Metric 18 indoor sport facilities by đình trung Phan

18 Indoor sports facilities Peter Ackroyd and Gerald Perrin

KEY POINTS: Because of the British climate, more and more indoor facilities for sport are needed Encouraging everyone to learn and enjoy swimming is a priority Provision divides into leisure and competitive facilities

• • •

CI/SfB: 541, 562 UDC: 725.74, 725.85 Uniclass: F541, F562

activities in sections 3–5 and even some of those in section 6 can take place in a suitable sports hall. However, the demand for time in sports halls is so great that those activities that can be carried on in less expensive accommodation tend to be confined to projectile halls and ancillary halls. In this section, information about the activities will be found under the most appropriate space.

Contents 1 Introduction 2 Sports centres 3 Sports halls 4 Ancillary halls 5 Projectile halls 6 Special spaces 7 Types of swimming pool: competition, learner, training and diving pools 8 Water activities 9 Leisure pools and water features 10 Movable floor pools 11 Pool details and lane markings 12 Changing provision 13 Provision for disabled people 14 Pool capacity analysis 15 Bibliography

1 INTRODUCTION Indoor sporting activity can be competitive, recreational or for training purposes. Most facilities are designed to cater for all three, and are either general-purpose spaces such as sports halls or special to one activity or range of activities, such as a swimming pool, squash court or ice rink. The different sports and activities will be found in alphabetical order in sections 3–6: whichever is appropriate. Swimming is covered in sections 7–14. Outdoor activities are covered in Chapter 20 of this Handbook. In this chapter, the information given about each activity will generally be confined to the required overall sizes at the various recognised levels:

18.1 Space and circulation diagram of a large wet and dry sports centre

N – international and national competition C – county and club competition and R – recreational. For further information, such as detailed dimensions, equipment, environmental installations, etc. refer to the Handbook of Sports and Recreational Building Design.

2 SPORTS CENTRES Some sports centres are large complexes encompassing wet and dry sports. 18.1 shows the possible elements of such a complex, some of which are omitted in smaller centres. 18.2 is a plan of a large centre. The essential elements of a small dry sports centre are shown in 18.3, and a plan of a centre in 18.4.

3 SPORTS HALLS 3.01 Use of facilities Sports halls are general-purpose spaces intended to cater for a great variety of activities. Some of these can take place simultaneously, but others need exclusive use for a time. In general, all the

18.2 Dunstable leisure centre: a leisure pool and dry facilities on a school site 18-1

18-2

Indoor sports facilities

3.02 Sizes Only the largest of halls will satisfy all required standards of play for all indoor sports, and therefore it will be necessary to decide on upon the range of sports and levels before determining the floor area. Table I shows what can be accommodated in the various standard sizes of hall. The same floor area may provide for international standard in one or two sports and at the same time offer a wide variety of other activities at a lower standard. Typical arrangements are shown in 18.5–18.18.

3.03 Height The height of the underside of the roof structure, or the ceiling if there is one, above the floor is specified by each sport’s governing body, and this is a critical design factor. Badminton, tennis and trampolining require an unrestricted height of 9.1 m for international competition, while 7.6 m is necessary at C level in all sports except those for which height is not critical. However, a height greater than justified by the intended use will increase running costs in heating, lighting and maintenance.

18.3 Main elements of a dry sports centre

3.04 Construction The construction and fabric of the hall should be such as to minimise damage, both accidental and from vandalism. Sports halls should only be naturally lit from above; any form of vertical glazing will produce some glare.

3.05 Activities The sizes required for various activities in the sports hall are shown in 18.19–18.32 (scale 1:500).

4 ANCILLARY HALLS To economise in the use of the large sports halls, larger centres have practice halls suitable for some smaller-scale activities. The two suggested sizes are: 12 3.5–4.5 m • 1521–24 • 12 4.5 m with a divider. Sizes for various activities in this type of hall are given in 18.33– 18.40 (scale 1:500). For yoga, each person will lie on the floor on a mat or blanket and will ideally need a clear area of 2.5 m diameter.

5 PROJECTILE HALLS 18.41–18.43 show plans and sections of a range of projectile rooms, and Table II shows which sports can be covered by them. The spaces required are given in 18.44–18.48 (scale 1:500). Where the projectile room is to be used for firearms shooting, the construction must be to safety standards and robust enough to withstand the use. It may be found that this use will severely restrict the projectile hall’s use for other activities.

18.4 Harpenden, a small compactly designed centre. The social areas have been positioned to take advantage of the parkland site. a First floor. b Ground floor

6 SPECIAL SPACES There are a number of activities that need spaces permanently and exclusively reserved for them. This may be due to the weight or size of the equipment, such as billiards/snooker, or because the playing area is closely defined, such as squash or real tennis. For some of these, semi-portable equipment is now being produced, but these are generally designed for special occasions such as national championships. The critical sizes for these special spaces are given in 18.49–18.59 (scale 1:500 except where shown otherwise).

