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NOVEMBER 3, 2010
WHEN THE SUFFRAGETTES WON THE VOTE ROOSEVELT’S ROUGH RIDERS 137 DAYS OF GLORY
DR. ATKINS AND HIS DIET
AMERICAN PATRIOT WHEN THE SUFFRAGETTES WON THE VOTE
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ROOSEVELT’S ROUGH RIDERS
THE FIRST SUPER BOWL A TRADITION IS BORN
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AMERICAN PATRIOT
DR. ATKINS AND HIS DIET
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17 THIS WEEK IN AMERICAN HISTORY
WHEN THE SUFFRAGETTES WON THE VOTE 4 AMERICAN PATRIOT
As Americans went to the polls in this week’s mid-term elections, roughly half of all participants were women. They owe this assumed right to the suffragettes who struggled against many obstacles and prejudices to win the vote with passage in 1920 of the 19th Amendment to the Constitution. In truth, the story of women’s suffrage covered nearly a century. As early as the 1830s, most states — and eventually the Federal government — extended the vote to all white men regardless of how much property and money they had. But women were still seen as interested exclusively in home and family, and were denied the vote. In 1848 a group of activists, initially brought together by their opposition to slavery, gathered in Seneca Falls, NY to discuss the problem of women’s rights. Leaders included Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Lucretia Mott. They came out of that convention demanding equal rights for women, including the right to vote. During the 1850s, the women’s rights movement gathered steam, but lost momentum during and immediately after the Civil War, when attention was understandably elsewhere. Ironically, during this time, former male slaves received the right to vote under the 14th and 15th Amendment.
A blitz campaign that mobilized women all over the country, some militant dramatics by splinter groups such as hunger strikes and picketing of The movement began again, united and in the White House, and the general recognition earnest, in 1890 under the banner of the that women’s efforts during World War I had won National American Woman Suffrage Associa- them respect outside the home, broke down the tion. The battle was long, but by the turn of the final barriers. Over the continued opposition of century the territories of Wyoming and Utah President Woodrow Wilson, the 19th Amendment enfranchised women, and by 1910 many states to the Constitution was ratified and the vote in the West began to extend the vote. finally won on August 26, 1920. CHECK OUT THE FAIR’S WEBSITE FOR VISITOR INFORMATION BIOGRAPHIES OF KEY WOMEN INVOLVED IN THE SUFFRAGE MOVEMENT
137 DAYS OF GLORY
R O O S E V E LT ’ S ROUGH RIDERS 6 AMERICAN PATRIOT
In 1898, the United States went to war against Spain, then a rival for world power, following the sinking of the U.S. Battleship Maine in Havana harbor. Much of the war took place in Cuba, Puerto Rico and the Philippines, Spanish colonies that were already struggling for independence. As hard as it may be to believe, when the Spanish American War began, the U.S. Army was still severely undermanned from the horrific losses of the Civil War that had ended three decades earlier. As a result, President William McKinley called for volunteers to assist in the war effort against the Spanish. Among those responding to the challenge: Teddy Roosevelt and his First United States Volunteer Cavalry Regiment. Roosevelt, who was Assistant Secretary of the Navy in the McKinley Administration, was a leading advocate for the liberation of Cuba. In partnership with Army Doctor and decorated war hero Leonard Wood, he recruited men from all over the country. They were a varied mix of Western cowboys and Indians, and Eastern athletes and elites. The only commonality: they could all ride and shoot and were in good physical condition.
With a very short training period, the Rough Riders, as they came to be known, landed at Daiquiri, Cuba, and just days later entered the Battle of Las Guasimas. As part of a large force assembled to assault on the Spanish fortifications protecting the city of Santiago, Roosevelt on horseback led the Rough Riders and elements of the Ninth and Tenth Regiments of regulars, African-American “buffalo soldiers,” and other units up Kettle Hill. After that hill was captured, Roosevelt, now on foot, led a second charge up the San Juan Heights. He was to forever call this his “crowded moment,” by which he meant his greatest moment. After the capture of San Juan heights, overlooking Santiago, the city surrendered, and the war in Cuba was virtually over. The toll from tropical diseases soon became worse than the losses in battle, and Roosevelt and other officers called for the American troops to be brought home quickly in order to save lives. The Rough Riders, themselves, were shipped to Montauk at the far eastern end of Long Island. There, thanks to Roosevelt’s fame, flamboyance and public relations instincts, the regiment became a favorite of the powerful newspapers of the era and were highlighted for their bravery and daring. It came with a price though: an estimated one-third of those who went to Cuba were killed, wounded or got a tropical disease. The celebrated regiment was mustered out after just 137 days of service in the Army, and Roosevelt’s fame helped him become McKinley’s Vice President and, upon McKinley’s death, the President himself.
