two have also joined forces to profit from the fast-food
industry. 3G bought Burger King, then took the company public by merging it with an investment vehicle controlled by William A. Ackman’s Pershing Square Capital Management. The renamed Restaurant Brands then bought Tim Hortons with $3 billion of capital put in by Berkshire Hathaway. And Restaurant Brands is about to get even bigger with an agreement to buy Popeye’s and its 2,600 locations for $1.8 billion. But the larger question about 3G is whether it is possible to keep creating value by acquisition. At some point, you might think, the music stops playing. Were that to happen, it would become clear how much long-
term value is actually being created, and how much of the gains are short-term lifts from acquisitions and cost cuts. Restaurant Brands, for example, has reduced costs but revenue has remained relatively flat. Last quarter, Kraft Heinz’s revenue fell 3.7 percent. In other words, with flat revenue, income has to come from somewhere, and you can only slash so much. It’s a model that private equity firms don’t follow. To be sure, they also cut costs, but private equity also prides itself on revenue expansion and innovation. And the reason is simple: If the merger and acquisition pipeline dries up, so does the growth. Indeed, Anheuser-Busch InBev is hurting now that it is too big to acquire other companies of significant scale. Its profits fell last quarter. The solution it offered: more cost-cutting. The 3G deal makers have their supporters, of course. Mr. Buffett, who reaps great benefits financing their deals, has praised the 3G founders. “Jorge Paulo and his associates could not be better partners,” Mr. Buffett has written. In similar ways, Pershing Square has profited greatly from its partnership with 3G and Mr. Ackman has praised its methods. These prominent investors will continue to do so, as long as the acquisition machine can continue. And the managers at 3G are certainly smart and have made many improvements to both companies. But one has to wonder if a firm can succeed simply by cutting. To be sure there will be some gains and value made from the cuts, but eventually part of running a business means actually building something. Like it or not, that will require spending on new products and the business itself, something 3G’s managers appear to hate above all else, as opposed to simply acquiring more companies.
U.S. Suits Over Lending Bias May Wane Under Trump From First Business Page ased lending in some communities after banks pulled back from mortgage lending because of the financial crisis. During the housing bubble before the crisis, discriminatory lending was not a focus of regulatory efforts. The Justice Department pursued just a handful of cases each year, many of which were settled for tens or hundreds of thousands of dollars. But regulators stepped up their enforcement in more recent years, and the Justice Department even set up a separate fair lending unit in 2010. From 2010 to 2014, the Justice Department won $1.4 billion in fair lending settlements, according to a report to Congress that was submitted last August. In 2015, it opened 18 investigations, filed eight cases and settled nine, which led to an additional $82 million in relief, the report said. That tally includes several prominent cases, including a $33 million consent order involving accusations of redlining against Hudson City Savings Bank, which neither admitted nor denied wrongdoing. The Hudson City case, the federal government’s largest redlining settlement, was filed jointly by the Justice Department and the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau. The Justice Department brought six more fair lending lawsuits in 2016 and another two in January 2017, several of which involved accusations of redlining, including the KleinBank case. Consumer groups cheered a Supreme Court decision in 2015 that upheld the use of a legal theory called disparate impact under the Fair Housing Act, though the court included some limits on its application. The theory says that business standards or practices can in some cases be considered discriminatory if certain groups are negatively impacted, even if unintentionally. But with the change in administration and a focus on deregulation, the banking industry is looking for a swing back. The Justice Department “will be a lot more selective in the cases that they pursue, and it’s unlikely they will get involved in cases unless there’s out-and-out evidence of discrimination,” said Alan Kaplinsky, a partner specializing in consumer financial regulation at Ballard Spahr. A spokesman for the Justice Department declined to comment on the agency’s enforcement plans. Stuart Rossman, director of litigation at the National Consumer Law Center, said that consumer advocates had been discussing the implications for enforcement of the country’s fair lending laws since the November elections,
NATE RYAN FOR THE NEW YORK TIMES
Doug Hile, president and chief executive of KleinBank in Chaska, Minn., which is fighting a Justice Department lawsuit that claims the bank engaged in redlining, a charge Mr. Hile denies. when Republicans won the White House and secured both chambers of Congress. “We are watching with great interest and concern,” he said. Lisa Rice, executive vice president at the National Fair Housing Alliance, said that she had “measured hope” for the incoming administration. Attorney General Jeff Sessions “did say that he was going to vigorously enforce the law,” Ms. Rice said. “We will be holding his feet to the fire and we will be pushing and making sure
A deregulatory fervor that has watchdogs worrying and many banks exhaling. that he lives up to the promise that he made during his confirmation process and that he fully enforces all of the components of the Fair Housing Act.” For now, the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau remains a bright spot for advocates. The agency has pursued a host of fair lending cases under the Equal Credit Opportunity Act since its founding in 2011, often in conjunction with the Justice Department. The bureau signaled in December that it would focus on redlining, unfair treatment in mortgage and student loan servicing and discrimination in small business lending this year. It said in April that it obtained $108 million from financial institutions for fair lend-
ing violations in 2015. “In the coming years we will continue to build on our record of steady and vigorous enforcement of the fair lending laws,” Patrice Ficklin, head of the consumer agency’s fair lending office, said in a statement. “Discrimination in mortgage lending continues to be a key priority, and we have focused in particular on redlining risk.” Still, the fate of the consumer agency under the Trump administration is unknown. It is not clear whether its director, Richard Cordray, will be allowed to serve out the rest of his term, which expires next year, or whether lawmakers in Congress will succeed in replacing the single director with a commission or in limiting the agency’s enforcement powers. If the bureau were to take a back seat on fair lending, observers predicted that individual states could move in to help fill the void. The other financial regulators will also continue play a role in monitoring fair lending, though soon under new leadership. The consumer bureau referred eight fair lending matters to the Justice Department in 2015, while the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation and the Federal Reserve each referred four. The Department of Housing and Urban Development — now led by Ben Carson, who was confirmed by the Senate last week — referred one potential case. Banks have struggled to interpret what regulators want. “The goal posts are constantly changing — the typical community banker doesn’t know what the playing field is,” said Camden
Fine, president and chief executive of the Independent Community Bankers of America. KleinBank has received satisfactory ratings from the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation for compliance with the Community Reinvestment Act for years, which supporters of the bank say makes the charges all the more perplexing. The 1977 law was established to encourage financial institutions to meet the credit needs of their communities, including lower-income neighborhoods. The bank created a “horseshoe shaped” market for purposes of complying with the Community Reinvestment Act, the lawsuit charges. The assessment area “includes the majority white suburbs, and carves out the urban areas of Minneapolis and St. Paul that have higher proportions of minority populations.” Mr. Hile, the bank’s top executive, said that he hoped to continue working with the Justice Department to find a resolution to the complaint. “I still want to find a way to resolve concerns that they may have and to be part of the broad solution for how we serve our communities,” he said. “But we are just not going to accept the premise that we should have to admit to doing something wrong when we didn’t do something wrong.”
Other points of view on the Op-Ed page seven days a week. The New York Times
THE NEW YORK TIMES BUSINESS WEDNESDAY, MARCH 8, 2017
N
B5
Tronc Is Said To Be in Talks To Purchase Us Weekly By SYDNEY EMBER
AYESHA MALIK
An oil complex in 2011 in Jubail, Saudi Arabia, a joint venture between a foreign oil company and Saudi Aramco, which is planning a public offering by late 2018.
For I.P.O., Saudi Aramco May Have to Share Some of Its Secrets By CLIFFORD KRAUSS
HOUSTON — Saudi Arabia has often been a place of mysteries and intrigue, and its promised initial public offering of the kingdom’s crown jewel — the national oil company Saudi Aramco — is only the latest puzzle. As investment bankers and Saudi officials plan the trading debut, there are more questions than answers: Is the company worth $2 trillion, as the Saudis insist, or a small fraction of that, as argued by bankers and international oil experts? Will members of the royal family, with their secret oil payments, allow the kind of transparency that investors are demanding? Can the Saudis pull this off by late next year, as promised, especially if oil prices decline again or tensions heighten around the Persian Gulf? Khalid A. al-Falih, Saudi Arabia’s energy minister and chairman of Saudi Aramco, brushed aside many of those concerns before global energy executives here on Tuesday, seeking to build confidence that the Saudi Aramco offering would be the richest ever. “The process is proceeding on time, on schedule, everything is green,” Mr. Falih said at CERAWeek, an annual industry conference. “It will be a great addition to many portfolios. And it will unleash the company to do more globally.” But not all energy experts are so sure the offering will go smoothly, although investment Stanley Reed contributed reporting from London.
bankers and Saudi officials alike have plenty of incentives to make it a success. “Talk is cheap, implementation is difficult,” said Fadel Gheit, a senior oil company analyst at Oppenheimer & Company. “They will have to recreate books that never existed.” As a prize, there are fewer bigger than Saudi Aramco. The Saudis plan to offer 5 percent of the company, which could raise $20 billion to $100 billion, depending on a company valuation still to be determined. The Saudis insist on the higher values based on the country’s 266 billion barrels of oil reserves, roughly 15 percent of total global supplies, which they say provide the company with a total valuation of $2 trillion. The bankers, however, are relying on other calculations, based on various analyses of operations, costs and projections of future commodity prices. The consultants at Wood Mackenzie figure a valuation of roughly $400 billion. The biggest banks, including JPMorgan Chase, Morgan Stanley and HSBC, are positioning themselves by advising the Saudis on how to structure the offering. But investment bankers say the value of the company can be determined only after the Saudi government outlines the minority protections that investors will have, what taxes they will have to pay, and what Saudi Aramco’s cost structure will be. Complex assumptions must be made involv-
ing projections of oil prices and demand over the next 30 to 50 years in a world increasingly worried about climate change and susceptible to technological disruption. Under a privatization, some combination of the government, the Saudi sovereign wealth fund and members of the royal family would have to share the profits with foreign investors. Since the government depends on the company for most of its revenue, that is a delicate issue. Separating Saudi Aramco from the government could be as complicated as separating conjoined twins. Not only is the company’s governance tied to the management of the state’s most valuable assets — its oil, refineries, production equipment and pipelines — but it is called on to do things far removed from energy, like building hospitals and schools and financing homeownership. The company sells a substantial amount of its production domestically at sizable discounts to world prices. The state company now pays an 85 percent tax on its profits. That rate would probably be reduced considerably to make the stock offering attractive, but that could complicate state finances at a time when the government is struggling with higher debts and lower revenue. But it is not surprising that there would be hurdles in privatizing a company whose finances are tightly interwoven not only with the state but even with the royal family, including members of
clans disaffected when King Salman bypassed several senior princes to consolidate power and position his own favorites for succession. “You can imagine a lot of things going wrong,” said Amy Myers Jaffe, a Middle East energy expert at the University of California, Davis. “Maybe they are going to get a lot less money than they thought they were going to get, and that is going to be a budget problem and a failure.” Saudi Aramco has never released the kind of financial statements that Western companies do
A national oil company unfamiliar with transparency. routinely. That could be a problem if the company pushes for a New York Stock Exchange listing, as expected, since the Securities and Exchange Commission would insist on precise disclosure of proven undeveloped reserves, which must be developed within five years to remain on the books. Such decisions have been kept strictly secret by the Saudis. Bankers say they are enthusiastic about the potential of the deal to produce a bountiful and secure dividend stream, but only as long as Saudi officials make the pragmatic decisions to structure Saudi Aramco like other public companies. They praise the com-
pany for its professional management and productivity. “Assuming a market-related governance and tax structure,” said Osmar Abib, global co-head of oil and gas investment banking at Credit Suisse, “Saudi Aramco should produce strong cash flows given its low-cost crude production profile and substantial reserve position.” In his talk on Tuesday, Mr. Falih acknowledged that there was still resistance to change in the kingdom and that his company still needed to work on its accounting practices to meet international stock exchange standards. “It’s not simple, it’s really complex,” he said. Some analysts are optimistic that solutions can be found. They note that King Salman and his favorite son, Prince Mohammed bin Salman, the deputy crown prince, are committed to the offering as the cornerstone of their Vision 2030 plan, designed to diversify and privatize the Saudi economy, from the oil sector to utilities to airports. They note that Saudi Arabia last year reversed its policy of letting global oil prices freely fall by pushing the Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries to cut production, in part because a higher oil price would make the offering more attractive. “Everything is changing,” said Samer S. al-Ashgar, president of the King Abdullah Petroleum Studies and Research Center, based in Riyadh. “There is no better way to describe it than as a business culture revolution.”
Tronc, the publisher of The Los Angeles Times and The Chicago Tribune, is in late-stage conversations with Wenner Media to acquire the celebrity magazine Us Weekly, according to a person briefed on the talks. Tronc and Wenner, which also publishes Rolling Stone and Men’s Journal, are negotiating a price of more than $100 million for Us Weekly, according to the person, who spoke on the condition of anonymity because the deal talks are private. The talks are in progress, and a deal could fail. In 2006, Wenner spent $300 million to buy back the 50 percent share in Us Weekly it sold to the Walt Disney Company for $40 million five years earlier. Wenner still makes significant debt payments each year stemming from the loan it used to fund the transaction. For Wenner, selling Us Weekly would be a further paring of its holdings. Last year, it sold a 49 percent stake in Rolling Stone, a music and popular culture magazine, to BandLab Technologies, a Singapore-based music tech company led by the son of an Asian business magnate. At the time, Rolling Stone, founded by Jann S. Wenner in 1967, said the deal was intended to help the magazine expand into new markets and strengthen its brand internationally. The company used $25 million from the $40 million deal for a special payment on its loan, according to credit reports. The pursuit of Us Weekly is a notable role reversal for Tronc, the newspaper publisher formerly known as Tribune Publishing, which rebuffed a takeover attempt from the Gannett Company last year after a long public battle. Us Weekly would dovetail with the interests of Michael W. Ferro Jr., a Chicago technology entrepreneur and Tronc’s nonexecutive chairman, who has long been enamored with celebrity coverage. Last year, Tronc bought the domain name LA.com, with plans to publish profiles of celebrities and others with influence on the site. After Mr. Ferro and others in Chicago bought The Chicago SunTimes in 2011, he told some reporters that he wanted the newspaper to focus more on celebrity coverage. Mr. Ferro donated his stake in The Sun-Times to a charitable trust last year to assuage antitrust concerns. Spokeswomen for Tronc and Wenner declined to comment. The talks were reported earlier by The New York Post. It has not been easy going for Wenner Media recently, and questions have arisen about its fate. In November, Rolling Stone lost a defamation lawsuit over a 2014 article about a suspected gang rape at the University of Virginia. The article received widespread condemnation after it was published, and Rolling Stone had already retracted it and removed it from its website. The magazine still faces another lawsuit related to the article. On a broader level, the celebrity magazine category has suffered in the digital age. Newsstand sales for Us Weekly were down roughly 30 percent in the second half of 2016 compared with the same period a year earlier, according to publisher’s statements filed with the Alliance for Audited Media.
German Court Refuses to Block Facebook Users From Reposting a Refugee’s Selfie By MELISSA EDDY
WÜRZBURG, Germany — A Syrian refugee whose image showed up in fake news reports linking him to terrorism lost a closely watched case in Germany on Tuesday that sought to prevent Facebook from allowing users to repost the picture. The refugee, Anas Modamani, became a potent symbol of the wave of migrants flooding into Germany, and of the country’s immigration policy, when he posed for a selfie with Chancellor Angela Merkel in 2015. But the image surfaced in social media posts falsely linking him to terrorist attacks in Brussels and on a Christmas market in Berlin, prompting Mr. Modamani to seek an injunction against Facebook in a court in Würzburg, in the southern German state of Bavaria. The case, one of several against Facebook in Germany, was viewed as an important indicator of how the country’s stringent laws on personal privacy will be applied to social media companies. It also raised questions about whether those companies should be treated as data providers, and whether they should follow stricter media laws or even new legislation. The rise of fake news and populist propaganda has prompted broader concerns ahead of German elections in September. A government-led task force, which includes representatives from Facebook, Google and Twitter, is
SEAN GALLUP/GETTY IMAGES
Anas Modamani with Chancellor Angela Merkel in September 2015. The image was used to falsely link him to terrorist attacks. looking into how such companies deal with posts deemed hateful. In the case on Tuesday, Judge Volkmar Seipel ruled that there were no grounds for an injunction because Facebook had not in any way manipulated the content, which would have made it legally responsible for the distribution. The judge added that a host provider, according to the European Union’s electronic commerce laws, could be held responsible for eliminating content from its site only when it was considered technically possible. Facebook had argued that it was not possible to search the entire contents of its site. Mr. Modamani’s lawyer disagreed. “This question was disputed by
the parties and could not be clarified in the hearing,” the judge said, suggesting it could be answered in a separate trial if pursued. Mr. Modamani, who lives in Berlin, was not present at Tuesday’s announcement and declined to comment on the ruling. His lawyer, Chan-jo Jun, said that although some of the altered images remained available on Facebook, the attention the trial generated had resulted in a drop in threats against Mr. Modamani since late December. Mr. Jun, however, arrived at the court flanked by two police officers. He said the security detail had been ordered after an anonymous call several weeks earlier in which the person threatened to
murder him and cited information that Mr. Jun said only an insider could have known. “We learned a lot from this case,” Mr. Jun said after the ruling. “People have learned that Mr. Modamani is not a terrorist. We lawyers have learned that we cannot help victims of libel and slander with the laws we have. But we have learned which laws have to be changed.” The post at the center of the dispute, which has been shared at least 940 times on Facebook since it was first posted Dec. 27, claims that Mr. Modamani was one of three men suspected of setting fire to a sleeping homeless man in Berlin. It shows a copy of Mr. Modamani’s original selfie with the chancellor, alongside images of the three men. Above the pictures, in German, the post reads: “Homeless man set alight in Berlin. Merkel took a selfie with one of the perpetrators.” The post remains in circulation on Facebook, although Mr. Jun said that he had reported it as recently as Monday through the channels the company provides. In response to a request to take down the photograph, Facebook replied that it did not violate user guidelines, the lawyer said. “We appreciate that this is a very difficult situation for Mr. Modamani,” Facebook said in a statement. “Regarding the ruling, we are pleased that the court shares our view that the legal action initiated was not merited or
the most effective way to resolve the situation.” “We quickly disabled access to content that has been accurately reported to us by Mr. Modamani’s legal representatives,” the statement added, “and will continue to respond quickly to valid reports of the content at issue from Mr. Modamani’s legal representatives.” Mr. Jun had previously tried to file a separate suit against Facebook for violating a German law that prohibits publication of seditious comments by extremists. A court in Hamburg rejected that suit last year, but a court in Munich is examining it. Mr. Jun said that one goal of the trial was “to find out and demonstrate whether it is possible, under existing laws and Facebook’s approach to compliance, to effectively protect personal privacy.” The German Constitution guarantees a right to the “free development of the individual,” which is understood to include the right to personal privacy and to determine the extent to which a person appears in public. Mr. Jun has argued that Facebook is failing to uphold German law, instead adhering only to its own guidelines. The case also demonstrated the complications involved in applying rules in a digital era. Judge Seipel was not clear, at first, of some of the basic social media terminology. He asked for clarification about the difference
between “viewing,” or seeing something posted to the platform, and “sharing,” when people distribute another person’s content to their own networks, increasing the number of viewers. In Mr. Modamani’s case, such information was crucial, as simply erasing the original version of the disputed image would not ensure that it could no longer be found elsewhere on the platform. Lawyers for Facebook said in February that they did not possess a “wonder machine” capable of recognizing and immediately blocking every reproduction of Mr. Modamani’s image. Mr. Jun rejected that defense as “ridiculous.” Germany has been struggling with how to apply laws on personal privacy to social media giants like Facebook, Google and Twitter. On Monday, an administrative court in Bremen handed down a suspended sentence of six months and two weeks to a man who had insulted refugees on his Facebook page. That case concerned the posting of hateful comments on the platform, but it did not involve Facebook itself. The Justice Ministry is expected to announce in the coming weeks its guidelines for dealing with hate speech on social media and for preventing its proliferation. The report comes after more than a year of round-table talks involving the ministry and representatives from Facebook, Google and Twitter.
B6
THE NEW YORK TIMES BUSINESS WEDNESDAY, MARCH 8, 2017
N
How to Help Humans When the Robots Come To Take Our Jobs By CLAIRE CAIN MILLER
Maybe the automation of jobs will eventually create new, better jobs. Maybe it will put us all out of work. But as we argue about this, work is changing. Today’s jobs — white collar, blue collar or no collar — require more education and interpersonal skills than those in the past. And many of the people whose jobs have already been automated can’t find new ones. Technology leads to economic growth, but the benefits aren’t being parceled out equally. Policy makers have the challenge of helping workers share the gains. That will take at least some government effort, just as it did when the United States moved from an agricultural economy to an industrial one, with policies like high school for all or workers’ rights. Whether there’s political will for big changes remains to be seen, but here are some policies that economists and policy experts think could help now. MORE EDUCATION A broad area of agreement: People need to learn new skills to work in the new economy. “The best response is to increase the skills of the labor force,” said Gregory Mankiw, an economist at Harvard. The most valuable thing could be to increase college enrollment and graduation rates. A growing number of jobs require a degree; the unemployment rate among people 25 to 34 with college degrees is just 2 percent, versus 8 percent for those who stopped their education after high school. But that goal seems farfetched at a time when only about one-third of Americans have bachelor’s degrees. For many more who lack the time, money or drive, what’s already happening is more vocational training, at community colleges or through apprenticeships. This provides a way for people to learn on the job, but the problem is that many of those jobs are probably next in line to be automated. People who lose their job midcareer don’t necessarily have the skills to do another one. But
government retraining programs are confusing and often ineffective, and many companies aren’t willing to invest in training workers only to have them poached by a rival. “It’s bipartisan judgment that it doesn’t work,” said Tyler Cowen, an economist at George Mason University. “People are not that malleable.” More successful, he said, is training that workers seek themselves. One idea from Third Way, a policy think tank, is free online prep courses for people who have been out of school too long to remember high school basics. Andrew McAfee and Erik Brynjolfsson, founders of M.I.T.’s Initiative on the Digital Economy, suggest federally guaranteed student loans for nontraditional programs like online certificates or coding boot camps. Perhaps most effective is reaching students as early as elementary school. Educators should focus on teaching technical skills, like coding and statistics, and skills that still give humans an edge over machines, like creativity and collaboration, experts say. And since no one knows which jobs will be automated later, it may be most important to learn flexibility and how to learn new things. CREATE NEW AND BETTER JOBS
The problem, at least for now, is not that there isn’t enough work — there is, but it is very different from the kind of work technology is displacing. Manufacturing and warehousing jobs are shrinking, while jobs that provide services (health care, child care, elder care, education, food) are growing. “We are far from the end of work, but face a big challenge redeploying people toward addressing our society’s very real needs,” Mr. Brynjolfsson said. One idea is for the government to subsidize private employment or even volunteer jobs. “If the private market isn’t creating the jobs people need, then the public sector should engage in direct job creation,” said Jared Bernstein, senior fellow at the Center on Budget and Policy Priorities, who was chief economist for Vice President Joe Biden. He said the technique “has a better track record than people think.” A
percent of jobs in the United States require some sort of license, according to one estimate. Sometimes it’s for safety reasons, as with doctors or electricians. But in some places, hair shampooers, makeup artists and florists need licenses. Machines may take so many jobs that there aren’t enough left for humans. That would suggest policies like cutting hours instead of employees. The United States has had a 40-hour workweek only since 1940. Why not shorten the workweek to three or four days, or institute job sharing, which has been successful in Germany? “That’s the realm of science fiction,” Mr. Cowen said. “It’s not an America we would recognize.”
BRANDON THIBODEAUX FOR THE NEW YORK TIMES
An engineer observing a robotic truck loader during a test at Wynright Robotics in Arlington, Tex. The rise of automation is already transforming many workplaces in challenging ways. recent study by the Georgetown Center on Poverty and Inequality examined 40 programs over 40 years, and found they were successful at things like improving workers’ skills and reducing their dependence on public benefits. President Trump and many others have proposed putting people to work building and repairing bridges, roads and other infrastructure. He has said he wants to do it in part by offering tax credits to private companies. Construction jobs are being automated, though, and not everyone has the skills to do advanced building. A less discussed option is make-work, like government-funded jobs gardening in parks or reading to older people. More people would do caregiving jobs if they paid better, said Lawrence Katz, a Harvard labor economist: “Nothing says home health aide has to be a minimum wage job.” That seems unlikely anytime soon, especially without strengthening labor unions. Economists largely agree that manufacturing jobs aren’t coming back, but the United States
The Upshot provides news, analysis and graphics about politics, policy and everyday life. nytimes.com/upshot
could slow the losses by attracting more advanced manufacturing, especially in green energy, Mr. Bernstein said. “Some smart country is going to dominate the market for battery storage, for example,” he said. “That should be us.” People who lose their jobs often don’t have the money to pick up and move to where jobs and training are, so he suggests the government help people move. But it’s not just about money — many people don’t want to upend their lives. BOLSTER THE SAFETY NET There seems to be bipartisan support for expanding the earned-income tax credit, which rewards lowincome people for working. Much more fanciful, at least in the United States, is a universal basic income, in which the government gives everyone a guaranteed amount of money. But that idea is gaining with thinkers across the ideological spectrum. Critics say it would discourage people from working; proponents say it would free them to go back to school or to do work they’re passionate about. “The key response must initially be to expand the earnedincome tax credit and then ultimately have a universal basic income ensuring at least subsistence,” said Robert Reich, public policy professor at the University of California, Berkeley, who was labor secretary under President Clinton. More realistically, the Obama
administration proposed wage insurance to make up the difference for people who move to lower-paying jobs. For instance, machinists, in a shrinking occupation, earn a median hourly wage of $19.50, while home health care aides, in a growing occupation, earn $10.50. CHANGE THE WAY WORK IS DONE
Most people have skills to earn money, so why not make it easier to do so without an employer? Freelance and contract workers could get portable benefits. They wouldn’t have to be tied to a job to get health insurance, for example, (though the drama over health care makes the expansion of other benefits seem unlikely). Similar and more feasible ideas include easing regulations for companies to hire contract workers (which is happening more, though not necessarily to the benefit of workers), and building co-working spaces so that people get the camaraderie of an office. Governments could also make it easier to start small businesses. Third Way proposes borrowing an idea from Silicon Valley and creating venture capital funds, seeded by the federal government, for states to invest in local entrepreneurs. “People in the rest of the country have good jobs-producing ideas, too,” said Jim Kessler, senior vice president for policy at Third Way. There’s bipartisan support for a policy that would surely help: reducing licensing requirements for many kinds of work. Thirty
SPREAD THE WEALTH The earnings from automation have been shared unequally, with business owners getting a much larger share than workers. “Technology creates phenomenal wealth but concentrates it beyond any acceptable level, and so we will have to agree on some sort of redistribution,” said Sam Altman, president of Y Combinator, a tech start-up incubator. But there’s no agreement on how to solve the problem. Liberals want to raise the minimum wage, while many conservatives want to keep it low so that human labor is less expensive than robot labor. Third Way proposes a minimum wage that varies with the cost of living — $9.35 in Killeen, Tex.; $11 in Scranton, Pa.; and $12.60 in San Francisco. Bill Gates recently suggested taxing robots (in other words, taxing companies that own robots). One camp suggests raising corporate taxes while lowering income taxes for workers, but another proposes cutting or eliminating the corporate income tax and raising personal income tax rates instead. The government could create a minimum pension, which would require employers to contribute 50 cents per hour worked into a private retirement fund. Then again, employers might just lower wages to finance it. “How to make the forces of technology and globalization work for people and not against them is the biggest public policy challenge in America,” Mr. Kessler said. “The rise of populism, both on the left and the right, is because middle-income voters feel that their elected leaders don’t have the answer to this question.”
A Budget Blueprint Reflecting Resentments Against the Poor President Trump’s budget priorities could reduce support for programs that benefit low-income people, like commodity donations to food pantries. There is little political cost for Mr. Trump — in fact, potential benefit — in going after means-tested programs for the poor.
From First Business Page ting the entitlements of Social Security and Medicare. And yet Mr. Trump’s approach possesses a powerful political logic: The frazzled, anxious working-class men and women who voted for him like Social Security, Medicare and defense. Other government spending, not so much. Notably, there is little political cost for Mr. Trump — in fact, potential benefit — in going after means-tested programs for the poor. These programs appeal to two constituencies that working-class voters show little affinity for: the poor and urban liberal elites who can express enormous sympathy for the disenfranchised while ignoring the struggle of the white working class. While Mr. Trump is not the first Republican to propose cutting anti-poverty programs to pay for tax cuts, his bluntness breaks, at least rhetorically, with a Republican establishment that insists it cares about poverty. His political calculation could, paradoxically, protect Social Security and Medicare, entitlements that the Republican Party has tried so hard to rein in. But in areas as diverse as food stamps and housing assistance, education for the disadvantaged and Head Start, it could further fray the rest of America’s threadbare social safety net. In “White Working Class: Overcoming Class Cluelessness in America,” due out in May from Harvard Business Review Press, Joan C. Williams argues that white workers’ resentment of the safety net should not be surprising: They get next to no benefit from it. Ms. Williams, a professor at the University of California Hastings College of the Law, writes that these struggling workers resent not only the poor beneficiaries of the government’s largess but also the liberal policy makers who seem to believe that only the poor are deserving of help. And they bristle at the perceived condescension of a liberal elite that seems to blame them for their failure to acquire the necessary skills to rise to the professional class. By contrast, they see themselves as hard-working citizens who struggle to make ends meet, only to be left out of many of the government programs their taxes pay for. Email: eporter@nytimes.com; Twitter: @portereduardo
DAVID M c NEW/REUTERS
Over all, 61 percent of poor Americans draw from one means-tested benefit program or another, according to an analysis by the Census Bureau. But among families with incomes above the poverty line — many of which are barely better off,
A nod to voters who strongly backed the president. making just over $24,000 for a family of four — only 13 percent do. Struggling middle-income families may not understand that welfare programs are so meager that the poor hardly get any help. But they can directly understand that they missed out on the earned-income tax credit because their family income hit $50,000. It is not surprising that harried working mothers resent
that 30 percent of low-income families using center-based child care receive some form of subsidy while middle-income families get next to nothing. “All they see is their stressedout daily lives, and they resent subsidies and sympathy available to the poor,” Professor Williams wrote. President Barack Obama’s signature legislation, the Affordable Care Act — the most significant expansion of the safety net since the War on Poverty in the 1960s — has unsurprisingly bred class resentment, too. Many disgruntled workers see it as another program for poor people that just pushed up their own premiums, offering little of benefit. The working-class whites who turned out so enthusiastically for Mr. Trump include people like Lee Sherman, 82, from Louisiana, living precariously on Social Security after a life of hard and dangerous work fitting pipes, and exposed to all manner of toxic chemicals, at a petrochemical plant. Aversion to the safety net is
built into his moral view of the world. “He knew liberal Democrats wanted him to care more about welfare recipients,” wrote the sociologist Arlie Russell Hochschild, who portrayed Mr. Sherman in her book “Strangers in Their Own Land: Anger and Mourning on the American Right” (The New Press). “But he didn’t want their P.C. rules telling him who to feel sorry for.” To people like Mr. Sherman, government benefits tied to work, like Social Security and unemployment insurance, are legitimate rewards for one’s effort. Welfare recipients, by contrast, just “lazed around days and partied at nights,” he told Professor Hochschild. Racial mistrust is never far from the surface: Only 13 percent of non-Hispanic whites draw benefits from means-tested programs, according to the Census Bureau analysis, compared with 42 percent of African-Americans and 36 percent of Hispanics. So while most beneficiaries of welfare programs are white, many working-class whites
perceive them as schemes to hand their tax dollars to minorities. Mr. Trump’s agenda serves both race and class resentment: Whites are twice as likely as blacks to prefer a smaller government, according to a Pew Research Center survey. Among middle-income Americans, 56 percent would like the government to be smaller and offer fewer services, while among the poor, only 38 percent would like the government to shrink. It is the middle-income whites whom Mr. Trump has promised to serve. These resentments are hard to swallow on the left of the political spectrum. Since the 1960s, at least, liberal activists have held to the belief that a grand progressive alliance was possible: working men and women, the poor, immigrants, racial and other minorities coming together in a coalition to counter conservatives and their corporate allies. November’s election — when whites without a college degree voted for Mr. Trump over Hillary
Clinton by 39 percentage points — pretty much drove a stake into those hopes. But could they be revived? As the president takes an ax to much of the government, the pressing question for liberals is whether a coalition can be built to protect the meager social safety net that remains. Could they draw back in the white working-class voters who rejected them so soundly in November? These voters care less about gender rights and minorities. They may not share liberal views on abortion rights. They are unlikely to support a safety net that allows a poor woman to stay at home while offering nothing to a hard-working couple tag-teaming day and night shifts to care for their children. But, Professor Williams notes, the liberal goal can’t be saved without them: “If America’s policy makers better understood white working-class anger against the social safety net, they might have a shot at creating programs that don’t get gutted in this way.”
THE NEW YORK TIMES BUSINESS WEDNESDAY, MARCH 8, 2017
B7
N
MARKET GAUGES S.&P. D 500
DOW D INDUSTRIALS
2,368.39 –6.92
NASDAQ D COMPOSITE
20,924.76 –29.58
Standard & Poor’s 500-Stock Index
+15%
2,400
+10%
CRUDE OIL D
2.52% +0.03
10-YEAR TREASURY YIELD U
Nasdaq Composite Index
3-MONTH TREND
2,500
5,833.93 –15.25
THE D EURO
$1,215.10 –$9.40
Dow Jones Industrial Average
3-MONTH TREND
6,000
GOLD D (N.Y.)
$53.14 –$0.06
$1.0569 –$0.0010
3-MONTH TREND
+15%
22,000
+15%
+10%
21,000
+10%
+ 5%
20,000
+ 5%
0%
19,000
0%
5,800 5,600
2,300
+ 5% 5,400
2,200 0%
Dec.
Jan.
5,200
Feb.
Dec.
Jan.
Feb.
Dec.
Jan.
Feb.
When the index follows a white line, it is changing at a constant pace; when it moves into a lighter band, the rate of change is faster.
STOCK MARKET INDEXES Index
Close
MOST ACTIVE, GAINERS AND LOSERS % Chg
Chg
52-Wk % Chg
YTD % Chg
Index
DOW JONES
Close
% Chg
Chg
52-Wk % Chg
YTD % Chg
Stock (TICKER)
NASDAQ
Industrials Transportation Utilities Composite
20924.76 9317.04 695.94 7247.90
◊ 29.58 ◊ 0.14 + ◊ 103.24 ◊ 1.10 + ◊ 0.55 ◊ 0.08 + ◊ 29.13 ◊ 0.40 +
22.55 21.22 9.32 19.85
+ + + +
5.88 3.02 5.51 5.00
1051.92 2368.39 1718.53 837.26
◊ ◊ ◊ ◊
2.09 6.92 9.88 6.07
◊ ◊ ◊ ◊
0.20 0.29 0.57 0.72
+ + + +
18.52 18.32 22.27 24.63
+ + + ◊
6.10 5.79 3.49 0.08
11506.32 8080.67 10892.03 7340.72 12719.32
◊ ◊ ◊ ◊ ◊
41.47 14.63 79.54 19.43 78.18
◊ ◊ ◊ ◊ ◊
0.36 0.18 0.73 0.26 0.61
+ + + + +
14.99 10.62 12.09 25.41 7.59
+ + ◊ + +
4.06 3.88 5.32 5.45 6.82
Nasdaq 100 Composite Industrials Banks Insurance Other Finance Telecommunications Computer
STANDARD AND POOR’S
100 Stocks 500 Stocks Mid-Cap 400 Small-Cap 600
NYSE Comp. Tech/Media/Telecom Energy Financial Healthcare
5351.28 5833.93 4752.10 3876.33 8400.72 6739.02 310.14 3233.17
◊ ◊ ◊ ◊ ◊ ◊ ◊ +
9.03 15.25 12.93 16.60 6.45 11.95 1.37 5.54
◊ ◊ ◊ ◊ ◊ ◊ ◊ +
0.17 0.26 0.27 0.43 0.08 0.18 0.44 0.17
+ + + + + + + +
24.35 23.91 20.60 44.66 18.05 25.45 23.13 30.29
+ + + + + + + +
10.03 8.37 6.91 0.62 0.57 4.19 7.58 10.51
% Chg
Chg
Volume (100)
Stock (TICKER)
2438.91 24638.00 5402.58 1374.88 79.16 976.85 96.75 172.14
◊ 4.94 ◊ 0.20 + ◊ 89.58 ◊ 0.36 + ◊ 31.06 ◊ 0.57 + ◊ 9.37 ◊ 0.68 + ◊ 0.72 ◊ 0.90 + + 2.67 + 0.27 + ◊ 0.33 ◊ 0.34 + ◊ 2.39 ◊ 1.37 +
9.65 19.26 21.55 25.66 14.82 49.67 48.28 2.61
+ + + + + + + ◊
5.67 5.17 2.67 1.31 0.38 7.76 5.40 6.34
Close
% Chg
Chg
Volume (100)
Stock (TICKER)
20 TOP GAINERS 6.63 13.05 21.44 25.21 12.58 7.10 11.71 5.01 29.86 5.26 33.99 12.46 48.08 25.74 35.80 11.66 34.20 25.64 8.30 12.69
Weatherford (WFT) AMD (AMD) Snp (SNAP) Bank of Ameri (BAC) Nimble Stora (NMBL) Aurinia Phar (AUPH) Valeant Pharm (VRX) Rite Aid (RAD) GE (GE) Chesapeake En (CHK) Pfizer (PFE) Ford Motor (F) Dicks Sportin (DKS) MGM Resorts I (MGM) Intel (INTC) Pandora Media (P) Cisco System (CSCO) Micron Tech (MU) Sprint Corp (S) Freeport Mcmo (FCX)
OTHER INDEXES
American Exch Wilshire 5000 Value Line Arith Russell 2000 Phila Gold & Silver Phila Semiconductor KBW Bank Phila Oil Service
NEW YORK STOCK EXCHANGE
Close
20 MOST ACTIVE +0.74 +0.01 ◊2.33 ◊0.04 +3.98 +1.74 ◊0.70 ◊0.22 ◊0.14 ◊0.09 ◊0.36 ◊0.06 ◊4.53 ◊0.81 +0.23 ◊0.81 +0.01 ◊0.07 ◊0.48 ◊0.21
+12.6 +0.1 ◊9.8 ◊0.2 +46.3 +32.5 ◊5.6 ◊4.2 ◊0.5 ◊1.7 ◊1.0 ◊0.5 ◊8.6 ◊3.1 +0.6 ◊6.5 +0.0 ◊0.3 ◊5.5 ◊1.6
1071628 765103 717915 638758 507912 492705 370923 324554 299636 288832 285194 258319 251815 234909 234238 209344 207972 202688 194680 191536
% Chg
Close
Chg
15.41 8.94 26.40 12.50 40.29 75.25 104.01 21.44 7.25 13.99 8.94 7.01 8.77 48.08 27.08 20.41 11.50 27.11 7.10 5.46
◊3.18 ◊1.31 ◊3.35 ◊1.50 ◊4.54 ◊8.30 ◊11.41 ◊2.33 ◊0.76 ◊1.46 ◊0.92 ◊0.68 ◊0.83 ◊4.53 ◊2.52 ◊1.89 ◊1.00 ◊2.34 ◊0.60 ◊0.46
Volume (100)
20 TOP LOSERS 12.58 7.10 9.55 5.89 6.00 32.71 6.63 38.05 5.57 20.65 8.77 10.47 9.00 6.15 14.77 6.78 34.20 55.85 15.23 9.10
Nimble Stora (NMBL) Aurinia Phar (AUPH) Kura Oncolog (KURA) MeetMe (MEET) Qualstar (QBAK) LGI Homes (LGIH) Weatherford (WFT) Glb Bras and (BRSS) Genocea (GNCA) Astoria Fin (AF) Leap (LPTX) Pure Storage (PSTG) TAT Technolo (TATT) Hydrogenics (HYGS) Shiloh Ind (SHLO) Catalyst Bio (CBIO) Foundation (FMI) Calavo Growe (CVGW) Energous (WATT) Impax Labs (IPXL)
+3.98 +1.74 +2.25 +0.82 +0.76 +3.70 +0.74 +4.20 +0.59 +2.17 +0.92 +1.07 +0.90 +0.55 +1.30 +0.59 +2.90 +4.65 +1.18 +0.70
+46.3 +32.5 +30.8 +16.2 +14.5 +12.8 +12.6 +12.4 +11.8 +11.7 +11.7 +11.4 +11.1 +9.8 +9.7 +9.5 +9.3 +9.1 +8.4 +8.3
IDT Corp (IDT) Akebia (AKBA) Supernus Pha (SUPN) Atlantic (AAPC) Loxo Oncolog (LOXO) Analogic (ALOG) Thor Industri (THO) Snp (SNAP) GNC Hldg (GNC) Tellurian (TELL) Community Hea (CYH) Amicus (FOLD) Advaxis (ADXS) Dicks Sportin (DKS) Willdan Grou (WLDN) Stone Energy (SGY) AC Immune (ACIU) Acceleron (XLRN) Hudbay (HBM) Fluidigm (FLDM)
507912 492740 2825 162638 1219 29727 1071628 4807 4906 175870 2590 94897 382 591 1886 458 15779 8929 6681 77129
◊17.1 ◊12.8 ◊11.3 ◊10.7 ◊10.1 ◊9.9 ◊9.9 ◊9.8 ◊9.5 ◊9.4 ◊9.3 ◊8.8 ◊8.6 ◊8.6 ◊8.5 ◊8.5 ◊8.0 ◊7.9 ◊7.8 ◊7.8
8451 13300 29467 164 5055 5400 40244 717915 72742 32394 58541 38121 15537 251815 1917 4716 1201 4268 9850 1093
S&P 100 STOCKS Stock (TICKER)
52-Week Price Range 1-Day 1-Yr YTD Low Close (•) High Close Chg %Chg % Chg
Stock (TICKER)
52-Week Price Range 1-Day 1-Yr YTD Low Close (•) High Close Chg %Chg % Chg
Stock (TICKER)
52-Week Price Range 1-Day 1-Yr YTD Low Close (•) High Close Chg %Chg % Chg
Apple (AAPL) AbbVie (ABBV) Abbott (ABT) Accenture (ACN) Allergan (AGN) AIG (AIG) Allstate (ALL) Amgen (AMGN) Amazon.com (AMZN) American E (AXP) Boeing (BA) Bank of Am (BAC) Biogen (BIIB) BONY Mello (BK) BlackRock (BLK) Bristol-My (BMY) Berkshire (BRKb) Citigroup (C) Caterpilla (CAT) Celgene (CELG) Colgate (CL) Comcast (CMCSA) Capital On (COF) ConocoPhil (COP) Costco Who (COST) Cisco Syst (CSCO)
89.47 54.41 36.76 101.36 184.50 48.41 63.73 133.64 538.58 57.15 120.57 12.05 223.02 35.44 316.75 46.01 136.65 38.31 69.04 94.39 63.43 29.02 58.03 38.19 138.57 25.81
139.52 63.69 45.00 124.14 239.60 63.45 81.46 177.38 846.02 79.58 182.02 25.21 291.10 47.67 385.35 56.33 175.30 60.50 95.93 122.08 73.72 37.42 92.82 47.72 167.00 34.20
CVS Health (CVS) Chevron (CVX) Du Pont (DD) Danaher (DHR) Walt Disne (DIS) Dow (DOW) Duke Energ (DUK) Emerson El (EMR) Exelon (EXC) Ford Motor (F) Facebook (FB) FedEx (FDX) Twenty-Fir (FOX) Twenty-Fir (FOXA) General Dy (GD) GE (GE) Gilead Sci (GILD) GM (GM) Alphabet (GOOG) Alphabet (GOOGL) Goldman Sa (GS) Halliburto (HAL) Home Depot (HD) Honeywell (HON) IBM (IBM) Intel (INTC)
69.30 87.55 61.12 75.71 90.32 47.51 72.34 48.45 29.82 11.07 104.40 139.58 23.88 23.33 127.74 28.19 65.38 27.34 663.28 672.66 138.20 33.26 119.20 105.25 136.87 29.50
80.81 111.81 79.39 86.07 110.86 63.15 81.69 60.22 36.13 12.46 137.30 192.91 30.11 30.52 191.47 29.86 69.02 37.52 831.91 851.15 250.90 52.97 146.02 126.26 180.38 35.80
Johnson&Jo (JNJ) JPMorgan (JPM) Kinder Mor (KMI) Kraft Hein (KHC) Coca-Cola (KO) Eli Lilly (LLY) Lockheed (LMT) Lowes (LOW) Mastercard (MA) McDonalds (MCD) Mondelez I (MDLZ) Medtronic (MDT) MetLife (MET) 3M (MMM) Altria Gro (MO) Monsanto (MON) Merck & Co (MRK) Morgan Sta (MS) Microsoft (MSFT) NextEra (NEE) Nike (NKE) Oracle (ORCL) Occidental (OXY) Priceline (PCLN) PepsiCo (PEP) Pfizer (PFE)
105.49 57.05 16.63 75.55 39.88 64.18 210.90 64.87 85.93 110.33 39.21 69.35 36.17 158.17 59.48 84.79 51.33 23.11 48.04 110.49 49.01 37.51 64.19 1148 98.50 28.74
140.28 68.12 45.84 125.72 299.11 67.47 83.05 180.53 860.86 82.00 185.71 25.80 333.65 49.54 399.46 77.12 177.86 61.94 99.46 127.00 75.38 38.44 96.92 53.17 178.71 34.53
+ + ◊ + ◊ ◊ + ◊ ◊ + + ◊ ◊ ◊ ◊ ◊ ◊ + + ◊ ◊ ◊ ◊ ◊ + +
0.18 0.14 0.13 0.90 2.76 0.33 0.12 2.08 0.59 0.08 1.09 0.04 4.56 0.23 2.31 0.64 0.10 0.22 0.27 1.44 0.07 0.02 0.18 0.60 0.27 0.01
+ + + + ◊ + + + + + + + + + + ◊ + + + + + + + + + +
36.96 12.93 14.85 21.23 16.92 20.49 25.27 20.41 50.32 34.88 48.10 86.33 17.26 24.89 17.94 15.28 26.37 41.99 28.30 17.10 9.10 26.93 33.52 15.27 12.71 26.01
+ + + + + ◊ + + + + + + + + + ◊ + + + + + + + ◊ + +
20.5 1.7 17.2 6.0 14.1 2.9 9.9 21.3 12.8 7.4 16.9 14.1 11.4 0.6 1.3 3.6 7.6 1.8 3.4 5.5 12.7 8.4 6.4 4.8 4.3 13.2
106.67 119.00 80.66 102.79 111.99 64.36 87.75 64.36 37.70 14.22 138.37 201.57 31.30 31.75 193.17 33.00 103.10 38.55 841.95 867.00 255.15 58.78 148.26 127.41 182.79 38.45
◊ ◊ ◊ ◊ + ◊ ◊ ◊ + ◊ ◊ ◊ ◊ ◊ + ◊ ◊ ◊ + + ◊ ◊ ◊ + ◊ +
0.04 1.36 0.42 0.02 0.19 0.36 0.18 0.11 0.06 0.06 0.12 1.04 0.09 0.17 0.53 0.14 1.10 0.39 4.13 3.88 1.11 0.83 1.11 0.18 0.09 0.23
◊ + + + + + + + + ◊ + + + + + ◊ ◊ + + + + + + + +
17.89 23.32 22.69 25.84 11.54 26.91 7.13 16.01 6.52 8.52 29.86 32.97 7.04 9.39 44.69 1.42 23.01 18.77 N.A. 19.41 61.51 47.80 15.73 18.16 28.70 15.71
+ ◊ + + + + + + + + + + + + + ◊ ◊ + + + ◊ + + + ◊
2.4 5.0 8.2 10.6 6.4 10.4 5.2 8.0 1.8 2.7 19.3 3.6 10.5 8.8 10.9 5.5 3.6 7.7 N.A. 7.4 4.8 2.1 8.9 9.0 8.7 1.3
123.83 91.41 21.63 90.80 41.99 82.74 269.04 80.84 110.96 128.07 43.23 81.40 53.35 189.09 76.10 115.06 65.96 46.33 64.40 130.65 56.55 42.60 64.70 1736 109.32 33.99
126.07 93.98 23.36 97.77 47.13 84.28 270.00 83.65 112.92 131.96 46.40 89.27 58.09 190.54 76.30 116.04 66.80 47.17 65.91 131.98 65.44 43.26 78.48 1748 110.94 37.39
+ ◊ ◊ ◊ ◊ ◊ + ◊ ◊ + ◊ ◊ ◊ + + + ◊ ◊ + + ◊ + ◊ + ◊ ◊
0.12 0.51 0.13 0.36 0.19 1.09 1.32 0.18 0.40 0.04 0.42 0.14 0.58 0.19 0.52 0.41 0.51 0.24 0.13 0.01 0.22 0.03 0.03 6.25 0.31 0.36
+ + + + ◊ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + ◊ + ◊ + + +
16.01 52.50 15.11 18.69 4.59 12.72 24.65 14.23 25.66 9.32 3.59 7.09 24.50 17.76 23.12 30.04 25.30 77.58 26.20 14.15 4.56 11.05 8.03 34.46 10.15 14.10
+ + + + + + + + + + ◊ + ◊ + + + + + + + + + ◊ + + +
7.5 5.9 4.4 4.0 1.3 12.5 7.6 13.7 7.5 5.2 2.5 14.3 1.0 5.9 12.5 9.4 12.0 9.7 3.6 9.4 11.3 10.8 9.2 18.4 4.5 4.7
Stock (TICKER)
52-Week Price Range 1-Day 1-Yr YTD Low Close (•) High Close Chg %Chg % Chg
Procter Ga (PG) PMI (PM) PayPal Hld (PYPL) Qualcomm (QCOM) Raytheon (RTN) Starbucks (SBUX) Schlumberg (SLB) Southern C (SO) Simon Prop (SPG) AT&T (T) Target (TGT) Time Warne (TWX) Texas Inst (TXN) UnitedHeal (UNH) Union Paci (UNP) United Par (UPS) US Bancorp (USB) UTC (UTX) Visa (V) Verizon (VZ) Walgreens (WBA) WalMart (WMT) Wells Farg (WFC) Exxon Mobi (XOM)
79.10 86.78 34.00 49.67 120.24 50.84 71.34 46.20 173.11 36.10 55.05 67.85 54.42 120.41 77.29 98.85 38.48 95.05 69.58 46.01 75.74 62.72 43.55 80.76
91.89 110.64 44.52 71.62 156.40 61.64 87.84 54.64 229.10 43.89 84.14 99.29 80.37 169.36 111.38 120.44 56.61 114.44 89.30 56.95 88.00 75.19 59.99 95.55
90.29 110.55 42.89 56.73 154.48 56.20 79.95 50.40 177.29 41.88 55.14 98.24 79.12 168.30 108.36 105.64 55.03 112.28 89.06 49.44 85.99 69.87 58.30 82.52
◊ + + + + ◊ ◊ + ◊ ◊ ◊ + + ◊ ◊ ◊ ◊ + + ◊ + ◊ ◊ ◊
0.08 0.82 0.02 0.28 1.16 0.48 0.77 0.16 1.51 0.08 0.96 0.15 0.81 0.40 1.07 0.46 0.26 0.62 0.12 0.59 0.11 0.01 0.31 0.31
+ + + + + ◊ + + ◊ + ◊ + + + + + + + + ◊ + + + ◊
8.65 17.73 10.03 6.44 26.11 3.10 4.98 3.94 11.20 9.83 31.77 41.21 42.58 38.22 33.04 4.28 34.98 15.85 23.80 5.31 8.64 2.92 16.44 2.30
+ + + ◊ + + ◊ + ◊ ◊ ◊ + + + + ◊ + + + ◊ + + + ◊
7.4 20.8 8.7 13.0 8.8 1.2 4.8 2.5 0.2 1.5 23.7 1.8 8.4 5.2 4.5 7.9 7.1 2.4 14.2 7.4 3.9 1.1 5.8 8.6
– indicates stocks Prices shown are for regular trading for the New York Stock Exchange and the American Stock Exchange which runs from 9:30 a.m., Eastern time, through the close of the Pacific Exchange, at 4:30 p.m. For the Nasdaq stock market, it is through 4 p.m. Close Last trade of the day in regular trading. + · or · that reached a new 52-week high or low. Change Difference between last trade and previous day’s price in regular trading. „ or ‰ indicates stocks that rose or fell at least 4 percent. ” indicates stocks that traded 1 percent or more of their outstanding shares. n Stock was a new issue in the last year.