Table I Definition of sizes: maximum number of courts related to standards of play Large hallfr

Medium hallsfr

36.5 32 9.1 m 1168 m2

Aikido

32 26 7.6–9.1 m 832 m2

Small halls

29 26 7.6–9.1 m 754 m2

32 23 7.6–9.1 m 736 m2

32 17 6.7–7.6 m 544 m2

29.5 16.5 6.7–7.6 m 486.75 m2

Community halls 26 16.5 6.7–7.6 m 429 m2

22.5 16.5 6.7–7.6 m 371.25 m2

17.0–20.0 15.6 6.7 m 265.2–321 m2

17.0–8.5 6.7 m 144.5 m2

No.

Standard

No.

Standard

No.

Standard

No.

Standard

No.

Standard

No.

Standard

No.

Standard

No.

Standard

No.

Standard

No.

Standard

4 6

N C

2 þ3( )

C R

2 3(1 )

N R

1 2

N R

–

– 2

– R1

– 1

– R1

30 m 25 m 18 m 20 yd

Archery (length of shoot)

25 m 18 m 20 yd

s 25m 18 m 20 yd

25m

18 m 20 yd

18 m 15 yd

Badminton

5 6(2 )

N R

3/4 4

NC R

4 6

N1 R

3 4

C R

Basketball

1 2

N C /R

1 2

N R

1 1

R Mini BB

Mini BB

–

Bowls (portable non–competitive rinks)

–

Boxing (training rings)

9 12

N R

6 12

N R

4 9

N R

6 8

N R

3 6

C R

3 5

C R

2 5

C R

2 4

C R

2 4

C R

2 –

R –

Cricket six–a-side pitches ns

1 2

N C

–

Cricket nets

–

Fencing (pistes)

12 14

N C

8(3 ) 9

N C

7 8

N C

6 8

N C

3/4 2/3

N/C R

3/4 þ2

N/C R

3/4 þ1

N/C R

3 4

N C

Five-a-side football

1 2

N R

1 2

C R

–

Gymnastics (Olympic) Handball

–

Mini handball

–

Hockey

–

Judo

4 6

N R

2 4

N C

1 4

N C

2 4

N R

2 3

N R

1 2

N C

1 2

N R

1 2

N R

1/2 –

R –

–

Karate

4 12

N R

2/4 6

N/C R

2 4/6

N C/R

2 6

N R

2 6

N R

2 3

N /C R

1/2 3

N/C R

1 2

N R

1 2

N R

2 –

R –

Keep fit; Movement and dance; Yoga, ns Kendo

4 6

N R

ü 2 4

N C

ü 2 4

N C

ü 2 4

N R

ü 2

ü 2 2

N C

ü 1 2

N C

ü 1 2

N R

ü 1 –

R –

ü –

–

(Continued)

Table I (Continued) Large hallfr

Medium hallsfr

36.5 32 9.1 m 1168 m2 No.

Standard

32 26 7.6–9.1 m 832 m2 No.

Standard

Small halls

29 26 7.6–9.1 m 754 m2 No.

Standard

32 23 7.6–9.1 m 736 m2 No.

Standard

32 17 6.7–7.6 m 544 m2 No.

Standard

29.5 16.5 6.7–7.6 m 486.75 m2

Community halls 26 16.5 6.7–7.6 m 429 m2

22.5 16.5 6.7–7.6 m 371.25 m2

17.0–20.0 15.6 6.7 m 265.2–321 m2

17.0–8.5 6.7 m 144.5 m2

No.

Standard

No.

Standard

No.

Standard

No.

Standard

No.

Standard

Lacrosse F

–

Lawn tennis

1 2

N R

–

Micro korfball

–

Netball

1 2

N C /R

–

Table tennisc/c

10 15/21

N C/C

6 10/15

N C/C

6 10/12

N C/C

6 10/12

N C/C

7/9 14

C/C R

7 12

C/C R

6/7 10

C/C R

4 8

C/C R

3–6 6-8

C/C R

Trampolining

8 12

N R

4 8

N C/R

4 6

C R

Tug of war

–

Volleyball

N C R

N /C

–

1 2 3

Weight lifting contests

–

Wrestling

4 12

N C

2 6

N C

2 6

N C

2 3

N C

3 8

C R

2 6

C R

2 6

C R

2 4

C R

2 –

R –

Key N National/international standard C County/club standard R Recreational standard P Practice area only c/c For table tennis there are two grades of minimum space allowances for inter-county/inter-club standards of play fr Fire regulations and maximum compartment volumes should be checked. Halls of 7000 m3 or over need a DOE waiver, ‘Volume’ can include an unenclosed structural roof spaces ns No standards have yet been laid down S Area behind shooting line is below safety standard recommended. Acceptable space can be provided with a slight lengthening of the hall; or existing spaces may be used for practice purposes Below minimum space standard recommended by the governing body concerned, but capable of providing purposeful and enjoyable activity Recreational standard where the hall is less than 7.6 m clear height for badminton and trampolining, or less than 7.0 m for basketball and volleyball 6.7 m height is suitable for mini basketball and mini volleyball County/club standard where the hall is less than 9.0 m clear height

