Lincoln Law School | 2013 Voir Dire

2013 Graduation Edition

Voir Dire A Lincoln Law School Publication Since 1977

A Message from Dean Schiavenza

As dean of Lincoln Law School I offer my sincere congratulations to the Class of 2013. You have worked hard, accomplished much, and enriched your lives by exploring the opportunities provided by our school. The bottom line is that you have learned to think like lawyers.

Behind each and every graduate is a story of family and friends who have strengthened and inspired. My congratulations extend to those who have nurtured and supported you. To your family and friends I give my personal thanks. Your support, your encouragement, your sacrifice and your love has been crucial to the success of our graduates.

The Class of 2013 has built a community at Lincoln Law School. Even though most of you were strangers when you began law school you have become friends. You succeeded and failed together, you were intimidated together and you gained confidence together. You helped one another and shared memories and hopes so that by the time of graduation you have found some of your dearest friends and future colleagues. Going forward you possess the power to strengthen those ties with meaning and conviction for decades to come. Your classmates are among the most precious gifts you will take with you from your time at Lincoln Law School. Cherish them.

More than 100 years ago, Oliver Wendell Holmes expressed his belief that no profession was as rewarding as the law. In what other profession, he asked, "does one plunge so deep into the stream of life, to share in its passions, its battles, its despair, its triumph."

So what path do you choose and how deeply do you plunge? Everyone is different.

Some yearn to appear in court, while others are terrified by this possibility. Some will choose not to practice law and will, instead, use their legal education to further other endeavors. The past four years and the next few years will be a voyage in self-discovery, during which you will identify which professional challenges you will take on. Whatever path you take, however, you must remember that the biggest mistake you can make is an ethical lapse. All you have is your reputation. Hold on to it and do not trade it for anything. You can always get another job or another client but you can never get another reputation.

You should act as if everything you do will appear on the front page of the Sacramento Bee. If you would not mind having your families, friends and colleagues read about it then you are likely practicing the right way.

As with all our students, you are prepared to practice upon graduation. You have an excellent legal education that has combined academic rigor with hands on, practical experience and instruction that has prepared you for success. You balanced school, family and work so you are already known, admired and respected for your dedication, strong work ethic, and resourcefulness. Because of all your accomplishments you have a terrific future ahead of you. Great challenges provide great opportunities. Rise to the challenge, be ambitious, take charge and do something that makes the world a better place.

Lincoln Law School of Sacramento opened its doors in 1969 and over 1,000 of its graduates have passed the bar and are licensed to practice law. The dedicated administration and distinguished faculty of Lincoln is proud of each and every one of our graduates and we are especially proud of the Class of 2013. We confidently anticipate your success on the upcoming bar examination and with your careers. I wish you all the best and salute you for all you will do to make your families, friends and Lincoln Law School of Sacramento proud.

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Voir Dire 2013 Graduation Edition

A Note From the Editors

From the editors: Four years ago, we joined the Voir Dire as volunteers to write articles and sell ads. It's tough to believe that after four years, this will be our last publication. Nonetheless, it's been an incredible journey from beginning to end.

The transition from volunteer to editor was not easy as we often found ourselves searching for answers and resources. We thought of an idea to have a professor or staff member serve as an advisor to the Voir Dire to help make the transition seamless from one year to the next. As a result, the Dean pitched the idea at the faculty meeting and we are pleased to announce that Professor Rob Gold has agreed to serve as the Voir Dire faculty advisor.

Professor Gold was a former editor of the Voir Dire as a Lincoln student, and his passion and dedication to serving current students will only help future publications for years to come.

This year, we wanted to change the vision and direction of the Voir Dire.

Although Lincoln does not have a law

review, we felt the need to have more intellectual and law-driven material from Lincoln students. Thus we were compelled to re-introduce the Voir Dire writing competition limiting the articles to issues ranging from recent case law to constitutional law issues.

The contest winners were chosen by the faculty and the articles are published herein.

In addition to having more lawrelated articles, this final publication represents the culmination of four years of hard work and dedication for the Class of 2013. Moreover, this class has endured numerous changes at Lincoln, including two contracts professors, and new evidence and remedies professors.

This class has remained together through the changes and is one of the largest to ever graduate from Lincoln.

Congratulations to the Class of 2013.

We wish you the best of luck on slaying the bar and joining Lincoln's growing list of attorneys and judges.

Lastly, thank you to the Dean, Angela Harlow, and SBA President James Schaefers for their help and guidance in making the Voir Dire possible.

Hopefully this edition inspires current and future Lincoln students to continue producing intellectual and thoughtprovoking material that represents the excellence of Lincoln Law School.

Lisa Sotelo and Peter Khang Editors of the Voir Dire

CONGRATULATIONS CLASS OF 2013!

Lincoln Law School of Sacramento

“That some achieve great success, is proof to all

that others can achieve

�

it as well.

~ Abraham Lincoln

Table of Contents

1 2 3 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 12 14 15 30

A Message from the Dean A Note From the Editors Turn an Internship into a Job Valedictorian Essay

An Amazing Year in Pictures

Student Basketball and Barrister's Ball

Get Creative to Gain Experience Salutatorian Essay

The Lady Behind the Glass Window Professor of the Year Honorable Curtis Fiorini Judge Gevercer Takes His Seat Alumnus of the Year Judge Tami Bogert Delta Theta Phi Writing Contest Winner Writing Contest Runner Up Words of Wisdom from Judge Emily Vasquez Graduation Messages A Message from the SBA President

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Turn an Internship into a Job Written by 2013 Valedictorian Kimberly Chapman The ultimate goal after graduation for many of us is to find a job as an attorney.

This can seem a daunting prospect but there are ways to find and create opportunities.

Talk to Lawyers

I am fortunate to have several friends who are practicing attorneys. During my first year of law school, a friend offered me an "unofficial" internship, working one day a week for the California Department of Social Services. It was an excellent way for me to "get my feet wet" and learn some basics about practicing law for a state agency. I also "shadowed" a friend throughout his workday to see if his practice area was a good fit for me.

You may not have lawyer friends, but everyone who attends Lincoln Law School has access to lawyers, our professors. The amazing professors and staff at Lincoln Law School are a great resource for career advice and internship opportunities. I have found them to be open about their fields of practice and their career experiences.

Membership and mentorship programs are another great way to meet practicing lawyers. Students can join the Sacramento County Bar Association for only $25 per year. Your membership includes invitations to lunches, mixers, cocktail parties and continuing education in certain practice areas. Also, Lincoln Law School participates in a Superior Court Mentorship Program which links interested students with Superior Court Judges.

Work for Free

It took me several unpaid internships, in various areas of law, but I finally found a paid position in criminal law. When I look back, my internships seem random and unrelated but I seized the opportunities that were available, growing in confidence and skill along the way.

The school periodically sends out internship opportunities but don't be afraid to create your own opportunities by asking lawyers or firms if they need free help. Unpaid internships are a great way to gain experience and make connections with practicing lawyers. However, treat your internship like a paid job with future potential because it just might be! Even

if your firm or department is not hiring, lawyers talk and will not hesitate to recommend an intelligent and reliable intern. One opportunity may lead to another so get out there and start making a reputation as a hardworking intern.

Work on Your Writing Skills

Research

and

Because we are not yet lawyers, interns are limited in the work that we may competently produce on our own. Most of my internships have included a significant amount of research and writing. This includes drafting memoranda with wellwritten legal arguments and accurate case citations. My writing has gotten stronger with practice but it took a lot of work.

When you are assigned a task, ask if there are samples that you can look at and learn from. If you are not comfortable with legal research, take advantage of the tutorials provided by Westlaw. Learn how to accurately cite cases. Also, create a portfolio of legal writing samples to provide to potential internships and future employers. Lawyers advocate on paper so sharpen these skills!

An Amazing Year in Pictures Student Basketball Game

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Voir Dire 2013 Graduation Edition

Get Creative to Gain Experience Written by 2013 Salutatorian Lisa Sotelo

Getting through law school is a huge achievement! In this time of competitive employment, it has become increasingly important to gain real life practical experience as well. How is it possible if you are also working full time? Get creative! I decided to start law school 5 years into my established insurance career.

Quitting, finding a lesser paying entry level legal position, or working part time were not options. I was really starting to feel disadvantaged in making myself marketable as an attorney. So, I got creative.

We regularly receive emails about potential paid and unpaid internships. During my third year, we received an email from a small private firm needing an intern. I had no idea how I'd be able to do an internship while working but I decided to meet with the firm anyway. The partners were more than flexible and were open to allowing me to handle research during evenings and on weekends. I figured I would be able to do some observing during my lunch hour or take vacation time. Ultimately, I realized the internship would not give me the biggest bang for my buck but know that firms are flexible if you ask.

I next decided to ask my employer if they'd be willing to allow me to, temporarily, go to a part time schedule for a couple of months so that I could do an internship. I honestly didn't think they'd go for it but you never know until you ask. My company made it work and I was able to intern two days per week for the Placer County Public Defender's Office for over two months. I had to save up

to afford this reduced work schedule but I can attest that this is the best way to gain experience if you are not currently in the legal field. I drafted motions and responses, conducted a couple of hearings and learned how important the Rules of Evidence are.

Whatever you choose, your time is invaluable so make sure it is the right opportunity for you.

I would also suggest seeking opportunities within your current role to gain experience. I frequently offered to do insurance research projects and anything else at my company that caused me to interact with attorneys in our office. A Compliance position became available and I jumped at the opportunity to expand my legal knowledge. Volunteer opportunities are also available in the Sacramento community such as the One Day Divorce Program or legal clinics on weekends.

And finally, use the resources you have. I personally didn't know established attorneys before law school. I have met them through connections with co-workers, Lincoln and (randomly) my masseuse. I've been participating in the Judge Mentorship program for the past two years with Judge Christopher Krueger who has provided sound advice on how to build a solid reputation and life advice in general. He helped me realize the importance of gaining experience. I will not start applying for attorney positions until after the bar but I have met several influential people that who provided great advice and can help me navigate my career in the future. Whatever it takes!

Lincoln Law School congratulates Professor of Business Organizations,

Barrister's Ball

Judge Troy L. Nunley, on his confirmation by the

United States Senate as a federal judge for the Eastern District of California.

Lincoln Law School of Sacramento

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The Lady Behind the Glass Window Written by Lucy Sarkisyan - Class of 2016

As we walk through the front doors of Lincoln, there sits a lady behind the glass window. We know this lady as Angela, yet I have always been confused about her name. The e-mails from the Registrar are from "Angelia," not Angela, so I had to ask about the different spelling.

its student body, she was able to share some memorable stories: When Angelia began working at Lincoln, she was a very young woman and the interaction with lawyers and judges on the faculty intimidated her. One evening, Judge Warriner arrived for class and sat in

Mrs. Harlow shared the story of her name with me. From birth until the age of sixteen, everyone called her Angela. She even spelled her name as Angela. Before Angela took her driver's exam, her mother had to present her birth certificate to the DMV. It was then that Angela noticed her name was misspelled. However, it was not a typo because her legal name is in fact "Angelia."