GOVERNMENT BONDS
FINRA TRACE CORPORATE BOND DATA Yields
52-Week Total Returns
FINRA-BLOOMBERG CORPORATE BOND INDEXES
FINRA-BLOOMBERG CORPORATE BOND INDEXES
10%
+20%
high yield +5.90%
8
+15
6
+10
4
high yield +18.65%
0
0 2016
invest. grade +3.80% ’17
– 5
invest. grade +4.27% ’17
2016
Yest.
All Investment High Issues Grade Yield
+ 5
2
Yield Curve
Market Breadth
Total Issues Traded Advances Declines Unchanged 52 Week High 52 Week Low Dollar Volume*
8,109 2,576 5,045 134 212 323 32,272
5,643 1,802 3,625 47 61 238 20,829
Conv
2,241 683 1,300 81 143 83 10,451
225 91 120 6 8 2 991
End of day data. Activity as reported to FINRA TRACE. Market breadth represents activity in all TRACE eligible publicly traded securities. Shown below are the most active fixed-coupon bonds ranked by par value traded. Investment grade or high-yield is determined using credit ratings as outlined in FINRA rules. “C” – Yield is unavailable because of issue’s call criteria. *Par value in millions. Source: FINRA TRACE data. Reference information from Reuters DataScope Data. Credit ratings from Moody’s®, Standard & Poor’s and Fitch.
Most Recent Issues
Key Rates
1-mo. ago
1-yr. ago
4%
10-year Treas. 2-year Treas.
5%
Prime Rate Fed Funds
Mat.
4
3
3
2
BONDS & 2-yr. Feb 5-yr. Feb 10-yr. Feb 30-yr. Feb
2
1
1 Maturity
0 3
6
2
5 10
Months
Date
Rate
T-BILLS 3-mo. Jun 17 6-mo. Sep 17
2016
’17
Years
Issuer Name (SYMBOL)
Credit Rating Moody’s S&P
Coupon%
Maturity
4.041 3.262 3.150 5.650 3.050 6.875 4.125 3.250 7.250 3.650
Mar’28 Mar’23 Oct’26 May’18 Mar’22 Apr’18 Jun’47 Jun’27 Feb’18 Feb’26
NR NR Baa2 Baa1 NR Baa1 NR NR A3 A3
3.150 6.875 5.125 6.750 7.750 6.250 7.500 4.850 11.000 8.125
Apr’22 Feb’22 Aug’18 Jun’23 Jun’21 Apr’21 Sep’21 Apr’47 Sep’25 Apr’22
NR Caa1 Ba3 Caa1 Ca Ba3 B3 NR B1 Caa1
1.625 5.875 2.000 2.125 1.625 4.000 5.250 1.500 3.250 2.000
Feb’25 Jul’21 Jun’22 Jan’23 Nov’19 Jan’23 Dec’21 Mar’19 Aug’39 Aug’19
NR NR NR NR NR
Fitch
Price High
Low
Last
Chg
Yld%
100.286 100.250 91.875 104.539 101.375 106.128 99.077 101.934 105.187 102.338
99.686 99.794 90.170 103.610 99.660 105.289 97.982 99.496 104.853 99.762
99.886 99.840 90.577 104.266 99.674 106.128 97.982 99.813 104.977 100.118
–0.286 –0.348 –0.386 –0.064 –0.308 0.553 –1.044 –0.081 –0.001 –0.532
N.A. N.A. 4.366 1.854 N.A. 1.366 N.A. N.A. 1.603 3.634
101.185 88.250 101.521 98.500 63.000 103.420 106.025 101.098 99.397 104.281
99.794 86.250 101.281 97.250 57.429 103.380 106.025 99.839 96.003 103.000
100.012 86.500 101.425 97.500 61.500 103.420 106.025 99.980 97.375 103.000
100.012 –1.250 0.300 –1.000 4.375 0.020 1.525 99.980 –0.125 –1.500
N.A. 10.468 N.A. 7.251 22.253 4.373 2.942 N.A. 11.491 7.401
145.729 132.014 75.000 91.691 89.375 82.000 212.901 100.450 173.970 96.645
142.000 128.125 71.000 88.205 88.555 81.000 212.661 98.000 172.010 93.000
145.000 128.875 73.500 91.566 88.750 81.000 212.901 100.400 173.894 94.625
0.902 11.175 0.000 4.816 –0.625 –0.500 31.263 0.050 0.898 –2.530
–3.294 –0.713 N.A. 3.744 6.314 8.147 –11.868 1.298 –0.036 4.354
INVESTMENT GRADE
Hsbc Hldgs Plc (HBC) Hsbc Hldgs Plc (HBC) Teva Pharmaceutical Fin Neth Iii B V (TEVA) Bank of America Corporation (BAC.HDV) Capital One Finl Corp (COF) Merrill Lynch & Co Inc Medium Term Nts B (BAC.HSC) Burlington Northn Santa Fe Llc (BRK) Burlington Northn Santa Fe Llc (BRK) Bear Stearns Cos Inc (JPM.MID) Anheuser-busch Inbev Fin Inc (BUD)
A A BBB BBB+ BBB BBB+ A A A– A–
AA– AA– BBB A A– A A+ BBB
HIGH YIELD
Great Plains Energy Inc (GXP) Chs / Cmnty Health Sys Inc (CYH) Chs / Cmnty Health Sys Inc (CYH) Tenet Healthcare Corp (THC) Intelsat Luxembourg S A (I) T-mobile Usa Inc (DTEGF) Beazer Homes Usa Inc (BZH) Great Plains Energy Inc (GXP) Frontier Communications Corp (FTR) Tenet Healthcare Corp (THC)
Microchip Technology Inc (MCHP) Weatherford Intl Ltd (WFT) Impax Laboratories Inc (IPXL) Theravance Inc (THRX) Solarcity Corp (TSLA) Sunpower Corp (TOT) Lexicon Pharmaceuticals Inc (LXRX) Vipshop Hldgs Ltd (VIPS) Intel Corp (INTC.GE) Herbalife Ltd (HLF)
CONSUMER RATES
CCC+ BB– CCC+ D BB B–
B BB– B– NR NR B–
B+ CCC+
BB– B–
B+ B B+ NR
NR
NR NR NR A NR
NR NR NR A NR
NR A2 NR
ECONOMIC INDICATORS
Yesterday
Foreign Currency in Dollars AMERICAS Argentina (Peso) Bolivia (Boliviano) Brazil (Real) Canada (Dollar) Chile (Peso) Colombia (Peso) Dom. Rep. (Peso) El Salvador (Colon) Guatemala (Quetzal) Honduras (Lempira) Mexico (Peso) Nicaragua (Cordoba) Paraguay (Guarani) Peru (New Sol) Uruguay (New Peso) Venezuela (Bolivar) EUROPE Britain (Pound) Czech Rep (Koruna) Denmark (Krone) Europe (Euro) Hungary (Forint)
Tuesday Friday
Year Ago
0.66% 3.75 3.23 4.16 4.11 4.61 3.25 3.61 3.21
0.36% 3.50 2.78 3.68 3.68 4.00 3.12 3.86 2.80
4.64% 4.53 4.24 4.22
0.30% 0.25 0.38 0.61 0.77 1.39
3
4
5
6
7
8
9 10
5-YEAR HISTORY
Industrial Production
+4%
Change from previous year
Jan. ’17 Dec. ’16
.0643 .1456 .3208 .7455 .0015 .0003 .0213 .1149 .1356 .0425 .0514 .0342 .0002 .3050 .0353 .1003
1.2203 .0391 .1422 1.0569 .0034
Dollars in Foreign Currency
15.5475 6.8700 3.1170 1.3414 658.45 2946.7 47.0200 8.7046 7.3730 23.5200 19.4720 29.2500 5400.3 3.2785 28.3200 9.9750
.8195 25.5600 7.0311 .9462 293.25
+0.0% +0.7
Future Corn Soybeans Wheat Live Cattle Hogs-Lean Cocoa Coffee Sugar-World
Monetary units per Exchange quantity CBT CBT CBT
Foreign Currency in Dollars
0.75 0.85
+0.03 +0.02
0.73 0.84
99.60 99.17 97.66 97.72
99.61 99.18 97.67 97.73
–0.05 –0.16 –0.20 –0.33
1.31 2.02 2.49 3.10
100.95 –0.09 -0.11 99.00 –0.19 0.47 121.78 –0.22 0.60 96.61 –0.51 1.00 Source: Thomson Reuters
One Dollar in Euros 1.00 euros
$1 = 0.9462
0.95 0.90 0.85 0.80 ’17
2016 Norway (Krone) Poland (Zloty) Russia (Ruble) Sweden (Krona) Switzerland (Franc) Turkey (Lira)
.1184 .2456 .0172 .1111 .9876 .2719
8.4467 4.0720 58.1454 9.0037 1.0126 3.6784
Dollars in Foreign Currency
ASIA/PACIFIC Australia (Dollar) China (Yuan) Hong Kong (Dollar) India (Rupee) Japan (Yen) Malaysia (Ringgit) New Zealand (Dollar) Pakistan (Rupee) Philippines (Peso) Singapore (Dollar) So. Korea (Won) Taiwan (Dollar) Thailand (Baht) Vietnam (Dong)
.7588 .1449 .1288 .0150 .0088 .2250 .6957 .0096 .0199 .7089 .0009 .0323 .0285 .00004
1.3179 6.9000 7.7641 66.6150 113.98 4.4450 1.4374 104.70 50.3000 1.4106 1149.4 30.9230 35.1300 22800
MIDDLE EAST/AFRICA Bahrain (Dinar) Egypt (Pound) Iran (Rial) Israel (Shekel) Jordan (Dinar) Kenya (Shilling) Kuwait (Dinar)
2.6578 .0573 .00003 .2723 1.4122 .0098 3.2723
.3762 17.4500 32412 3.6722 .7081 102.50 .3056
CME CME NYBOT NYBOT NYBOT COMX COMX COMX NYMX NYMX NYMX
Lifetime High Low
Date
Open
Settle
Change
Open Interest
455.00 325.00 1135.50 869.00 649.75 392.75 132.25 97.25 72.70 55.05 3337.00 1881.00 230.00 121.80 23.10 12.05
Mar Mar Mar Apr Apr Mar Mar Apr
17 17 17 17 17 17 17 17
373.00 373.75 367.50 369.50 1026.75 1027.00 1012.00 1014.75 440.00 440.00 432.00 436.00 115.53 115.93 114.90 115.35 67.40 68.40 66.95 68.05 1989.00 1989.00 1989.00 1950.00 139.75 139.75 138.90 139.00 19.15 19.15 18.36 18.40
◊ 3.25 ◊ 12.00 ◊ 2.25 ◊ 0.20 + 0.88 ◊ 18.00 ◊ 0.65 ◊ 0.75
8,066 4,931 411 114,737 73,847 2 162 308,586
$/oz $/oz $/lb $/bbl $/gal $/mil.btu
1263.10 1148.10 21.07 14.26 2.82 1.98 89.96 39.41 2.69 1.10 6.10 2.31
Mar Mar Mar Apr Mar Mar
17 17 17 17 17 17
1224.30 1225.40 1213.70 1215.10 17.72 17.72 17.47 17.49 2.65 2.65 2.60 2.61 53.17 53.80 52.71 53.14 1.61 1.64 1.60 1.61 2.87 2.89 2.82 2.82
◊ ◊ ◊ ◊ + ◊
57 2,265 3,172 439,860 98,665 257,878
Feb. ’17 Jan. ’17 4
5
6
7
8
114.8 111.6
9 10
% Total Returns
120
40
’12
’17 2.0
Monthly Seasonally adjusted
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
1.35 1.38
1.0
’12
’16
9 10
Leading Indicators
3.90% 3.15
+8%
Change from previous year 0% 1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9 10
0.21% 0.27 0.35 0.55 0.74 1.51
*Credit ratings: good, FICO score 660-749; excellent, FICO score 750-850.
Jan. ’17 Dec. ’16
+2.5% +1.6
105 100 95 ’17
Lebanon (Pound) Saudi Arabia (Riyal) So. Africa (Rand) U.A.E (Dirham)
.0007 .2667 .0771 .2723
0
’12
’17
New Home Sales
Prices as of 4:45 p.m. Eastern Time. Source: Thomson Reuters
High
Low
9.40 0.23 0.03 0.06 0.01 0.08
Crude Oil $60
$53.14 a barrel
55 50 45 40 35 2016
1.0
Type
YTD
1 Yr
Vanguard Short-Term Investment-Grade A(VFSUX) Vanguard Interm-Term Investment-Grde A(VFIDX) BlackRock Strategic Income Opps Instl(BSIIX) Vanguard High-Yield Corporate Adm(VWEAX) Vanguard Short-Term Bond Index Adm(VBIRX) American Funds American High-Inc A(AHITX) Fidelity Capital & Income(FAGIX) Vanguard Long-Term Investment-Grade Ad(VWETX) Loomis Sayles Bond Instl(LSBDX) BlackRock High Yield Bond Instl(BHYIX) PIMCO High Yield Instl(PHIYX) T. Rowe Price High Yield(PRHYX) Fidelity Strategic Income(FSICX) American Funds Interm Bd Fd of Amer A(AIBAX) Fidelity Floating Rate High Income(FFRHX) Vanguard Short-Term Treasury Adm(VFIRX) JPMorgan High Yield Select(OHYFX) T. Rowe Price Spectrum Income(RPSIX) Federated Instl High Yield Bond Instl(FIHBX) Fidelity Short-Term Bond(FSHBX) Osterweis Strategic Income(OSTIX) Lord Abbett Floating Rate F(LFRFX) FPA New Income(FPNIX) Average performance for all such funds Number of funds for period
% Total Returns
Exp. Assets
5 Yr* Ratio
(mil.$)
LARGEST FUNDS
Fund Name (TICKER)
Type
YTD
1 Yr
Exp. Assets
5 Yr* Ratio
Source: Bankrate.com
0.56 0.54
0.0
’12
’17
(mil.$)
LEADERS CS TW NT HY CS HY HY TW MU HY HY HY MU CS BL GS HY MU HY CS HY BL NT
+0.5 +0.6 +1.5 +2.1 +0.1 +2.4 +4.1 +0.3 +3.0 +2.4 +2.1 +2.4 +2.0 * +1.2 * +2.2 +1.6 +2.5 +0.2 +1.2 +1.2 +0.3
+2.7 +3.2 +6.1 +12.0 +0.7 +17.7 +16.1 +5.2 +11.5 +15.5 +12.9 +15.9 +9.5 +0.5 +11.4 +0.5 +15.2 +8.1 +15.3 +1.3 +13.5 +10.9 +2.4
+2.1 +3.3 +3.7 +6.2 +1.1 +5.2 +7.8 +5.1 +4.7 +7.0 +6.2 +6.7 +4.1 +0.9 +3.7 +0.6 +6.0 +4.2 +7.0 +1.1 +4.9 +5.0 +1.3
+1.3 516
+8.3 516
+3.5 505
0.10 0.10 0.61 0.13 0.07 0.71 0.74 0.11 0.66 0.60 0.55 0.74 0.70 0.61 0.71 0.10 0.79 * 0.49 0.45 0.84 0.70 0.55
39,171 25,526 18,843 18,206 15,436 11,924 11,124 10,585 9,658 9,167 8,861 7,940 7,669 7,074 6,998 6,888 6,439 6,349 5,672 5,545 5,381 5,014 4,930
Fairholme Focused Income(FOCIX) Northeast Investors Trust(NTHEX) Nuveen High Income Bond I(FJSYX) Third Avenue Focused Credit Instl(TFCIX) Franklin High Income Adv(FVHIX) Loomis Sayles Instl High Income(LSHIX) JHFunds2 High Yield 1(JIHDX) Ivy High Income I(IVHIX) USAA High Income(USHYX) SEI High Yield Bond F (SIMT)(SHYAX) Hotchkis & Wiley High Yield I(HWHIX) Waddell & Reed High-Income Y(WYHIX)
HY HY HY HY HY HY HY HY HY HY HY HY
+1.3 +1.7 +3.1 +2.0 +3.0 +3.7 +2.6 +2.9 +2.7 +2.5 +3.3 +2.6
+36.3 +31.0 +28.4 +23.4 +23.0 +22.9 +21.2 +21.1 +20.1 +20.1 +19.9 +19.2
+10.4 +2.6 +6.0 ◊0.7 +5.6 +8.1 +5.9 +6.9 +6.7 +6.6 +7.0 +7.4
1.00 1.31 0.78 0.59 0.64 0.68 0.78 0.72 0.82 0.91 0.70 0.74
278 355 235 487 474 761 355 1,651 1,193 1,471 2,077 797
LAGGARDS Victory INCORE Fund for Income C(VFFCX) Nuveen Intermediate Government Bond I(FYGYX) Oppenheimer Limited-Term Government C(OLTCX) Northern Short-Intermediate US Govt(NSIUX) Federated US Govt 2-5 Yr Instl(FIGTX) Fidelity Limited Term Government(FFXSX) Thornburg Limited Term US Government A(LTUSX) State Farm Interim(SFITX) JPMorgan Treasury & Agency Select(OGTFX) BNY Mellon Short-Term US Govt Secs M(MPSUX) Homestead Short-Term Government(HOSGX) Fidelity Short-Term Treasury Bd Idx P(FSBAX)
GS CS GS GS GS GS GS GS GS GS GS GS
* ◊0.1 ◊0.1 * ◊0.1 * ◊0.1 * ◊0.1 ◊0.1 +0.2 *
◊1.2 ◊1.2 ◊0.6 ◊0.4 ◊0.3 ◊0.3 ◊0.2 ◊0.1 ◊0.1 ◊0.1 ◊0.1 ◊0.1
+0.2 +0.8 ◊0.1 +0.4 +0.1 +0.6 +0.6 +0.6 +0.3 +0.1 +0.6 +0.7
1.69 0.60 1.60 0.41 0.58 0.45 0.91 0.16 0.45 0.55 0.77 0.10
64 50 148 144 391 377 104 374 70 208 73 1,256
*Annualized. Leaders and Laggards are among funds with at least $50 million in assets, and include no more than one class of any fund. Today’s fund types: BL-Bank Loan. CS-Short-Term Bond. GS-Short Government. HY-High Yield Bond. MU-Multisector Bond. NT-Nontraditional Bond. RR-Preferred Stock. TW-Corporate Bond. UB-Ultrashort Bond. XP-Emerging-Markets LocalSource: Morningstar Currency Bond. XS-Long-Short Credit. XT-Prime Money Market. NA-Not Available. YTD-Year to date. Spotlight tables rotate on a 2-week basis.
Annual rate, in millions Seasonally adjusted
Jan. ’17 Dec. ’16
1506.3 3.7492 12.9666 3.6722
MUTUAL FUNDS SPOTLIGHT: SPECIALTY AND SHORT-TERM BONDS
Inventory-Sales Ratio Dec. ’16 Nov. ’16
110
Key to exchanges: CBT-Chicago Board of Trade. CME-Chicago Mercantile Exchange. CMX-Comex division of NYM. KC-Kansas City Board of Trade. NYBOT-New York Board of Trade. NYM-New York Mercantile Exchange. Open interest is the number of contracts outstanding. Source: Thomson Reuters
’17
Conference Board survey
3
$1 = 113.98
115
–4
’12
Consumer Confidence
2
One Dollar in Yen 120 yen
2016
¢/bushel ¢/bushel ¢/bushel ¢/lb ¢/lb $/ton ¢/lb ¢/lb
Fund Name (TICKER)
0% 1
3.41% 3.42
2
4.47% 4.10 4.08 4.05
CD’s and Money Market Rates Money-market $10K min. money-mkt 6-month CD 1-year CD 2-year CD 5-year IRA CD
0% 1
0% 1
Auto Loan Rates 36-mo. used car 60-mo. new car
0.76 0.86
FUTURES
Gold Silver Hi Grade Copper Light Sweet Crude Heating Oil Natural Gas
Change from last week Up Flat Down
1-year range
Home Equity $75K line good credit* $75K line excel. credit* $75K loan good credit* $75K loan excel. credit*
Yield
Source: Thomson Reuters
CONVERTIBLES
Federal funds Prime rate 15-yr fixed 15-yr fixed jumbo 30-yr fixed 30-yr fixed jumbo 5/1 adj. rate 5/1 adj. rate jumbo 1-year adj. rate
◊ ◊ ◊ ◊
Chg
FOREIGN EXCHANGE
Most Active
Home Mortgages
◊ ◊ ◊ ◊
NOTES 19 1[ 22 1~ 27 2ü 47 3.000
Ask
TREASURY INFLATION BONDS [ ◊ 100.89 5-yr. Apr 21 ] ◊ 98.88 10-yr. Jan 27 2ø ◊ 121.52 20-yr. Jan 29 ~ ◊ 96.36 30-yr. Feb 47
0 30
Bid
ONLINE: MORE PRICES AND ANALYSIS
Information on all United States stocks, plus bonds, mutual funds, commodities and foreign stocks along with analysis of industry sectors and stock indexes: nytimes.com/markets
B8
THE NEW YORK TIMES BUSINESS WEDNESDAY, MARCH 8, 2017
N
SQUARE FEET RECENT LEASE
$49/sq. ft. $231,084 approximate annual rent
Contemporary Fashion Center 231 West 39th Street (between Seventh and Eighth Avenues) Manhattan A clothing company specializing in footwear and headgear, has taken an eight-year lease for 4,716 square feet of office and showroom space on the eighth floor of this 12-story 1908 building in the garment district. The building offers a street-level freight elevator and basement storage. TENANT: Colortree US TENANT’S BROKERS: Donny Moskovic and Brian Katz, Katz & Associates LANDLORD: 231/249 West 39 Street Associates LANDLORD’S BROKERS: James Buslik and Jeff Buslik, Adams & Company
FOR LEASE
$250/sq. ft. $830,000 approximate annual rent
1602 Second Avenue (at East 83rd Street) Manhattan A 10-year lease is available for a 3,320-square-foot dividable retail space, which has 46 feet of frontage and which will soon feature a new floor-to-ceiling storefront, in this 31-story 1977 Yorkville apartment building. The previous tenant was Tony DiNapoli’s Italian restaurant, and part of the original retail space has become an entrance to the 86th Street station of the new Second Avenue Subway. OWNER: Equity Residential BROKERS: Hal Shapiro and Jeff
Winick, Winick Realty Group
BRIAN HARKIN FOR THE NEW YORK TIMES
RECENT SALE
$6.2 million 1318 Madison Avenue (between East 93rd and 94th Streets) Manhattan An investment group has bought this 16½-foot-wide, four-story 1920 mixed-use building in the Carnegie Hill Historic District with a consignment shop on the ground floor, and a vacant triplex apartment above it, to be renovated. BUYER: 1318 Madison L.L.C. SELLER: KPLJ L.L.C. BROKERS: Nicholas Judson and
Stuart Ellman, Judson Realty By ROSALIE R. RADOMSKY
Email: realprop@nytimes.com
All the Rage in the Streets of SoHo: For-Rent Signs By C.J. HUGHES
Dusty windows on Madison Avenue. Ghostly traces of signs on Columbus Avenue. Graffiti on a shop in SoHo. Manhattan’s top retail strips, some of which are among the world’s most expensive shopping districts, appear to have seen better days. Once-packed streets are being hit by competition from emerging neighborhoods and deep discounting from online retailers, according to community officials, landlords and brokers. “Retailers are experiencing painful adjustments right now, there’s no doubt about it,” said Rafe Evans, a longtime broker with the firm Walker, Malloy and Company. He added that he had struggled to fill some Upper West Side buildings with tenants that last more than a few years. While middle-class neighborhoods may be enjoying healthy vacancy levels, generally defined as about 5 percent, the rate in more affluent areas is as much as 20 percent, according to a survey of major streets that brokers later confirmed. “It’s like what’s going on with luxury condos — foreign money is taking a breather because of what’s happening with our politics,” said Charles Arnold, an agent seeking a tenant for a 2,200square-foot store at 605 Madison Avenue, a brick building with gold filigree near East 58th Street. It is being listed at $1,200 a square foot annually, or $220,000 a month. The space has been available for a year, after Mulberry, a British company that sells leather handbags, closed after a nine-year run, said Mr. Arnold, a managing member of the Misra Group of Companies. Two retail floors upstairs, which formerly housed a hair salon and fitness studio run by the celebrity stylist Julian Farel, are also empty. Excess supply, of course, tends to soften prices. And the heart of Madison’s shopping district, from East 57th to East 77th Street, where boutiques feature jewelry, suits and stiletto boots, is not immune. In late February, the street had 37 vacancies or stores for rent. As recently as 2016, annual retail rents averaged $1,800 a square foot, said Faith Hope Consolo, the chairwoman of the retail leasing division at Douglas Elliman Real Estate. Now the average is $1,100, she said. Ms. Consolo is marketing 901 Madison, a store that until last month was leased by Bardith, an antiques store that had been there for more than four decades. The store, near East 72nd Street, is asking $775 a square foot. “There is just too much space coming to the market at the same time, and owners are all vying for the same retailers,” Ms. Consolo said. She added that places like Hudson Yards, a neighborhood that barely existed a few years ago and that is still under development, had pulled tenants away. When spaces do get filled on the street, it can feel like a game of musical chairs, Ms. Consolo noted. Bottega Veneta, the Italian leather company, is set to open a new store at 740 Madison this year, though its current store, at 650 Madison, will close at that point, pouring more square footage onto the market. Similar moves have taken place in Herald Square, which is pocked with vacancies despite being near the Empire State Building, a huge tourist draw. In 2015, the apparel chain H&M moved across the street, to 1293 Broadway, from its 59,500-square-foot multilevel home at 1328 Broadway. If commercial rents are too high for mom-and-pop shops, deep-pocketed national retailers also seem unable, or unwilling, to afford them. Consider the
PHOTOGRAPHS BY CHRISTOPHER LEE FOR THE NEW YORK TIMES
Graffiti and a vacant storefront in SoHo. Manhattan’s high-end shopping districts are being squeezed by high rents and online retailers. state of Bleecker Street in the West Village, near Seventh Avenue South, a decade-long fashion hub. One afternoon last month, for-rent signs could be seen in front of more than a dozen spaces, including buildings once occupied by marquee fashion companies like Jimmy Choo (No. 407), Marc Jacobs (No. 385) and Ralph Lauren (Nos. 381 and 383). “It’s a difficult time for all retailers,” said Dean Valentino, a managing director at ABS Partners Real Estate, which is listing 381 Bleecker for about $500 a square foot, or $50,000 a month. Over 10 years, Mr. Valentino said, some rents on the street swelled to $32,000 from $20,000 a month, a 60 percent jump, although stores resisted passing along those extra costs to customers. “They couldn’t escalate the price of their goods as much,” he said. High levels of pedestrian traffic also don’t seem to guarantee retail success, as is the case along Broadway in SoHo, which may be Manhattan’s hardest-hit
area. About 20 of the 100 storefronts between Houston and Canal Streets sat empty on a recent afternoon, while throngs of people passed outside. Some of the empty storefronts, on Broadway and elsewhere, may be targeted for development, explaining why they are unoccupied. But the vacancy totals would be even higher if one includes buildings where signs announce incoming retailers but that are still not open for business. Prices in SoHo, unsurprisingly, are in decline. Last fall, the average asking rent on Broadway was $755 a square foot, down from $824 last spring, or about an 8 percent drop, according to the Real Estate Board of New York, the trade group known as Rebny. If examples are numerous, solutions can seem limited. The Small Business Jobs Survival Act, which would give retail tenants the right to renew any lease so they cannot be evicted on the whim of the landlord, has not made much progress in New York’s City Council since being introduced in 2014. While critics have questioned the legality of getting involved in rent negotiations, advocates of the bill say landlords are lobbying behind the scenes to kill it. Kirsten Theodos of Take Back NYC, a grass-roots coalition she helped found
two years ago, said: “I was seeing all these businesses come and go, and would say: ‘Oh, my gosh, we just lost a bar. Oh, my gosh, we just lost this cool and funky store.’” Other steps taken by city officials include an effort to exempt retailers from a rent tax, which applies to Manhattan businesses that spend more than $250,000 in rent a year. A Council bill introduced in February would raise that amount to $500,000. Others rattled by the increase in vacancies are just trying to get a handle on how many there are, a tricky thing to figure out when brown paper covers windows, brokers don’t return calls, and landlords, shielded by limited liability companies, can’t be found. Justin Levinson, a former reporter who became frustrated by the high turnover in the East Village, decided the best way to call attention to the issue was visually, with a map. The result, Vacant New York, which he introduced in September, is more a snapshot in time than a dynamic database. But its findings have led him to a meeting with city officials, he said, as well as talks with a real estate brokerage firm. “It’s really easy to point fingers, to say it’s someone’s fault, like greedy landlords,” Mr. Levinson said. “But no one is really talking about solutions.” For his part, Mr. Levinson would like to see a law creating a registry for all stores that have been vacant for a year. Shopping habits may be harder to change. As long as people keep buying clothes, books and groceries online, from sites like Amazon.com, bricks-and-mortar retailers may continue to have a hard time, said Mr. Evans of Walker Malloy. Along Columbus, where Mr. Evans frequently works, the vacancy rate is about 10 percent, even though the stretch was nearly fully occupied in 2013, he said. And in late February, Rain Africa, which sold natural lotions and soaps at 294 Columbus, shuttered its store after three years. But the 920-square-foot corner space, at West 74th Street, is close to being leased to a new tenant, as are two other empty stores nearby, Mr. Evans said, adding that a wine bar is also scheduled to open, in the vacant 322 Columbus. “It looks like things are finding a balance,” he said.
THE NEW YORK TIMES, WEDNESDAY, MARCH 8, 2017
N
B9
B10 WEDNESDAY, MARCH 8, 2017
SCORES
ANALYSIS
COMMENTARY
N
‘They start singing it when the game starts because they want everyone to get hyped up. There’s nothing like hearing 80,000 people singing “Swing Low, Sweet Chariot.”’
‘Such cross-cultural appropriations of U.S. slave songs betray a total lack of understanding of the historical context in which those songs were created by the American slave.’
HELEN WESTON, a fan of England’s national rugby team.
JOSEPHINE WRIGHT, a professor of music and black studies at the College of Wooster in Ohio.
PHOTOGRAPHS BY TOM JAMIESON FOR THE NEW YORK TIMES
A Rugby Anthem’s Unlikely Origins ‘Swing Low, Sweet Chariot,’ a spiritual invoking the darkness of U.S. slavery, resonates in a very different way with English fans. By ANDREW KEH
LONDON — Barely a minute had elapsed in the match between the national rugby teams of England and France when the song first boomed around the stands at Twickenham Stadium. “Swing low, sweet chariot,” thousands of fans sang, “coming for to carry me home.” It is a famous refrain and melody. For many in the United States, “Swing Low, Sweet Chariot” enjoys a hallowed status as one of the cherished of 19th-century AfricanAmerican spirituals, its forlorn lyrics invoking the darkness of slavery and the sustained oppression of a race. But here, across the Atlantic, the song has developed a parallel existence, unchanged in form but utterly different in function, as a boisterous drinking song turned sports anthem. “They start singing it when the game starts because they want everyone to get hyped up,” said Helen Weston, 53, an England fan at the France game on Feb. 4.
“There’s nothing like hearing 80,000 people singing ‘Swing Low, Sweet Chariot.’” To chart the song’s curious intercontinental transmutation — from mournful American slave-era tune to rousing English sports chant — is to understand the malleability of meaning in cultural objects as they are move through space and time. In the United States, where rugby barely registers in the popular consciousness, learning about the song’s separate life abroad can result in a combination of surprise, disappointment and fascination. Josephine Wright, a professor of music and black studies at the College of Wooster in Ohio, said the lyrics of “Swing Low, Sweet Chariot” allude to feelings of despair and a desire for release from suffering. In the 1800s, the song was a surreptitious alert on the Underground Railroad, as well as a funeral song, she said. Wright sang it with her family at the burial service of her mother in 1989. She said she only recently read about Continued on Page B12
Top, Twickenham Stadium in England, where thousands sing “Swing Low, Sweet Chariot.” The spiritual, separated from its roots in America, is used to help excite the crowd. Many English rugby fans are unaware of the basis of the song.
WORLD BASEBALL CLASSIC
Now Playing At UConn: ‘Rudy II’
Caribbean Stars Add Luster to Dutch By KEN BELSON
By HARVEY ARATON
When the fateful telephone call came in the fall of their daughter’s freshman year at Connecticut, their beloved alma mater, John and Eileen Lawlor heard three prideful, empowering words from the big campus in Storrs. “I did it,” she told them. Immediately they knew exactly what she had done. Tierney Lawlor had made the team. Geno Auriemma’s team. A team coming off a national championship and on its way to three more, and now steamrolling toward a fifth in a row as it heads into this year’s N.C.A.A. tournament at 32-0. What Lawlor had done in the fall of 2013, was to go out, walk on and realize a childhood dream that was, in truth, more of a pipe dream. Not recruited by Auriemma or the coaches of other Division I powers, Lawlor, a pretty good player at 5 feet 7 inches from a pretty small Connecticut high school, had taken her place among the All-Americans from Everywhere, U.S.A. At the risk of sounding Hollywood sappy,
JESSICA HILL/ASSOCIATED PRESS
The walk-on Tierney Lawlor, center, earned a place on Coach Geno Auriemma’s team in 2013, realizing a childhood goal that had once seemed a pipe dream. Lawlor’s story is “Rudy” with a ponytail. “I think that’s fair to say,” Shea Ralph said of the movie parallel. And Ralph, as an assistant coach and a former Husky star, had every right to brag on the program’s standing as the women’s basketball equivalent to Notre Dame football.
Lawlor, now a senior on scholarship, reported to Ralph in the fall of 2013 after being tipped to a Twitter post from months earlier by the then-blossoming star Breanna Stewart. Stewart had tweeted that AuContinued on Page B14
SEOUL, South Korea — Stijn van der Meer can still hardly believe his good fortune. One of the best baseball players to come out of the soccer-crazed nation of the Netherlands, van der Meer played shortstop at Lamar University in Division I and was drafted last year by the Houston Astros in the 34th round. But none of that prepared the affable and lanky 23-year-old for playing alongside some of the best infielders in the game with Team Netherlands at the World Baseball Classic. Yet there he was at a recent workout, fielding ground balls with three of the top shortstops in the major leagues: Xander Bogaerts, who has won two Silver Slugger awards with the Red Sox; Didi Gregorius, who replaced Derek Jeter on the Yankees; and Andrelton Simmons of the Angels, who has two Gold Gloves Awards. “It’s just awesome: I’m in between superstars,” said van der
Meer, who started playing baseball when he was 5 in Rosmalen, a hotbed of Dutch baseball. “We pretty much have a dream team of infielders.” The major league firepower is a primary reason Team Netherlands is the favorite to win the W.B.C.’s Pool A — which includes Taiwan, Israel and host South Korea — and potentially improve on its fourth-place finish in 2013. While most squads in the 16-team tournament struggle to recruit more than a few players from the majors, the Netherlands’ roster is peppered with talented young players from two of its former colonies, Aruba and Curaçao. On Tuesday, the Netherlands got off to a good start in group play by beating South Korea, 5-0. That put them in good position to advance alongside surprising Israel, which won its second game of the tournament, 15-7, over Taiwan. In addition to its wealth of talContinued on Page B12
THE NEW YORK TIMES SPORTS WEDNESDAY, MARCH 8, 2017
N
B11
TENNIS
With Big Upswing, Teenage Star Charts a New Course ORLANDO, Fla. — CiCi Bellis, who, at 17, is by far the youngest player in the top 100, has already proved she can rise to the occasion on a tennis court, beating leading players like Dominika Cibulkova and, just last month, Agnieszka RadON wanska. TENNIS But parallel parking under pressure remains a different matter. “Don’t worry,” Bellis said to me on Friday as she eased her BMW sedan into a spot outside a restaurant near her family’s new residence in the Lake Nona community. The result did not go unnoticed. “You park like that in Holland and you fail your driving test,” teased Marijn Bal, her Dutchborn agent. “She left a little space for a motorcycle behind her,” added Anibal Aranda, her coach. Bellis laughed — a common occurrence — and headed indoors with her team for a healthy, leafy lunch on the eve of her first trip to the BNP Paribas Open at Indian Wells, Calif., as a professional tennis player. “Last year at this time, I was planning on going to college,” Bellis said. “My tennis wasn’t where I wanted to be, but I worked really hard, and it’s back now. And I’m really happy.” A year ago, for all her precocious talent, Bellis was ranked well outside the top 200 and preparing to remain an amateur and attend Stanford University. That would have been a dream situation for most bright American teenagers, but not if you have dreamed most of your short life about joining the WTA Tour. “From Day 1, she wanted to go to Wimbledon, and I mean Day 1,” said Monique Javer, Bellis’s childhood coach in Hillsborough, Calif. In April, Bellis began working full time with Aranda, a former top junior from Paraguay who is on the United States Tennis Association’s coaching staff. Bellis shored up her vulnerable second serve and added more muscle to her slight frame, particularly to her lower body. Though her serve — so critical to her prospects — is still, in Bellis’s words, “a work in progress,” the results followed. After qualifying for the United States Open last year and winning two rounds in the main draw in September, Bellis turned to Aranda during a warm-down session and shared her decision to turn pro. Some drop out of Stanford for the lure of a start-up. She skipped it altogether for one of her own, and at least for now, it looks like a sage career move. Bellis, who will turn 18 in April, is now based at the new U.S.T.A. National Campus in Lake Nona with its 100 courts and elaborate training facilities. She runs and talks fast, and her recent rise in the rankings has been just as expeditious. This week she makes her first appearance at Indian Wells, where she will face the 31-year-old Belgian Kirsten Flipkens in the first round. Bellis is up to No. 55 in the rankings despite missing the year’s first Grand Slam tournament, the Australian Open. She was recovering from strained hamstring and gluteal muscles, an injury sustained when she lunged for a ball in training after a long running session on the beach. “I think I could have made it definitely worse if I’d gone to Australia,” she said. “I think a lot of players would have gone for the money, but ... ” Bellis left the thought unfinished, but when she returned to the circuit last month, she made her latest big impression, reaching the quarterfinals in Dubai after upsetting Radwanska and then dominating the resurgent Caroline Wozniacki for a few games before fading.
CHRISTOPHER CLAREY
PHOTOGRAPHS BY SCOTT MCINTYRE FOR THE NEW YORK TIMES
CiCi Bellis, 17, stretching in the weight room, above, and practicing, left, at the United States Tennis Association development complex in Florida. She is the youngest player in the top 100.
Bellis’s forehand, footwork and swing volleys are particular strengths. With her increasingly complete and impactful game, she looks ready for bigger things, perhaps sooner than later. “There are a handful of players who are going to overpower her right now, but by the end of the year I wouldn’t be surprised if she was top 20,” said Chris Evert, who has been mentoring Bellis through a U.S.T.A. program. In 2015, I watched Bellis, then 16, get all but blown off the court by baseline pace in a first-round defeat to Veronica Cepede Royg in French Open qualifying. Though Bellis is still only 5 feet 7 inches and 120 pounds, she no longer punches like a lightweight. “Her legs are rock hard,” Evert said. “I think the off-court training has helped her a lot. Two years ago, she would counterpunch and would sort of absorb power from her opponent, and now she’s giving it.” Upbeat predictions for teenage tennis players, however well founded, have a dark side. They can lead a young player to press — a trap that Bellis and those close to her remain intent on avoiding. Aranda once coached another young American, Melanie Oudin, who struggled for an encore after she reached the
United States Open quarterfinals at age 17 in 2009. “Melanie told me, ‘Anibal, everybody, all the journalists, they come and remind me about my success at the U.S. Open, and that’s in the past,’” Aranda said. “And I said, ‘That’s true, forget about that, just think about now.’ And CiCi is very good about doing that.” Bellis’s parents, Gordon and Lori, a former competitive junior player, also have emphasized the long view. As a junior, Bellis played in her age group until she dominated, learning to handle the pressure that goes with being the favorite instead of quickly jumping into the much-less-tolose domain of facing one’s elders. But make no mistake: She is an authentic prodigy in an increasingly physical sport that no longer produces them at the same brisk pace. There are no other 17-year-olds in the top 100, and no 18-year-olds either. “On the outside, that girl is sweet and beautiful and smiles, but inside she’s probably one of the toughest competitors in the world,” Javer said in a telephone interview on Sunday. “She has nerves of steel.” Javer, a former tour player who coached Bellis in her preteen years, initially resisted
training Bellis because she was friendly with Bellis’s parents. But Javer said she agreed to one lesson when Bellis was 7. “She was jumping up and down and so excited to be out there that I wanted to be out there, too,” Javer said. “From the beginning, it was not about her parents. It was about her. She was the one who wanted to do it.
A 17-year-old forgoes Stanford to join the professional tour. Her mom and dad just helped the addiction. They provided everything, and we spent a lot of time together, and I don’t think in all those years that CiCi ever said she didn’t want to be there.” She compares Bellis’s versatile style of play to one of tennis’s ultimate wunderkinds: Jennifer Capriati, who was 5-7 and reached Grand Slam semifinals at 14. “I think there’s the same excitement about a young American player who works the point,” Javer said. “CiCi doesn’t bash like so many of these players.
She keeps the ball in play. She thinks on the court.” Great height is not a prerequisite to success in women’s tennis. Cibulkova, Simona Halep, Roberta Vinci and Sara Errani — all shorter than Bellis — have reached major singles finals in the last five years. But none of them have won those finals. Aranda likes to stay upbeat and keeps handwritten notebooks meticulously filled with drawings and inspirational quotes to accompany the day’s practice plans for the “very visual” Bellis, who adds her own thoughts, too. He worries that her emerging power could be a trap. He is a fan of the soccer coach Pep Guardiola’s philosophy, which calls for great discipline until his players get close to the penalty area, where he asks them to rely more on instinct. “When she has a shot inside the court, any short ball, she can play freely: drop shots and slice, whatever she wants,” Aranda said. “But from the back, I ask her to respect her position and not hit a very risky shot when she can build the point.” Martin Blackman, the general manager of player development at the U.S.T.A., does not think Bellis will be limited by her size. “When the big women go big, they will take lots of time away from themselves, and that’s when CiCi is going to hurt them,” Blackman said. CiCi — short for Catherine Cartan — is Bellis’s nickname, and though the WTA rankings and tournament graphics still use Catherine, she has requested a change. “I only get called Catherine when I’m in trouble with my mother,” she said. “I like CiCi a lot. Short and sweet.” It seems more marketable, too, but it is Bellis’s age and competitive gifts that truly pique the interest in a sport constantly in search of the next big talent, particularly an American one. Bellis, who chose tennis over soccer at age 12, has been a candidate since she became the youngest player in 18 years to win a singles match at the United
States Open, shocking the 12thseeded Cibulkova in the first round in 2014. A 15-year-old wild card, Bellis lost in the next round but went on to finish the year as the world’s top-ranked junior. “After that big win versus Cibulkova two and a half years ago, it would have been really easy to take a bunch of big wild cards, but instead she went through the process of playing 25s and 50s and 75s,” said Blackman, referring to the lower-level professional tournaments. “And I think that’s why CiCi has so much confidence. She knows she has gone through the process and won at every level.” It surely did not hurt that Bellis came from a comfortable background where the financial pressure did not weigh as heavily on decision-making as it can for some other great young talents. An only child, Bellis was born in San Francisco and grew up in the affluent Bay Area communities of Hillsborough and Atherton. But there was nothing entitled about Bellis’s attitude on Friday. As she did a returning drill, she said softly to herself, “I love this.” “I’ve been so impressed by her maturity and self-reliance and just the hunger she has to learn,” Evert said. “Her eyes are wide open to any information that you can give her. Bottom line is no drama. Some of these other girls, when they are practicing, it’s yelling and up and down and emotions and body language, and with her, it’s steadfast.” There remains plenty to juggle. Still home-schooled — as she has been since sixth grade — Bellis trains on a typical day at Lake Nona from 8:30 a.m. to 6 p.m., packing in two fitness sessions, lunch and two on-court sessions. When she turns 18 on April 8, she will no longer have any playing restrictions on tour, which will mean a fuller schedule. But she already has proved that she belongs. Solving the riddle of parallel parking will take a bit longer. “I think,” she said, “that there are cars that can do it for you.”
SOCCER
Tough Stretch Gets Worse for U.S. Women By ANDREW DAS
WASHINGTON — The United States women’s national team was thrashed, 3-0, by France on Tuesday night at RFK Stadium, losing a second consecutive game on home soil for the first FRANCE 3 time in 17 UNITED STATES 0 years as it continued to stumble through a tactical and personnel pivot ahead of the 2019 World Cup. The defeat came three days after the Americans fell in a lastminute loss against England, and it marred what the team had expected to be a week of productive experiments against three of the best teams in the world.
“It’s disappointing,” midfielder Carli Lloyd said. “We came in fourth place, we scored one goal. We’ve got some great players on this team. We obviously want to win. But I think long gone are the days of always winning, and it’s not going to be easy — 2019, 2020 — it’s going to be really hard.” France put away Tuesday’s game, the final match of the round-robin SheBelieves Cup, almost as soon as it began. Camille Abily got the first goal on a penalty kick after goalkeeper Alyssa Naeher fouled forward Eugénie Le Sommer on a breakaway in the eighth minute. Le Sommer added the second goal a minute later, sprinting to a long ball down the right and beating two defenders before slotting her shot past a de-
fenseless Naeher. Abily made the score 3-0 in the 63rd minute, coolly turning in a cross in the goal mouth. Coach Jill Ellis planned to use this three-game tournament as a chance to vet new players and new formations. But regardless of how it was envisioned, the tournament was a disappointment. It also extended a poor run of form for the United States against top opposition. The United States failed to win a medal at last summer’s Rio Olympics, and it struggled to impose itself on Germany, England and France over the past week in this tournament. Ellis’s next chance to try new things, and new players, comes in April, when the United States will host Russia in two games in Texas.
Camille Abily, left, of France, who scored two goals, battling for the ball against the American midfielder Carli Lloyd during the first half of the French team’s 3-0 victory over the United States.
NICK WASS/ASSOCIATED PRESS
B12
THE NEW YORK TIMES SPORTS WEDNESDAY, MARCH 8, 2017
N
B A S E B A L L WO R L D B A S E B A L L C L A S S I C
Caribbean Star Power Adds Luster to Team From the Netherlands From First Sports Page ent, Team Netherlands is one of the most cohesive squads in the tournament because many of its best players grew up together on the two islands, which have a combined population of just 250,000. Their manager, Hensley Meulens (known as “Bam Bam”), the first player from Curaçao to make it to the majors, tutored many of those currently on his roster, who consider him a godfather of sorts. “I’ve probably given clinics to all of them over the last 25 years, and now they are helping me give clinics to little kids in the community,” said Meulens, who broke in with the Yankees in 1989. “I opened up the door, but these guys, you know, they’ve had some great years, and people look up to them.” In addition to Bogaerts, Gregorius and Simmons, Meulens also has outfielder Jurickson Profar of the Texas Rangers, who hit a home run in the opener, the broth-
Aruba and Curaçao provide a pipeline of major league talent. ers Jonathan and Sharlon Schoop of the Orioles’ organization, and Wladimir Balentien, who holds the season home run record in Japan. Meulens’s team would have been stronger if two other players, Dodgers closer Kenley Jansen and Roger Bernadina, a fleetfooted outfielder who spent seven seasons in the major leagues before heading to South Korea, were on the roster. Still, unlike the teams from, say, the Dominican Republic or Japan, Team Netherlands clearly has a polyglot roster. A handful of players, like van der Meer and Lars Huijer, are 100 percent Dutch and have played in the eight-team Dutch league, Koninklijke Nederlandse Baseball. Other Dutch players, like Rick van den Hurk, who started Tuesday’s game, played in M.L.B. before joining teams in Japan. Still others, like Kalian Sams, who was born in The Hague, have bounced around the minor leagues. Because of the close ties between Aruba, Curaçao and the Netherlands, which handles the defense and foreign affairs for the islands, a few players, including Gregorius, were born in Amsterdam but grew up in Curaçao. The chatter on the bench reflects the team’s diversity. During an exhibition game against a team representing the South Korean Army, the players from the Netherlands spoke in Dutch, while those from the islands talked in Papiamentu, a centuriesold Creole language influenced by
PHOTOGRAPHS BY CHANG W. LEE/THE NEW YORK TIMES
Clockwise from top, Stijn van der Meer, front, with his Caribbean teammates, from left, Xander Bogaerts, Andrelton Simmons and Didi Gregorius. Van der Meer after a recent game. Manager Hensley Meulens, a native of Curaçao.
African slaves, Spanish and Portuguese merchants and Dutch colonists. Meulens said he spoke five languages: English, Dutch, Spanish, Papiamento and Japanese. (He played three years in Japan.) The players from Aruba and Curaçao also speak Dutch but often communicated with the European players in English. “I’m trying to understand what they’re saying, but it’s hard,” van
der Meer said of the islanders. Despite its ties to the talentladen islands, baseball remains a niche sport in the Netherlands, where soccer is by far the most popular, followed by cycling, field hockey, speed skating and volleyball. The Dutch national baseball team, the leader in European championships, did make waves, though, when it won the Baseball World Cup in 2011. Still, following the sport and
playing it are separate things, said Lody Embrechts, the Dutch ambassador to South Korea. Last week, he practiced tossing a ball to Meulens on the sidelines at the Gocheok Sky Dome in preparation for throwing out the first pitch before Tuesday’s game. After some brief instruction and a few throws, the ambassador acknowledged that it was the first time he had ever thrown a baseball. The humbling experience made him
appreciate what the players from Aruba and Curaçao have achieved. “In Aruba, you get a bat when you are 5 years old,” he said. “In the Netherlands, you get a ball and start kicking it around.” The surplus of talent has created a nice quandary for Meulens. Simmons and Gregorius will rotate between shortstop and designated hitter, while Bogaerts will play third base to ensure he is in
the lineup every game. Profar will play in the outfield, where the Rangers expect to play him during the season, and Jonathan Schoop will play second base, his natural position. “We’ve been playing together since a young age, so it’s nice to experience this together,” Gregorius said. “There’s no rivalry, the team is united, we have a great chemistry.” Still, the number of major leaguers in the lineup means less proven players like van der Meer may not see much action — though he is not complaining. “I’d rather be here any day than in spring training,” said van der Meer, who hit .301 in rookie ball last season. “The coach said he likes my left-handed bat, but I know I’m not going to be a defensive replacement. It’s a lot of fun.”
R U G BY
Slave Spiritual Becomes Unlikely Rugby Anthem From First Sports Page the song’s use in England, and called it “unfortunate.” “Such cross-cultural appropriations of U.S. slave songs betray a total lack of understanding of the historical context in which those songs were created by the American slave,” she said. Thousands are likely to belt it out this Saturday, when England plays Scotland in London. English fans first sang the song on a large scale at Twickenham Stadium on March 19, 1988, as England recorded a memorable comeback victory over Ireland. Multiple people and groups since then have claimed responsibility for starting the chant. The motivation is a matter of some intrigue. Over the years, English newspaper articles mentioning the chant’s genesis that day matter-of-factly tied its emergence to the race of Chris Oti, who was the first black player to represent England’s rugby team in almost a century, and who played a starring role in that game. Dudley Wood, the former secretary of the Rugby Football Union, was quoted in The Independent in 1991 as saying that Oti “was totally mobbed on the way to the dressing room. It’s a delicate situation in a way, in that it’s a Negro spiritual. But we poor English don’t really have the songs to sing.” Two years later, the same newspaper devoted an edition of its mail-in reader question-and-answer column to the question of why the chant took hold. In response, one reader wrote, “It was often sung by a white crowd when black players were playing well — a backhanded compliment in my view.” Another called it “slightly racist but in the best possible
taste.” In the United States, the song was first formally published as a written text in the 1870s, appearing in songbooks for the Fisk University Jubilee Singers, a black choir that put on singing tours throughout the United States and Europe. Such concerts, presumably, first carried black spirituals to wider audiences overseas. By the early 20th century, “Swing Low” was becoming popular among the all-male choirs of Wales. In the 1950s, at the same time that slave-era spirituals were having a reawakening as part of the American civil rights movement, “Swing Low, Sweet Chariot” was becoming a popular drinking song in the rugby clubs and pubs of Britain, where the lyrics were often accompanied by a series of bawdy gestures. “It was sung after club matches, particularly if people had a few beers and are being sociable and having a singsong,” said Richard Woodley, 46, an England fan from Newark, in Nottinghamshire, who played rugby in his youth. The song’s move in England from the barroom to the biggest stage of professional rugby changed its nature further still. After its spontaneous appearance in the Twickenham stands, it persisted, taking on a life of its own, and eventually the Rugby Football Union, the governing body for the sport in England, embraced it as a central component of its marketing. Before the 1991 World Cup, the England players participated in a jazzy promotional version called “Swing Low (Run With The Ball).” The rugby union later commissioned UB40 — the reggae-pop band famous for “Red Red Wine” — to record another version of the
‘Historical amnesia’ as cultural products move and morph.
