as3 migration by dinesh holla

ActionScript 3 速

migration cookbook For Adobe速 Flash速 CS4 Professional

Table of Contents 4 Introduction 6

Top 5 misperceptions about ActionScript 3

Top 5 benefits of ActionScript 3

10 Migration cookbook 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 24 26 27 28 32 34 35 36

Create an untyped variable Create a typed variable Create an untyped function Create a typed function Create an if/else statement Create and loop through an array Create a random number within a range Access root/main timeline of your content Handling button interactions Open a URL Listen for key presses Dynamically attach a MovieClip from the library Dynamically create and draw on a MovieClip Dynamically set the color of a MovieClip Dynamically swap MovieClip depths Dynamically create and loop through MovieClip instances Play an embedded sound Dynamically load and play a sound Dynamically load and display an image Load and read XML

About this guide This guide provides a quick introduction to migrating to ActionScript 3 from ActionScript 2. It is targeted at designers and developers who have some experience scripting content within Adobe Flash Professional. It does not require an understanding of object-oriented programming. This guide is intended as a quick guide and reference that complements the more extensive migration resources and documentation available on the ActionScript 3 Technology Center:

adobe.com/go/as3migration

How to use this guide This guide can be used as both a high-level introduction to ActionScript 3, and a reference for accomplishing frequent tasks when creating content in Flash Professional. The guide is broken down into a number of sections: Introduction: Provides a high-level introduction to ActionScript 3 Top misperceptions: Dispels some of the top misperceptions around ActionScript 3 Top benefits: Lists some of the top benefits of ActionScript 3 Migration cookbook: Shows how to do common tasks in ActionScript 3

38 Notes

This work is released under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial

logo, Flash, Pixel Bender, are either registered trademarks or trademarks of Adobe Systems Incorporated in the

3.0 Unported License.

United States and/or other countries. Printed in the USA. 95012173 03/09

creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0

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What is ActionScript 3? ActionScript 3 is the most current version of the language used for scripting and programming interactive content for the Adobe Flash Platform. The Flash Platform is a complete system of integrated tools, frameworks, clients and servers that can be used to create and deploy Web applications, content and video that run consistently across operating systems and devices, leveraging the ubiquity of Adobe Flash Player and Adobe AIR®. ActionScript 3 was created in order to provide significant performance improvements over ActionScript 2, and to make developing applications easier and more maintainable. However, even though ActionScript 3 was largely targeted at rich Internet application development, its strengths and benefits can also be leveraged when creating more expressive and creative content in Flash Professional, such as animations or motion graphics. In general, ActionScript 3 can be broken down into two main parts: the core language, and the programming APIs. The semantics of the core language are not much different from ActionScript 2 and should not present much of a learning curve. However, the Flash Player APIs have undergone some significant changes, which means that some common tasks are done differently in ActionScript 3. This reference focuses on some of the new ActionScript 3 APIs which are used often, but are different enough from their ActionScript 2 counterparts to potentially cause confusion.

Note that because the MovieClip class is dynamic, if you use the old underscore property names in ActionScript 3, you will not get an error and the property will not be set correctly.

Void has changed to void In ActionScript 2, Void is used to denote when a function does not return anything. In ActionScript 3, the term is now void (all lowercase). Alpha value ranges In ActionScript 2, alpha/transparency values are expressed in a range between 0 and 100. In ActionScript 3, alpha values are now expressed in a range between 0.0 and 1.0. Events ActionScript 3 includes a built-in event model which is used throughout the language. The advantages of the new API include a standard way to handle events, the ability for multiple items to listen to the same event, and correct scoping of event handlers. The syntax for specifying event handlers has changed and you can no longer place event handles directly on symbols within Flash CS4 Professional.

Common compiler errors when migrating to ActionScript 3 Below are a some compile-time errors that are common when migrating content to ActionScript 3.

While learning the new APIs can be frustrating at times, the improved consistency between APIs in ActionScript 3 means that knowledge learned while using one particular API can be applied to learning other APIs. It is this improved consistency between APIs which can significantly reduce the migration and learning curve for ActionScript 3.

1067: Implicit coercion of a value of type Number to an unrelated type String. You are trying to store a value of one type into a variable that is set to store another type.