When Angelia confronted her mother, her mother stated, "Yep, that's how you spell your name." Angelia wonders why her parents never corrected her when she was learning to write her name. Since then, she has written her name as "Angelia" but everyone still calls her Angela.

Angelia, a wife of twenty years and a mother to a 14-year old daughter and two stepdaughters, will be celebrating her 25 Year Anniversary at Lincoln Law School of Sacramento. In April of 1988, when Lincoln had an opening for the "Night Shift" as Angelia calls it, she applied to become the administrative assistant at Lincoln.

She eventually held the position of registrar in 1988. As a result, for a quarter of a century, Angelia has dedicated herself to the law school and the hundreds of students and alumni who have attended. During her tenure she has seen approximately 2,300 students begin, watched almost 1,000 students graduate, and worked closely with five deans.

As we look back at Mrs. Harlow's numerous years of service to Lincoln Law School and

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Angelia Harlow a chair across from Angelia. They began a serious conversation and at some point, Judge Warriner settled down in his chair, crossed his legs, leaned back and reached back to place his hands behind his head.

Suddenly, Judge Warriner's chair slipped out from underneath him and he landed flat on his back. Angelia burst out laughing and could not control herself. She got up to help him, but laughter is always a great way to break the ice.

Another story that stands out is the infamous "holographic will" exam. A few days before the Wills final, Professor Guthrie submitted his exams to the office.

While proofreading the exam, Angelia

noticed that Professor Guthrie had written in some additional words on one of the questions. She figured he had wanted to make the handwritten additions, so Angelia retyped the question with his handwritten notes.

When Professor Guthrie picked up the student exam answers, he was surprised to learn that his handwritten sentence no longer appeared because Angelia had retyped his questions. Angelia then found out that Professor Guthrie was trying to create the image of a "holographic will," or a handwritten will on the exam. For grading purposes, Professor Guthrie was forced to throw that part of the exam out and it has been a running joke since then.

Professor Guthrie never hands his exams to Angelia any longer.

Having the opportunity to meet and talk with Angelia has helped me realize that the staff at Lincoln is very welcoming and eager to help students. When asked how she feels about the upcoming graduation, Angelia says that each graduation is bitter sweet. She stated that, "We build a relationship with the students. Some more than others, but we all watch, listen, interact, laugh, grieve, and admire their determination and tenacity in this dream."

So on graduation day they are both happy to see the graduates celebrating their accomplishment, but also sad to say goodbye."

Here are some last words Angela wanted to share with the student body: " 1Ls: Get rid of your social life.

2Ls: You thought first year was hard...

3Ls: Yes, you're going to make it.

4Ls: Enjoy it. It's going to go by fast."

Congratulations to the lady behind the glass window for her 25 years of hard work and dedication to Lincoln Law School.

Voir Dire 2013 Graduation Edition

Professor of the Year: Honorable Curtis Fiorini

Written by Gabriel Campos - Class of 2013

"The only thing to do with good advice is to pass it on. It is never of any use to oneself." - Oscar Wilde.

The graduating class of 2013 has selected the Honorable Curtis Fiorini as Lincoln Law School's Professor of the Year. Judge Fiorini began teaching Evidence just last year. He replaced longtime professor, Judge Peterson, who had been teaching at Lincoln since 1978.

Judge Fiorini is married with children and is presently serving as Sacramento Superior Court Judge. Although he is constantly busy, Judge Fiorini believes in the concept of "leaving work at work" to ensure that he spends quality time with his family. He states that he is fortunate to have a great family who help him keep focused on maintaining a balanced life. When asked what his goals are in the near future, he responded:

Judge

"I am very fortunate to be where I am now. I am at a place in my career where hard work and opportunities have paid off. I hope to continue to teach at Lincoln for a very long time. My goal is to become a better instructor and to continue to learn more. I want to help as many students as I can Curtis Fiorini to become terrific lawyers.

My goals are to continue to balance a healthy family life with a successful legal career."

Judge Fiorini was not expecting to win the award after just one year of teaching at Lincoln. However, he has enjoyed his current stay at Lincoln and is pleased with the response of students.

The Class of 2013 applauds Judge Fiorini's passion for teaching and his innovative teaching style. He often uses his iPad in class to show movie clips to explain rules of evidence. When asking Judge Fiorini about his teaching methods and how they came about, he responded:

Lincoln Law School of Sacramento

"My teaching method consists of a combination of the Socratic Method and lectures. I try to have a style of teaching that makes my students comfortable. As a law school student, I always found myself learning more in those classes where I was not worried about being embarrassed in front of the class. I think a comfortable learning environment goes a long way. I also believe that a fun and entertaining lecture and discussion engages the student more. I enjoy using movie clips and slides in my lectures that help students visualize concepts or legal rules. Evidence is one of those classes that lends itself more easily to examples found in TV shows and movies. I believe it is an effective way to present hypotheticals that stimulate discussion in classes.�

Not only does Judge Fiorini use his iPad, he also shares cases that he has worked on that relate to class. Judge Fiorini sees the benefit of sharing with the class any real life experience that involve a rule or case that is being discussed in class. These stories provide real examples to the students and are an effective teaching tool.

Though Judge Fiorini had not taught Evidence prior to teaching at Lincoln, he has taught Contracts, Legal Writing and Civil Procedure to students at Humphrey's College of Law in Stockton. He has also taught Criminal Law at American River College.

Although preparation for class requires a lot of time, Judge Fiorini enjoys teaching. With a year under his belt, his preparation for his second year remains unchanged. However, he does spend less time reading cases and more time reviewing last year's lectures and finding ways to improve them.

Recognizing that hard work always pays off, Judge Fiorini will continue to do the best job that he can. The Professor of the Year award is very special to him and he is honored to be recognized among so many great professors at Lincoln.

Judge Fiorini's advice to all law school students: "Try to keep a balance between your home life, work life and school life. Of course, it is different for every student. Keep the big picture in mind. Set time aside to spend with your family and friends.�

Congratulations to Judge Fiorini on being the 2013 Professor of the Year.

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Judge Gevercer Takes His Seat Written by Angelina Singer- Class of 2015 The faculty, staff, and students of Lincoln Law School are extremely proud of Professor Gevercer and especially pleased with his appointment to the Sacramento Superior Court Bench this year. For the past 12 years Professor Gevercer has been a treasure to Lincoln, teaching Civil Procedure and receiving the Professor of the Year award in 2011. He is known throughout Sacramento's legal community as a just and respectable colleague, professor and citizen.

him preside over a couple of cases in the misdemeanor unit.

He displayed patience with young attorneys as well as anxious litigants while maintaining a no-nonsense control of his courtroom.

During the interview Gevercer shared that

Seeking an opportunity to glean advice from him, I asked for some wisdom he might impart on law students and in our careers. His answer: "Follow your passion. Be practical. Seek out trusted mentors and take opportunities when they present themselves without being afraid of change." Though the official process took place within a year's time, the road to becoming a judge has been a career long set of principled life decisions by Judge Gevercer. He recommends that as we pursue our own careers that we always take the high road in making choices both personally and professionally, working to build and maintain a good ethical reputation.

Professor Gevercer's investiture ceremony took place in January at the Sacramento Board of Supervisors. Testimonials to his character and exemplary record of service to the Sacramento community were given by those who worked closely with him over the years and who know him best, with each person describing common characteristics of Judge Gevercer's humility, dedication, fairness, and desire to serve.

The ceremony provided an unexpected complimentary nod to Lincoln Law School as one by one, four of the five esteemed speakers that evening made a point of mentioning their connections to Lincoln, including Presiding Judge Laurie M. Earl, a Lincoln alumnus.

Comments were provided by Dean Schiavenza, a personal friend and colleague of Judge Gevercer, who attested to the extensive experience that Gevercer has in trial practice, evidence, criminal, civil and administrative law, the legislative process and alternative dispute resolution, as well as his impartiality and professionalism.

Surrounded by friends, family, colleagues and members of the Sacramento Judiciary, Judge Gevercer was sworn in by the Honorable Vance W. Raye, Presiding Justice of the Third District Court of Appeal, who continued the Lincoln theme and proudly mentioned that he is a former professor at Lincoln.

I recently had the opportunity to interview Judge Gevercer in his chambers at the Gordon D. Schaber Sacramento County Courthouse. Arriving early for our appointment, I was able to observe

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Judicial Nominee Evaluation Process began and lasted for approximately one year wherein the nominees are evaluated and vetted by the Sacramento County Bar. He was interviewed and subsequently received the life-changing phone call informing him that he was to be appointed to the Superior Court Bench.

Judge Steven Gevercer an important turning point in his life was his decision to make a career change after spending 12 years practicing criminal law.

He describes his switch from the Public Defender's Office to the Civil Division of the Attorney General's office as opening significant opportunities for meeting and learning from inspiring role models as well as providing new prospects for service.

Judge Gevercer began to have aspirations of becoming a part of the judiciary eleven years ago while in Washington D.C. on a business trip for the AG's office. Upon visiting the United States Supreme Court he found inspiration in reading the inscription on the face of the building, “Equal justice for all.� It was at this moment that he felt the calling and began to believe that at some point in his career he needed to be in a position that would allow him to serve and participate in achieving equal justice for all.

After submitting his name to Governor Brown for consideration in 2012, the

His new position has meant making some changes in his life, including leaving his 15 year career at the Office of the Attorney General. Luckily for the Lincoln community Professor Gevercer has thus far been able to juggle his roles as Judge and Professor, and intends to continue teaching Civil Procedure. He has had to step down from his volunteer position at Legal Services; a non-profit law firm that has valued his service for an unprecedented 18 years.

Executive director Gary Smith was reluctant to see him leave, but agreed that Gevercer was the perfect appointee to serve the Sacramento community as a fair and honest judge.

The sacrifices that have come with the job have been balanced with what he considers the rewarding opportunity of a lifetime. Judge Gevercer feels blessed to be able to serve his community in this new capacity. Though his title has changed and his impact on society has greatened, the Honorable Steven Gevercer remains true to his character, relating that he feels grateful and humble every day he serves.