TOM JAMIESON FOR THE NEW YORK TIMES
Fans at Twickenham. The use of “Swing Low” is disconcerting to some American scholars. song before the 2003 World Cup. When England won, the song rushed up the charts. Two years ago, in a news release announcing a new version of the song by the English singer Ella Eyre, a union official said, “Owned by the fans, ‘Swing Low, Sweet Chariot’ is a song that is unique to England Rugby and has the power to instill a sense of hope and drive England teams forward when it’s sung at Twickenham.” Sponsors joined in, too. In 2003, after England won the World Cup in Australia, British Airways noted in a news release that the “appropriately named Sweet Chariot 747 came for to carry the victorious England team home.” More recently, BMW built similar marketing campaigns around the conceit that its cars were “Sweet Chariots.” “It’s really the song of England rugby,” said Josh Rice, 25, a fan from Nottingham.
Arthur Jones, a music history professor and founder of the Spiritual Project at the University of Denver, said the situation reminded him of American sports teams who use Native American names and imagery, in that a group of people seemed to be freeassociating with imagery largely disconnected from its history. “My first reaction is absolute shock — and I actually understand it when I think about it — but that’s my first reaction,” Jones said. “I feel kind of sad. I feel like the story of American chattel slavery and this incredible cultural tradition, built up within a community of people who were victims and often seen as incapable of standing up for themselves, is such a powerful story that I want the whole world to know about it. But apparently not everyone does.” When told about the awkwardness many Americans feel upon
learning of the song’s repurposing, John M. Williams, the director of the Center for the Sociology of Sport at the University of Leicester in England, said, “I can understand that, and the only thing I could give them as a kind of strange reassurance is that I suspect the vast majority of people singing it have no idea where it came from, or even that it’s American at all, or that it has a black American heritage.” Indeed, before the game against France, it seemed few England fans knew the song’s origins, even though the issue had momentarily bubbled up in the English news media in 2015. First, a columnist for The Telegraph asked, “Is it time England kicked their rugby anthem into touch?” A few months later, a writer for the Independent published an essay titled “Why it’s time for England to stop singing ‘Swing Low, Sweet Chariot.’” Both noted the song’s
solemn origins as a slave spiritual. But Williams laughed when asked if those pieces reflected a larger debate occurring in the rugby community. “The typical crowd that goes to watch the English national rugby team is not likely to be an audience that’s going to think hard about these types of questions or spend much time worrying about political correctness,” he said. James W. Cook, a professor at the University of Michigan who has researched the early movement of African-American art and music into global markets, noted that the United States has long exported popular culture around the world, where its many forms then get appropriated and reappropriated in unusual ways. He said he found “historical amnesia” to be generally troubling, and suggested that more education about the song would be positive. But, he added, “When there’s any kind of boundary policing, that’s not a realistic understanding of how these cultural products move and adapt and morph as they move from place to place.” That moving and morphing does not end. At the beginning of the 2010-11 English soccer season, Arsène Wenger, the longtime manager of Arsenal, criticized Stoke City for employing physical tactics that he said were more reminiscent of rugby than soccer. Stoke fans took the comments personally. Months later, when Arsenal visited Stoke City — for a game Stoke would go on to win — the home fans sang “Swing Low, Sweet Chariot” again and again, in a sort of gleeful conceptual taunt. They, too, adopted the song as their own, and they continue to sing it to this day.
THE NEW YORK TIMES SPORTS WEDNESDAY, MARCH 8, 2017
B13
N
BASEBALL
It’s Mighty Mouse to the Rescue for the Nationals WEST PALM BEACH, Fla. — When little Darren Baker toddled into the path of an onrushing base runner in the 2002 World Series, before J. T. Snow yanked him to safety, he was just trying to do his job. Baker, then the 3-year-old bat boy for the San ON Francisco Giants, BASEBALL had a mission to retrieve the lumber of his favorite player, Kenny Lofton. “My son loved Kenny Lofton,” said Dusty Baker, Darren’s father, who managed the Giants then and now guides the Washington Nationals. “He still loves Kenny Lofton. Kenny’s a winner. You get mad at him on the other side, but I sure liked him on our team.” Lofton is retired now, but a player that he inspired will now spark Baker’s team. Adam Eaton grew up in Ohio and identified with Lofton, whose best years were with the Cleveland Indians. Eaton loved Lofton’s swagger — his gold necklace, his stylish cleats, his speedy, slashing style of play. Lofton was slight in stature, drafted late, traded early, and considered more of a basketball player than a future baseball All-Star. Day after day, he proved he belonged. “From a small guy’s standpoint, you get overlooked a little bit,” Eaton said Tuesday morning by his locker at the Ballpark of the Palm Beaches. “You’ve got to have that aura about you, that Mighty Mouse mentality, that feeling of ‘I’m here to stay’ — even if you’re tricking yourself and you really don’t believe it. “You need to trick yourself, and he had that.” Baker named other smaller players with an edge: Dustin Pedroia, Joe Morgan, Davey Lopes, Brett Butler. Eaton is 5 feet 8 inches and 185 pounds, and he has never hit above .300, stolen 20 bases, hit 15 home runs or made an All-Star team. Yet few have been as valuable the last three seasons, and the Nationals paid a steep price to make him the centerpiece of their off-season. Washington traded the top pitching prospects Lucas Giolito, Reynaldo Lopez and Dane Dunning to the Chicago White Sox in December for Eaton, a right fielder the Nationals are putting
TYLER KEPNER
DAVID J. PHILLIP/ASSOCIATED PRESS
The Nationals traded for Adam Eaton, above, in a push to get over the postseason hump. With the White Sox last season, a hard-nosed Eaton, left, tried to leap over Astros catcher Evan Gattis.
BOB LEVEY/GETTY IMAGES
back in center. The move allows them to shift the fleet Trea Turner, who hit .342 as a rookie last season, back to shortstop
from center — and gives them an elite-level pest to go with Turner atop the lineup. “He grinds his at-bats away, he
makes you work, makes you fight for every pitch,” said the right-hander Max Scherzer, who won the National League Cy Young Award last season. “He’s just going to keep lengthening that lineup. We’re talking about potentially having him and Turner at the top, then we’ll have our meat and potatoes in the middle, and as a pitcher, that’s a difficult lineup to face. You’ve got a lot of different types of hitters to navigate through.” The meat includes Bryce Harper, who has two years left before free agency, and Daniel Murphy, Anthony Rendon and the veterans Jayson Werth and Ryan Zimmerman. The Nationals have won three N.L. East titles in the last five seasons, but they have failed to advance in the playoffs each time. Eaton should
Sabathia Juts Out a Whiskery Jaw at the Yankees’ Policy on Hair By BILLY WITZ
TAMPA, Fla. — A black-gloved salute by the 1968 Olympians Tommie Smith and John Carlos this was not. Nor was it as nearly as weighty as quarterback Colin Kaepernick taking a knee. But when the Yankees’ C. C. Sabathia took the mound Tuesday for his spring training debut against the Tampa Bay Rays, he did so with an air of defiance that was plain to see. In fact, it was all over his face. Sabathia pitched with neatly groomed stubble across his face. It was a far cry from the Houston Rockets’ James Harden, but Sabathia’s shadow — which might be described as several hours beyond 5 o’clock — is noteworthy be-
cause of the Yankees’ longstanding policy against beards and long hair. The policy, doggedly enforced since George M. Steinbrenner bought the team in 1973, has gained renewed attention because of the flaming, flowing red locks of a top Yankees prospect, Clint Frazier, who has done a delicate dance to comply with the policy but keep as much of his hair as possible. Sabathia pitched solidly, leaving the bases loaded in the first inning and buzzing through the Rays in the second. The Yankees went on to win, 7-6, by rallying for three runs in the bottom of the 10th. Rashad Crawford delivered the game-tying hit, and Tyler Wade drove in the winning run.
When asked about the manicured growth of hair on his face, Sabathia was as careful with his words as someone had clearly been with a razor. Asked if he needed to get a shave, Sabathia said, “I don’t know.” Asked if he was going to let it go until he was told otherwise, he said, “Yeah, I guess so.” Manager Joe Girardi, who is charged with reading the Yankees’ grooming policy — no hair below the lip, no sideburns and no hair below the collar — to his players at the beginning of spring training, was not pleased to be entertaining questions on the subject. “Well, that’s not my focus in camp,” Girardi said.
He continued: “My focus is to get people ready. I didn’t notice it. I don’t look for it. I’m not sure what you saw today. I’ve seen Andy Pettitte — they don’t shave the day they necessarily pitch.” When it was relayed that Sabathia’s growth stood out because it was clearly groomed, not the result of inattentive maintenance, Girardi said: “I don’t stare at him that close. I don’t know what to tell you. The most important thing we do here is we win games. He did his job today. If I see it as a problem, or if someone calls me and says it’s a problem, I’ll let him know. I didn’t see it as a problem today.” And so the insurrection — like the hair on Sabathia’s face — survived to see another day.
help give them another chance. “We’re always looking at win now, but we’ve never made a move that’s ‘win now but forget about the future,’” General Manager Mike Rizzo said. “This is a win-now and win-later deal, because we have ourselves a really good player in the prime years of his career for a longterm contract.” Eaton, 28, is signed for three more seasons, with club options for 2020 and 2021. If he stays five years, he will make $38.4 million — good value for a player with Eaton’s varied skills. He has excellent range in the outfield, a strong arm and decent power, and he hits for average, gets on base and runs well. In some ways, it might not look like much; Eaton has one 10th-place vote for the Most Valuable Player Award in his career. Taken together, though, it is a compelling portfolio. “I was telling our guys at the winter meetings, he’s the best player you’ve never heard of,” Rizzo said. “He’s an under-theradar kind of player, but when you see him play a lot — and we scouted him a lot — he really shines.” Rizzo said that Murphy never took an at-bat off last season, when he was runner-up for the M.V.P. Award, and he sees the same qualities in Eaton. The White Sox were far out of the race late last summer, but Washington scouts admired the way Eaton kept striving. Rizzo, who never made it out of Class A as a player, joined professional baseball as the 554th overall choice in the 1982 draft class. Eaton was chosen 571st in 2010, in the 19th round by the Arizona Diamondbacks.
Rizzo can appreciate the effect that had on Eaton. “He comes to the ballpark every day with a chip on his shoulder, ready to perform,” Rizzo said. “I love guys with chips on their shoulder. I signed a guy named Frank Thomas. He had a chip on his shoulder his whole career.” Thomas, the Hall of Famer whom Rizzo scouted for the White Sox, was considered oversize for baseball and called himself the Big Hurt. Eaton’s nickname is Spanky, and he wears a Mighty Mouse T-shirt in the clubhouse, he said, “because I kind of look like a mouse and I try to play above my means.” Those means translate to gaudy advanced statistics. According to Baseball Reference, Eaton has compiled 15.4 wins above replacement during the last three seasons, trailing only 14 other position players and ahead of such stars as Miguel Cabrera, Yoenis Cespedes, Pedroia and Harper. While analysts and scouts adore Eaton, he respectfully has little use for either. Metrics cannot measure the nuances of his game, he said, and scouts almost missed him completely. There is a reason Eaton feels no extra burden as the missing piece for a team that is desperate to win. “I say this to myself, and it honestly takes a lot of pressure off, because I’m not really supposed to be here,” Eaton said. “I was kind of an afterthought, and that’s also fueled me as well. I think any athlete that takes a lot of pride in what they do, if someone tells you that you can’t do something, your next statement is, ‘Watch me.’” Here he comes to save the day.
C A L E N DA R TV Highlights Baseball Basketball / N.B.A.
Basketball / College Men's Tournaments
Golf Hockey / N.H.L. Soccer
1:00 p.m. 10:00 p.m. 7:30 p.m. 8:00 p.m. 8:00 p.m. 10:30 p.m. Noon 2:00 p.m. 4:30 p.m. 7:00 p.m. 7:00 p.m. 7:00 p.m. 7:30 p.m. 8:30 p.m. 9:00 p.m. 9:00 p.m. 9:30 p.m. Midnight 8:00 p.m. 2:30 p.m. 2:30 p.m. 2:55 p.m.
Exhibition, Boston at Mets World Classic, Netherlands vs. Israel Nets at Atlanta Detroit at Indiana Knicks at Milwaukee Boston at Golden State A.C.C., Miami vs. Syracuse A.C.C., Clemson vs. Duke Big Ten, Penn State vs. Nebraska A.C.C., Wake Forest vs. Virginia Tech Big 12, Oklahoma vs. T.C.U. Big East, Georgetown vs. St. John’s Patriot League final, Lehigh at Bucknell Atlantic 10, Duquesne vs. St. Louis A.C.C., T.B.A. vs. Virginia Big 12, Texas vs. Texas Tech Big East, DePaul vs. Xavier Indian Open, first round Detroit at Boston UEFA, Paris St.-Germain at Barcelona UEFA, Benfica at Borussia Dortmund England, Stoke City at Manchester City
MLB, SNY MLB YES ESPN MSG ESPN ESPN ESPN ESPN2 ESPN2 ESPNU FS1 CBSSN SNY ESPN2 ESPNU FS1 GOLF NBCSN FS1 FS2 NBCSN
This Week HOME AWAY
WED 3/8 BOSTON
THU 3/9
FRI 3/10
DETROIT
SAT 3/11
SUN 3/12
MON 3/13
TUE 3/14
WASHINGTON DETROIT
MIAMI
HOUSTON
1 p.m.
1 p.m.
1 p.m.
1 p.m. (EXHIBITION) MLB, SNY
1 p.m. MLB, SNY
ATLANTA 1 p.m. HOUSTON HOUSTON p.m. 11 p.m.
YANKEES
ATLANTA
PHILADELPHIA DETROIT
ATLANTA
TAMPA BAY
1 p.m.
1 p.m.
1 p.m.
1 p.m.
MLB
YES
METS
1 p.m.
(EXHIBITION) MILWAUKEE
KNICKS
NETS
INDIANA
8 p.m.
5 p.m.
6 p.m.
7:30 p.m.
MSG
MSG
DETROIT
MSG, YES
MSG
KNICKS
OKLA. CITY
6 p.m.
7:30 p.m.
ATLANTA
NETS
DALLAS
7:30 p.m.
9 p.m.
YES
DEVILS
ISLANDERS
YES
MSG, YES ARIZONA
WINNIPEG
9 p.m.
8 p.m.
7 p.m.
MSG+
MSG
MSG+
VANCOUVER
ST. LOUIS
CAROLINA
10 p.m.
8 p.m.
7:30 p.m.
7 p.m.
MSG
MSG+
NBCSN
MSG+2
DETROIT
TAMPA BAY
7 p.m.
7 p.m.
7 p.m.
MSG
NBCSN
ATLANTA
RED BULLS
YES
COLORADO
CAROLINA
RANGERS
1 p.m.
SNY
4 P.M. SATURDAY
CAROLINA
MSG D.C. UNITED
N.Y.C.F.C.
2 P.M. SUNDAY
YES
MARSHAL / SHERIFF SALES (3650) MARSHAL EXECUTION SALE PUBLIC AUCTION Re: Parking Violations VS Various Judgment Debtors. I Will Sell at Public Auction for City Marshal Frank Siracusa or any other City Marshal By Arthur Vigar Auctioneer DCA#0767619 on Friday, March 10 , 2017 At 1:00 PM , or any time thereafter At Ken Ben Ind. 1908 Shore Prkwy Brooklyn, N.Y.,11214 All R/T/I in & to the Following Vehicles : 13 V W 3VWLP7AJ5DM254425 03 DODGE 1D7HL42XX3S110015 04 NISSAN 1N4AL11D64C141619 12 CHEVR 2G1FA1E39C9174569 97 CHEVR 1G1JF5244V7118298 98 NISSAN JN8AR05Y7WW275190 96 JEEP 1J4GZ58Y4TC296701 06 FORD 1FBSS31L26DA87547 02 DODGE 1B8GP253X2B552682 02 HONDA JHMCG66892C027478 01 SUZUKI JS3TX92VX14102827 03 HONDA 5FNRL18673B026081 98 FORD 1FMPU18L2WLC22050 02 FORD 1FMDU73E02UC20588 95 MERCURY 1MELM50UXSA647423 98 FORD 1FMZU35P0WZA76191 07 TOYOTA 4T1BE46K87U111596 00 V W 3VWSC29M2YM011458 98 NISSAN 1N4DL01D1WC192522 02 FORD 1FMZU73EX2UC71053 09 AUDI WAUSF78K39N064598 06 LINCOLN 1LNHM82V16Y613975 06 CADILLAC 1G6DW677260204526 Following Vehicles Sold With Liens 03 NISSAN JN8AZ08W63W222261 01 MITSUB JA4MT31H01P005779 06 JEEP 1J4HR48N16C210043 07 JEEP 1J8FF47W47D153602 03 HONDA 5FNRL18923B037175 05 TOYOTA 4T1BF30K35U105329 06 CHEVR 2CNDL63F366100911 08 MERCURY 2MEFM74V88X615369 08 MERCEDES 4JGBF71E98A366406 Following Vehicles Sold As Salvage 99BMW WBAAM5333XKG06788 03FORD-Lien 1FAFP55U23A140649 CASH ONLY Inspect1/2 Hr. Prior to Sale City Marshal Frank Siracusa Badge# 72 Phone (718) 855-3434
NOTICES & LOST AND FOUND (5100-5102) A special meeting of the Lot Owners of The Green-Wood Cemetery will be held at Pillsbury Winthrop Shaw Pittman, LLP, 1540 Broadway, New York, 22nd Floor, on Wednesday, March 15, 2017, at 12 Noon, to approve proposed amendments to the Charter. If you plan to attend, or would like to receive a copy of the proposed amendments, please call 718-788-7850. Jane Cuccurullo, Secretary The annual report of The Andy Warhol Foundation for the Visual Arts, Inc. is available at the address noted below for inspection during normal business hours by any citizen who so requests it within 180 days of the publication of this notice of its availability. The Andy Warhol Foundation for the Visual Arts, Inc. 65 Bleecker St. NY, NY 10012. The principal manager is Joel Wachs, President 212-387-7555.
B14
0
THE NEW YORK TIMES SPORTS WEDNESDAY, MARCH 8, 2017
N
S C O R E B OA R D
Now Playing at Connecticut: ‘Rudy II’ From First Sports Page riemma, who seldom carries a deep bench, was looking for a walk-on — traditionally a roster-filling player who seldom sees action — or two. Lawlor had been a three-sport athlete at Ansonia High School, which is in the southwest part of Connecticut about an hour and 15 minutes from Storrs. Her parents had accompanied her on tours of colleges with Division II and III programs, places where she might have counted on court time, meaningful minutes, an extension of a solid high school career. John Lawlor, who works for the school district in Naugatuck, a short drive from Ansonia, had voiced his preference for UConn, for the big-campus experience he and his wife had shared. He didn’t have to push hard. In “Rudy,” the popular 1993 biographical sports film, Daniel Ruettiger, better known as Rudy, overcomes significant obstacles — none more daunting than academics — to become a Notre Dame practice player. Conversely, Tierney Lawlor was an academic all-state player in high school, a straight-A student with plans to major in engineering — not a staple course of study at most of the smaller colleges she had visited. She chose Connecticut over Penn State “strictly for the academics,” she said, and enrolled thinking she would be the fan she always was, attending games with family members from as far back as she could recall. A friend referred her to Stewart’s post and soon she was interviewing and being put through the workout paces by Ralph, a fierce competitor who, as a player, had persevered through multiple knee operations. “I had no idea of what I was getting myself into,” Lawlor said. “But
JESSICA HILL/ASSOCIATED PRESS
Tierney Lawlor, left, cheering on UConn in January. The Huskies’ record is 148-1 since Lawlor joined the team four seasons ago. I am more of a person who puts her head down and gets to work.” In a telephone interview, Ralph said she had heard it all before from various aspirants, talking the talk, until they discovered the process was no cake walk. “Most of them give up, and some of them quit after five minutes,” she said. “In my nine years coaching, I’ve had kids come out who didn’t even know the rules of basketball. For a lot of them, it’s eye-opening when they find out how hard they have to work, two weeks of being run ragged.” Lawlor, she said, was an exception, along with Briana Pulido, who joined Lawlor as a 2013-14 season walk-on as a sophomore, doubling as a pre-med student before graduating last spring. In her interview with Ralph, Lawlor told of shooting baskets in her driveway, imagining taking passes from Diana Taurasi, from Sue Bird. She talked about her
black belt in karate, her unglamorous but arduous work on a farm with horses. In shooting drills, Ralph estimated that Lawlor was accurate about 70 percent of the time. In scrimmages with the Huskies, she was never outworked, however much she was out of her league. “She was different from Briana, who was already a college athlete, running track,” Ralph said. “Tierney had to go out every day and scrimmage against players that were head and shoulders above her, talent-wise. Players who didn’t know her, never played against her in A.A.U. ball over the summers. When people see her on the bench, I don’t think they have any idea of what she’s had to go through these last four years.” Along the way, she switched majors to animal science, hoping for a career in farming. She has had one of the best seats in the house for
PRO BASKETBALL
PRO HOCKEY
N.B.A. STANDINGS
what has been arguably the greatest stretch of winning in any team sport, experiencing one lone defeat (in overtime at Stanford in November 2014) to go along with 148 victories since she first laced up her sneakers. Put on scholarship by Auriemma for her junior season, Lawlor’s games played — overwhelmingly a few minutes at the end of Connecticut’s many blowouts — number roughly three times as many as her points scored. But ask for a personal highlight and she will not cite any one shot, or crossover dribble, or reach-in steal. “I think I have had a pretty large impact on every game as someone who can help us prepare, encourage my teammates, help call plays, so many things,” she said, surmising the existential point of it all. Rudy famously had his one endgame moment in the South Bend sun, while Lawlor has heard the crowd’s roar many times the moment she stood and pulled off her warm-up shirt. But her personal career peak came late last month, in her final regular-season home game at Gampel Pavilion. Two busloads of fans — her fans — from Ansonia watched her parents escort her to center court to receive her framed No. 20 jersey. The tearful ceremony concluded, and John and Eileen Lawlor settled into their seats with their three other teenage children near the parents of more celebrated Huskies to watch Tierney start her first game ever, alongside her fellow senior Saniya Chong in the backcourt. Ten minutes. Four shots. Zero points. Two rebounds. Two assists. Just numbers in a box score. But also, as John Lawlor said, “An experience in commitment and hard work that will serve Tierney well in life and memories that will last her forever.”
N.H.L. STANDINGS EASTERN CONFERENCE
EASTERN CONFERENCE Atlantic
Atlantic
W
Montreal
37 21 8 82 183 165
2{
Ottawa
36 22 6 78 170 167
14
Boston
34 26 6 74 182 174
23
40 .365 16{
Toronto
29 22 14 72 197 195
11
51 .177
28
Tampa
30 26 9 69 179 181
W
L
Pct
GB
Boston
40
24 .625
—
Toronto
37
26 .587
Knicks
26
38 .406
Philadelphia Nets Southeast
W
Pct
GB
Florida
29 25 11 69 162 183
Washington
37
24 .607
—
Buffalo
27 28 12 66 169 196
Atlanta
34
29 .540
4
Detroit
25 28 11 61 160 190
Miami
30
34 .469
8{
Charlotte
28
35 .444
10
Orlando
23
41 .359 15{
Central
W
L
L
42 17 6 90 207 149
Pittsburgh
40 16 8 88 223 180
—
Cleveland
42
20 .677
Rangers
43 22 2 88 216 175
Indiana
32
31 .508 10{
Islanders
31 23 11 73 192 194
Chicago
31
32 .492 11{
Phila.
31 26 8 70 170 193
Detroit
31
32 .492 11{
Carolina
26 27 10 62 156 183
Milwaukee
29
33 .468
Devils
25 29 12 62 147 189
13
WESTERN CONFERENCE
WESTERN CONFERENCE Southwest
W
L
Pct
GB —
x-San Antonio
49
13 .790
Houston
44
20 .688
6
Memphis
36
28 .563
14
Dallas
27
36 .429 22{
New Orleans
25
39 .391
Northwest
W
L
25
Pct
GB
Utah
40
24 .625
—
Oklahoma City
35
29 .547
5
Denver
29
Two quick-fire goals helped Real Madrid survive an early scare to win, 3-1, at Napoli and reach the Champions League quarterfinals for a seventh successive time.
REAL MADRID ADVANCES
Lundqvist Leads Rangers Henrik Lundqvist made 43 saves to earn his 30th win of the season and lead the Rangers over the Florida Panthers, 5-2. Nick Holden, Kevin Hayes and Chris Kreider scored for the Rangers, who won their fifth straight road game. Tanner Glass had a goal and an assist. Pavel Buchnevich added an empty-net goal. Lundqvist is the only goalie in N.H.L. history to record at least 30 wins in 11 of his first 12 seasons. Anders Lee scored two goals, including an empty-netter, and the Islanders defeated the Oilers, 4-1, in Edmonton. Thomas Greiss made 27 saves as the Islanders moved ahead of the Maple Leafs for the final playoff spot in the Eastern Conference. (NYT)
ISLES WIN ON THE ROAD
Sergei Bobrovsky made 33 saves for his third consecutive shutout, and the Columbus Blue Jackets handed the visiting Devils their eighth straight loss, 2-0.
DEVILS LOSE EIGHTH STRAIGHT
TEN N IS P RO BAS K ET BALL
Injury Sidelines Serena Williams Serena Williams withdrew from the BNP Paribas Open, which begins Wednesday, because of a left knee injury, leaving the tournament in Indian Wells, Calif., without the world’s top-ranked women’s player. The withdrawal also cost Williams a chance to retain her top ranking. Angelique Kerber, a two-time semifinalist and now the highest seed in the event, will supplant Williams. Williams said in a statement that she also won’t play the Miami Open, which begins March 21.
All news by The Associated Press unless noted.
Nowitzki Reaches Milestone Dirk Nowitzki of the Dallas Mavericks become the sixth N.B.A. player and first international player to score 30,000 points. Nowitzki got 18 of the 20 points he needed in the first quarter against the Los Angeles Lakers in Dallas, and he hit the milestone on a fadeaway jumper with 10 minutes 58 seconds left in the second quarter as the Mavericks went on to win, 122-111. Nowitzki, a 7-footer from Germany who is in his 19th season, is the third to score at least 30,000 points with one team. The others are Karl Malone (Utah) and Kobe Bryant (Lakers). The 30,000 list includes four Hall of Famers in the career leader Kareem Abdul-Jabbar
The Portland Trail Blazers overcame Russell Westbrook’s career-high 58 points to beat the Thunder, 126-121, in Oklahoma City. Allen Crabbe scored 23 points, Damian Lillard 22 and C. J. McCollum 21 for the Trail Blazers, who won their third straight. Portland shot 55 percent from the field. Westbrook shot 21 of 39, but just 6 of 15 in the fourth quarter. WESTBROOK’S 58 POINTS FALL SHORT
C O LLEG E BAS K ET BALL
Gonzaga Wins Conference Again Nigel Williams-Goss scored 22 points, Przemek Karnowski added 15 and No. 4 Gonzaga (32-1) won its fifth straight West Coast Conference tournament title by beating No. 19 Saint Mary’s (28-4), 74-56, in Las Vegas. Gonzaga shot 50 percent as it staked a claim to a potential No. 1 seed in the N.C.A.A. tournament. MOUNT ST. MARY’S EARNS BERTH Elijah Long scored 24 points, Junior Robinson added 22 and Mount St. Mary’s (19-15) rallied past St. Francis, 71-61 (16-16), in Emmitsburg, Md., to win the Northeast Conference championship and earn an automatic berth in the N.C.A.A. tournament.
PR O FO OT BALL
Jets Receiver Is Suspended The N.F.L. has suspended Jets receiver Jalin Marshall for the first four games of the 2017 season for violating the league’s policy on performance enhancers. Also a kick returner, Marshall had 14 receptions for 162 yards and two touchdowns last season, but a torn labrum in his shoulder forced him to miss six games.
L OT Pts GF GA
Chicago
42 18 5 89 198 164
Nashville
32 24 9 73 192 184
St. Louis
33 27 5 71 178 183
Winnipeg
30 31 6 66 200 209
Dallas
27 29 10 64 186 211
Colorado
18 44 3 39 126 215 W
39 19 7 85 180 152
L OT Pts GF GA
35 23 8 78 188 174
Portland
27
35 .435
12
Edmonton
Minnesota
25
37 .403
14
Anaheim
33 22 10 76 168 165
GB
Calgary
36 26 4 76 179 182
Pacific
W
L
Pct
x-Golden State
52
11 .825
—
L.A.
31 28 6 68 161 164
L.A. Clippers
38
25 .603
14
Vancou.
28 30 7 63 152 186
Sacramento
25
38 .397
27
Arizona
23 35 7 53 157 210
Phoenix
21
42 .333
31
TUESDAY
L.A. Lakers
19
45 .297 33{
x-clinched playoff spot
TUESDAY
Portland 126, Oklahoma City 121 Dallas 122, L.A. Lakers 111 Washington at Phoenix
WEDNESDAY
Knicks at Milwaukee, 8 Nets at Atlanta, 7:30 Chicago at Orlando, 7 Charlotte at Miami, 7:30 Detroit at Indiana, 8 L.A. Clippers at Minnesota, 8 Toronto at New Orleans, 8 Utah at Houston, 8 Sacramento at San Antonio, 8:30 Washington at Denver, 9 Boston at Golden State, 10:30
WEDNESDAY
(38,387 points), Malone, Michael Jordan and Wilt Chamberlain, and a highly likely one in Bryant, who is third. Julius Erving also reached the milestone with his A.B.A. career included.
42 16 6 90 213 151
San Jose
Tampa Bay 000 021 010 2—6 12 1 Yankees 100 100 200 3—7 15 2 Odorizzi, Kittredge (3), Pruitt (4), Yarbrough (6), Guerrieri (8), Walters (10), and Sucre; Sabathia, Warren (3), Heller (6), German (7), Shreve (8), Gurka (9), Lail (10), and Sanchez, Higashioka. W—Lail 1-0. L— Walters 0-1. HRs—Dickerson, Brett, Adames; Higashioka.
H O C KE Y
W
Minnesota
34 .460 10{
YANKEES 7, RAYS 6
Bayern Munich completed Arsenal’s Champions League humiliation Tuesday by inflicting another 5-1 rout on that north London club, which collapsed after its captain, Laurent Koscielny, was sent off. A night that began with protests against Manager Arsène Wenger ended with his team out of the competition in the round of 16 for the seventh consecutive season after a 10-2 aggregate loss. Koscielny was dismissed from the game after the referee initially prepared to show him a yellow card for bringing down Robert Lewandowski in the second half. The man advantage allowed Bayern to tear Arsenal apart. Arjen Robben netted after a poor clearance by goalkeeper David Ospina in the 68th minute, and Douglas Costa added a goal in the 78th before Arturo Vidal scored twice in five minutes.
Central
Pacific
Yankees 7, Tampa Bay 6, 10 innings Pittsburgh 6, Atlanta 3 Boston 5, Washington 3 Baltimore 5, Dominican Republic 4 St. Louis 9, Miami 2 Philadelphia 11, Detroit 6 Canada 7, Toronto 1 Colorado 3, Texas 2 Italy 8, Chicago Cubs 7 Cincinnati 7, Kansas City 3 San Francisco 4, L.A. Dodgers 2 San Diego 7, Mexico 3 Oakland 21, Arizona 13
Arsenal Out of Champions League After Another Rout
L OT Pts GF GA
44 14 7 95 212 139
Columbus
TUESDAY
SOCCER
Wash.
GB
BASEBALL
JOHN SIBLEY/REUTERS
Metropolitan W
Pct
SPRING TRAINING SCHEDULE
Arsenal players after allowing a goal in Bayern Munich’s 5-1 victory at Emirates Stadium in the second leg of a round-of-16 meeting.
L OT Pts GF GA
Canada vs. Yankees at Tampa, Fla., 1:05 p.m. Mets (ss) vs. Houston at West Palm Beach, Fla., 1:05 p.m. Boston vs. Mets (ss) at Port St. Lucie, Fla., 1:10 p.m. Dominican Republic vs. Pittsburgh at Bradenton, Fla., 1:05 p.m. Philadelphia vs. Atlanta at Kissimmee, Fla., 1:05 p.m. Toronto vs. Baltimore at Sarasota, Fla., 1:05 p.m. Washington vs. St. Louis at Jupiter, Fla., 1:05 p.m. Italy vs. Oakland (ss) at Mesa, Ariz., 3:05 p.m. L.A. Angels vs. Cincinnati at Goodyear, Ariz., 3:05 p.m. L.A. Dodgers vs. Milwaukee (ss) at Phoenix, 3:05 p.m. Milwaukee (ss) vs. Chicago White Sox at Glendale, Ariz., 3:05 p.m. Puerto Rico (ss) vs. San Francisco at Scottsdale, Ariz., 3:05 p.m. Venezuela (ss) vs. Kansas City at Surprise, Ariz., 3:05 p.m. Mexico (ss) vs. Arizona at Scottsdale, Ariz., 3:10 p.m. Columbia (ss) vs. Tampa Bay at Port Charlotte, Fla., 6:35 p.m. United States (ss) vs. Minnesota at Fort Myers, Fla., 7:05 p.m. Cleveland vs. Seattle at Peoria, Ariz., 9:10 p.m.
WORLD BASEBALL CLASSIC FIRST ROUND Round Robin All Times EST Pool A At Gocheok Sky Dome Seoul, South Korea Monday, March 6 Israel 2, South Korea 1, 10 innings Tuesday, March 7 Israel 15, Taiwan 7 Netherlands 5, South Korea 0 Wednesday, March 8 Taiwan vs. Netherlands, 5 a.m. Thursday, March 9 Israel vs. Netherlands, 10:30 p.m. Wednesday Taiwan vs. South Korea, 5 a.m Friday, March 10 Tiebreaker game, 4 a.m., if necessary Pool B At Tokyo Dome Tokyo Tuesday, March 7 Japan 11, Cuba 6 Wednesday, March 8 China vs. Cuba, 10 p.m. Tuesday Australia vs. Japan, 5 a.m. Thursday, March 9 Australia vs. China, 5 a.m. Friday, March 10 Australia vs. Cuba, 10 p.m. Thursday China vs. Japan, 5 a.m. Saturday, March 11 Tiebreaker game, 5 a.m., if necessary Pool C At Marlins Park Miami Thursday, March 9 Canada vs. Dominican Republic, 6 p.m. Friday, March 10 Colombia vs. United States, 6 p.m. Saturday, March 11 Canada vs. Colombia, Noon Dominican Republic vs. United States, 6:30 p.m. Sunday, March 12 Colombia vs. Dominican Republic, 12:30 p.m. Canada vs. United States, 7 p.m. Monday, March 13 Tiebreaker game, 6 p.m., if necessary Pool D At Estadio Charros de Jalisco Guadalajara, Mexico Thursday, March 9 Italy vs. Mexico, 9 p.m. Friday, March 10 Puerto Rico vs. Venezuela, 9 p.m. Saturday, March 11 Italy vs. Venezuela, 3 p.m. Mexico vs.Puerto Rico, 9:30 p.m. Sunday, March 12 Italy vs. Puerto Rico, 3:30 p.m. Mexico vs. Venezuela, 10 p.m. Monday, March 13 Tiebreaker game, 9 p.m., if necessary
Rangers 5, Florida 2 Islanders 4, Edmonton 1 Columbus 2, Devils 0 Philadelphia 6, Buffalo 3 Toronto 3, Detroit 2 St. Louis 2, Minnesota 1 Colorado 3, Carolina 1 Montreal at Vancouver Nashville at Anaheim
WEDNESDAY
Detroit at Boston, 8 Ottawa at Dallas, 8 Pittsburgh at Winnipeg, 8
RANGERS 5, PANTHERS 2 Rangers . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 2 1—5 Florida . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0 1 1—2 First Period—1, Rangers, Kreider 25 (Zuccarello, Kampfer), 9:25. 2, Rangers, Glass 1 (Miller, Lindberg), 13:00. Second Period—3, Rangers, Hayes 16 (Skjei), 4:06. 4, Florida, Vanek 16 (R.Smith, Trocheck), 11:20. 5, Rangers, Holden 10 (Glass, Lindberg), 13:14. Third Period—6, Florida, Ekblad 10 (Trocheck, Jokinen), 16:34 (pp). 7, Rangers, Buchnevich 8 (Nash), 18:15. Shots on Goal—Rangers 11-9-8—28. Florida 7-16-22—45. Power-play opportunities—Rangers 0 of 4; Florida 1 of 5. Goalies—Rangers, Lundqvist 30-17-2 (45 shots-43 saves). Florida, Reimer 12-10-5 (1915), Berra 0-0-0 (8-8). A—16,116 (17,040). T—2:31. Referees—Brian Pochmara, Justin St Pierre. Linesmen—David Brisebois, Brian Murphy.
ISLANDERS 4, OILERS 1 Islanders . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 1 2—4 Edmonton . . . . . . . . . . . . 0 1 0—1 First Period—1, Islanders, Ho-sang 1 (Hickey, Prince), 17:23 (pp). Second Period—2, Edmonton, Kassian 6 (Benning, Caggiula), 2:58. 3, Islanders, Lee 24 (Tavares, Bailey), 9:45. Third Period—4, Islanders, Ladd 18 (Nelson, Hickey), 7:04. 5, Islanders, Lee 25 (Tavares, De haan), 19:00. Shots on Goal—Islanders 8-10-9—27. Edmonton 12-7-9—28. Power-play opportunities—Islanders 1 of 1; Edmonton 0 of 2. Goalies—Islanders, Greiss 22-13-4 (28 shots-27 saves). Edmonton, Talbot 33-19-7 (26-23). A—18,347 (18,641). T—2:14. Referees—Ghislain Hebert, Mike Leggo. Linesmen—Brian Mach, Mark Wheler.
COLLEGE BASKETBALL MEN'S SCORES TOURNAMENTS ATLANTIC COAST CONFERENCE FIRST ROUND Clemson 75 . . . . . . . . . . . . NC State 61 Pittsburgh 61 . . . . . . . . Georgia Tech 59 Wake Forest 92 . . . . . Boston College 78 BIG EAST CONFERENCE CHAMPIONSHIP Marquette 86 . . . . . . . . . . . . . DePaul 78 HORIZON LEAGUE CHAMPIONSHIP N. Kentucky 59 . . . . . . . . Milwaukee 53 NORTHEAST CONFERENCE CHAMPIONSHIP Mount St. Mary’s 71 . St. Francis (Pa.) 61 SOUTHWESTERN ATHLETIC CONFERENCE FIRST ROUND Alcorn St. 63 . . . . . . . . . . . . . MVSU 60 Grambling St. 81 . . . . . . Prairie View 77 Southern U. 69 . . . . . . . . Jackson St. 63 Texas Southern 87 . . . . . Alabama St. 72 SUMMIT LEAGUE CHAMPIONSHIP S. Dakota St. 79. . . . . . . . . . Omaha 77 WEST COAST CONFERENCE CHAMPIONSHIP Gonzaga 74. . . . . . Saint Mary’s (Cal) 56
WOMEN'S SCORES TOURNAMENTS HORIZON LEAGUE CHAMPIONSHIP Green Bay 64 . . . . . . . . . . . Detroit 52 SUMMIT LEAGUE CHAMPIONSHIP W. Illinois 77 . . . . . . . . . . . . . IUPUI 69 WEST COAST CONFERENCE CHAMPIONSHIP Gonzaga 86. . . . . . Saint Mary’s (Cal) 75
SOCCER ENGLISH PREMIER LEAGUE Team GP W D Chelsea . . . . . 27 21 3 Tottenham. . . . 27 16 8 Liverpool . . . . . 27 15 7 Manchester City 26 17 4 Arsenal . . . . . . 26 15 5 Man. United . . 26 13 10 Everton. . . . . . 27 12 8 West Bromwich 27 11 7 Stoke . . . . . . . 27 9 8 Southampton . . 26 9 6 West Ham . . . . 27 9 6 Burnley . . . . . . 27 9 4 Watford . . . . . 27 8 7 Bournemouth . . 27 7 6 Leicester. . . . . 27 7 6 Swansea . . . . . 27 8 3 Crystal Palace . 27 7 4 Middlesbrough . 27 4 10 Hull . . . . . . . . 27 5 6 Sunderland . . . 27 5 4 Wednesday's Game Stoke vs. Manchester City
L 3 3 5 5 6 3 7 9 10 11 12 14 12 14 14 16 16 13 16 18
GF 57 53 58 53 55 39 44 36 32 32 36 30 33 37 30 35 35 19 24 24
GA 20 20 34 29 31 22 30 34 40 34 46 40 47 52 45 59 46 30 53 50
Pts 66 56 52 55 50 49 44 40 35 33 33 31 31 27 27 27 25 22 21 19
CHAMPIONS LEAGUE (Home teams listed first) All Times EST SECOND ROUND Second Leg Tuesday, March 7 Arsenal (England) 1, Bayern Munich (Germany) 5, Bayern Munich advanced on 10-2 aggregate Napoli (Italy) 1, Real Madrid (Spain) 3, Real Madrid advanced on 6-2 aggregate Wednesday, March 8 Barcelona (Spain) vs. Paris Saint-Germain (France), 2:45 p.m. Borussia Dortmund (Germany) vs. Benfica (Portugal), 2:45 p.m. Tuesday, March 14 Juventus (Italy) vs. Porto (Portugal), 3:45 p.m. Leicester (England) vs. Sevilla (Spain), 3:45 p.m. Wednesday, March 15 Atletico Madrid (Spain) vs. Bayer Leverkusen (Germany), 3:45 p.m. Monaco (France) vs. Manchester City (England), 3:45 p.m.