Indoor sports facilities

18.7 Alternative arrangements for large sports halls

18.5 Alternative arrangements for large sports halls

18.8 Alternative arrangements for medium-size halls

18.6 Alternative arrangements for large sports halls

18.9 Alternative arrangements for medium-size halls

18-5

18-6

Indoor sports facilities

18.13 Alternative arrangements for medium-size halls 18.10 Alternative arrangements for medium-size halls

18.11 Alternative arrangements for medium-size halls

18.14 For small halls

18.12 Alternative arrangements for medium-size halls

18.15 For small halls

Indoor sports facilities

18.16 For small halls

18.17 Wycombe sports centre: plan of court markings and equipment fixings in sports hall

18-7

18-8

Indoor sports facilities

18.18 Tamworth sports centre: plan of court markings and equipment fixings

18.19 Badminton, a doubles court for all standards of play. Where courts are placed side by side, tournaments are held with seating and play on alternate courts. Heights lower than 7.6 m are discouraged by the Badminton Association of England

18.20 Basketball. At a recreational level, this game can be played in a school gymnasium 21.3 12.2 m

18.21 Five-a-side football. This needs rebound walls all round to about a height of 2 m, but can be adapted to the available space. In a medium-size sports hall 18.10, the playing area is the size of the hall. At a recreational level the game may be played in a small size hall, about 30 15 m being regarded as a reasonable minimum. Depending on age and sizes of players, their numbers on the pitch could be reduced as necessary for satisfaction. This game can also be played out of doors, but difficulties may be experienced in installing suitably robust rebound walls

Indoor sports facilities

18-9

18.25 Hockey. Team sizes are adjusted according to the size of the available pitch. Side boards should be provided 100 100 mm with a 20 mm inward tilt

18.22 Men’s gymnastics. See 18.54 for special practice spaces

18.26 Korfball. In halls of smaller dimensions, allow for full safety margins, keep pitch width about 18–20 m, and maximum possible length up to 40 m

18.23 Women’s gymnastics. See 18.54

18.24 Handball, seven-a-side

18.27 Netball

18-10

Indoor sports facilities

18.28 Pop Lacrosse. This has superseded indoor women’s lacrosse. It can also be played out of doors, when there is no boundary. The size approximates to four badminton courts, and could be played on a five-a-side football pitch. For further details, refer to the English Lacrosse Union, Ashton-under-Lyne, Lancs, or the All England Women’s Lacrosse Association, Birmingham

18.30 Trampoline. The ‘bed’ is 0.95–1.05 m above the ground. Synchronised competitions must be parallel to each other and 2 m apart. Note etxended length of end frame units from that previously published

18.31 Tug-of-war

18.32 Volleyball

18.29 Tennis

18.33 Aikido

Indoor sports facilities 18-11

18.34 Boxing. A ring for recreational purposes may be only 3.6 m square. For competitions, in addition to the ring and spectator accommodation the following are needed: examination room • Medical Weighing • Gloving-uproom room • Administrative • Lighting above facilities • Water supply totheeachring‘corner’ •

18.39 Table tennis. See Table III for overall dimensions. The table is 0.76 m high, and normally requires a space 1.4 1.6 0.5 m for storage. When in use, each table requires individual lighting

18.35 Fencing pistes

18.40 Wrestling

18.36 Judo

18.41 Small projectile hall: a. Section. b. Plan

18.37 Karate. Regional competitions require three international size combat areas

18.38 Kendo

18.42 Medium-Projectile hall: a. Section. b. Plan

18-12

Indoor sports facilities

7 TYPES OF SWIMMING POOL: COMPETITION, LEARNER, TRAINING AND DIVING POOLS 7.01 There has been a general trend away from pools designed specifically for competition and diving towards shallow water, free-form ‘fun’ pools with many features including water rides. The introduction of compulsory competitive tendering (CCT) has further increased the emphasis on income-producing dryside provision, in the form of fitness rooms, health and beauty suites, sunbeds, saunas and steam rooms. This dryside space around the fun pool is often themed to represent ‘tropical paradises’ where dense planting provides the backcloth for steel bands, travel agencies, and poolside refreshments. Indoor/outdoor pools – often seen in European countries – are becoming popular. Demand for serious swimming facilities in the meantime has reappeared in the form of 25 m pools with six or eight lanes, 18.60. Many older 33.33 m pools have been converted into combined

18.43 Large projectile hall: a. Section. b. Plan

Table II Projectile halls

Air rifle Archery Bowls Cricket Fencing Golf practice Pistol shooting Rifle shooting Table squash Table tennis