Voir Dire 2013 Graduation Edition

Lincoln Alumna of the Year: Judge Tami Bogert

Written by Lisa Sotelo - Class of 2013

After meeting with Judge Tami Bogert, it was immediately apparent why Lincoln Law School chose her as our Alumna of the Year for 2013. Judge Bogert is an extremely hard worker and is humble and appreciative of every opportunity she's had. She was disappointed she couldn't provide me with a monumental life change that brought about her decision to go to law school but I thought her actual story was perfect and something to which former and current students can all relate.

Judge Bogert found herself about to graduate from Sacramento State University with a degree in Criminal Justice at 21 years old. Looking back, her undergraduate years seemed to fly by and she was suddenly faced with making that ever important career decision. Influenced by her parents who are both in law enforcement, law school came to mind. Judge Bogert planned on working while going to school and wanted an affordable choice. The idea of mounds of debt was overwhelming and what if she ended up not liking law?

What if she didn't make it?

She found Lincoln the way many of us did.

Judge

It was funny to hear Judge Bogert talk about Tami Bogert being concerned that she wouldn't make it, seeing that her career has been so successful. She recounts a horror story from her Contracts exam. Thinking the typewriters would distract her, she wore earplugs for the first time. This actually was more distracting to her and she ended up answering only 3 of the 4 exam questions. She thought that was it, she would never make it and sweated for weeks waiting for grades.

Obviously, she passed but will never forget that mistake (and likely never wear earplugs again).

Finding herself again about to graduate in 1996, Judge Bogert didn't feel drawn to any particular type of law.

That is one thing that has worked very much in her favor – being open to any opportunity and not limiting herself. Upon graduating, her resume included coaching

Lincoln Law School of Sacramento

gymnastics and participating in two internships she had found through Lincoln. Her internship experience was mainly writing complaints at a personal injury firm and litigation support such as record production for the Attorney General's office. Judge Bogert believes that all experience is good experience even if you don't think so at the time because it either helps you rule out what you don't want to do or it leads to future opportunities.

Through the people she met and relationships she built during her internships, she was encouraged to apply for an analyst position in the Governor's Legal Affairs office after law school. Judge Bogert made a lasting impression on the interviewer and got the job that launched her career. In that position, she learned about so many different areas of law and found it especially interesting to learn the interworking of government, particularly the legislative and executive branches.

Her position in the Governor's Legal Affairs Office led to her work for the California District Attorneys Association (CDAA). The CDAA is a source of continuing legal education and legislative advocacy for its membership. She was the Project Attorney for Violence Against Women and later the Publications Director and Supervising Attorney for the CDAA. The CDAA produces more than 80 publications annually including trialpractice manuals, legal journals, newsletters and white papers to support California prosecutors. Judge Bogert returned to the Governor's Legal Affairs Office during Governor Arnold Schwarzenegger's tenure and then served as General Counsel for the Public Employment Relations Board. Judgeship seemed like an unrealistic dream at first but she decided to seriously think about it after her second stint in the Legal Affairs office. She decided to not hold back and at least try. The process of applying was a learning experience in itself.

Judge Bogert was appointed to the bench in December of 2010. She was appointed on the same day as our own Evidence Professor Judge Curtis Fiorini. Since the position is technically an elected position, your seat is safe unless challenged at the next local election. Judge Bogert was one of the unlucky ones to be challenged in 2012 but defeated her opponent on June 5, earning 70% of the vote. She attributes much of her success to luck – being in the right place at the right time. After meeting with Judge Bogert, her success is obviously not the result of luck. She is charming, dependable, grounded and when she has ever felt lacking in experience, she makes up for it in hard work. The Lincoln Law School Class of 2013 is honored to have her as our Alumna of the Year.

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Introducing Delta Theta Phi Written by Samantha Cypret - Class of 2014

Delta Theta Phi is a professional legal fraternal organization committed to providing a spirit of cooperation by offering an opportunity for lawyers and law students to promote their personal, professional, and intellectual growth through networking, leadership training, scholarship, guidance, and a collective responsibility to the fraternity and the future of the legal profession.

Delta Theta Phi is the only law fraternity that publishes its own authoritatively recognized law review, The Aldelphia.

Delta Theta Phi has an extensive international membership with some very prestigious alumni.

Some prominent members of Delta Theta Phi include: Lyndon B. Johnson, Calvin Coolidge, J. Edgar Hoover, Dan Rather, John Grisham, Oliver Wendall Holmes, and Sandra Day O'Conner.

In 1982, the Earl Warren Senate was chartered at Lincoln Law School. However, membership waned and our Senate became inactive. In 2010, we were able to re-commission our charter and now enjoy the benefits of having an organization to help build school character and camaraderie within the student body. The goal of Delta Theta Phi is to help members succeed both in law school and after graduation. While success in the classroom is very important, it does not always equate to success in the legal world. The contacts and friends we make now will catapult us towards success in the future.

During the 2012-2013 school year, our chapter has continued to grow and thrive. Our membership is now over 60 members. We started the school year off with our 2nd annual Poker Tournament at the Limelight Bar and Card room. The tournament, once again, sold out and it was a huge success. Players competed for a variety of prizes generously donated by local businesses as well as a beautiful championship trophy and a, slightly less beautiful, "first out" award. As midterms grew near, we turned our focus back to academics.

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Delta Theta Phi hosted Question and Answer seminars prior to the Contracts, Torts, and Criminal Law midterms.

Upperclassmen shared their strategy, test taking tips, and outlines with first-year students. To help prepare for our legal careers after graduation, Delta Theta Phi hosts quarterly speaker events. During these events, legal professionals share insight and advice on their own law school experiences and legal careers. Thus far, we have been honored to host Justice Lisa O'Brien, Chris Wood, and most recently, Justin Gingery.

As the school year drew to a close, Delta Theta Phi hosted our 2nd annual bowling tournament.

Professors, students, and families came out to Country Club Lanes for an afternoon of bowling and fun. Ray Harrington, Jr. (2016) took home the prize for the highest overall score and Mike Mendosa (2017) knocked down the most strikes. While Dean Schiavenza and Lucy Sarkisyan (2015) had a slightly less successful afternoon, taking home the awards for lowest score and most gutter balls respectively.

Our senate will be well represented this August at the Delta Theta Phi National Conference in Bloomington, Minnesota. We are sending two delegates, Ryan Davis (2015) and Carly Stockman (2014). They will share more information about our events and learn about other senates' successful programming. Our delegates will also participate in various workshops, conferences, and events alongside delegates and alumni from law schools all over the world.

The Earl Warren Senate of Delta Theta Phi had a wonderful school year. We thank everyone for their ongoing support. We look forward to continuing to grow and expand our membership. If you would like more information about future events or membership, please email LincolnDTP@gmail.com.

Voir Dire 2013 Graduation Edition

Reasonable Expectations in Resolving Title Insurance Disputes Written by Duncan J. Purcell - Class of 2014

When the excavator ruptures a sewer line in the backyard, and construction on the new swimming pool spews to a slimy, noxious halt, the reason for buying title insurance suddenly becomes clear: those buckets of waste who insured us are going to pay.

Sometimes the gut reaction that accompanies many insurance claims is justified by the insured's reasonable expectations. Sometimes not. Regardless, people sue insurance companies for denial of their claims a lot, routinely alleging bad faith denial of coverage, breach of contract and various stripes of negligence. It's a vicissitude of the business that holds especially true for title insurers, whose non-compulsory policies insure the largest investment that most people ever make: the purchase of a home. But ask the average homebuyer what title insurance does and oblivion will be the average answer, fueling the question of whether the insured could form a reasonable expectation in the first place. First-time homebuyers often don't even realize that they purchased a title policy until it arrives in the mail. And it is quickly forgotten in the excitement of moving into their new house, where painting projects and the new pool take priority over deeds and legal mumbo jumbo. Forgotten that is, until the smell of effluent and the neighbor's angry demands for the repair of his pipeline become unbearable.

I. REASONABLE EXPECTATIONS Like most insurance products, title policies are complex adhesion contracts. When the insured tenders a claim, it goes first to a claims attorney who, importantly, represents the company's interest, not the insured's.

The attorney analyzes the facts, reviews the coverage provided, and then decides whether or not the insurer is bound under the terms of the policy to defend the insured's title against the claimed attack. Denials often breed a confluence of anger and confusion arising from disagreement over what the contract does and doesn't do, and whether the insured had a reasonable expectation of coverage under the policy. But what makes an insured's expectations reasonable? A difficult question.

Fortunately, two recent California appellate cases illuminate the role that reasonable expectations play in resolving title insurance disputes, and provide some guidance to attorneys who represent the parties. In Lee v. Fidelity National Title Ins. Co. (2010) 188 Cal.App.4th 583, the court found that the insured's reasonable expectations outweighed the insurer's express policy

Lincoln Law School of Sacramento

provisions. Conversely, in Kwok v. Transnation Title Ins. Co. (2009) 170 Cal.App.4th 1562, summary judgment for the insurer was upheld when the insureds extinguished their title coverage while acting in good faith with a reasonable belief that they had done nothing to violate the terms of their policy. These cases are explored below.

II. THE TITLE INSURANCE PRODUCT Unlike auto insurers, who anticipate the unpredictable future, title insurers search backwards in time for discoverable events in the chain of title to real property.

This research forms the basis for the insurer's opinion as to the current ownership of the land, liens that may attach, and whether any interests exist that "run with the land" adverse to the interest of the buyer: easements, real covenants, and so forth. Having searched the record, the insurer issues a preliminary report describing the land in question and disclosing the conditions upon which the insurer agrees to indemnify the buyer for loss. Buyers read and approve the "prelim" before escrow closes. After closing, the buyer receives a policy insuring her good title to the land, subject to those record matters disclosed in the policy. If the insurer has done its job properly, no unknown third party will later surface with an enforceable interest adverse to the buyer's title. However, if the buyer becomes apprised of an undisclosed interest in the land after she's taken possession, such as an undisclosed sewer line where she planned to put her pool, then the insured has a claim against her policy for the diminution in value that the interest represents. If her deed were to completely fail, she could recoup her entire purchase price.

III. POLICY AMBIGUITY The title insurer took a well-deserved left hook to the jaw from the California Court of Appeal in Lee v.

Fidelity National Title Ins. Co., supra, 188 Cal.App.4th 583. Karen Lee received a preliminary report in 1990 from Fidelity National Title in contemplation of purchasing waterfront property in Solano County.

The prelim identified the address of the property using two Assessor's Parcel Numbers (APNs). The legal description of the land, however, relied upon metes and bounds, which is the language of surveying, generally indecipherable by those untrained to read it. Below the description, Fidelity placed both APNs, indicating that the description covered the two contiguous parcels, only one of which had water frontage. Fidelity also reflected the tax bills for both APNs as matters affecting the subject property. Lastly, Fidelity attached an Assessor's map to Lee's policy containing arrows that pointed to each of the parcels. The map included a disclaimer that said the map was "not a part of the

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policy or report to which it is attached." (Id. at p. 588.)