SEE RARE FOOTAGE OF TEDDY ROOSEVELT WITH ROUGH RIDER FRIENDS AMERICAN PATRIOT 7
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THE FIRST SUPER BOWL A TRADITION IS BORN As NFL teams start their journey toward the 2011 Super Bowl, here is a surprising fact for people younger than 50: the Super Bowl has a very brief history. In fact, the first game was not held until 1967. The game began as a way for the champions of the two professional leagues of the time, the well-established National Football League (NFL) and the upstart American Football League, (AFL) to determine who was number one and to facilitate their merger into the league we know today.
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A little history. Professional football began in 1920 with the 14-league American Professional Football Association. The APFA became the NFL in 1922, and had no serious competition until 1960, when the AFL became a major power. After years of bitter rivalry, the leagues brokered a merger deal. The merger would be gradual, they decided: for the 1967 season, they’d share a draft and a championship bowl, and by 1970 they would be merged into a single league of 26 teams, the NFL. The NFL was still on top, but this AFL seriously influenced the NFL, unlike its predecessors. High-powered passing strategies and end-zone celebrations are its most durable legacies. The first Super Bowl game itself was played in Los Angeles between the Green Bay Packers, top team of the NFL, and the AFL’s Kansas City Chiefs. Although the contest was officially known as the AFL-NFL World Championship, the Super Bowl name stuck, as did the practice of thinking about the event — Super Bowl Sunday — as a full day of festivities.
Most Valuable Player as he led the Packers to a 35-10 victory over Kansas City. The Packers dominated, asserting the competitive edge of the NFL. It would be Super Bowl III before the tide would turn, when the New York Jets of the AFL defeated the Baltimore Colts, and complete equality between the leagues was established. THREE INTERESTING FACTS ABOUT SUPER BOWL I: 1. The game was not a sell-out. 2. It was televised simultaneously by two networks NBC and CBS since both had broadcast rights to the respective leagues. 3. There was no celebrity half time show as two college marching bands provided the entertainment. It’s all very different today. WATCH VIDEO HIGHLIGHTS OF THE FIRST SUPER BOWL
© BrokenSphere / Wikimedia Commons
The game itself was played at the Memorial Coliseum before 61,946. Quarterback Bart Starr was the first AMERICAN PATRIOT 9
NEW DEAL PHOTOGRAPHERS 10 AMERICAN PATRIOT
DOROTHEA LANGE AND WALKER EVANS The stories of the Great Depression were among the first in American history to be told through the photograph. Confronted with the challenge of documenting the plight of poor farmers, the Farm Security Administration, a New Deal program intended to employ artists and record the activities of the common man, hired young photographers and dispatched them into impoverished rural areas. It would be the photographs of Walker Evans and Dorthea Lange, the best known of the FSA photographers, that would become the basis for how Americans past and present view the Great Depression. Lange is best known for her photograph “Migrant Mother,” (shown left) which is among the most famous American photographs. Coming from a broken home and stricken with Polio at an early age, Lange developed an acute sympathy for the downtrodden. She was commissioned to show rural poverty and the condition of southern sharecroppers. In recalling her experience making the photograph, Lange spoke: “I saw and approached the hungry and desperate mother, as if drawn by a magnet. I do not remember how I explained my presence or my camera to her, but I do remember she asked me no questions... She had just sold the tires from her car to buy food. There she sat in that lean-to tent with her children huddled around her, and seemed to know that my pictures might help her, and so she helped me. There was a sort of equality about it.” Like Lange, Walker Evans was originally employed by the Resettlement Administration, also part of the New Deal. Tapped by the FSA, Evans would embark upon photographic journeys around the South that would produce some of the most moving and evocative photographs of the Depression. His most
recognizable photographs were made in Hale County, Alabama. His works centering on the lives of three farm tenant families were compiled into the groundbreaking book “Let Us Now Praise Famous Men,” which remains popular to this day. Lange and Evans went on to have productive careers and photographic extensively during World War II and subsequent years. Both were inducted into the Halls of Fame of their respective states, and would become respected speakers on their experience during America's period of great hardship. SEE MORE PHOTOS EXECUTED FOR THE FARM SECURITY ADMINISTRATION AMERICAN PATRIOT 11