THE NEW YORK TIMES OBITUARIES WEDNESDAY, MARCH 8, 2017
'HDWKV 6 h$ h . B3 Sz. 0K30 W3 *3<sNNx o IUP3 KQ NP 3 *I. UQ h*I p. rzVk\ h$ h . Uh U$$x. i I3h <hK3Q0i * NN30 I3h. v i oI3 vK<3 <Uh Uu3h l4 x3 hi U< I3h 03uUo30 Isi$ Q0 Q0 W hoQ3h QM 3NN\ U$$x Q0 QM 0K0 Lsio $Uso 3u3hxoIKQB oUB3oI3h Q0 oI3x v3h3 oI3 NUu3 U< 3 *I UoI3hgi NKu3i\ U$$x v i $UhQ oI3 <K<oI *IKN0 U< < PKNx U< <Ush $Uxi Q0 I3hi3N<\ 3h PUoI3h. Ui3 Y h y3Nm Mh3QoZ. * P3 oU P3hK* <hUP siiK $x I3hJ i3N< i Vp x3 h UN0 o oI3 oshQ U< oI3 N io *3Qoshx Q0 I3h < oI3h P oKi Y o3yMxZ NiU hhKu30 <hUP siiK Q3 h oI3 oshQ U< oI3 N io *3Qoshx i o33Q B3h\ U$$x Nv xi *UQiK03h30 I3hi3N< i W ho U< Q 3Q0shKQB < PKNx Uu3h B3J Q3h oKUQi\ i oI3 xUsQB3io $x V@ x3 hi U< I3h <Ush $hUoI3hi. Ps*I U< I3h xUsQB *IKN0IUU0 UhK3Qo30 hUsQ0 boI3 $Uxic. oI3Kh * h3 <Uh I3h. Q0 I3h * h3 <Uh I3h PUoI3h\ I3 NUu30 I3h $hUoI3hi sQ*UQ0KJ oKUQ NNx\ IhUsBIUso I3h NK<3. U$$x * hhK30 vKoI I3h oI3 *I NN3QB3i oI o I3h PUoI3h < *30. Q0 iI3 3PsN o30 I3h PUoI3hgi 03o3hPKQ oKUQ Q0 ioh3QBoI Q0 vKNNKQBQ3ii oU <KBIo <Uh vI o iI3 $3NK3u30\ Bh 0s o3 U< sQo3h UNN3B3. U$$x *UQoKQs30 I3h iohUQB *UQQ3*oKUQ oU I3h NP P J o3h Q0 I3h iUhUhKox iKio3hi\ Uh U$$x. oIKi v i Q QJ *IUh U< *UQoKQsKox oIhUsBIUso I3h 0sNo NK<3oKP3\ U$$x v i uUh *KUsi h3 03h. oIUsBI iI3 vUsN0 U<o3Q io ho $UUMi <hUP oI3 3Q0. oI3Q K< P3hKo30 h3 0 oI3 $3BKQQKQB. Q0 <KQKiI vKoI oI3 PK00N3\ U$$x v i BUU0 oIN3o3. Q *oKu3 o3QQKi WN x3h Q0 uK0 iMK3h\ I3Q UQ3 U< I3h *IKN0h3Q Q33030 *h3v KQ i KN$U o h *KQB UQ hoI gi KQ3x h0. U$$x v i Nv xi oI3 <Khio oU LsPW KQ\ U$$xgi 3Q3hBx v i 3Q0J N3ii Q0 iI3 <KNN30 I3h NK<3 vKoI I3h uKo NKox Q0 0u3Qosh3 Q0 W iiKUQ\ U$$x v i u3hx *oKu3 KQ 3vKiI Q0 WUNKoK* N << Khi. Q0 W hoK*KW o30 KQ oI3 VSlp h*I UQ iIKQBJ oUQ <Uh *KuKN hKBIoi\ U$$x 03J *K030 oI o iI3 v Qo30 oU 03J u3NUW Q0 h3QUu o3 $sKN0KQBi. vIK*I iI3 0K0 is**3ii<sNNx UQ oI3 3 io iK03 U< QI oo Q\ Uio U< NN. iI3 v i 03uUo30 oU I3h N hB3 Q0 3wo3Q030 < J PKNx Q0 <Uh 03* 03i. iI3 *I3hKiI30 IUioKQB Q0 UhB J QKyKQB < PKNx B oI3hKQBi hUsQ0 oI3 3vKiI IUNK0 xi Q0 UoI3h 3u3Qoi\ U$$x v i h3P hM $N3 PUoI3h vIU 03uUo30 I3hi3N< oU. Q0 NKu30 <Uh. I3h oIh33 *IKN0h3Q. i3u3Q Bh Q0*IKN0h3Q. Q0 oIh33 Bh3 o J Bh Q0*IKN0h3Q\ hUP I3h UvQ NK<3 Q0 oIhUsBI 0KJ h3*o 3wIUho oKUQ. U$$x W3hJ iKio3QoNx KQiWKh30 3 *I oU h3 *I <Uh oI3Kh WUo3QoK N Q0 oU Q3u3h i3ooN3 KQ Qx iW3*o U< oI3Kh NKu3i\ I3 3wo3Q030 I3hi3N< oU I3h P Qx *UsiKQi Q0 oI3Kh *IKN0h3Q vKoI NUu3 Q0 P3QoUhiIKW\ U$$x Ki ishJ uKu30 $x I3h Isi$ Q0 QM. *IKN0h3Q vh3Q*3 3NN Y J Q3oZ. U$KQ 3NN Y IUP iZ. Q0 3UQ h0 3NN Y KQ0 Z. I3h Bh Q0*IKN0h3Q h I 3*IJ iN3h Y xZ. 3QQK<3h 3uKQ3 Y Ui3WIZ. 3ii
N$ Y I hN3iZ. KNN N$. 3iiK* 3NN Y uK0Z. UQ oI Q 3NN Y *MK3Z. Q0 N3w Q03h 3NN. Q0 I3h Bh3 oJBh Q0*IKN0h3Q NKy 3*IiN3h. *I hx 3*IiN3h. Q0 UiIs 3J uKQ3\ sQ3h N Q0 $shK N v3h3 I3N0 o oI3 hoI gi KQ3x h0 3$h3v 3Qo3h. KQ3x h0 u3Q. UQ h*I l. rzVk Q0 3PUhK N 3huK*3 v i I3N0 o 3io*I3io3h 3<UhP 3PWN3. * hi0 N3. UQ h*I k. rzVk\ UQ oKUQi KQ h$ h gi P3PUhx P x $3 i3Qo oU- I3 hoI gi KQ3J x h0 3$h3v 3Qo3h. \ \ Uw lSr. KQ3x h0 u3Q. zr>l4\
6 0v h0 \. h\ UhQ sBsio VS. VSrk. KQ iIKQBoUQ. . 0K30 3J $hs hx V4. rzVk. o IUP3 KQ UU0ioU*M. \ 3oKh30 WhU<3iiUh U< 3N3*ohK* N 3QJ BKQ33hKQB o UNxo3*IQK* QioKJ oso3 U< hUUMNxQ. *UJ soIUh U< $UUM UQ 3*UQUPK*i Q0 3Q3hJ Bx WUNK*x. i KNUh. B h03Q3h. 03uUo33 U< *N iiK* N PsiK*\ shuKu30 $x IKi vK<3. 3hQK*3 3hP Q ii30xj *IKN0h3Q NJ N3Q ii30x. o3u3Q ii30x. Px 3vKi. Q0 si QQ I g UQQ3NNj io3W*IKN0h3Q QJ *x 3hP Q Q0 N3QQ 3hJ P Qj 3KBIo Bh Q0*IKN0h3Qj ovU io3WBh Q0*IKN0h3Qj ovU Bh3 oJBh Q0*IKN0h3Q\ Ki <Khio vK<3. xNuK ii30x. 0K30 KQ VS4S\
6 QQ3 3B Q. kS. W ii30 v x sQ0 x. h*I >. rzVk <o3h NUQB <KBIo vKoI NyI3KP3hgi 0Ki3 i3\ NK<3NUQB h3iK03Qo U< QI oo Q. QQ3 v i oI3 $3J NUu30 0 sBIo3h U< oI3 N o3 KJ *I 3N Q0 hK0B3o YQ33 KoJ yW ohK*MZ 3B Q U< UsQox xU. h3N Q0. oI3 *I3hKiI30 vK<3 U< U0. iKio3h oU hx 3B Q UPKiM3x. ooI3v 3B Q. KN33Q 3B Q 3KNNx Q0 oI3 N o3 IUP i 3B Q. i v3NN i NUuKQB sQo Q0 Bh Q0 sQo oU P Qx QK3*3i. Q3WI3vi. Bh Q0QK3*3i Q0 Bh Q0Q3WI3vi\ iW hMNKQB *UQu3hi oKUQ NKio Q0 NUu3h U< NN oIKQBi hKiI. iI3 vKNN $3 Bh3 oNx PKii30 $x NN oIUi3 vIU I 0 oI3 BUU0 <UhosQ3 oU I u3 MQUvQ I3h\ Q NK3s U< <NUv3hi. 0UQ oKUQi KQ QQ3gi P3PUhx P x $3 P 03 oU J hKQB KQ0 3v UhM Kox. <UhJ P3hNx oI3 NyI3KP3hgi iiUJ *K oKUQ. I Wo3h o vvv\* hKQBMKQ0Qx*\UhB\ K3vKQB o UIQ hoKN sQ3h N UP3. VrSk Khio u3\. 3v UhM. . UQ Ishi0 x. h*I S <hUP rJ@WP Q0 kJSWP\ ii U< IhKioK Q shK N vKNN $3 *3N3$h o30 o o\ UIQ oI3 u QB3NKio oIUNK* Ish*I. p@4 io >>oI o\. 3v UhM. o Vz P UQ hK0 x. h*I Vz\
'HDWKV 6 U$3ho Ui3WI. 0K30 h*I p. rzVk\ 3 v i 4V\ 3 v i KQ Q*K N Q Nxio iW3*K NKyKQB KQ oI3 <UU0 Q0 $3u3h B3 KQ0siohx\ 3 v i $UhQ KQ 3v hM. KQ VSp>. oU Ui3WI Q0 h *3 UNP3i sPPKQi\ 3 Q0 IKi N o3 iKiJ o3h. Ui3P hx. Bh3v sW KQ NJ $ Qx. \ 3 Bh 0s o30 <hUP Uh0I P QKu3hiKoxgi *IUUN U< siKQ3ii KQ VS>k. h3*3Ku30 Q <hUP hu h0 h J 0s o3 *IUUN U< siKQ3ii 0J PKQKioh oKUQ KQ VS>S. Q0 i3hu30 i Q U<<K*3h KQ oI3 hPx KQ Q*3 UhWi\ 3 P hhK30 NNx oI3hoUQ KQ VSlV Q0 PUu30 oU 3v UhM Kox. vI3h3 I3 $3B Q IKi * h33h o U3$. IU03i U\
Q VSkS I3 LUKQ30 *IhU03h U\ Y<UhP3hNx 3hoI3KP UPW QxZ. Q0 KQ rzzz I3 LUKQ30 3NNKQBoUQ IK3N0i U. \ Q rzVV oI3 UQisJ P3h Q Nxio hUsW U< 3v UhM Y Z 3N3*o30 IKP oU oI3Kh NN U< P3\ 3 Q0 NNx 3QLUx30 v33M3Q0 IUP3 KQ M3uKNN3. \ 3 v i Q uK0 h3 03h Q0 io PW *UNN3*oUh vKoI NUu3 U< PsiK*\ 3 Ki ishuKu30 $x IKi vK<3 Q0 IKi 0 sBIo3h. U Q sPPKQi Y sN o3hQ$3hB3hZj Q0 UQ3 Bh Q00 sBIo3h. h *3 sPPKQi o3hQ$3hB3h\
Q NK3s U< <NUv3hi. 0UQ oKUQi P x $3 P 03 oU oI3 3v UhM IKNI hPUQK*\
6 3u\ Ui3WI \. \ \. B3 4z. U< oI3 UxUN 3isKo UPPsQKox. 0K30 is003QNx UQ h*I p. rzVk KQ IKN 03NWIK \ UQ U< oI3 N o3 I hN3i Q0 NKy $3oI Y hW3hZ shhK3\ hUoI3h U< 3u\ I hN3i shJ hK3. \ \ U< 3UhB3oUvQ Q0 3u\ U$3ho shhK3 U< 3Qoh N P3hK* \ h3*3030 KQ 03 oI $x IKi iKio3h 3hohs03 Y shhK3Z hB Q\ uK3vKQB vKNN $3 I3N0 UQ h*I S KQ o\ oJ oIK i Ish*I. N J xQvx0. <hUP l oU SWP NiU UQ hKJ 0 x PUhQKQB KQ *Ish*I <hUP VV-pz sQoKN Vr-V>\ sQ3h N ii vKNN $3 o Vr-pzWP <UNNUv30 KPP30K o3Nx $x KQo3hP3Qo KQ \ 3o3h Q0 sN 3P3o3hx. WhKQB<K3N0. \ 3huK*3i $x KQ Q sQ3h N UP3. IKJ N 03NWIK . \
6 ohK*M Ui3WI. >k. * hi0 N3. 0K30 UQ J osh0 x. h*I @. rzVk\ ohK*M v i $UhQ sQ3 l. VS>S KQ hUQw. 3v UhM oU oI3 N o3 K*I 3N Q0 oIN33Q UxN3\ 3NUu30 Isi$ Q0 U< K*I3NN3 \ * 3QQ J UxN3. NUuKQB < oI3h U< h 0 UxN3 Y UshoJ Q3x UxN3Z Q0 *MK3 *J
3QQ . BBK3 * 3QQ Q0 sh3Q UxN3\ 3uUo30 Bh Q0< oI3h U< u . PP Q0 s0iUQ UxN3\ 3 h $hUoI3h U< K*I 3N UxN3 Y hK3 UxN3Z Q0 KP UxJ N3\ UQJKQJN v U< *MK3 Q0 I hNUQ U$KQ3oo3. hUoI3hJKQ JN v oU IhKi U$KQ3oo3. Q*N3 oU P Qx QK3*3i Q0 Q3WI3vi Q0 $3io <hK3Q0 U< IKi < KoI<sN *UPW QKUQ. IKi 0UB *Uso\ 3 I 0 is**3ii<sN * h33h i hsio Q0 3 NoI Q B3J P3Qo w3*soKu3 KQ o\ 3o3. PW . Q0 hN Q0U. NUhK0 \ 3 Q0 IKi vK<3 K*I3NN3 h3J oshQ30 oU 3v UhM KQ rzVr <Uh I3h WUiKoKUQ vKoI oI3 \ 3 v i 0K3 I h0 QM33 Q. Q Nv xi IUW3<sN 3v UhM 3o Q Q0 NUu30 $3KQB W ho U< oI3 PKNx oI3 W io <Ku3 i3 iUQi\ NNKQB Ushi o oI3 h30 \ * h oI UQ. sQ3h N UP3. hUQwJ uKNN3 $3ov33Q oI3 IUshi U< @ oU 4WP Ishi0 x\ ii U< IhKiJ oK Q shK N. o\ Ui3WIgi Ish*I. hUQwuKNN3 UQ hK0 x. h*I Vz. rzVk o Vz-@> P\ Q NK3s U< <NUv3hi. *UQohK$soKUQi P x $3 P 03 KQ IKi IUQUh oU UhoI IUh3 QKP N 3 Bs3. UQohK$soKUQi KQ P3PUhx U< ohK*M P x $3 P 03 oU oI3 UhoI IUh3 QKP N 3 Bs3. r> uKi u3Qs3. Uho iIJ KQBoUQ. VVz>z vvv\ QKP N N3 Bs3\UhBmisWWUhomIUv J xUs J* QJ I3NWmIUQUh hxJBK<oi
6 KN. I . lS. U<o3Q 03i*hK$30 i <Uh*3 U< Q J osh3. 0K30 h*I @\ I3 v i NK<3NUQB N3 hQ3h. iohUQB 0J uU* o3 <Uh oI3 oIKQBi iI3 $3J NK3u30 KQ Q0 oI3 W3UWN3 iI3 NUu30. Q0 I 0 WhU<UsQ0 KPJ W *o UQ oI3 NKu3i U< P Qx\ I3 v i NUuKQB PUoI3h oU iUQi ooI3v Q0 Q0h3v. oI3Kh vKu3i 33 Q0 3NKQ0 . 0UhKQB Bh Q0PUoI3h oU soI Q0 NK*3. Q0 Ki ishuKu30 $x I3h iKio3h Q*x. $hUoI3hJKQJ N v K*I 3N. Q3WI3v h30 Q0 IKi vK<3 P QoI \ Q<UhJ P oKUQ UQ P3PUhK N i3hJ uK*3 vKNN $3 u KN $N3 UQ KNgi *3$UUM W B3\
6 3*KN3 x3h. W ii30 v x KQ 3v UhM Kox UQ h*I k. rzVk o B3 Sr <UNNUvKQB NUQB KNNQ3ii\ I3 Nv xi P KQo KQ30 I3h v hP iPKN3. $hKBIo 3x3i Q0 B3QoN3. * hKQB P QQ3h\ Uh >l x3 hi iI3 v i oI3 NUuKQB vK<3 U< h\ 3UQ 3ho3N. vIU W ii30 v x KQ rzz4\ I3 vKNN $3 PKii30 $x I3h 0UhKQB *IKN0J h3Q. NKi 3ho3N hiMx Q0 hN hiMx. I3h33Q 3ho3N soP Q Q0 Uv h0 soP Q i v3NN i Bh Q0*IKN0h3Q. Ps3N Y 3$Uh IZ Q0 WIo NK hiMx Q0 3NKii Q0 o3WI3Q soP Q\ I3 v i NiU u3hx *NUi3 oU I3h N o3 $hUoI3h 0PsQ0 x3h. IKi vK<3 K0K . i v3NN i I3h QK3*3i Q0 Q3WI3vi Q0 oI3Kh *IKN0h3Q\ UhQ KQ hy3PxiN. UN Q0. 3*KN3 3ho3N h3J *3Ku30 I3h 30s* oKUQ KQ UJ N Q0 Q0 KQ sQB hx 0shKQB oI3 3*UQ0 UhN0 h\ UNJ NUvKQB NK$3h oKUQ. iI3 h3J *3Ku30 03Bh33 KQ N QBs B3i Q0 NKo3h osh3 <hUP oI3 QKJ u3hiKox U< sQK*I\ I3 KPPKJ Bh o30 oU oI3 QKo30 o o3i Q0 NKu30 KQ 3v UhM Q0 3v 3hi3x. 3u3Qos NNx i3oJ oNKQB Q0 h KiKQB I3h < PKNx KQ io hsQivK*M\ I3h3 iI3 v i *oKu3 KQ i*IUUN Q0 *UPPsQKox *oKuKoK3i\ I3 v i W iiKUQ o3 NUu3h U< I3h 3vKiI I3hKo B3 Q0 oI3 N Q0 U< ih 3N\ I3 P KQo KQ30 *NUi3 oK3i oU <hK3Q0i Q0 < PKJ Nx KQ shUW3. ih 3N Q0 *hUii oI3 QKo30 o o3i\ 3h MKQ0Q3ii U< I3 ho. v hPoI Q0 B3Q3hUiKox U< iWKhKo oIhUsBIUso I3h NK<3 i3hu3i i Q KQiWKh oKUQ oU NN vIU MQ3v I3h\ sQ3h N i3huK*3i vKNN $3 UQ 30Q3i0 x. h*I 4. o Vz-V> P o N y 3vKiI UPPsQKox I W3N. Pio3hJ 0 P u3Qs3 o SVio oh33o Q0 iIKu vKNN $3 o oI3 soJ P Q Q0 hiMx IUP3i\ UJ Q oKUQi KQ I3h P3PUhx * Q $3 P 03 oU oI3 3hoy$3hB NNK oKu3 h3 QioKoso3. Uw Vzkz. UsQo KQ K UiWKo N. 3v UhM. VzzrS\
'HDWKV 6 KP N I Q0h . . . W ii30 v x sQ3wW3*J o30Nx UQ Qs hx S. rzVk. <o3h i3u3h N 0 xi U< IUiWKo NKy J oKUQ o s33Qgi 30K* N 3QJ o3h KQ UQUNsNs. \ h\ IUiI v i kS x3 hi UN0. Q0 I 0 Q KNNsiohKUsi * h33h i ishJ B3UQ KQ oI3 QKo30 o o3i. vUhMKQB KQ NNKQUKi. oI3 iIJ KQBoUQ. h3 . Q0 3v UhM $3<Uh3 h3oKhKQB KQ rzzS\ 3 v i PUio h3*3QoNx hU<3iJ iUh U< shB3hx o o o3 QKJ u3hiKox U< 3v UhM. UvQJ io o3 30K* N 3Qo3h Q0 IK3< U< shB3hx o hUUMNxQ 3o3h Qgi UiWKo N\ h\ IUiI NiU iW3Qo P Qx x3 hi KQ oI3 \ \ ux. io oKUQ30 WhKP hKJ Nx o oI3 3oI3i0 u N UiJ WKo N\ UhQ KQ K PUQ0 hJ $Ush. 3QB N. KQ Wh3JW hoKoKUQ
Q0K . h\ IUiI Bh3v sW KQ
UNM o Y N*soo Z Q0 iosJ 0K30 P30K*KQ3 oI3h3 Q0 KQ 3v 3NIK $3<Uh3 KPPKBh oJ KQB oU oI3 KQ oI3 N o3 VSlzi vKoI IKi vK<3 sQ . NiU WIxiK*K Q Q0 *N iiP o3\ 3 v i $3NUu30 P3QoUh Q0 o3 *I3h oU P Qx iosJ 03Qoi. h3iK03Qoi. Q0 <3NNUvi KQ ishB3hx Uu3h NUQB * h33h i 03o KN30 KQ IKi P3PUKh b ohsBBN3i Q0 s**3ii3i U< Q * 03PK* shB3UQ.c Ws$J NKiI30 KQ rzz4\ Ki NUu3 U< oh uJ 3N Q0 KQo3h3ioi KQ *shh3Qo 3u3Qoi Q0 IKioUhx U**sWK30 IKP 0shKQB h3oKh3P3Qo. Q0 I3 Ki ishuKu30 $x IKi vK<3. 0 sBIo3h Y KQKZ. iUQ Y IsuUZ. Q0 0 sBIo3hJKQJN v Y QJ 0h33 Z\
6 *M uK0\ Qs hx VS. VSrS J h*I >. rzVk\ *I hPKQB P Q U< u J hK30 KQo3h3ioi W ii30 v x UQ sQ0 x. h*I >oI\ 3 v i 44 x3 hi UN0\ s**3ii<sN i Q 3Qoh3Wh3Q3sh KQ oI3 3N3*ohUJ QK*i KQ0siohx. I3 NUu30 oI3 $ NN3o. ho Psi3sPi. oI3 UUW3h QKUQ. i KNKQB Q0 3iW3*K NNx IKi < PKNx\ *M vKNN NUQB $3 h3P3P$3h30 i P Q <Uh NN i3 iUQi\
6 *M. W ii30 v x W3 *3<sNNx UQ h*I >. rzVk o oI3 B3 U< 44\ h3iJ K03Qo U< 3v UhM Kox. I3 v i Bh 0s o3 U< UUW3h QKUQ Q0 oI3 <UsQ03h U< Wh Bs3J UU0P Q N3*ohUJ QK*i\ 3 v i $hKNNK Qo 3QJ BKQ33h Q0 I3N0 QsP3hUsi W o3Qoi <Uh u hKUsi * W *KJ oUhi\ 3 isWWNK30 P Qx 3N3*J ohUQK* *UPWUQ3Qoi oU Q0 P Qx U< IKi * W *KoUhi h3 UQ oI3 PUUQ\ 3 NUu30 oI3 oI3 o3h. BUU0 $UUMi. Bh3 o h3io sh Qoi Q0 PUioNx IKi < PKNx\ 3 v i Wh303J *3 i30 $x IKi $3NUu30 vK<3. N Kh3. Q0 IKi $hUoI3h. J hUN0\ 3 Ki ishuKu30 $x IKi ovU NUuKQB *IKN0h3Q. 3oI Q0 hN . oI3Kh iWUsi3i. Q0 IKi oIh33 0UhKQB Bh Q0*IKN0h3Q. hK3NN3. PP . Q0 UNNx\ 3 Ki NiU ishuKu30 $x IKi 03uUoJ 30 *UPW QKUQ. Q*x h J $Uv\ h u3iK03 KQo3hP3Qo Ki UQ h*I 4. rzVk o VV-pz P o 3v UQo3<KUh3 3P3o3hx KQ $xNUQ. UQB iN Q0\
6 o NK3 KQQ. VSr>JrzVk. <UhP3hNx U< PJ $hK0B3. 0K30 U< Q osh N * si3i KQ h iUo . NUhK0 . h*I V. rzVk\ I3 Ki ishuKu30 $x I3h $hUoI3h U$3ho \ KQQ Q0 vK<3 0KoI. I3h *IKN0h3Q 3h3Px h. si Q u3 h. UQ oI Q h Q0 vK<3 KQ0 Q0 Bh Q0*IKN0h3Q 3iiK* . KNNK P. 0 P UhJ UvKoy. 3N Q0 x3N3o h\ P3PUhK N i3huK*3 vKNN $3 I3N0 o UsQo s$shQ 3P3J o3hx. oI3 KB3NUv I W3N. P$hK0B3. . h*I Vl. rzVk o VV P\
6 KN0h30\ Y sQ3 rS. VSpl J h*I @. rzVkZ KNNK3 v i <3Kiox. <sQQx Q0 KQo3NNKB3Qo vUP Q\ I3 v i $UhQ KQ oI3 iNsPi U< oI3 hUQw. 3w*3NN30 i $hKNNK Qo P oI ios03Qo o oI3 hUQw KBI *IUUN U< *K3Q*3 Q0 hQ h0 UNN3B3. Q0 v i PUQB oI3 <Khio vIU WWNK30 *UPWso3h ixio3Pi Q Nxi3i oU iUNu3 $siKQ3ii WhU$N3Pi\ I3 v i UQ oI3 o3 P U< *UPJ Wso3h Q Nxioi o $sN oKQB Q0 Wh30K*oKQB oI3 KwUQ J
3QQ30x 3N3*oKUQ KQ VSlz\ <J o3h h3oKhKQB oU h Ki3 oIh33 *IKN0h3Q. iI3 WWNK30 I3h P oI3P oK* N Q0 0PKQKiJ oh oKu3 iMKNNi oU UhB QKy3 oI3 $s0B3oi U< oI3 PKo Q3ovUhM U< i*IUUNi KQ ih 3N. $3*UPKQB PKogi h3 ish3h Q0 0PKJ QKioh oKu3 K*3J h3iK03Qo\ 3h o N3Qoi. WWNK30 KQ <h3_s3Qo $s0B3o h3uK3vi KQ ih 3N. 3QJ $N30 oI3 PKo Q3ovUhM oU BhUv oU VVz i*IUUNi. Q0 oU $3*UP3 Q 3w3PWN h U< u J Ns3iJ$ i30 30s* oKUQ. h KiKQB WUUh Q0 h3*3QoNx J KPPKBh o30 ih 3NK *IKN0h3Q oU IKBI * 03PK* Q0 o3*IQUNUJ BK* N N3u3Ni. i3QiKoKu3 NiU oU 3vKiI PUh N Q0 h3NKBKUsi u Ns3i\ KNNK3 0K30 oIKi W io osh0 x PUhQKQB. Uu3h*UP3 $x *hs3N *UP$KQ oKUQ U< NJ yI3KP3hgi Q0 \ I3 Ki ishuKu30 $x I3h Isi$ Q0 U< >@ x3 hi. NuKQ 3NN3hio3KQ. I3h $hUoI3h. hvKQ hMUv. I3h oIh33 *IKN0h3Q. KQ . s0KoI Q0 Ui3WI. Q0 i3u3Q Bh Q0J *IKN0h3Q. soI. 3 I. K*I 3N. Ps3N Q0 UNUPUQ 3NN3hJ io3KQ Q0 *I3N Q0 *M 3oyB3h\ 3h P3PUhx vKNN $N3ii NN vIU MQ3v I3h\ UQJ ohK$soKUQi KQ I3h P3PUhx P x $3 P 03 oU PKo. 4Vk hU 0v x. 3v UhM Vzzzp\ sQ3h N 3huK*3i vKNN $3 I3N0 UQ0 x. h*I l o Ku3hJ iK03 I W3N. Vz P. kloI Q0 Pio3h0 P\
6 h\ 3o3h \. \ \. U< 3u3hNx U 0. h3 o 3*M. W ii30 v x W3 *3<sNNx ovU v33Mi iIUho U< IKi 4loI $KhoI0 x UQ 3$hs hx r>. rzVk KQ K PK\ 3 v i hU<3iiUh U< 0KUNUBx o hu h0 30K* N *IUUN VSkV J VS4p\ I KhP Q U< 0KUNUBx. UQB
iN Q0 3vKiI UiWKo N VS4p J rzzz\ 3 Ki ishuKu30 Q0 iUh3Nx PKii30 $x vK<3 NKy $3oI. IKi iUQ vh3Q*3 3hP Q. Q0 IKi 3wo3Q030 < PKNx\
'HDWKV
J 6 U$3ho b U$$xc U< Uho 33. 3v 3hi3x\ ii30 v x UQ h*I >. rzVk W3 *3<sNNx <o3h NUQB KNNQ3ii\ uK*oKP U< oI3 UNKU 3WK03PK* U< oI3 N o3 VS@zgi. U$$x vUhM30 oKh3N3iiJ Nx i Q 0uU* o3 <Uh W3UWN3 vKoI 0Ki $KNKoK3i\ I3 v i BK<o30 h*I3h Q0 IUN0i BUN0 P30 N <hUP oI3 W3*K N NxPWK*i\ i 0Kh3*oUh U< oI3 3W hoP3Qo U< hUBh Pi Q0 3huK*3i <Uh W3UWN3 vKoI 0Ki $KNKoK3i o KQ*UNQ 3Qo3h. iI3 I3NW30 oU P M3 oI3 hoi u KN $N3 oU NN\ U$$x v i NiU u3hx WhUs0 oU $3 oIh33 oKP3 h3iK03Qo U< oI3 UhUWoKJ PKioi Qo3hQ oKUQ N U< QJ I oo Q\ Uh QxUQ3 vIU MQ3v I3h. oI3x sQ03hioUU0 I3h NUu3 Q0 03uUoKUQ oU QKP Ni W hJ oK*sN hNx oK3 Q0 iW3h. I3h bMK0i\c 3h NKio U< **UPJ WNKiIP3Qoi Ki oUU NUQB oU WhKQo\ 3h < PKNx Q0 <hK3Q0i v3h3 3u3hxoIKQB oU I3h\ I3 Ki ishJ uKu30 $x I3h *UsiKQi. 0v h0 Q0 v3Q. 3o3h Q0 hx Q0 \ K*I h0 Q0 hUN i v3NN i oI3Kh *IKN0h3Q. w. UQ oI Q. Px. KNN. K*IUN i.
oIhxQ. h3BUhx. NKiUQ. N3wKi. o3WI QK3. 3uKQ. 3QJ Qx. UIQ. KNN. 3QQK<3h. Q0x.
KP. shK3. iI3h. NKiUQ. hM. Uh0 Q. P QoI . J QK3N Q0 oIN33Q\ sQ3h N i3huK*3 30Q3i0 x VV-pz P o h QM \ PW$3NN b I3 sQ3h N I W3N.c 4Vio oh33o Q0 0KiUQ u3\ Q NK3s U< <NUv3hi. WN3 i3 i3Q0 0UQ J oKUQi KQ oI3 Q P3 U< U$$x KN3i oU oI3 . @r@ io SrQ0 oh33o. . \
6 N KQ3 ioI3h. W ii30 v x W3 *3J <sNNx UQ h*I >oI. rzVk\ h3J *3030 $x I3h NUuKQB Isi$ Q0 xQ h0\ 3NUu30 PUoI3h U< 3hK Q0 oI3 N o3 uK0 N J i3h. KP Q0 hhx UsBN i. h KB Q0 KNN U3QKBi$3hB\ 0Uh30 Bh Q0PUoI3h U< K*I3N3. 3QQK<3h. sioKQ. sh3Q. U$3ho. h*. J QK3NN3. KMMK Q0 M3\ UuKQB sQo oU oI3 *IKN0h3Q U< I3h N o3 $hUoI3hi UN. huKQB Q0 u3x\ i Ush WKNN h U< ioh3QBoI I3h WhU<UsQ0 NUu3 vKNN Nv xi BsK03 si\ sQ3h N i3huK*3 oU $3 I3N0 o 3PWN3 P Qs3N U< h3 o 3*M. V>z K*Mi Q3. h3 o 3*M. UQ h*I SoI. rzVk o VV P\
Qo3hP3Qo oU <UNNUv o 3v UQo3<KUh3 3P3o3hx. hJ PKQB0 N3. \ Uh KQ<UhP J oKUQ. WN3 i3 *UQo *o Ku3hiK03 ii s UhoI I W3Ni. >VlJ@4kJSlzz\
6 N KQ3\ Q KQ*h30K$Nx NUuKQB sQo. Bh3 o sQo. Q0 0Us$N3 Bh3 o sQo oU si NN\ i Ush < oI3hgi UQNx iKio3h. Q0 oI3 N io U< <Ush iK$NKQBi oI o KQ*Ns030 $hUoI3hi uK0. huKQB Q0 UN. v3 h3 iU Bh o3<sN oU I u3 I 0 sQo N KQ3 KQ Ush NKu3i <Uh iU P Qx vUQ03h<sN x3 hi\ UoIKQB * Q h3WN *3 I3h sQK_s3 v hPoI Q0 iW3J *K N iPKN3\ sh I3 ho<3No *UQJ 0UN3Q*3i oU Ush $3NUu30 *UsJ iKQi 3hK. KP. h KB. Q0 oI3Kh < PKNK3i\ Ush PUoI3hgi Q0 Bh Q0PUoI3hgi P3PUhx vKNN Nv xi $3 $N3iiKQB\ b x xUs $3 *UP<Uho30 PUQB oI3 PUshQ3hi U< KUQc UhK Q. huKQ. *U$. Qs. xN . Kh . iI3h. PK3. Q Ki. 3Q. N Q . oL . K*I 3N. Ux . Uh3io. UWIK . i *. NUx0. K*oUhK . 3BKQ . K*I h0. 3Qhx Q0 U$3ho
6 N KQ3\ 3 h3 033WNx i 003Q30 $x oI3 NUii U< Ush iKio3hJKQJN v Q0 sQo\ sh I3 ho<3No ixPJ W oIK3i BU Uso oU 3hK. KP. h KB Q0 oI3Kh < PKNK3i\ 3 I 0 NUo U< BUU0 oKP3i Q0 N sBIi oUB3oI3h\ I3 vKNN $3 iUh3Nx PKii30 $x NN vIU MQ3v I3h Q0 NUu30 I3h\ Uu3. I3 uK0 Q0 hhK3o UN0P Q PKNx
6 N KQ3\
o Ki vKoI 033W iUhhUv oI o v3 h3*Uh0 oI3 W iiKQB U< Ush 3iJ o33P30 P3P$3h. N KQ3
U3QKBi$3hB. Q0 3wo3Q0 Ush 033W3io ixPW oIx oU I3h < PKNx\ N0 3io$shx UN< UsQohx Ns$ hhx vK0N3h. h3iK03Qo <Uh oI3 U h0 U< Uu3hQUhi
6 N KQ3\ I3 < PKNx U< UN Q0 KNNK Q UN0P Q PUshQ oI3 NUii U< Ush 03 h sQo N KQ3\ 3 3wJ o3Q0 Ush I3 ho<3No *UQ0UN3QJ *3i oU 3hK. h KB Q0 KNN. KP Q0 hhx Q0 oI3 3QoKh3
U3QKBi$3hB < PKNx\
6 UhUoIx h$ h . SV. W3 *3<sNNx W ii30 v x o I3h IUP3 KQ QI oo Q UQ UQ0 x. h*I l. rzVk\ I3 v i $UhQ UQ x pz. VSr> oU IUP i \ 33 Q0 hK3 \ Y 3 hQiZ 33\ I3 v i Wh303J *3 i30 $x I3h W h3Qoij I3h $3NUu30 iKio3h. h *3 Y 33Z IKNNKWij Q0 I3h NUQBoKP3 $3io <hK3Q0. 3hohs03 oyMU<<\ UhUoIx oo3Q030 3v UhM QKu3hiKox Q0 UNsP$K QKJ u3hiKox. 3 hQKQB I\ \ KQ Wix*IUNUBx\ I3 vUhM30 i i*IUUN Wix*IUNUBKio <Uh oI3 3v UhM Kox 3W hoP3Qo U< 0s* oKUQ <Uh PUh3 oI Q <Uhox x3 hi\ hK3Q0i 03J i*hK$30 I3h i sh$ Q3. vKoox. MKQ0. Q0 <sQQx. $so Ko Ki I3h NK<3NUQB B3Q3hUiKox Q0 *UPJ PKoP3Qo oU *I hKo $N3 BKuKQB oI o vKNN $3 UhUoIxgi N3B *x KQ oI3 x3 hi oU *UP3\ h3J *3WoKUQ Q0 <sQ3h N i3huK*3 h3 i*I30sN30 <Uh Vz-pz P UQ s3i0 x. h*I V@. rzVk o h QM \ PW$3NN sQ3h N I W3N. Vzkl 0KiUQ u3Qs3 KQ QI oo Q\ Q NK3s U< <NUvJ 3hi. WN3 i3 i3Q0 0UQ oKUQi KQ UhUoIxgi Q P3 oU Qx U< oIh33 *I hKoK3i *NUi3 oU UhJ UoIxgi $3Q3<K*3Qo I3 ho- YVZ Q*3h h3. Q*\. rk> 3u3QoI u3Qs3. 3v UhM. VzzzVj YrZ oI3 P3hK* Q 3 ho iiUJ *K oKUQ. \ \ Uw @Vkzz>. UiJ oUQ. zrr@VJkzz>j Uh YpZ oI3 PUQ sQxUQ Q*3h 3J i3 h*I UsQ0 oKUQ. Q3 wJ *I QB3 N y . >> hU 0v x. sKo3 pzr. 3v UhM. Vzzzl\
6 3N3Q\ I3 hsio33i Q0 o << U< oI3 3v UhM NN U< *K3Q*3 3wJ o3Q0 oI3Kh 033W3io ixPJ W oIK3i oU oI3 < PKNx U< 3N3Q hiI NN. <UhP3h s33Qi UhUsBI h3iK03Qo. i oI3x PUshQ I3h W iiKQB\ NUQB oKP3 isWWUho3h Q0 <hK3Q0 U< . 3N3Q vKNN $3 03 hNx PKii30\
'HDWKV 6 si Q YQ33 si Q Q3 NUiMxZ W ii30 v x UQ oI3 3u3QKQB U< h*I >. rzVk KQ I3h IUP3 KQ 3v UhM Kox vKoI I3h < PKNx Wh3i3Qo\ si Q v i $UhQ UQ x VS. VS@z Q0 30s* o30 KQ 3v UhM Kox o I3 K3N0ioUQ *IUUN Q0 I3 NoUQ *IUUN. Q0 iI3 3 hQ30 $ *I3NUhi 03Bh33 o 3QQKQBJ oUQ UNN3B3 KQ VSlr\ I3 I 0 *UQisPKQB KQo3h3io KQ ho\ Uh PUh3 oI Q oIKhox x3 hi. iI3 i3hu30 i uUNsQo33h oU *sh J oUhi U< i3u3h N 03W hoP3Qoi o oI3 3ohUWUNKo Q si3sP U< ho KQ 3v UhM 0UKQB h3J i3 h*I Q0 iiKioKQB oI3P KQ oI3Kh vhKoKQBi\ u3h oI3 *Ushi3 U< I3h * h33h o oI3 3o. si Q $3* P3 i3N<J o sBIo KQ03W3Q03Qo i*IUN h vIU WhU0s*30 I3h UvQ vhKoJ KQBi Q0 N3*osh30 KQ oI3 QKoJ 30 o o3i. QKo30 KQB0UP. 3NBKsP. o Nx. W Q. Q0 $3J xUQ0\ I3 Ki ishuKu30 $x I3h Isi$ Q0 N Q \ KNN3h. I3h iUQi Q0h3v Q0 K*I 3N. Q0 I3h Bh Q00 sBIo3h QJ Q I \ KNN3h\ I3h3 vKNN $3 WhKu o3 <sQ3h N <Uh < PKNx. Q0 *3N3$h oKUQ U< si Qgi NK<3 vKNN $3 WN QQ30 <Uh oI3 *UPKQB WhKQB\ Q NK3s U< <NUvJ 3hi. BK<oi P x $3 P 03 oU oI3 si Q Q0 N Q KNN3h sQ0 <Uh h3 io Q*3h 3i3 h*I Q0 oK3Qo h3 o Q h$3h Q*3h QioKoso3 KQ P3PUhx U< si Q KNN3h oU isWWUho h3i3 h*I Q0 W oK3Qo * h3 o Q h$3h Q*3h
QioKoso3. \ \ Uw 4@SVl4. UiJ oUQ. zrr4@ Uh uK vvv\0 Q J< h$3h\UhBmBK<o\
6 sho\ I3 3ohUWUNKo Q W3h PUshQi oI3 03 oI U< sho UNN. UQ3 U< oI3 N3B3Q0 hx uUK*3i U< oI3 rzoI *3Qoshx. vIU i QB Vr4 W3h<UhP Q*3i vKoI oI3 *UPW Qx Uu3h oI3 *Ushi3 U< rk x3 hi\ I3 3hJ P Q $ ii P 03 IKi 3o 03J $so KQ VSk4 i oI3 Q0Bh < KQ QQI si3h Q0 i QB Vz UoIJ 3h hUN3i vKoI oI3 *UPW Qx. h QBKQB <hUP iPKQ KQ K3 Qo<sIhsQB si 03P 3h KN Q0 h iohU KQ K3 s$3hJ <NUo3 oU shQ3P Qy KQ hiKJ < N. sQ0KQB KQ K3 NMsh3. Q0 hUQ *Ii KQ 3h Ui3QM u NK3h\ 3 3wo3Q0 Ush *UQ0UN3Q*3i oU IKi <hK3Q0i Q0 < PKNx\ 3o3h 3N$. 3Q3h N Q B3h P3i 3uKQ3. siK* Kh3*oUh P3hKosi
6 3<<h3x \ \ \. I\ \ KoI 033W3io iUhhUv. v3 PUshQ oI3 sQoKP3Nx W iiKQB U< Ush <hK3Q0 Q0 3io33P30 *UNN3 Bs3. 3<<h3x \ x3. . I . K*3 h3iK03Qo. 3shUi*K3Q*3 QQUu oKUQ Q0 *K3QoK<K* hoQ3hiIKW oh o3J Bx. UIQiUQ UIQiUQ QQUJ u oKUQ\ 3 v i >k x3 hi UN0\ 3<< v i $hKNNK Qo Q3shUNUJ BKio Q0 Q3shUi*K3QoKio Q0 IKBINx h3iW3*o30 * 03PK*\ o Ki I h0 oU < oIUP oI3 P BQKJ os03 U< oIKi NUii oU Ush *UPJ PsQKox\ NN U< si vIU v3h3 Ns*Mx 3QUsBI oU I u3 vUhM30 vKoI 3<< MQUv I3 h3Wh3i3QoJ 30 oI3 <KQ3io K03 Ni KQ i*K3Q*3\ 3 v i 3woh Uh0KQ hKNx 030KJ * o30. W iiKUQ o3 $Uso IKi vUhM. KQo3NNKB3Qo. Q0 *shKUsi\ 3<< Nv xi WsiI30 <Uhv h0 KQ oI3 _s3io oU N3 hQ PUh3 Q0 oU iI h3 NN oI o v i 0KiJ *Uu3h30\ 3 N30 oI3 <UhP J oKUQ U< P Qx WhU0s*oKu3 i*K3QoK<K* *UNN $Uh oKUQi vKoI sQKu3hiKoK3i Q0 h3i3 h*I *UQiUhoK . Q0 0uU* o30 <Uh 0u Q*3P3Qo U< i*K3Q*3 KQ * 03PK oIhUsBI P Qx iWUQiUhiIKWi Q0 WIKN QoIhUJ Wx\ 3<< Wh3uKUsiNx I3N0 i3uJ 3h N hUN3i o oI3 Qii3Q I hP *3soK* N UPW QK3i U< UIQiUQ UIQiUQ. KQ*Ns0J KQB IK3< 30K* N <<K*3h U< oI3 io U io 3i3 h*I Q0 hNx 3u3NUWP3Qo sQKo. K*3 h3iK03Qo U< wW3hKP3Qo N 30K*KQ3. Q0 K*3 h3iK03Qo U< 3u3NUWP3Qo\ Ki WhU<3iiKUQ N NK<3 v i P hM30 $x oKh3N3ii i3huK*3 oU oI3 N hJ B3h i*K3QoK<K* *UPPsQKox. $x 03iKh3 oU iM Q0 Qiv3h KPWUho Qo i*K3QoK<K* _s3ioKUQi Q0. $Uu3 NN. oU P M3 h3 N 0K<<3h3Q*3 vKoI IKi h3i3 h*I\ 3 v i IUQUh30 vKoI QsP3J hUsi v h0i h3*UBQKyKQB IKi i*K3QoK<K* *sP3Q Q0 IKi 03J 0K* oKUQ oU KPWhUuKQB oI3 I3 NoI U< W3UWN3 vUhN0vK03\ 3<< vKNN $3 PKii30 PUio *so3Nx $x IKi NUuKQB < PKNx $so NiU $x IKi P Qx 0PKhJ KQB *UNN3 Bs3i. $UoI I3h3 o Qii3Q Q0 o UIQiUQ UIQiUQ Q0 KQ oI3 N hB3h Q3shUi*K3Q*3 *UPPsQKox\ 3 I u3 NUio Q KPWUho Qo Q0 $3NUu30 < PKNx P3P$3h\ 3 3wWh3ii Ush 033W ixPJ W oIx oU IKi $3NUu30 vK<3. KhK P I NU<<. IKi iUQi. wv3NN Q0 3U x3. IKi 3wJ o3Q030 < PKNx. Q0 NN U< IKi <hK3Q0i Q0 NUu30 UQ3i\ 3 vKNN PKii 3<< u3hx Ps*I\ KNNK P \ Ko. NU$ N 3 0. Qii3Q 3i3 h*I 3u3NUWP3Qo sii3KQK \ QLK. NU$ N 3 0. 3shUi*K3Q*3 I3h W3soK* h3 . Qii3Q 3i3 h*I 3u3NUWP3Qo U$3ho h$ Q. 3 0. UIQiUQ UIQiUQ
QQUu oKUQ. UioUQ
6 U$3ho UNKQ. 0K30 h*I l. rzVk o IKi W hoP3Qo <o3h NUQB $ ooN3 vKoI MK0Q3x 0Ki3 i3 Q0 x3o UQ IKi UvQ o3hPi\ 3 v i $UhQ x p. VSpr KQ UN< w. \ U$3ho v i Q 3w*3WJ oKUQ NNx 03uUo30 Q0 030K* oJ 30 iUQ. $hUoI3h. *UsiKQ. sQ*N3 Q0 <hK3Q0\ 3 v i oI3 *I3hJ KiI30 iUQ U< y3N 0 UNKQ Q0 U$3ho \ \ i$UhQ3j $hUoI3h U< U Q i$UhQ3 3*Mj <Khio *UsiKQ U< si Q hKBIo Q0 KQ0 KBI Pj sQ*N3 U< Q0x h P3h. I3hJ xN BQ3h Q0 3QK BQ3hj Q0 oI3Kh < PKNK3i\ 3 Q3u3h PKii30 Q UWWUhosQKox oU $hKQB < PKNx Q0 <hK3Q0i oUB3oI3h\ shQ3h N iiK* UJ uK3i IUio Q0 <KNP IKioUhK Q. U$3ho v i $3NUu30 Wh3J i3Q*3 UQ oI3 o3N3uKiKUQ i*h33Q Q0 UQ oI3 ioh33oi. vI3h3 < Qi *UQio QoNx WJ WhU *I30 IKP. U<o3Q iI33J WKiINx. QUo oU iM <Uh Q soUJ Bh WI $so oU oI QM IKP <Uh M33WKQB NKu3 oI3 Bh3 o PUJ uK3i U< x3 hi W io\ U IKi < J PKNx Q0 <hK3Q0i. I3 v i oI3 i P3 vKoox Q0 v hP W3hiUQ xUs i v UQ o3N3uKiKUQ. o 0 <sQQK3h Q0 PUh3 Khh3u3h3Qo W3hI Wi. $so Nv xi * hKQB Q0 B3QsKQ3Nx KQo3h3io30 KQ oIUi3 hUsQ0 IKP\ UNKiI30 Q0 sh$ Q3. I3 v i UN0 UNNxJ vUU0 3u3Q i $Ux\ QiWKh30 $x iKNu3h i*h33Qi KQ oI3 J NUsi3. u3h3oo Q0 3 ooN3. I3 NKu30 IKi 0h3 P\ 3PUhK N WN Qi W3Q0KQB\ UQ oKUQi oU oI3 . @r@ \ SrQ0 o\. . VzVr4 Uh I3 QKP N 30K* N 3Qo3h. >Vz \ lrQ0 o\. Vzzl>\
'HDWKV 6 U$3ho UNKQ\ K30 h*I loI o IUP3 U< Q osh N * si3i\ Uo30 <KNP IKioUhK Q. *hKoK* Q0 soIUh\ Qi*h33Q IUio <Uh shQ3h N iiK* UuK3i\ 3NUu30 $x < PKNx Q0 P Qx <hK3Q0i\ 3PUhK N o N o3h 0 o3\ UJ Q oKUQi oU . @r@ \ SrQ0 o\. 3v UhM. VzVr4 Uh I3 QKP N 30K* N 3QJ o3h. >Vz \ lrQ0 o\. 3v UhM. Vzzl>\ 6 K*oUhK x.
W ii30 v x W3 *3<sNNx o I3h IUP3 KQ 3v UhM Kox\ I3 v i Vzp x3 hi UN0 Q0 vUsN0 I u3 *3N3$h o30 I3h Vz@oI $KhoI0 x UQ WhKN V>. rzVk\ UhQ KQ QI oo Q Q0 h Ki30 oI3h3 Q0 KQ M3uKNN3. . iI3 v i oI3 0 sBIo3h U< 0vKQ hh3oo x. h\. Q0 K*oUhK sQioUQ x\ IKN3 I3h < oI3h v i Q KQu3ioP3Qo $ QM3h $x WhU<3iiKUQ. IKi uU* oKUQ v i oI3 oI3 oh3 vIK*I I3 KQI3hKo30 <hUP IKi < oI3h UN\ \ \ x. QUo30 ooUhQ3x. soIUh Q0 KN$3ho sNNKu Q *oUh KQ iIKQBJ oUQ. \ \ Q WshisKo U< IKi W iJ iKUQ. I3h < oI3h vhUo3 WN xi. WW3 h30 KQ iKN3Qo <KNPi Q0 v i Q 3 hNx P3P$3h U< oI3 P$i Ns$\ 3 NiU v i KQJ uUNu30 vKoI oI3 o NK Q WhUJ 0s*oKUQ U< b 3Q shc. oI3 iW3*o *sN h VSr> iKN3Qo PUuK3 io hhKQB PUQ Uu hhU\ Ki iKio3h. sNK x. v i QUo30 *oh3ii UQ oI3 hU 0v x io B3 vKoI I3h Isi$ Q0. 3UhB3 iI\ hi\ * s0 *UQoKQs30 oI3 < PKNxgi oI3 J ohK* N KQo3h3io oIhUsBI Q KQJ u3ioP3Qo KQ oI3 UQxJ vKQQKQB 3io siK* N b v33J Q3x U00c\ 3h PUoI3h v i 0 sBIo3h U< UIQ sQioUQ. oI3 WhUWhK3oUh U< *Mgi. UQ3 U< 3v UhMgi PUio < PUsi h3io sh Qoi <Uh p@ x3 hi <hUP V4SV oU VSr> vI3Q hUIK$KoKUQ P 03 Ko KPWUiiK$N3 oU *UQJ oKQs3\ U* o30 UQ @ph0 oh33o Q0 KwoI u3Qs3 *hUii <hUP oI3 KWWU0hUP3 Q0 I uKQB Q NNJQKBIo NK_sUh NK*3Qi3. Ko v i <h3_s3Qo30 $x oI3 *3N3$hKoK3i U< oI3 oKP3i\ hi\ * s0 <UQ0Nx h3P3PJ $3h30 I uKQB K*3 *h3 P oI3h3 vKoI I3h h Q0< oI3h sQJ ioUQ\ 3h <Khio P hhK B3 v i oU 3Qhx < x3oo3 UNNKQi. h\ v3NNJMQUvQ 3_s3iohK Q iWUhoi 3QoIsiK io. I3 i3hu30 vKoI Bh3 o 0KioKQ*oKUQ i io3h U< Uw UsQ0i U< oI3 0QUh sQo KQ is$sh$ Q IKJ N 03NWIK \ I3x h3iK030 o N *M$shQ hP KQ 3hvxQ. Q0 oI3Kh isPP3h IUP3 KQ UP3hi3o. 3hPs0 \ 3 v i oI3 iUQ U< 3Qhx < xJ 3oo3 UNNKQi Q0 NKy $3oI sh0 I v UNNKQi. $UoI UhKJ BKQ NNx U< Kooi$shBI. \ 3 0K30 KQ VSlV o oI3 B3 U< >l\ 3h i3*UQ0 P hhK B3 KQ VSl4 v i oU I hN3i 0v h0 J * s0 U< UQoh3 N. s3$3*. Q 0 \ h\ * s0 v i h3J oKh30 KQish Q*3 3w3*soKu3. i v3NN i Q 0K Q oKUQ N *_s3oi I PWKUQ\ I3x P 03 oI3Kh IUP3 KQ 3v UhM. 3QQixNu QK . 3hPsJ 0 Q0 Q 0 \ 3 0K30 KQ rzzl o oI3 B3 U< Sk\ Q h3*3Qo x3 hi iI3 iW3Qo PUio U< I3h oKP3 KQ 3v UhM Kox\ Q I3h rzgi. iI3 v i Q 3 hNx PU03N <Uh ooK3 hQ3BK3. WhUPJ KQ3Qo 3v UhM < iIKUQ IUsi3 KQ oI3 VSpzgi\ I3 P3o I3h <Khio Isi$ Q0 UQ hUsQ0 oI3 vUhN0 *hsKi3 UQ vIK*I iI3 v i *I W3hUQKQB xUsQB *UsiKQ\ 3ooNKQB KQoU *UsQohx NK<3 KQ 3QQixNu QK . iI3 $3J * P3 KQo3h3io30 KQ Uso0UUh iWUhoi KQ*Ns0KQB <Nx <KiIKQB. iIUUoKQB Q0 <Uw IsQoKQB. oI3 N oo3h UQ v33MNx $ iKi\ UiJ i3iiKQB Bh3 o i3Qi3 U< IsJ PUh Q0 vI3Q IUioKQB B oIJ 3hKQBi. N hB3 Q0 iP NN. iI3 *I hP30 Bs3ioi vKoI oI3 PUio *shKUsi Q0 03NKBIo<sN ioUhK3i\ I3 v i 03uUo30 oU I3h Isi$ Q0i Q0 oI3x oU I3h Q0 NiU oU I3h *IKN0h3Q Q0 oI3Kh < PKNK3i 3Q*Ush BKQB UQ3 Q0 NN oU LUKQ KQ I3h *oKJ uKoK3i\ I3 v i Q IUQUh hx P3P$3h U< oI3 0QUh sQo Y 3QQixNu QK Z. x 3 0 *Io Ns$ Y 3v 3hi3xZ. Q0 _s 0hUQ iiU*K oKUQ Y 3v UhMZ i v3NN i P3P$3h U< oI3 Uh N 3 *I Ns$ Y 3hJ Ps0 Z. o\ Q0h3vgi U*K3ox U< oI3 o o3 U< 3v UhM Y 3v UhMZ Q0 oI3 sBIJ o3hi U< oI3 P3hK* Q 3uUNsJ oKUQ Y iIKQBoUQ. Z\ I3 v i NiU <UhP3h P3P$3h U< oI3 Ux N 3hPs0 *Io Ns$\ I3 Ki ishuKu30 $x *IKN0J h3Q <hUP I3h <Khio P hhK B3. I3h iUQ 3Qhx < x3oo3 UNJ NKQi.
Y sy QQ3Z Q0 I3h 0 sBIo3h K*oUhK Y 33oiK3Z UNNKQi h 0<Uh0 Y KNiUQZj <Ku3 Bh Q0*IKN0h3Q. 3Qhx J < x3oo3 UNNKQi. Y h3QZ. N3w Q03h ii oo UNNKQi. xN3h UNNKQi h 0<Uh0 Y NKJ y $3oIZ. Ps3N hoN3x h 0<Uh0 Y 0K Z. Q0 KNJ NK P 3Qhx h 0<Uh0j Q0 <Ush Bh3 o J Bh Q0*IKN0h3Q. h Q0UQ ooI3v UNNKQi. hK Q sQioUQ UNNKQi. UsKi3 sh0 h 0<Uh0 Q0 03N3KQ3 Uw h 0<Uh0 Q0 io3WiUQ P3i hio Khi UNNKQi Y UJ $KQZj Q0 ovU io3W J Bh Q0*IKN0h3Q h$ h UNJ NKQi hM Y uK0Z Q0 P3i hio Khi UNNKQi. h\ hUP I3h i3*UQ0 P hhK B3. iI3 Ki ishJ uKu30 $x <Ush io3W*IKN0h3Q. UQx * s0 Y si QZ. KNN 03Q 3hoUB. h*K * s0 Q0 3h3Px * s0 Y KNZj <Ush io3WJBh Q0*IKN0h3Q. oo J * s0 Y N Kh3Z. KP * s0 Y 3oKoK Z. K*MK hxiUQ Y *UooZ Q0 KhM W3hj Q0 iKw io3WJ Bh3 o Bh Q0*IKN0h3Q. I hJ NUoo3 * s0. s*x * s0. oI Q * s0. P3NK3 J * s0. hKoo Qx hxiUQ Q0 UhB Q hxiUQ\ sQ3h N ii vKNN $3 *3N3$h o30 UQ osh0 x. h*I VVoI o Vz-zz P o o\ 3 Q WoKio3 UP Q oIUNK* Ish*I. *UhJ Q3h U< 3wKQBoUQ u3Qs3 Q0 io kloI oh33o\ IUi3 vKiIJ KQB oU W x oI3Kh h3iW3*oi P x 0U iU UQ hK0 x. h*I VzoI <hUP p-zz oU l-zzWP o h QM \ PW$3NN sQ3h N I W3N. Vzkl 0KiUQ u3Qs3 Y4Vio oh33oZ\ Q NK3s U< <NUv3hi. *UQJ ohK$soKUQi KQ P3PUhx U< K*J oUhK x * s0 P x $3 P 03 oU o\ 3 Q WoKio3 Ish*I. V4@ io kloI oh33o. 3v UhM. VzzrV. ooQ 3u\ UIQ \ P i. QJ 0mUh _s 0hUQ UsQ0 oKUQ KQ isWWUho U< I3 NoI Q0 v3NNJ Q3ii WhUBh Pi <Uh *oKu3 PKJ NKo hx. u3o3h Qi Q0 oI3Kh < J PKNK3i. p 3io >Vio oh33o. 3v UhM. VzzVS\
B15
N
'HDWKV 4OO/ i% i
i/ p OL4
j%WiS4/ W%4ip
jj41y/ 1w i1
4OO4ijp4LS/ LO1i41
+ t1/ L+pWiL
Wi1LS4i/ SS4
4iQ S/ 4p4i
tjSLpz/ 44
tQQLSj/ W%4ip
OLNWwK LO4j/ ^
Wjj/ i% i
tiiL4/ Wj4YJ
W4SLCj%4iC/ O LS4 pWw4OO/ 4iiy
WyO4/ piL+N
44/ WiWpJy
4LSCiWw/ Ww i1
vi / LO
ijJ OO/ 4O4S
4LSjp4LS/ p4YJ4S
4ip4O/ 4+LO4
LOO4i/ tj S
JWjJ/ LQ O
WOO/ tip
WW1Q S/ +N
y4/ 4==i4y
6 K*oUhK x\ I3 <<K*3hi. Uu3hQUhi. hsio33i Q0 3P$3hi U< _s 0hUQ iiU*K oKUQ Q0 _s 0hUQ UsQ0 oKUQ 3wWh3ii I3 ho<3No *UQ0UN3QJ *3i oU Ush 3io33P30 K*3 h3iK03Qo. 3Qhx < x3oo3 UNNKQi.
. UQ oI3 03 oI U< IKi PUoI3h. K*oUhK x * s0\ hi\ * s0 v i Bh3 o N J 0x. WhUs0 IUQUh hx P3PJ $3h U< _s 0hUQ . Q0 B3J Q3hUsi isWWUho3h U< Koi UsQJ 0 oKUQ\ I3 vKNN $3 Bh3 oNx PKii30 $x NN vIU MQ3v I3h Q0 v3 3wo3Q0 Ush ixPW oIx oU h\ UNNKQi Q0 IKi 3wo3Q0J 30 < PKNx\
6 33\ J 303h oKUQ U< 3v UhM PUshQi oI3 W iiKQB U< 33 siQKoy. $3NUu30 vK<3 U< oI3 N o3 BUQ siQKoy\ 33 v i Q 3w*3WoKUQ N IsP Q $3KQB vIU * h30 <Uh NNj iI3 KQioKNN30 oI3 KPWUho Q*3 U< WIKN QoIhUJ Wx Q0 *UPW iiKUQ KQ I3h *IKN0h3Q Q0 Bh Q0*IKN0h3Q\ 3 3wo3Q0 Ush I3 ho<3No *UQJ 0UN3Q*3i oU 33gi 0 sBIo3hi. K Q Y h Z KMNKi Q0 KQ0 Y K*I 3NZ 3ii3NiUQj I3h Bh Q0*IKN0h3Qj I3h Bh3 oJ Bh Q0*IKN0h3Qj Q0 oI3 3QoKh3 < PKNx\ 3<<h3x \ *IU3Q<3N0. h3iK03Qoj U$3ho \ WKoU. I Kh U< oI3 U h0j hK* \ UN0io3KQ.