Large 30.3 12.8 4.6

Medium 30.3 9.75 3.6–4.6

Small 30.3 5.3 3.6

12 firing points 3 details 6 archers 3 targets 2/4.5 27 m roll-up rinks (if no shooting) 3 nets 6-a-side cricket 1 piste 4 practice pistes 4 ranges 7 firing points 10 with side screens 12 firing points ranges 25 m, 25 yd, 15 yd 15 tables 15 tables

8 firing points 3 details of 4 archers range 18 m 1 roll-up rink (if no shooting) 2 nets 1 piste 3 ranges 5 firing points 9 firing points 8 tables 8 tables

4 firing points 2 details of 4 archers 1 rink 1 net 1 piste 1 range 3 firing points 4 firing points 4 tables 4 tables

Table III Dimensions for table tennis playing space (m) L

Ceiling height

Clear height below lights

14.0 11.0–14.0 min 10.0 8.0 7.6

7.0 5.50–7.0 min 5.0 5.0 4.6

4.20 4.20 4.20 4.20 –

4.05 4.05 4.05 4.05 2.7

Standard of play International matches Inter-league and inter-county matches Practice and inter-club matches Tournaments (more than one table) Recreational play

Table IV Dimensions for indoor athletics tracks (m) Lap length

Length of straight (s)

Length of bend (B)

Radius of bend (R)y

Overall length (L1)

Overall width (W)

6-track

4-track

6-track

4-track

Space for sprint straight (L2)

200

35z 50 52.25 65

65 50 47.75 35z

20.49 15.716 15.0 10.94

88 93.44 94.25 98.88

84 89.44 90.25 94.88

53 43.44 42 33.88

49 39.44 38 29.88

75.98 81.44 82.25 86.88

160

35z 40 45

45 40 35z

14.124 12.532 10.941

75.25 77.06 78.88

71.25 73.06 74.88

40.25 37.06 33.88

36.25 33.06 29.88

63.25 65.06 66.88

y z

Measured 200 mm from inside of outer white line around flat-edged track, or 300 mm inside a raised border or edge framework Nett radius allowing for 200 mm deduction. The smaller the radius, the greater the inclination of the banking, 10 –18 max A European Athletic Association regulation minimum dimension

Indoor sports facilities 18-13

18.49 Athletics: requirements for straight sprint

18.44 Archery. International and national shoots require ranges of 30, 25 and 18 m, and of 20 yards (18.288 m). For club and recreational shoots 15 yards (13.716 m) will do, but 30 m is preferred for competition practice. Archers stand no closer together than 1.25 m when on the shooting line, with two or three to each target. The minimum ceiling height is 3 m. Where there is no public access the distance between the side wall and the first target should be at least 1.2 m. Where spectator accommodation is required, advice should be sought from the Grand National Archery Society. Storage is required for straw bosses and stands, preferably at the target end; and lockable storage for portable bow racks and tackle boxes

18.50 Athletics: indoor tracks 200 and 160 m laps, with straight sprint in centre. See Table IV for dimensions. It is no longer considered satisfactory to fit a running track inside the cycle track in 18.53. If spectator accommodation is needed around the track, a building of considerable clear span is necessary as supports in the central area are not acceptable

18.45 Bowling. A single rink in a projectile hall. See also 18.52

18.46 Cricket practice nets. For the six-a-side game (not illustrated) the playing area is 30.4–36.5 18.9–30.4 6.1–7.6 m high 18.51 Billiards and snooker. The agreed international size, due to become mandatory in 2025, of 3.5 1.75 m measured inside the cushions, has had little acceptance, even in major competitions

18.47 Golf practice

18.48 Shooting range, small-bore target. For rifle shooting, ranges at 25 m, 25 yards and 15 yards are required at minimum 1.05 m centres. Pistols (where permitted) use 25 m and 25 yards at 1.8 m centres, or 1.15 m with side screens: a. Section. b. Plan

18.52 Bowling. Four rinks are the minimum for recreation, six are required for tournaments

18-14

Indoor sports facilities

18.53 Cycling, 250 m track. This is relatively steeply banked. The 333 1/3 m track [24.48] can be used internally

18.56 Rackets, or racquets: a. Section. b. Plan

18.57 Real (or royal) tennis. The dimensions are those at Hampton Court which is reputed to be the widest and among the longest 18.54 Gymnastics practice: training hall at Lilleshall Hall NSC: a. Cross-section. b. Plan

18.55 Ice hockey. Rinks are usually sized to accommodate the â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;padâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;; this should be surrounded by a 1.2 m high barrier

18.58 Rugby fives: a. Section. b. Plan

Indoor sports facilities 18-15

7.02 Dimensions for competition pools Dimensions of these pools, are strictly laid down by major governing bodies for swimming (FINA – international: ASA for UK). Changes are made from time to time and it is advisable to seek up-to-date information from the relevant authorities.

