North Sea

Anode

Biorock experiment:

(Artificial coral reef) Materials used:

For ocean water simulation:

• Aquarium (25 L ) +sea water • from North sea/ Atlantic ocean or • Munich tap water + mixture of Ca, P, Mg

For cathode:

• Steel wire

For anode:

• Titanium net • For power supply: (5V, 2A) • Solar panels/ batteries/ pc power adapter

Day 1 05.04.2019 11:09

Day 5 09.04.2019 12:47

Day 6 10.04.2019 10:14

Day 8 12.04.2019 14:39

Day 13 17.04.2019 12:09

Biorock experiment

Biorock, also known as Seacrete or Seament, is a trademark name used by Biorock, Inc. to refer to the substance formed by the electro-accumulation of minerals dissolved in seawater.1 . Architect Wolf Hilbertz developed the process and patented it in 1979. Since 1988, Mr. Hilbertz also collaborated with coral ecologist Dr. Thomas J. Goreau, and together they installed biorock structures in reef areas around the world.

Biorock technology involves a process of electrolysis in which minerals dissolved in seawater are accumulated around a metal frame. Over time they form a very stable structure. Biorocks are very similar to a coral reefs, since both are formed from minerals dissolved in the water. The main difference between them is in durability and formation time. Natural coral reefs need thousands of years to be formed, whereas biorocks form within a few weeks. A metal core provides additional strength and flexibility to biorocks. Additionally, unlike natural reefs, biorocks can heal themselves after damage, since electrolysis causes an accretion of minerals dissolved in the water around the metal core.

To prove this theory in practice, I performed a biorock experiment in an aquarium filled with sea water. I used metal wire as the cathode and a titanium mesh as the anode. For a source of energy I first used a small solar panel, which was later replaced by a plug-in power supply since the weather in February was not sunny enough to provide the system with sufficient power. After many attempts the system was working successfully, and a biorock started to form within a few minutes. After two weeks, the layer of accumulated minerals on the metal wire was 2-3 mm thick, being thickest on the intersecting points in the metal frame.

1 www.biorock.net

Both pages:

Bathymetry of the Caspian Sea and Physical Model of proposed interventions.

CONCLUSION AND FUTURE STEPS

At shore platform (Jack up Rig) O shore platform (Fixed platform)

Oil fields Jack up rigs as mobile hubs Fixed platforms as Nature hubs

This page : Locations of future interventions

Future steps

During this Master’s thesis, I had only one semester to work upon the idea of sustainable oil platform reuse. There are still many untouched ideas, locations and species which I would yet value the opportunity to further explore. A greater impact could be achieved by globalizing the idea of nature hubs on former oil rigs, and through working on solutions for other regions where oil rigs are located. Moreover, it might be helpful to introduce this idea to a broader public by promoting it, for example through creating informative installations about offshore projects for display at the corresponding coasts. These could be prototype examples of the rigs, platform viewing with binoculars, live translations from the platforms, and so on. Also, jack-up rigs (rigs which can be moved easily) could be carried from the shore of one country to the next, serving as mobile nature hubs which people could visit easily. Conceptual ideas described in this brochure should be checked and improved. Collaboration with experts is also necessary. Most importantly, it is essential to work with those companies owning retired oil rigs who would be interested in exploring these ideas. If you are as eager as I am to work on designing structures for the support of biodiversity, and see opportunities for collaboration, please do not hesitate to contact me.

Printed literature

• Thomas J. Goreau Innovative Methods of Marine Ecosystem Restoration • Bela H. Buck · Richard Langan Aquaculture Perspective of Multi-Use Sites in the Open Ocean • Donna M. Schroeder, Milton S. Love Ecological and political issues surrounding decommissioning of offshore oil facilities in the Southern California Bight • World Ocean Review Marine Resources – Opportunities and Risks • Maya Przybylski RE-RIGGING TRANSBORDER LOGICS ACROSS THE BOUNDED SITE • Gustavo Gili Energyscapes • Mason White, Lola Sheppard Strategies for Infrastructural Opportunism • Barry Bergdoll, Guy Nordenson Rising Currents: Projects for New York‘s Waterfront • Eve Blau: Baku – Oil and urbanism • Neeraj Bhatia The Petropolis of Tomorrow • Russell, R.W. Interactions between migrating birds and offshore oil and gas platforms in the northern Gulf of Mexico: Final Report. • Gerardo Ceballos The Annihilation of Nature: Human Extinction of Birds and Mammals • Anthony Dunne und Fiona Raby Speculative Everything: Design, Fiction and Social Dreaming • Horta-Puga, G. and J. P. Carricart-Ganivet Corales pétreos recientes (Milleporina, Stylasterina y Scleractinia) de México. • Mark Douglas Spalding, C R Ravilous E P Green World Atlas of Coral Reefs • Alexander Korshenko MARINE WATER POLLUTION ANNUAL REPORT 2015 • Tero Harkonen, Mart Jüssi Pup Production and Breeding Distribution of the Caspian Seal (Phoca caspica) in Relation to Human Impacts • Goodman, S. & Dmitrieva Pusa caspica. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species • Thom Van Dooren Flight Ways: Life and Loss at the Edge of Extinction” • THOMAS E. HAUCK & WOLFGANG W. WEISSER Animal Aided Design Brochure • Kieran Hyder, Johan van der Molen Assessing the ecological connectivity between man-made structures in the North Sea (EcoConnect)