ActionScript 3 migration gotchas

var s:String;

Below is a list of changes that may trip you up when you first begin working with ActionScript 3. You can find examples of all of the items in the cookbook entries.

n = s;

Use of underscore in MovieClip property names In ActionScript 3, the use of the underscore (“_”) at the beginning of property names for the MovieClip object have been removed in order to provide greater consistency with the rest of the ActionScript APIs. For example, the ActionScript 2 _x, _y, _alpha and _rotation properties have been changed to x, y, alpha, and rotation in ActionScript 3.

For example:

var n:Number = 5;

1136: Incorrect number of arguments. Expected 1. You are calling a function without passing in the correct number of arguments. 1152: A conflict exists with inherited definition flash.display:DisplayObject.transform in namespace public. You have a variable name that conflicts with a built-in property name (most likely contained within the DisplayObject class).

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1. ActionScript 3 is difficult to learn ActionScript 3 is no more difficult to learn than any other programming or scripting language. If you are familiar with ActionScript 2, the language semantics are pretty much the same, although you will need to learn new ways of doing some common tasks. Because the ActionScript 3 APIs are more consistent, learning one new concept and API applies to multiple APIs, making it easier to use newly found knowledge to learn new features and functionality.

2. ActionScript 3 is only for object-oriented programmers ActionScript 3 can be used for both class-based, object-oriented programming, as well as timeline-based scripting. You can use it in whichever way is the most comfortable for you or makes the most sense for your project.

Top

misperceptions about ActionScript 3

3. Targeting ActionScript 3 reduces the Flash Player base that you can target As of December 2008, content targeted for Flash Player 9, the first version that supported ActionScript 3, can be viewed by 98.6% of computers on the Internet.

4. You canâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t write code on the timeline with ActionScript 3 You can place code on the timeline just as you can with ActionScript 1 and 2.

5. ActionScript 2 development is faster than ActionScript 3 While some tasks can require more code in ActionScript 3 than in ActionScript 2, overall development and maintenance time should be the same or less than in ActionScript 2.0 due to improved debugging and better compile-time error catching. Basically, in some cases there may be more code, but it will be much easier to find errors.

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1. Achieve greater performance ActionScript 3 was written from the ground up with performance in mind. Depending on the content, you can see a significant increase in performance. This means that your existing content may run smoother, and your new content can do more, while using the same amount of CPU resources.

2. Leverage new Flash Player APIs Adobe Flash Player 9 and 10 includes a ton of new features which can only be used through ActionScript 3. These include much easier XML APIs via E4X, more advanced display list manipulation, or doing advanced image manipulation with Pixel Benderâ&#x201E;˘ filters. As a general rule, new ActionScript-based features added in the future will only be available via ActionScript 3.

Top

benefits of ActionScript 3

3. Leverage community libraries and APIs Almost all of the major new libraries released by the community are built with ActionScript 3, and include everything from the Papervision3D full 3D engine library to Grant Skinnerâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Gtween animation library.

4. Troubleshoot code more easily The ActionScript 3 compiler provides options for much stricter error checking, which means it is more likely you are going to find bugs and errors before you even begin to run your content. When you do find errors, you can take advantage of some of the new and more advanced debugging features to track them down (and of course, you can still use trace()).

5. Develop content for multiple platforms ActionScript 3 is the standard language used across the Adobe Flash Platform. Moving forward, it is the language that Adobe will focus on supporting in existing and new players (like Adobe AIR), servers, and products. Flash Player 10 supports ActionScript 3, and its use is required for developing for Adobe Flex and Adobe AIR content. In addition, Adobe is working on updating its mobile runtimes to ActionScript 3. In the future, you can expect that new Flash Platform products, runtimes, and services from Adobe will use ActionScript 3.

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cookbook: Create an untyped variable Task: You need to create a variable to store a value. Solution: Use the var keyword to declare a variable. ActionScript 2 var s = "I am a String"; var i = 5;

migration

cookbook ActionScript 2.0 to ActionScript 3.0

ActionScript 3 var s = "I am a String"; var i = 5;

Note: Just as in ActionScript 2, you use the var keyword only the first time you declare the variable. 10

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cookbook: Create a typed variable

cookbook: Create an untyped function

Task: You need to create a variable to store a specific type of value.