18.59 Squash. All dimensions are highly critical and are to internal finished surfaces, which are plastered to a special specification: a. Section. b. Plan

7.03 Competition pools Competition pools are based upon long-course 50 m, 18.64, or short-course 25 m, 18.65 requirements. Long-course pools have a minimum width of 21 m or 25 m for Olympic competition. The minimum depth of water may be 1 m, although 1.2 m is preferred in 21 m wide pools. Olympic standard pools require a minimum depth of 1.8 m.

competition and learner pools by means of causeways at the 25 m mark, 18.61. Hybrid pools with 25 m training lanes down the centre and free-form sides are becoming increasingly common, 18.62. Another leisure pool is shown in 18.63. The refurbishment of old Edwardian pools and buildings of similar vintage (corn exchanges, sawmills, etc.) has increased the present stock of good pools considerably, especially in the UK and Holland.

7.04 Short-course pools Short-course, 25 m, pools should have a width of 13 m for six-lane competition, or 17 m for eight-lane competition. Minimum water depth should be 0.9–1 m (preferably 1.2 m following recent court findings relating to accidents in shallow water pools). Maximum depth may be 1.8–2 m. These pools are suitable for ASA National, District and County standard competitions.

18.60 25 m pool complex

18-16

Indoor sports facilities

7.05 Training pools Training pools of 25 m length may have four or five lanes (9 and 11 m wide). Depths should be as for short-course pools. In both cases, the last 6 m of the deep end should be level.

18.61 Plan of 33 1/3þ metre pool, showing use as 25 metre pool plus learner pool

7.06 Learner pools Learner pools for beginners and non-swimmers, 18.66, should preferably be separated from the main pool far safety reasons and in order to maintain higher air and water temperatures. Steps along one side form part of the water-acclimatisation process especially for the young. Ramps are sometimes included for disabled nonambulant users, although with level deck pools these have become largely unnecessary. Handrails should be provided where steps lead down into the water. Dimensions are based upon class size down one long side (classes are of 30–35 pupils on average), with the width allowing beginners to take at least three or four strokes before reaching the side. Common dimensions are length 12–13 m, width 7–10 m and depth 0.7 m at the foot of steps to 0.9–1.2 m at the deep end. 7.07 Pools for the very young (two months old) These are frequently provided separately, 18.67, to acclimatise children to water accompanied by parents. Shallow water, seat/ steps, and water features such as slides and play furniture make up the main characteristics of these pools. There are no fixed dimensions or shapes. 7.08 Hydrotherapy pools These are commonly seen throughout Europe, particularly in Germany and Austria, for the elderly or infirm, 18.68. The water is heavily salinated to assist swimming and healing. The increasing number of sports injuries clinics now appearing in the UK suggests a wider role for this type of pool.

18.62 Hybrid pool

7.09 Diving pools Diving pools attached to main competition pools have been superseded by specialist diving facilities in separate self-contained spaces where diving can be carried on without interruption. The minimum distance to other pools should be 5 m. The minimum requirements for a diving pool are given in 18.69 and Table V. Olympic or international standard competition diving requires more rigorous standards, 18.70, and associated specialist facilities such as sprays to ripple the water surface and lifts to the higher diving boards. The FINA/ASA standards for these are shown in 18.71 and Table VI. An example of this type is shown in 18.72. National training status requires length 30 m, width 25 m and depths as Table V. All dimensions should be checked with the relevant authorities as they may be amended from time to time.

8 WATER ACTIVITIES A number of activities are currently associated with deep water in hybrid or competition pools. 8.01 Water polo Water depth at Olympic standard should be not less than 1.8 m, and for lesser play, 1.2 m. The fields of play are: standard 30 20 m • Olympic Club standard 25 10 m. •

18.63 Plan of a leisure pool

The standards are shown in 18.73. However, the game can be played as a recreation in a standard pool, 18.74. The field is marked above water level at the pool sides. Space should be accessible for the free movement of the referee and goal judges at goal lines.

Indoor sports facilities 18-17

18.64 Plan of 50 m pool

a Plan

b Longitudinal section

18.65 25 m pool

a Plan

b Section

18.66 Learner pool a Plan

b Section through pool

18.67 Plan of toddlersâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; pool

18.68 Hydrotherapy pool complex

18-18

Indoor sports facilities

b Section

a Plan

18.69 Diving pool (see Table V for dimensions) Table V Minimum dimensions in metres for diving boards Type of board A B C D E F G H J K M N P

Board height Clearance forward Clearance to sides Clearance behind Centre of adjoining board Clearance overhead Depth of water Depth maintained forward Depth maintained to sides Board length Board width Clearance forwards overhead Clearance sides and behind Overhead

Spring

Fixed

1.0 7.5 2.5 1.5 2.5 4.6 3.0 5.3 2.2 4.8 0.5 5.0 2.75

3.0 9.0 3.5 1.5 2.5 4.6 3.5 6.0 2.7 4.8 0.5 5.0 2.75

5.0 10.25 3.8 1.25 2.5 3.0 3.8 6.0 3.0 5.0 2.0 5.0 2.75

7.5 11.0 4.5 1.5 2.5 3.2 4.1 8.0 3.0 6.0 2.0 5.0 2.75

10.0 13.5 4.5 1.5 2.5 3.4 4.5 10.5 3.0 6.0 2.0 6.0 2.75

The 7.5 m board is mainly used for training. A tolerance of 0.1 is permissible on board height, relate all dimensions to front edge centre of each board.