After purchasing the property and paying property taxes on both parcels for 16 years, Lee discovered, when she attempted to sell the property, that the waterfront parcel was not actually included within the metes and bounds description of her land. The land in fact was traceable to the neighbor's chain of title. Since her title policy led her to believe that she had purchased both APNs, Lee tendered a claim for a defense of her title to the waterfront parcel. Fidelity denied her claim, defending its decision on the grounds that (1) the policy covered only the land lying within the legal description, whatever it was, and (2) the disclaimer clearly stated that the map was not part of the policy.

This defense failed to persuade the court. Ambiguities in insurance policies are construed in the insured's favor "in order to give effect to the insured's objectively reasonable expectations." (Lee v. Fidelity National Title Ins. Co., supra, 188 Cal.App.4th at p. 598.) Lee didn't create the ambiguity: Fidelity did. Although the language in the description failed to include the waterfront parcel within the insured estate, everything else in the policy indicated that the waterfront parcel was included. Lee, an ordinary purchaser of property, could not be expected to understand survey speak.

Since the insurer had created the ambiguity, equity demanded that Lee's expectation of coverage for both APNs should withstand Fidelity's map disclaimer and the limitation of coverage to the lands lying within the description. As the court observed, "In determining what benefits or duties an insurer owes his insured pursuant to a contract of title insurance, the court may not look to the words of the policy alone, but must also consider the reasonable expectations of the public and the insured." (Id. at p. 595.)

IV. BREACH OF CONTRACT When juxtaposed against Lee, the reasonable expectations of the insured in Kwok v. Transnation Title Ins. Co., supra, 170 Cal.App.4th 1562, don't seem remarkably different on the surface. But in Kwok, the court held for the insurer.

In April 2004, Patrick and Maria Kwok formed Mary Bell LLC, a California limited liability company (the LLC), to purchase investment property on Mary Bell Avenue in Los Angeles. The Kwoks were the only members of the LLC. They received a title policy insuring the LLC's ownership of both the parcel itself and an appurtenant sewer easement that later became the subject of a claim when the servient neighbor prevented their use of the easement. The policy expressly defined the insured party as "the insured named in Schedule A… and… those who succeed to the interest of the named insured by operation of law." It further stated that coverage would continue in force "only so long as the insured retains an estate or interest in the land." (Kwok v. Transnation Title Ins. Co., supra, at p. 1565.) The only insured named in Schedule A of the policy was Mary Bell LLC.

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Deciding to dissolve the LLC, Mr. Kwok executed a grant deed in September 2005 to convey the property from the LLC to himself and Ms. Kwok as trustees of their 1996 revocable trust. Three months later, they filed a certificate of cancellation with the California Secretary of State formally dissolving the LLC. Unfortunately for the Kwoks, the deed into their trust proved fatal to their insurance. The policy was unambiguous: a voluntary conveyance would extinguish their coverage and the insurer would have no further duty to defend. When Transnation determined that the LLC no longer held title at the time the claim was filed, and that the deed into the Kwoks' trust was voluntary, Transnation denied the claim, essentially saying, "We don't know you. We insured the LLC." Kwok argued that Transnation denied their claim in bad faith because the Kwoks had not sold or conveyed the property to a third party and their proportional interest was the same as it was with the LLC. The Kwoks remained the same human owners of the property. If this isn't a reasonable expectation, perhaps nothing is.

However, the court found significant flaws with the Kwoks' reasoning. Their membership in the LLC was as individuals, not as trustees of a trust. With a dissolution of the LLC, the assets would have devolved by operation of law to the Kwoks as individuals and their policy would have remained in effect. They violated the terms of the policy by deeding their title to a stranger – the trust – instead of letting dissolution pass title by operation of law. Equally damaging, their argument ignored the purpose of a limited liability company. An LLC enjoys a separate legal existence from its members. This legal fiction insulates members from personal liability for the debts and obligations incurred by the LLC. Kwok argued, unpersuasively, that the LLC, the trust estate, and the Kwoks individually were all harmless alter egos for the same insured named under the policy. But the court replied, in effect, "An LLC is an entity distinct from its members and from the estate of a family trust, with each having certain legal advantages and disadvantages. You can't have it both ways whenever it conveniently suits your purpose."

V. IMPACT ON INSURERS AND INSUREDS The Lee and Kwok cases show that insurers and insureds are both entitled to rely on certain reasonable expectations. Courts rightfully hold contractual ambiguities against the insurer when they conflict with the insured's reasonable expectations. But a willful breach of the contractual conditions by the insured violates the insurer's right to expect the terms of the policy to control, however reasonably the insured believes she acted. Such breach may expose her to a title nightmare of septic proportions. Prudent lawyers will advise their clients to contact their title insurer before executing any documents that may affect the title to their property.

Voir Dire 2013 Graduation Edition

Standing for Climate Change: The Supreme Court Finds a Way

Written by Kenneth Dell - Class of 2014

Not often does human activity cause a significant alteration of the global climate. But today there is a general consensus that greenhouse gases emissions are causing global warming, and that the effects will persist long after the emissions occurred.1 While the scale of the problem is alarming, the conclusions are, to some extent, uncertain. With the most severe effects still in the future, the question arises whether the courts can provide an effective response to those adversely affected. This paper examines the response of the Supreme Court to one attempt to mitigate this problem, in Massachusetts et al. v. Environmental Protection Agency et al (2007) 549 U.S. 497. In a flexible approach to standing, the Court found a justiciable question in whether the Environmental Protection Agency (E.P.A.) should be required to regulate greenhouse gas emissions from new motor vehicles, alleged to cause climate change and injury to the Commonwealth of Massachusetts, from rising sea levels.

GREENHOUSE GASES IN THE ATMOSPHERE The greenhouse gases carbon dioxide, methane, and nitrous oxide are considered "long lived" and "well-mixed" in the atmosphere, meaning they achieve nearly uniform concentration in atmosphere. Carbon dioxide persists in the atmosphere for up to 200 years.2 It follows that all emissions within a certain time span have a similar and cumulative effect, no matter when or where the source emissions occurred. Elements of standing would seem to be difficult to prove, since a litigant could not show with any degree of specificity that the challenged conduct led to a particular injury.

THE PETITION FOR RULEMAKING Nineteen environmental groups petitioned the E.P.A. in 1999 for rulemaking to regulate greenhouse gases emissions from motor vehicles under the Clean Air Act (C.A.A. or the Act). The Act provides that "The Administrator shall ... prescribe ...standards applicable to the emission of any air pollutant from ...new motor vehicles ... which in his judgment cause, or contribute to, air pollution which may reasonably be anticipated to endanger public health or welfare." (Clean Air Act, § 202(a) (1), 42 U.S.C. § 7521(a)(1).)

The Act defines air pollutant as "any air pollution agent or combination of such agents, including any physical, chemical, biological, radioactive ... substance or matter which is emitted into or otherwise enters the ambient air." (42 U.S.C. § 7602(g).) The Act defines "effects on welfare" to include "...effects on soils, water, crops, vegetation, manmade materials, animals, wildlife, weather,

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visibility, and climate..." (42 U.S.C. § 5602(h).) This definition shows that Congress explicitly intended E.P.A. to have authority to regulate effects on climate.

The E.P.A. concluded the Act did not confer authority to regulate greenhouse gases emissions, because, according to the E.P.A., it was not the intent of Congress to classify greenhouse gases as air pollutants. Relying on a National Research Council Report statement that a causal link between greenhouse gases and global average temperatures could not be unequivocally established (Massachusetts v. E.P.A., supra, 549 U.S. 497, 513), E.P.A. explained it would refuse to regulate greenhouse gases even if it had authority. It also wanted to avoid conflict with programs administered by other agencies, such as the Department of Transportation fuel efficiency regulations, and other programs for voluntary reductions. (Ibid.)

In 2003, Massachusetts, eleven other states, and environmental organizations sued the E.P.A. in the Court of Appeals, District of Columbia Circuit, for denial of the 1999 petition. In a two to one decision, the Court of Appeals upheld the E.P.A. denial of rulemaking, without ruling on the standing issue.

THE CASE BEFORE THE SUPREME COURT Standing Standing under Article III of the Constitution requires that the complainant has suffered an injury-in-fact, fairly traceable to the challenged action, and likely to be redressed by a favorable decision. (Lujan v. Defenders of Wildlife (1992) 504 U.S. 555, 560 [112 S.Ct. 2130, 119 L.Ed.2d 351].) The E.P.A. challenged petitioners standing by asserting their injury was not caused by the E.P.A.'s failure to regulate because the harm from global climate change is widespread and suffered by all alike. Petitioner's would suffer a generalized harm and not the particularized injury required.

The EPA further argued that petitioner's injury would not be redressed by a decision in their favor.

(Massachusetts v. E.P.A., supra, 549 U.S. at p. 515.)

In Lujan, standing required injury to be "concrete and particularized...either actual or imminent."

(Lujan v. Defenders of Wildlife, supra, 504 U.S. 555, 560.) The purpose is to ensure the proper adversarial presentation. Plaintiff's standing was denied in Lujan because the injury asserted was a speculative future intent to travel abroad to view wildlife. (Id. at p. 564.) Justice Kennedy, in a concurring opinion, wrote that "while it does not matter how many persons have been injured by the challenged action, the party bringing suit must show that the action injures him in a concrete and personal way." (Id. at p. 581.) The parties must "have an actual as opposed to professed, stake in the outcome." (Ibid.) Since the widespread nature

of harm does not negate a personalized injury to a litigant, the majority in Massachusetts v. E.P.A. refused to negate standing on that basis. "The harms associated with climate change are serious and well recognized...[t]hat these changes are widely shared does not minimize Massachusetts interest in the outcome..." (Massachusetts v.

E.P.A., supra, 549 U.S. 497 at p. 515.)

The Court Finds a Procedural Right to Standing Congress can confer standing by defining injuries and causation, and relating the injury to the class of persons entitled to bring suit. (Massachusetts v. E.P.A., supra, 549 U.S. at p. 516.) The Court relied on a Lujan footnote for the rule that "a litigant to whom Congress has accorded a procedural right to protect his concrete interests can assert that right without meeting all the normal standards for redressability and immediacy." (Lujan v.

Defenders of Wildlife, supra, 504 U.S. at p. 572, fn.

7.) Such a litigant has standing if the requested remedy will prompt a reconsideration of the procedural decision, which need not be proven to alter the substantive result, as long as they are "connected." (Massachusetts v. E.P.A., supra, 549 U.S. at p. 518.)

