Diplomat Magazine Netherlands Fall-Winter 2019 by Diplomat Magazine Netherlands

SHEIKH HASINA

THE ‘MOTHER OF HUMANITY’

A TRIBUNAL OF TERRORISM CRIMES

JUDGE WALID AKOUM

A LIFE FOR EDUCATION

Dr. Saroj Thapa

WHO AND WHAT WILL KILL YOU

Barend ter Haar

by and for diplomats - the first diplomatic magazine in The Netherlands’ history diplomatmagazine.nl

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Colophon DIPLOMAT MAGAZINE

By Diplomats for Diplomats Year 6, No 1, June 2019 ISSN: 2468-3469

HEADS OF DIPLOMATIC MISSIONS, FOUNDERS OF DIPLOMAT MAGAZINE IN JUNE 2013

H.E. Carlos Jose Arguello, Ambassador of Nicaragua, Dean of the Diplomatic corps H.E. Roberto Canzadilla, Ambassador of Bolivia, vice-Dean of the Diplomatic corps H.E. James Lambert, Ambassador of Canada H.E. Huynh Minh Chinh, Ambassador of Vietnam H.E. Martin Valentino, Ambassador of Malta H.E. Yasumasa Nagamine, Ambassador of Japan Dr. Eugenio Matos, Chargé d’affaires a.i. Embassy of Dominican Republic

PUBLISHER EDITOR

Dr. Mayelinne De Lara Roy Lie Atjam

DIPLOMATIC ADVISER

Baron Henri Estramant

ASSOCIATE EDITOR

Guido Lanfranchi, Sciences Politiques, Paris

JUNIOR EDITOR

Eugene Matos De Lara, University of Ottawa

JUNIOR PUBLISHER

Duke Michael of Mecklenburg, University of Leiden

PHOTOGRAPHERS

Kim Vermaat Robert Huiberts Roy Strik

Hester Dijkstra Marian van Noort Naldo Peverelli

Photo on the cover: H.E. Fernando Arias OPCW, Director General. Photography by OPCW.

GRAPHIC DESIGN Studio Kliek, The Hague Stichting Diplomat Magazine is a non-profit Dutch foundation. It is the first diplomatic magazine in the Netherlands’ history, published by and for diplomats in collaboration with experts in international relations and diplomacy, the academia and dedicated volunteers from the Netherlands and overseas. A broader selection of articles and contributions can be found in our free online version at: www.diplomatmagazine.nl The editors do their best to ensure the accuracy of all information in this magazine. However, mistakes and omissions are, regrettably, possible. No rights may therefore be derived from the material published. All rights reserved. Nothing in this edition may be reproduced, stored in an automated database, or made public, in any form or by any means, whether electronic, mechanical, by photocopying, recording or otherwise, without prior written permission of the publisher.

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KEEPING INSPIRATION Dr. Mayelinne De Lara, Bangladesh House in Wassenaar. Photography: Marian van Noort.

Many people ask how Diplomat Magazine, the first diplomatic magazine in the Netherlands’ history, can manage a very successful online and printed magazine, as well as the organization of a multitude of events. The only possible answer is this: our focus on people. Especially, we have a focus on all the men and women who constitute the great diplomatic corps, coming from every corner of the world to restlessly serve their country, showing an infinite passion in doing their job, finding the key contacts, trying to accomplish the greatest agreements, promoting their countries’ industry and tourism, showing to the world the essence of their nations, and managing foreign affairs even when sometimes the country faces serious domestic issues. We are proud to support all these great civil servants, sharing and learning great life lessons every day. Over the last months, we have done plenty of amazing things. As usual, we have organized a multitude of events, including Ceremonies of Merit for parting Ambassadors, gastronomic festivals, promotional events for salsa, chocolate and wine, a diplomats run & walk, and visits to institutions such as Eurojust. Besides these, we have also travelled to places far from the Netherlands. We saw the fantastic Bakhshi music festival in Termez, Uzbekistan, where thousands came to admire and enjoy the ancient art of recreating histories about war, conquests, and love. We also visited the great city of La Habana, which celebrated its 500th anniversary, and we enjoyed the most successful international tourism fair ever held in the country. Moreover, we travelled to Bangladesh, in an extensive journey that led us to visit many cities, where we saw important historical relics, Buddhist temples, craft markets, silk saris in-house production, wonderful beaches, and especially great, progressive, hard-working, friendly, and hospitable people. We returned from Bangladesh with warmth in our hearts, as well as with important declarations from the country’s Prime Minister, the Honorable Sheik Hasina, to whom we dedicated our cover page and main article.

We also had the honor of being invited by the Government of Kazakhstan as international observers during the last Presidential elections, which resulted in the historical triumph of the former Minister of Foreign Affairs and interim president Kassym-Jomart Tokayev. We heard the words of Pauline Krikke, Mayor of The Hague, examining the relationship between international law and the digital world. And we also talked with Erik de Baedts about his mission at the General Directorate of the Peace Palace, the temple of peace in the world. In addition to that, in this edition you will find the Ambassador of China analyzing Sino-Dutch historic relations; the Ambassador of Afghanistan talking about post-conflict situations and peacebuilding; the Ambassador of Cuba bringing the attention to the economic blockage they are enduring; the Ambassador of Portugal promoting Portuguese wine; and the Ambassador of Kazakhstan rejoicing the exemplary political transition happening in his country. There will also be space for the exclusive conversations that we held at the legendary Hotel Des Indes with the Ambassadors of Uruguay and Kuwait, as well as with the spouse of the Indian Ambassador. Moreover, there will be great articles from the Diplomatic Police special corps in The Hague, from the Dutch Special Envoy for Global Warming, as well as a contribution by Bas ter Haar asking “Who will kill you?”. I would like to reiterate once more that I am incredibly proud of our team and of what we have built together in the last six years. Words cannot express how grateful we are to all of them. I truly appreciate everyone’s efforts and commitment to our success.

Dr Mayelinne De Lara .

Publisher publisher@diplomatmagazine.nl For all the very latest diplomatic news, views, photos, events and more, go to: diplomatmagazine.nl

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MAIN ARTICLES Sheikh Hasina H.E. The Right Honourable The Baroness Patricia Scotland of Asthal

and much more! DIPLOMAT MAGAZINE #10

DIPLOMAT Ambassadorial 6 10

DIPLOMAT VIP By Bogolo Kenewendo. Mr. Julián Ventura, Deputy Secretary of Foreign Affairs of Mexico Carmel Agius, President of the International Residual Mechanism for Criminal Tribunals. Carrie Lam, Chief Executive, Hong Kong SAR H.E. Mr. Günther Platter, Landeshauptmann (Governor) of Tirol, Austria. Dr. Stephan Holthoff-Pförtner, Minister of European and International Affairs of North Rhine-Westphalia Minister Guido Wolf, Minister of Justice and European Affairs of the State of Baden-Württemberg, Germany. HE Mr Marwan bin Jassim Al Sarkal, Executive Chairman of Sharjah Investment & Development Authority (Shurooq) Pauline Krikke, Mayor of The Hague Judge Walid Akoum, Special Tribunal for Lebanon Irakli Beridze, Head, UNICRI Centre for Artificial Intelligence and Robotics Erik de Baedts is the General Director of the Carnegie Foundation

12 13 15 16 18 19 20 22 24 25 26 28

CHINA H.E. Mr. Hong Xu 30 ROMANIA Brândușa Predescu 32 AFGHANISTAN H.E. Dr. M. Homayoon Azizi 34 ARMENIA H.E. Mr Tigran Balayan 36 BOSNIA H.E. Ms. Mirsada Čolaković 37 REPUBLIC OF MOLDOVA Tatiana Pârvu 38 GEORGIA H.E. Mr. George Sharvashidze 40 VIET NAM Ngo Thi Hoa 42, 44 CUBA H.E. Ms. Soraya Alvarez 45 PORTUGAL Rosa Batoréu 46 KAZAKHSTAN H.E. Magzhan Ilyassov 47 TANZANIA H.E. Ms. Irene Florence Mkwawa Kasyanju 48 FEDERAL REPUBLIC OF GERMANY H.E. Dr. Heinrich Kreft 49

DIPLOMAT POUCH Frans Scholten and Edwin Verhage Marcel Beukeboom Dr. Nevenka Tromp Dr. Dorine van Norren Vladimir Naydenov Roy Lie Atjam Barend ter Haar Joumana El Zein Khoury Minister Mr. Yvan Gil Guido Lanfranchi John Dunkelgrün Victor Barros Correian Dr. Betilde Muñoz-Pogossian ICMP Guido Lanfranchi Sheila Turabaz

55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69, 70 71, 72

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SHEIKH HASINA THE ‘MOTHER OF HUMANITY’ Photography: Bangladesh PM office.

The UK-based ‘Channel 4 News’ in September 2017 first débuted Bangladesh Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina as the ‘Mother of Humanity’ after her valiant resolution to open Bangladesh-Myanmar borders for the fleeing persecuted Rohingya people from Myanmar’s Rakhine State. Following this, the daughter of the Father of the Nation, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman, Sheikh Hasina, has come to be known as the ‘Mother of Humanity’. SHEIK HASINA, LEADER OF THE HIGHLY DENSELY POPULATED DEVELOPING COUNTRY, DEMONSTRATED A UNIQUE EXAMPLE OF AN ALTRUISTIC GESTURE.

The persecution by the Myanmar security forces and local vigilantes on the Rohingya people in the Rakhine State has resulted fleeing of over a million Rohingya people to Bangladesh. An estimated 738805 Rohingya people arrived in Bangladesh within a few days since 25 August 2017 when the Myanmar military coordinated an operation, which the world came to term as a “textbook example of ethnic cleansing”. Among the latest Rohingya arrivals, 58 per cent are children, 34338 women are pregnant, 39841 are orphans. Moreover, over 87000 Rohingya people entered into Bangladesh after October 2016 and over 300000 entered into Bangladesh between 2005 and 2015 following the grave human rights violations in the Rakhine State by the Myanmar security forces and the local vigilantes. As many as 1118576 registered Rohingya people are now sheltered in Bangladesh.

The latest exodus of Rohingya people following the events of 25 August 2017 in the Rakhine State has been described as the fastest displacement crisis in the history of mankind. The government of Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina, in coordination with international agencies, has been extending all sorts of humanitarian assistance including shelter, food, healthcare, water and sanitation, etc. to the persecuted Rohingya people solely on humanitarian ground. As long as the forcibly displaced Rohingya people remain in Bangladesh, awaiting return to their homelands in the Rakhine State, Bangladesh would continue to provide them shelter and other humanitarian assistances. Bangladesh Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina has stated that “if my government can arrange food for over one hundred sixty million people of Bangladesh, we would also be able to feed one million people more”.