6 33\ I3 3iIKu QKu3hiKox < PKJ Nx Ki i 003Q30 $x oI3 W iiKQB U< 33 siQKoy. U< $N3ii30 P3PUhx. oI3 $3NUu30 PUoI3h U< K Q Y Q0 h Z KMNKi. Q0 3Q3< *oUhi KQ0 Y Q0 K*I 3NZ 3ii3NiUQ\ 33 Q0 I3h N o3 Isi$ Q0. BUQ siQKoy. v3h3 *oKu3 isWWUhJ o3hi U< 3vKiI 30s* oKUQ\ x I3h *IKN0h3Q. Bh Q0*IKN0J h3Q Q0 3QoKh3 < PKNx $3 *UPJ <Uho30 PUQB oI3 PUshQ3hi U< KUQ Q0 3hsi N3P\ 3iIKu QKu3hiKox K*I h0 \ U3N. h3iK03Qo UhP Q PP. h3iK03Qo P3hKosi
6 h$ h YQ33 iiKJ 0xZ\ ii30 W3 *3<sNNx UQ h*I @. rzVk\ K0Uv U< K*IJ h0 \ Uii\ shuKu30 $x 0 sBIo3h NKiUQ s0 I Y K*IJ h0 h0UQ Z. iKio3hi hB J h3o sQo3h Q0 N Kh3 Uv3Q\ sQ3h N i3huK*3 UQ h*I Vz. rzVk. o VV P o o\ ooI3vi soI3h Q Ish*I. KQ UUh3J ioUvQ. \
6 3hhx ho. W ii30 v x UQ h*I p. rzVk KQ oI3 iIKQBoUQ. \ \ h3 \ UhQ KQ h QB3. 3v 3hi3x. 3hhx v i <UhP3h h3iK03Qo U< 3v UhM Kox Q0 NP 3 *I. . $so h3iJ K030 KQ iIKQBoUQ. \ \ iKQ*3 VSkl\ I3 v i Wh303J *3 i30 $x I3h W h3Qoi h QM I hN3i ho Q0 hKUQ Y N3w Q03hZ ho. Q0 I3h $hUoI3hi P3i Q0 h QM ho. h\ I3 Ki ishuKu30 $x I3h 0 sBIo3h Q0 *3 ho oUv3NN Q0 Bh Q0iUQ UQQUh ho sQQKQBI P\ I3 v i sQo oU h QM ho
. h3Q o*NK<<3. h *x MUv. P3i ho. h\ Y03*3 i30Z. 3 oI3h ho Y03*3 i30Z. hUUM3 ho. Q0 h KB ho\
3hhx I 0 i3u3h N Bh Q0J QK3*3i Q0 Bh Q0JQ3WI3vi\ 3h NK<3 v i 3QhK*I30 $x I3h <hK3Q0i KQ I3 UUM Ns$. I3h Bh Q0QK3*3. 3Kh0h3 ho I P$3hi. Q0 I3h * h3o J M3h. oP o sh x\ Q NUQB Q0 u hK30 * h33h. 3hhx v i <KNP WhU0s*3hj 30s* oKUQ N Ws$NKiI3hj I Kh U< I3 UJ P3Qgi oKUQ N QMj h3iJ K03Qo U< o3hB o3 iogi $U h0j *UJ*I Kh U< oI3 KQ QJ *K N UP3Qgi iiU*K oKUQ U< 3v UhMgi QQs N *UQ<3hJ 3Q*3 KQ \ \j Q0 $U h0 P3PJ $3h U< $UoI oI3 P3hK* Q UJ P3Q KQ 0KU Q0 3N3uKiKUQ Q0 oI3 P3hK* Q 3vi UJ P3Qgi Ns$\ I3 v i *oKu3 KQ \ \ NU* N WUNKoK*i. Q0 v i 30KoUh U< i3u3h N iP NN *UPJ PsQKox Q3viW W3hi\ I3 NiU v i Q 3woh3P3Nx *oKu3 h3iJ K03Qo U< oI3 o3hB o3j iI3 soIUh30 $UUMi Q0 W PJ WIN3oi UQ oI3 $sKN0KQBi Q0 vUhM30 vKoI UoI3h h3iK03Qoi oU U$o KQ N Q0P hM io osi. Q0 NKioKQB KQ oI3 oKUQ N 3BKiohx. <Uh oI3 *UPWN3w\
3hhx v i Q P30 UNsQo33h U< oI3 3 h KQ 3v UhM Kox KQ VSkz Q0 h3*3Ku30 Q soJ io Q0KQB s$NK* 3huK*3 v h0 <hUP KQ VS4z\
6 Uv h0 \. $3NUu30 Isi$ Q0. < oI3h. Bh Q0< oI3h Q0 Bh3 o Bh Q0J < oI3h. W ii30 v x h*I p o IKi IUP3 KQ NUhK0 \ 3 v i S@\ hUUMNxQ Q oKu3. h\ 3KQBhUv 3QNKio30 KQ oI3 PKNKo hx Q0 <N3v l> PKiiKUQi 0shKQB UhN0 h
i h 0KU UW3h oUh $U h0 Jrl $UPJ $3hi\ I3i3 PKiiKUQi KQ*Ns030 oI3 NNK30 KQu iKUQ U< UhJ P Q0x Q0 oI3 ooN3 U< oI3 sNB3. Q0 I3 vUQ P Qx v h0i <Uh IKi i3huK*3 KQ*Ns0J KQB oI3 KioKQBsKiI30 NxKQB hUii Q0 v i WWUKQo30 I3u NK3h KQ oI3 h3Q*I 3J BKUQ 0gIUQQ3sh\ 3 P hhK30 oI3 NUu3 U< IKi NK<3. shK3N. iIUhoNx <o3h oI3 v h. Q0 oI3x h3*3QoNx *3N3$h o30 oI3Kh kzoI v300KQB QQKu3hi hx\ UB3oI3h. oI3x I 0 $UsQ0N3ii 3Q3hBx Q0 NUu3 <Uh oI3Kh < J PKNx Q0 *UPPsQKox\ h\ 3KQBhUv v i is**3ii<sN $siKQ3iiP Q. Q uK0 hsQQ3h. o3QQKi WN x3h Q0 PU03hQJ ho *UNN3*oUh\ 3 NiU I 0 iohUQB *UPPKoP3Qo oU *KuK* 0sox Q0 i3hu30 i oh3 ish3h U< oI3 3PU*h oK* oKUQ N UPPKoo33 <hUP VSkV oU VSkr\ h\ 3KQBhUv Q0 IKi $siKJ Q3ii W hoQ3h U$3ho \ K<oUQ vUhM30 iK03J$xJiK03 <Uh PUh3 oI Q iKw 03* 03i. *h3 oKu3Nx KQu3ioKQB KQ u3Qosh3i h QBKQB <hUP *UPP3h*K N h3 N 3io o3. U<<K*3 $sKN0KQBi. IUo3Ni Q0 IUiWKo Ni oU h3*Uh0 WhU0s*J oKUQ. o N3Qo P Q B3P3Qo Q0 hU 0v x WhU0s*oKUQi\ h\ 3KQBhUv *UQoKQs30 vUhMKQB KQoU IKi Szi\ I3Kh *I hKo $N3 3Q03 uUhi KQ*Ns030 oI3 3KQJ BhUv PKNx IKN0h3Qgi hUJ NUBx 3i3 h*I $Uh oUhx Q0 oI3 3Qo3h <Uh IKN0IUU0 ioIP Q0 oI3 3KQBhUv UNN3*oKUQ U< u QoJ h03 ho Q0 Ko3h osh3 o U<ioh QKu3hiKox\ h\ 3KQBhUv NiU i3hu30 UQ P Qx UoI3h *I hKo $N3. WUNKoK* N Q0 *UhJ WUh o3 $U h0i\ 3 vKNN $3 h3J P3P$3h30 <Uh IKi NUu3 U< < J PKNx. vUhM 3oIK*. I3hUKiP KQ i3huK*3 U< IKi *UsQohx Q0 *UPPKoP3Qo oU N3 uKQB oI3 vUhN0 $3oo3h oI Q I3 <UsQ0 Ko\ h\ 3KQBhUv Ki ishuKu30 $x IKi vK<3j IKi 0 sBIo3hi h\ 3hhx ** hU Y h\ h QM ** hUZ Q0 hUQ 3KQJ BhUvj IKi Bh Q0*IKN0h3Q 3QJ QK<3h. UQ oI Q. U QQ3. J iUQ Q0 KNNK Q Q0 oI3Kh iWUsi3ij Q0 IKi Vr Bh3 oJ Bh Q0*IKN0h3Q\ Ki < PKNx vKNN W x ohK$so3 oU IKP KQ WhKu o3 *3h3PUQx UQ UQ0 x\ Q NK3s U< BK<oi. WN3 i3 *UQiK03h 0UQ J oKUQi oU oI3 h3 io Q*3h 3i3 h*I UsQ0 oKUQ. UhoIJ v3NN 3 NoI Y<UhP3hNx UhoI IUh3J 3 NoI xio3PZ Uh U<ioh QKu3hiKox\ 6 Uv h0 \ hK3Q0. 3QoUh. hUoI3hJ KQJ hPi\ I3h3 *UsN0 $3 QU $3oo3h W hoQ3h <Uh Ush 3w*KoKQB lz x3 h LUshQ3x oUB3oI3h. oIhUsBI $siKQ3ii. WUNKoK*i Q0 ho\ Us iU 3QJ hK*I30 Ush NKu3i\ Uh3oo Q0
vKNN Nv xi PKii xUs\ U$ K<oUQ
6 o3WI3Q \ 3J NUu30 Isi$ Q0 U< h *3 Y03J *3 i30Z. W hoQ3h U< hUN *IQ33$ sP. $hUoI3h U< hJ BUo hUQ. < oI3h U< vJ h3Q*3 3KQio3KQ Y Q0 hUNZ Q0 Q3o 3h* 0 Qo3 Y Q0 K*MZ. Bh Q0< oI3h U< 33. *I3N. P QoI Q0 h30. B3 4p\ h*IKo3*o Q0 iUN h 3Q3hBx 3wW3ho\ UQ oKUQi P x $3 P 03 oU *U$gi KNJ NUv Q*3 Uh oU oI3 \ I3h3 vKNN $3 P3PUhJ K N i3huK*3 KQ oI3 WhKQB\
B16
0
THE NEW YORK TIMES OBITUARIES WEDNESDAY, MARCH 8, 2017
N
Lynne Stewart Dies at 77; Leftist Lawyer Convicted Of Aiding Terrorism
Lynne F. Stewart, with her husband, Ralph Poynter, after she was found guilty in 2005 of helping smuggle messages from Sheikh Omar Abdel Rahman, below, to his followers in Egypt. Mr. Abdel Rahman died in prison last month.
at 28 months, was later increased to 10 years after an appeals court ordered the trial judge to consider a longer term. The administration of President George W. Bush had brought the case as part of its tough approach to terrorism prosecutions after the Sept. 11, 2001, attacks. But Ms. Stewart and her supporters maintained that she had not committed any crimes and that the administration had targeted her to discourage lawyers from forcefully defending terrorism suspects. After her release, she continued her public advocacy of radical-left causes, speaking at rallies and forums on behalf of releasing prisoners convicted of killing law enforcement agents or engaging in terrorism — “political prisoners” to their supporters — and in opposition to charter schools, which she saw as antidemocratic corporate ventures. Her trial in 2005 had been a news event. Belying the image of a dangerous radical, Ms. Stewart, a short, round-faced woman, often arrived at court wearing a New York Mets cap and a floral-print housedress, dangling a cloth tote bag rather than the lawyer’s typical briefcase and inevitably drawing a clutch of news photographers. News articles in later years often described her as grandmotherly — infuriating her critics, who insisted that such a description distracted the public from seeing the ally of terrorists they saw. Many mainstream lawyers who believed that Ms. Stewart had acted criminally nonetheless argued that the charges of abetting terrorism were excessive. Her critics, though, including other lawyers, said the charges were justified, maintaining that she had crossed a professional line into criminal conspiracy. During the trial, prosecutors said that on several prison visits Ms. Stewart — by loudly chattering and making other “covering noises” — had tried to conceal from guards that her translator was actually a go-between, updating Mr. Abdel Rahman on what his followers in Egypt were doing and receiving oral instructions from him to be relayed back to them. Ms. Stewart testified that she had engaged in such behavior to safeguard her client’s right to a confidential conversation with her. Prosecutors said further that Ms. Stewart had criminally aided the sheikh when she called a re-
death in prison in 2008.) In that interview, Ms. Stewart acknowledged that some of her leftist colleagues had questioned whether she should have taken Mr. Abdel Rahman’s case. They told her, she said, that as an Islamic fundamentalist he had long sought the overthrow of the Egyptian government in favor of a religious, authoritarian state that would quickly crush left-wing dissenters like her. But she agreed to represent him, she said, because she believed that he was “being framed because of his political and religious teachings.” Moreover, she said, she sympathized with Egyptians seeking to end an oppressive government and saw the fundamentalist movement as “the only hope for change there.” At her own trial a decade later, though, Ms. Stewart testified that she did not endorse the Islamic holy war that Mr. Abdel Rahman had preached, and that she had not intended to help his followers in Egypt. Interviewed by The Times in 2008 — while she remained free during her appeal — Ms. Stewart was asked if she had second thoughts about her actions. “Would I do it again?” she said. “I would like to think I would if I was confronted with the same set of circumstances. But I might do it differently.” Lynne Feltham Stewart was born on Oct. 8, 1939, in Brooklyn. A daughter of schoolteachers, she grew up in Queens and graduated in 1961 from Wagner College on Staten Island. She was a public school librarian and teacher for a decade before entering the law school at Rutgers University and graduating in 1975. Her survivors include her husband, Ralph Poynter; their daughter, Zenobia Brown; two other children, Geoffrey Stewart and Brenna Stewart, from an earlier marriage, to Robert Stewart, which ended in divorce; a sister, Laurel Freedman; a brother, Donald Feltham; and six grandchildren. Recalling the development of her radical views, Ms. Stewart said she had led a sheltered early life in an all-white, middle-class neighborhood and had become aware of economic and racial injustices only when she began working at the Harlem public school. Seeing the poverty around her, she said, she decided to switch to the law. “I wanted to change things,” she said.
By JOSEPH P. FRIED
Lynne F. Stewart, a radical-leftist lawyer who gained wide notice for representing violent, self-described revolutionaries and who spent four years in prison herself, convicted of aiding terrorism, died on Tuesday at home in Brooklyn. She was 77. The cause of death was complications from cancer and a series of strokes, said her son, Geoffrey Stewart. Ms. Stewart, who had been treated for breast cancer before entering prison, was granted a “compassionate release” in January 2014 after the cancer had spread and was deemed terminal. Doctors at the time gave her 18 months to live.
Building a reputation for representing the poor and the reviled. Ms. Stewart, a former librarian and teacher, had taken up the law in the cause of social justice after seeing the squalor in the area around the public school in Harlem where she taught. She built a reputation for representing the poor and the reviled, usually for modest, court-paid fees. Believing that the American political and capitalist system needed “radical surgery,” as she put it, she sympathized with clients who sought to fight that system, even with violence, although she did not always endorse their tactics, she said. One such client was Sheikh Omar Abdel Rahman, the blind Egyptian cleric who was found guilty in 1995 of leading a plot to blow up New York City landmarks, including the United Nations, after some of his followers had driven a powerful bomb into a garage beneath the World Trade Center in 1993, killing six people. Ms. Stewart would visit him in prison, where he was serving a life sentence in solitary confinement. Her death came less than three weeks after his: He died in prison on Feb. 18. Ms. Stewart was convicted in 2005 of helping to smuggle messages from the imprisoned sheikh to his violent followers in Egypt. Her prison sentence, initially set Benjamin Weiser contributed reporting.
CHANG W. LEE/THE NEW YORK TIMES
FRED R. CONRAD/THE NEW YORK TIMES
porter in Cairo in 2000 to read a news release quoting Mr. Abdel Rahman as withdrawing his support for a cease-fire that his followers had been observing in Egypt. She testified that she had only been trying to keep him in the public eye, consistent with her policy of zealous representation. In giving her a 28-month prison term, the trial judge cited Ms. Stewart’s long service in representing poor and unpopular defendants. But the sentence angered prosecutors, who had sought a 30-year term. They appealed the sentence while Ms. Stewart appealed the conviction. In November 2009, an appellate court upheld the conviction and directed the trial judge, John G. Koeltl of Federal District Court in Manhattan, to determine whether she should be resentenced to a longer term. The next July, Judge Koeltl did lengthen her prison term, to 10 years, citing, among other factors, Ms. Stewart’s public statements after the first sentencing, including her boast that she could do 28 months “standing on my head.” She had shown “a lack of re-
Leon Ware, 77, Singer and Producer Who Led ‘Quiet Storm’ Sound in R&B Leon Ware, a writer and producer of sensual R&B songs who was best known for a memorable collaboration with Marvin Gaye on the 1976 album “I Want You,” died on Feb. 23 in Marina del Rey, Calif. He was 77. His wife, Carol, said the cause was complications of prostate cancer. Although he was also a singer, with a smooth tenor voice that evoked comparisons to Gaye’s, Mr. Ware’s influence was strongest behind the scenes, where he worked with Michael Jackson, Minnie Riperton, Quincy Jones and others. Spin magazine said that Mr. Ware “helped define the ‘quiet storm’ R&B sound that would pave the way for the careers of artists from Sade to Maxwell” and was “responsible for some of the silkiest-sounding records ever produced.” Mr. Ware said his music reflected his adoration of women. “When I’m asked why my music has such a deep connection to love and sensuality,” he told the Red Bull Music Academy website last year, “I tell them I’m a messenger. I’m a messenger of love.” He and Gaye were kindred spirits, but it was only through serendipity that they teamed up. Mr. Ware was at Motown recording a demo for Arthur Ross, Diana Ross’s younger brother, known as T-Boy, who wanted a contract with the label. But when Berry Gordy Jr., Motown’s founder, heard “I Want You,” he brought it to Gaye, who “fell in love with the song,” Mr. Ware told Red Bull Music. Soon after, Mr. Ware was at Gaye’s home, playing a cassette of his songs for his own forthcoming album, tentatively called “Comfort,” his wife recalled in an interview. Mr. Gaye listened to the fully orchestrated songs — among them “Come Live With Me Angel,” a duet that Mr. Ware sang with Ms. Riperton — and asked what he was playing. “It’s my new album,” Mr. Ware said. They listened to the songs for hours, over and over. Then, Mr.
Dr. George Blackburn, 81; Helped America Eat Better
that was “very lush and harmonically complex.” Leon Ware was born in Detroit on Feb. 16, 1940. His father, Frank, worked on the assembly line at the Ford Motor Company, and his mother, the former Vera Hill, ran a beauty school. He was one of 11 children whose brothers “made sure I knew how to fight,” and whose sisters “taught me about the ladies,” he told JazzWax.
By RICHARD SANDOMIR
MPTV
Quincy Jones, left, and Leon Ware circa 1970. Mr. Ware also worked with Michael Jackson, Minnie Riperton and others. Ware told an interviewer, Mr. Gaye said to him, “If you give me the album, I’ll do the whole thing.” Mr. Ware said he did not mind. “I brought the music, but the magic that Marvin brought with his vocals made it a classic,” he said. “I had a body, but Marvin and me dressed it together.” Mr. Ware was listed as a producer and shared composing
Known for his soulful collaborations with Marvin Gaye. credits with Mr. Gaye, Mr. Ross and Jacqueline Hilliard. The album and its title song both reached No. 1 on Billboard’s soul charts. The song was also a Top 20 pop single. Mr. Gaye’s collaboration with Mr. Ware was one of his deepest, David Ritz, author of a biography of Mr. Gaye, said. “The Marvinization of Leon’s original work was pretty nuanced,” he said in an interview. “They were so close in their sensibilities that it’s almost as though Marvin had written it.” Mr. Ritz said that the two shared “an orchestral view of soul music”
morse,” he said. Ms. Stewart’s critics and supporters did agree on one point about her 30-year career, which ended in disbarment with her conviction: Like William M. Kunstler and other lawyers who were proud to be called radical leftists, Ms. Stewart sympathized with the causes of violent clients who deemed themselves revolutionaries in America, though, she said, she did not always endorse their tactics. “I think that to rid ourselves of the entrenched voracious type of capitalism that is in this country that perpetuates sexism and racism, I don’t think that can come nonviolently,” she testified at her trial. But she added that she was against “anarchistic violence,” which she defined as violence not supported by a majority of the people, and that terrorist violence was “basically anarchistic.” Ms. Stewart testified in the same measured tones in which she had methodically presented evidence and argued to juries on behalf of her clients. “I’m not abrasive,” she told an interviewer
about her courtroom manner. Outside court, her demeanor was positively jaunty, even when she was speaking of the United States as a sick society needing “radical surgery.” Ms. Stewart’s other high-profile clients included David J. Gilbert, a member of the radical group the Weather Underground. He was convicted of murder and robbery in the 1981 Brink’s armored car robbery in Rockland County, N.Y., in which two police officers and a Brink’s guard were killed. Another client, Richard C. Williams, was convicted of killing a New Jersey state trooper and setting off bombs at military centers and corporate offices in the early 1980s. In 1988, Ms. Stewart and Mr. Kunstler won the stunning acquittal of a drug dealer, Larry Davis, on charges of trying to murder nine police officers in a Bronx shootout in which he wounded six of them. The lawyers argued that Mr. Davis had fired in self-defense; he was found guilty only of weapons possession. Mr. Davis, whom the police had been trying to arrest on charges of murdering several fellow drug dealers, became a folk hero in some quarters because of the shootout and his ability to elude a manhunt for 17 days after fleeing the scene. While many people denounced such admiration or were bewildered by it, Ms. Stewart had no trouble with it from her radicalleft perspective. The Davis case, she told The New York Times in 1995, “captured the feelings of the thirdworld community in the city because here’s a kid, whether you liked what he did or not, he stood up to the police” at a time when “a lot of black people were being assaulted and murdered by the police.” (Mr. Davis was stabbed to
As a teenager, he sang at a jazz bar with the saxophonist Yusef Lateef and formed a group, the Romeos, whose other members included the future Motown songwriter Lamont Dozier. Mr. Ware began writing songs in the 1960s, with “Got to Have You Back,” sung by the Isley Brothers, his breakthrough hit. In 1972, Michael Jackson had a Top 20 pop hit with “I Wanna Be Where You Are,” which Mr. Ware wrote with T-Boy Ross. “My musical core is 50 percent jazz and 50 percent R&B,” Mr. Ware told JazzWax. “Even before I began writing songs professionally, my influence was jazz. What you hear on ‘I Want You’ are jazz chords against R&B flavors.” As a singer, Mr. Ware exuded the same cool sensuality found in his work for others. Jon Pareles of The New York Times wrote that Mr. Ware “fused elegance and abandon, confidence and longing, need and fulfillment.” In addition to his wife, the former Carol Cassano, Mr. Ware is survived by his sons, Mark and Leon; a granddaughter, Zaria; and two brothers, Robert and Bernard. A daughter, Laura, died in 2003. Ms. Ware said her husband was working on an album, “Rainbow Deux,” at his death. “He put every ounce of strength into new music,” she said.
By SAM ROBERTS
Dr. George Blackburn, a surgeon, clinician, researcher, teacher and author who was considered pre-eminent in the study of obesity and nutrition, died on Feb. 20 at his home in Boston. He was 81. The cause was malignant melanoma, said his wife, Susan Kelly. Over his career, largely spent at Harvard Medical School and at Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center in Boston, Dr. Blackburn correlated poor nutrition with obesity, advocated lower-fat diets and helped develop gastric bypass surgery and nutritional liquid diets. He joined Dr. Bruce Bistrian and other colleagues in providing the foundation for what became the field of nutrition medicine. “What really put him and his colleagues on the world map were publications highlighting the inadequate nutritional management of people in the hospital — so-called hospital malnutrition,” said a former colleague, Dr. Steven Heymsfield. Dr. Blackburn helped develop nutritious liquid and solid diets, supplementing them with protein to encourage loss of body fat while preserving muscle. These “protein sparing” diets protected the heart and other organs, and one of these, the protein-sparing modified fast, “became the basis for the low-carb and the very-low-calorie diet for obesity,” said Dr. Caroline Apovian, a former colleague. He also found that reducing dietary fat improved the survival rate of breast cancer victims and that weight loss benefited pa-
tients with Type 2 diabetes. Dr. Blackburn was a professor of nutrition at Harvard and at Beth Israel was the chief of the Nutrition/Metabolism Laboratory and director of the Center for the Study of Nutrition Medicine. He was not an absolutist. The occasional craving for a brownie or a French fry could be indulged, he said; otherwise dieters might abandon their self-discipline. He also practiced what he preached, walking several miles every morning and bounding up eight flights of stairs to his office. Dr. Blackburn also followed five strategies he developed during four decades of encouraging patients to shed pounds. They were summarized in the most recent Harvard Heart Letter: • Make time to prepare healthy meals. • Eat slowly. • Consume evenly sized meals, beginning with breakfast. • Do not skimp on sleep. • Weigh yourself often. George Lincoln Blackburn was born on Feb. 12, 1936, in McPherson, Kan., a city in the center of the state. He was raised in Joplin, Mo. His father, also named George, sold farm equipment. His mother was the former Betty Warrick. After graduating from the University of Kansas with a bachelor’s in chemistry, he served in the Navy before attending the University of Kansas School of Medicine on the G.I. Bill. He trained in surgery at Boston City Hospital and earned a doctorate in nutritional biochemistry from M.I.T. His first marriage, to the former Dona Seacat, ended in divorce.
BETH ISRAEL DEACONESS MEDICAL CENTER
Dr. George Blackburn helped develop liquid and solid diets. Besides Ms. Kelly, he is survived by three children from his first marriage, Amy, David and Matthew Blackburn; a daughter from his second marriage, Vali Blackburn Udin; 10 grandchildren; and a great-grandson. Dr. Blackburn advocated a diet of lean meat, fish and fowl supplemented by vitamins and minerals. He often said that even a small decrease in caloric intake could result in healthier weight. But he said sustained weight loss required a three-pronged approach: “Cut the calories, eat quality food and exercise.” In 2005, he resigned from a McDonald’s advisory council on balanced lifestyles because, he said, the company had not incorporated his message in its health education campaign. “The first two messages weren’t making it through,” he said. Instead, the campaign focused largely on exercise. “If I were on the exercise side, I’d be ecstatic,” Dr. Blackburn said. “But I’m focused on the role of food in a healthy lifestyle. Every scientist knows that increasing exercise is not going to replace cutting the calories.”
3 ARTS, BRIEFLY
6 BOOKS OF THE TIMES
Coroner says George Michael died of a heart condition.
The intriguing life and unusual buildings of Louis Kahn. BY DWIGHT GARNER
2 DANCE
Intense performances in a sacred space. BY GIA KOURLAS
NEWS
WEDNESDAY, MARCH 8, 2017
CRITICISM
C1
N
ANTHONY TOMMASINI
OPERA REVIEW
HIROYUKI ITO FOR THE NEW YORK TIMES
Happy Endings at the Met The company shines in a stylish production of Mozart, with James Levine conducting.
JAMES LEVINE WAS THE PRIME mover be-
hind the Metropolitan Opera’s first production of Mozart’s “Idomeneo,” in 1982. The director and designer Jean-Pierre Ponnelle created a stylish production. The stellar cast included Luciano Pavarotti in the title role. Mr. Levine, of course, conducted. On Monday that 35-year-old production, which still looks fresh and beautiful, returned to the Met for the first time since 2006. Once again, Mr. Levine conducted,
Idomeneo Metropolitan Opera
drawing a refined and affecting performance from the great Met orchestra and chorus and an impressive cast, especially the tenor Matthew Polenzani as Idomeneo. All in all, this revival is a high point of the season. Mr. Levine’s outstanding work must result partly from his wise decision to step
down as the Met’s music director at the end of last season, because of his continuing health problems. Now, as director emeritus, he can conserve his energy and focus on select projects. So far this season, he has conducted acclaimed runs of Rossini’s “L’Italiana in Algeri” and Verdi’s “Nabucco.” This “Idomeneo” is especially fine, an authoritative and nobly moving performance. The premiere of “Idomeneo,” in Munich in 1781, took place two days after Mozart’s
Elza van den Heever in the role of Elettra in Mozart’s “Idomeneo.”
CONTINUED ON PAGE C5
Novelist Defies Laws of Physics In Mohsin Hamid’s new book, desperate migrants find a magic doorway to new lands. By ALEXANDRA ALTER
HERZOG & DE MEURON
The Batcave Grows Up Once a power station, then a squat and a canvas for graffiti. Next, plans for an art factory. By MATT A.V. CHABAN
Standing on the Third Street Bridge over the Gowanus Canal in Brooklyn, you can almost watch a community changing before your very eyes. On one side sits a three-year-old Whole Foods, wind-turbines spinning in its vast parking lot. On the other, a cluster of loftstyle apartment towers is in the works, while the Ferrara Bros. concrete company, one of the largest in New York City, is preparing to relocate. The canal itself remains a murky Superfund site.
The lone sentinel of the neighborhood’s postindustrial, pre-apocalyptic days is the so-called Batcave. A former Brooklyn Rapid Transit power station built in 1904, it was decommissioned in the 1950s and became a punk squat decades later, playing host to raucous dance parties and graffiti on practically every surface. Like many of the buildings lining the fetid waterway, it is poised for a rebirth. This year, the nonprofit Powerhouse Environmental Arts Foundation plans to break ground on a project that will provide a haven for two of the canal’s most endangered species: artists and manufacturers. The foundation plans to renovate and expand the power station, turning it into a factory of sorts for the production of art. The project, CONTINUED ON PAGE C5
A rendering of the arts factory building being developed at the Batcave in Gowanus, Brooklyn.
In an unnamed, war-ravaged city in the Muslim world, two young lovers face a wrenching choice. They can stay in their barricaded apartment as their country descends into sectarian bloodshed and chaos, or entrust their lives and fortunes to a human smuggler who promises to spirit them to safety through a magic portal in an abandoned dentist’s office. The couple choose the mysterious doorway and are instantly transported to a Greek island, where they find themselves among hundreds of other desperate refugees. With its surreal premise, “Exit West,” an acclaimed new novel by Mohsin Hamid, might feel hallucinatory and distant had it arrived at a different moment. Instead, the novel — which fuses magical realism with a harrowingly vivid story of global migration and displacement — feels ominously relevant. Mr. Hamid, a cultural chameleon and polyglot who was born in Pakistan and spent more than half his life in the United States and London, didn’t intend to write a dystopian parable about the current refugee crisis. When he began working on “Exit West” four years ago, he started with an abstract idea: a global network of passageways that circumvent borders, allowing migrants to immediately cross oceans and continents and erasing the already po-
ANNA HUIX FOR THE NEW YORK TIMES
Mohsin Hamid, whose new novel, “Exit West,” centers on a love story amid a refugee crisis.
rous barriers between nations and cultures. “The idea of these doors, which I feel already exist, unlocked the form of this novel,” Mr. Hamid, 45, said in a Skype interview from his home in Lahore, Pakistan. “I wanted to write a very large book about the entire world on a very small scale, so I needed to find some way of covering a lot of ground.” Mr. Hamid’s literary profile has been growing ever since he dazzled critics with CONTINUED ON PAGE C4
C2
THE NEW YORK TIMES, WEDNESDAY, MARCH 8, 2017
N
Dance
Rooted to Performance in a Sacred Space Eiko, on being in residence at St. John the Divine. By GIA KOURLAS
“Look!” Eiko Otake said gleefully, pointing to a group of schoolchildren visiting the Cathedral Church of St. John the Divine, where she is an artist in residence. “Sometimes I scare them,” she said. “But not to the point of nightmares.” As part of a three-year residency, Eiko, the 65-year-old Japanese dance artist who is known by her first name, often performs solos in the cathedral — they happen when the moment takes her. She is acclaimed for her uncanny ability to move with extreme slowness, which she has done for years as half of the performing duo Eiko and Koma. Now that she works in the solo form, Eiko’s vulnerability as a stark, lonely figure is even more intense. She might stand as still as a statue and then wilt gradually, with her long black mane veiling her face, or arch backward, grasping at strands of hair with slender fingers. Her eyes see past you. But there is also urgency in her dancing: It’s no longer unusual to see her dash forward in a sudden, violent spurt or to hear her voice erupt in a yelp. As a non-Christian in a cathedral, she said, she tries to be polite, but sometimes she can’t help herself. One of Eiko’s most unusual skills is to manifest pain through her body. Right now,
In a cathedral’s vastness, a single figure’s vulnerability is intense. a profound source of torment for her is the 2011 Fukushima nuclear disaster. She visited the site last summer with the historian and photographer William Johnston, who has taken numerous pictures of Eiko performing as part of her solo project “A Body in Places.” (They took their first trip to Fukushima in 2014.) As part of an exhibition at the cathedral, “The Christa Project: Manifesting Divine Bodies,” Eiko is shown performing in contaminated shrines and forests. Wasn’t she scared of the possible effects of radiation exposure? “At first, I was — and crying,” she said. But that changed. “When you are there, you kind of get used to it in a day or two. It’s very weird. So it’s like, ‘Oh, this is a new place we never got to before.’ There’s a certain excitement.” On Saturday, Eiko will observe the sixth anniversary of the Fukushima disaster with “Remembering Fukushima: Art and Conversations,” a four-hour event at the cathedral that includes performances by John Kelly, Geo Wyeth, Jake Price and Carol Lipnik. Eiko will dance, too, first alone and then with DonChristian Jones, the musician and visual artist. In a way, it is a continuation of her 24-hour event for the fifth anniversary, part of Danspace Project’s “Platform 2016: A Body in Places.” Eiko said she did not want the horror of Fukushima to dissipate. “Now who has a nuclear button?” she asked, referring to President Trump. But, she stressed: “I’m not a political activist. What I can offer is time and space to gather and reflect.” For Eiko, the cathedral is a place for exploration; her residency is a way to expose people to her art and a way for her to encounter them. In other words, it’s not just a gig, but an opportunity for her to consider the direction of her work. And with Eiko’s presence, the cathedral, which first appointed artists in residence in the early 1980s, is figuring out what a residency pro-
PHOTOGRAPHS BY SASHA ARUTYUNOVA FOR THE NEW YORK TIMES
Eiko, an artist in residence at the Cathedral Church of St. John the Divine in Manhattan, in sections from her solo performance.
gram could look like today. Mark McCloughan, a former student of Eiko’s at Wesleyan University and now her dramaturge, likened her residency to a laboratory, but one that is unusual because it is so public. “All of these experiments have to happen in the context of the passing gazes of tourists and the people who are stumbling across it unexpectedly,” he said. And there is the grandness of the cathedral itself. When Eiko performs in the vast space, she is aware of how tiny her body is. “I become smaller in scale, not only the scale of the space, but of scale in time,” she said. “Because this cathedral is humanmade. It’s not just the scale of how big it is, but it’s more like people actually made this, and how did they do it? That is a history, and there is me again — this is me going not to the Japanese river, but to a totally different river, like the Amazon or something. I’m re-
ally an outsider.” Sometimes after her impromptu performances, people recognize her from the photographs on display. Some even hug her. “I feel like it’s actually rather nice for people to see something strange,” she said.
“I think life is better with some stranger. And I’m an immigrant. I am not a citizen. Which is no big deal in the dance community, but perhaps it is in a tourist attraction like this. It’s exciting to be on a new train. I have an appetite for that.”
Gender Outlaws, Floating Freely Outside Binary Boxes Richard Move on the genesis of the dance work ‘XXYY.’ By SIOBHAN BURKE
CHAD BATKA FOR THE NEW YORK TIMES
The costume designer Alba Clemente, left, and the choreographer Richard Move.
While doing research for the dance-theater piece “XXYY,” the choreographer Richard Move encountered a little-known book published in 1918. “Autobiography of an Androgyne,” by Ralph Werther, also known as Jennie June, chronicles a transsexual woman’s life in New York City at the turn of the 20th century, a life plagued by violence and discrimination. Move, who has spent decades investigating gender and performance, was both enthralled and distraught. “The book is so graphic, so heartbreaking, that I devoured it in one sitting,” Move — who prefers the gender-neutral pronoun “they” over “he” or “she” — said recently at home in Hell’s Kitchen. “Reading it was ultimately so disturbing that I threw it out. I didn’t even want it in this home.” Move has since reacquired and delved into the memoir, a chief inspiration for “XXYY,” which opens at New York Live Arts on Wednesday as part of the cross-disciplinary Live Ideas festival. Exploring the theme of a world without binaries — in realms of gender, race, religion, art — this year’s festival is organized by the transgender performer Justin Vivian Bond, who uses the gender-neutral honorific Mx., hence the festival’s title, Mx’d Messages. “I’m interested in things that span and expand boxes and binaries and boundaries,” Mx. Bond said in a phone interview. “Richard Move is one of those people who floats between worlds and between genders and is very difficult to pin down into one type of artist or one genre.” In addition to text from “Autobiography of an Androgyne,” “XXYY” features the music of Alessandro Moreschi, the Vatican’s
last castrato singer, and costumes by the Italian designer Alba Clemente. It shares a program with a 20th-anniversary edition of “Martha@,” Move’s popular series invoking the life and work of the modern dance pioneer Martha Graham. Joining Move in both pieces are the former Graham dancers Katherine Crockett and Catherine Cabeen. Move spoke about the process of creating “XXYY” and interpreting — not impersonating — Graham. Here are edited excerpts from that conversation. What is ‘XXYY’? “XXYY” is a ritual, a conjuring. It’s séancelike. I’d always wanted to choreograph to Alessandro Moreschi, the only castrato to make solo recordings. Listening to them is a haunting, ethereal, mystical, spiritual experience. It’s been written that they sang with a tear in each note. I say “they,” because what gender is a eunuch singing somewhere between the alto and soprano range? What is that pronoun? The androgyne — Ralph Werther, a.k.a. Jennie June — is living at the same time, different continent. So we’re looking at these gender outlaws of over a century ago. You’ve also described the androgyne as a contemporary figure. These heroic, she-roic figures, their stories are more resonant today than ever. We seem to have taken a pretty large step backward in terms of understanding gender identity and accepting minoritarian sexuality. Look at the statistics around these lives, from the New York City Anti-Violence Project — they’re staggering. And if that’s what life is like here in Gotham, in the 21st century, what is it like elsewhere, not in a major urban coastal city? How do these ideas come into the choreography?
Some of the movement is very lush, orblike, sensual. In particular, there’s a very sensual duet for the Catherines, as I call them. They kind of become the androgyne. And it seems like I’ve emerged as the castrato. So that’s a through line, that these personas emerge and merge and reappear and disappear. In other moments the choreography is spare and gestural. I’ve found myself paring it down, making it simpler and simpler, like varnishing this precious, delicate object. Some of it is informed by the costuming; the costume proposes a limitation to movement, which then becomes liberating. You mentioned that the costume designs came first in creating the work. I see the costuming as another figure onstage, integral to what we’re doing. Alba has an almost commedia theatrical sensibility, Pierrot-like. She’s playing with garments that we would most commonly refer to as masculine or feminine, and she’s merging, blurring, accentuating. You’ve been called a Martha Graham ‘impersonator.’ How do you react to that term? Oh, I bristle. It’s hideous. Impersonation is primarily associated with parody, and I love when people find humor in the performance and in Martha. But I don’t think what I’m doing is a veneer or a trick or sleight of hand. I feel that I’m inhabited with this spirit, this person, with her ideas, and completely enrapt. After 20 years of channeling Martha, how do you keep the character alive? I don’t have to do anything. She keeps presenting herself to me. There’s no business plan for Martha, you know? It has been this evolutionary, organic happening. The longer it goes on, the more momentum it accrues, and the more forceful kind of attraction I possess. I think that keeps it vital.
THE NEW YORK TIMES, WEDNESDAY, MARCH 8, 2017
C3
N
Arts, Briefly N E W S F R O M T H E C U LT U R A L W O R L D
New York, but the 92nd Street Y is making a strong play for silver in its 2017-18 season. Angela Hewitt, known for her rich portfolio of Bach recordings, will return to the Y’s Kaufmann Concert Hall for three concerts to continue her four-season survey of his complete keyboard works, beginning on Nov. 8. Benjamin Grosvenor, the 24year-old British pianist whom David Allen, in a review in The New York Times, called “a boy lord of the piano,” will make his Y debut on Nov. 15, with works by Bach and Brahms. The Italian pianist Alessio Bax, a recipient of the 2009 Avery Fisher Career Grant, will perform with the flutist Emmanuel Pahud on Feb. 17. The season opens on Oct. 5 with the Orpheus Chamber Orchestra and the cellist Mischa Maisky. More highlights are at 92y.org.
George Michael Died Of a Heart Condition George Michael, right, the English singer-songwriter who became a pop legend in the 1980s and ’90s and who was found dead on Christmas Day, died of a heart condition, according to a coroner’s statement released on Tuesday. Darren Salter, the senior coroner for Oxfordshire County in England, said Mr. Michael, 53, died at his home in Goring-onThames of natural causes: dilated cardiomyopathy with myocarditis and fatty liver. Dilated cardiomyopathy develops when the heart’s ventricles enlarge and weaken, a process that usually starts in the left ventricle. The weakening of the heart’s chambers causes the heart muscle to work harder, and that reduces its ability to pump blood. Myocarditis is inflammation of the heart muscle. Fat buildup in the liver can be caused by drinking alcohol, but there is also a common nonalcoholic variant that is related to being overweight or obese. Mr. Salter’s statement did not specify the cause of the fat buildup in the liver. Because the death was natural, “the investigation is being discontinued and there is no need for an inquest or any further enquiries,” Mr. Salter said in a statement. “No further updates will be provided and the family requests the media and public respect their privacy.”
Shortly after the Nazis rose to power in Germany in 1933, the family of a prominent newspaper publisher there fled to France, leaving behind an eclectic art collection that included Benin bronzes, Egyptian antiquities and 20th-century realist paintings. The works were confiscated, many were auctioned and most have been presumed lost. Now a partnership including
six of crows k
Writer Clare Barron Wins Blackburn Prize
STAATLICHE MUSEEN ZU BERLIN, VIA ASSOCIATED PRESS
the project, said research indicates that the Nazis may have seized more than 4,000 works from the Mosse collection and that the restitution project had identified over 1,000 by name. The heirs began a formal effort to recover the lost works in 2012. Since then, Mr. Bartko said, the restitution project has recovered about 20 works from institutions in Germany and Switzerland and sold some of them back
to museums that had agreed to surrender them. The recovered works include a sculpture of a lion, above, by August Gaul. COLIN MOYNIHAN
92nd Street Y Announces Season Carnegie Hall remains the most eminent home for pianists in
Clare Barron, an emerging American playwright whose work Off Broadway has garnered acclaim, was named the winner Monday of the Susan Smith Blackburn Prize for female playwrights. The prize — $25,000 and a signed print by Willem de Kooning — is given annually in recognition of a work written by a woman for the English-language theater. Ms. Barron, 31, from Wenatchee, Wash., is being honored for “Dance Nation,” a new play about a preteen dance competition, which is to be given its first production at Playwrights Horizons, an Off Broadway nonprofit, next year. Ms. Barron’s best known previous play was “You Got Older,” a 2014 work presented by Page 73 Productions, which won an Obie for playwriting. Last year her play “I’ll Never Love Again,” at the Bushwick Starr, was praised by The New York Times critic Ben Brantley, who called Ms. Barron an “exciting young playwright.”
ANGELIKA FILM CENTER DONALD CRIED
10:00AM, 12:00, 2:00, 4:05, 6:10, 8:15, 10:30PM
MOONLIGHT
Fill in the blanks with the sequel, Crooked Kingdom.
10:05AM, 12:30, 3:00, 5:30, 8:00, 9:35, 10:35PM
THE SALESMAN
Learn more at Grishaverse.com
10:45AM, 1:30, 4:15, 7:00, 9:45PM
ELLE
10:10AM, 1:00, 3:50, 6:40, 9:30PM
Crossword ___ (magazine publisher) 5 Ending with Lenin or Stalin 9 Mixed ___ 14 Wedge or pump 15 Princess of Alderaan 16 Shackles 17 “How’s it goin’, Washington?” 19 Retreats 20 Event presided over by a king and queen 21 Cobbler’s tool 23 Museum-funding org. 24 “To your health!” 26 E.R. worker who sprained an ankle? 29 Sgt. Friday’s org. 30 Sri Lanka’s capital 31 Inseparable 32 How many TV movies can be seen 33 Diminish 37 Prescription for a prehistoric carnivore? 41 Got wind of
42
43 44
47
48
51 52 53 54 55 57
62 63 64 65 66 67
A UNITED KINGDOM 11:35AM, 2:05, 4:35, 7:05PM
Many wine barrels come from them Car wash option The Geneva Conventions prohibit it Empire State Building style, informally “Keep that record in its case!”? Out of bed Sean ___ Lennon Slugger’s stat [Shocking!] “Hamlet” courtier Mistake a shiny disc for a cookie? Mental bloc? Vegetable with curly leaves Loosen Pub selection A knee sock covers it Scrape, as the knee
DOWN 1 Sydney’s
state:
Abbr. 2 “___, that feels good!”
ANSWER TO PREVIOUS PUZZLE M I C R A
D O N T S P C L E S P A T S K
N U L L S
E M A I L
I Z A A K
K I S S Y
A L S A N I T M T E R B U Z A S T H A T S A T A N S L A Y S A L S G O I S S R O L A T E A D O R T B U T N E A H S E L E T
C A R P S
K E Y C A S T E E N G A S L N O T N T
LION
Edited by Will Shortz
A M O S K E P I T A L E S A E R A S T E A L K A U S T A O N T A P S T A L E S S N A D E A T B A R L E A S T I E C E S I N K L Y
11:30AM, 2:10, 4:45, 7:20, 9:55PM
PUZZLE BY PAULA GAMACHE 1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
BILL FRISELL He leads a trio performing country, jazz and rock this week. Village Vanguard at 8:30 and 10:30 p.m. 212-255-4037, villagevanguard .com
ANIMATION NIGHTS The monthly screening returns with 17 international shorts. 180 Maiden Lane at 8 p.m. animationnights.nyc
MICHAEL PAULSON
www.angelikafilmcenter.com Corner of Houston & Mercer 995-2000
A cast of misfits must solve an impossible problem — with more ups and downs than the Sunday puzzle.
the #1 new york times bestseller from
ACROSS
‘JITNEY’ Last week to see August Wilson’s revived 1982 play, directed by Ruben Santiago-Hudson. Samuel J. Friedman Theater at 7 p.m. 212-239-6200, jitneybroadway .com
FRANCOIS MORI/ASSOCIATED PRESS
German museums, university researchers and descendants of the publisher, Rudolf Mosse, will search for the plundered works as part of a two-year contract that the Mosse heirs have signed with the Freie Universität Berlin. The project, the Mosse Art Research Initiative, will be partly funded by the German Lost Art Foundation, formed in 2015 by the federal and state governments in Germany to find and identify cultural artifacts seized by the Nazis. Officials at the Lost Art Foundation said that this was the first time they had financed a plan to track down a set of works that had belonged to a particular family. The application from the initiative for help stood out, the foundation officials said, because it included heirs and public institutions that were willing to work together on researching and supporting the project financially. The Mosse Art Restitution Project, created by a Mosse heir several years ago to search for the art, will share in funding the new partnership, and 11 museums and archives in Germany have agreed to cooperate. J. Eric Bartko, who manages
Initiative to Find Nazi Looted Art
1 Condé
YOUR DAILY ARTS FIX
SARA ARIDI
CHRISTOPHER D. SHEA
k
Ready, Set, Go
Houston St (w. of 6 Av) 212-727-8110 TICKETS ONLINE www.filmforum.org
THE SETTLERS 12:30, 2:50, 7:15, 9:30
BEN-GURION: EPILOGUE NEW 4K PRINT
FINAL WEEK FOR BOTH 5:45
UGETSU
LAST 2 DAYS
12:40, 2:50, 4:50, 7:00, 9:15 5th WRITTEN BY JAMES BALDWIN SMASH WEEK!
I AM NOT YOUR NEGRO 12:30, 2:30, 4:40, 7:00, 9:10
LINCOLN PLAZA CINEMAS 1886 BROADWAY BETWEEN 62ND & 63RD STREETS
13
Advance Tickets - lincolnplazacinema.com For more information call (212)757-2280
14
15
16
JUNCTION 48
11:45AM, 1:40, 3:35, 5:50, 7:55, 10:00PM
17
18
19
THE LAST LAUGH
11:25AM, 1:10, 3:15, 5:15, 7:30, 9:35PM
20
21
22
23
THE SALESMAN
11:00AM, 1:25, 4:00, 6:30, 9:00PM
24
25
26
27
28
MANCHESTER BY THE SEA 11:10AM, 1:45, 4:15, 6:50, 9:30PM
29
30
TONI ERDMANN 11:40AM, 2:45, 5:55, 9:05PM
31
32
37
33
38
39
41
49
45
JULIETA 11:20AM, 3:30, 7:50PM DAYS!* PATERSON 1:15, 5:30, 9:50PM 2*LAST
36
43
46
47
50
51
52 55
35
40
42 44
48
34
53
I AM NOT YOUR NEGRO 11:00AM, 1:00, 3:00, 5:00, 7:00, 9:00PM
54
56
57
58
59
60
62
63
64
65
66
67
melodrama 4 Group of four 5 Down in the dumps 6 Good name, for short 7 A helping hand 8 From the beginning, in music 9 Atmospheric pressure units 10 Competitor of Tide 11 “Nothing ___!” 12 Against a thing, legally 13 Syrian strongman 18 Roman counterpart of the Greek Helios 22 Typist’s stat
24 25
26 27
28 30
32
34 35 36 38 39
A deadly sin West with Roc-A-Fella records Christmas cheer? One who leads a quiet, measured life Celebrity chef Matsuhisa Anderson Cooper’s TV home Animal that might be found curled up on a windowsill Right now Tiniest bit Competitor of BP Pretentious Advocate for seniors
12:00PM, 2:15, 4:30, 6:45, 9:15PM 144 & 165 W. 65th St.
3/8/17
3 Endless
MR. GAGA
61
40
Maui music maker, informally
45
Chafe
46
Bridge units
47
Gossips
48
Some camera lenses
49
Map feature
50
XXX stuff
51
Maze runner
54
Rocker Stefani
56
The Cyclones of the N.C.A.A., for short
58
“As if!”
59
QB Manning
60
Sin City forensic drama
61
Place for a trophy cabinet
Online subscriptions: Today’s puzzle and more than 9,000 past puzzles, nytimes.com/crosswords ($39.95 a year). Read about and comment on each puzzle: nytimes.com/wordplay.
“THE DEBUT OF THE YEAR.” —C. J. BOX
KenKen
filmlinc.org
THE INSTANT NEW YORK TIMES BESTSELLER
Answers to Previous Puzzles
Fill the grid with digits so as not to repeat a digit in any row or column, and so that the digits within each heavily outlined box will produce the target number shown, by using addition, subtraction, multiplication or division, as indicated in the box. A 4x4 grid will use the digits 1-4. A 6x6 grid will use 1-6. For solving tips and more KenKen puzzles: www.nytimes.com/kenken. For feedback: nytimes@kenken.com KenKen® is a registered trademark of Nextoy, LLC. Copyright © 2017 www.KENKEN.com. All rights reserved.