b Elevation from pool

a Plan

18.70 Olympic regulations diving platform assembly and pool

c Side elevation and pool cross-section

Indoor sports facilities 18-19

a Side view

b Frontal view

18.71 FINA/ASA dimensions for diving facilities (see Table VI) 8.02 Synchronised swimming This has become progressively popular over recent years and is now performed up to Olympic standard. Water should be not less than 1.8–2 m. Provision should be made for underwater windows, lighting and sound for coaching purposes. 8.03 Sub-aqua diving Water should be not less than 1.5–2 m in depth with a high degree of clarity. Other requirements are:

• Waterfall water, jungle river, lazy river/indoor–outdoor rides • Rapids/wild Whirlpool • Jacuzzi spa bath • Plume/water rides • Slides • Lagoons with Jacuzzi rest ledges • Underwater lighting and sound. •

9.02 Dryside facilities depths up to 5.5 m for pressure valuation experience • Water Dryside facilities usually associated with the above may include: room of approximately 15 m • Compressor and fitness suites plus separate changing, toilets and room, 18.75, for approximately 50 people • Health • Club showers Storage space for equipment of approximately 15 m, well • drained salon – massage, aromatherapy, manicure, hair • Beauty treatment Specialist rooms for advanced training including seminar • rooms, club room, compressor store, equipment shop, separate Rapid-tan sunbeds • Sauna, steam cabins changing rooms and an office • pool ranging in depth from 1.5 to 5 m, with a diving • Platform for concerts, receptions, fashion shows, steel bands • Snorkelling to match pit 7 m deep and • Lighting Themed baths Roman, Japanese, Scandinavian) Access to the pool using suitable ladders, 18.76. • Creche, meetings(Turkish, • room • Details from the British Sub-Aqua Club. room • First-aid Equipment • Landscape store • setting features normally themed to represent a tropical 9 LEISURE POOLS AND WATER FEATURES 9.01 Fun pools • Food and drinks points Fun pools, 18.77, with irregularly shaped sides and a considerable • Administration/supervision/control points amount of shallow water space approximately 350–400 m in area, • Travel agency/displays. may have combinations of the following features: machinery, 18.78 9.03 Hybrid pools • Wave-making cannons These, 18.62, are similar to leisure pools, but have a central area • Water Underwater massage jets 25 m in length marked out with four or six training lanes for serious • 2

Table VI FIN A/ASA dimensions for diving facilities (see 22.71) Springboard

Platform

1 metre 4.80 0.50 1.00

Length Width Height

Horiz.

3 metre 4.80 0.50 3.00 Vert.

Horiz.

A–1 1.50 1.80

1 metre 5.00 0.60 0.60–1.00 Vert.

Horiz.

A–3 1.50 1.80

Vert.

3 metre 5.00 0.60 min 1.50 pref. 2.60–3.00 Horiz.

Horiz.

Vert.

Horiz.

Vert.

10 metre 6.00 2.00 10.00 Horiz.

Vert.