The government of Bangladesh has allocated 6,200 acres of land for construction of shelterhouses, sanitation and other related services; 30 camps have been set up while 212607 houses have been built in the camps for the forcibly displaced Rohingya people. As many as 845,914 Rohingya people now receive food and other relief support while 142823 have so far received nutritional support; 177725 Rohingya children receive informal education through 3271 education centres. As many as 219 medical camps and other family welfare centres have been set up to provide reproductive health services to the Rohingya people. 137464 have so far received reproductive health services while 1668860 Myanmar nationals have received different services. Over 8,063 tube-wells, 57891 toilets and 15,982 shower rooms have been set up to provide drinking water and sanitation services to the Rohingya people.

diplomatmagazine The government of Bangladesh has spent Tk. 957000000 approximately US$ 11.50 million for the humanitarian assistance to the forcibly displaced Rohingya people. The NGO Affairs Bureau of Bangladesh government has allocated over Tk. 7.87 billion (approximately US$ 95 million) to provide safe drinking water and sanitation services to the Rohingya people through 122 local and international NGOs. Different agencies of Bangladesh government have been implementing different projects including roads, drains, cyclone-sheltercum-schools, multipurpose centres, and food distribution centres in Cox’s Bazar with the financial support of the World Bank (US$ 480 million) and Asian Development Bank (US$ 240 million) for the welfare of the forcibly displaced Rohingya people. The persecution of Rohingya people has generated multi-dimensional and multi-layered crisis for Bangladesh ranging from economic, security, environmental, social, and political. The crisis has also severely impacted on Cox Bazar’s ecosystem, wildlife habitat, labour market, access to public services, law and order situation, etc. Despite various challenges to the economy, ecology and overall societal rubrics of Bangladesh, Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina’s decision to shelter the persecuted Rohingya people emanates from humanity alone. The government of Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina believes that humanitarian responses would help the forcibly displaced Rohingya people only temporarily. A durable solution of the problem is a must for the sake of humanity. Bangladesh government has engaged diplomatically with Myanmar to make sure that the Rohingya people are enabled to exercise their right to return to their own homeland. Bangladesh is determined to follow human rights based return of the forcibly displaced Rohingya people to their homelands in the Rakhine State of Myanmar. No one will be forced to return. Bangladesh is committed to comply with international standards and UNHCR has been involved to complement its efforts. Ensuring sustainable return, non-criminalization, non- discrimination, resettlement and reintegration, etc. would be the hallmarks for the return of the forcibly displaced Rohingya people from Bangladesh to their homeland in the Rakhine State.

forever; Second: Secretary General of the United Nations should immediately send a Fact-Finding Mission to Myanmar; Third: All civilians irrespective of religion and ethnicity must be protected in Myanmar. For that “safe zones” could be created inside Myanmar under UN supervision; Fourth: Ensure sustainable return of all forcibly displaced Rohingyas in Bangladesh to their homes in Myanmar; and Fifth: The recommendations of Kofi Annan Commission Report must be implemented unconditionally as soon as possible. At the ‘High-level Event on the Global Compact on Refugees: A Model for Greater Solidarity and Cooperation’ organized by the UN High Commissioner for Refugees at the UN Headquarters in New York on 24 September 2018, Bangladesh Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina placed a 3-point proposal to resolve the Rohingya crisis: First: Myanmar must abolish discriminatory laws, policies and practices against Rohingyas and address the root causes of forced displacement in a genuine and timely manner; Second: Myanmar must create a conducive environment by building trust and guaranteeing protection, rights and pathway to citizenship for all Rohingyas. If needed, create a “safe zone” inside Myanmar to protect all civilians; and Third: prevent atrocity crimes against Rohingyas in Myanmar by bringing accountability and justice, particularly in light of the recommendations of the Fact-Finding Mission of the UN Human Rights Council.

AUNG SAN SUU KYI - 1991 NOBEL PEACE PRIZE, MYANMAR LEADER:

“We have to take care of our citizens. We have to take care of everybody who is in our country, whether or not they are our citizens.” September 07, 2017

H.E. PRINCE ZEID RA‘AD AL-HUSSEIN, THE THEN UNITED NATIONS HIGH COMMISSIONER FOR HUMAN RIGHTS:

“The situation seems a textbook example of ethnic cleansing.” September 11, 2017

Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina presented a 5-point proposal at the 72nd Session of the United Nations General Assembly in September 2017 for a permanent solution to the protracted Rohingya crisis: First: Myanmar must unconditionally stop the violence and the practice of ethnic cleansing in the Rakhine State immediately and

DIPLOMAT MAGAZINE #10

diplomatmagazine DESMOND TUTU

“My dear sister: If the political price or your ascension to the highest office in Myanmar is your silence, the price is certainly too steep. A country that is not at peace with itself, that fails to acknowledge and protect the dignity and worth of all its people, is not a free country.” September 07, 2017

MALALA YOUSAFZAI - 2014 NOBEL PEACE PRIZE:

”Over the last several years, I have repeatedly condemned this tragic and shameful treatment. I am still waiting for my fellow Nobel Laureate Aung San Suu Kyi to do the same.” September 03, 2017

OPEN LETTER TO AUNG SAN SUU KYI FROM FIVE NOBEL PEACE LAUREATES,

“How many Rohingya have to die; how many Rohingya women will be raped; how many communities will be razed before you raise your voice in defense of those who have no voice?” September 11, 2017

The government of Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina committed to the principle of voluntary repatriation and would return the forcibly displaced Myanmar nationals to the Rakhine State only when they are willing. In the meantime, Bangladesh government would urge the Myanmar side to demonstrate genuine efforts towards meeting the demands of the Rohingya people, as committed by them in the UN and create conducive environment in Myanmar in its efforts to convince them to return to their homes. Bangladesh government believes that durable solution of the Rohingya crisis lies in sustainable return of the displaced people to the original places of their residence with safety, dignity and assurance of livelihoods, and more importantly in restoring civil, political and economic rights of these people as underscored by the Kofi Annan Commission. Bangladesh would continue to remain engaged with the Rohingyas through UNHCR and other UN agencies to encourage them to return at their own choice. The international community needs to remain seized with the matter and intensify its engagements with Myanmar towards creating conducive environment in the Rakhine State and help secure a durable and just solution to this protracted Rohingya crisis. Likewise the world seen even in some developed parts of the world the policy of closed borders and push back of refugees, had Bangladesh followed the same script that would have resulted in the death of thousands of persecuted Rohingya people. But Bangladesh Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina saved the lives of thousands of Rohingya people by opening borders and providing them shelter and other humanitarian assistances, out of only her humanitarian compassion.

diplomat Magazine events

A new visual identity

for Eurojust MONDAY APRIL 15TH 2019, EUROJUST AND THE DIPLOMAT MAGAZINE INVITED DIPLOMATS PRESS ATTACHEES TO DISCOVER THE ORGANISATION’S NEW VISUAL IDENTITY. WITH A NEW BUILDING, CAME NEW PRESS VISUALS AND AN AMBITION TO EXPAND BEYOND EUROPE. By Aurore Heugas. Photography: Kim Vermaat.

On Monday, April 15th 2019, the International Organisation Eurojust, in partnership with the Diplomat Magazine, hosted a visit of their brand new interior to introduce an also brand new media outreach and logo. The concept for the new building was to combine nature, culture and architecture with the refinement of materials and the shapes, meant to emulate the landscape in The Hague. The logo, was conceptualised to illustrate the partnerships Eurojust has with different countries. It was thought out as a magnet, attracting country flags around it. Along with a new logo, Eurojust is developing new tools and channels with visuals and infographics, a new public website, a quarterly newsletter, corporate social media and partnerships with the Justice and Home Affairs Council configuration (JHA) and EU institutions. All of this to expand beyond the Hague, and beyond Europe.

DIPLOMAT MAGAZINE #10

Before speaking of the future, Cecilia Thorfinn, Head of the Corporate Communications Unit, spoke about Eurojust’s accomplishments as well as the organisation constant cooperation with Europol. “Europol and Eurojust would not work without the other”. While Eurojust takes care of a number of different cases, from drug trafficking, terrorism, human trafficking, to environmental crimes to name just a few, the two biggest occurrences are fraud and money laundering. In a few numbers, Eurojust offered practical support to more than 6500 investigations of serious organised crime, just in 2018. With a steady growth in new cases brought to Eurojust each year, the organisation is supporting an increase of 44% in new cases since 2015. An increase of 19% for 2018, “the steepest increase in the history of Eurojust”, according to Ladislav Hamran, President of Eurojust. A prime example of their work can be seen in Operation Pollino, the largest European investigation in the fight against the mafia, that started in 2014. On a joint “Action Day” on December 5, 2018, 84 suspects were arrested and two million Euros’ worth of assets were seized.

While Eurojust grows, budgetary constraints arise. “The past year has not been without challenges. The Member States’ increasing demand for support was not always easy to reconcile with Eurojust’s budgetary constraints. (…) As we have no indications that the growth in casework will slow down soon, our budgetary situation will continue to require our attention in the coming period”, said Ladislav Hamran in the Eurojust Annual Report for 2018. Indeed the MFF, or the Multiannual Financial Framework, which is the EU’s long-term budget, has proposed a budget cut of 9% for Eurojust in 2021 to 2027. The organisation might suffer some budgetary constraints, but it doesn’t mean they will cut back on their ambition. Eurojust’s goal in the coming years, is to become a global organisation. While it is still unclear how the Eurojust will develop in the coming months and years, it is safe to assume the cooperation with member states around the world will help reach that goal of going international. For now, Eurojust’s goals for 2019 are being put in place, as the president of the organisation concludes: “As of 15 April 2019, the layout used in the Annual Report is how we will present ourselves. It is just one of the ways in which Eurojust is preparing for the future, during which we will continue to be the EU leading partner in bringing criminals to justice.”

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A verily global institution, the Commonwealth at 70 An interview with VI SecretaryGeneral of the Commonwealth By Baroness Patricia Scotland of Asthal, VI Secretary-General of the Commonwealth of Nations. Photography: Commonwealth Secretariat.

Diplomat Magazine had the honour of speaking to Her Excellency The Right Honourable The Baroness Patricia Scotland of Asthal, VI Secretary-General of the Commonwealth of Nations in the framework of the 37th ACP-EU Joint Parliamentary Assembly held at BucureĹ&#x;ti, Romania (Romanian Presidency of the EU Council/ https://www.romania2019.eu/home/)

diplomatmagazine DM: Excellency, you are a speaker at ACPEU Joint Parliamentary Assembly. Can you provide an overview of the manner wherein three major multilateral organisations collaborate? What are the key interests shared by the Commonwealth of Nations (53 member states), the EU (28 member states) as well as the ACP Group (79 member states)?

worldwide. Our Commonwealth Chapter prefigures the 2030 Sustainable Development Agenda and inculcates the Paris Agreement on Climate Change – and that our member countries work towards collectively and through mutual support. Counting with the UN, EU, ACP Group of states support is crucial for the colossal tasks ahead.