DR. ATKINS AND HIS DIET 12 AMERICAN PATRIOT
Dr. Robert C. Atkins made American history as the promoter of what may be the most influential weight loss program ever. Indeed, it is estimated that onein-five Americans have tried his low carbohydrate, high fat and protein diet. Though Atkins first raised the theory in 1972, it took nearly two decades for him to popularized the concept with the publication of Dr. Atkins’ New Diet Revolution. This book made him a household name, inspired dozens of spinoff low-carb diets, and sold more than 15 million copies, making it one of the top 50 titles ever published. It spent five years on the New York Times bestseller list. Atkins was born and grew up in Ohio in modest surroundings. A frustrated comedian, he ended up going to medical school at Cornell University. In 1959, Atkins opened his own practice in New York City. As he told it, he began a diet low in carbohydrates in 1963 to counter obesity and depression. After a few weeks on the plan, he lost 27 pounds and became a convert. For the next two decades, Atkins operated an alternative healing clinic far from public view. He did continue to publish, however, and in 1992, his diet book exploded in popularity due, in part, to endorsements by celebrities such as Jennifer Aniston and Brad Pitt. The point of the book — and the diet — is that people should consume as much as two-thirds of their calories from fat and protein, and reduce carbohydrates to a bare minimum. In simple terms, such a diet turns the body from a carbohydrate-burning engine into a fat-burning engine. The result: quick and dramatic weight loss. Larger than life once fame hit, Dr. Atkins saw tens of thousands of patients in his clinic. He also appeared on numerous radio and tv shows, had his own syndicated radio program, and authored the monthly newsletter Dr. Atkins’ Health Revelations. Atkins received the World Organization of Alternative Medicine's Recog-
nition of Achievement Award and was named the National Health Federation's Man of the Year. He was the director of the Atkins Center for Complementary Medicine which he founded in the early 1980s until his death in 2003. Though he won fame and fortune, universal respect eluded him because the Atkins Diet is high in controversy. The amount of meats and fats in the diet is much higher than the American Medical Association recommends, and the diet has been skewered by the AMA, as well as the American Dietetic Association and the American Heart Association. The charges: the diet does not work over the long term, and can cause health problems ranging from bad breath and constipation to osteoporosis and heart problems. Many medical professionals continued to issue a strong recommendation against the Atkins Diet as well as similar lowcarb, high protein regimens such as the Zone, Protein Power, Sugar Busters, and South Beach. His final book, Atkins for Life, tried to blunt the controversy by adding lean meats, some vegetables and exercise to the mix, as well as up to 20 nutritional supplements. After Atkins died in 2003 — of a fall in the snow, not heart disease as some have maintained — scientists have remain divided. Recent studies have shown that low-carb diets do produce weight loss and reduce certain cardiac risk factors. Still, most experts remain concerned that a high-protein, high-fat diet can cause problems for the large segment of the population that is at risk for heart disease. Thus, Dr. Atkins legacy remains a subject of debate.
OFFICIAL RECIPES FOR THE ATKINS DIET AMERICAN PATRIOT 13
QUOTE OF THE WEEK
“If we got one-tenth of what was promised to us in these election acceptance speeches there wouldn't be any inducement to go to heaven.” — WILL ROGERS BELOVED COMEDIAN, HUMORIST, SOCIAL COMMENTATOR, AND COWBOY AT THE PEAK OF HIS INFLUENCE IN THE LATE 1920S AND EARLY 1930S.
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THIS WEEK IN
AMERICAN HISTORY
1967. THE BATTLE OF DAK TO One of the bloodiest battles of the Vietnam War began November 2 and lasted 19 days. Led by Major General William R. Peers, 16,000 Americans and South Vietnam soldiers fought 6,000 troops of the North Vietnamese Army. The North Vietnamese goal was to draw U.S. forces out of the cities into the jungle-covered borderlands near Cambodia. The battle involved many savage confrontations in the hills and ridges. After deploying massive firepower, American and friendly forces drove the North Vietnamese across the border into Cambodia. Together, nearly 2,000 soldiers died during the three weeks. Though a short term victory for the Americans and South Vietnamese, within a year Americans were, in fact, moving out of the cities and having to fight increasingly in the jungles — the initial goal of the North Vietnamese. AMERICAN PATRIOT 15
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