Task: You need to create a function that takes an argument and then call it.

Solution: Use the var keyword and specify the variable type.

Solution: Use the function keyword to create a function that takes a variable.

ActionScript 2

var s:String = "I am a String"; var i:Number = 5;

function foo(bar) { trace(bar); } foo("hello");

ActionScript 3

var s:String = "I am a String"; var i:Number = 5;

function foo(bar) { trace(bar); } foo("hello");

Note: Once you type the variable, you can only store data of that type in the variable.

Note: Unlike in ActionScript 2, in ActionScript 3 if you attempt to call the function without any arguments, you will get an error.

For example, the following would throw an error: For example, he following would throw an error: var s:String = "I am a String"; var i:Number = 5; s = i;

because you are trying to store a Number in a variable which you specified was a String.

function foo(bar) { trace(bar); } foo();

The advantage of typing variables is that, in general, it makes your code a little easier to read, the player can run your code faster, and the compiler can find some errors when you compile your content. All of the examples in this cookbook use typed variables. 13

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cookbook: Create a typed function

cookbook: Create an if/else statement

Task: You need to create a function that specifies the type of its arguments, as well as its return type.

Task: You need to branch your code depending on a value in your content. Solution: Use an if/else statement to determine what code to run.

Solution: Use the function keyword and type identifiers to create a function that takes and returns a typed value.

ActionScript 2

function foo(bar:String):Void { trace(bar); }

var value:Number = 5;

foo("hello");

if(value > 5) { trace("value is greater than 5"); } else if(value < 5) { trace("value is less than 5"); } else { trace("value equals 5"); }

ActionScript 3

function foo(bar:String):void { trace(bar); }

var value:Number = 5;

foo("hello");

Note: We specify the return type as void, which means that the function does not return a value. Also note that in ActionScript 3 the usage is void, and not Void as in ActionScript 2. If you try to call the function in ActionScript 3 and pass it a Number instead of a String, you will get an error.

if(value > 5) { trace("value is greater than 5"); } else if(value < 5) { trace("value is less than 5"); } else { trace("value equals 5"); }

Note: You can use the if statement without the else if, and else parts. 15

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cookbook: Create and loop through an Array

cookbook: Create a random number within a range

Task: You need to create an Array and loop through its values.

Task: You need to create a random absolute number between 0 and 10.

Solution: Use a for loop to loop through the Array.

Solution: Use new Math APIs to generate a random number.

ActionScript 2

var a:Array = ["a", "b", "c", "d"];

var max:Number = 10; var randInRange:Number = random(10 + 1);

var len:Number = a.length; for(var i:Number = 0; i < len; i++) { trace(a[i]); }

trace(randInRange);

ActionScript 3

var a:Array = ["a", "b", "c", "d"];

var rand:Number = Math.random(); var max:Number = 10; var randInRange:Number = Math.round(rand * max);

var len:Number = a.length; for(var i:Number = 0; i < len; i++) { trace(a[i]); }

trace(randInRange);

Note: You can also use the Array constructor and push method to populate an Array like so:

Note: The Math.random and Math.round functions are available in ActionScript 2, but are included here for completeness.

var a:Array = new Array(); a.push("a"); a.push("b"); a.push("c"); a.push("d");

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cookbook: Access root/main timeline of your content

cookbook: Handling button interactions

Task: You need to access the root / main timeline of your content.

Task: You need to determine when the user interacts with a button.

Solution: Use the root property to access the root timeline of your content.

Solution: Listen for events broadcast by the button.

