Acknowledgment

I want to extend my profound appreciation to all of the important informant people who directly or indirectly assisted in countless ways throughout the project. I would like to thank my project supervisor Ar. Yam Prasad Rai and Associate Professor Dr. Sanjaya Uprety for the chance to conduct research on the Permeable pavement material for the project work as a part of academic requirement. The critical analysis of the study aims to provide a reference for future academic studies as well as any enthusiast regarding the subject.

I’d would like to express my gratitude to the Department of Architecture for include this Project work as one of the courses for the Master of Science in Energy Efficient Building program. Finally, I would like to thank all of my friends, previous researchers and everyone for their contribution to accomplish the study.

Any feedback to improve the study is always appreciated.

1. Introduction

1.1 Pavement

Pavement is a structure consisting of superimposed layers of processed materials above the natural soil sub-grade. Pavement is a multi-layer system that distributes the vehicular loads over a larger area.

Fig: Natural soil layers

(Source: https://pikeconservation.org/soil-profile/

Pavements form the basic supporting structure in transportation. Each layer of pavement has a multitude of functions to perform which has to be considered during the design process. Different types of pavement can be adopted depending upon the traffic requirements. Improper design of pavements leads to early failure of pavements affecting the natural topography of the soil.

1.2 Sustainable pavement

A sustainable pavement is one that achieves its specific engineering goals while, on a broader scale,

Meets basic human needs, Uses resources effectively, and Preserves/restores surrounding ecosystems.

Sustainability is context sensitive and thus the approach taken is not universal, but rather unique for each pavement application.

(Source: https://constrofacilitator.com/pavementlayer)

2. Rationale of the study

2.1 Need

• (Jelena, et.al, 2017) refers that paving has numerous functions in the cities and often covers more than 30% of the entire urban area within the city.

• Until recently, landslides were only thought to be associated with high intensity rainstorms on steep inclines. However, it was found that the rainfall intensity plays a more important role in increasing the chances for landslides to occur due to the sheer quantity of water draining over a short amount of time.

• These conditions can be exasperated by human development, which alters the drainage path of the rainwater, increasing the likelihood of a landslide (Ozdemir. A, et al. 2008).

• The extent to which subjective and objective perceptions of the street environment complement or overlap each other in influencing property values has not been stressed adequately in the Hedonic Pricing Model (Qiu et.al 2023) which refers to consideration of internal and external values.

2.2 Importance

• The prospect of permeable pavement material (PPM) can help researchers to create more efficient and sustainable streetscapes that can have a positive impact on the environment and the communities they serve.

• This study can provide a reference for decision makers to choose the costeffective and sustainable pavement project.

2.3 Research objective

• To investigate prospect of permeable pavement material in context of street of Patan,Lalitpur.