From plummet back to pool wall

Designation minimum preferred

A/A

From plummet back to platform plummet directly below

Designation minimum preferred

From plummet to pool wall at side

Designation minimum preferred

B–1 2.50 2.50

B–3 3.50 3.50

B–1 pl 2.30 2.30

From plummet to adjacent plummet

Designation minimum preferred

C1–1 2.00 2.40

C3–3, 3-1 2.20 2.60

From plummet to pool wall ahead

Designation minimum preferred

D–1 9.00 9.00

From plummet to board to ceiling

Designation minimum preferred

E–1 5.00 5.00

Clear overhead behind and each side of plummet

Designation minimum preferred

F–1 2.50 2.50

E–1 5.00 5.00

F–3 2.50 2.50

E–3 5.00 5.00

F–1 pl 2.75 2.75

E–1 pl 3.25 3.50

F–3 pl 2.75 2.75

E–3 pl 3.25 3.50

F–5 2.75 2.75

E–5 3.25 3.50

F–7.5 2.75 2.75

E–7.5 3.25 3.50

F–10 2.75 2.75

E–10 4.00 5.00

Clear overhead ahead of plummet

Designation minimum preferred

G–l 5.00 5.00

E–l 5.00 5.00

G–3 5.00 5.00

E–3 5.00 5.00

G–1 pl 5.00 5.00

E–1 pl 3.25 3.50

G–3 pl 5.00 5.00

E–3 pl 3.25 3.50

G–5 5.00 5.00

E–5 3.25 3.50

G–7.5 5.00 5.00

E–7.5 3.25 3.50

G–10 6.00 6.00

E–10 4.00 5.00

Depth of water at plummet

Designation minimum preferred

J K

Distance and depth ahead of plummet

Designation minimum preferred

J–1 5.00 5.00

K–1 3.30 3.40

J–3 6.00 6.00

K–3 3.60 3.70

J–1 pl 4.50 4.50

K–1 pl 3.10 3.20

J–3 pl 5.50 5.50

K–3 pl 3.40 3.50

J–5 6.00 6.00

K–5 3.60 3.70

J–75 8.00 8.00

K–75 4.00 4.00

J–10 11.00 11.00

K–10 4.25 4.75

L M

Distance and depth each side of plummet

Designation minimum preferred

L–1 1.50 2.00

M–1 3.30 3.40

L–3 2.00 2.50

M–3 3.60 3.70

L–1 pl 1.40 1.90

M–1 pl 3.10 3.20

L–3 pl 1.80 2.30

M–3 pl 3.40 3.50

L–5 3.00 3.50

M–5 3.60 3.70

L–7.5 3.75 4.50

M–7.5 4.00 4.40

L–10 4.50 5.25

M–10 4.25 4.75

Maximum slope to reduce dimensions beyond full requirements

Pool depth Ceiling ht

30 degrees 30 degrees

A–5 1.25 1.25

A–7.5 1.50 1.50

A–10 1.50 1.50

A/AS/1 0.75 1.25

A/A/.5/3.1 0.75 1.25

a/A10/5, 3, 1 0.75 1.25

B–3 pl 2.80 2.90

B–5 3.25 3.75

B–7.5 4.25 4.50

B–10 5.25 5.25

C 1–1 pl 1.65 1.95

C 3–3 pl, 1 pl 2.00 2.10

C 5–3, 5-1 2.25 2.50

C 7.5–5, 3, 1 2.50 2.50

C 10–7.5, 5, 3, 1 2.75 2.75

D–3 10.25 10.25

D–1 pl 8.00 8.00

D–3 pl 9.50 9.50

D–5 10.25 10.25

D–7.5 11.00 11.00

D–10 13.50 12.50

E–3 5.00 5.00

E–1 pl 3.25 3.50

E–3 pl 3.25 3.50

E–5 3.25 3.50

E–7.5 3.25 3.50

E–10 4.00 5.00

H–3 3.70 3.50

A–3 pl 1.25 1.25

7.5 metre 6.00 1.50 7.50

H–1 3.40 3.50

A–1 pl 0.75 0.75

Vert.

5 metre 6.00 1.50 5.00

H–1 pl 3.20 3.30

H–3 pl 3.50 3.60

H–5 3.70 3.80

Note: Dimension C (plummet to adjacent plummet) apply to platforms with widths as detailed. If platform widths are increased then C is to be increased by half the additional width(s)

H–7.5 4.10 4.50

H–10 4.50 5.00

Indoor sports facilities 18-21

a Elevation

a Side view

b Frontal view

18.72 Ponds Forge, Sheffield: diving stages

b Plan

18.75 Sub-aqua equipment store and compressor room

a For men

b For women

18.73 Water polo layouts a Elevation

b Plan

18.74 Water polo layout for a 25 m 12.5 m pool

18.76 Access to the pool for sub-aqua diving. Specially designed removable steps assist a heavily laden diver

18-22

Indoor sports facilities

18.77 Layout of leisure pool De Mirandabad, Amsterdam. Architects: Architektenburo Baanders, Frenken

18.78 a Section through a leisure pool showing wave making machine room and ‘beaching’ of pool b Sectional plan of wave-making machine room

a Plan

b Cross-section

18.79 A 50 m pool with ultimate flexibility. This has two movable floors and two laterally moving bulkheads

18.80 Various arrangements of the pool above: a 5:30–8:30 am, club training and keep fit. b 5:30–8:30 am, alternative for club training and keep fit. c 9 am to noon, public, school swimmers and school non-swimmers. d A 9 am to noon, alternative for public, school swimmers and school non-swimmers, e 4–6 pm, clubs and public, f 4–6 pm, alternative for clubs, public, keep fit and lessons, g 6–8 pm, synchro swimming or water polo, public and disabled people. h 50 m competition pool 2.4–3 m deep, i 25 m competition pool constant 3 m depth, j Twin 25 m competition or training pools, k Water polo: 30 m 20 m, or 25 m 17 m for women, 3 m deep. l Synchronised swimming: 25 m 20 m by 3 m deep

swimming. Depths at either end of this area must be the same as for normal 25 m competition pools. Because the sides may be freeform in shape and other features intrude (e.g. whirlpool, flume rides), competitions cannot be judged properly.

10 MOVABLE FLOOR POOLS 18.79 shows a pool with movable floors; while 18.80 shows the flexibility offered to 50 and 25 m pools by movable floors. Flexibility is further increased by the inclusion of two movable floors and two laterally moving bulkheads.

Indoor sports facilities 18-23

11 POOL DETAILS AND LANE MARKINGS 11.01 Rest ledges These are required around pool sides where the water depth exceeds 1.2 m, 18.81.