ActionScript 2

//function on main timeline

function onButtonRelease():Void { trace("button was clicked"); }

function foo():Void { trace("foo"); } //called from anywhere in content _root.foo();

function onButtonRollOver():Void { trace("button was moused over"); } my_button.onRelease = onButtonRelease; my_button.onRollOver = onButtonRollOver;

ActionScript 3

//function on main timeline

function onButtonClick(event:MouseEvent):void { trace("button was clicked"); }

function foo():void { trace("foo"); } //called from anywhere in SWF MovieClip(root).foo();

function onMouseOver(event:MouseEvent):void { trace("button was moused over"); } my_button.addEventListener(MouseEvent.CLICK, onButtonClick); my_button.addEventListener(MouseEvent.MOUSE_OVER, onMouseOver);

Note: In ActionScript 2 _root always refers to the main timeline of the main SWF. In ActionScript 3, the root property refers to the main timeline of the SWF in which the content originates. In most cases, these will be the same in either version of ActionScript. The main exception is where the property is being called from within a SWF that has been loaded into another SWF. In ActionScript 2 _root will refer to the main timeline of the main SWF (that loaded the other SWF). In ActionScript 3 the root property refers to the main timeline of the loaded SWF (and not the timeline of the SWF which loaded the other SWF).

Note: Both examples assume there is a button symbol instance named "my_button" on the same timeline as the code.

The root property is only available in DisplayObject instances (such as MovieClip, Sprite and Button). 19

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cookbook: Open a URL

cookbook: Listen for key presses

Task: You need to open a URL in a new browser window.

Task: You need to detect when the user presses a key.

Solution: Use navigateToURL to open URLs in ActionScript 3.

Solution: Listen for the KeyboardEvent.KEY_UP event.

ActionScript 2

getURL("http://www.adobe.com", "_blank");

function onKeyDown():Void { var code:Number = Key.getCode(); var char:String = String.fromCharCode(code); trace("Key Down : code : " + code + " char : " + char); } Key.addListener(this);

ActionScript 3

var url:URLRequest = new URLRequest("http://www.adobe.com"); navigateToURL(url, "_blank");

function onKeyDownHandler(event:KeyboardEvent):void { var code:uint = event.keyCode; var char:String = String.fromCharCode(code); trace("Key Down : code : " + code + " char : " + char); } stage.addEventListener(KeyboardEvent.KEY_UP, onKeyDownHandler);

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cookbook: Dynamically attach a MovieClip from the library Task: You need to dynamically attach a MovieClip from the library. Solution: Use the MovieClip constructor to attach a symbol from the library. ActionScript 2 attachMovie("my_clip", "clip", 10); clip._x = 100; clip._y = 100; clip._alpha = 50;

ActionScript 3 var clip:MovieClip = new my_clip(); clip.x = 100; clip.y = 100; clip.alpha = .5;

Setting the class name for a MovieClip symbol for use in ActionScript 3

addChild(clip);

Note: In ActionScript 2 the linkage ID , “my_clip” is set in the library for the MovieClip, whereas in ActionScript 3, the class name , “my_clip” is set. 23

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cookbook: Dynamically create and draw on a MovieClip Task: You need to dynamically create a MovieClip, place it on the Stage and draw on it. Solution: Use the MovieClip constructor to create the MovieClip and then draw into its graphics property. ActionScript 2

ActionScript 3

function drawCircle(target_mc:MovieClip, radius:Number, fillColor:Number, fillAlpha:Number) { var x:Number = radius; var y:Number = radius; with (target_mc) { beginFill(fillColor, fillAlpha); moveTo(x + radius, y); curveTo(radius + x, Math.tan(Math.PI / 8) * radius + y, Math.sin(Math.PI / 4) * radius + x, Math.sin(Math.PI / 4) * radius + y); curveTo(Math.tan(Math.PI / 8) * radius + x, radius + y, x, radius + y); curveTo(-Math.tan(Math.PI / 8) * radius + x, radius+ y, -Math.sin(Math.PI / 4) * radius + x, Math.sin(Math.PI / 4) * radius + y); curveTo(-radius + x, Math.tan(Math.PI / 8) * radius + y, -radius + x, y); curveTo(-radius + x, -Math.tan(Math.PI / 8) * radius + y, -Math.sin(Math.PI / 4) * radius + x, -Math.sin(Math.PI / 4) * radius + y); curveTo(-Math.tan(Math.PI / 8) * radius + x, -radius + y, x, -radius + y); curveTo(Math.tan(Math.PI / 8) * radius + x, -radius + y, Math.sin(Math.PI / 4) * radius + x, -Math.sin(Math.PI / 4) * radius + y); curveTo(radius + x, -Math.tan(Math.PI / 8) * radius + y, radius + x, y); endFill(); } }

var clip:MovieClip = new MovieClip(); addChild(clip); clip.x = 250; clip.y = 250; clip.graphics.lineStyle(2, 0xF89950); clip.graphics.beginFill(0xFFe0AC, .5); clip.graphics.drawCircle(0, 0, 200);

createEmptyMovieClip("circle_mc", 10); circle_mc._x = 250; circle_mc._y = 250; drawCircle(circle_mc, 250, 0xFFe0AC, 50);