The Court found in the Act such a procedural right. A petition for review of any final action of the Administrator under section 7521 of title 42 of the United States Code, may be filed only in the United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia. (42 U.S.C. § 7607(b).) The standard of review allows reversal of any action found to be arbitrary, capricious, an abuse of discretion, or otherwise not in accordance with law. (42 U.S.C. § 7607(d)(9).)

A State as Quasi-sovereign has Special Rights as a Litigant Petitioner's standing is satisfied if one petitioner can satisfy the requirements. (Massachusetts v. E.P.A., supra, 549 U.S. at p. 518.) Justice Stevens (quoting from Georgia v. Tennessee Copper (1907) 206 U.S. 230, 237) stated that Massachusetts as a quasi-sovereign, and owner of large areas of coastland, has a special position and interest, "independent of and behind the titles of its citizens, in all the earth and air within its domain." (Massachusetts at p. 518.) In Tennessee, Georgia was found to have standing to enjoin sulfur emissions from Tennessee copper ore mines, even though it owned very little of the land negatively affected, derived from it's right to protect its lands and citizens from air pollution.

State standing allowed equitable relief whereas the private citizens harmed would be limited to damages. The fact that Massachusetts owned large areas of coastal land alleged to be affected by global warming only reinforced the concrete harm requirement.

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As a member of the Union, Massachusetts' power to regulate vehicle emissions is given up to the federal government. Congress in turn has ordered E.P.A. to protect the State's environment from motor vehicle emissions. Massachusetts also has authority from Congress to challenge the E.P.A.'s rejection of its rulemaking petition as arbitrary and capricious. The majority concluded that "[g]iven that procedural right and Massachusetts' stake in protecting its quasi-sovereign interests, the Commonwealth is entitled to special solicitude in our standing analysis."

(Massachusetts v. E.P.A., supra, 549 U.S. at p. 520.)

Injury Massachusetts' status as owner of coastland, and the evidence of sea level rise which is predicted to inundate or periodically flood such areas, was sufficient to find injury in fact. Sea level rise had already taken some Massachusetts coastland, and remediation costs could reach hundreds of millions of dollars. (Massachusetts v. E.P.A., supra, 549 U.S. 497, 523.) Chief Justice Roberts dissented that insufficient evidence supported the theory advanced by petitioners, and the uncertainty of sea level rise and inundation of coastal land stretches the concept of imminence of injury beyond the breaking point. (Id. at p. 542.)

Causation E.P.A. conceded a causal connection between greenhouse gas emissions and climate change, but argued that its own contribution was insignificant. But incremental steps are normal for regulatory action, providing reform one step at a time. (Massachusetts v. E.P.A., supra, 549 U.S. at p. 524.)

The relief requested, moreover, was not unsubstantial since the transportation sector of the U.S. emits more than 6% of worldwide CO2 emissions (estimate for 1999). U.S. motor vehicle emissions make a meaningful contribution to greenhouse gas concentrations, and thus global warming. (Id. at p. 525.) Chief Justice Roberts argued that the connection between greenhouse gas emissions and future climate is so complex that petitioners' alleged injuries cannot be traced to emissions that might have been reduced under E.P.A. standards, and that the connection is far too speculative to establish causation. (Id. at p. 545.)

Redressability Redressability is satisfied if a favorable decision relieves a discrete injury to a plaintiff, but need not relieve every injury.

(Massachusetts v. E.P.A., supra, 549 U.S. at p. 525.) The relief requested would contribute to slowing the pace of worldwide greenhouse gas emissions and reduce to some extent the risk of catastrophic harm to Massachusetts. (Id. at p. 526.) Thus, while E.P.A. action would not provide a complete remedy, that a remedy is incremental does not negate federal court jurisdiction. Chief Justice Roberts' dissent argued the injury was overwhelming compared to any remedy provided by the Clean Air Act, suggesting the lawsuit was driven for symbolic reasons. (Id. at p.

547.) Standing requirements, he suggests, should be applied to maintain the Constitutional tripartite allocation of power. (Ibid.)

Standing was Upheld.

Under the Court's special solicitude accorded Massachusetts as a litigant, the injury, causation and redressability elements of standing were met. Therefore, petitioner's had standing to challenge E.P.A.'s denial of the rulemaking petition.

(Massachusetts v. E.P.A., supra, 549 U.S. at p. 526.)

The Merits.

The E.P.A. asserted that Congress did not intend for it to have authority to regulate emissions that cause climate change, and that CO2 is therefore not an air pollutant under the C.A.A. (Massachusetts v. E.P.A., supra, 549 U.S. at p. 528.) The C.A.A. defines air pollutant broadly as "any air pollution agent...including any physical, chemical ... substance ... emitted into ... the ambient air." (42 U.S.C. ยง 7602(g).) The Court found that Congressional action to support voluntary programs for greenhouse gas

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reduction did not curtail E.P.A.'s power to treat greenhouse gases as air pollutants. And the fact that Congress has given the Department of Transportation the power to regulate mileage standards does not mean that E.P.A.'s authority concerning the public health and welfare may not overlap. (Id. at p. 532.)

Conclusion of the Case Section 202(a)(1) of the Act was drafted with regulatory flexibility to address pollution from sources not contemplated at the time, in order to avoid obsolescence . (Massachusetts v. E.P.A., supra, 549 U.S. at p. 532.) Greenhouse gases were found to fit within the Act's definition of "air pollutant." Therefore, the E.P.A. was found to have authority under the Act to regulate greenhouse gases emissions from new motor vehicles. If the E.P.A. refuses a rulemaking petition, it must be based on a judgment that greenhouse gas emissions do not contribute to climate change, or it must provide a reasonable explanation why such a judgment is not made. (Id. at p. 533.) The E.P.A. offered no reasonable explanation for its refusal to make a judgment, and the Court therefore held its inaction to be arbitrary, capricious, or otherwise not in accordance with law. (Id. at p. 534.)

E.P.A. ACTION SINCE THE RULING E.P.A. Administrator Lisa Jackson made an endangerment finding in 2009 that greenhouse gases constitute a threat to public health and welfare, and that emissions from motor vehicles contribute to the climate change problem. New E.P.A. greenhouse gas emissions standards, in coordination with the National HIghway Transportation Safety Administration, for new light duty vehicles went into effect for the 2012 - 2016 model years. For the first time, emissions standards for heavy duty vehicles are in place for the 3 2014 - 2018 model years.

CONCLUSION This case displays the different philosophies at work in the Supreme Court. Justice Stevens, writing for the majority, took a pragmatic approach and decided the intent of the Clean Air Act is to preserve the earth's environment, even from a threat that was little known at the time of its initial adoption. The majority may have been impressed by the scale of climate change injury estimated by the expert testimony, and influenced to mitigate such profound effects. The dissents, by Chief Justice Roberts and Justice Scalia, sees Court intervention as inappropriate because petitioners lacked standing, and because climate change is not an ordinary air pollution problem addressed by the Clean Air Act. But because of the magnitude and timescale of the problem, where remedy by necessity precedes injury by up to two centuries, strictly satisfying the traditional standing requirements may not be possible for a private citizen; by the time a personal and concrete injury could be proven, no remedy would be possible. The Court had to intrude somewhat on the policy making function of the other branches of government in order to address, effectively, an important issue of our time.

References 1. Advancing the Science of Climate Change, p. 1, National Academy of Sciences <http://nas-sites.org/americasclimatechoices/samplepage/panel-reports/87-2/> (as of Feb 26, 2013).

2. Technical Summary 6.3: Understanding and Attributing Climate Change; Climate Change 2007: Working Group I: The Physical Sciences Basis. Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change <http://www.ipcc.ch/publications_and_data/ar4/wg1/ en/tssts-6-3.html> (as of Feb 25, 2013).

3. Endangerment and Cause or Contribute Findings for Greeenhouse Gases under Section 202(a) of the Clean Air Act. United States Environmental Protection Agency <http://www. epa.gov/climatechange/endangerment/index.html> (as of Feb. 25, 2013).

Voir Dire 2013 Graduation Edition

Words of Wisdom from the 2013 Commencement Speaker Written by Nathaniel Willson - Class of 2013

Judge

Judge Emily Vasquez is the Lincoln Law School of Sacramento 2013 commencement speaker. She has an inspiring story. Judge Vasquez grew up in a migrant farm worker family and is currently a Sacramento County Superior Court Judge. Despite her parent's misgivings and misunderstanding of the value of pursuing education, Judge Vasquez convinced them to allow her to complete high school instead of working the fields. After high school, she earned a scholarship to the University of California, Davis. She was inspired to become a lawyer while studying abroad in Madrid where she met law students who worked to give a voice to the people. In Madrid, Judge Vasquez saw how the law affected everyday life and how it could be used to help others.

Emily Vasquez Judge Vasquez applied her drive to help others throughout her career. During the 25 years of practice before her appointment to the bench, Judge Vasquez was an active attorney who fought for human rights. Early in her career, she participated in an action against the State of California for illegally raising the rent in migrant worker labor camps. Judge Vasquez was rewarded by witnessing firsthand how the law helps others, as the workers eventually were returned their hard-earned money. Judge Vasquez's career also includes appellate work for the General Counsel's office, eight years as a Sacramento County Public Defender, and another eight years in private business law practice.

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Judge Vasquez uses the values learned from her childhood and legal career to give some advice to Lincoln graduates and students. Her advice is simple, yet it resonates with its own unique perspective: work hard, find a mentor and give back to the community.

Judge Vasquez stressed the importance of putting in the hard work. An entire wall of her office is filled with binders containing research she has done over the years all catalogued for easy reference. Her advice to work hard also includes asking questions, as she believes that questions are important to elicit a thorough discussion of issues. She also suggests that new attorneys talk to judges and jurors after a trial to see what worked or did not work.

Continuing the theme of asking questions, Judge Vasquez says a mentor is vitally important for new attorneys to learn and grow. She encourages established attorneys to find and mentor attorneys from the next generation. The mentoring allows for a sharing of a passion for the law in addition to the practical benefits of passing on knowledge.

Education of the surrounding community is the foundation of Vasquez's last piece of advice. She stresses the need to give back to the community and suggests that lawyers have a civic duty to educate others about the law. Further, Judge Vasquez stresses the importance of knowledge about the law to a democratic society.

Through her extensive background, Judge Vasquez encourages us all to realize that the practice of law is a noble undertaking allowing us to touch every aspects of life. Lincoln Law School is proud to have Judge Vasquez as the 2013 commencement speaker.

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Lincoln Law School Graduates SBA Class Representative: 2010-2011, 2011-2012 Voir Dire Writer: 2010-2011 So many thanks for so many people -It takes a village to graduate an evening law student.