C4
THE NEW YORK TIMES, WEDNESDAY, MARCH 8, 2017
N
A Novelist Defying the Laws of Physics CONTINUED FROM PAGE C1
his 2000 debut novel, â&#x20AC;&#x153;Moth Smoke,â&#x20AC;? which explored the lives of hard-partying Pakistani youth and was a finalist for the PEN/Hemingway Award. Since then, his three novels have collectively sold a million copies and been translated into 35 languages. But â&#x20AC;&#x153;Exit Westâ&#x20AC;? is likely to draw a much broader audience, and seems poised to become one of this yearâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s most significant literary works. To meet demand from booksellers, Mr. Hamidâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s publisher, Riverhead, had already ordered four printings before the bookâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s release on Tuesday. Prominent novelists like Zadie Smith, Michael Chabon, Joyce Carol Oates and Kiran Desai have praised the novel as an urgent and essential story, particularly at a moment when immigrants and Muslims have been demonized. Mr. Hamid, who lived in the United States for 17 years and describes himself as â&#x20AC;&#x153;culturally and emotionally at least half American,â&#x20AC;? said the last few months have left him frightened and depressed. He wonders whether he will still feel welcome in an America that appears increasingly hostile to foreigners and Muslims. His native country, where he is raising his two young children, has suffered a wave of terrorist attacks by the Islamic State and the Taliban. The world seems to be veering toward the upheaval and entrenched polarization that Mr. Hamid envisioned in the novel. He never imagined â&#x20AC;&#x153;Exit Westâ&#x20AC;? would become so grimly prescient, with the crisis in Syria displacing millions, and nationalist movements gaining ground in the West. He
â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;I wanted to write a very large book about the entire world on a very small scale.â&#x20AC;&#x2122; MOHSIN HAMID AUTHOR, â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;EXIT WESTâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;
ANNA HUIX FOR THE NEW YORK TIMES
Mr. Hamid at Daunt Books at Marylebone High Street in London.
started writing the story long before rising nativist sentiment led to â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;Brexitâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; and Donald J. Trump signed executive orders targeting illegal immigrants and barring
%52$':$<
g ; r k
% &632< 8%0)
hU 0v xgi 3v Ko siK* N hUQw N3 I3 siK* N\*UP 3N3*I hB3\*UP Uh rVrJrpSJlrzz hUsWi Vz^ 4kkJ>plJp@pk s. I kj 3 r kj h 4j r 4j s p Y^Z. rrz \ @4
sQ0 xgi k-pz b ;c IK* BU hK$sQ3 UPUhhUv o k. hK0 x o 4
/-2/= &3387
UUM $x hu3x K3hio3KQ siK* xhK*i $x xQ0K sW3h Kh3*oKUQm IUh3UBh WIx $x 3hhx Ko*I3NN K*M3oP io3h\*UP Uh 4kkJr>zJrSrS hUsWi YVz^Z- VJ4zzJ wr s I k. hK 4. o r 4. sQ r k-pz
KQMx UUoi I3 siK* N\*UP N Khi*I<3N0 I3 oh3 Y^Z. pzr \ @>oI o\
b w *oNx I o Us KiI Uh;c J J KiQ3x h3i3Qoi
%0%((-2
I3 Ko hU 0v x siK* N U0 x o V k kj V kj I kj 4j r 4j s p N 00KQ I3 siK* N\*UP 4llJ4kzJrkVk 3v Pio3h0 P I3 oh3 Y^Z rV@ \ @r o\
4 b iW hMNKQB PsiK* N Q0 Q 3Q*I QoKQB *o U< oI3 ohK* N h3KQu3QoKUQ\c J KP3i
%1)0-)
KoI UQx v h0 UPKQ33 IKNNKW UU K*M3oP io3h\*UP Uh 4kkJr>zJrSrS P3NK3 hU 0v x\*UP No3h 3hh I3 oh3 Y^Z. rVS \ @4oI o\
4 P3hUQ *MKQoUiIgi Q3v WhU0s*oKUQ U< Us$NKN *IUQ$3hBgi
1-77 7%-+32
UQJ hK o 4j o o r 4 3N3*I hB3\*UP Uh rVrJrpSJlrzz KBUQ hU 0v x\*UP hU 0v x I3 oh3 Y^Z. Vl4V hU 0v x
U0 x o r
&)%98-*90 8,) '%630) /-2+ 197-'%0
s kj 3 rj I kj h 4j o r 4j sQ r k 3N3*I hB3\*UPmrVrJrpSJlrzz hUsWi U< Vz^ VJ4zzJ 3wo\ r vvv\ 3 soK<sN Q hU 0v x\*UP o3WI3Q UQ0I3KP I3 oh3 Vr@ @ph0 o
32 =396 *))8
UPUhhUv o 4
',-'%+3
I3 siK* N I3 TV UQB3ioJ sQQKQB P3hK* Q siK* N KQ hU 0v x KioUhx; 3N3*I hB3\*UPm*IK* BU rVrJrpSJlrzz IK* BU I3 siK* N\*UP U. s. I. h 4j r-pz 4j s r-pz k P$ ii 0Uh I3 oh3 Y^Z rVS \ @SoI o\
4kkJr>zJrSrS Uh K*M3oP io3h\*UP hUsWi Vz^- 4llJpzrJzSS> UUMU< UhPUQ hU 0v x\*UP s3 J Is kj hK 4j o r 4j s r k sB3Q3 g 3KNN I3 oh3 Y^Z. rpz @SoI o
Vk
K*M3oP io3h\*UP Uh 4kkJr>zJrSrS Q Ush 33o siK* N\*UP s3 kj r 4j Is kj 4j r 4j s p h_sKi I3 oh3Y^ZrVz \@loI o\
b . g . \c J 3Q h QoN3x. I3 3v UhM KP3i
r-pz 4 b ;c J
b ; \c J b \ \c J V
5#..; (+'.& ,1' /#06'..1
Kh3*o30 $x 3N3*I hB3\*UP Uh rVrJrpSJlrzz N ii 3Q B3hK3 Q hU 0v x\*UP 3N i*U I3 oh3 Y^Z. VVV \ @@oI o\
Wh3i3Qoi
8,) 0-32 /-2+
I3 v h0J KQQKQB 3io siK* N U0 x o r k kj r kj I kj 4j r 4j s p NKUQMKQB\*UP 4llJ4kzJrkVk KQiMU<< I3 oh3 Y^Z. gv x @>oI oh33o
b ogi KPWUiiK$N3 QUo oU < NN KQ NUu3\ h iUP3oIKQB 033W3h oI Q NUu3 J iUP3oIKQB *NUi3h oU h3NKBKUsi Bh oKos03\c J KP3i
UQKBIo o 4 hU 0v xgi UQB3ioJ sQQKQB siK* N KiKo 3N3*I hB3\*UPj NN rVrJrpSJlrzz
\ \ rp\ 3io i3 oi s3i 30i\
8,) 4,%2831 3* 8,) 34)6%
+6392(,3+ (%=
UUM $x QQx s$KQ siK* xhK*i $x KP KQ*IKQ K*M3oP io3h\*UP Uh Y4kkZ r>zJrSrS hUsQ0IUB x siK* N\*UP sBsio KNiUQ Y^Z. r@> \ >rQ0 o\
b \c J I3 KNx 3vi U0 x o r 4 KPKo30 QB B3P3Qo
7927)8 &390):%6(
siK* $x UUM xhK*i $x i30 UQ oI3 <KNP Kh3*o30 $x 30 r 4j Is kj hK 4j o r 4j sQ p K*M3oP io3h\*UP Uh 4kkJr>zJrSrS sQi3o UsN3u h0oI3 siK* N\*UP Y^Z @koI hU 0v x
UQ 4j s3 kj 30 J o 4j Is o r hWi- 4zzJ Uh 4llJpzrJzSS> L3ioK* I3 oh3 Y^Z r@k \ @@oI o\
-2 86%27-8
b Uv3h<sN shWhKiKQBNx sQQx\c J h3uK3vi U0 x o r 4
7;)%8
hKoo3Q $x Kh3*o30 $x 3N3*I hB3\*UP m rVrJrpSJlrzz \ os0KU >@ Y^Z. r>@ 3io >@oI o\
;%6 4%-28
U s 4j 3 r 4j I h 4j r 4 h KQo siK* N\*UP K*M3oP io3h\*UP Uh 4kkJr>zJrSrS Uh hUsWi- VJ4zzJ wr 303hN Q03h I3 oh3 Y^Z rz4 \ @Vio o\
;-'/)(
siK* Q0 xhK*i $x o3WI3Q *Iv hoy UUM $x KQQK3 UNyP Q i30 UQ oI3 QUu3N $x h3BUhx BsKh3 siK* N o BKQB $x xQ3 KN3QoU Kh3*o30 $x U3 Qo3NNU K*M3oP io3h\*UP Uh 4kkJr>zJrSrS K*M30oI3 siK* N\*UP 3hiIvKQ I3 oh3Y^Z rrr 3io >Vio o\
2))ĂŻ%52$':$<
ELISABETH VINCENTELLI
THEATER REVIEW
U0 x o r 4 Jb ;c J 3w 330. $i3hu3h
'%+2)=
UNNxvUU0gi UsBI sx Q W IU3i s3 k. 30 r 4. Is r. hK 4. o r 4. sQ p K*M3oi o 3N3*I hB3\*UP rVr rpS lrzz hUsWi YVz^Z rVr k>k SVVk 3ioiK03 I3 oh3 Y^Z @zk \ @ph0\ o\ BQ3x I3 siK* N\*UP
,3; 83 86%27')2( % ,%44= 1%66-%+)
3v N x $x h I sIN Kh3*o30 $x 3$3** K*IP Q 3N3*I hB3\*UP Uh rVrJrpSJlrzz vvv\N*o\UhB KoyK \ 3vIUsi3 I3 o3hY^Z. \l>oI o\ KURT SNEDDON
Jeremy Pope, far left, and Nathan Lee Graham, foreground center, in â&#x20AC;&#x153;The View UpStairs.â&#x20AC;?
b ioUQKiIKQB s*K0Kox;c J IK* BU hK$sQ3 3vKi Q o B3\*UP 3N3*I hB3\*UP Uh rVrJrpSJlrzz *UhQ I3 oh3. @Vz \ @rQ0 o\
b UQK* KW3h Ki vKoox _sK*M;c J s<< U
238 8,%8 .);-7,
V> ; b \c J hK3ox U0 x o V-pz k-pz. UPUhhUv o k x0Q3x I3 oh3 UPW Qxgi hU0s*oKUQ U<
8,) 46)7)28
x Kh3*o30 $x 3N3*I hB3\*UP m rVrJrpSJlrzz I3 h3i3Qo hU 0v x\*UP hhxPUh3 I3 oh3 Y^Z. r@p @koI o
b . . \ \c J I3 o h 30B3h Uv UQ hU 0v x UUM. siK* xhK*i $x
hKio3Q Q03hiUQJ UW3y. P3iJ NN3Q Uh0. sii WN Q h Uh0ivUhoI Kh3*o30 IUh3UBh WI30 $x
oIN33Q hiI NN 3N3*I hB3\*UP Uh rVrJrpSJlrzz vvv\ Q h QiKo hU 0v x\*UP Kh*N3 Q I3 _s h3 Y^Z. rp> \ >zoI o\
h3uK3vi U0 x o r 4
' 7 0);-7 3278%+)
Vl b
\c J I3 KP3i U< UQ0UQ
rV w * 3 Q i
792(%= -2 8,) 4%6/ ;-8, +)36+)
siK* xhK*i $x UUM $x I3 s0iUQ hU 0v x\*UP 4>>J4zVJ>4kl s0iUQ I3 oh3 VpSJV@V @@oI o
U0 x o r 4. UPUhhUv o 4 KQ*UNQ 3Qo3h I3 o3h h3i3Qoi
3v N x x UiIs hPUQ Kh3*o30 $x hKW sNNP Q
;%-86)77
o hhKQB 3iiK3 s3NN3h siK* Q0 xhK*i $x h h3KNN3i UUM $x 3iiK3 3NiUQ Kh3*o30 $x K Q3 sNsi Koh3ii I3 siK* N\*UP K*M3oP io3h\*UP Uh 4kkJr>zJrSrS hUUMi oMKQiUQ I3 oh3. r>l \ @koI o\
g
8,) +0%77 1)2%+)6-)
7-+2-*-'%28 38,)6 3N3*I hB3\*UP Uh rVrJrpSJlrzz KBQK<K* Qo oI3h hU 0v x\*UP Y^Z. rrr \ @> \
r 33Mi 3<o oU 33 3iiK3 s3NN3h Ihs pmrl QNx;
b g c J I3 3v UhM KP3i s 3 kj I h 4j o r 4j sQ r k
l-pz r 4
'%87
siK* $x Q0h3v NUx0 3$$3h i30 UQ g N0 UiisPgi UUM U< h *oK* N oig $x \ \ NKUo\ K*M3oP io3h\*UP m 4kkJr>zJrSrS 4. s k. I k. 4. r 4. s r k oi hU 0v x\*UP 3KN KPUQ I3 oh3 Y^Z r>z 3io >rQ0 o
8,) &33/ 3* 136132
UUM $x IUh3UBh WI30 $x Kh3*o30 $x
b \ J \c J
b ;c J I3 NN oh33o UshQ N
b IKi Ki oU NN oI3 0Us$o3hi Q0 03QK3hi Uso oI3h3. oI3 UQ3i vIU i x oI o I3 u3Q UQ hU 0v x 0U3i QUo 3wKio. oI o Kogi UQNx iUP3 PxoI Ush Q*3ioUhi 0h3 P30 sW\
P I3h3 oU h3WUho oI o Q3v$UhQ. UN0J< iIKUQ30. WN3 ish3JBKuKQB PsiK* N I i hhKu30 o oI3 sB3Q3 g 3KNN I3 oh3. oI3 MKQ0 Ush Bh Q0W h3Qoi oUN0 si N3<o oI3P v NMKQB UQ Kh K< QUo UQ v o3h\ U IK3 oI33 I3Q*3. QUQ$3NK3u3hi Y Q0 $3NK3u3hi oUUZ. oU g I3 UUM U< UhPUQ.g Q0 <3 io sWUQ Koi iv33oQ3ii\g I3 UUM U< UhPUQg *IK3u3i iUP3oIKQB NKM3 PKh *N3\ hsio P3 vI3Q o3NN xUs oI o Koi I3 ho Ki i Wsh3 i oI o U< U0B3hi Q0 PP3hio3KQ iIUv\ *3N3$h oKUQ U< oI3 WhKuKN3B3. <Uh Lsio *UsWN3 U< IUshi. U< NKuKQB KQiK03 oI o KPWhU$ $N3 W h 0Ki3 * NN30 PsiK* N *UP30x\ I3 $3io PsiK* N U< oI3 *3Qoshx\c J 3Q h QoN3x. I3 3v UhM KP3i
I3 PKNKU NUhK io3< Q siK* N
h3uK3vi 3BKQ h*I pV
&%2(78%2(
KQQ3h U< S UQx v h0i KQ*Ns0KQB ;
U0 x o r 4 \ \
I3 UQxJ KQQKQB IUh3UBh WI3h U< PKNoUQ hKQBi 3v IxoIP oU v x
I3 3v P3hK* Q siK* N 3N3*I hB3\*UP Uh rVrJrpSJlrzz Q0io Q0 hU 0v x\*UP 3hQ h0 \ *U$i I3 oh3 Y^Z
k k. 4
refugees from entering the country. â&#x20AC;&#x153;The basic impulse, this growing need for so many people to move because of political calamity and environmental catastrophe, and the rise of nativism and tribalism â&#x20AC;&#x201D; those things were quite clearly happening,â&#x20AC;? he said. â&#x20AC;&#x153;While I hadnâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t imagined weâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;d be where we are now, I guess Iâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;m not surprised.â&#x20AC;? But while â&#x20AC;&#x153;Exit Westâ&#x20AC;? seems like a dark reflection of our tumultuous times, Mr. Hamid said the novel grew out of a hopeful impulse. â&#x20AC;&#x153;What if we look at a very difficult future â&#x20AC;&#x201D; can we still find hope and beauty and love and things that we want?â&#x20AC;? he said. â&#x20AC;&#x153;For me, this is not a novel about dystopia; actually itâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s about looking for signs of hope and optimism in the future.â&#x20AC;? The novel represents bold new territory for Mr. Hamid, whose earlier works, including â&#x20AC;&#x153;The Reluctant Fundamentalistâ&#x20AC;? and â&#x20AC;&#x153;How to Get Filthy Rich in Rising Asia,â&#x20AC;? were formally innovative and experimental but firmly grounded in reality. â&#x20AC;&#x153;Iâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;ve tried to abide by the laws of physics up until now,â&#x20AC;? he said. He drew inspiration from Jorge Luis Borges, and from childrenâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s literature, one of his favorite genres. He grew up devouring books by J .R. R. Tolkien and C. S. Lewis, and lately has been reading Harry Potter to his 7-year-old daughter. The spare prose in â&#x20AC;&#x153;Exit Westâ&#x20AC;? feels almost biblical at times. The magic doors give the story a mythical sweep, as the refugee couple, Nadia and Saeed, escape to Mykonos, then London, then finally the Bay Area, encountering angry nationalist mobs but also benefiting from the unexpected generosity of strangers. Mr. Chabon said that the surreal elements of the novel allowed Mr. Hamid to write about the refugee experience in ways that â&#x20AC;&#x153;few writers would have the courage or chutzpah to get to.â&#x20AC;? â&#x20AC;&#x153;What makes this book special is that it
takes on a subject that a lot of readers are going to wish they could avert their eyes from,â&#x20AC;? he said. â&#x20AC;&#x153;Magical realism is about getting you to look at something with fresh eyes and see something marvelous in the everyday, and thereâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s something radical about treating the refugee experience as something with the potential to be marvelous.â&#x20AC;? Like his protagonists, Mr. Hamid has spent much of his life feeling displaced, rootless and alienated. â&#x20AC;&#x153;Grappling with movement, and the wrenching and painful nature of that, has been very central to my life,â&#x20AC;? he said. Born in Lahore in 1971, Mr. Hamid moved at age 3 to Northern California, where his father was studying for a Ph.D. at Stanford. A chatty child, he suddenly found himself cut off from language, unable to communicate with other children. He assimilated, only to be uprooted again at 9, when his family returned to Pakistan. By then, he had forgotten how to speak Urdu, his first language. â&#x20AC;&#x153;When I was younger I used to imagine I was some kind of a freak, Iâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;m not really anything,â&#x20AC;? he said. â&#x20AC;&#x153;I became a very good chameleon.â&#x20AC;? At 18, he returned to the United States to attend Princeton, where he took writing workshops with Ms. Oates and Toni Morrison. Ms. Oates recalled him as â&#x20AC;&#x153;quietly well spoken, though forceful in his critiques of othersâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; work.â&#x20AC;? He later went to Harvard Law School, and continued to write fiction, working on a draft of â&#x20AC;&#x153;Moth Smoke.â&#x20AC;? He worked as a consultant at McKinsey & Company in New York, and convinced the company to give him three to four months off a year to write. He later moved to London, where he met his wife, a classically trained singer and musician who is also from Lahore. After the birth of their daughter, Mr. Hamid felt a pang of homesickness, and convinced his wife to move back to Lahore to be near their parents. (He is a dual citizen of Pakistan and Britain.) â&#x20AC;&#x153;I remember him saying, â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;I have to go back, itâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s a waste of happiness to be away from them,â&#x20AC;&#x2122;â&#x20AC;? said the filmmaker Mira Nair, who directed a film adaptation of â&#x20AC;&#x153;The Reluctant Fundamentalist.â&#x20AC;? Mr. Hamid has lived in Lahore for the past seven years. He writes while his two children are at school â&#x20AC;&#x201D; pacing around his office and reading passages out loud â&#x20AC;&#x201D; and works as a consultant for the branding agency Wolff Olins. His wife runs a restaurant. Heâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s deeply attached to Lahore. But Mr. Hamid feels conflicted about whether he belongs there. â&#x20AC;&#x153;The life of a writer is more fraught here than it might be in other places,â&#x20AC;? he said. Sometimes, he considers leaving again, but worries about the emotional toll on his family. â&#x20AC;&#x153;Itâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s not so easy to pick up and leave,â&#x20AC;? he said. â&#x20AC;&#x153;As is the case in the novel, leaving home is an emotionally violent act.â&#x20AC;?
r 4 hM s<< NU UQx I NIUs$ 3iiK* 3*Io Q0 QQx 3 KoU hoIsh KNN3hgi
8,) 46-')
Kh3*o30 $x 3hhx KQQ3x hoIsh KNN3hi I3 hK*3\*UP rVr\kVS\Vpzz hUsW N3i- rVr\kVS\SpSp P3hK* Q KhNKQ3i I3 oh3 Y^Z. rrk @r o
3v UP30x hKoo3Q $x o hhKQB PPx v h0JvKQQKQB UQK* KW3h UQ k. Is r k. hK 4. o r 4. sQ p 3N3*I hB3\*UP Uh rVrJrpSJlrzz hUsWi YVz^Z- rVrJrl>J4>zz 3v UhN0 o B3i Y^Z. p@z \ >zoI o\ Uo I o 3vKiI\*UP
U0 x o r-pz k-pzWP 3v N x o Kox 3Qo3h o B3
6-2+ 8;-') *36 1-6%2(%
hKoo3Q $x Kh3*o30 $x Kox 3Qo3h\UhB Uh Kox Kw rVrJ>4VJVrVr KQB vK*3 Uh Kh Q0 \*UP
. VpV >>
A Gay Barâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Last Night Itâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s 1973, just before a horrific (and real) New Orleans fire. THERE ARE BARS where everybody knows your name, and bars where people invite you to a bathroom tryst. Such is the dive in Max Vernonâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s choppy but likable new musical, â&#x20AC;&#x153;The View UpStairs,â&#x20AC;? at Culture Project. UpStairs is the platonic ideal of a gay bar: colored lights, a white piano, tchotchkes on every available surface, photos of Elton John and Bea Arthur â&#x20AC;&#x201D; Jason Sherwoodâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s immersive set is so inviting that your first impulse may be to order a beer. If the vibe is old school, itâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s because itâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s 1973. UpStairs was an actual New Orleans
The View UpStairs Through May 21 at the Lynn Redgrave Theater at Culture Project, Manhattan; theviewupstairs .com. Running time: 1 hour 45 minutes.
bar that was destroyed that year in a horrendous act of arson that killed 32 â&#x20AC;&#x201D; the worst anti-gay carnage until the Pulse nightclub shooting in Orlando last year. The audience members know this (thanks to a program insert, as the event itself is, sadly, largely forgotten), but the new kid doesnâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t. Heâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s a brash young fashion designer, Wes (Jeremy Pope), who struts in with attitude . . . and a smartphone.
Wes is from 2017, and through a loop in the space-time continuum (also known as writerâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s prerogative), heâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s landed at UpStairs just before it is burned. The show consists of his learning valuable lessons about gay and lesbian history, as well as the importance of connecting in real life. Some of the best scenes consist of Wesâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s interacting with other men without the help of Photoshop and dating apps. â&#x20AC;&#x153;I havenâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t even seen any photos of you!â&#x20AC;? he tells the sensitive hustler Patrick (Taylor Frey). â&#x20AC;&#x153;Youâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;re looking right at me,â&#x20AC;? Patrick shoots back. The show, directed by Scott Ebersold, becomes bogged down in heavy-handed lecturing toward the end, and favors quips over plot. But Mr. Vernonâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s score, which draws from the periodâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s disco, soft rock and glam sounds, is solid â&#x20AC;&#x201D; which is important, since the evening essentially consists of â&#x20AC;&#x153;all about meâ&#x20AC;? songs by the staff and patrons. Frenchie Davis is in especially fine vocal form as a butch bartender, but the runaway star is Nathan Lee Graham, who makes the most of his supporting turn as Willie, a highly theatrical UpStairs regular. Every time Willie is onstage, something unexpected and marvelous happens: a kooky line reading, an archly raised eyebrow, a Kabuki grimace. A fabulous cross between Norma Desmond and Eartha Kitt, Willie channels a vintage camp that is all too rare nowadays.
THE NEW YORK TIMES, WEDNESDAY, MARCH 8, 2017
C5
N
Redeveloping Brooklyn’s Batcave CONTINUED FROM PAGE C1
the Powerhouse Workshop, will include metalwork, woodwork, printmaking, ceramics and fiber art, as well as exhibition space. “The building has long been a destination for artists, and we wanted to keep it that way,” Katie Dixon, the foundation’s executive director, said during a recent tour of the cavernous former turbine hall. The Powerhouse Workshop will share at least one thing with its tonier neighbors: top-shelf designers, namely Herzog & de Meuron, the Pritzker Prize-winning Swiss firm, who may now qualify as the most famous architects to work within a Superfund site. In many ways, the workshop brings that Basel-based firm full circle. Herzog & de Meuron’s breakout project was the Tate Modern, which took the old Bankside Power Station and turned it into one of the most popular museums in London. In Brooklyn, the designers are attempting the reverse, transforming a hub of underground culture back into an industrial complex, albeit for manufacturing art. The foundation spent four years studying what to do with the power station after pur-
Designs by Herzog & de Meuron would transform a site on the Gowanus Canal. chasing it in 2012 for $7 million. The initial thought was studio space, but after surveying artists, the Powerhouse team discovered a greater unmet need: fabricating the art. That need has been growing more acute, as the same real estate pressures pushing out artists are displacing the artisans and manufacturers who helped realize their work. The foundation anticipates that the project will create more than 100 jobs. Operations will spread across the existing turbine hall and a new structure that traces the form of the boiler house that stood next door before its demolition in the 1950s. “The building always seemed very incomplete without the other third,” said Ascan Mergenthaler, a senior partner at Herzog & de Meuron who is overseeing the project. “Any addition should occupy the footprint of the original, so both become a whole again.” The new six-story structure is essentially a large rectangle imbued with Herzog & de Meuron’s pyrotechnic modesty. Where the original building had a pitched roof and a pair of giant smokestacks, the new structure is flat. The original roofline will be visible, however, a ghost incised in the pattern of the facade. There had been discussions about creating new ventilation systems in the shape of the smokestacks, but that was deemed superfluous. “It’s always a very slippery slope how much you let the original building influence your designs,” Mr. Mergenthaler said. “We only take the things that make sense for operations today and throw the rest away.” One thing the Powerhouse will not be throwing away is the Batcave’s graffiti. While the building needs considerable structural work, and a portion of the bricks will have to be removed to make repairs, any old surfaces that can be preserved will be. “It’s an incredible legacy for us to build on,” Ms. Dixon said. “There are so many layers here, we don’t want to take any away. We simply want to add our own.” Though few individual pieces in the Bat-
TIM CHAFEE/THE NEW YORK TIMES
VIA POWERHOUSE ENVIRONMENTAL ARTS FOUNDATION
cave are particularly notable, Henry Chalfant, a graffiti expert, remarked on a recent tour how the totality of the art is what makes it special, a reminder of the “outlaw spaces” that once populated much more of the city. “It’s kind of a flashback coming in here for me, and being among all the graffiti,” Mr. Chalfant, who was a producer of the 1983 street art documentary “Style Wars,” said. The top floor of the turbine hall soars 25 feet to a saw-toothed roof currently open to the sky. The hope is to glass it over to create a staging ground for art in progress, as well as for events and exhibitions. The foundation, established by the philanthropist
MICHELLE V. AGINS/THE NEW YORK TIMES
Joshua Rechnitz, has spent $400,000 on the site so far and plans to start construction this fall. No zoning changes are required since the Powerhouse conforms to the area’s industrial use. The foundation declined to release a budget for the project, which is still out to bid. It plans to open the Powerhouse Workshop in 2020. Not far from the Powerhouse, the project is already generating excitement. At the BRT Printshop in Red Hook, Brooklyn, which produces screen prints, Luther Davis recently recalled telling some of his artist clients about the complex. “Instantly, they had ideas for new pieces and new processes, like painting on metal
ANTHONY TOMMASINI
sheets or textiles,” Mr. Davis said. “Just imagine having all these amazing craftspeople sitting around, looking at work or sipping coffee, all the ideas they might have. You can’t do that over the phone or email.” The Powerhouse Workshop hopes to welcome powerhouses of the art world as well as striving artists. The latter might even pay reduced fees that would be offset by the more established — and expensive — work of others. To Ms. Dixon, it is an epochal opportunity for the New York art scene. “Even Andy Warhol,” she said, “had to leave the Factory to produce his work.”
Clockwise from top, two views of the Batcave as it is now, and an archival photo of the Gowanus Brooklyn Rapid Transit power station that operated on the site for about a half-century, until the 1950s.
OPERA REVIEW
After Tragedy and Shipwreck, a Happy Ending CONTINUED FROM PAGE C1
25th birthday. A big opportunity, the commission came with restrictions: Mozart was expected to produce an opera more or less in the elevated classicist vein of Gluck. He did, while making that “opera seria” style his own. He pruned the libretto drastically to enhance the dramatic pacing, and wrote complex music that plumbs the emotional turmoil of the characters. Now and then on Monday, there were moments of imprecision and slight glitches. No matter. Mr. Levine had something loftier in mind. The playing was warm and magisterial. Tempos had fleetness where called for. But the music-making never sounded forced or overly emphatic. The overture segues into a solo scene for Ilia, a Trojan princess who is now a prisoner on the island of Crete, where Idomeneo, who has been off fighting in the Trojan wars, is king. Ilia has fallen in love with her captor, Idamante, Idomeneo’s son and heir. The soprano Nadine Sierra brought her bright, agile voice to the role, singing with expressivity and tenderness. Idamante was sung here by the mellowvoiced, ardent Alice Coote, a mezzo-soprano, who conveys the young man’s crisis: worried about his father’s fate, yet yearning with desire for Ilia, an enemy. As a gesture of peace, Idamante releases the Trojan prisoners, which elicits one of this work’s great choruses, a gracious paean to forgiveness and brotherhood, performed with full-bodied sound and eloquence by the Met chorus. Idamante and his countrymen are plunged into grief when a report comes that Idomeneo, while returning to Crete, has been shipwrecked and drowned. But in the next scene, we learn that while Idomeneo has survived, it has come at a cost. In a fitful burst of dramatic recitative, Idomeneo, washed up on shore, describes the pledge he made to Neptune: If the god saves him, Idomeneo will sacrifice the first man he encounters. That person turns out to be his
Idomeneo Through March 25 at the Metropolitan Opera; 212-362-6000, metopera.org.
PHOTOGRAPHS BY HIROYUKI ITO FOR THE NEW YORK TIMES
Above, Nadine Sierra, left, and Alice Coote as the lovers Ilia and Idamante. Far right, Matthew Polenzani in the title role of “Idomeneo.”
son, Idamante. Some tenors singing Idomeneo emphasize the heroic cast of the music. But the role also demands classic Mozartean refinement. Mr. Polenzani combines both qualities in his poignant, gripping performance, singing with melting warmth one moment, virile heft the next. In the tour de force Act II aria “Fuor del mar,” Idomeneo vents his distress: The fury of the sea now rages within his heart, he says. Mr. Polenzani sang the original Munich version of the aria, replete with florid runs. His execution of the passagework may have lacked some measure of articulate clarity. But he dispatched
the demanding aria with defiance and fervor. The production holds up remarkably well. (David Kneuss has directed the revival.) As he often did, Ponnelle, who died in 1988, opted for an 18th-century look and costumes. The stage is framed by weatherbeaten Greek columns; scene changes take place through the movement of scrims with drawings of classical architecture and ruins; the ominous face of Neptune keeps appearing in the background. The choristers register their reactions in beautifully stylized collective movements — for example, crouching in fear when Arbace, the king’s
adviser (here the solid tenor Gregory Schmidt, taking the place of an ill Alan Opie) is about to deliver the news of Idomeneo’s demise. The menacing presence throughout the story is Elettra, who has fled to Crete from Mycenae after the murder of her father, King Agamemnon. She has fallen in love with Idamante and seethes with jealousy over his love for Ilia. Vocally and dramatically, the role is a tough assignment. The soprano Elza van den Heever triumphs in it. This Elettra has a very fragile majesty. When she gets her way, she turns vulnerable, singing with sensuality and warmth. But when crossed, she erupts with unhinged intensity and steely sound, as in her furious final aria, after the disembodied voice of Neptune (here, in a bit of luxury casting, Eric Owens) forgives Idomeneo and blesses the union of Idamante and Ilia. You accept the happy ending Mozart provides since we and his characters have been through so much together, especially in this splendid performance. Here is the Met at its best. Mozart, too.
C6
THE NEW YORK TIMES, WEDNESDAY, MARCH 8, 2017
N
DWIGHT GARNER
BOOKS OF THE TIMES
The Intrigues Of the Architect A new biography examines Louis Kahn’s life and buildings.
PHOTOGRAPHS BY JAMES HILL FOR THE NEW YORK TIMES
Marita Phillips, great-great-great-granddaughter of Pushkin and Czar Nicholas I, at the Novaya Opera Theater in Moscow. She wrote the libretto for “Pushkin: Poet and Czar,” while Konstantin Boyarsky composed the music; below, musicians rehearsing for the debut performance last month.
A Descendant’s Daring Homage A new opera juxtaposes Pushkin with Czar Nicholas I. By NEIL MacFARQUHAR MOSCOW — Marita Phillips grew up in Eng-
land aware of her Russian ancestry, yet not fully realizing that her bloodline sprang from the two men who dominated the Russian Empire in the early 19th century. Her forebears did not exactly get along. Czar Nicholas I and Alexander Pushkin — revered for establishing the language and style of modern Russian literature — sparred repeatedly in St. Petersburg, the imperial capital. The isolated czar suspected that Pushkin’s popular poems damning despotism helped inspire an anti-monarchist uprising, which he crushed on the day he assumed the throne. Nicholas’s grandson and Pushkin’s granddaughter met in the South of France at the end of the 19th century and married. Ms. Phillips, 62, is a descendant of the match, which so scandalized the royal family that the couple never returned to Russia. The great-great-great-granddaughter of both the czar and Pushkin, she remembers her formidable grandmother being related to practically every royal in Europe, including Queen Elizabeth II of England. That same grandmother once gave her a paperback version of a Pushkin fairy tale. Eventually Ms. Phillips, who has written the book and lyrics for the children’s musicals “The Dream Dealer” and “Buzz: The Story of Glorybee,” tried to write a play about the two men. Over more than 15 years, various drafts gradually mutated into the libretto for an opera, “Pushkin: Poet and Czar,” which had its debut in concert form in Moscow on Feb. 4. (Talks are ongoing about future performances.) “The thing that currently interests me enormously is the whole business of creatives,” Ms. Phillips said over borscht and tea in Hermitage Garden, a Moscow park that surrounds the Novaya Opera Theater, where “Pushkin,” with an often-soaring score by the Russian composer Konstantin Boyarsky, was performed. Writers, painters and musicians are so often admired yet badly paid and exhibit a certain flair for running amok. “Pushkin is an exact perfect example of not having any money; making a complete mess of his personal life; getting everything wrong,” she said. “But when he sits down, he writes stuff that you say, ‘Where does that come from?’” In her desire to explore the unconscious and what it produces, Pushkin seemed a natural choice of subject. “Because of Pushkin being related,” she added, “I suppose it was a way to find out about him. It was a way to discover him.” He does not emerge as a particularly ap-
pealing character. Impulsive, irreverent and bawdy, he treats women badly and gambles with money cadged off friends. He mocks the Dutch ambassador, Jacob van Heeckeren, for adopting a dashing young French officer, Georges d’Anthès, who later proved to be Pushkin’s nemesis. “Is that buggery — or incest?” the opera’s Pushkin sings, while miming the former. (The opera was sung in English.) The outlines of the story are well known. In 1837, convinced (likely wrongly) that his young wife, Natalya, a famous beauty, was cuckolding him with d’Anthès, Pushkin challenged the officer to a duel. D’Anthès shot Pushkin dead. (While the opera ends
A poet making a ‘mess of his personal life’ but soaring creatively. there, in life the widowed Natalya went on to have an affair with the czar.) “Poet and Czar” pays homage to Pushkin, with several of his poems linked to developments in the plot read aloud in Russian. Scrawled pages from his diary flashed across a backdrop behind the principal singers and large chorus. Ms. Phillips put the words of one love poem into the mouth of the gay Dutch ambassador serenading d’Anthès. The scene is meant to stress that even those who despised Pushkin used his words to express their emotions — and it also takes a jab at modern Russian politics, given the toxic environment in the country for gay people. By the end of the opera, the artist outshines the autocrat. A Gypsy concludes the
work with a prophecy addressing Nicholas: “The house of Romanov will die. And you — you will be remembered only as the czar who lived in the time of Pushkin.” Ms. Phillips had trouble getting the work staged in Russia, where Pushkin is still widely worshiped. Stage productions featuring him are rare and tend to stick to the deifying narrative. An attempt to stage the opera in St. Petersburg was rejected by a director appalled at the idea of presenting the poet onstage as a flawed mortal. When it was pointed out that shows like “Jesus Christ Superstar” had succeeded in London, the director shot back: “That was Jesus Christ. We’re talking about Pushkin.” At the Novaya Opera Theater, Ms. Phillips’s family tree was hung on a backstage bulletin board to deflect charges of cultural carpetbagging. “They probably thought it was fake,” she deadpanned. Some audience members objected to Ms. Phillips, a foreigner despite her glittering ancestry, showing Pushkin gladly accepting his own demise. “I feel like a Muslim was telling me the story of Jesus Christ,” said Sergei Markov, a former chief executive of the Russian National Orchestra. Ms. Phillips responded that she had avoided writing a straight historical piece, instead attempting to use Pushkin’s fate to explore the idea that an artist, unable to create as a result of burdens like debt and marital strife, might welcome his own passing. Some Russians in the audience found the idea of delving into the man behind the literature a welcome departure. Sergei Korotkevich had come for the music, but was taken by the story line. “Pushkin was not just a bronze bust,” he said.
WENDY LESSER’S BIOGRAPHY of the architect Louis Kahn (19011974) is, like one of Kahn’s monumental buildings, unusual in its design. Lesser distributes critical essays on Kahn’s best-known structures, including the National Assembly Building of Bangladesh and the Phillips Exeter Library, in New Hampshire, at regular intervals in her narrative, as if they were load-bearing walls. So many of Kahn’s masterpieces were built toward the end of his life. This design prevents “You Say to Brick: The Life of Louis Kahn” from taking on too much water at the stern. Like Kahn’s buildings, too, Lesser’s book has its penetralia, core elements to which one is only gradually led. Kahn had terrible scarring on the lower part of his face, for example, from a childhood accident. He didn’t talk about these scars. Few people knew the whole story. Lesser doesn’t tell us, either, until near the end of her book. This reticence allocates some drama, and suggests what it was like to know the reticent Kahn. Lesser is the founder and editor of The Threepenny Review, a wellregarded literary magazine based in Berkeley, Calif., and the author of many nonfiction books, including “Music for Silenced Voices: Shostakovich and His Fifteen Quartets” (2011). Her biography is not the first we have of Kahn, but it is notable for
You Say to Brick: The Life of Louis Kahn By Wendy Lesser Illustrated. 397 pages. Farrar, Straus and Giroux. $30.
its warm, engaged, literate tone and its psychological acuity. Lesser’s prologue is almost too tasty, an intellectual fanfare. It’s the kind of sharp summary that has a double-edged effect. It tantalizes. It can also make you think: That was a perfect primer. This can’t get much better. Time to exit through the gift shop? The biggest of Kahn’s secrets, one that in recent years has threatened to swamp more nuanced discussion of his work, was a sociosexual one. He had a daughter with his wife, Esther, to whom he remained married until his death. He also had children with two other women. He essentially presided, in a living manifestation of hub-andspoke architecture, over three families at once. Esther was aware of the younger women and their children. Still, there were scenes out of a Feydeau farce at Kahn’s Philadelphia offices. Lesser quotes one onlooker who says, “We always used to say that Lou’s wife was one mistress behind.” This eye-popping human drama was exposed, to a general audience at any rate, in an intimate documentary about Kahn titled “My Architect” (2003), made by his youngest child, Nathaniel. Kahn was born in Estonia; his given name was Leiser-Itze Schmulowsky. When he was 5 his family moved to Philadelphia, where he grew up in poverty. His father was a stained-glass artist who worked mostly as a laborer. His mother took jobs in the garment industry and later in a candy shop. Follow Dwight Garner on Twitter: @Dwight Garner
RICHARD RIZZO
There was art and music at home, however. Kahn attended public high school in Philadelphia and then the University of Pennsylvania, where he studied architecture. He was short, scarred and skinny. He had a squeaky voice. He could be socially awkward. But he was a meticulous dresser, in the rumpled-but-dandified manner of Walker Evans and William Eggleston. There was something magnetic about Kahn. Women adored him. Lesser enjoys unspooling the threads of Kahn’s unconventional personality. He was a formal man, yet everyone called him Lou. He had enormous hands, and was a self-taught piano player. At a party or in a bar, he would seize the room by banging out Gershwin’s “Rhapsody in Blue” at wallrattling volume. He spoke in enigmatic non sequiturs, which Lesser calls “Lou-language.” About how desire has more tidal pull than mere need, he once said: “Need is so many bananas. Need is a ham sandwich. But desire is insatiable and you can never know what it is.” This book’s title is taken from a different snatch of Lou-language, which begins: “You say to brick, ‘What do you want, brick?’ Brick says to you, ‘I like an arch.’” Kahn ran his bustling office as if it were an art studio, not an office. He was terrible with money; paychecks were often late. He treated his employees well, but there was room for only one magus in his court. He made the important decisions himself. He was beloved by his students at Penn, where he taught for many years. But he could be withering. He would hold an offending blueprint in the air and say: “This building is a turd on the landscape. Whose is it?” Lesser has done a great deal of traveling for this book, and she has an innate feel for Kahn’s architecture. About the enormity of many of his buildings, she notes: “Far from diminishing you or making you feel antlike, the grandeur elevates you to its own level.” This is what’s uncanny about Kahn’s work. When you enter his looming National Assembly Building in Bangladesh, for example, you feel you’ve stepped into the echoing and almost posthuman set of Fritz Lang’s silent film “Metropolis.” Only with time does the building shed its chilly concrete hauteur; its soulfulness does a slow reveal. Lesser has a feel, too, for Kahn’s missteps. Some of his buildings were misfires, loathed by the people who work or live in them. Students at Exeter refer to the dining hall he built there, for example, as “the Crematorium” because of its brick chimneys and air of oppressive menace. Lesser’s biography has a flaw, and it’s not insignificant. She races through the eight years Kahn spent in high school and college in eight pages. There’s little exact detail. These are the years most biographers linger on, extracting all the juices, because they’re when an unusual life begins to diverge from the mundane ones that surround it. They’re when a personality is forged. Late in this book, Lesser quotes the architect Vincent Scully, who explains Kahn’s tenacity by saying, “He was a wrestler, you know — a very muscular person who walked on the balls of his feet.” The reader scans this sentence and feels cheated of something important. Wrestling? Lesser never told us about the wrestling.
THE NEW YORK TIMES, WEDNESDAY, MARCH 8, 2017
EVENING 7:00
8:30
9:00
9:30
10:30
11:00
11:30
12:00
WLIW WNYE
92Y on N.Y.C.Life
Secrets
31
WPXN
Law & Order “Sheltered.” (14)
Law & Order “Smoke.” (14)
Law & Order “Couples.” (14)
Law & Order “Bodies.” (14)
Law & Order “Bounty.” (14)
Law & Order (14)
41
WXTV
La Rosa de Guadalupe (N) (14)
Pequeños Gigantes U.S.A. (N)
Vino el Amor (N) (14)
La Piloto (N)
Noticias (N)
Deportivo
47
WNJU
Caso Cerrado: Edición Estelar (N) La Fan (N) (14)
El Chema (N) (14)
Noticias
48
WRNN
News (N)
49
CPTV
PBS NewsHour (N)
50
WNJN
One on One
News
Drive by History Here’s the Story Victoria on Masterpiece (PG)
55
WLNY
2 Broke Girls
2 Broke Girls
Dr. Phil (N) (PG)
63
WMBC
Real Estate
Real Estate
Bible School
68
WFUT
Moisés y los diez mandamientos Moisés y los diez mandamientos Mujeres de negro
WNBC
5
WNYW
7
WABC
9
WWOR
11
WPIX
13
WNET
One Smile at a Time (PG)
Blueprint: N.Y.C. Neighborhood
Eating Harlem
La Doña (N) (14) No Aging
Paid Program
The Moody Blues at the Royal Albert Hall (G)
Skin Secrets
News
$9.99
Asian American Speakeasy (PG)
The Gate: A Pacific Journey (PG) Paid Program
BrainFit: 50 Ways to Grow Your Brain With Daniel Amen, MD
News (N) Change-World
O Criminal Minds: Beyond Bor-
News (N)
25
4
O Survivor “The Stakes Have Been Raised.” A castaway introduces the
10:00
21
WCBS
Entertainment Tonight (N) (G)
8:00
The Late Show With Stephen spy shack 2.0. (Season Premiere) (N) (PG) ders “Lost Souls.” (Season PreColbert Michael Ian Black; Jackson miere) (N) (14) Galaxy. (N) (PG) (11:35) Extra (N) (PG) Access HollyLaw & Order: Special Victims Law & Order: Special Victims Unit Chicago P.D. “Don’t Read the News (N) The Tonight Show Starring Jimmy wood (N) (PG) Unit “Next Chapter.” A woman is as- “Chasing Theo.” A reckless mother’s News.” A young woman is found Fallon Mike Myers; Tim Ferriss; saulted by a masked man. (14) child disappears. (14) shot to death. (14) Steve Aoki. (14) (11:34) Modern Family Modern Family Lethal Weapon “A Problem Like Star “Saving Face.” Someone is News (N) The Big Bang The Simpsons TMZ Live (N) “The Last Walt.” “Planes, Trains Maria.” Riggs and Murtaugh investi- arrested for Otis’ murder. (N) (14) Theory “Pilot.” “The Burns (PG) (PG) and Cars.” (PG) gate a cartel. (N) (14) (9:01) (14) Cage.” (PG) Jeopardy! (N) Wheel of ForO Designated Survivor “Warriors.” News (N) The Goldbergs Speechless Jimmy Kimmel Live Brie Larson; Modern Family black-ish (G) tune “Bella Italia.” “Deadheads.” (N) “S-U-R-- SURKal Penn; Spoon performs. (N) (14) “Basketball.” (N) “ToysRn’tUs.” (N) The aftermath of the shooting. (N) (N) (G) (14) (14) (11:35) PRISE!” (N) (PG) (PG) (PG) (9:31) Family Feud The Big Bang Marvel’s Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. Marvel’s Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. News (N) Inside Edition Harry Sofía Vergara; Gabourey Anger Manage(PG) Theory (14) “The Asset.” (PG) “Eye Spy.” (PG) (N) (PG) Sidibe. (PG) ment (14) Two and a Half Two and a Half Arrow “Second Chances.” Oliver The 100 “Echoes.” The fate of the News (N) Seinfeld (PG) Seinfeld “The Friends (14) Men (14) Men (14) gets help to take down Kovar. (14) world is revealed. (14) Calzone.” (G) PBS NewsHour (N) Nature “The Mystery of Eels.” Un- Nova “Why Ships Sink.” Events Saving Jamaica Bay (2016). Docu- Charlie Rose (N) (PG) Tavis Smiley covering the mystery of the eel. (PG) leading up to cruise disasters. (PG) mentary. (N) (G) MetroFocus Business Report Downton Abbey on Masterpiece (14) Rock Rewind EastEnders (PG) EastEnders (PG) MetroFocus World News Spy in the Wild
2
The Insider (N)
7:30
Secrets of the Tower of London
News
Judge Judy (PG) Judge Judy (PG) Mike & Molly Christian CEOs Real Estate
Regrow Hair
HBO HBO2 MAX SHO SHO2 STARZ STZENC TMC
Noticiero Uni
Aging Neck ?
Classroom
Charlie Rose (N)
Mike & Molly
Ent. Tonight
Make $$ in Real Estate Locally
Por Siempre Joan Sebastian (14) Noticias (N)
Real Estate Laura (14)
CABLE A&E AHC AMC APL
8:00
8:30
9:00
9:30
Duck Dynasty Duck Dynasty Duck Dynasty Duck Dynasty Duck Dynasty Jep & Jessica: (PG) “Half in the Bag.” (PG) (N) (PG) (N) (PG) Growing Codes and Conspiracies (PG) 9/11Tapes: Chaos in Sky 9/11: As We Watched (MA) . The Fugitive (1993). Harrison Unstoppable (2010). Denzel Washington, Chris Pine. Two men and a Ford, Tommy Lee Jones. (PG-13) (5) runaway train. An action machine. (PG-13) Pit Bulls and Parolees (PG) Pit Bulls and Parolees (PG) Pit Bulls and Parolees “Hounded.”
10:00
10:30
11:00
11:30
Sherlock “The Hounds of Baskerville.” A monstrous creature. (14) Sherlock “The Reichenbach Fall.” (14) Ripper Street (Season Premiere) (N) The New Edition Story “Part Two.” The New Edition Story “Part Three.” New Edition reaches heights of The Quad “Mulebone.” Sydney’s TIME: The Kalief Browder Story (Part 2 of 3) (14) (5:48) success. (Part 3 of 3) (14) (8:06) rape allegation. (N) (14) “The Island.” (N) (Part 2 of 6) (14) BLOOM Bloomberg Daybreak: Asia (N) (G) Bloomberg Markets: Asia (N) (G) The David Rubenstein Show Charlie Rose (PG) Bloomberg Markets: Middle East Southern Charm “Reunion Part Southern Charm “Reunion Part Southern Charm Southern Charm The Real Housewives of Beverly Watch What Southern Charm BRV One.” (Part 1 of 2) (14) Two.” (Part 2 of 2) (14) (N) (14) (14) Hills “Sweet Georgia Jayne.” (14) Happens Live (14) CBSSN Bask College Basketball Patriot League Tournament, Lehigh vs. Bucknell. Inside College Basketball Drive to N.C.A.A. March Madness N.C.A.A. Men BET
Last-Standing
CN
We Bare Bears We Bare Bears Shark Tank Chic fashion accessories for dogs. (PG) Erin Burnett OutFront (N)
Last-Standing
COOK CSPAN
U.S. House of Representatives Special Orders (N) (Live)
CNN COM
King of the Hill Cleveland Show Shark Tank Entrepreneurs with military backgrounds. (PG) Anderson Cooper 360 (N) (PG)
Workaholics (N) Jeff & Some (14) Aliens (N) (14) Cake Hunters Polly’s Cakes
The Daily Show At Midnight With The High Court Chris Hardwick (N) (14) (12:01) Good Eats (G) Good Eats (G) Cupcake Wars
Politics and Public Policy Today
Politics-Public
E!
Stoler Rpt CUNY Special Great Decisions Bunk’d “Coun- Jessie “Morning Jessie (G) selors’ Night Off.” Rush.” (G) Restored (N) (G) Restored (G) Bering Sea Gold “Reaper MadAlaskan Bush People “Forever ness.” (N) (14) Browntown.” (PG) So Cosmo (14) E! News (N) (PG)
ELREY
Lucha Underground (14)
Lucha Underground “Bird of War.” Lucha Underground (14)
Outbreak (1995). Dustin Hoffman, Rene Russo. (R)
ESPN
N.B.A. Countdown
N.B.A. Detroit Pistons vs. Indiana Pacers.
ESPN2
College Basketball A.C.C. Tournament.
DSC
ESPNCL Up Close
Up Close
Study W/ Best Bunk’d (G)
Who’s Number 1?
Can’t Blame.
Can’t Blame.
SportsCenter
Who’s Number 1?
Can’t Blame.
Can’t Blame.
Team Ninja Warrior (Part 3 of 5)
The Agent (PG)
The Agent (PG)
Brew Dogs “Delaware.” (PG)
Brew Dogs “Grand Rapids, MI.”
FOOD
Chopped Junior (G)
Chopped Junior (N) (G) The O’Reilly Factor (N)
Cooks vs. Cons (G) Tucker Carlson Tonight (N)
Bakers vs. Fakers (N) (G) Hannity (N)
Bakers vs. Fakers “Say Cheese.” The O’Reilly Factor
FREEFRM A Cinderella Story (2004). Hilary Duff. (PG) (6:30)
Digital Age Girl Meets World Stone House Bering Sea Gold (14)
N.B.A. Boston Celtics vs. Golden State Warriors.
College Basketball A.C.C. Tournament.
ESQTV
FOXNEWS The First 100 Days (N)
SportsCenter Basketball Car Matchmaker
Cooks vs. Cons Tucker Carlson Tonight The Prince & Me (2004). Premed student meets Danish prince. Gooey and dewey-eyed. (PG) The 700 Club A former Russian spy. Beth Cooper
FS1
College Basketball Big East Tournament, Georgetown vs. St. John’s.
FUSE
FXX
Moesha (PG) Moesha (PG) The Scorpion King 2: Rise of a Warrior (2008). Michael Copon, Randy Couture. (PG-13) The Scorpion King 3: Battle for Redemption (2012). Billy Zane. (PG-13) Captain America: The Winter Soldier (2014). Chris Evans, Scarlett Johansson. Captain faces familiar enLegion “Chapter 5.” David faces a Legion “Chapter 5.” David faces a new threat. (MA) emy. Runs out of superhero steam. (PG-13) new threat. (N) (MA) (11:10) The Smurfs 2 (2013). Neil Patrick Rise of the Guardians (2012). Voices of Chris Pine, Alec Baldwin. Ani- Rise of the Guardians (2012). Voices of Chris Pine, Alec Baldwin. Animat- . The Three Harris, Brendan Gleeson. (PG) (6) mated. Evil spirit attacks guardians of childhood. Intermittent magic. (PG) ed. Evil spirit attacks guardians of childhood. Intermittent magic. (PG) (9:53) Stooges (2012). The Other Woman (2014). (5:30) Grown Ups 2 (2013). Adam Sandler, Kevin James. (PG-13) O Always Sunny Seeking Wman Always Sunny Seeking Wman Seeking Wman
FYI
Wife Swap “Ghani/Stallone.” (PG)
GOLF
Golf Academy
Learning Center Inside P.G.A.