Circle dynamically drawn in ActionScript 3.0 Note: In ActionScript 2 drawing is done directly on the MovieClip, whereas in ActionScript 3, it is done on the graphics property of the MovieClip. 25

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cookbook: Dynamically set the color of a MovieClip

cookbook: Dynamically swap MovieClip depths

Task: You need to dynamically set the color of a MovieClip.

Task: You need to dynamically swap the depths of two MovieClip instances.

Solution: Use the colorTransform property to set the color.

Solution: Use the swapChildren API.

ActionScript 2

var clip:MovieClip = attachMovie("circle_clip", "circle_clip", 1);

var clip_1:MovieClip = attachMovie("blue_square", "clip_1", 1);

clip._x = 100; clip._y = 100;

clip_1._x = 100; clip_1._y = 100;

function onStageClick():Void

var clip_2:MovieClip = attachMovie("green_square", "clip_2", 2);

{ var c:Color = new Color(clip); c.setRGB(Math.random() * 0xFFFFFF); } onMouseUp = onStageClick;

clip_2._x = 115; clip_2._y = 115; function onStageClick():Void { clip_1.swapDepths(clip_2); } onMouseUp = onStageClick;

ActionScript 3 var clip:MovieClip = new circle_clip(); clip.x = 100;

ActionScript 3

clip.y = 100;

var clip_1:MovieClip = new green_square();

addChild(clip);

clip_1.x = 100; clip_1.y = 100;

function onStageClick(event:MouseEvent):void

var clip_2:MovieClip = new blue_square();

{ var c:ColorTransform = new ColorTransform(); c.color = (Math.random() * 0xFFFFFF); clip.transform.colorTransform = c; } stage.addEventListener(MouseEvent.CLICK, onStageClick);

Note: Math.random * 0xFFFFFF creates a random color.

clip_2.x = 115; clip_2.y = 115; addChild(clip_1); addChild(clip_2); stage.addEventListener(MouseEvent.CLICK, onStageClick); function onStageClick(event):void { swapChildren(clip_1, clip_2); }

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cookbook: Dynamically create and loop through MovieClip instances Task: You need to dynamically create and then loop through MovieClips. Solution: Use DisplayList and DisplayListContainer container methods. ActionScript 2

ActionScript 3

var numItems:Number = 250; var stageWidth:Number = Stage.width; var stageHeight:Number = Stage.height;

var container:MovieClip = new MovieClip(); addChild(container); var numItems:Number = 250; var stageWidth:Number = stage.stageWidth; var stageHeight:Number = stage.stageHeight;

createEmptyMovieClip("container", 2); container.height = stageHeight; container.width = stageWidth; function initClips():Void { var clipName:String; for(var i:Number = 0; i < numItems; i++) { clipName = "circle_clip_" + i; container.attachMovie("circle_mc", clipName, i + 5 ); randomizeClip(container[clipName]); } } function randomizeClip(clip:MovieClip):Void { clip._x = random(stageWidth); clip._y = random(stageHeight); clip._xscale = random(200); clip._yscale = random(200); var c:Color = new Color(clip); c.setRGB(Math.random() * 0xFFFFFF); clip._alpha = random(100); } function onEnterFrame():Void { var c:MovieClip; for(var i:Number = 0; i < numItems; i++) { c = container["circle_clip_" + i]; randomizeClip(c); } } initClips();

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Dynamically created MovieClip instances from the example on previous page

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cookbook: Play an embedded sound Task: You need to play a sound contained within your content and set its volume. Solution: Use the Sound, SoundChannel, and SoundTransform classes to play and manipulate sounds.