My Booboo -I love so much and thank you for unconditionally loving your crazy wife which I am so lucky and blessed to be.

Adrianna Anastacia

My beautiful children -I love you and thank you so much for being so wonderful and strong, you are my strength. This was for you especially, Aurora Gloria.

To my parents, Cookie, siblings, family, and friends â&#x20AC;&#x201C;What can I say? I have the best at times; we all live in different parts of the country but you're never far from my heart.

My four year hiatus is almost over. We have many BBQs and "Eh Spicy Wine" nights to catch up on.

Lincoln Law School Professors, especially WW,FY,JS,AS,RR&JT -Thank you for your instruction and faith in all your students.

I would not have made it without your dedication. Bonjour bar!

Alcala-Beshara

Faculty Achievement Award: Family Law To my friends, Thanks for the pounds I gained in our junk food/coffee study sessions 3rd year, for helping to raise the Starbucks stock, for the distracting drinks at the Raven, and ultimately for your kindness and teaching me summary judgment minutes before the exam.

Sara Anne Anderson

To my parents, Thank you for undying love and support.

To the faculty, Thank you Schiavenza for being a "dean of the people"; listening and advising with our best interests at heart. Thank you to my professors for preparing me for my future career, and dispensing advice when needed.

To my classmates, Our year has seen some bumps, but if anything it will just make us better lawyers. Good luck in your careers wherever they may take you.

To Colin, Thank you for your calm presence, as I weathered this storm.

Thank you Dad and Mom for the sacrifices you made for me to go to law school. You have always supported and believed in me unconditionally. I am thankful to have parents who encourage me to strive for more than what is easily attainable. I love you both.

To my extended family, thank you for your support and your words of encouragement, and for keeping me focused on what is necessary for my success. I love you.

To Alexis, having an Aunt in law school did not leave time for too many adventures. I am thankful for the ones we had. I am so proud of you. Congratulations for your graduation.

Love you.

To Jason, thank you for all of your love, support, and laughter.

Thank you to my classmates who are now my friends.

Thank you to the whole crew at the Raven.

Thank you, San Francisco Giants, for winning the World Series in 2010 & 2012.

Gina Arancibia 15

Voir Dire 2013 Graduation Edition

Class of 2013 Dean's List Yaping, you are my rock and I owe the joy, excitement and love of this life to your faith and patience in me. We struggled from the bottom up and it has made us stronger and impermeable. If I lost all, and only had you and our 5 kids left, I would still consider myself lucky and blessed by our Heavenly Father.

Ramseus, Xavier, Gwen, Bianca and Contessa.

You've been patient in my absence and I will

be forever grateful for who you are and who you are becoming. I'm so proud of you all. I'm sorry that I've been gone so much for so long and was not there to be a proper father. I'm ready to be a real daddy again.

Above all, "Feel good in THIS moment, and be happy NOW!" -- Dr. Robert Anthony. I love you, I'm sorry, Please forgive me, and Thank you!

Alex Beyer SBA Class Representative: 2010-2011, 2011-2012, 2012-2013 Bertolani Scholarship: 2013 Robert and Joan Zarick Scholarship: 2012 Jane D'Arcy Memorial Fund Scholarship: 2012 Lincoln Law School Scholarship: 2012 Toaster Trials: Most Persuasive First and foremost, I would like to give thanks to God!

Gabriel E. Campos

Kimberly A. Chapman

This accomplishment is dedicated to my beautiful mother. Because of her I have become the person I am today. I believe I have fulfilled her wish in becoming an attorney (hopefully sooner than later) and I feel that she would be the happiest person in the world if she were present today.

Faculty Achievement Awards: Legal Skills, Contracts, Civil Procedure, Business Organizations, Constitutional Law Dean's List Scholarship: 2009-2010, 2010-2011, 2011-2012 Robert and Joan Zarick Scholarship: 2010-2011, 2011-2012, 2012-2013 Lincoln Law School Scholarship: Fall 2012 Moot Court: Best Overall, Honorable Mention for Oral Argument and Written Brief American Board of Trial Advocates/Joe Ramsey Memorial Scholarship, Nominee: Fall 2012 Sacramento Superior Court Judge/Mentor Program, Participant: 2011-2012 Pete, you have been an incredible partner throughout this entire process and my Juris Doctor is definitely half yours. I was able to

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I would also like to give thanks to my fiance Jasmin who has been there for me since day 1 (pre-first year).

To my family, thank you all for being supportive and believing in me. Your belief gave me the confidence to succeed. I love you all and I hope I have made you all proud!

Special thanks and gratitude to the Lincoln faculty, especially Dean Schiavenza! Thank you for always believing in me and treating me with high respect!

Also, thanks to all my classmates, especially Charles, Peter, and Clyve! We were a great study group.

dive in because I knew that you had my back.

I love you very much.

Jacob, you have inspired me with your own success as I pursued this crazy dream. Thank you for your love and encouragement along the way. I love you, baby boy.

Mairin, I am incredibly proud of the young woman that you have become. You are strong, beautiful, and brilliant and I love you very much, sugar bean.

Mom, Thank you for stepping in, sometimes on a moment's notice. You are a wonderful mother, grandmother, and cheerleader.

Finally, I want to thank the amazing faculty and staff at Lincoln Law School. You made this an unforgettable journey.

Class of 2013, we got this!

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Lincoln Law School Graduates Toaster Trials: Best Actor, Most Riveting Performance To my wife Kim, I really could not have done this without you. Your "making me study so that you would study" thing never made sense to me, but it worked. And we made it.

I am so proud of you and I cannot wait to see you in the Voir Dire graduation edition next year.

To my parents and Chase, thank you for making me strive to be something more and

never to quit, even when that would have been the easy thing to do. Even when the rest of life was a mess for Kim and me, you were always there to love and support us through it.

And to my classmates...I am proud to have made it through with such an amazing group of people. You pushed me, drove me crazy from time to time, but always made it worth coming back the next Monday night. You're the best and we survived together.

Garin Clyma I would like to thank all the new bars and restaurants that have opened up in the last four years.

I hope the Sacramento's growth continues and that Lincoln continues to get the recognition it deserves.

Four years ago Sacramento was very lacking in places to go for any good consistent foods or drinks. It was a hard place to be. But recently the town has really come up and holds its own and this has greatly contributed me getting through law school.

David Deaton

I want to thank my family for all of their love and support. I could not have done it without Mom, Dad and Omi. This endeavor has been one of the hardest things I have ever done and I would not have made it alone.

Julie Delgado 17

Voir Dire 2013 Graduation Edition

Class of 2013 The unfailing support I received through this journey is the only reason I made it to the other side. I couldn't have done it without love and patience from my family, friends and coworkers. I would like to say a big thank you to the Sacramento County Sheriff's Department for seeing me through and giving me the room I needed to succeed.

My eternal gratitude to Mom, Dad, John, Bridget and Patrick- each of you played a significant role in giving me everything I needed to get here today. So much love to my wifey Becca who believed in me and gave me the strength to persevere.

Dean's List: 2009-2010, 2010-2011, 2011-2012 Member of first team to represent Lincoln at National Moot Court Competition Moot court: Honorable Mention â&#x20AC;&#x201C; Best Oral Advocate Faculty achievement awards: Evidence, Community Property, Remedies SBA Class Representative: 2010-2011, 2011-2012, 2012-2013 Scholarships: Robert and Joan Zarick (2010, 2011, 2012), Joan D'Arcy Memorial, Lincoln Law School, Martin Anderson, Robert F. Nelson Memorial

To my friends, family, and classmates: I owe you all a great debt of gratitude for your encouragement and support throughout these past four years. It takes a village to raise a law student, and I thank you all. Without your support (particularly yours, Dad) I could not have done it.

"I have fought the good fight, I have finished the race, I have kept the faith."

2 Timothy 4:6-8

To my parents, I wish you had been here to see me graduate but you were called away during my years in school. Mom, you inspired me to be the best I could be. Thank you for the values you instilled in me.

Teresa M. Deterding

Charles S. Elliott III

It has been my dream to go to law school.

Now I am graduating! It has been a wonderful experience but would not have been possible without the love and support of my husband Ken and my daughter Kara. They have been my support and biggest inspiration. I love you both very much!

Nana and Papa, thank you for your love. To my friends and family that have helped me through, thank you. Candace, I have enjoyed finishing this race with you. Now let's take on the world!

Tamara Fitzpatrick Lincoln Law School of Sacramento

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Lincoln Law School Graduates Lincoln does not have a big campus but it offers me the best rate of return for my investment.

Lincoln may not have the same reputation as a Harvard or Stanford but offers me professors who are experienced, knowledgeable and always available to help students.

Lincoln may not have a large staff but they are helpful and personable.

The Dean of Lincoln knows my name and goes all the way to help out his students.

And that's what I care about...

Bryan Fong

Stephanie S. Fong

As I come to realize that law school actually has an end, and reflecting on the moments that have brought me to this point, it bears stating that I could not have accomplished this alone.

I could not imagine having gone through this experience without Matt as my other half. I have been fortunate to have his encouragement, understanding, and belief in me through the years.

I owe much of this achievement to my family. I am truly grateful for their continuous support and encouragement. My parents have especially been an inspiration. From their guidance to their never-ending eagerness to make my life easier where they can, my parents are why I have experienced success in my life. A "thank you" could never be enough (but maybe a car will do).

I am thankful to so many others, but there's limited space here, so THANKS everyone else!

Toaster Trials: Most Lucid & Most Persuasive Awards

To my classmates: "Man is born to live, not to prepare for life." We've mostly been doing a lot of preparing over the last 4 years. I hope everyone now gets to go out and live. I appreciate getting to know all of you and wish you success going forward. Not just with the CA Bar but with whatever you decide you want to get out of life.

Thank you to my wife who has supported me in so many ways and continues to be the best thing to ever happen to me. I hope everyone is lucky enough to have a person like her in their life. Thank you also to my family who provide a voice of humor and friendship to my life.

Congratulations and good luck!

Matthew Gaughan

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Voir Dire 2013 Graduation Edition

Class of 2013 Thank you to my husband, John, for your love, support and understanding during these challenging last four years. I know it wasn't easy, but I couldn't have made it without you.

To my incredible children, Tysha, Alexandra, Jackson and Samantha, I dedicate my degree to you. Remember with hard work and determination you can accomplish anything.

I love you!

Tanya K. Harris

little brighter.

To my classmates, I feel fortunate to have spent these last four years with such amazing people. I will miss each of you and feel privileged to now call you friends.

"The greatest danger for most of us is not that our aim is too high and we miss it but that it is too low and we reach it." Michelangelo

To my family and friends thank you for standing by me and your unconditional support. You definitely made this journey a

The last four years have been a roller coaster of emotions and experiences and I was not able to make it without the support of my family and friends.