The ACP-EU Joint Parliamentary Assembly convenes some of the world’s most industrialised and well-off states as well as many that are developing or even in a status of poverty. Whilst bringing them all into a common setting is relevant, the economical, political, and social realities are so multifaceted; what is verily accomplished?

In fact, there is some overlapping as three EU member states (i.e. the UK, Malta, Cyprus) belong to the Commonwealth of Nations, and a myriad of Commonwealth states are likewise ACP Group members, 40 in total. Therefore, there is an overall interaction that guarantees a constant dialogue, cooperation and useful interactions. A goal for the organisations is to bring us all to the table to discuss and hopefully find viable solutions to global issues. All three organisations are multilateral in nature, nonetheless, the overlapping in membership guarantees that topics of pivotal importance are brought to the table many times to ensure that global solutions are sought after for them.

Altogether we have 43 implementation toolkits, and through our online law and climate change toolkit we are addressing the issue of resilience and disaster risk reduction from a legal perspective.

There is an extraordinary contribution of the Joint Parliamentary Assembly in promoting greater dialogue, cooperation and partnership amongst the ACP Group of States, the Commonwealth and EU member states under the Cotonou Agreement. As work proceeds towards renewing collaboration post-2020, it is important that such a broad and diverse range of voices, views and vision should continue to be brought together as new partnerships are forged to deliver peace, prosperity and sustainability for our people and planet, and towards achieving the Sustainable Development Goals.

Post-Brexit, the Commonwealth will still have two members within the European Union - Malta and Cyprus. Both have expressed strong interest in working together on behalf of the Commonwealth. Cyprus currently chairs the Board of Governors of the Commonwealth Secretariat, and Malta is a member of the Troika of Commonwealth Chairs-in-Office, as the immediate past-Chair having hosted CHOGM in 2015. Malta also hosts our Commonwealth Small State Centre of Excellence and the Commonwealth Trade Finance Facility. What are in your view the most pressing issues at hand? Climate change is a pressing matter, for me it is never far from reality as the Commonwealth represents so many islands nations directly threatened by it. My own country of birth of Dominica is struggling with the issue, and Kiribati may even vanish from the world map owing to climate change. Hence the Commonwealth is so proactive in pressing forward tangible measures to safeguard security, trade, peace and stability

Recently Pakistan and India, both Commonwealth member states, became belligerent and some feared an armed conflict between them. How does the Commonwealth, and you yourself -if at all- play your diplomatic cards to harmonise relations, and ensure peace amongst the Commonwealth member states? As a respected institution the Commonwealth Secretariat is often asked to mediate simmering conflicts behind the scenes. We pride ourselves in a “quite mediation” role that facilitates for parties to feel at ease in engaging with us as well as our ability to deal with so many cultures and leaders. On the contrary the EU is considered to be by itself a peace project owing to progressive economic and political integration, and the fact that there has not been a war or armed conflict amongst its member states. How does the Commonwealth compare itself to the EU in the latter regard? Can it become an even larger, and more globalised guarantor of peace? How far do you see the Commonwealth integrating? The Commonwealth is home to a third of the world’s population - 60 per cent under 30 years, many of its fastest growing economies, and half of the globe’s top 20 emerging cities. Hence it is for us paramount to maintain peace amongst our members, and promote prosperity. I cannot say how much the Commonwealth as a multilateral institution shall integrate, however, by promoting wellbeing, trade, sports, cultural exchanges, we are able to contribute to global peace.

“Climate change is a pressing matter, for me it is never far from reality as the Commonwealth represents so many islands nations directly threatened by it. My own country of birth of Dominica is struggling with the issue, and Kiribati may even vanish from the world map owing to climate change.” DIPLOMAT MAGAZINE #10

Supported by organisations such as the Commonwealth Parliamentary Association and Commonwealth Women Parliamentarians, the nations and territories of the Commonwealth collaborate to strengthen parliamentary democracy; and to enhance active political participation by all our citizens, especially women and young people. Under your tenure The Gambia has re-joined the Commonwealth, Zimbabwe as well as the Maldives have applied to be re-admitted. Do you see it as a personal accomplishment? How diverse can be the Commonwealth, or rather do you think there is a limit on how many states can become members? Within the EU for instance there is a lot of reluctance to admit new members for the time being. Might you welcome Arab states to join? Perhaps those erstwhile British protectorates? There is no limit as to how many member states we may hold within our family, however, we do require aspiring states to share in our values, a protection of the rule of law and respect for human rights as entrenched in our Commonwealth Chapter are fundamental for membership. Finally, who joins or not is based upon a unanimous decision by all Commonwealth states. There is no requirement -as often misunderstood- to have a connection to a British colonial past yet as I emphasised our common values, aspirations, and respect for human rights must be respected.

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Botswana’s investment and trade, a conversation with Minister Kenewendo

By Bogolo Kenewendo. Photography: BOPA- Phenyo Moalosi.

Diplomat Magazine had the pleasure to talk to Botswana Minister of Investment, Trade and Industry, The Honourable Bogolo Kenewendo. Do you foresee any effects that Brexit may have on Botswana, and its relations to the EU? Particularly because Botswana’s only BITC has only a seat in London. Have you pondered about moving it to an EU country, or opening one in Paris, Berlin or Frankfurt? Botswana like any other country, is following with keen interest on debates and the envisaged outcomes of the Brexit, especially the type of impact it will confer on our trade and investment aspirations. You will note that the UK has traditionally been Botswana biggest export market in terms of both beef and diamonds, while imports of machinery equipment, destined for the mining industry have been very high.

Botswana and other SACU members have taken a collective keen interest given the existing market access preferences accorded through the SADC – EU EPA, which provisionally entered into force on 10thOctober 2016, and would like to preserve an existing status quo with the EU in terms of the current market access commitments that are in existence through the SADC EU EPA. Some of the practical challenges envisaged are more on the Non-tariff barriers side, especially for exporters that have been enjoying single-entry market access under the EU, as this will likely to raise costs of production associated with differing market standards, meeting the Rules of Origin requirements, and customs paperwork amongst others. To this end SACU member states and Mozambique are negotiating an Economic Partnership Agreement with the UK which aims at ensuring that there is no interruption to trade as a result of the UK exiting the EU and thus not being a party to the SADC EU EPA.

It is true that at present there is only 1 BITC office for investment and trade promotion. The Government of Botswana has taken a collective to empower Botswana Embassies both in the UK and Europe (In Europe Botswana has four Embassies; Berlin, Germany, Brussels, Belgium, Geneva, Switzerland; and Stockholm, Sweden) to work closely with BITC on investment and trade promotion. On the same note, BITC continue to review its strategy from time to time, to meet the changing needs of the global investors, hence one cannot overrule the possibility of increasing international presence in the EU market. What are you doing to connect the country more readily to Europe, the USA and China? At present Botswana is reachable from all major markets including Europe via Johannesburg, with connecting flights to Gaborone the capital, (which is 45 minutes away) either through Air Botswana or South African Airways. The capital city can also be accessed through Ethiopian airlines from London, making a stop-over in Addis to Gaborone.

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MIKTA: Cooperation and Development By Mr. Julián Ventura, Deputy Secretary of Foreign Affairs of Mexico. Photography: the Mexican Ministry of Foreign Affairs. The five countries have our own significant presence in the international stage. We decided to come together, as friends and partners, to promote common priorities and explore innovative strategies to face global challenges. We are located in different regions, and we possess unique historical identities and cultural richness. We also have shared interests, which motivates us to come closer together, to enhance our mutual understanding, and to expand our economic and social ties. At the Vice-Ministerial meeting held early this year in Yogyakarta, Indonesia, we took over MIKTA’s coordination. The agenda proposed by Mexico was adopted, which seeks to directly address the needs and aspirations of our peoples. With the theme “Social development, global governance and a sustainable future”, we will seek to increase MIKTA’s collaboration in three main areas. First, economic cooperation for social development. We will promote trade and investment, both among ourselves and in other key markets. We will foster a greater integration of micro, small and medium enterprises into global supply chains. We will also bolster tourism cooperation, by

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sharing best practices and technical expertise to generate greater benefits for the receiving communities. The second area is the strengthening of multilateralism and collaboration in international organizations. MIKTA will join efforts to increase efficiency, transparency and equality in international organizations, and to mainstream the gender perspective. We will uphold a strong, open and rules-based international system that contributes to economic and social development, the protection of human rights, international peace and security, and cooperation. Thirdly, we will promote sustainable development with an emphasis on achieving the 2030 Agenda. Our societies demand greater actions to address climate change and other major global challenges, as well as greater cooperation for the reduction of natural-disaster risks, which we are all exposed to. Furthermore, as maritime countries, we share the interest to protect the oceans and their biodiversity. Social inclusion is also a common goal; we will continue to work in the fields of education and internet access. An additional innovation of Mexico’s MIKTA coordination will be to convene the

Mexico is convinced of the irreplaceable value of diplomacy, with an outstanding multilateral tradition and a demonstrated capacity to engage in dialogue and build consensus. It is in this spirit that we participate in MIKTA, an informal consultation space with Australia, Indonesia, the Republic of Korea and Turkey.

first meeting of our national agencies for development cooperation. In this context, at the meeting in Yogyakarta we shared the ongoing actions to implement the Comprehensive Development Plan launched by El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras and Mexico, as an example of human-centered cooperation. The work of MIKTA expands throughout the world. Our embassies and consulates are in constant communication. This year they will undertake activities of public and cultural diplomacy to disseminate our historical richness and our cultural customs and traditions. We have a MIKTA Academic Network that has organized a number of seminars and scholarly publications. We will incorporate other civil society actors into our joint efforts and actions. We will also work together with them to boost economic and tourism promotion. No country can effectively address international challenges individually. MIKTA continues to evolve as a multilateral space that aims to play a constructive role in a complex international scenario. During 2019, Mexico will strengthen collaboration among MIKTA’s five countries, with the ultimate goal of making our societies more inclusive and prosperous.

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Diplomat Wine and Spirits Extravaganza A DISTILLED SPIRITS TASTING EXPERIENCE, WHERE EMBASSIES CAME TOGETHER AND CELEBRATED AS WELL AS SHOWCASE THEIR RESPECTIVE WINE INDUSTRIES.

Photography: Roy Strik. Top left: H.E. Ms. Mirsada Čolaković, Ambassador of Bosnia and Herzegovina. Top right: Marian Reijnen, International project Manager, Manager MENA Business council, Ambassador Issa and Afaf Zoughbi, Secretary of the Ambassador. Bottom left: The Ambassador of India, H.E. Venu Rajamony with his delegation. Bottom right: H.E. Ms. Rosa Batoreu, Ambassador of Portugal and Mr. Miguel F. Porfírio, Director, Portuguese Trade & Investment Agency, Commercial Attaché, Embassy of Portugal.