ActionScript 2 function onSoundComplete():Void { trace("sound is completed"); }

Setting the class name for an embedded sound for ActionScript 3

var my_sound:Sound = new Sound(); my_sound.attachSound("beep_id"); my_sound.setVolume(50); my_sound.onSoundComplete = onSoundComplete; my_sound.start();

ActionScript 3 function onSoundComplete(event:Event):void { trace("sound is completed"); } var my_sound:Sound = new beep_id(); var sTransform:SoundTransform = new SoundTransform(); sTransform.volume = .5;

var channel:SoundChannel = my_sound.play(); channel.soundTransform = sTransform; channel.addEventListener(Event.SOUND_COMPLETE, onSoundComplete);

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cookbook: Dynamically load and play a sound

cookbook: Dynamically load and display an image

Task: You need to dynamically load and play an MP3 file.

Task: You need to dynamically load and display an image.

Solution: Use the Sound.load API to load and control the sound.

Solution: Use the Loader class to load the image.

ActionScript 2

var sound = new Sound();

createEmptyMovieClip("loader", 10);

sound.loadSound("sound.mp3", true);

loader.loadMovie("image.png"); loader._x = 100; loader._y = 100; loader._rotation = 20; loader._alpha = 50;

ActionScript 3

var url = new URLRequest("sound.mp3");

var request:URLRequest = new URLRequest("image.png"); var loader:Loader = new Loader(); loader.load(request);

var sound = new Sound(); sound.load(url); sound.play();

loader.x = 100; loader.y = 100; loader.rotation = 20; loader.alpha = .5; addChild(loader);

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cookbook: Load and read XML Task: You need to load and read an XML file. Solution: Use the URLLoader API to load the XML and the E4X XML API to parse it. ActionScript 2

ActionScript 3

function onXMLLoad(success:Boolean):Void { trace(this);

onXMLLoad(event:Event):void { var xml:XML = new XML(event.target.data); trace(xml);

trace("Number of Contacts : " + this.firstChild.childNodes[0].childNodes.length); var firstPerson:XMLNode = this.firstChild.childNodes[0].childNodes[0]; var nodes:Array = firstPerson.childNodes; var nodeLen:Number = nodes.length;

var node:XMLNode; var favoriteFood:String; for(var i:Number = 0; i < nodeLen; i++) { node = nodes[i]; if(node.nodeName == "favoriteFood") { favoriteFood = node.firstChild.nodeValue; } } trace("First contact’s favorite food : " + favoriteFood); } var my_xml:XML = new XML(); my_xml.onLoad = onXMLLoad; my_xml.ignoreWhite = true; my_xml.load("contacts.xml");

}

trace("Number of Contacts : " + xml..person.length()); trace("First contact’s favorite food : " + xml.contacts.person[0].favoriteFood);

var loader:URLLoader = new URLLoader(); var url:URLRequest = new URLRequest("contacts.xml"); loader.addEventListener(Event.COMPLETE, onXMLLoad); loader.load(url);

Note: Both examples use the following XML contained in a file called contacts.xml: <xml> <contacts> <person> <name>Mike Chambers</name> <favoriteFood>Bacon</favoriteFood> </person> <person> <name>John Doe</name> <favoriteFood>Pez</favoriteFood> </person> </contacts> </xml>

Note: in the ActionScript 3 example this in the onXMLLoad function refers to the timeline that contains the code, while in the ActionScript 2 example, this refers to the XML object instance. 37

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notes:

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Online resources and information ActionScript® 3 migration resources

Designer and developer centers

ActionScript® 3 Migration Center adobe.com/go/as3migration

Adobe Flash® developer center adobe.com/go/flashdevcenter

ActionScript® 3 Migration Reference adobe.com/go/as2toas3

ActionScript® developer center adobe.com/go/flash_as3

Forums

Adobe design center adobe.com/designcenter/

ActionScript® 3 Forum adobe.com/go/as3_forums Adobe Flash® Forum adobe.com/go/flash_forums

Documentation ActionScript® 3 API Reference adobe.com/go/flash_docs Adobe Flash® CS4 Professional Support Center adobe.com/support/flash/

Product technology pages Flash Player adobe.com/go/flash Adobe Creative Suite® 4 adobe.com/go/creativesuite