Websites

• https://www.nationalgeographic.org/hires/ gulf-mexico-geography-offshore-oil/ • https://www.raconteur.net/risk-management/ decommissioning-the-north-sea-oil-and-gas-rigs-a-greatopportunity-for-the-uk • https://geographyofrussia.com/morya-rossii-kaspijskoe-more/ • https://geographyofrussia.com/morya-rossii-kaspijskoe-more/ • http://www.evolo.us/wp-content/ uploads/2011/03/053-2.jpg • https://www.thelifeisotopic.com/vids • https://worldoceanreview.com/wor-5/ • https://azer.com/aiweb/categories/magazine/92_folder/92_articles/92_platforms.html • http://o-project.jp/Gallery-01.htm • https://www.iflscience.com/environment/almost-half-all-natural-world-heritage-sites-risk-industrial-activity/ • https://blog.nationalgeographic.or g/2018/04/23/2018-the-year-for-coral-reefs/ • https://www.nrcs.usda.gov/wps/portal/nrcs/ detail/plantmaterials/technical/publications/?cid=stelprdb1044274 • https://www.fishbase.de/identification/RegionSpeciesList.php?resultPage=19&e_code=144&SortBy=family • http://geolike.ru/page/gl_3730.htm • http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/caspian-sea-i • https://www.allaboutbirds.org/2018-global-report-40-of-worlds-birds-are-in-decline/ • https://tass.ru/v-strane/3757153 • https://www.scinexx.de/dossierartikel/halb-seehalb-ozean/ • http://www.whoi.edu/news-release/seaweed-fuel • https://www.offshore-mag.com/index/about-us/ history-of-offshore.html • https://www.raconteur.net/risk-management/ decommissioning-the-north-sea-oil-and-gas-rigs-a-greatopportunity-for-the-uk • https://nationalzoo.si.edu/migrato ry-birds/news/mad-island-spring-migration-expedition-blog-2017 • https://www.buwa.nl/en/flight-activity-of-birdsover-the-north-sea.html • https://www.nrcs.usda.gov/wps/portal/nrcs/ detail/plantmaterials/technical/publications/?cid=stelprdb1044274 • http://www.birds.cornell.edu/Page.as px?pid=1478 • https://azer.com/aiweb/categories/magazine/92_folder/92_articles/92_platforms.html • https://response.restoration.noaa.gov/oil-andchemical-spills/oil-spills/oil-spills-water-surface.html • https://www.thespruce.com/how-oil-affectsbirds-386496 • https://www.theguardian.com/sustainable-business/2017/jul/10/100-fossil-fuel-companies-investors-responsible-71-global-emissions-cdp-study-climate-change • https://www.iucnredlist.org/spe cies/41669/45230700 • http://www.caspianenvironment.org/ • http://kaspika.org/en/2018/08/14/documentary-film-save-caspian-seal-2/ • http://www.naturalhistorymag.com/features/112161/fate-of-the-caspian-sea • www.marin.nl • http://www.ecologicstudio.com/v2/lab/project. php?idcat=53&idsubcat=66&idproj=152 • www.offshore-technology.com • sea-technology.com https://www.energyvoice.com/

Acknowledgment

There are several specialists, professors, scientists around the world, friends and family members who have supported me during my thesis. I am immensely grateful for their help. This work would not be possible without the patient guidance, support and supervision of:

• Prof. Dr. Ferdinand Ludwig, Chair for Green Technologies in Landscape Architecture, Technical University Munich • Dr. Thomas Goreau, President of the Global Coral Reef Alliance, • Dr. Bela H. Buck Professorship for Applied Marine Biology, Bremerhaven, Germany • Dr. Simona Augyte, University of Connecticut, Stamford • Prof. Silvia Benedito, visiting Professor at the Chair of Landscape Architecture and Public Space, Technical University of Munich • Emily Hazelwood (Callahan), Blue Latitudes, LLC • Lalin Keyvan • Felix Remter, Infrastructures & Participation Center for Urban Nature and climate Adaptation • Dr. Hans Huber, Architecture in extreme environments, Technical University Munich • Prof. Dr. Wolfgang W. Weisser Department of Ecology and Ecosystemmanagement, Technical University Munich • Jacqueline Vaessen, General Manager of Nexstep, the national platform in the Netherlands for re-use and decommissioning • Eric Kreft, Project Lead Re-use & Decommissioning, EBN Netherland • Aart Geurtsen, Neptune Energy • Roman Freistetten • Viktoria Rusina • Marie Hartmann • Sandra Krüger • Azada Rustamova • Xenia Netter • Wiebke Steen • Joris Messelink • Gular Fattayeva • Felix Fischer • Margriet Messelink • Thomas Truxa • Farhad Orujzade

Feedback

For any critique, recommendation, advice and or questions, you can contact me at:

• dilara.orujzade@gmail.com

• Linkedin: https://www.linkedin.com/in/ dilara-orujzade-40a988bb/

• Riesenfeldstr. 84, 80809, Munich, Germany

Thank you!