The soiree, which had been organized by Diplomat magazine was held at the Hotel Crowne Plaza on Monday 13 May 2019. The evening was a reception-style event with 18 tasting stations where guests were able to sample the different types of wine and spirits. The countries that were featured at the show were: Armenia, Bosnia Herzegovina, Czech Republic, Ecuador, Georgia, Greece, India, Kosovo, Lebanon, Luxembourg, Mexico, Moldavia,Noth Macedonia, Peru, Portugal, Russia, South Africa and Uruguay. Many of the invitees were able to appreciate and savour wines and spirits from countries both ancient and modern. For instance, think of sampling the wine culture of Lebanon or Armenia both being very old civilisations compared to offerings of the so-called “new kids on the block” such as India and Ecuador. Key Grape varieties producing fine selections of both reds and whites, not only afforded those in attendance the opportunity to relax and enjoy great company, but it also proved to be an educational experience. They were able to learn about the different regions’ viticulture, understanding how to taste, enjoy

and evaluate the different varieties of wine. Many persons were quite impressed by the quality and variety of the wines and spirits offered such as the Red Lebanon and the Ecuadorian Crespo Gin. The occasion also created fine opportunities to network and create new potential partnerships. Admission to the Diplomat Wine and Spirits Extravaganza was exclusively by invitation. Entertainment was provided by a jazz band which helped to create a convivial atmosphere at the well-attended evening. It is estimated that attendance of the event was approximately 250 people including importers, sommeliers, wine bars and shops, restaurants and members of the press. One visitor observed that it had been a pleasure to attend the Diplomat Extravaganza Wines & Spirts tasting and purchasing evening. The wide selection that was available, the elegant décor, the programme and staff, whose professionalism and attention to detail were beyond compare making the evening a great success with high notes of praise from all.

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Judge Carmel Agius reflects on his role and priorities as President of the International Residual Mechanism for Criminal Tribunals By Carmel Agius, President of the International Residual Mechanism for Criminal Tribunals.

I am delighted to return to The Hague for another tour of action, this time as the President of the United Nations International Residual Mechanism for Criminal Tribunals (Mechanism), the successor institution to the International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda (ICTR) and the International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia (ICTY). It has been a challenging and rewarding few months for me in my new role, since taking over the leadership of the Mechanism on 19 January 2019. The Mechanism is a unique institution, with branches in Arusha, Tanzania as well as The Hague, and staff working in different time zones. Moreover, our focus is split equally between the residual judicial matters arising out of two very different conflicts, namely the 1994 Genocide against the Tutsi in Rwanda and the conflicts during the 1990s in the former Yugoslavia. These residual responsibilities do not merely mean completing pre-existing cases while intensifying the search for the final ICTR fugitives, though no one doubts the importance of these core functions. Our mandate also focuses on protecting the thousands of victims and witnesses who provided evidence to the Tribunals or the Mechanism, lending assistance to national jurisdictions upon request, supervising the enforcement of sentences of convicted persons, and preserving and managing the archives of these institutions. I already knew of these unique circumstances before assuming the Presidency, of course, because I have been a Judge of the Mechanism since its inception in 2012, and was a Judge of the ICTY for many years before that. Fortunately, my experience as the final President of the ICTY helped me to hit the ground running as soon as I assumed the Presidency of the Mechanism earlier this year.

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This is an important time for the international rule of law, and I am both honoured and humbled to be entrusted with the overall execution of the Mechanism’s mandate. The extent of the world’s yearning for justice was made clear to me yet again this April, when I conducted my first mission to Rwanda in my new capacity. I was deeply moved while visiting memorial sites and speaking with survivors of the Genocide against the Tutsi. A few weeks later, I travelled to Croatia to help launch an exhibition on the ethnic cleansing that took place in Ahmići, central Bosnia, over 26 years ago. These occasions reinforced to me that, while international justice takes time and costs money, we must never forget the lessons from previous generations, who have seen first-hand that the alternative is so much worse.

As many in the diplomatic community may already know, I will be focusing on three main priorities during my Presidency. First and foremost is to ensure that the residual judicial proceedings are conducted efficiently and in a timely manner, while maintaining the highest standards of due process and fair trial rights. The Mechanism is acutely aware in this respect that the Security Council created it to be “a small, temporary and efficient structure, whose functions and size will diminish over time”. Indeed, the temporary nature of our institution will continue to present challenges, particularly when coupled with budgetary constraints that impact the staff and resources at the Mechanism’s disposal. Secondly, I am striving to enhance a unified work culture at the Mechanism which benefits not only from a harmonisation of practices and procedures at our two branches, but also from a shared vision as to the best and most efficient ways to accomplish our goals. Such inter-branch coordination is crucial for the Mechanism to fulfil its mandate, and I am determined to conduct frequent visits to the Arusha branch throughout my Presidency in order to interact personally with staff and stakeholders there.

Photography: Allen Borrelli.

My third key priority is fostering a positive work environment and encouraging high staff morale and performance. This is never straightforward and it becomes more challenging with significant budget cuts across all areas, especially when staff members know that the institution is temporary in nature. Many staff members lost their jobs last year, and many more are concerned about job security in the near future. In line with this third priority, I am actively participating in the International Gender Champions hub in The Hague and have not been shy in expressing my full support for female empowerment and gender parity at all levels of our institution. But the Mechanism’s work cannot stop there. Like all organisations, the Mechanism is not immune from harassment, and under my leadership we are intensifying efforts to stamp out any prohibited conduct that may occur. The Mechanism will have an enduring impact on international peace and justice, so long as we all remain committed to these causes. As its President, I deeply appreciate the assistance and cooperation of States and other key stakeholders around the globe, and I will continue to rely on the support of the international community in carrying out the vital mission that it entrusted both to me and to the Mechanism.

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The Guangdong - Hong Kong - Macao Greater Bay Area By Carrie Lam, Chief Executive, Hong Kong SAR. Photography: Hong Kong Executive Office.

Over the years, I have visited San Francisco, Tokyo and New York. They are the world’s most celebrated bay areas. Soon enough, they will find company and competition in the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area. The Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area (GBA) is a key development strategy in the People’s Republic of China as it enters a new era of deepening reform and opening up. Comprising the two special administrative regions of Hong Kong and Macao and nine prosperous municipalities in southern China’s Guangdong Province, the GBA’s collective GDP in 2018 was US$1.6 trillion. Covering an area of 56 000 square kilometers, the GBA accommodates the world’s most intensive cluster of ports and airports, handling 66.5 million TEUs and 200 million air passengers a year. With a combined population of about 71 million, the GBA is both a manufacturing hub and a huge market for quality goods and services.

Beyond the numbers, the GBA’s wide-ranging strengths, diversified markets and far-reaching promise herald a new economic era for Hong Kong. Innovation and technology, advanced manufacturing, high-end services, trade, transport and more will drive this bay area economy and meet the growing middle class’ aspirations. And Hong Kong will be at its fast-beating economic heart. The Outline Development Plan for the Greater Bay Area announced in February emphasizes coordinated economic development, complementing the varying expertise of each of its 11 member cities. Hong Kong will lead the way in several key sectors, from financial and professional services to trade and transport. Hong Kong will also play a vital role in innovation and technology, in building the GBA into the Silicon Valley of the East. The free flow of people, goods, capital and information is critical to the success of the GBA. That means ensuring superior physical and administrative connectivity and people-to-people bonds. Our infrastructural connectivity has been significantly enhanced, thanks to last year’s opening of the Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge and the Hong Kong Section of the Guangzhou-ShenzhenHong Kong Express Rail Link. Both reduce travelling time considerably between Hong Kong and key GBA centers. For example, a

ride on the high speed train from Hong Kong’s West Kowloon to Shenzhen’s Futian, both being business hubs, takes a mere 14 minutes. Later this year, a new land-based border crossing, the seventh between Hong Kong and Shenzhen, will open. Outside Hong Kong, in addition to the Humen Bridge and the NanshaBridge, opened in 1997 and this year respectively, another central artery across the Pearl River Delta, the ShenzhenZhongshanLink, is under construction. These infrastructure projects will contribute to a fast and efficient one-hour living circle within the GBA. Apart from infrastructural connectivity, the GBA’s Outline Development Plan envisages ambitious objectives to develop an international innovation and technology hub, a globally competitive modern industrial system, as well as a quality living circle embracing innovation, ecological conservation, culture and leisure. As the most open and cosmopolitan city in the GBA, enjoying the unique advantages of “One Country, Two Systems”, Hong Kong has much to offer. These in turn will inject new impetus to Hong Kong’s economic development.

Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area GDP*

Zhaoqing

US$1.6+ trillion

Guangzhou Huizhou Foshan

Area*

56,100 km

(* Larger than the Netherlands or Belgium)

Jiangmen

GuangdongHong KongMacao Greater Bay Area

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(* Similar to the Republic of Korea or Australia)

Dongguan Shenzhen Zhongshan

Hong Kong

Zhuhai Macao

China Greater Bay Area

Population*

>71million (* More than France or the UK)

In the end, of course, the GBA must look outward if it is to compete with the world. Hong Kong’s renowned connectivity – underpinned by the network of HKSARG overseas economic and trade offices in Brussels, London, Berlin, Geneva, New York, Washington DC, San Francisco, Toronto, Sydney, Tokyo, Singapore, Jakarta and Bangkok, as well as offices of the Hong Kong Trade Development Council around the world, will make that happen.

District. Offices have been set aside there to accommodate these organizations alongside our Department of Justice. That enhances the synergy and operational efficiency of our legal services sector, and underscores the role Hong Kong will take on as the GBA’s center for international legal and dispute resolution services.

If the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area is just beginning to make its name, its long-term promise is big, bold and welcoming. I invite institutions and companies, entrepreneurs and start-ups, to join us – to connect and excel in Hong Kong, where we are building a greater future.