Family: I am incredibly grateful that I have had your constant support and unconditional love. My completion of Law School wouldn't have been possible without your support.

Friends: Jennifer Hart, Heather Seiden, and Terri Easlon, thank you all for giving me strength, courage, and believing in me.

Study Group: Alex thank you for the motivation you gave me over the past few years. Bryan thanks for the encouragement, and a big thanks to Mel, Adam, and Fred for all of support.

LLS: I thank LLS for the opportunity and education it has given me.

Classmates: Law school is a way of life and I am proud to have gone through this life experience with such an amazing group of people. Congratulations class 2013.

Faith M. Hashemi Toaster Trials: Most persuasive argument, Most lucid argument (runner up) First and foremost, I thank my husband, Kayl Lagunas, who has been my biggest supporter and cheerleader, not only in law school but in life. There is no way I could have completed law school without your love, encouragement and support. To my mom, thank you for all of your help and for believing in me. To Mark, Isaiah and Benjamin, I am pretty sure you enjoyed my absence from your social lives and school activities these four years, but

I'm back (after the Bar). To my sister, Angie, and brother, Jerry, thank you for working around my study schedule when it was time to schedule family events. To my dad, thank you for your encouragement and support. I love you all very much and though I am the one graduating from law school, I'm aware this was a family/community effort. I will remain forever grateful.

Hellen J. Hernandez Lincoln Law School of Sacramento

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Lincoln Law School Graduates Faculty Achievement Award: Professional Responsibility, Advanced Professional Responsibility Moot Court: Honorable Mention Written Brief To the ROCK OF AGES, the 'Perfecter and Finisher', I give a shout out on bended knees.

To my lovely wife Rebecca, much thanks and appreciation for cheerfully bearing a load meant for two. I would not have made it through law school at this stage in life without your support and encouragement.

To my Four Musketeers â&#x20AC;&#x201C; Chinag, Ihu, Jioke, Amaka who have endured much, I doff my hat and say "let the jousting begin!!!" Hey, this suit shrunk or what? And where did that horse go?

Thanks also to my professors and fellow classmates for helping me succeed. Muchas gracias.

Fred A. Ihejirika SBA Secretary: 2010-2011 To my wonderful husband: I can't believe after all these years of talking about law school, it's over. You have been with me every step of the way. Words cannot fully express how much I appreciate the love, encouragement, support and sacrifice you have provided. I couldn't have completed this journey without you. I love you.

Lauren C. Jones

To my dad and mom: At 12 I told you I wanted to be a lawyer and now I am graduating from law school. Wow! Thank you for encouraging

me to follow my dreams and teaching me to be a strong, independent-thinking woman.

It's those qualities that helped me get here today.

To my bestie, Samantha: Your friendship, understanding and love has helped me more than you could know. You are always there for me. Thank You. To my study buddy, Clif: We made it! I'm happy to say I survived this with you.

A BIG thank you to Dean Schiavenza and the Lincoln Law School professors for always reminding us that there is a light at the end of the tunnel. A BIGGER thank you to all my friends and family who have supported me on this four-year journey. It's amazing how four years can go by so quickly... and yet so slowly at the same time.

Good luck class of 2013, here is to passing the Bar!

Michael Justis 21

Voir Dire 2013 Graduation Edition

Class of 2013 cum laude I chose to attend law school not for the personal rewards but to help those around me.

This journey would not have been possible without the help of those individuals.

Thank you to my family. To Mom and Dad, thank you for your continuing love, support and guidance. To my siblings, thank you for believing in me and holding down the fort when I'm away. I love you all.

Thank you to my classmates for always challenging me, and to the Dean and staff at Lincoln for making this possible. Thank you to my co-editor Lisa Sotelo for being solid as a rock during this whole process. Huge thanks to Chris Wood and the Wood team at Dreyer Babich Buccola Wood Campora for preparing me to become an attorney.

Lastly, thank you to my wife, Ying, for her love, dedication and sacrifice. None of this would be possible without you. Love you.

Peter Vang Khang God has blessed me with many great opportunities and most wonderful family, friends, and co-workers.

Lesya Kinnamon

I thank my husband, Doug, who unconditionally and unselfishly supports me in everything I do. His love and understanding helps me walk through life victoriously and with joy. Graduation from law school would not have been possible without his hard work.

I am thankful to my mom and dad, Mila and Nikolay, for all their love and care for me.

My friends Lynne, George, Aleta, and Parris, you are the most unselfish individuals in

Thanks to my family for helping me get through school. They were all very supportive.

I couldn't have done it without them. Thanks to my father for helping me study, giving me a place to study, and for providing me with many meals, supplies, company, and many hours of help. The discussions and insights were invaluable. Thanks to my mom for providing support throughout school, helping me out with supplies, meals, encouragement, discussions, and helping me clean my place when it needed it. Helping to fill my fridge and keeping me from getting

the world. Thank you for all your help and encouragement.

I also have been blessed with the most wonderful co-workers and management at the Board of Equalization. Thank you for all your genuine care and guidance through this four-year journey.

Last, but not least, I am thankful for the opportunity to be an intern at the Office of the Attorney General. Working there has been a priceless learning experience and it enriched me personally and professionally.

too messy, while also giving me things to do like eating at Fortune House helped me get through stressful times. Thanks to my brother for giving me a place to relax, for meals, and a place to live. I am slightly cleaner now after living there. There are other things not mentioned, but they are appreciated.

Josh Lambert

Lincoln Law School of Sacramento

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Lincoln Law School Graduates Lincoln Law School Scholarship Robert and Joan Zarick Scholarship

Janine MonÄ Lee

First and foremost, thank you God for giving me the strength and determination to survive the last several years. Second, thank you to my mother for always encouraging me, being my biggest fan, and investing your love, time and energy in my family and future. You have inspired me to be the woman I am today and continue to support me at such a pivotal juncture in my life. Third, thank you to my husband for sharing this journey with me, making my heart smile, believing in us and continuing to be my best friend.

To my three-year-old daughter, these first few years have not been easy and I am sure your father, grandmother and I will share plenty of stories as you get older. Always remember, I love you with every molecule of my being, you are a beautiful blessing and perfectly made. Thank you for being my daughter.

And to my newborn son, welcome to the family and I love you too.

Thanks to my family and friends for helping me get through law school. Special Thanks to my Dad, Richard A. Lewis and my Grandpa, Patrick M. Ryan M.D.

Michael James Lewis Moot Court: Honorable Mention Best Written Brief 2010 Hearsay Bingo Champion & Recipient of the "Coveted" Hearsay Chalice (Coffee Mug) To my beautiful wife Romi, and wonderful son Julian: thank you for believing in me when I myself couldn't. I apologize for all the years of frustration, tantrums, lost vacations, stress and tears. Your patience and understanding allowed me to get through it. This degree is yours, as much as mine. You were the inspiration to keep going, especially when I

felt like giving up! It's been a long road and I appreciate not having to journey it alone.

To my family and friends all over the country, thanks for always encouraging me and telling me you never doubted my ability. To my favorite Aunt Pixie, I thank you for always being my biggest cheerleader. Finally, a special thanks to my step-father, Ben. You continued to be my dad after mom's passing and always were there to remind me that she would be proud regardless of any outcome.

Adam Levine 23

Voir Dire 2013 Graduation Edition

Class of 2013 All journeys begin with a spark. My reason for attending law school came from words from a very wise person. As a child my mother said that education was the most powerful tool a person can possess, the enrichment of the person gained through education is unsurpassed in all respects. I consider myself extremely fortunate to have taken my mother's advice.

At the half point I would remind myself the journey was almost finished but I, like many others summoned a strength deep within

the hollow of our souls to stay motivated.

Just the peculiarity of a four-year law school curriculum I suppose.

In the end, my fourth year at Lincoln proved to be the most enjoyable because I truly understood what it means to be a lawyer.

A great deal of love and gratitude goes to my family and friends who supported me with words of encouragement and gave me strength to persevere in difficult times.

Jorge A. Lopez Women Lawyers of Sacramento Scholarship Recipient Law School is filled with steps, stages, and finality. I've finally finished, but I wouldn't have made it through without support and motivation.

Eric- You are my rock, support, and best friend.

Thank you for understanding when I needed to study, take a break, eat, and sleep. You filled the last four years with so much joy, love, and adventure, and I don't know how I could

have gotten through law school without you.

But, that only makes me wonderâ&#x20AC;Ś how much better life will be without studies interfering!

Mom, Dad, & Conor- You guys are the best cheerleaders around! You guys pushed me when I needed to be pushed and loved me through all of the exhaustion and craziness that comes with law school and life.

I truly can't thank you all enough for supporting me, loving me, encouraging me, and feeding me ;) through it all! Station departed.

Ashley Meyer First and foremost, I would like to thank God for helping me reach the finish line. Without faith, hard work, and perseverance, I would have never made it!

To my husband Shawn, I thank you for your endless love and support throughout what seemed like a never ending journey. You encouraged me to start the race and you were by my side encouraging me to complete it every time I wanted to give up. I love you more than words can say and hope to see you at the finish line!

To my friends and family, I thank you for your unending support and for being the best cheerleaders anyone could ever ask for! I am truly blessed to have such wonderful people in my life.

And finally, to my fellow classmates, YAY! We did it! Thanks for your unconditional support, your unconditional motivation, and the occasional shoulder to cry on (you know who you are!)

Pamela Myers Lincoln Law School of Sacramento

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Lincoln Law School Graduates First and foremost I thank my Mother for her foresight, encouragement and support.

Following this path all the way to graduation truly would not be possible without your confidence in me. There are no words to adequately express how thankful I am for your love and the sacrifices you have made.

To my big little Brother thank you for all your hard work and encouragement.

Nejla Nassirian

I'm truly blessed to share such a bond with such an amazing person who never fails to remind me that we aren't too old to jump out and scare each other.

Dean's List Faculty Achievement Award: Torts Martin Anderson Scholarship Toaster Trials: Most Lucid It's amazing and surreal to realize this four-year journey that once seemed so insurmountable is nearly over.

Mom, I could never have done this without you. I'm truly blessed to have you as a mother and best friend, and I take it as the highest compliment when people say I'm just like you.

Kinsey Rose Reynolds

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you so much for your generosity and encouragement.

Ken and Jennifer, thank you for your support.

It is an honor to know and learn from you both.

Finally, thanks to my friends and everyone else who has offered encouragement and kept me sane through all of this.

You all made this possible for me, and I hope someday I can repay you for all you've done.

To my grandparents Edie and Len, your love and support has kept me going.