P.G.A. Tour Golf
GSN
Family Feud
Family Feud
Family Feud
Family Feud
Divided (N) (PG) Divided (N) (PG) Family Feud
Family Feud
Family Feud
HALL
Last-Standing
Last-Standing
Last-Standing
Last-Standing
The Middle (PG) The Middle (PG) The Middle (PG) The Middle (PG) Golden Girls
Golden Girls
HGTV
Property Brothers (PG) Property Brothers (PG) Property Brothers (N) (PG) House Hunters Hunters Int’l Property Brothers (PG) American Pickers “From A to T.” American Pickers “Scrappy Go American Pickers “Top Cars.” The SIX “End Game.” (Season Finale) SIX “End Game.” Team comes faceFrank makes a clever bid. (PG) Lucky.” (PG) guys’ hottest automotive finds. (N) (N) (14) to-face with Michael. (14) (11:01) Forensic Files Forensic Files Primetime Justice Forensic Files Forensic Files Forensic Files Forensic Files Forensic Files Forensic Files See No Evil “Good Samaritan.” A Murder Chose Me “The Boogie See No Evil “Murder at Sunrise.” A Murder Chose Me “The Woman in Murder Chose Me “The Boogie 19-year-old college student vanishes. Man.” (14) widower murdered in Fargo, N.D. (N) the Leopard Print Dress.” (N) (14) Man.” (14) Blow (2000). Johnny Depp, Penélope Cruz. Rags-to-riches chronicle of a Blow (2000). Johnny Depp, Penélope Cruz. Rags-to-riches chronicle of a drug dealer. Jaunty American vice drug dealer. Jaunty American vice epic, but Depp goes deeper. (R) (6) epic, but Depp goes deeper. (R) Little Women: Atlanta “Insignificant Little Women: Atlanta Monie visits Little Women: Atlanta “Bad RoBringing Up Ballers “Suburban Little Women: Atlanta “Bad RoOther.” (14) her son in Houston. (N) (14) mance.” (N) (14) Invaders.” (N) (14) (10:02) mance.” (14) (11:02) Undercover Wife (2015, TVF). Wom- The Perfect Girlfriend (2015, TVF). Adrienne Frantz, Jon Cor. Woman Turbulence (2016, TVF). Dina Meyer, Victoria Pratt. F.B.I. agent’s family an investigates husband’s murder. (6) goes online to impersonate employee’s mate. is kidnapped while she’s airborne.
FX FXM
HIST HLN ID IFC LIFE LMN
7:00
7:30
Wife Swap “Kuncaitis; Zdazinsky.”
8:00
8:30
MLB
Married. With Married. With Married. With Married. With Children (PG) Children (PG) Children (PG) Children (PG) M.L.B. Preseason Baseball United States vs. Minnesota Twins.
MSG
Jeff Hornacek
MSGPL
Fight Sports From Mar. 27, 2010.
LOGO
Bridge Show
College Basketball Big East Tournament, DePaul vs. Xavier.
Celebrity Wife Swap (PG)
Celebrity Wife Swap (PG)
Postgame Show Speak for Your
Wife Swap “Cochran/Curry.” (11:01) Wife Swap (14)
9:00 Married. With Children (PG)
9:30 Married. With Children (PG)
10:00
10:30
11:00
11:30
Divided (PG)
Knicks Postgame
MSG Hockey
U.F.C. Reloaded From the Centre, Montreal, Canada.
Golden Girls
12:00
Unleash Fight Sports
The Last Word
MTV
Friends “The Last One.” (14)
Catfish: The TV Show (N) (PG)
Are You the One? (N) (14) (9:01)
Are You One
NBCS
N.H.L. Live
N.H.L. Detroit Red Wings vs. Boston Bruins.
NGEO
Lockdown “Chaos in California.”
Lockdown “First Timers.” (14)
Inside Maximum Security (N) (14) Lockdown “Scam City.” (14)
Origins of Humankind
Alcatraz
NICK
The Thundermans (G)
Thundermans
Full House (G)
Friends (14)
NICKJR
Dino Dan: Trek
NY1
Road to City Hall
OVA
. Maverick (1994). “Lethal Weapon” meets “Butch Cassidy and the Sundance Kid.” Fast, funny and lively. (PG) Guns of the Magnificent Seven (1969). George Kennedy. What magnificence? (G)
OWN
Greenleaf “March To The Sea.” (14) Greenleaf (14)
Greenleaf “Veni, Vidi, Vici.” (14)
Greenleaf (14)
Greenleaf (14)
Greenleaf (14)
OXY
CSI: Crime Scene Investigation
CSI: Crime Scene Investigation
CSI: Crime Scene Investigation
CSI: Crime Scene Investigation
CSI: Cri. Scene
Mutt & Stuff (Y) Bubble Guppies Bubble Guppies Peppa Pig (Y)
CSI: Crime Scene Investigation
The 11th Hour
Hardball Chris
Rachel Maddow
Catfish: The TV Show (PG) (10:33) Catfish: The TV Show (PG) (11:33) N.H.L. Overtime (10:45)
Sports
Sports
Full House (G)
Full House (G)
Full House (G)
Friends (14)
Friends (14)
Peppa Pig (Y)
Paw Patrol (Y)
Paw Patrol (Y)
Blaze, Monster
Team Umizoomi Team Umizoomi
News
Sports on 1 The Last Word. (11:35)
The Call
Road to City Hall
SCIENCE Outrageous Acts of Science (PG) Outrageous Acts of Science (PG) Outrageous Acts of Science (N)
Hacking the Wild (N) (PG) (10:04) Outrageous Acts of Science (PG) Acts of Science
SMITH
Aerial America “The Great Plains.” Victorian Rebel: Marianne North
Aerial America “Wilderness.” (G)
SNY
College Basketball Atlantic 10 Tournament
SPIKE
Thor (2011). (PG-13) (5:30)
STZENF
TRAV
The Rookie (2002). (G) (5:36) Tuck Everlasting (2002). Alexis Bledel. (PG) (7:46) Because of Winn-Dixie (2005). Jeff Daniels. (PG) (9:18) Aquamarine (2006). Sara Paxton. (PG) (11:06) The Karate Kid The Karate Kid Part III (1989). Ralph Macchio, Pat Morita. Villain here is rich toxic-waste The Sandlot (1993). Tom Guiry, Mike Vitar. Nine friends and a baseball summer in the Part II (1986). (5) dumper with ponytail. Help yourself. (PG) 1960’s. Awestruck approach to modest coming-of-age comedy. (PG) Zombieland (2009). Woody Harrelson, Jesse Eisenberg. Survivors of an The Magicians “Plan B.” Julia and The Expanse “The Seventh Man.” Lake Placid 3 (2010, TVF). Ryan Carnes. Baby crocoapocalypse join forces against zombies. (R) Kady prepare for a heist. (N) (14) (N) (14) diles become monstrous man-eaters. (R) Seinfeld “The Seinfeld “The The Big Bang The Big Bang The Big Bang The Big Bang The Big Bang Full Frontal With Conan Actor Sir Patrick Stewart. 2 Broke Girls Alternate Side.” Red Dot.” (PG) Theory (PG) Theory (14) Theory (14) Theory (14) Theory (PG) Samantha Bee (N) (14) (14) . Rebel Without a Cause (1955). . Cleopatra (1963). Elizabeth Taylor, Richard Burton. The original energy crisis. Big, not nearly as bad as everyone had hoped, and Rex supplies . The Taming of James Dean, Natalie Wood. (PG-13) (6) the current. (G) the Shrew (1967). My 600-Lb. Life (Part 2 of 2) (PG) My 600-Lb. Life “Tanisha’s Story.” Tanisha wants to survive for her kids. (N) (PG) My 600-Lb. Life “Tanisha’s Story.” (PG) Bones “The Maggots in the Meat- Major Crimes “Cleared History.” A Major Crimes “Quid Pro Quo.” Major Crimes “Quid Pro Quo.” A Hawaii Five-0 “Ua Nalohia.” The Hawaii Five-0 head.” (14) man is killed in his living room. (14) (N) (14) murder case goes sideways at trial. team watches Mary’s baby. (14) “Akanahe.” (14) Expedition Unknown (PG) Expedition Unknown (PG) Expedition Unknown (N) (PG) Expedition Unknown (PG) Expedition Unknown (PG) Expedition Un.
TRU
Imp. Jokers
SYFY TBS TCM TLC TNT
TVLAND Andy Griffith
Imp. Jokers
WGN-A
Andy Griffith NCIS “Good Cop, Bad Cop.” A Marine’s body surfaces. (14) Black Ink Crew (14) CSI: Miami “Miami, We Have a Problem.” (14) Underground “Graves.” (MA)
YES
Nets Pregame
USA VH1 WE
College Basketball Atlantic 10 Tournament, Duquesne vs. St. Louis.
TIME: The Kalief Browder Story
Carbonaro Eff.
The Girl Who Talked to Dolphins
Carbonaro Eff.
TIME: The Kalief Browder Story
Carbonaro Eff.
Carbonaro Eff.
The Andy Griffith Show (G) (8:12) Love-Raymond Love-Raymond John Wick (2014). Keanu Reeves, Michael Nyqvist. An ex-assassin hunts down the gangsters who ruined his life. (R) Black Ink Crew (N) (14) Black Ink Crew (N) (14) CSI: Miami “L.A.” Evidence-tamper- CSI: Miami “Getting Axed.” An uning accusations. (14) popular receptionist is murdered. (14) Underground “Black and Blue.” Underground “The White Whale.”
N.B.A. Brooklyn Nets vs. Atlanta Hawks.
SportsNite
TIME: The Kalief Browder Story
Carbonaro Eff.
Over the Line
Victorian Rebel: Marianne North
The Girl Who
SportsNite
SportsNite
SportsNite
The Mummy (1999). Brendan Fraser. (PG-13)
Carbonaro Eff.
Carbonaro Eff.
DAVID JAMES/MIRAMAX FILMS
Renée Zellweger
on Netflix. This take on Kander and Ebb’s seemingly immortal Broadway musical (the current revival has been onstage since 1995) won six Oscars, including best picture. Renée Zellweger and Catherine Zeta-Jones star as the sensational killers Roxie Hart and Velma Kelly, whose songs are performed with a Brechtian style of vaudeville rare onscreen. “It’s rare to find a picture as exuberant, as shallow — and as exuberant about its shallowness — as the director Rob Marshall’s film adaptation of the Broadway musical ‘Chicago,’” Elvis Mitchell wrote in The Times, adding: “The fabulous bones of this oft-told tale have been picked over so often that there’s no flesh left on them. But Mr. Marshall and the screenwriter Bill Condon get a terrifically sweet concoction out of this fabled skeleton.”
CHICAGO (2002)
JOSHUA BARONE
ONLINE: TELEVISION LISTINGS
Television highlights for a full week, recent reviews by The Times’s critics and complete local television listings. nytimes.com/tv
Carbonaro Eff.
Love-Raymond Love-Raymond King of Queens King of Queens Kickboxer: Vengeance (2016). Dave Bautista, Jean-Claude Van Damme. Man seeks revenge for brother. America’s Next Top Model (N) (14) Black Ink Crew (14) CSI: Miami “Dishonor.” Horatio’s CSI: Miami “Show Stopper.” A popuson seeks his help. (14) lar musician bursts into flames. (14) Underground (Season Premiere) (N) Underground “Contraband.” (11:01)
King of Queens Taken “Pilot.” (14) Black Ink Crew CSI: Miami “Die by the Sword.” Underground
Nets Postgame Yanks Mag.
Yankeeography
Best of The Michael Kay Show
What’s Streaming
A Nightmare on Elm Street (1984). Little Women: Atlanta (12:02) The Perfect Girlfriend (2015, TVF).
The Rachel Maddow Show (N)
New York Tonight
CLEOPATRA (1963) 8 p.m. on TCM. Elizabeth Taylor is the queen of Egypt — starring alongside Richard Burton and Rex Harrison — in this sprawling historical epic famous for its catastrophic production history. There were changes in the cast, script and directorial team, not to mention in the remote locations and expensive sets. Despite being the highest-grossing film of its year, it ended up losing money. “There may be those who will find the length too tiring, the emphasis on Roman politics a bit too involved and tedious, the luxuriance too much,” Bosley Crowther wrote in The New York Times. “But unless you are one of those skeptics who are stubbornly predisposed to give ‘Cleopatra’ the needle, I don’t see how you can fail to find this a generally brilliant, moving and satisfying film.”
Property Bro American Pickers (PG) (12:02) Forensic Files See No Evil (14)
Married. With Married. With Married. With All in the Family All in the Family Children (PG) Children (PG) Children (PG) (Part 1 of 2) (PG) (Part 2 of 2) (PG) 2017 World Baseball Classic Netherlands vs. Israel.
Knicks Pregame N.B.A. New York Knicks vs. Milwaukee Bucks.
Game Shakers
20TH CENTURY FOX
Richard Burton and Elizabeth Taylor.
Golf Central Family Feud
MSNBC Hardball With Chris Matthews (N) All In With Chris Hayes (N)
SUN
SURVIVOR: GAME CHANGERS 8 p.m. on CBS. Believe it or not, this reality TV competition — one of the first — is back for its 34th season, which will open with the 500th episode. The game, like the tagline, is the same: Outwit, outplay, outlast. But for this edition, the show is welcoming back the “game changers” of past years for another go at winning the $1 million prize. At 10, the “Criminal Minds” spinoff “Criminal Minds: Beyond Borders,” about a team of FBI agents who work on cases that involve Americans abroad, returns for its second season. IT’S ALWAYS SUNNY IN PHILADELPHIA 10 p.m. on FXX. Season 12 concludes with Dennis’s revealing that he fathered a baby during a layover in North Dakota, and the gang tries to think of how to get him out of daddy duty. Don’t expect any of those ideas to come off as remotely socially acceptable. DESIGNATED SURVIVOR 10 p.m. on ABC. This prime-time drama, which explores what would happen if a lower-level cabinet member (Kiefer Sutherland) suddenly became commander in chief after a huge attack killed the president and all those in the normal line of succession, is back for the second half of its maiden season.
Public Affairs
Black America Ind Sources Eldridge & Co. Tony Guida Stuck in the Good Luck Liv and MadLiv and Maddie Middle (G) Charlie (G) die (G) “Prom-a-Rooney.” Stone House Stone House Stone House Stone House Alaskan Bush People: Off the Alaskan Bush People “Forever Grid “Harsh Wilderness.” (N) (PG) Browntown.” (N) (PG) So Cosmo Tiffany faces controversy. So Cosmo (N) (14)
DIY
Bloom. Tech. The Real Housewives of Atlanta Bask
Family Guy (14) Family Guy (14) Robot Chicken Shark Tank Riding a bike that Shark Tank (PG) doesn’t have pedals. (PG) CNN Tonight With Don Lemon (N) The Messy Truth
News (6:30) Potus 2017 K.C. Undercover Good Luck “Sup, Dawg?” Charlie (G) Rehab Addict Wood Work (N) Alaskan Bush People “Wind and a Prayer.” (PG) E! News (N) (PG)
DIS
Sherlock (12:15) The Daily Show
Bob’s Burgers Bob’s Burgers The Deed “It’s Your House, but It’s My Money.” (N) (PG) CNN Tonight With Don Lemon (N)
CSPAN2 U.S. Senate Coverage (N) (Live) (3) Public Affairs Events CUNY
TIMOTHY KURATEK/CBS ENTERTAINMENT
A scene from “Survivor: Game Changers.”
All About Steve (2009). Woman follows news cameraman around country. Grimly unfunny. All About Steve (2009). Sandra Bullock, Thomas Haden Church. (PG-13)
American Dad American Dad Shark Tank Plate with food-recognition technology. (PG) The Messy Truth With Van Jones A discussion with Trevor Noah. (N) Futurama (Part 3 Futurama (Part 4 South Park (14) South Park (14) South Park (MA) South Park “Ginof 4) (14) (6:48) of 4) (14) (7:21) (7:54) (8:27) ger Kids.” (14) Cupcake Wars (G) Cupcake Wars (G) Cupcake Wars “Rose Parade.” (G)
CNBC
12:00
Jep & Jessica: Duck Dynasty Duck Dynasty Duck Dynasty Duck Dynasty Growing (PG) (10:34) (PG) (11:04) (PG) (11:34) (PG) (12:03) Capturing Bin Laden (MA) 9/11Tapes: Chaos in Sky 9/11: As We Inception (2010). Leonardo DiCaprio, Joseph Gordon-Levitt. Thieves enter people’s dreams. Lots to see, little to think about. (PG-13) Pit Bulls and Parolees (PG) Pit Bulls and Parolees (PG) Animal Nation
BBCA
CMT
What’s on TV
Roy Orbison: Black & White
War (2007). Jet Li, Jason Statham. F.B.I. agent seeks partner’s killer. A Summer of Sam iel Day-Lewis. (R) (5) captive outlaw to train. Serviceable remake. (R) waste of two martial-arts icons. (R) (10:05) (1999). (R) Unbreakable VICE News To- Point Break (2015). “’Edgar RamIrez, Luke Bracey. F.B.I. agent infiltrates UConn: March Big Little Lies “Living the Dream.” The Music of Strangers: Yo-Yo Ma (2000). (5:40) night (N) gang of daredevils. More stunts than sense. (PG-13) to Madness (Part 3 of 7) (MA) & the Silk Road Ensemble 42 (2013). Chadwick Boseman, Har- Last Week To- Crashing “Yard UConn: The March to Madness Little Nicky (2000). Devil’s not-too-bright youngest The Wedding Singer (1998). Adam rison Ford. (PG-13) (5:50) night-John Sale.” (MA) The team reboots for 2016-17. son in New York. Loud, smirky and infantile. (PG-13) Sandler, Drew Barrymore. (PG-13) Ghost (1990). Demi Moore, Whoopi Legend (2015). Tom Hardy, Emily Browning. The Krays, twin gangsters, sashay through Gone in 60 Seconds (2000). Nicolas Cage, Angelina Jolie. Retired thief Goldberg. (PG-13) (6) 1960s London. Hardy is double fun. (R) must steal 50 cars to save brother. Highly buffed but underpowered. (PG-13) Billions “Optimal Play.” Axe consid- What Women Want (2000). Mel Gibson. Accidental electric shock turns Showgirls (1995). Elizabeth Berkley, Kyle MacLachlan. Ambitious young dancers. Big Veers buying an N.F.L. team. (MA) male chauvinist into Mr. Sensitive. “Tootsie” for the slow-witted. (PG-13) gas bore, minus drama, eroticism and competent acting. (R) (10:10) . Meru (2015). Documentary. (R) Congo (1995). Dylan Walsh, Laura Linney. Crichton’s high-tech gorillas The Salvation (2014). Mads Mikkelsen. Peaceful settler Nick Cannon: Stand Up, Don’t (6:30) vs. dumb scientists. Glib and overheated, with little suspense. (PG-13) hunts outlaw gang. Luridly beautiful, lavishly violent. (R) Shoot The comic performs. (11:35) Get a Job (2016). Miles Teller, Anna The Missing “Statice.” Julien inves- Along Came a Spider (2001). Morgan Freeman, Monica Potter. Sena- Double Jeopardy (1999). Tommy Lee Jones, Ashley Kendrick. (R) (6:34) tigates two key suspects. (14) tor’s daughter abducted. Hollow, overplotted thriller. (R) (9:01) Judd. (R) (10:47) The Hot Chick (2002). Rob Schneider. Teenage girl wakes up in body of Double Impact (1991). Jean-Claude Van Damme. Twin martial art exDeath Wish (1974). Liberal New Yorker turns vigilante 30-year-old man. Crude variation on ”Prelude to a Kiss.” (PG-13) (7:13) perts. Twice as many grunts. (R) after wife’s murder. Slaughterfest. (R) (10:52) Beyond the Sea (2004). Kevin Spacey, Kate BosWristcutters: A Love Story (2006). Patrick Fugit. Sui- Christmas Eve (2015). Patrick Stewart, Jon Heder. Out- Dressed to Kill (1980). Michael worth. (PG-13) (6:30) cide victims end up in a special purgatory. (R) age traps six groups of New Yorkers in elevators. (PG) Caine, Angie Dickinson. (R) (11:35)
7:30
The unstoppable reality TV competition “Survivor” returns for its 34th season, in which notable former contestants come back. And Netflix’s recent additions include the Oscar-winning movie musical “Chicago.”
Titulares y Más La Doña (14) Nip&Tuck
. Gangs of New York (2002). Dan- 3:10 to Yuma (2007). Russell Crowe, Christian Bale. Rancher escorts
7:00
What’s on Wednesday
Faces-Philanth
PREMIUM CABLE FLIX
C7
N
Definitions of symbols used in the program listings: ★ Recommended film ✩ Recommended series ● New or noteworthy program (N) New show or episode (CC) Closed-caption (HD) High definition
Ratings: (Y) All children (Y7) Directed to older children (G) General audience (PG) Parental guidance suggested (14) Parents strongly cautioned (MA) Mature audience only
C8
THE NEW YORK TIMES, WEDNESDAY, MARCH 8, 2017
N
Weather Report Metropolitan Forecast
0s
Va ancouver a Regina
Winnipeg eg
Seattle
10s
50s He Helena
L
Bismarck
Eugen ene n Billi Billings
40s
30s
20s
Fargo
50s
St. S St t Paul
Cleveland
Chicago o
Kansas Springfield i City St. Louis
Topeka
Phoe hoenix hoe ixx
Co Columb ol bia Birmin mingham m ming
Lubbock Ft. Worth
FRIDAY ...............................................Cooler A storm system moving quickly east will bring a mostly cloudy and much cooler day, with a rain or snow shower in spots.
Jackson n J Jacksonville
70s 80s
Honolulu nolu olu
60s 60 0s Hilo
60s
90s s
70s s
Mob Mobile Mo
Baton o Rouge
O Orlando
New Ne ew ew O Orleans
Hou ouston
San Ant ntonio nt
Tampa a
80s 60s <0
80s
SATURDAY SUNDAY ...................................Much colder
80s s
Corpus Christi C risti rist Monterrey
Miami Nassau
80s Weather patterns shown as expected at noon today, Eastern time.
TODAY’S HIGHS
Fairbanks ks Anchorage ge
20s
0s 10s
<0
0s
10s
20s
H
Juneau eau
COLD
WARM
STATIONARY COMPLEX COLD FRONTS
30s
F S S M T W T F S S 60°
50° Normal highs
40°
Atlanta
H
Dallas
El Paso
Raleigh le eigh eig
Charlotte te
Me Memphis
Little Rock
70s
80s Tucsonn 70s
70s
High 56. Expect a good deal of sunshine as high pressure departs to the east. Temperatures will continue to be above average. It will be breezy. A cold front will move through the area at night.
No Norfolk No
Louisville Nashville
Albuquerque q
TOMORROW ...............Mostly sunny, breezy
Richm chmond nd
Wichita Oklahoma City Sa Diego San Sa o
Phi Philadelphia lp p
Charleston arles arlest e
Santa Fe Sa
Los Angeles
New York N or
Wash Washington ash on
Indianapolis i olis Denverr
Low 43. An area of high pressure will build east, bringing a partly cloudy sky. It will remain breezy. Temperatures will be above normal.
Har Hartford a or
60 60s
Pittsburgh
40s
50s
60s
70s
80s
90s
It will be breezy and colder on Saturday, despite sunshine. The high will be 31. Sunday will be mainly cloudy and cold, with a high of 33.
Normal lows
30°
20°
100+
Actual High
L
HIGH LOW PRESSURE
MOSTLY CLOUDY
SHOWERS T-STORMS
RAIN
FLURRIES
SNOW
Low
PRECIPITATION
National Forecast
Metropolitan Almanac
A weak storm system will track from the Mississippi Valley to the Middle Atlantic states Thursday into early Friday. North of the track in the cold air, there will be a narrow band of snow. The best chance for a small accumulation will be across interior Pennsylvania and New Jersey. Farther south, rain will mix with and probably change to snow before ending.
Warm air will be pushed to the immediate East Coast and then out to sea today. A passing front will bring showers and thunderstorms as a colder air mass approaches. A few of the storms may be heavy and gusty, especially in parts of the Southeast. Strong winds will affect areas from the northern Plains to the Great Lakes. Gusts may exceed 50 miles per hour in spots, potentially resulting in downed tree limbs, power failures and airline delays. Rain and snow showers will develop over parts of the Upper Midwest. Dry conditions are in store from much of the Tennessee Valley to California. The wind will ease over the southern Plains. A storm will bring rain and mountain snow to the Northwest.
In Central Park for the 16 hours ended at 4 p.m. yesterday.
INTERMITTENT SNOW
L
Weak
Temperature
High/low temperatures for the 16 hours ended at 4 p.m. yesterday, Eastern time, and precipitation (in inches) for the 16 hours ended at 4 p.m. yesterday. Expected conditions for today and tomorrow.
C ....................... Clouds F ............................ Fog H .......................... Haze I............................... Ice PC........... Partly cloudy R ........................... Rain Sh ................... Showers
S ............................. Sun Sn ....................... Snow SS ......... Snow showers T .......... Thunderstorms Tr ........................ Trace W ....................... Windy –.............. Not available
N.Y.C. region New York City Bridgeport Caldwell Danbury Islip Newark Trenton White Plains
Yesterday 51/ 42 0.10 51/ 34 0.05 58/ 37 0.24 50/ 30 0.14 51/ 36 0.04 60/ 39 0.19 63/ 39 0.10 53/ 35 0.19
Today 61/ 43 PC 55/ 40 W 60/ 42 W 55/ 35 W 57/ 39 W 62/ 42 W 61/ 42 W 57/ 40 PC
Tomorrow 56/ 34 S 54/ 31 S 58/ 31 S 52/ 25 S 55/ 30 S 59/ 34 S 60/ 33 S 54/ 30 S
United States Albany Albuquerque Anchorage Atlanta Atlantic City Austin Baltimore Baton Rouge Birmingham Boise Boston Buffalo Burlington Casper Charlotte Chattanooga Chicago Cincinnati Cleveland Colorado Springs Columbus Concord, N.H. Dallas-Ft. Worth Denver Des Moines Detroit El Paso Fargo Hartford Honolulu Houston Indianapolis Jackson Jacksonville Kansas City Key West Las Vegas Lexington
Yesterday 49/ 40 0.17 58/ 34 0 16/ 4 0 70/ 49 0 56/ 51 0 72/ 52 0.15 68/ 49 0.06 80/ 55 0.35 70/ 44 0.10 44/ 39 0.05 45/ 43 0.11 58/ 36 0.59 46/ 39 0.09 37/ 28 0 73/ 56 0 65/ 41 0.22 54/ 37 1.20 57/ 39 0.58 61/ 39 0.55 54/ 32 0 60/ 38 0.66 41/ 36 0.02 70/ 45 0.01 53/ 32 0 57/ 36 0 60/ 36 0.12 73/ 43 0 31/ 13 0.03 48/ 44 0.06 80/ 64 0 78/ 55 0.05 55/ 37 0.60 71/ 46 0.86 78/ 59 0 59/ 33 0 81/ 72 0.06 66/ 49 0 59/ 38 0.78
Today 55/ 31 W 68/ 40 PC 19/ 3 S 70/ 43 PC 59/ 45 PC 71/ 59 C 64/ 41 W 72/ 60 PC 69/ 41 S 55/ 43 PC 55/ 37 R 47/ 29 W 50/ 32 Sn 49/ 35 PC 71/ 37 PC 68/ 38 S 52/ 30 W 60/ 41 S 56/ 34 W 66/ 34 S 57/ 39 W 54/ 30 W 74/ 57 PC 65/ 36 S 58/ 30 S 52/ 31 W 80/ 53 PC 25/ 9 W 58/ 34 W 79/ 68 PC 72/ 61 PC 58/ 38 W 73/ 48 PC 81/ 55 PC 69/ 40 S 80/ 71 S 77/ 55 S 62/ 42 S
Tomorrow 42/ 23 W 72/ 42 S 23/ 1 PC 74/ 53 S 59/ 38 S 79/ 65 T 65/ 36 S 77/ 63 PC 74/ 54 S 59/ 47 C 50/ 29 W 40/ 25 C 35/ 22 Sn 51/ 35 W 75/ 45 S 72/ 46 S 43/ 24 PC 62/ 33 PC 43/ 30 PC 69/ 36 PC 54/ 31 PC 42/ 19 S 79/ 62 PC 69/ 39 PC 50/ 25 C 44/ 23 PC 84/ 52 PC 20/ -3 PC 51/ 26 S 79/ 67 Sh 78/ 65 T 56/ 30 PC 77/ 57 C 80/ 54 S 66/ 31 PC 81/ 72 S 81/ 58 S 68/ 38 S
Little Rock Los Angeles Louisville Memphis Miami Milwaukee Mpls.-St. Paul Nashville New Orleans Norfolk Oklahoma City Omaha Orlando Philadelphia Phoenix Pittsburgh Portland, Me. Portland, Ore. Providence Raleigh Reno Richmond Rochester Sacramento Salt Lake City San Antonio San Diego San Francisco San Jose San Juan Seattle Sioux Falls Spokane St. Louis St. Thomas Syracuse Tampa Toledo Tucson Tulsa Virginia Beach Washington Wichita Wilmington, Del.
66/ 77/ 58/ 63/ 78/ 53/ 49/ 64/ 79/ 72/ 66/ 58/ 80/ 63/ 76/ 60/ 41/ 47/ 49/ 75/ 52/ 71/ 58/ 59/ 47/ 72/ 73/ 60/ 63/ 77/ 43/ 48/ 36/ 60/ 75/ 52/ 82/ 59/ 80/ 66/ 68/ 67/ 65/ 64/
39 55 43 41 69 35 24 38 61 57 37 31 60 52 52 39 37 41 44 57 34 55 35 42 38 55 54 48 44 71 37 26 30 39 72 37 64 36 49 36 57 52 34 49
0.54 0 1.15 0.77 0.04 0.75 0 1.00 0.09 0.01 0 0 0 0.11 0 0.35 0.15 0.27 0.11 0 0 0.01 0.26 0 0 0.08 0 0 0 0.80 0.21 0 0.05 0.30 0.58 0.67 0 0.17 0 0.30 0 0.08 0 0.09
72/ 85/ 64/ 73/ 81/ 50/ 35/ 70/ 70/ 68/ 73/ 61/ 84/ 63/ 85/ 56/ 51/ 49/ 57/ 70/ 61/ 67/ 51/ 69/ 57/ 69/ 78/ 64/ 70/ 80/ 45/ 44/ 39/ 70/ 82/ 52/ 81/ 53/ 88/ 73/ 65/ 65/ 72/ 63/
43 59 44 46 68 27 20 41 60 48 48 31 62 43 56 36 34 42 37 41 37 44 30 46 39 62 57 52 49 72 39 22 29 46 72 29 64 31 53 46 46 45 43 40
S S S S PC W W S PC PC S S PC W PC W R R R PC PC PC W PC PC C S S S PC R PC C S Sh W PC W PC S PC W S W
73/ 85/ 70/ 74/ 82/ 42/ 35/ 74/ 76/ 73/ 80/ 54/ 84/ 61/ 87/ 52/ 42/ 53/ 54/ 75/ 65/ 72/ 40/ 73/ 61/ 78/ 77/ 65/ 72/ 83/ 45/ 38/ 39/ 68/ 83/ 37/ 83/ 45/ 87/ 78/ 68/ 68/ 75/ 62/
56 59 41 56 66 20 9 50 63 49 48 24 61 35 58 29 20 48 28 48 41 42 24 48 42 65 57 51 49 73 43 13 37 35 72 24 62 24 57 48 50 39 37 34
PC S PC PC S C C S PC S PC PC PC S S PC W R W S PC S C PC PC T S PC PC PC R C R T W SS PC PC S PC S S PC S
Africa Algiers Cairo Cape Town Dakar Johannesburg Nairobi Tunis
Yesterday 69/ 52 0 71/ 56 0 77/ 60 0 76/ 66 0 80/ 55 0 88/ 58 0.06 63/ 54 0.11
Today 69/ 47 S 81/ 65 S 78/ 63 S 78/ 67 PC 81/ 53 S 88/ 56 PC 64/ 51 W
Tomorrow 73/ 49 S 84/ 60 S 84/ 59 S 78/ 67 S 79/ 51 S 88/ 59 PC 65/ 54 PC
Asia/Pacific Baghdad Bangkok Beijing Damascus Hong Kong Jakarta Jerusalem Karachi Manila Mumbai
Yesterday 74/ 48 0 93/ 79 0 48/ 19 0 68/ 39 0 69/ 62 0.03 86/ 75 0.45 64/ 46 0.01 86/ 68 0 90/ 73 0 88/ 66 0
Today 77/ 49 S 94/ 79 PC 55/ 30 S 69/ 40 PC 66/ 62 C 88/ 77 C 62/ 47 S 85/ 65 S 89/ 74 PC 91/ 76 PC
Tomorrow 80/ 50 S 93/ 79 S 60/ 31 S 75/ 46 S 70/ 66 C 87/ 75 T 70/ 49 S 89/ 65 S 87/ 74 C 89/ 76 PC
54 54 23 37 76 64 54 37 39
0 0 0 0 0 0.61 0.42 0.01 0.04
83/ 88/ 41/ 58/ 89/ 73/ 63/ 57/ 52/
59 56 27 38 76 66 57 39 38
PC S PC S PC C R PC PC
Record lows
MON.
60°
New Delhi Riyadh Seoul Shanghai Singapore Sydney Taipei Tehran Tokyo
85/ 80/ 36/ 60/ 88/ 70/ 61/ 50/ 50/
83/ 81/ 49/ 65/ 89/ 73/ 68/ 58/ 55/
58 54 27 48 76 64 63 39 41
T S S PC C PC R S S
Europe Amsterdam Athens Berlin Brussels Budapest Copenhagen Dublin Edinburgh Frankfurt Geneva Helsinki Istanbul Kiev Lisbon London Madrid Moscow Nice Oslo Paris Prague Rome St. Petersburg Stockholm Vienna Warsaw
Yesterday 47/ 38 0.09 63/ 50 0.14 40/ 34 0.07 49/ 39 0.10 56/ 34 0.18 34/ 30 0.02 49/ 33 0.23 50/ 34 0.09 46/ 40 0.35 45/ 34 0.29 29/ 19 0.29 64/ 49 0 54/ 38 0.04 69/ 53 0 50/ 37 0 68/ 42 0 37/ 28 0.03 69/ 47 0 28/ 16 0 51/ 41 0.06 43/ 35 0.18 57/ 45 0.02 31/ 20 0.01 29/ 21 0.26 50/ 36 0 46/ 36 0.03
Today 51/ 40 R 59/ 50 T 50/ 40 C 52/ 47 R 55/ 35 PC 42/ 38 R 53/ 45 PC 51/ 40 PC 48/ 46 R 46/ 39 R 34/ 30 Sn 61/ 46 Sh 55/ 35 PC 71/ 54 S 58/ 49 R 70/ 44 PC 40/ 36 S 62/ 49 PC 29/ 23 C 56/ 51 Sh 47/ 41 C 60/ 42 W 42/ 28 Sn 33/ 25 Sn 51/ 36 C 44/ 32 C
Tomorrow 53/ 39 C 59/ 51 T 53/ 38 C 55/ 44 Sh 52/ 39 R 46/ 37 C 52/ 47 C 51/ 37 PC 58/ 41 Sh 56/ 38 R 35/ 30 Sn 56/ 44 C 51/ 35 PC 75/ 54 S 59/ 46 C 75/ 45 S 42/ 34 S 63/ 49 PC 34/ 19 C 58/ 47 Sh 53/ 37 C 65/ 44 S 39/ 34 C 37/ 27 Sn 57/ 44 PC 46/ 36 R
North America Acapulco Bermuda Edmonton Guadalajara Havana Kingston Martinique Mexico City Monterrey Montreal Nassau Panama City Quebec City Santo Domingo Toronto Vancouver Winnipeg
Yesterday 91/ 71 0 62/ 55 0 5/ -11 0 86/ 50 0 82/ 63 0 88/ 74 0.02 84/ 73 0.04 76/ 52 0.07 85/ 60 0 39/ 32 0.32 83/ 69 0.02 96/ 74 0 31/ 20 0.06 82/ 69 0.08 53/ 44 0.43 39/ 32 0.12 26/ 10 0.09
Today 88/ 73 PC 65/ 62 PC 2/ -9 Sn 82/ 54 PC 84/ 66 S 86/ 74 PC 84/ 73 Sh 71/ 51 PC 79/ 66 C 47/ 25 W 85/ 72 PC 91/ 73 PC 42/ 28 R 86/ 67 S 47/ 27 W 43/ 33 R 13/ -4 W
Tomorrow 87/ 74 PC 67/ 60 Sh 2/ -10 C 80/ 53 PC 83/ 64 PC 85/ 73 PC 83/ 72 Sh 72/ 51 PC 78/ 62 C 29/ 16 W 85/ 71 PC 91/ 73 PC 30/ 9 SS 86/ 67 S 36/ 21 PC 43/ 36 R 5/ -15 PC
South America Buenos Aires Caracas Lima Quito Recife Rio de Janeiro Santiago
Yesterday 79/ 57 0 84/ 75 0.15 85/ 73 0 65/ 49 0.28 86/ 78 0.08 90/ 77 0.24 86/ 57 0
Today 84/ 67 PC 85/ 74 PC 84/ 73 PC 65/ 48 R 88/ 80 PC 84/ 74 T 84/ 52 PC
Tomorrow 80/ 56 R 85/ 76 PC 84/ 74 PC 66/ 48 Sh 87/ 79 PC 86/ 74 PC 82/ 52 S
Low
Precipitation (in inches) Record high 74° (1946)
70° YESTERDAY
51° 4 p.m.
50°
Normal high 47°
40° 42° 2 a.m.
Normal low 33°
30°
Yesterday ............... 0.10 Record .................... 1.87
Snow ......................... 0.0 Since Oct. 1 ............ 20.5
For the last 30 days Actual ..................... 2.70 Normal .................... 3.44 For the last 365 days Actual ................... 40.63 Normal .................. 49.94 LAST 30 DAYS
Air pressure
Humidity
High ........... 30.43 1 a.m. Low ............ 30.18 4 p.m.
High ........... 92% 10 a.m. Low .............. 54% 1 a.m.
Heating Degree Days An index of fuel consumption that tracks how far the day’s mean temperature fell below 65
20° Record low 7° (1890)
10°
Cities
Forecast range High
ICE
Highlight: Snow Potential Thursday and Friday
RAIN TO SNOW
Record highs
TODAY
TONIGHT ...................Patchy clouds, breezy
Bos oston os s
Detroit etroit
Omaha
Colo do Colorado S ng Spring gs
M Ma Manchester he
Albany Buf uf uffalo
Milwaukkee Des Moines
H
Lass Vegas Ve
70s s
Toronto o
Sioux S o Falls
Cheyyenne e Salt a Lake City
Burrlington n on
5 s 50s
Casper Ca
San F San Francisco ncisc co Fresn F r sn sno
Ottawa
P Pierre
Ren eno en
P an Por Portland
30s
Bo Boise
30s
High 61. In the wake of a front, clouds will give way to plenty of sunshine. It will be mild for this time of year, with a gusty west wind.
H Halifax
Montreal
Minne Minn Minneapolis n s
60s
TODAY .............................Sunny and breezy
Quebec c
40s
Spokane e Portland and nd
Meteorology by AccuWeather
4 p.m.
12 a.m.
6 a.m.
Avg. daily departure from normal this month ............. +0.3°
12 4 p.m. p.m.
Avg. daily departure from normal this year ................ +5.3°
Reservoir levels (New York City water supply)
Yesterday ................................................................... 18 So far this month ...................................................... 178 So far this season (since July 1) ............................ 3160 Normal to date for the season ............................... 3701
Trends
Last
Temperature Average Below Above
Precipitation Average Below Above
10 days 30 days 90 days 365 days
Chart shows how recent temperature and precipitation trends compare with those of the last 30 years.
Yesterday ............... 90% Est. normal ............. 87%
Recreational Forecast Sun, Moon and Planets Full
Last Quarter
Mountain and Ocean Temperatures New
First Quarter Today’s forecast
Mar. 12 10:53 a.m. Sun
RISE SET NEXT R
Jupiter
S R
Saturn
R S
Mar. 20 6:19 a.m. 5:55 p.m. 6:17 a.m. 7:53 a.m. 8:35 p.m. 1:57 a.m. 11:20 a.m.
Mar. 27 10:58 p.m.
Apr. 3
Moon
S R S
Mars
R S
Venus
R S
3:42 a.m. 2:00 p.m. 4:29 a.m. 7:55 a.m. 9:20 p.m. 6:39 a.m. 8:10 p.m.
White 43/19 A rain or snow shower Green 35/12 A rain or snow shower Adirondacks 43/20 Rain and snow shower Berkshires 49/28 Variable clouds, windy Catskills 46/28 Windy with some sun 40s
Boating From Montauk Point to Sandy Hook, N.J., out to 20 nautical miles, including Long Island Sound and New York Harbor. Small craft advisory is in effect. Wind will be from the west at 12-25 knots, gusts to 30 knots. Waves will be 4-8 feet on the ocean, 2-3 feet on Long Island Sound and on New York Harbor.
Poconos 45/31 Windy with sun and clouds Southwest Pa. 49/37 Windy and cooler West Virginia 51/36 Sunny and breezy
High Tides Atlantic City ................... 3:51 a.m. .............. Barnegat Inlet ................ 3:57 a.m. .............. The Battery .................... 4:35 a.m. .............. Beach Haven ................. 5:18 a.m. .............. Bridgeport ..................... 7:33 a.m. .............. City Island ...................... 8:11 a.m. .............. Fire Island Lt. ................. 4:46 a.m. .............. Montauk Point ................ 5:24 a.m. .............. Northport ....................... 7:50 a.m. .............. Port Washington ............ 8:16 a.m. .............. Sandy Hook ................... 4:00 a.m. .............. Shinnecock Inlet ............ 3:48 a.m. .............. Stamford ........................ 7:36 a.m. .............. Tarrytown ....................... 6:24 a.m. .............. Willets Point ................... 8:07 a.m. ..............
4:26 p.m. 4:32 p.m. 5:13 p.m. 5:56 p.m. 8:09 p.m. 8:45 p.m. 5:24 p.m. 5:46 p.m. 8:30 p.m. 8:55 p.m. 4:38 p.m. 4:19 p.m. 8:12 p.m. 7:02 p.m. 8:43 p.m.
Blue Ridge 58/38 Sunny and breezy
50s 60s Color bands indicate water temperature.
In the wake of a cold front, a windy day will prevail across the mountains. A few rain and snow showers are expected from New York State to New England. Farther south, expect a mix of clouds and sunshine along with a passing shower. Highs will range from the low 40s in the north to the mid-60s in the south.
2 A GOOD APPETITE
BOTTLE BASICS
Find the rhythm in cooking dinner. BY MELISSA CLARK
A new guide by Eric Asimov demystifies shopping for wine, ordering it at restaurants and pairing it with food: nytcooking.com
5 HUNGRY CITY
Egyptian food and more in Queens. BY LIGAYA MISHAN
RESTAURANTS
RECIPES
WINE
SPIRITS
WEDNESDAY, MARCH 8, 2017
D1
N
SAM SIFTON
PHOTOGRAPHS BY MELINA HAMMER FOR THE NEW YORK TIMES
Not the Corned Beef of Yore Banish bad memories of Irish pub fare for meat that is ruddy pink, salty and sweet.
CORNED BEEF AND CABBAGE is the scent of
St. Patrick’s Day. A low, spicy pong of coriander and pepper, garlic and beef that carries a sweet, vegetal steaminess: the smell of low tide, ambrosia or a middle-school cafeteria, depending on your experience. For a large number of Americans, particularly Irish-Americans and particularly at this time of year, as shamrock posters appear on cubicle walls, deli cases and in the windows of liquor stores, it is a smell that signals the arrival of spring and the celebration of a cul-
Curing your own corned beef requires hardly any work and delivers a big, tangy flavor.
ture unique to America and practically unknown in Ireland itself. “It’s such a strong memory,” said the chef Kerry Heffernan, who, among other activities, runs the seasonal Grand Banks restaurant aboard a schooner at Pier 25 in Manhattan. Mr. Heffernan grew up in Fairfield County, Conn., and remembers surreptitious train trips into New York this time of year to drink, underage, in the old Irish bars that used to dot Midtown, near Grand Central Terminal. “You could smell the corned beef from the steam tables inside,” he said. “We’d get smashed, eat a lot, and go home, tell people, ‘We went to the city!’ We went, what — a quarter block?”
CRITIC’S NOTEBOOK
The celebrity chef and restaurateur Bobby Flay recalled similar youthful outings. He grew up in Manhattan and said it was a yearly tradition “to cut school on St. Patrick’s Day, go to the parade, then end up in a Blarney Stone with our fake IDs drinking beer and eating corned beef sandwiches on rye with lots of mustard.” The corned beef was terrible, Mr. Flay said. “That smell!” It still is, too often: cheap cuts, cheaply preserved for a long life cycle. The chef Seamus Mullen got his first kitchen job in the cafeteria of his high school in northern Massachusetts in the early 1990s. He recalled the beef they used to make corned beef there. “It came out of a CONTINUED ON PAGE D5
PETE WELLS
Welcome, Chef. The Room Is Ready. Both sides benefit as big names in the restaurant industry set up shop in New York hotels. A COUPLE OF YEARS AGO, I was eating dinner
RIKKI SNYDER FOR THE NEW YORK TIMES
Bright and Bold Yotam Ottolenghi reaches for citrus to bring a jolt of flavor to his baking. Page 7.
in a new restaurant on the Bowery. On the surface, Bacchanal was a pretty sophisticated operation. The chef, Scott Bryan, had once earned three stars from The New York Times; the bartender was pouring almond-fat-washed rum and other state-of-the-art booze; the sommelier wore a silk pocket square and a tie bar as he offered thoughts on a wine list that casually ambled up into four-figure territory. Then I went to the restroom. A server pointed me toward a narrow, dark staircase whose steps were splotched with white paint. Inside the restroom was a row of stalls. They were unusually small, and the tight squeeze was made worse because part of the space was taken up by a metal rod holding five or six spare rolls of toilet paper. It was a real record scratch/freeze frame moment. And if you’re wondering how I ended up in that situation, it’s simple: I was eating in a hotel. Bacchanal is closed now, but it wasn’t the first or last place I’ve gone over the past few years where I needed to take a short stroll before I could powder my nose. There is a
BENJAMIN NORMAN FOR THE NEW YORK TIMES
Outside Narcissa, which opened in 2014 in the Standard hotel in the East Village.
graceful, elegantly lighted staircase at the NoMad in the hotel of the same name, and a vertiginous, coal-cellar-steep one at Narcissa in the Standard hotel in the East Village. At Augustine and Fowler & Wells, the staircase is reached by traversing the Beekman hotel’s crowded lobby bar and then circumnavigating a long bookshelf.
These walks and others gave me a lot of time for quiet contemplation, and eventually I started to wonder: If I live in New York City, why am I spending so many nights inside hotels? I haven’t counted the hotel restaurants that have opened in the city during my time CONTINUED ON PAGE D6
D2
THE NEW YORK TIMES, WEDNESDAY, MARCH 8, 2017
N
MELISSA CLARK
A GOOD APPETITE
Dinner, That Beautiful Dance Transform a nightly chore into kitchen choreography. ONE OF MY most thrilling moments of culinary discovery was when, at age 16, a friend and I went to dinner at a “fancy” restaurant using our babysitting money. We were paying. We were without any grown-ups. And we could eat anything we wanted. For the first time in my life, I didn’t have to order a proper meal. I didn’t even have to get an entree. What I craved was two appetizers, the crab salad and the rustic pâté. Then my friend and I split three desserts. It felt both rebellious and liberating, and very adult. I think these days a lot of us eat this way at restaurants, putting meals together from a variety of small plates and side dishes and splitting entrees and desserts. We aren’t afraid to mix it up to get what we really want. But at home, dinner still often means a protein and two sides. And this can make cooking night after night a challenge because it ignores our evolution as a food culture. That’s not how most of us eat — or want to eat — on a daily basis. Today’s dinner can take a lot of different forms. But the conundrum for cooks is that we haven’t defined what those forms are. So it has left many of us struggling in a void between what we think a proper meal should be, and what we actually want to cook and eat for dinner. But the fact that our collective tastes have changed is a boon for the cook, an excuse to get creative. We’ve fallen in love with diverse ingredients: preserved lemons, kimchi, miso, quinoa, pork belly, panko. Now that these items are becoming more available, they can become kitchen staples, expanding our horizons once we figure out how we like to use them. And they are a path out of the tyranny of a perfectly composed plate with three distinct elements in separate little piles: the meatloaf, the mashed potatoes, the peas. More pleasing, at least for me, is a giant salad filled with oozing, creamy Burrata cheese, ripe juicy tomatoes and peaches.
PHOTOGRAPHS BY ANDREW SCRIVANI FOR THE NEW YORK TIMES
. ..................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
CORIANDER-SEED CHICKEN WITH CARAMELIZED BRUSSELS SPROUTS ADAPTED FROM "DINNER: CHANGING THE GAME" BY MELISSA CLARK (CLARKSON POTTER, 2017) TIME: 50 MINUTES, PLUS MARINATING YIELD: 3 SERVINGS
You’re drinking wine. Or maybe you’re rocking out to your favorite music while you chop. Serve it with a baguette you picked up on the way home or squirreled away in your freezer, and maybe some salami, and that’s all you need for a meal. Likewise, a grain bowl made from brown rice or red quinoa and topped with corn, black beans and avocado or fried tofu and kimchi. Or to satisfy an urge for something slightly more traditional, how about a platter of chicken and caramelized brussels sprouts with coriander seeds and lemon zest? But instead of cooking and serving the meat and vegetables separately, you roast them together, dirtying only one pan, allowing their flavors to mingle. The crispskinned chicken takes on the sweetness of the sprouts, and the sprouts grow rich with chicken fat. The toasted, cracked coriander seeds add earthy, herbal notes and a nice bit of crunch, and the lemon zest and chiles, used in greater amounts that you’d typically see, amplify everything without any extra work. These are simply made meals that reach a very high bar, both in terms of taste and also preparation. Less is more here: more flavor, less work. Expand the way you think about dinner, and you change the game. Once you get into the groove, cooking dinner can morph from a dreaded chore into a beautiful dance. Take, for instance, the recipe here for lemony pasta with chickpeas and parsley. Here’s what the kitchen choreography can look like. First, you make a bold entrance. Édouard de Pomiane, the great French chef and author of “French Cooking in Ten Minutes: Adapting to the Rhythm of Modern Life,” first published in 1930, suggested that as soon as you walk in the house, before you’ve even taken your hat off (they all wore hats back then), you should put on a pot of water to boil. Chances are you will need it for something in your meal, and if not, you can at least use it to make your coffee when you’re done. (They all drank coffee after dinner back then; I would make mint tea.) While the water comes to a boil, you’re smashing and peeling your garlic cloves, mashing up your chickpeas and heating your skillet. Water boils, salt and pasta go in. Oil is poured into the skillet, followed by garlic, onions, rosemary, red pepper flakes. Sauté until tender, then add your chickpeas. When the pasta is ready, drain and add that to the skillet, too, along with lots of parsley, lemon zest, perhaps some cheese. Of course, you’re drinking wine and chatting with your loved ones while you’re doing this. Or maybe you’re rocking out to your favorite music while you chop. Or you’re enjoying a precious moment of serenity and quiet before dinner. Engineer your cooking time so that it’s one of the most satisfying and lovely moments of the day. That sweet spot — the glass of wine, the conversation, the good food — is what I look forward to all day long. This article is an excerpt from “Dinner: Changing the Game” by Melissa Clark (Clarkson Potter, 2017).
1 lemon 2 teaspoons whole coriander seeds 3 pounds bone-in chicken pieces (use your favorite parts) 1½ pounds brussels sprouts, trimmed, halved if large 1½ teaspoons ground coriander 2½ teaspoons kosher salt ½ teaspoon red pepper flakes 5 garlic cloves, smashed and peeled ¼ cup plus 2 teaspoons extra-virgin olive oil 1 tablespoon Dijon mustard
1. Grate lemon zest, and then quarter the bald lemon, seed the quarters, and set them aside. 2. In a small, dry skillet set over medium heat, toast coriander seeds until fragrant, about 2 minutes. Crush the seeds lightly in a mortar and pestle or with the flat of a heavy knife blade. 3. Pat chicken pieces dry, and place them in a large bowl along with brussels sprouts. Add crushed coriander seeds, ground coriander, lemon zest, salt, red pepper flakes, garlic and ¼ cup olive oil. Toss well. Marinate at room temperature for at least 30 minutes, or up to overnight in the refrigerator.
5. In a small bowl, whisk mustard with remaining 2 teaspoons olive oil. Arrange chicken pieces on a large rimmed baking sheet and brush the mustard mixture over them. Scatter the brussels sprouts around the chicken. 6. If using breast meat, roast until pieces are just done, 20 to 25 minutes, then transfer to a plate and tent it with aluminum foil to keep warm while dark meat and brussels sprouts finish cooking, another 5 to 10 minutes. (If you are only using dark meat, roast chicken and brussels for 25 to 35 minutes total.) Serve with reserved lemon wedges on the side.