Furthermore, leveraging on the high degree of autonomy under “One Country, Two Systems”, Hong Kong maintains and develops relations and concludes and implements agreements with other economies. For example, Hong Kong signed its eighth free trade agreement (FTA) with Australia earlier this year. More FTAs will follow. In all, Hong Kong has inked more than 250 binding bilateral agreements with some 70 nations. They cover a wide variety of areas, from investment promotion and protection, to air services, avoidance of double taxation and legal accords. “One Country, Two Systems” also enables Hong Kong’s adherence to common law. Rule of law and an independent judiciary have been critical to Hong Kong’s standing as Asia’s world city and our contribution to the success of the GBA. Indeed, the World Economic Forum’s Global Competitiveness Report 2018 topped Hong Kong in Asia for judicial independence. It’s why so many notable regional and global organizations specializing in legal and dispute resolution services maintain offices in Hong Kong. Later this year, Hong Kong will usher in a legal hub in the heart of our Central Business

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The Chief Executive, Mrs Carrie Lam, attended the Symposium on the Outline Development Plan for the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area on February 21, 2019, in Hong Kong. Photo shows (from left) the Commissioner of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the People’s Republic of China in the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, Mr Xie Feng; the Deputy Chairman of the Office of the Leading Group for the Development of the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area, Mr Lin Nianxiu; the Chief Executive of the Macao Special Administrative Region, Mr Chui Sai-on; Mrs Lam; Vice-Chairman of the National Committee of the Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference Mr Tung Chee Hwa; the Governor of Guangdong Province, Mr Ma Xingrui; the Director of the Liaison Office of the Central People’s Government in the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, Mr Wang Zhimin; Deputy Director of the Hong Kong and Macao Affairs Office of the State Council Mr Huang Liuquan; and the Director General of the Department of Regional Economy of the National Development and Reform Commission, Mr Guo Lanfeng; at the symposium.

DMEVENTS

Ambassador of the Year & Public Diplomacy Awards 2019 On the occasion of the 2nd Canada’s Ambassador of the Year & Public Diplomacy Awards 2019, the Faculty of Civil and Common Law of the University of Ottawa, in collaboration with the Deanship of the Diplomatic Corps of Canada and the International Public Diplomacy Council by Diplomat Magazine, celebrated in March its Awards Ceremony, that was followed by a reception. The Award consisted in a Canadian Inukshuk sculpture, and it was presented by the Deans of the Faculties of Law and the Dean of the Diplomatic Corps. Twelve prizes went to heads of diplomatic missions from twelve geographical regions. to 12 award-winning ambassadors. Moreover, four special awards and recognitions were handed to organizations working closely with the foreign missions present in Canada. Special prizes also went to distinguished individuals, including a High Special Diplomatic Recognition to H.E. Constant Horace, Dean of the Diplomatic Corps of Canada and Ambassador of Madagascar to Canada.

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Long live Emperor Maximilian! By H.E. Mr. Günther Platter, Landeshauptmann (Governor) of Tirol, Austria. Photography: Land Tirol/Berger

The year 2019 marks the 500th anniversary of the death of Emperor Maximilian I. To commemorate this historic event, the State of Tyrol, the City of Innsbruck and Innsbruck Tourismus have proclaimed 2019 The Year of Maximilian.

Numerous activities will take place to honour this versatile and dynamic Habsburg Emperor, who called Tyrol his treasure chest and home. Over 120 events, exhibitions and projects are scheduled both in and outside of Tyrol. The underlying goal is to raise awareness for the historic figure of Maximilian I and his importance for the state of Tyrol. The events will attempt to revive the state’s history and emphasize the present-day significance of Maximilian I for Tyrol.

The 2019 Awards ceremony also featured the farewell to Ambassador Constant, who will be returning to his country, after serving thirteen years in Canada. Mr. Pierre Thibault, Assistant Dean of the Faculty of Civil Law, offered him a gift on behalf of the faculty.

THE SEVEN LIVES OF MAXIMILIAN

From 20 to 30 June 2019, a festival for contemporary musical theatre called The Seven Lives of Maximilian will take place at seven venues throughout Tyrol. Each venue will portray an important part of the Emperor’s life. The festival will be directed by Daniel Ott and Manos Tsangaris, the acclaimed directors of the Munich Biennale,

a unique festival which exclusively hosts new musical theatre premieres. The Seven Lives of Maximilian will be held in Lienz, Stams, Schwaz, Hall, Landeck, Altfinstermünz and Innsbruck. Admission to all of the events is free.

EMPEROR MAX GOES SOCIAL

Emperor Maximilian is known as the ‘last knight’ and the ‘first European’. He is also considered the number one networker of his time. This is why various social media networks are actively used to portray the life of Maximilian and his companions. Maximilian will be ‘posting’ about his plans and adventures. His postings will include links to websites with historic background information and facts. This will allow anyone to actively obtain historic knowledge in an entertaining way. The more people that join in, the better. The emperor has his own social media profiles as Kaiser.Maximilian.I on www.facebook.com/Kaiser.Maximilian.I/ as well as Kaiser Maximilian I on www.instagram.com/kaiser.maximilian.i/. An overview of all the events in and outside of Tyrol can be found at www.maximilian2019.tirol.

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Closer than ever: North Rhine-Westphalia’s relations with the Benelux region By Dr. Stephan Holthoff-Pförtner, Minister of European and International Affairs of North Rhine-Westphalia. Photography: Land NRW, R. Sondermann.

The Netherlands and North RhineWestphalia are like twins: with around 18 million inhabitants each, they are about the same size and, with a gross domestic product of around 700 billion Euro, about the same economic strength. As one country, they would be the fifth largest economy in the European Union. The entire Benelux region and North RhineWestphalia taken together constitute one of the most populous and economically strong mega-regions in the world. We form the continental centrepiece and the economic backbone of Europe, which stretches like a ribbon of densely populated metropolitan areas between northwest England and northern Italy.

In many respects, North Rhine-Westphalia is closer to the Benelux region than to other parts of Germany: Our most important seaports, for example, are not Hamburg or Bremerhaven, but Rotterdam and Antwerp. North Rhine-Westphalia’s trade volume with the Benelux region is correspondingly high. In 2018, it amounted to over 90 billion Euro and was thus about as large as that with France, the USA and China combined. The state government of North RhineWestphalia appreciates the countries of the Benelux region not only as good neighbours and friends. Together, it regards North RhineWestphalia and the Benelux countries as a common economic, trade and living space that must be cultivated and further developed. When new governments in both the Netherlands and North Rhine-Westphalia took office in 2017, they committed themselves politically to making the relationship with their neighbours a priority, and consequently cooperation intensified considerably: The first trips abroad took Minister-President Armin Laschet to the capitals of the Benelux neighbours. In November 2018, the first intergovernmental consultations between the Netherlands and North Rhine-Westphalia took place in Düsseldorf. A joint cabinet meeting with Flanders followed in January 2019. In April, North Rhine-

Westphalia and the Benelux Union renewed and broadened the Political Declaration that associates North Rhine-Westphalia with the Benelux-Union. Most recently, in May 2019, a new cooperation agreement was concluded with Wallonia. These political milestones are embedded in the trusting exchange and close cooperation of people across borders. Civil society involvement is therefore particularly valued and taken into account in celebrating the first „Benelux Year“ in the history of North Rhine-Westphalia in 2019. As part of the „Benelux Year“, more than 200 events bring people together on both sides of the border: from school trips to art exhibitions to citizens’ festivals. North Rhine-Westphalia and the Benelux region are more closely connected than ever before. And never before has the consolidation of these links been as important as it is today. It is my conviction that here, in the ‘small’ cross-border cooperation between countries like the Benelux and NRW, it is also decided whether the ‘big’ European idea has a future. For it is here in the border regions where Europe is lived and breathed – and where the European idea must and will pass its test.

“North Rhine-Westphalia and the Benelux region are more closely connected than ever before. And never before has the consolidation of these links been as important as it is today.”

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By Minister Guido Wolf, Minister of Justice and European Affairs of the State of Baden-Württemberg, Germany. Photography: Achim Mende.

BADEN-WÜRTTEMBERG: “A HISTORICAL STROKE OF FORTUNE” IN THE HEART OF EUROPE

Located in the German Southwest, BadenWürttemberg shares borders with the EU members France and Austria as well as with Switzerland as a non-member state. In 1952, the states of Württemberg-Baden, Baden and Württemberg-Hohenzollern merged to form a single cohesive state in Germany’s Southwest. Baden-Württemberg is one of the powerhouses of Germany´s and Europe´s economy with 11 million inhabitants. Its surface as well as its population is similar to the Kingdom of Belgium. Federal institutions such as the Constitutional Court (Bundesverfassungsgericht), excellent universities – just think of Heidelberg, Tübingen or Freiburg – but also world leading companies such as Daimler, Bosch, Kärcher, Würth or Porsche have their seat in BadenWürttemberg.

Baden-Württemberg

thinking ahead as a pro-European partnering the EU and beyond

TAKING OVER AN ACTIVE ROLE WITHIN THE FEDERAL SYSTEM OF GERMANY AND AT EU-LEVEL

The Constitution of Baden-Württemberg sets the frame for its government’s pro-European policy-making. As our contribution to the debate of the future of Europe, the government of Baden-Württemberg triggered a discussion process at the end of 2017. One year later, in January 2019 the government presented Baden-Württemberg´s vision for the future of Europe. In the German Second Chamber – the Bundesrat – the 16 German Länder contribute actively in German – and European – politics and law-making. As Chairman of the EU Committee of the Bundesrat, I am in regular contact with my colleagues from the other German Länder in order to coordinate EU politics at the regional level. Baden-Württemberg is indeed very active in Brussels: As a political and administrative representation as well as a showcase for economy, science, and culture. A few meters from the European Parliament, the CouncilSecretariat, the European Commission, the Committee of the Regions and many permanent representations of EU member states and EU offices of regional and local partners from all across Europe, you can

experience Baden-Württemberg in many aspects when visiting the Representation of the State to the EU; as a guest, you can follow political discussions and presentations as well as enjoy cultural events on our premises.

BADEN-WÜRTTEMBERG - LAND OF INNOVATORS AND INVENTORS THROUGHOUT TIME...

Bright minds from Baden-Württemberg have changed society in the past and will do so in the future … - Robert Bosch, Gottlieb Daimler, Friedrich Schiller, Albert Einstein and many more known and unknown inventors, scientists, artists, poets and writers contributed substantially to science and culture; their efforts changed every-day lives of millions of people.Today, few countries in the world invest as much in research and development as Baden-Württemberg. About 5% of the state’s GDP is invested in R&D. Baden-Württemberg also has one of the highest densities of universities and research institutions in Europe.

KEEPING THE WORLD MOBILE: SME´S AND GLOBAL PLAYERS. INNOVATION AND CREATIVITY.

Baden-Württemberg´s automotive industry is a mainstay for growth and wealth. More than any other industry, it stands for innovation, but also identification. Ever since the

diplomatic EVENTS invention of the automobile, more than 130 years ago, corporations and researchers in Baden-Württemberg have made significant contributions to the shaping of mobility. Today´s challenge is to define and implement the mobility of the future. Our objective is: “Mobility of the future made in BadenWürttemberg”.