To my grandparents Lee and Gloria, thank SBA Class Representative: 2010-2011 Toaster Trials: Most Riveting Performance Sacramento Judge Mentor Program Participant: 2011-2012

Clif A. Roberts

To my Grandpa Nasir thank you for all your wise words of encouragement over the years they have truly sustained me until the end.

To my family and friends who have loved me, encouraged me and suffered listening to me complain about the roller coaster that is law school -THANK YOU!

I remember my entrance interview to Lincoln with (then) Dean Dicce. He said with my academic background, there was a slim chance of finishing law school and a slimmer chance of passing the Bar. Through hard work, I've finished my Juris Doctorate and now look forward to taking the Bar. In a sense, I'm like the Rudy Ruettiger of Lincoln, minus the repeated body slams (much to Dean Schiavenza's dismay).

While at Lincoln, I've forged relationships with classmates and am proud to call them my friends. To my law school bestie: Lauren Jones. Our study sessions helped me to understand the law, and our friendship helped me to survive Lincoln. I wish you the best in life. You'll always be my #1 co-conspirator.

To my parents, I thank you for all your support.

Your silent encouragement has been steadfast and enduring. I could not have reached this achievement without you.

Congratulations Lincoln Law School Class of 2013. WE DID IT!

Voir Dire 2013 Graduation Edition

Class of 2013

Clyve Mateo Soriano

Toaster Trials: Most Persuasive Closing Argument

much unconditionally. I dedicate any and all accomplishments in life to you.

To Randi: Thank you for your patience and love throughout this journey. You have helped me grow into a better man and a better human being. You do more for me than you will ever know. I will spend a lifetime repaying you for everything.

To My Friends: Thank you for all the laughter, the late nights, the companionship, and my sanity. I could not have done it without you guys. Thanks for keeping me out and getting me out of trouble…to be continued…

To My Family: Thank you for your support, encouragement, and guidance. You have always been my driving force in life and you always will be. You have sacrificed so

Faculty Achievement Award: Personal Property, Legal Skills – Summer 2009, Contracts Dean's List Scholarship: 2009-2010, 2010-2011, 2011-2012 Robert and Joan Zarick Scholarship: Spring 2012, Fall 2012 Lincoln Law School Scholarship: Fall 2012 Co-Editor Voir Dire: 2012-2013

Lisa M. Sotelo

Ursula Stuter

Thank you Matt, for agreeing to put our lives on hold while I pursue this dream. You have always been my biggest fan. I love you.

Thank you to my sister, Tania, for reminding me to breathe. I may have gone crazy without you.

To Club Raven: Thanks for keeping my wheels greased. It was a long journey and everyone there has been with me through it all. Put one down for me on the buddy board.

Thank you to my parents, Peggy and Kurt, for instilling the value of education in me and encouraging me not to settle in life. You gave me the motivation to finish.

Thank you to my friends who been extremely patient and understanding even though they are sick of hearing "I can't, I have to study."

I have truly enjoyed being part of this class.

You are all unique and passionate individuals and I would not have wanted to go through this experience with anyone else.

And endless thanks to Lincoln for existing and giving us all this opportunity. I will be forever grateful.

Dean's Honor List: 2009-2010 Robert and Joan Zarick Scholarship: Fall 2010, Fall 2012 Allen J. Andrews Memorial Scholarship: Spring 2012 Faculty Achievement Award: Bankruptcy Toaster Trials: Most Persuasive, Most Lucid Lincoln Law School Scholarship: Fall 2012 Sacramento Valley Bankruptcy Forum Scholarship: 2013

and to my in-laws, Lidiya and Mikhail for being part of this journey. Thank you to Janice Cesolini Stuter for teaching me a strong work ethic. Never doubt an Italian!

I'd like to thank the academy but they had nothing to do with this accomplishment.

THANKS to Anton Mikhailovich, my best friend and life support, to my beautiful children, all four, for their understanding and for being quiet when Mama needed to study or sleep,

To my classmates, I respect your commitment.

Some of you inspired me, some of you irritated me, some of you made me laugh so hard I could barely breathe. Thank you for the fun times.

See you out there.

Lincoln Law School of Sacramento

My thanks to former Dean Dicce for inspiring me to attend Lincoln, to current Dean Schiavenza for the jokes, and to the Honorable Curtis Fiorini for reminding me why I signed up in the first place.

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Lincoln Law School Graduates "There's always gonna be another mountain I'm always gonna wanna make a move Always gonna be an uphill battle Sometimes I'm gonna have to lose Ain't about how fast I get there Ain't about what's waitin' on the other side It's the climb" â&#x20AC;&#x201C; Miley Cirus "The Climb"

A big THANK YOU to my Husband, family and mentor: You all certainly were caught completely off guard the day I came home from work and decided to apply to law school.

But over the years you all have stood by my side and worked incredibly hard to back me financially and emotionally. I love you all!

Lincoln Law School Wiley Manuel Bar Association of Sacramento: Charter Member Moot Court: Best Oral Argument

Much of the credit of our success goes to the faculty. The faculty of Lincoln Law School, led

by Dean Schiavenza, is among the best in the state if not in the country, and we graduates owe much to them. Lincoln Law School of Sacramento has a legacy of significant contribution in the legal community, especially in the state capitol, and I'm pleased to know that the Lincoln legacy endures with the Class of 2013.

Chloe Sutterer

Crystal Toogood

Melvin Wallace 27

This would not have been possible without the love, understanding, and support of my wife, Dottie. She has displayed an amazing level of patience with me for the lack of her deserved attention during law school. This degree is as much hers as it is mine. Additionally, I believe I would have given up without the encouragement of my children, Melanie and William, my extended family, colleagues, friends, and classmates. Thank you all!

Voir Dire 2013 Graduation Edition

Class of 2013 SBA Class Representative: 2011-2012

Robert Arthur Ward

Theresa thank you for your support and encouragement, without you I wouldn't have made it. Thank you for being so generous with "our time" allowing me time to study.

I know you have sacrificed vacations and romantic date nights, so I could complete this goal. Now school is behind us and I am going to be home ALL THE TIME! You'll soon want me in a night MBA course, anything to have me out of the house – thanks Babe! Thank you also to my parents for their continued encouragement and support.

My classmates – Remember Dean Dicce at orientation saying" …look around, because by graduation less than half will not be graduating."? Congratulations for finishing, and best of luck on the Bar and beyond.

Faculty – Thank you for your patience and dedication and for helping us achieve this goal. Thanks also to Jessica, Angelia and Melissa.

I thank my family for the support and help they have given me on this long adventure through law school.

Nathaniel Willson To my selfless wife I could not have done this without your loving support. This accomplishment is just as much yours as it is mine. Thank you for believing in me and bearing the load of this long road with me.

To my parents This would not have been possible without the financial sacrifices you made for my family. You are my two biggest fans and I will be ever grateful for your support and encouragement.

To my girls Your sweet faces were so hard to leave for school every night. You three are my inspiration, my motivation, my joy!

Kyle J. Wunderli

Lincoln Law School of Sacramento

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Lincoln Law School Graduates Thank you to everyone involved in making my law school experience successful from the professors, Dean and administrative staff of the school to my fellow students who struggled through the learning curve with me. I'd like to give a special thanks to my supportive family for encouraging and enabling me to attend law school and forever change the course of my life. Last an extra special thanks to my twin brother for his encouragement, advice, and hand-me-down books.

Peter M. Wyatt Robert and Joan Zarick Scholarship: 2010, 2011, 2012 Lincoln Law School Scholarship: 2012 Faculty Achievement Award: Family Law SBA Class Representative: 2009-2012 SBA Treasurer: 2010-2011, 2011-2012 Mom & Dad: Many thanks for always being there to support and encourage me. You helped me understand that whatever I could imagine, I could achieve!

Jason A. Youngs

Jason: We did it little man!! Little J you are more than I could've ever wished for in a son!!

You have been so understanding about my schedule. I look forward to spending a lot more time with you!!

My darling Maggie: Words can't express what your daily love, support and understanding

have meant to me during school. critical to my sanity.

It was

I love you guys!!!

Faculty and Staff: Thank you all for sharing your knowledge and time with me!

Dean Schiavenza: Thank you for your daily support and for caring enough to kick me in the backside when I needed it! Your guidance and wisdom will never be forgotten!

My time at Lincoln has been challenging but unbelievably rewarding. Graduating from Law School was a lifelong dream and thanks to the vision of the founders, I was given the opportunity to achieve that dream. Thank you!!

To my dear Mother and Father, thank you for your unconditional love and support. I'm forever grateful for having you in my life.

I also thank God for the undeserved mercy and grace that kept me through all of these years. And I hope He's not finished with me yet...

Andrey Yurtsan 29

Voir Dire 2013 Graduation Edition

Class of 2013 "I can do all things through Christ who strengthens me."

- Philippians 4:13 A special thanks to my Mother. Throughout my life you have always encouraged me and taught me that nothing was ever too hard for me to achieve. I love you and appreciate you so much. To my loving Husband CJ, you are my best friend and I am so grateful

for your love, comfort and support. To my Father, thank you so much for your love and encouragement. To my family and friends, thank you so much for your patience, I know you guys haven't seen me much over the past 3 years but that will be changing sooner than later.

Sarah Zwierzynski Robert Wakefield

A Message from the SBA President Written by James Schaefers - Class of 2014

When I initially decided to run for SBA President, there were people telling me that it was a thankless job that required a lot of time and effort. However, I decided to focus on the potential impact the SBA could have at Lincoln.

It is the mission of the SBA to try to create a life for students outside of the classroom, and the goal is to help create bonds and friendships that will continue after law school.

Lincoln Law School's student body is unique from most other law schools. Many of the students at Lincoln juggle full-time jobs and families along with class and studying in their free time. As a result, it's difficult for most students to be involved in campus life and extracurricular activities.

This year's SBA events were a huge success as students, faculty, and alumni came out to show their support for Lincoln. The welcome back picnic in the Fall had an amazing turnout, with many of the participants getting

Lincoln Law School of Sacramento

out onto the baseball field in the annual softball game.

The support continued with the fall mixer. Students from 1L to 4L gathered to socialize with their classmates outside of the classroom.

In the Spring semester, the Student vs. Faculty/Alumni basketball game had the highest fan attendance in years. Family and friends were treated to a thrilling game and the students were able to regain the coveted Lincoln basketball trophy by beating the faculty/ alumni. Lastly, the Barrister's Ball continued the trend of increased support, as more students and alumni took part in the ball than ever before.

None of this success could have happened without the hard work and dedication of all the members of the SBA. I would like to thank all of you for your enthusiasm and effort in making this year so great. Most of all, thank you to the students. While this year had its ups and downs, seeing your participation and enthusiasm made all the hard work worth it.

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