4. Heat oven to 425 degrees.
. ..................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
LEMONY PASTA WITH CHICKPEAS AND PARSLEY ADAPTED FROM "DINNER: CHANGING THE GAME" BY MELISSA CLARK (CLARKSON POTTER, 2017) TIME: 30 MINUTES YIELD: 2 SERVINGS
Kosher salt, as needed 8 ounces regular or whole-wheat fusilli or other short, sturdy pasta 2 cups cooked chickpeas, home-cooked or canned ¼ cup extra-virgin olive oil, plus more for drizzling 2 garlic cloves, smashed and peeled ½ onion, diced 1 tablespoon finely chopped fresh rosemary leaves Pinch of red pepper flakes, plus more as needed 1½ cups chickpea cooking liquid (from a
homemade pot; do not use the liquid from the can), vegetable stock or water 3 cups fresh parsley leaves (from 1 large bunch) ⅔ cup grated Parmigiano-Reggiano, plus more for serving 1 tablespoon unsalted butter Finely grated zest of ½ lemon Ground black pepper to taste 1. Bring a large pot of heavily salted water to a boil. Add fusilli and cook until it is just shy of al dente. (It should be slightly underdone to your taste because you’ll finish cooking it in the sauce.) Drain well. 2. While the pasta is cooking, prepare the chickpea sauce: Place chickpeas in a large bowl and use a potato masher or a fork to
lightly mash them; they should be about half-crushed. 3. Heat oil in a 12-inch skillet over medium heat. Add garlic cloves and fry until they are golden brown, about 2 minutes. Stir in onions, rosemary, red pepper flakes and a pinch of salt. Cook, stirring occasionally, until onions are soft, about 10 minutes. Then stir in chickpeas and the cooking liquid, stock or water. Bring to a simmer and cook gently until most of the liquid has evaporated, about 5 minutes. 4. Stir in pasta and parsley, and cook until the pasta has finished cooking and is coated in the sauce, 1 to 2 minutes. Quickly toss in cheese, butter, lemon zest, black pepper to taste and salt if needed. Drizzle with olive oil and shower with additional cheese before serving.
THE NEW YORK TIMES, WEDNESDAY, MARCH 8, 2017
N
D3
Front Burner F LO R E NCE FA B R I CA NT
take home from restaurants. A small section on foraging is included: “Scraps, Wilt & Weeds: Turning Wasted Food Into Plenty” by Mads Refslund and Tama Matsuoka Wong (Grand Central Life & Style, $35).
TO NIBBLE
Sweet and Elegant Flavors Packed in a Square Inch These elegant, pastel petits fours by Bon Vivant New York would fit in nicely at a spring party. Maya Hormis, the owner, studied at Le Cordon Bleu and decided to focus on the classic little iced cakes. “I remember them when I was a child, but you couldn’t get them anywhere,” she said. Her team in Englewood, N.J., fashions square-inch ones and somewhat larger petits cakes, all with buttercream and marzipan fillings and fondant icings, for her Upper East Side shop and to sell online. The flavors are lavender, vanilla, lemon, rose and coffee. Chocolate is next: Bon Vivant New York Cake Café, 238 East 58th Street, 646-481-4044, petits fours from $3.15, petits cakes from $5.80, bonvivantnewyork.com. TO EDUCATE
A Museum in Manhattan Dedicated to Chocolate Eddy Van Belle has set up Choco-Story chocolate museums in Belgium, France and Mexico, and it took very little for him to convince the master chocolatier Jacques Torres (below) that New York needed one, too. Space was available, since Mr. Torres had moved his wholesale production out of his flagship shop in the
TO SPREAD
Dips From a Greek Chef Bring the Taverna Home
Hudson Square neighborhood of Manhattan. This chocolate museum takes history seriously, using priceless Mayan artifacts and other objects to tell a story that goes back to Ecuador in 3500 B.C. Ancient and modern chocolate-making equipment is on view, and demonstrations show how bonbons and traditional Mexican hot chocolate are made. There are chocolates to sample and a play area for children. Hands-on chocolate-making classes are also given: ChocoStory New York: The Chocolate Museum and Experience With Jacques Torres, 350 Hudson Street (entrance on King Street), timed tickets are $15 from mrchocolate .com/museum.
Meals at many Greek restaurants start with bowls of tangy, garlicky dips and spreads like tzatziki. This new line from Maria Loi, the chef and restaurateur, takes Greek dips beyond the everyday. Her smoked eggplant has a garlicky kick and is lighter than most. A dollop of her skordalia, a purée of potato and garlic, will elevate mashed potatoes. The unusual pougi is a tangy, lightly spiced mix of yogurt and feta. And tzatziki with cucumber, yogurt and garlic has a fresh, crunchy texture: Loi Dips, $6.99 for eight ounces at Whole Foods Markets.
TO REUSE
The Joy of Cooking With Food Scraps The Danish chef Mads Refslund provides plenty of practical advice for using food waste in his new book, “Scraps, Wilt & Weeds.” There are recipes using
TO VISIT
New Roost (With Beer) For a Brooklyn Pie Maker Some wine or beer with that lemon chess pie? Both are lovely options at the new Four & Twenty
Blackbirds in Prospect Heights, Brooklyn, which opened Tuesday. Emily Elsen, who owns the company with her sister, Melissa, said that they had been planning a second free-standing location almost from the time they opened their first in Gowanus seven years ago. “This opportunity came our way; it’s in an area with new buildings going up, yet not too far from our home base,” she said. There are new pies for the shop: brown-butter apple streusel, hojicha (toasted green tea) custard, coffee custard with a buckwheat crust, malted chocolate, and buckeye (peanut butter and chocolate). Pies are sold by the slice ($5.75) and whole ($40); smaller eight-inch pies are another new option: Four & Twenty Blackbirds Pie Counter, 634 Dean Street (Vanderbilt Avenue), Prospect Heights, Brooklyn, 718499-2917, birdsblack.com. SASHA MASLOV FOR THE NEW YORK TIMES (PETITS CAKES); TONY CENICOLA/THE NEW YORK TIMES (BARTENDING TOOL, DIPS); EMON HASSAN FOR THE NEW YORK TIMES (PIES); PATRICIA WALL/THE NEW YORK TIMES (BOOK); DANNY GHITIS FOR THE NEW YORK TIMES (CHOCOLATE)
TO JUICE
A Double-Duty Tool For the Design-Minded often discarded items — like cabbage cores, potato skins and carrot tops — as well as tips for making preserved lemons from juiced halves and ways to use overripe fruit. Don’t toss those brewed coffee grounds: Save them to flavor ice creams and custards. The book covers food safety, defines what “sell by” dates really mean and offers guidance on the best leftovers to
DAVID TANIS
This bar tool doubling as sculpture is the work of Alessi, the Italian company that has a talent for giving practical items an aesthetic turn. This sleek, stainless steel combination muddler and juicer is heavy enough to punish that mint for a mojito and has a pointed, fluted end to juice the limes you need for the drink. The juicer can also handle an orange: Alessi Valerio muddler and juicer, $75, momastore.org.
CITY KITCHEN
From a Large and Popular Family Fregola, a cousin of couscous, has comfort-food appeal. FREGOLA, OR FREGOLA SARDA, as it is known
in Sardinia, has been around for a long, long time, a culinary gift from nearby Tunisia. A sturdy, spherical relative of couscous, it is hand-rolled from a mixture of semolina and water, then dried and toasted before it is ready to be steamed or simmered. Beautifully burnished and speckled, it has an alluring comfort-food appeal. I admire fregola’s many guises. It can be served simply boiled and buttered, the better to show off its firm, satisfying, slightly chewy texture and its rustic, nutty flavor. Or fregola may replace rice for a juicy risottolike dish made with clams or other shellfish, with small amounts of broth added incrementally. Added to vegetable soups, cooked slowly along with the other ingredients, it provides body and rib-sticking sustenance. Many classic Sardinian recipes pair fregola with saucy fish stews or braised meats. Fregola salads, served at room temperature or slightly warm, are another delight. Fregola has become an attractive ingredient for American cooks, especially among chefs. I quite like to cook it myself, and have for some time, but despite my fondness (and a certain amount of hands-on edible research), I wanted to know more, so I sent out a group email to a limited number of chefs and food lovers. I asked: Why do you like fregola? How do you like to cook it? Paula Wolfert wrote back and told me to look at page 216 of her book “Mediterranean Grains and Greens,” published in 1998. “It’s all there,” she said. Aha! Sardinian fregola, Sicilian cuscusú, Israeli couscousou, Syrian and Jordanian mograbiah, Jordanian miftool, Tunisian mhammas and Greek and Turkish kuskus, she explained, are all versions of couscous, in various shapes and sizes, scattered about the Eastern Mediterranean. The New York chef Mason Lindahl makes “a luscious fregola salad with lemon, mint, parsley and shaved aged sheep’s milk cheese,” he said. The cookbook author Joan Nathan, who is a contributor to The New York Times, says she prepares fregola “like Jewish farfel, with fried onions and mushrooms.” Jennifer Sherman of Chez Panisse describes fregola as “a delicious blank can-
CORRECTION
An article last Wednesday about lower-sugar cereals that the New York City schools have included in their free-breakfast program misstated the role in the Obama White House of Sam Kass, who helped introduce the schools to the cereals. He was assistant chef, not the chef.
vas, ready to be painted with bright springgreen peas, Italian parsley and arugula.” Gabriela Cámara, the chef of Cala in San Francisco, said, “I do love fregola and my mouth just waters at the thought of it dressed with pesto and pecorino.” During a recent cold snap, I opted for fregola in a hearty, spicy, tomato-y calamari stew, a homage to frugal times when fregola was considered cheap and belly-filling, like potatoes. Since squid is the least expensive offering at the fishmonger, we had a stellar meal for less than $20.
. ......................................................................................
SPICY CALAMARI WITH FREGOLA TIME: 30 MINUTES YIELD: 4 TO 6 SERVINGS
2 pounds small to medium calamari, tubes and tentacles cleaned, cut into ½-inch pieces Salt and pepper Extra-virgin olive oil ½ teaspoon crushed red pepper 4 anchovy fillets, roughly chopped 4 small garlic cloves, minced 1 large onion, diced (about 1½ cups) ⅛ teaspoon crumbled saffron ½ cup dry white wine 1 cup diced canned tomato ¾ cup chicken broth or water 1 cup fregola sarda (add ½ cup for heartier appetites) 12 basil leaves Pinch of dried oregano 1. Spread the calamari on a baking sheet and pat dry as best you can with paper towels. Season generously with salt and pepper.
PHOTOGRAPHS BY KARSTEN MORAN FOR THE NEW YORK TIMES
and let sizzle, then add onions and stir well. 4. Season onions generously and cook, stirring, for 2 to 3 minutes, until softened and faintly colored. Add saffron and wine and simmer for 1 minute, then add tomato and broth. Adjust heat so sauce simmers gently for about 10 minutes, until flavors are well mingled. Taste for salt and hot pepper. 5. Meanwhile, bring 4 cups salted water to a boil. Add fregola and cook until al dente, 8 to 10 minutes. Drain and keep warm.
2. Put 2 tablespoons olive oil in a large, wide skillet over high heat. Add calamari and quickly stir-fry, cooking for only 1 minute, until puffed. Remove from pan with slotted spoon and set aside.
6. Add par-cooked calamari to the sauce over high heat. Add basil leaves and stir well until everything is heated through and calamari are completely cooked, about 2 minutes. Transfer to a warm serving bowl and fold in cooked fregola. Sprinkle with oregano, add a drizzle of olive oil, if desired, and serve.
3. Return pan to stove, reduce heat to medium-high and add 1 tablespoon olive oil. Add crushed red pepper, anchovy and garlic
Note: The calamari are just briefly sautéed at the beginning and added to the sauce later, to keep them tender.
D4
THE NEW YORK TIMES, WEDNESDAY, MARCH 8, 2017
N
THE POUR
ERIC ASIMOV
Want Better Bottles? Three Words: Wine Is Food Perhaps it’s time to think about what you drink as carefully as you do about what you eat. MANY PEOPLE SEEK an easy formula for
choosing better wines. I’m often asked if I can suggest a book, or a class, or a particular wine magazine. But trying to master the vast array of wine producers from almost all corners of the earth is a long, though fascinating, slog. I’m still trudging along that endless route myself. Fortunately, there is a simpler solution that does not require poring over tomes that daunt you with complexity, or pamphlets that mislead you by promising easy expertise. All you have to do is remember three words: Wine is food. This may sound absurd to people whose idea of wine appreciation is swilling a little red in a bar while their friends are downing cocktails or beer. It will make no sense to those for whom a glass of wine is merely the reward for arriving home after a hard day’s work, as others may enjoy a Scotch on the rocks or a martini. But wine in the classic sense is not a cocktail replacement. It is an integral part of a meal, served at the table, with food. And for me, a simple way to understand wine, to elevate the quality of what you consume and the pleasure you take in it, is to treat wine as if it were another staple of the table, just as
Viewing wine as a staple of the table, like meat, bread and produce. you would the produce, meat and bread that you shop for and eat. In the last few decades, Americans have become far more conscious of the ingredients in their meals. Categories like organic foods, once the province of eccentric health nuts, are now mainstream and big business. Shopping is no longer a clear-cut matter of driving the car to the supermarket and loading up; it carries a host of ethical, political and aesthetic considerations. Where and how is food grown and raised? How are animals treated? Flavor, a factor that was once relegated to the bottom of the food industry’s list of priorities, is again front and center. The distance that food must travel is critical to many, as is the role of science and industry. All of these considerations are fundamental to the food revolution that has vastly improved both the quality of what we eat and the pleasure we take in it. Yet when it comes to wine, many who care deeply about their food are still drinking the equivalent of the square tomato. This blind spot has kept many consumers from asking questions about how their wine is made, even though they may be hyperconscious of the origins of the food they eat. What would happen if wine drinkers began to take an interest in the winemaking process? Make no mistake: Just as surely as supermarket aisles in the United States are lined with processed foods, the products of painstaking research into flavor components, manufacturing techniques and customer desires, so are they filled with bottles of processed wine. These wines are not the simple, pastoral expressions of an agricultural culture. They are assembly-line wines, farmed industrially with chemical sprays, churned out in factories with technology and machinery and additives, and tailored, just as processed foods are, to specifications derived from substantial audience research and the use of focus groups. Most people don’t care about the intricacies of what they consume, as long as it tastes good to them. They have other priorities. But a significant minority do care about EMAIL asimov@nytimes.com. And follow Eric
Asimov on Twitter: @EricAsimov.
HARRY CAMPBELL
what they eat, enough so that farmers’ markets, butchers and bakers, restaurants and whole supermarket chains are now dedicated to providing great ingredients that meet heightened aesthetic, medical, moral and ethical considerations. Thinking about wine in the same way is a significant first step toward improving the quality of the wine you drink and the pleasure you take in it. Under federal law, a wine cannot be called organic unless it is made from grapes that have been certified as organic, has been fermented with organic yeast and has no added sulfur dioxide, a preservative that is used in all but the most natural of wines. Very few wines can be called organic, though many are made from organically grown grapes. That alone may offer no clues to the quality of the wine. Organic grapes, like industrially farmed grapes, can be processed in the winery with great artifice and little regard for producing a forthright product. What’s more, many small farmers of great integrity work organically, or adhere to even stricter principles than the definition requires, but don’t bother certifying their work because of the expense and bureaucracy involved. So labels are not always meaningful. Even more important than labels like “or-
You may happen on a good bottle of wine in a supermarket, but chances are you will not. ganic” would be a greater sense of transparency in how grapes are grown and wine is made. Processed foods are required to list all the ingredients used during production. Why should wine be immune to such labeling requirements? Many food-buying decisions are made after scanning the ingredient labels of competing products. Shouldn’t we want to know what’s in our wine, too? The wine industry has long argued that consumers would find ingredient labels confusing or incomprehensible. That may be true, but it’s irrelevant. Who among us understands the ingredients that go into, say, a mass-market breakfast cereal? Millions of people could not care less and buy these products anyway. But with comprehensive labeling, those who want to avoid artificial or suspect ingredients have the opportunity to do so. They should have the same opportunity with wine.
OFF THE MENU
And you can bet that once people begin to ask questions about the ingredients and processes involved in making wine, the industry will begin to cater more to this growing group of educated consumers. Thinking of wine as food will affect shopping decisions in another important way. Many people who may care enough to buy meat, fish, bread and produce from specialty purveyors or farmers’ markets continue to buy their wine in supermarkets, big-box retailers or convenience stores. If you care about wine, that is a mistake. You may happen on a good bottle, but chances are you will not. For that, you need a store run by passionate devotees who do much of the advance work for you. A good wine shop or online merchant with a point of view, like a great butcher or baker, will have performed a rigorous selection process before making its wares available to consumers. Knowing that you are in a good wine shop can sharpen your decisionmaking down to issues of taste and occasion rather than quality. Treating wine as food clarifies the notion of what it is you have on the table. It simplifies wine and makes it more approachable. And it leads to the same conclusion: To drink better wine, you must ultimately find a better wine source.
FLORENCE FABRICANT
executive chef at Marta: 198 East 11th Street (Third Avenue).
HEADLINER KazuNori, the Original Hand Roll Bar Having established the Los Angeles fixture Sugarfish in New York, Kazunori Nozawa and his company are ready to open this newer concept specializing in freshly made hand rolls called temaki. The restaurant, styled in bare, polished wood with black accents, has a sweeping 24-seat counter with stools in the front half and another 12-seat counter beyond. Reservations will not be accepted. There are several set menus, $13 to $28, with three to six rolls, each featuring a different kind of seafood, including salmon, bay scallop, blue crab, yellowtail, toro, lobster and snapper, all made with the company’s signature crisp nori and warm rice. Other hand rolls, including shrimp, cucumber and mountain yam (yamaimo), are also available, as are a couple of sashimi. Only soft drinks, teas, beer and sake will be served. Among those running this branch of the Los Angeles original is Tom Nozawa (right), a son of the founder. (Opens Thursday): 15 West 28th Street, 347-5945940, kazunorisushi.com.
OPENING
BB.Q Chicken You may think you’ve already seen every possible iteration of crisp Korean fried chicken in the Koreatown section of Manhattan; Flushing, Queens; and elsewhere, but a new Goliath has just arrived. Genesis BBQ, with thousands of franchises in South Korea and other countries, is bringing its signature chicken, billed as fried in extra-virgin olive oil, and beer menu to New York. The ground floor of the two-level restaurant is for takeaway, with communal tables. But the lower
level is full service, offering various styles of chicken and other Korean dishes, some set meals, craft beers, wines and the like: 25 West 32nd Street, 212-967-8093, bbqktownnyc.com.
Piccola Cucina Estiatorio Philip Guardione, who owns two Italian restaurants in SoHo (Piccola Cucina Enoteca and Piccola Cucina Osteria), is opening a third, emphasizing seafood with inflections from Sicily, Southern Italy and Greece. Seafood is sold by the pound, and preparations reflect those at various ports of
CLOSED
BrisketTown Daniel Delaney has closed his barbecue restaurant in Williamsburg, Brooklyn, because the building is set to be demolished. He’s hoping to relocate. His catering company remains in business: 718-701-8909, delaneybbq.com.
BENJAMIN NORMAN FOR THE NEW YORK TIMES
call along the Mediterranean. There are also some meat and vegetable dishes. Mr. Guardione designed the intimate restaurant with his wife, Monica Monfasani, who helps to run it. (Wednesday): 75 Thompson Street (Broome Street), 646-781-9183, piccolacucinagroup.com. LOOKING AHEAD
The Aviary and the Office The
lounge-restaurants owned by the Alinea Group in the Fulton Market district of Chicago and known for creative cocktails will be coming to New York this summer. The Aviary will replace the Lobby Lounge on the 35th floor of the Mandarin Oriental New York at Columbus Circle; its more intimate downstairs component, the Office, will move into the MoBar space, now under construction.
Adam Tihany is designing both. A kitchen is being built between the two rooms: 80 Columbus Circle.
Martina Danny Meyer described this newest member of the Union Square Hospitality family, to open in early summer, as a small version of Marta, its pizza-focused restaurant in NoMad. There will be pizza here, too, Mr. Meyer said, but no wood-fired grill. It will be run by Nick Anderer, who was the
Fleishers Kingston The original upstate butcher shop opened by Josh and Jessica Applestone in 2004 will close March 18. The building has been sold, and instead of looking for new space in the town, the company, with shops in Park Slope, Brooklyn; the Upper East Side of Manhattan; and Greenwich and Westport, Conn., decided to let it go. It already moved its headquarters to Red Hook, Brooklyn, and now, the company said, the distance to the Hudson Valley was proving to be too far to handle easily: 307 Wall Street, Kingston, N.Y., 845338-6666, fleishers.com. . ...................................................................
More restaurant news is online at nytimes.com/food.
THE NEW YORK TIMES, WEDNESDAY, MARCH 8, 2017
HUNGRY CITY
N
D5
LIGAYA MISHAN
Egyptian Cooking and History, All in One A restaurant in Ridgewood, Queens, features traditional dishes, groceries and a shrine.
LITTLE EGYPT 66-28 FRESH POND ROAD (PALMET TO STREET ), RIDGEWOOD, QUEENS; 347-987-3860; LIT TLEEGYPTRESTAURANT.COM
I HAVE NEVER seen branzino look quite like
this, like some ancient, jewel-encrusted weapon unearthed from volcanic ash, prickly with glistening shards, crushed obsidian and olivine. Steam rises from the fish’s mouth, a long, pensive exhale. The armor — cracked wheat, cumin, allspice and garlic, blackened over charcoal — crumbles at the knife. It is lemon-bright with a faint, corrective bitterness from its dalliance with fire. Inside, the flesh is immaculate, as juicy and tender as you would wish. It is a grand dish to eat in the humble white-tile storefront of Little Egypt in Ridgewood, Queens. Up front, a cluster of tables are set with plastic black damask place mats and electric candles; in the back, grocery shelves can be read like a library, a scholarship of fava beans and black molasses. Nashaat Youssef, the chef, opened Little Egypt two years ago with his sister, Nagwa Hanna, a chemist with a sideline in pastry. Ridgewood has been his home since he arrived in the United States in 1991. He grew up in Alexandria, Egypt’s largest seaport, and spent a decade cooking at a restaurant steps from the docks. In New York, he took a detour, working for a limousine company, before deciding to return to what he loved. In the front window are relics of the country left behind: a large replica of King Tut’s sarcophagus, a bust of Nefertiti in her turquoise cap-crown, a hookah coiled in on itself (“decoration only,” Mr. Youssef said). Above the tables stands a small figure of Christ carrying the cross. On Sunday mornings, Mr. Youssef makes food for his fellow parishioners at nearby St. Mary and St. Antonios Coptic Orthodox Church, cooking alongside his wife, sister and brother to raise money for people in need in Egypt. At the restaurant, the pleasures are simple and frank: eggplant cut thin and fried just shy of crisp, in a vinaigrette warmed by cumin; chile-haunted sausages imported from Egypt, bundled with bell pepper, tahini and “secret spices” into a happy fever of a sandwich. Kobeba, little torpedoes of cracked wheat and ground beef, emerge from the deep fryPete Wells’s restaurant reviews will return on March 15.
. ......................................................................................
Recommended Eggplant; kobeba; koshari; sausage sandwich; branzino; konafa; basboosa; baklava. Drinks and wine No alcohol. Prices $2.99 to $18.99; no American Express. Open Tuesday to Sunday for lunch and dinner. Reservations Accepted. Wheelchair access The entrance is on the same level as the sidewalk. The restroom has small handrails.
PHOTOGRAPHS BY EMON HASSAN FOR THE NEW YORK TIMES
Clockwise from above: Nashaat Youssef, chef at Little Egypt, with his wife, Yvette, and their sons, Wadie, left, and Mark; a wall display of Egyptian relics; Little Egypt’s storefront; the grocery section; a sausage sandwich; an array of desserts.
er airy and yielding, betraying hardly a bead of oil. Stuffed grape leaves come a dozen per order, according to the menu; my plate had 20, tightly bound and still dewy from steaming in lemon and clarified butter. For the ful medames, a traditional Egyptian breakfast that may be reprised at any hour, fresh fava beans are left unpeeled to retain earthiness and cooked for hours on low heat until they’re creamy but still discrete. Mr. Youssef dresses them with nothing but olive oil and a squeeze of lemon, so their natural funk comes through. Even a side dish of rice is mysteriously good, although Mr. Youssef claims that there is nothing to it — beyond a light browning in butter and a crest of crisped
onions, the best of which are nearly burned. Then there is koshari, a miracle of street food, which Mr. Youssef builds out of rice and black lentils nearly melded together, barely cooked macaroni, chickpeas and a liberal heaping of those crisped onions. All are united by dim’a musabika, a loose sauce of fresh tomatoes slowly broken down and tomato paste, deepened with cumin and flares of cayenne. Mr. Youssef’s wife, Yvette, helps in the kitchen, and his sons, Mark, 16, and Wadie, 17, pitch in when not at school. One recent afternoon, during the city’s public school midwinter break, Mark was bussing tables. “You want baklava?” he asked. “We just made it.” It was lovely, as are all of the desserts, Ms. Hanna’s recipes: basboosa, a semolina cake rich with yogurt and rose-water syrup trickling into every pore; konafa with buttery squiggles of shredded phyllo; and, off the menu, kahk, cookies with gooey centers of walnuts robed in honey and enough powdered sugar to leave a trail of snow. The restaurant in Alexandria where Mr. Youssef got his start was called Samakmak, an affectionate diminutive of samak, Arabic for fish. Here, the Samakmak Special is tilapia, baked and cloaked in dim’a musabika. One night, my table couldn’t finish it, because we had ordered too much food. Ms. Youssef looked concerned as she cleared the plates. When I went to the register to pay, Mr. Youssef said, “Next time you come, you will have the best fish.” It was delicious, I protested; we were just full. He shook his head. “Next time,” he promised.
SAM SIFTON
Not the Corned Beef of Yore . ......................................................................................
CONTINUED FROM PAGE D1
HOMEMADE CORNED BEEF
box labeled ‘Grade D, edible,’” he said. “Oh, man.” But, look: The heart wants what it wants. St. Patrick’s Day looms, and for some a real and abiding desire for corned beef comes along with it. Mr. Flay sometimes serves the dish for staff meals in his restaurants. Mr. Heffernan, for his part, makes a corned salmon. Mr. Mullen, scarred by experience, does neither, although, he allowed, “It could be great.” Exactly! What if you could make a great corned beef? What if you could make it taste the way it does not in the Irish pubs of memory but in the reality you sometimes see in the hot baths of Jewish delicatessens, where it sits aside pastrami, its smoked and spiced cousin: ruddy pink and salty and fatty and meltingly sweet? You can do it easily, said Michael Ruhlman, a passionate advocate of the process and the author, with Brian Polcyn, of “Charcuterie: The Craft of Salting, Smoking and Curing.” You need only start by corning your own beef. “You can achieve tastes that aren’t available in the mass-produced versions,” he said. “Also, it’s a genuine thrill to transform plain old beef into something so tangy and piquant and red and delicious.” Corned beef takes its name from the salt that was originally used to brine it, the crystals so large they resembled kernels of corn. Curing and packing plants in Ireland used that salt in the 19th century to cure slabs of beef that went into barrels, later cans, and
TIME: 3 HOURS, PLUS 5 DAYS' BRINING YIELD: 8 TO 12 SERVINGS
2 ½ 5 5 1
cups coarse kosher salt cup sugar garlic cloves, smashed tablespoons pickling spices tablespoon plus 1 teaspoon pink curing salt (sodium nitrite) 1 4- to 5-pound beef brisket 2 bottles of good beer 2 bottles of good ginger beer
1. Brine the brisket: In a medium pot set over high heat, combine about a gallon of water, the salt, the sugar, the garlic, 3 tablespoons pickling spices and the pink curing salt. Stir mixture as it heats until sugar and salt are dissolved, about 1 minute. Transfer liquid to a container large enough for the brine and the brisket, then refrigerate until liquid is cool. 2. Place brisket in the cooled liquid and weigh the meat down with a plate so it is submerged. Cover container and place in the refrigerator for 5 days, or up to 7 days, turning every day or so. 3. To cook brisket, remove it from the brine and rinse under cool water. Place in a pot just large enough to hold it and cover with one of the beers and one of the ginger beers. If you need more liquid to cover the meat, add enough of the other beer, and the other ginger beer, to do so. Add remaining 2 tablespoons pickling spices. Bring to a boil over high heat, then turn heat to low so liquid is barely simmering. Cover and let cook until you can easily insert a fork into the meat, about 3 hours, adding water along the way if needed to cover the brisket.
. ......................................................................................
IRISH TACOS TIME: 30 MINUTES YIELD: 6 TO 8 SERVINGS
2 to 2½ pounds corned beef (see recipe) 1 small head of green cabbage, cored and thinly sliced 3 carrots, peeled and sliced into julienne 1 cup mayonnaise 3 tablespoons plain Greek yogurt or sour cream 3 tablespoons cider vinegar Kosher salt and ground black pepper, to taste 1½ tablespoons hot pepper sauce, or to taste 12 to 16 flour tortillas, warmed Sliced fresh or pickled jalapeños 1. Warm the corned beef in its cooking liquid, or wrap it in foil and set on a sheet pan in a 350-degree oven for 20 minutes or so. 2. Make the coleslaw: Mix cabbage and carrots together in a large bowl. 3. In a separate bowl, whisk together mayonnaise, yogurt or sour cream, cider vinegar, salt, pepper and hot pepper sauce to taste. 4. Pour half the sauce over the cabbage and
4. Keep warm until serving, or let cool in the liquid and reheat when ready to eat, up to three or four days. Slice thinly and serve on sandwiches, in Irish tacos (see recipe) or with carrots and cabbage simmered until tender in the cooking liquid.
PHOTOGRAPHS BY MELINA HAMMER FOR THE NEW YORK TIMES
carrots and toss to coat thoroughly. Season to taste. Reserve remaining sauce. 5. When the corned beef is hot, remove from liquid or foil and use two forks to shred it. Serve with the warmed tortillas, sliced jalapeños, the slaw, remaining white sauce and some hot pepper sauce.
onto ships to feed, among others, British colonists, troops, slaves and laborers across the globe. Eventually someone in Boston or the Bahamas fished out a cut of beef neck or a brisket and boiled it into submission with a head of cabbage, and that was dinner. We live in different times. The curing process may now lead you down long alleys of taste experimentation as you consider what pickling spices to use in your brine: coriander, mustard seed and black peppercorns, for sure, along with maybe allspice, ground ginger, bay leaves and cinnamon — or just a few tablespoons of a blend from a spice market or grocery you trust. But it does require, Mr. Ruhlman suggested, that you go out of your way to find the curing salt that turns the meat pink: so-
dium nitrite. The substance was used originally to forestall the growth of bacteria. That may not be an issue for the refrigerated, modern age, he said, but it still delivers big, complicated flavor to home-corned beef. It won’t harm you, he added, for the benefit of those who fear nitrates and nitrites. He was vigorous on this point. Mr. Ruhlman’s view: We already ingest a lot of nitrates in the form of vegetables that draw nitrogen from the soil. A few tablespoons of sodium nitrite added to a gallon of brine once or twice a year isn’t going to cause anyone problems. “It’s not a chemical additive,” he said. “It’s not red dye 40.” Micah Wexler, the chef and an owner of Wexler’s Deli in Los Angeles, agreed. “It’s an unnecessary freak-out,” he said, to worry about curing salt. “Never mind the preservative power. That stuff adds an almost
Transforming a common slab of meat into a tangy and piquant meal. indescribable flavor. It’s beefier than beef, more of itself. I don’t like that ‘umami’ word, but it’s there. You need it. It’s not like you’re sitting there eating the stuff with a spoon.” So curing salt and pickling spices for the brine. Add a three- or four- or five-pound hunk of brisket to the solution, weigh it down and leave it in the fridge for five days or more. Corned beef requires forethought. It requires hardly any work. Then when you are ready to cook, Mr. Wexler said, don’t boil the meat. Don’t get close to boiling it. Cook it at a bare simmer in liquid, or wrapped in foil in a low-temperature oven, “low and slow, for a really long time,” he said. Use science, he added. “Get a probe thermometer and use it,” he said. “We’ve found that if you want it on the tender, still sliceable end of the scale of doneness, well, that’s an internal temperature between 185 and 190.” If you’re cooking in liquid, you can be a traditionalist and slide some cabbage and carrots into the liquid for the last hour of cooking — that is a boiled dinner in the New England tradition and a standard of the Irish-American canon, served with strong mustard. But you don’t need to. I told Mr. Mullen that I make a bright cabbage slaw instead, and use it for tacos, wrapping the meat and vegetables in flour tortillas. “Yes,” he said, warming to the idea. “Not corn tortillas. That would be too fusion-y. I like it.”
D6
THE NEW YORK TIMES, WEDNESDAY, MARCH 8, 2017
N
CRITIC’S NOTEBOOK
PETE WELLS
ABOVE, PHOTOGRAPHS BY FRANCESCO SAPIENZA FOR THE NEW YORK TIMES
The exterior and interior of Fowler & Wells, Tom Colicchio’s restaurant in the Beekman hotel. Signing up a known chef “allows the hotel instant recognition,” Mario Batali said.
Welcome, Chef. The Room Is Ready. CONTINUED FROM PAGE D1
as restaurant critic. I do know that there are a lot, and some even manage to situate their restrooms relatively close to the dining room. The list would include places operated by some very well-known chefs: Mario Batali, April Bloomfield, Mario Carbone, Andrew Carmellini, Tom Colicchio, Tim Cushman, John Fraser, Daniel Humm, George Mendes, Harold Moore, Dale Talde, Rich Torrisi, Laurent Tourondel and Jonathan Waxman. Danny Meyer, who is more famous than any of his chefs, has opened several hotel restaurants in that time, as has the restaurateur Stephen Starr. Keith McNally and his Brooklyn equivalent, Andrew Tarlow, have each founded ones of their own. While hotel restaurants are sprouting up around the country, in New York they have a particular local flavor, shaped by real estate forces and the fact that, unlike Las Vegas or Miami, the city rarely imports chefs. In effect, an entire class of restaurant — the big, mainstream, chef-owned, customerfriendly places whose profit margins have been shaved as thin as a chive over the past few years — is now being subsidized by the hotel industry. To understand why, it helps to know something about the boutique hotel boom. As opposed to the big chain hotels that promised consistency with few surprises, this new wave of hotels tries to tailor each property to its setting. They recognize that these days “when we travel, we want unique and authentic expe-
‘The food and beverage program is the lifeblood of selling rooms.’ riences,” in the words of Henry H. Harteveldt, whose Atmosphere Research Group analyzes the travel industry. This rules out the cookie-cutter dining rooms of the big chains, but it also means a turn away from an earlier style of hotel dining: the curtained, carpeted, cushioned and cloched pomp of restaurants like Alain Ducasse New York or Lespinasse. “The boutique hotels wanted to be cutting-edge,” Mr. Harteveldt said. “They viewed their food and beverage outlets as not just something to offer the guests, but true sources of pride and profit.” One trouble with start-up hotels, though, is that their names don’t mean much on their own. The boutiques solve this problem by courting people whose names do have some currency. Signing up a known chef “allows the hotel instant recognition,” Mr. Batali wrote in an email. Mr. Batali, an old hand at running restaurants in Las Vegas hotels, opened La Sirena in the Maritime Hotel in Chelsea last year. “For the hotel, the food and beverage program is the lifeblood of selling rooms.” I had some vague idea of all this, but I didn’t realize just how valuable chefs are to hotels until I learned about the terms of a typical deal. “The hotel pays for everything,” the restaurateur Ken Friedman said. Everything? “They build the restaurant for you,” said Mr. Friedman, who is Ms. Bloomfield’s business partner. “They say, ‘What do you think it’s going to cost for chairs and tables and lighting?’ They pay for it all.” This means taking care of the architects and contractors and graphic designers; the stoves and refrigerators; the hoods and airconditioners and chandeliers. Most hotels will even help cover the publicist’s bills. For an independent restaurant, these initial expenses can quickly add up to $1 million or more. This is not the kind of cash that chefs normally keep stashed in an apron pocket next to the meat thermometer, so they borrow from family, friends, banks or other investors. Some of them drown under the weight of this early debt. Not the ones in hotels, though. “We start making profit from Day 1,” Mr. Friedman said. “That’s almost impossible in the restaurant business.” Once the tables are filled with customers, restaurants typically get a cut of the gross sales and then, once costs are subtracted, about half the profits. The percentages vary, but it’s easy to see why so many chefs would rather go into business with a hotel than pay rent to a New York landlord, a breed that can be like an iron fist in an iron glove. “The landlord has a number and that’s the number,” said the chef Wylie Dufresne, who will open a doughnut shop at the William Vale hotel in Brooklyn this spring. “If you can’t pay it, the next guy will. A hotel can say, ‘O.K., I’ve got a chef with a name that’s going to draw people here and that’s going to help fill my hotel and we can strike a slightly more agreeable bargain.” If, a few years on, the restaurant isn’t fill-
DANIEL KRIEGER FOR THE NEW YORK TIMES.
Above, La Sirena, at the Maritime Hotel in Chelsea. Right, the Billiard Room at the Clocktower, in the New York Edition hotel. “We start making profit from Day 1,” said Ken Friedman, a restaurateur who runs four hotel restaurants with the chef April Bloomfield. “That’s almost impossible in the restaurant business.”
DANNY GHITIS FOR THE NEW YORK TIMES
ing rooms and drawing local residents like it used to, the hotel may sign up a different operator. But for many restaurateurs, this is less agonizing than investing money and time in a space and then having to walk away because the rent has quadrupled. “This is a no-brainer for restaurants,” said Jasmine L. Moy, a lawyer in New York who negotiates hotel restaurant contracts. “If they can get these deals, they take them.” CHEFS IN THE CITY are quick to complain that independent restaurants are being strangled by soaring rents and creeping payroll costs; meanwhile, the smaller spaces they may be able to afford can be nearly impossible to set up in a way that satisfies the city’s health and building codes. For many restaurateurs, hotels look like the only way out. Or, as Ms. Moy puts it, “The future of dining is going to be in hotels.” If she is right, then New York’s future is going to look a lot like its past. Because these new hotel restaurants look and feel the way restaurants did in the 1990s. The dining rooms are given serious square footage, which comes as a relief for those of us who have spent too many nights wedging our oversize frames into former bodegas on the Lower East Side. The tables are well spaced, and there are generally plenty of them. Reservations are taken and are generally not too difficult to come by. Mr. Carmellini calls Leuca, which he
opened last hear in the William Vale hotel in Brooklyn, “our most adult restaurant.” “You can make reservations,” he continued. “There’s a lot of room. And the space drove that.” Hotel menus offer loads of options. Tasting menus are rare, and when they exist they are concise and optional, not an evening-long mandate. Except in the very few places that run on licensing deals, the chefs are fairly hands-on and stay that way after the opening blitz. This means that the food will be, at a minimum, pretty good. At Dirty French, the NoMad, the Breslin, Le Coucou and the Clocktower, among others, it is much better than that. The hotel industry’s financial support of old-fashioned amenities is good news for restaurateurs who still believe in traditional hospitality, as well as for diners whose idea of a nice night on the town involves comfort, convenience and choice. But the hotel restaurants also bring back other memories that I’m less nostalgic for. Almost none of New York’s female chefs have been admitted to the party; Ms. Bloomfield, who runs four of them with Mr. Friedman, is an exception. Are the deals not coming their way or are women turning them down? The cuisines that have flourished in the newer hotels are ones that New Yorkers were very familiar with 30 years ago: Italian, French and what used to be called New American. True, we have Indian Accent in Le Parker Meridien, but other large coun-
tries — for that matter, entire continents — have been left behind. We can enjoy the hotel restaurants we’ve been given while wishing the industry had a broader vision that matched New York’s wide-ranging appetite. Imagine if an adventurous company lavished its resources on street food and transformed its lobby into, say, a Singaporean hawker’s market. But this might conflict with one of the imperatives of hotel kitchens: room service. Chefs are almost always required to provide it, even if the orders for plain spaghetti for the kid on the eighth floor drive them crazy. For now at least, New Yorkers have some better choices for breakfast, which almost all of the hotels serve. As for those long, exploratory trips to the restrooms, I finally have an explanation. I asked Allen Gross, the chief executive of GFI Capital Resources Group, the real estate group that developed the Beekman, the NoMad and the Ace hotels, and he sounded delighted that I had noticed. They were not an inconvenience, he said — they helped make the restaurants “an experience.” He clarified the point in an email: “By putting the restrooms in a different location, it gives us the opportunity to have the guests experience the hotel and gives them the opportunity to see the other restaurants, the atrium and the space as a whole.” And now, when nature calls during dinner, you have a new way to excuse yourself. Just tell everybody you have an opportunity waiting for you in the basement.
THE NEW YORK TIMES, WEDNESDAY, MARCH 8, 2017
N
D7
YOTAM OTTOLENGHI
A Childhood Scented With Citrus The bright flavors of the past find their way into the pan. WHEN I WAS a child, we often spent our summers in Italy. My grandparents were Italian, and we’d stay with them in their house, in the hills outside Florence. It was complete madness for my dad’s family to still have the house — it was grand, crumbling and soaking up all available funds — but magic for us kids, of course, less aware of all the headaches. A big part of this magic came from the vast and largely empty structure in the garden called the limonaia. In parts of Italy, limonaias — lemon houses — are where citrus trees in their terra-cotta pots are taken during the winter months to shield them from the unforgiving frost and heavy rain. On big citrus estates, limonaias would often be tall and elaborate buildings, built around imposing columns and cathedral-like as a result. Once the frost had passed and the citrus trees were no longer in need of protection, they’d be returned to their groves, leaving the limonaia to sit empty through the summer. The appeal of that empty space — slightly creepy with its vacant pots and random vines growing wild on the inside wall — was enormous for my brother and me. We’d spend hours clambering around and hiding out, the smell of citrus still hanging vividly in the air. The house is long gone from the family, and it’s been many years since I’ve been in a limonaia. Indeed, my brother, Yiftach, is also a memory for the family, taken from us before his time. The memory of playing in that large empty room with my brother, the smell of citrus still hanging in the air, is as sharp and vivid as a squeeze of lemon itself. The memory of these summers lives on, in part, through the lemon tree my parents have growing in front of their house today, outside Jerusalem. The climate is one without frost, and so this tree is right where it’s been for over 20 years, unmoved, producing lemons for my parents at an insanely prolific rate. Whenever I’m there, we have the limoncello Mum has made from steeping lemon skins in alcohol and then adding sugar syrup, drinking it from shot glasses with
In baking, fruit does not need to be seen to make its presence felt. — what else — little pictures of lemons on them. The clinking of our glasses and that hit of citrus brought by the first sip of limoncello marks the arrival back home. Lemons, then, have become a bit mythical for me. They are with me every step of the way, and not just as a memory and a tradition, but as a source of so much of what makes me happy in the kitchen. They leave their bright mark all over my savory cooking: a final squeeze of lemon juice to balance a dish, some finely chopped preserved lemon skin to bring bursts of flavor and surprise, a few strips of pared lemon to infuse a stew. Lemon, for me, is what makes food sing. Citrus in all its forms appears as often in my baking as it does in my savory cooking, even when it’s not shouting about itself. As with the limonaia during those summer months in Italy, citrus doesn’t always need to be seen for its presence to be felt. Sometimes, of course, the citrus is loud and clear: Limes and oranges are very much the lead act in today’s bakes, for example. Often, though, the role played by citrus is more of a supporting one and — if we define magic as that which brings about an effect without showing its hand at work — a little bit magic. This magic can still be about scent and flavor: the grated lemon zest in a butterrich pastry shell, or the subtle hint of orange zest in a batch of cranberry, oat and white chocolate cookies. It can be about the way citrus balances other flavors in a dish: the addition of lemon zest and juice in an almond paste, for example, to prevent it from being too sickly sweet, or the juice and zest of limes used to cut through the richness of a cheesecake. It can also, though, be about the huge utility of citrus in baking: its functional role as an acid and the effect it can therefore have on other ingredients. Take the act of whisking egg whites to make simple meringues (or cakes or soufflés). For the egg whites to increase sufficiently in volume when they are being whipped, they need to be stabilized by the addition of something acidic. While cream of tartar is often used, a few drops of lemon juice per egg white works just as well. Or think of when lemon juice is added to apples or blueberries that are being cooked to make jelly or jam. To set, the gelling agent in fruit, pectin, needs to be coaxed out. A teaspoon or two of lemon juice is enough to make that happen. Oranges and lemons are the workhorses of my kitchen, but I’ve barely scratched the citrus surface here — no mention of grapefruit or sour oranges, mandarins or the mottled skin and powerful scent of bergamot, bitter Seville oranges or Sicilian blood oranges, all kind of limes and yuzu or kumquats. If you do want to scratch further, then just one bit of practical advice: Whether you’re juicing or zesting or cutting out the segments of flesh to chop up, be sure to avoid the white pith in the membrane, which encases each segment. Crushing this will release a bitterness into the dish, rather than bringing the brightness and balance that citrus so beautifully provides. YOTAM OTTOLENGHI is a British chef and the
author of several cookbooks, including “Plenty,” “Plenty More” and, with Sami Tamimi, “Jerusalem.” He is also an owner of the Ottolenghi cafes and Nopi restaurant in London.
PHOTOGRAPHS BY RIKKI SNYDER FOR THE NEW YORK TIMES
. ..................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
ROSEMARY, OLIVE OIL AND ORANGE CAKE TIME: 1½ HOURS, PLUS TIME FOR PREPARING CRYSTALLIZED ROSEMARY YIELD: 10 SERVINGS
For the crystallized rosemary: 10 small rosemary sprigs, no more than 1 inch each in size (see note) 1 egg white, lightly whisked 2 teaspoons granulated or superfine sugar For the cake: About 2 tablespoons/30 grams unsalted butter, softened, for greasing the pan 2 cups/240 grams all-purpose flour, more to flour the pan ¾ cup/160 milliliters extra-virgin olive oil ½ cup plus 1 teaspoon/120 grams superfine sugar 1 tablespoon finely grated orange zest (from about 1½ oranges) 1½ tablespoons/7 grams packed finely chopped rosemary leaves 2 large eggs ½ cup/130 grams sour cream 2 teaspoons baking powder ¼ teaspoon salt
For the orange icing: 1½ tablespoons freshly squeezed orange juice 2½ teaspoons freshly squeezed lemon juice 1¾ cups/175 grams sifted confectioners’ sugar 1. At least 6 hours before you plan to ice the cake, prepare the crystallized rosemary: Brush rosemary on all sides with a little of the egg white and then dip it in the sugar, so the needles are lightly coated on all sides. Set aside on a wire rack to dry. Repeat with remaining rosemary. 2. Make the cake: Heat oven to 325 degrees Fahrenheit. Generously grease a 9-inch Bundt pan with half the butter and refrigerate for 10 minutes. Butter again, generously, and then flour it, tapping away the excess. 3. Put olive oil, superfine sugar, orange zest and chopped rosemary leaves in the bowl of an electric mixer fitted with the whisk attachment. Whisk on medium speed until combined, then add eggs, one at a time. Whisk for another minute, until thick, then add sour cream and mix until combined on low speed. Scrape down
the sides of the bowl and the whisk. 4. Sift flour, baking powder and salt together into a small bowl. Add the dry ingredients to the olive oil mixture and mix until combined. Increase speed to high and whisk for 1 minute. 5. Scrape batter into the Bundt pan and smooth the top with a small spatula. Bake for 30 to 35 minutes, or until cake is cooked and a skewer inserted into the middle comes out clean. Remove from oven and let cool for 10 minutes before inverting onto a serving plate. (You may want to trim the cake at this stage, if it rises unevenly, to allow it to sit flat on the plate.) 6. Prepare the icing: In a small bowl, whisk together orange juice, lemon juice and confectioners’ sugar until smooth. When the cake has cooled, drizzle icing on top, allowing it to drip down the sides of the cake, then top with the crystallized rosemary and serve. Note: For the rosemary, you want small, decorative clusters of needles. The simplest way to do this is to pull the smaller, bottommost clumps off of large sprigs, or trim off the very tops of several sprigs.
. ....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
LIME, MINT AND RUM TARTS eggs, 5 yolks and the cornstarch until no lumps remain, and then stir into the cooled lime syrup.
TIME: ABOUT 1 HOUR, PLUS CHILLING YIELD: 12 TARTS
For the pastry: 1 cup/150 grams all-purpose flour, more for rolling out dough 6 tablespoons/80 grams cold unsalted butter, diced 1 tablespoon plus 1 teaspoon/20 grams granulated or superfine sugar ¼ teaspoon salt ¼ teaspoon white wine vinegar 2 tablespoons ice water
5. Add scant 1 inch water to a medium saucepan, bring to a simmer over high heat and reduce the heat to medium. Place the bowl of eggs and syrup over the pan of gently simmering water and whisk continuously for 6 to 8 minutes, or until you have a thick, mousselike curd. Add butter and stir for an additional minute, or just until butter has melted, then remove from heat and set the curd aside to cool for about 10 minutes. Stir reserved herb paste into the curd, cover the surface directly with plastic wrap and refrigerate for at least 1 hour, until completely cool.
For the curd: ½ cup/120 milliliters lime juice (from about 5 to 6 limes), plus the zest of 2 limes, cut in wide strips, avoiding bitter white pith ⅔ cup/120 grams granulated or superfine sugar 1 packed cup/25 grams mint leaves, plus 12 small mint leaves (or regular leaves, shredded just before using) for garnish 2 tablespoons dark rum, plus 1 tablespoon for serving 6 parsley leaves 2 large eggs plus 5 large egg yolks 2 teaspoons cornstarch 7 tablespoons/100 grams cold unsalted butter, diced 1 tablespoon Demerara sugar 1. Make the pastry: Place flour, butter, sugar and salt in the bowl of a food processor. Pulse a few times, until mixture is the consistency of fine bread crumbs, then, with the machine on, slowly add vinegar and ice water. Process for a few seconds, until pastry starts to come together, then dump the dough onto a clean surface. (It will be very sandy.) Gather and pat the dough into a disc that is roughly 1 inch thick. Wrap in plastic wrap and refrigerate for 1 hour, or overnight. 2. While the pastry chills, make the curd. First, make the lime syrup: Bring lime juice and granulated or superfine sugar to a boil in a medium saucepan over high heat. Cook for 1 to 2 minutes, swirling frequently, until sugar has melted, and then boil for another minute. Remove from heat, add lime zest, along with a generous ⅓ cup/10 grams mint leaves, and set aside for 10 minutes to infuse. 3. While the syrup cools, make the herb paste: Pour 2 tablespoons rum into a spice grinder
6. On a lightly floured work surface, tap the chilled pastry all over with a rolling pin to soften slightly before rolling out until 1/16 inch thick, using additional flour sparingly to prevent the dough from sticking. (The dough should be about 1 foot in diameter.) Using a 3½- to 4-inch round cookie cutter, cut out 8 circles and gently ease these into the cups of a muffin tin. (If you use a 4-inch cookie cutter, you'll need to roll the dough very thin.) Press down to fill the cups and press the sides so that the pastry rises to the rim of the cup; doing this will help you fill the tarts generously. Re-roll the remaining pastry to form 4 more circles and transfer to the muffin tin. Chill for at least 1 hour or overnight.
with the parsley (which makes the final tart more vibrantly green) and the remaining scant ⅔ cup/15 grams of the mint. Pulse for about 10 seconds, until a paste forms, scraping down the sides of the work bowl and pulsing and/or shaking the machine again, if necessary. Set aside. (Alternately, you can whirl the herbs in a small food processor until chopped and then reduce the mixture to a paste in a mortar and pestle. Or, finely chop the herbs on a cutting board and, adding a small amount of rum at a time, work the mixture into a paste with the edge of a large knife.) 4. Strain lime syrup into a large heatproof bowl; squeeze the leaves and zest to extract as much flavor as possible and then discard. In a separate large bowl, whisk together 2 whole
7. Heat oven to 350 degrees Fahrenheit. Blind-bake the pastry: Line the pastry shells with either paper muffin liners or squares of parchment paper. Fill with pie weights, rice or dried beans and then bake for 18 minutes, or until the pastry shells are a light golden brown around the edges and inside. Remove the parchment paper liners and weights and return the pastry to the oven for another 6 to 7 minutes, until dark golden brown. Quickly and carefully remove the shells from the muffin tin and set aside to cool completely on a wire rack. 8. To serve the tarts: Spoon 2 to 3 tablespoons (about 40 grams) of the curd into each tart shell, or enough curd to fill the shell up to the rim. Smooth the surface of the curd with the back of a knife. Sprinkle the center of each tart with a pinch of Demerara sugar and then arrange the small mint leaves or shredded mint on top. Finally, drizzle each tart with few drops of the remaining tablespoon of rum.
D8
N
THE NEW YORK TIMES, WEDNESDAY, MARCH 8, 2017