MANAGING AUTHENTIC RELATIONSHIPS; FACING NEW CHALLENGES IN A CHANGING CONTEXT AMSTERDAM UNIVERSITY PRESS PUBLISHES A NEW BOOK ON STRATEGIC RELATIONSHIP. BY JEAN PAUL WIJERS, MONICA BAKKER, ROBERT COLLIGNON AND GERTY SMIT

RICH IN CULTURE AND TRADITIONS. RICH IN NATURE´S TREASURES AND ATTRACTIVE CITIES

Delightful landscapes such as the Black Forest and the Swabian Alb area, the Neckartal Valley and Lake Constance, Hohenlohe and the Allgäu offer unforgettable impressions. Baden-Württemberg’s mineral spas and convalescent resorts combine health, fitness and beauty with culture, art and culinary delights. Baden-Württemberg´s cities and villages are rich in culture and tradition: The Stuttgart Ballet is world-class, and the State Opera in Stuttgart has been enjoying the reputation as the premier venue in the German-speaking world for many years, voted “Opera of the Year” many times in succession. Further, Stuttgart’s Staatsgalerie is famous for one of the most important Classic Modern collections. However, art and culture are not restricted to the state’s capital. The opposite is true: Baden-Württemberg is home to two state theatres, three regional theatres, nine municipal theatres, the Festspielhaus in Baden-Baden and well over 100 small theatres. A wealth of drama and film festivals, music festivals, musicals, orchestras and cultural initiatives offer plenty of choice when it comes to quality entertainment. Eleven state-run and over 1,000 municipal and private museums supplement Baden-Württemberg’s rich cultural landscape. Alongside historical cities such as Heidelberg, Freiburg or Tübingen, it is the carefully tended villages and urban town centres which depict the true character of our state.

FOR FURTHER INFORMATION

Government of Baden-Württemberg: www.baden-wuerttemberg.de/en/home

By Jean Paul Wijers

In an increasingly connected world, strategic relationship management is a vital capability for successful organizations. The book about relationship management Managing Authentic Relationships; Facing New Challenges in a Changing Context focuses on building and managing a strong network and reciprocal relationships for the entire organization by implementing a professional relationship management approach at strategic, tactical and operational level. Many organizations are currently undergoing the transition to a more flexible network organization aimed at improving collaboration, both internally and externally. A solid and profitable network is one of the key prerequisites for (business) success, but the development of professional relationship management is new and complex. Managing Authentic Relationships describes a professional relationship management that provides access to the right networks: • The development of a relationship management strategy. • Management by tangible results; the Return-on-Relationship. • The right approach for the complex management of relations. • Clear internal responsibility for relations management. • The right supervision for the transition to a modern network organization. • The development of the right networking competencies and measurable, effective meetings.

The wish to squeeze as much as possible out of the relationship harms the relationship and increases distance and distrust. It is impossible to develop successful relationship management without authentic relationships based on trust and reciprocity. “This book on strategic relationship management is mandatory literature for all who want to constructively build a world based on sustainable mutual benefits, where commerce blossoms and peace prevails.” Dick Berlijn, former Commander in Chief of the Dutch Armed Forces. “This valuable book is about the lost art of personal attention; Very important in building networks and relationships!” Alexandra Messervy, Founder and Chief Executive of The English Manner, formerly of the Royal Household of HM the Queen.

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Moving Forward with Shurooq

A New Business Frontier for EU Investors in Sharjah By HE Mr Marwan bin Jassim Al Sarkal, Executive Chairman of Sharjah Investment & Development Authority (Shurooq). Photography: Sharjah Authority.

With a forecast of 2% y-o-y economic growth until 2021, and a positive short and long-term economic outlook, Sharjah remains among the top Gulf and MENA destinations for global investors, and among the top destinations for mega-retail, tourism and real-estate projects in the region.

Among the key international investors and partners to the emirate of Sharjah, are EU nations, who have historically taken the initiative of accessing MENA and wider Asian markets through the emirate. One of the key drivers and contributors to this economic growth, the Sharjah Investment and Development Authority (Shurooq), who has spent over the last 10 years redefining a large portion of the emirate’s investment infrastructure. Shurooq has also been a key player in successfully diversifying assets and strategies that further boosted the emirate’s global economic profile, as well as played a key role in the moderation of the emirate’s economic stability through diversification of investments and tourism projects. “Today, we are proud for successfully developing and managing over 15 globally leading tourism projects, over 4 unique hospitality projects, and over 7 strategic JVs for mega real-estate and retail projects with a total net-worth of more than EUR 80 million. These achievements have helped secure a portfolio of completed and ongoing projects worth EUR 1.8 billion in Sharjah, extending across a total area of 11.74 million square metres,” said His Excellency Marwan bin Jassim Al Sarkal, Executive Chairman of Shurooq.

M He continued: “Sharjah has historically enjoyed one of the leading business models, set out by His Highness Sheikh Dr. Sultan bin Muhammad Al Qasimi, Member of the Supreme Council Ruler of Sharjah; through his vision, Sharjah is one of the world’s most significant economies built on the pillars of knowledge, innovation, entrepreneurship and sustainability.” Al Sarkal explained: “This model, reinforced with a robust economic infrastructure and regulations that attracted millions in FDI over the last decade, allowed us at Shurooq to develop a number of specialised sectors redefining Sharjah’s economic diversification.” In September 2016, Shurooq unveiled the establishment of the emirate’s first investment promotion agency, the Sharjah FDI Office (Invest in Sharjah), during the second edition of the prestigious international business forum, the Sharjah FDI Forum, under the presence of His Highness the Ruler of Sharjah. Shurooq Executive Chairman noted: “Since the formation of Invest in Sharjah, the new office worked closely on strengthening relations through specialised business roundtables with investors from Germany, UK, Italy, Netherlands, Portugal and Russia, as well as holding a number of high-level meetings with delegations from different regions such as Finland, Sweden and nations from Eastern Europe.” “Diversification was always the primal solution to fully understand and grasp Sharjah’s unique and flexible economy. The emirate has been a key aviation link between Europe and the rest of the MENA and Asian regions since 1932, and a rich history in developing the Gulf Region’s economy, long before the official UAE union even took place. For us, Invest in Sharjah was the best way forward in order to service and accommodate the endless

diplomatVIP possibilities and business prospects with our partners in the EU and across the world, and as part of our achievements we are proud to receive Invest in Sharjah recent award from Sharjah Government Communication; as the Best Government Communication Campaign outside UAE” added Al Sarkal.

DESTINATIONS AND MEGA-PROJECTS IN SHARJAH

The emirate’s investment and development authority has broken down its diversification initiatives to entertainment and leisure tourism destinations, eco-tourism destinations and cultural and authentic tourism destinations. Destinations such as Al Qasba, Al Majaz Waterfront, Al Montazah Parks and the Flag Island are among the authority’s leading leisure tourism projects. Attracting hundreds of family-friendly events, festivals and celebrations year on year, these destinations have become the emirate’s key landmarks, offering a wide range of entertainment and culinary experiences. Shurooq has also played a leading role in developing the cultural and eco-tourism profile of Sharjah and the UAE. With destinations such as the Mleiha Archaeological and Eco-tourism Project, the Kalba Eco-tourism project, these projects have been key enablers in giving Sharjah a lead positioning for creating the most authentic and cultural tourism experiences in the UAE. His Excellency Marwan bin Jassim Al Sarkal said: “Our mission and vision has always been to support the development and promotion of Sharjah’s unique cultural state, and each destination has its own set of stories and experiences which reflect on the historic and heritage tales of the emirate’s eastern, central and western regions.” He added: “Our objective is to look after the careful restoration and preservation of some of these regions, and to adhere to the emirate’s environmental sustainability, as well as UNGA’s Sustainable Development Goals (SDG).”

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MOVING FORWARD WITH EU

Sharjah’s economy continues to witness large-scale demands from a number of local and international investors, paving the way for new investment prospects across the environmental, healthcare, tourism, logistics, real estate, education and light manufacturing sectors. Leading the realm of strengthening partnerships with specialised investment and trade firms in Europe, Invest in Sharjah has led and taken part in a number of high-profile delegations from the emirate of Sharjah, partnering with a number of the emirate’s state entities, as well as the UAE Ministry of Economy, announcing new JVs and conducting business seminars with a number of European nations. Al Sarkal explained: “Over the next few years, we are expecting the complete development of one of the region’s most unique environmental sustainability cities in Sharjah. Furthermore, our joint-venture with Abu Dhabi’s Eagle Hills, resulting with the official launch of Eagle Hills Sharjah and three high-end real-estate projects – Maryam Island, Al Khan Palace and Kalba Waterfront, are redefining living standards and lifestyles in Sharjah, merging cultural constructs and modern designs as a first of its kind the region.” He highlighted: “Our existing healthcare and education sector are also among the leading sectors in Sharjah, witnessing large-scale developments, expansion phases and new business prospects. We recently inked a new JV with one of the leading investment firms in South Korea, REI Holding, paving the way for UAE’s first of its kind hospital specialising in open-heart surgeries. Most recently, the Sharjah Healthcare Authority and Gruppo San Donato inked a new agreement, allowing more than 16,800 staff members from the Italian based corporation to facilitate firms and set up businesses in the Sharjah Healthcare City, which is the emirate’s first project operating under the “free zone” benefits.” He concluded: “The current state of the European economy is embarking on a more opportunistic forecast as states and nations bid to develop the region’s economic sustainability and stability, slash unemployment rates, and transform uncertainties and pessimism in the global economy to opportunities that help them diversify assets and funds across a wide range of services and sectors.”

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Food Festival Hungarian Flavors Roy Lie Atjam. Photography: Roy Strik.

Crowne Plaza Hotel, opening night of the Hungarian Flavors food festival. Welcome to the Hungarian edition of the food festival. Featuring Chef Janos Klimaj from Hungary along with Chef Sido de Brabander, Restaurant Brut. The two chefs have prepared original Hungarian flavors. Apart from the Hungarian Food festival, there was also a well attended Hungarian wine tasting event in an adjacent room. The many guests were welcomed by a live Cimbalom performance by the skilled Hungarian cimbalom player Mr. Sandor Radics. He played Hungarian and International tunes, which definitely contributed to the excellent atmosphere that reigned at the Hungarian evening. The cimbalom (Kannun) goes back as far as 720 A.D. The representative of the Hungarian Embassy in The Hague Dr Krisztina Varga Msaa, mingle with the guests and made sure all had a great evening. Zooming into the menu, one could spot mouth-watering dishes such.as: Fustolt Sonka, Fustolt Bekesi Kolbasz; Rakott Krumpli, Toltott kaposzta, Halaszle; Vargabeles, Makosguba and much more. Hungarian flavor is the last in a series of the culinary projects co-organized by an Embassy, Hotel Crowne Plaza and Diplomat magazine.

Chef Janos Klimaj from Hungary.

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International law applies to the digital world too By Pauline Krikke, Mayor of The Hague. Photography: Martijn Beekman.