18.81 Rest ledge 11.02 Raised ends and touch pads Where pools are to be predominately used for competitions and serious training, raised ends should be provided, 18.82, equipped with touchpads, 18.83.

18.83 a Touch pad to conform to FINA regulations, b Touch pad for ASA Championship requirements in 25 m pools

11.03 Edge channels The present preference for deck level pools requires edge channels designed for overflow purposes, finger grip and demarcation between water edge and pool surround, 18.84.

11.04 Lane rope anchorage This is for fixing lane booms on level deck pools and is usually behind edge channels on pool surrounds.

11.05 Start-recall A recall rope and flags are required 15 m in front of the start for competition use.

11.06 Lane markings in competition pools These should be laid in accordance with FINA/ASA recommendations, 18.85 and Table VII.

18.84 Edge details for deck level pools 11.07 Backstroke turn indicators These are required 5 m from end walls, 18.85. 11.08 Underwater windows These may be considered for coaching and video. Underwater lights may be required for environmental purposes.

12 CHANGING PROVISION

18.82 Removable starting platform

12.01 Facilities Segregated changing facilities, 18.86, have been largely replaced by the changing â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;villageâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; arrangement, 18.87, which is based upon

18-24

Indoor sports facilities

a 50 m pool to Olympic standard

b 25 metre and 33 1⁄3 m pools

18.85 Lane and other marking required for competitive swimming

Table VII Dimensions of lane markings in metres

A B C D E F G

Width of lane markings, end lines, targets Length of end wall targets Depth to centre of end wall targets Length of lane marker cross line Width of racing lanes Distance from cross line to end wall Touch pad

separation of dry and wet footpaths to and from changing cubicles. Minimum cubicles are shown in 18.88, but it is important to provide a proportion of larger cubicles for the use of families and disabled people.

12.02 Other arrangements Toilets should be positioned between lockers and poolside. Precleanse footbaths are no longer mandatory although foot sprays are still desirable. Showers are largely for after-swim shampooing. Hairdrying facilities are desirable close to changing room exits.

12.03 Sauna and steam rooms These may also form part of the ‘village’, 18.87.

FINA/ASA 50 m pools

ASA 25 m pools

0.25 0.05 0.5 0.05 0.3 0.05 1.0 0.05 2.5 2.0 0.05 2.4 0.05

0.2 0.05 0.5 0.05 0.3 0.05 0.8 0.05 2.0 2.0 0.05 1.9 0.05

13 PROVISION FOR DISABLED PEOPLE 13.01 Disabled people Consideration for disabled people is mandatory. As well as wheelchair users this includes people with impaired vision and those with learning difficulties. Wheelchair users may be provided for either in the changing village or alternatively in rooms around the pool, 18.89 and 18.90. The disappearance of the footbath has eased wheelchair access to the poolside.

13.02 Deck level pools These also improve access into and out of the water for disabled people. Chair hoists are still sometimes provided for this purpose although they are often disliked by users for the attention they cause.

Indoor sports facilities 18-25

18.89 Minimum changing provision for disabled people

18.86 Traditional layout of changing rooms

18.90 Better provision for disabled people 13.03 Other arrangements Shallow water spa (bubble) areas are much liked by those with learning difficulties. Large, clearly marked signs, colour-coded footpaths and rails are required for visually impaired people.

14 POOL CAPACITY ANALYSIS As a rule of thumb, pool capacities may be determined by dividing the water surface area by 2. Thus a 25 13 m pool can accommodate to reasonable comfort standards 325 2 ¼ 162 bathers. Changing cubicles, lockers and car parking provision can be based upon the same analysis plus the following allowances: allowance based upon pool capacity, with a further 162 • Locker changing ¼ 324 lockers, usually in two- to three-tier compartments

cubicle provision may be based upon a time factor of • Changing 5–10-min occupation per bather. Thus in any one hour 162

18.87 Changing village. No segregation. Average cubicle occupancy 4 minutes

a Plan

18.88 Changing cubicle

b Section

•

bathers in the pool plus a further 162 changing ready to enter the pool ¼ 324 bathers 10 min ¼ 32 cubicles Car parking provision may be calculated thus: 324 bathers, 3 persons per car average ¼ 101 spaces þ a further allowance for staff, disabled, etc. say 125–150 spaces.

15 BIBLIOGRAPHY Geraint John and Kit Campbell, Ice rinks and swimming pools, handbook of sports and recreational building design, Vol. 3 (2nd ed), Butterworth Architecture and the Sports Council, Oxford, 1996 Geraint John and Helen Heard (Eds) Handbook of sports and recreational building design, Vol. 2, Indoor Sports (2nd ed), Architectural Press, 1995 The Oxford Companion to Sports and Games, Oxford University Press, 1976, also as a Paladin paperback Rules of the Game, Paddington Press, 1974, also as republished by Literary Guild and Bantam Books Information published by the ruling bodies for each particular sport