The Hague likes to bring people together. Whether they be people living in different neighbourhoods of our city, or people from different countries who come to The Hague for a conference. The Hague is pleased to provide a forum for discussion and the exchange of knowledge and ideas. A tradition which dates back to the first Peace Conferences and the building of the Peace Palace. When it was officially opened in the summer of 1913 it attracted a lot of interest. One of the guests arrived in what – for the time – was a very modern means of transport: he flew from Paris to The Hague in his flying machine, made some turns around the brand new Temple of Peace and set his aircraft down on the ground somewhere nearby. And that was in an era when horse and cart was still the main means of transport. A nice anecdote which clearly illustrates the technological advances of that age. Advances that were then rapidly changing the world. Just as the digital revolution is doing today. This latest revolution however has also presented us with some entirely new issues. Wars are no longer fought only on the battlefield, but in cyberspace too. Break-ins increasingly take the form of hacks. Bullying is no longer just words spoken but also messages posted and spread on the internet. And the

news reaches us not just through newspapers, radio and TV, but increasingly via social media where the “the truth has become elastic”. As the city of peace and justice, The Hague wants to be actively involved in finding answers to the question of how to deal with this new reality. Where does the boundary lie between what is – and what is not – acceptable in the digital world? Where does freedom of expression end and censorship begin? And to what extent do we want government or commercial parties to decide what we get to see or not? A great deal has been written about the capacity of social media to promote democracy and build bridges. And that is certainly true. But at the same time, it has also become clear that social media can create even deeper social divides, turning groups of people against one another. Last December we celebrated the seventieth anniversary of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. A human lifespan later this Universal Declaration has lost none of its power. It is still indispensable as a measure of human dignity. But what about human rights in the digital world? The General Data Protection Regulation of the European Union was, of course, an important step forward, but we still have some way to go. It is all about creating a digital world in which freedom, security, economic growth and social development go hand in hand, and in which the fundamental rights and values of ordinary citizens are protected.

The Hague is more than willing to provide a forum for this vital debate. As we did last year for the Summit for Accountability and Internet Democracy. This year again, two major conferences devoted to this topic are being held here in this city.

And with good reason too. There is already ample expertise on this subject available in and around The Hague. Apart from this concentration of knowledge, The Hague has proven itself to be a unique setting for building trust between parties. Confidence between nations. Faith between businesses. And as a place for international dialogue. International law, the foundations of which were laid at those early Peace Conferences, applies to the digital world too. But it has to be observed, of course. Something on which agreements need to be made. The Hague sees it as its task to support that process in whatever way it can. The sheer breadth and diversity of the internet means that this will be no easy task. Because essentially the issue is an ethical one. I am nevertheless convinced that humanity can accomplish that task. In this context, we only need to remember the example of Andrew Carnegie, the man who donated the Peace Palace to The Hague. He was an idealist, but also a realist. It is realism which forces us to act. The generations that come after us will be grateful for that.

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The innovations of the STL and its role as a tribunal of terrorism crimes In the picture, Judge Walid Akoum, Special Tribunal for Lebanon. By Marwan Hani Osseiran. Photography: Naldo Peverelli.

I met with Trial chamber alternate Judge Walid Akoum to discuss with him the innovations of the Special Tribunal for Lebanon (STL) during a visit to the Court. The Tribunal is a tribunal of interna-tional character applying Lebanese criminal law to carry out the investigation and prosecution of those responsible for the 14 February 2005 assassination of Rafic Hariri, the former Lebanese Prime Minister, and the deaths of 21 others, as well as those responsible for connected attacks. At the time of his appointment to the Special Tribunal for Lebanon, Judge Akoum was a member of the Court of Cassation. In addition to his judicial activities, Judge Akoum has experience in both international and domestic human rights law. He participated in the training of Iraqi and Yemeni Judges notably on standards of fair trial and independence of judges. Judge Akoum stressed on the innovations of the Tribunal. They are numerous, including the role of the UN Security Council in the establishment of the Tribunal, its mandate as the first international tribunal with jurisdiction over terrorism, innovations regarding the establishment of a separate and independent defence office, the participation of victims in the proceedings, the application of the Lebanese criminal law, the provision of trials in absentia, mandatory presence of Lebanese judges, the presence of a single pre-trial judge to review and confirm the indictments, and a number of other developments. Judge Akoum and other Lebanese Judges of the Tribunal were appointed directly by the Secretary-General, who chose them from a list of twelve persons presented by the Government of Lebanon upon the proposal of the Lebanese Supreme Council of the Judiciary. The presence of Lebanese judges was vital especially that the Tribunal’s statute provided for the application of the national law relating to terrorism. The Statute of the Tribunal clearly referred to the application of domestic Lebanese law concerning the applicable criminal law and the Lebanese Code of Criminal Procedure which are expected to provide guidance to the judges, who are in-structed to also take into account other reference materials reflecting the highest standards of in-ternational criminal procedure.

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Judge Akoum explains that it is worthy to note that the STL is the only ad hoc international tribunal to conduct trials in absentia since the Nuremberg trials. The ICC as well as other tribunals like the ICTY rejected the idea of entertaining trials in absentia for the rare exceptions of proceeding in the absence of an accused during a certain limited part of a trial or passing of a sentence for instance. The reality was that the Tribunal was fated to conduct the trial and proceed in absentia due to ex-ceptional circumstances and the inability for the government of Lebanon to deliver the accused to the Tribunal. Another essential innovation of the Tribunal concerns the rights and participation of victims in the proceedings. The STL has taken a new development by referring to the “rights of victims” versus the simple “protection of victims and their participation in the proceedings”. In addition, the Rules of Procedures and Evidence of the Tribunal enshrine concrete rights of participation, such as automatic right, subject to a contrary decision by the pre-trial judge or Trial Chamber, to obtain non-confidential documents, the ability to call witnesses and tender evidence, and the ability to examine or cross-examine witnesses and file motions and briefs. However, victims cannot obtain reparations at the STL; they would have to pursue a legal action in national court or other competent body to obtain reparation.

Last but not least, the STL was the first international criminal tribunal to establish a defence office as a separate organ of the court. The establishment of an independent and autonomous defence office at the STL reinforces the principle of the equality of arms. Therefore, the Defence Office was put on an equal footing with the Office of the Prosecutor for certain purposes like rights of audience and negotiations in relation to matters of general interests to defence teams, the fairness of the proceedings, or the rights of a suspect or accused. The head of the Defence can also seek coop-eration from any state, entity, or person, as well as the Lebanese authorities to provide the defence with relevant information and assistance. Finaly, the STL through its unusual history, unique structure and the various innovations have left no stones unturned in this specific field of international criminal law. We hope to see the Tribunal becoming a reference and a benchmark for future legal challenges to combat the crimes of terrorism. We hope that the tribunal will assist in showing that trials, even without the presence of the accused can be fair and lead to justice.

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UNICRI Centre for Artificial Intelligence and Robotics By Irakli Beridze, Head, UNICRI Centre for Artificial Intelligence and Robotics.

Advancements in artificial Intelligence (AI) and robotics have resulted in, what was once an obscure academic field or science fiction, becoming increasingly integral to the very functioning of modern society. The massive growth in computational power and increasing abundance of data that characterized the ‘Digital Revolution’ and the subsequent ‘Information Age’ have been at the core of this, vastly improving capabilities and broadening the range of real-world applications for AI and robotics. The transformative potential of these technologies is already being leveraged by the healthcare, agriculture, automotive, manufacturing, energy, financial, communications, entertainment, retail, and many more sectors to enhance efficiency, improve powers of prediction, optimize resource allocation, reduce costs, create new revenue opportunities and contribute to the fulfilment of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development.

ABOUT UNICRI

From a law crime, justice and security perspective, AI and robotics can support in the identification of persons of interest, stolen vehicles or suspicious sounds and behaviour; predict trends in criminality or terrorist action; track illicit money flows; and flag and respond to terrorist use of the internet. Their use is however not without its challenges, as ensuring respect for human rights remains a condicio sine qua non. At the same time, in the hands of criminals or terrorist organizations AI and robotics can enable new digital, physical and political threats. Although the integration of these technologies into crime and terrorism has yet to be substantially identified, preparedness for the emergence of new threats and crimes must be a priority as these technologies become more accessible and pervasive throughout society. In 2014, the United Nations Interregional Crime and Justice Research Institute (UNICRI) launched its programme on AI and robotics, which was one of the first international initiatives in this field. In 2017, UNICRI signed a Host Country Agreement with the Kingdom of the Netherlands, paving the way for opening a dedicated Centre for AI and Robotics in The Hague, The Netherlands. The Centre is committed to advancing understanding of these technologies from the perspective of crime, justice and security and to exploring their use for social good and contributing to a future free of violence and crime.

The United Nations Interregional Crime and Justice Research Institute was established in 1968. Within the broad scope of its mandate, the Institute contributes, through research, training, field activities and the collection, exchange and dissemination of information, to the formulation and implementation of improved policies in the field of crime prevention, justice and emerging security threats, due regard being paid to the integration of such policies within broader policies for socio-economic change and development, and to the protection of human rights.

Since then, UNICRI has worked to build a solid knowledge base and an extensive international network of partners and stakeholders that it has utilised to carry out several activities and convened high-level political meetings, including at the United Nations General Assembly, expert-level gatherings, training courses and workshops. As an action-oriented research institute, UNICRI has also conducted several studies on various aspects of AI and robotics, including on the application of AI by law enforcement, the social economic aspects and geopolitical influences. Last October, at the opening of the 73rd session of the United Nations General Assembly, the Secretary-General, António Guterres, underlined that “rapidly developing fields such as artificial intelligence, blockchain and biotechnology have the potential to turbocharge progress towards the Sustainable Development Goals”. At the same time, acknowledged the risks associated with the advances in technology, describing these risks as an “epochal challenge”, alongside climate change. This duality is at the core of the work of UNICRI Centre for AI and Robotics, as it seeks to reduce the risks of the malicious use of AI and robotics technology by criminals or terrorists, as well as leverage these technologies for positive change, enhancing crime prevention and control, criminal justice, and security in an ethical and human rightsand rule of law-consistent manner.

H.E. Ms. Haifa Aissami Madah, Ambassador of Venezuela.

Venezuelan Chocolate & Rum Tasting: A guided sensory journey through the most beautiful regions of Venezuela By JochebedKastaneer, MSc. Photography: naldo Peverelli.

On Friday 14th of December, the Embassy of the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela to the Kingdom of the Netherlands in collaboration with Diplomat Magazine, hosted an exclusiveVenezuelan Chocolate and Rum tasting. Via chocolate and rum,invitees experienced a guided sensory journey through the most beautiful regions of Venezuela, while physically remaining at the luxurious Crowne Plaza Hotel in the Hague. Awaiting the arrival Ms. Haifa Aissami Madah, Ambassador Representant Permanent from Venezuela to the Permanent Mission in The Hague, Mr. Wilhen Diaz Lara Chargé d´Affaires a.i., Head of Mission of the Embassy of Venezuelato the Kingdom of Netherlands and his colleagues personally and warmly welcomed all guest; ratifying that the best of Venezuela is the warm and friendly Venezuelan. Ambassadors, Diplomatics, entrepreneurs, economics advisers and friends were among the guests of honour who attended the evening. Viewing the conference style setup of the meeting room, one could already sense that a personal transformation to a higher level was about to take place. But the transformation and itsaltitude were nothing you could have DIPLOMAT MAGAZINE #10

imagined or think of, prior to attending the event.You kind of know that by accepting the invitation to a diplomatic chocolate and rum tasting, there is a high probability that you are happily and voluntarily going to change your vacation destination to the country the chocolate and rum is coming from. But at the Venezuelan tasting this was just a minor side effect; reached within 5 minutes of arrival,by tasting thehors d’oeuvre of exquisite Venezuelan dark chocolate mousse,topped with raspberry. The unfolding of the layers and layers of flavour of the cacao pleasantly elevated our palate to a new level; we immediately knew what we didn’t know we didn’t know.We were left without words, unable to answer the simple question: how does it taste? Heaven?! Glowing skins, sparkling eyesand smiling faces revealing that the word ‘heaven’ might be an understatement. After we hovered to our seats, the renowned Ms Annemarie van Leggelo, CEO of the prestigious Etiquette Bureaupresented the program. She explained that we were embarking on a fun and exciting Masterclass and were about to become a true sommelier du chocolate! Mr Wilhen Diaz Laraclarifiedthat the masterclass was designed to make us become acquainted with the worldwide recognized Venezuelan cacao. In a way that we could distinguish the very high quality, colour, taste and smell of the Venezuelan cacao.The good news is that we don’t have to travel to Venezuela to enjoy Venezuelan chocolate: the premium Venezuelan chocolate is available in the EU. And it’s savoured best in combinationwith the Venezuelan rum. Ms Mariana de La Rosa, chocolate and cacao expert and founder of Puro Origen, was our honourable Masterclass professor, in charge of expanding our senses to see, hear, feel, smell and taste the Venezuelan cacao. Ms de La Rosa kicked-off the masterclass with a brief cacao lesson, guiding us through the different cacaos of Venezuela, and allowing us to understand the difference that each region has to offer through the discovery of each flavour. Cacao for Venezuela stands for: heritage,history, genetics, terroir, tradition, culture and sense of place.Venezuelan cacao is very exclusive: only Cacao Premium (15.300T/year) is produced in Venezuela, from which half of the production is consumed in Venezuela.As bugs are elemental for the pollination of the cacao, Venezuelan cacao is free of pesticides. The unique Venezuelan cacao ‘Porcelana’ is considered the Holy grail of Cacao, being one of the rarest and most expensive of all cacao beans in the world.

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TO BECOME A TRUE CHOCOLATE SOMMELIER,MS. DE LAROSATAUGHT US HOW TO MASTER A 5 STEPS PROCESS OF TASTING FINE CHOCOLATE:

1) See the chocolate; especially super premium chocolate looks a bit shiny; 2) Hear the chocolate by breaking it. The distinctive sound of the ‘snap’ when breaking the chocolate reveals information about the cacao to a true connoisseur; 3) Feel the chocolate; 4) Smell the aroma of the chocolate; 5) Taste the chocolate. It then became a sacred experience to taste four of the premium Venezuelan chocolate separately; the ‘Rio Caribe’, ‘Carenero (70% cacao)’, ‘San Joaquim’ and ‘Sur del Lago (70% cacao)’; each of them an intense and unforgettable experience on its own.One could clearly understand why the indigenous ancestors of Venezuela worshiped cacao. Thankfully Ms de La Rosa gave us the words of Darin Sukha to verbalize the experience: “A good piece of chocolate is like a good piece of music. It contains something memorable that stays on your mind for the entire day”. For the last part of the Masterclass Ms de LaRosaappropriatelyintroduced us to the Venezuelan Diplomático rum.Venezuelan rum is recognised as the finest rums in the world and Diplomático is a unique rum blending with unmistakable character and irresistible and subtle aromas.Can you picture combiningthis exquisite rum withthe finest chocolate? It’s a magical ride exceeding all your expectations!

WE TASTED THE FOLLOWING COMBINATIONS OF RUM AND CHOCOLATE: 1) Diplomáticorum Mantuano(8 year- old blend) paired with Carenero chocolate (61% cacao); 2) Diplomático rum Planas (6-year-old blend) paired with Carenero superior white chocolate (34% cacao); 3) Diplomático rum ReservaExclusiva (12-year-old blend) paired with Carenero superior chocolate (70% cacao).

Once you experience this perfection, you can’t go back. Your universe is now expanded for ever with the ‘two ambassadors of Venezuela: rum and chocolate’asthe Representant Permanent Ms. Haifa Aissami Madah, remarked in her closing address.Luckily, we reached this higher level of consciousness right before the holidays and are able to savour these beautiful treasures of Venezuela right here in the Netherlands.

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The Peace Palace: Temple of Peace for the World

MR. DE BAEDTS, IT HAS BEEN MORE THAN THREE YEARS SINCE YOU HAVE BEEN APPOINTED AS DIRECTOR OF THE CARNEGIE FOUNDATION – PEACE PALACE. HOW DO YOU REFLECT UPON THE PAST FEW YEARS?

“I was inspired by the mission, or rather the calling of the Peace Palace. I expected this responsibility to be demanding, and it has proven to be so. I had not foreseen the impact of the asbestos in this monumental building. During the past three years, the financing of our current obligations (including the preparation for this large-scale renovation project) has become more challenging. We are fortunate that the host country has always been financing the Carnegie Foundation – Peace Palace for a number of decades. They currently provide around 70 percent of our budget. But as the building gets older, and as the courts inside the Peace Palace are dealing with more cases that need to be served, our responsibility to maintain the building and to offer the necessary services has asked more from the Carnegie Foundation, whereas our resources have not been increased, on the contrary. I must add to this that the contribution of the United Nations for the housing of the International Court of Justice and of the Permanent Court of Arbitration are much appreciated.”

By Sheila Turabaz.

Mr. Erik de Baedts is the General Director of the Carnegie Foundation – Peace Palace and Treasurer of the Hague Academy of International Law since 2015. A soft-spoken yet determined man with a strong vision. Mr. De Baedts possesses a wealth of knowledge on issues related to peace and justice and has found his calling: enhancing the mission of the Peace Palace as a temple of peace for the world.

“In addition, the support of the Peace Palace Library to the courts is becoming increasingly important. Our library collection is still very relevant but this collection also needs to be maintained and developed — and thus financed —, and this has proven to be a challenge as well: more cases, on various topics in different regions, equally require more relevant publications that should be available whenever the judges and arbiters require them. In general, we are doing well.” “We have recently received clarity from the Dutch government about our funding for the next two years, leading up to the renovation project. We are supporting the courts with their cases and have also prepared the arrangements on how to better serve them in the near future. We are working to strengthen the support from the private sector as well, and we are working to enhance our mission as a temple of peace for the world, as Andrew Carnegie requested in his deed by which our Foundation was established.

THE CARNEGIE PEACEBUILDING CONVERSATIONS — A THREE-DAY CONFERENCE WHICH WAS HELD FOR THE FIRST TIME IN 2018 AT THE PEACE PALACE —BROUGHT TOGETHER REPRESENTATIVES OF THE CARNEGIE INSTITUTIONS WORLDWIDE, PHILANTHROPISTS, INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS, NGO’S, ACADEMICS AND STUDENTS. AN ECLECTIC AUDIENCE BUT ALL SHARING THE SAME OBJECTIVE: ‘GENERATING FRESH PERSPECTIVES ON PEACEBUILDING AND CONFLICT RESOLUTIONS THROUGH DIALOGUE’. HOW WAS THIS IDEA REALIZED AND IN WHAT SENSE HAS THIS ENRICHED YOUR PERSPECTIVE ON THE PEACE IDEAL?

“The Carnegie Peacebuilding Conversations was the result of good cooperation. I first learned about the impressive network of Carnegie Institutions that still exist when I was invited to join the Carnegie Medal of Philanthropy Award ceremonies, where philanthropy, giving, is being celebrated. I realized that there is a whole network that we may be able to tap into. So I threw a stone in a pond: how wonderful would it be if we come together and work on a common peace agenda? ”

diplomatVIP “This call resonated. I was invited to elaborate ideas. The Carnegie UK Trust and the Carnegie Foundation sat together to develop the peace agenda. We presented ideas during a meeting in New York with all the Carnegie Institutions, who agreed to support us financially and to develop the program together. In addition, we have received support from Her Royal Highness Princess Laurentien of the Netherlands, from the United Nations, the World Bank, and the Maatschappelijke Alliantie..” “We want to develop this further by hosting events to foster dialogue. A similar conference on financing peace will be held in the near future. We are also trying to find philanthropic support of Dutch partners to enable us to realize the peace agenda.”

LASTLY, HOW DO YOU ENVISION THE FUTURE?

“I envisage a more peaceful world and the Peace Palace as a shining beacon in the world that is better suited to facilitate both the courts and reaching out to the public to promote peace. During the Carnegie Peacebuilding Conversations, Rabbi Awraham Soetendorp called the Peace Palace “a place of pilgrimage”, and he was right. Peace through law is feasible. The Peace Palace can contribute much more to promoting a peaceful world. The road to the courtroom instead of the battlefield is available, and it should be known much more widely, so people can call on their leaders to not invest in arms and go to war, but to go to the Peace Palace to settle their issues in peace.”

“I envisage a more peaceful world and the Peace Palace as a shining beacon in the world that is better suited to facilitate both the courts and reaching out to the public to promote peace”

Le Palais de la Paix: un temple de paix pour le monde De Sheila Turabaz

M. Erik de Baedts est le Directeur Général de la Fondation Carnegie – Palais de la Paix et le Trésorier de l’Académie de Droit International de La Haye depuis 2015. Un homme déterminé à la voix douce et équipé d’une vision forte, M. de Baedts connait son sujet en matière de Paix et de Justice et a trouvé sa vocation: renforcer (ou consolider) la mission du Palais de la Paix en tant que temple de la Paix dans le monde. Nous nous sommes assis pour un entretien en profondeur avec M. de Baedts et avons discuté de son point de vue sur la Paix (par le droit) et parlé du passé du Palais de la Paix ainsi que de son futur.

MR. DE BAEDTS, CELA FAIT PLUS DE TROIS ANS QUE VOUS AVEZ ÉTÉ NOMMÉ DIRECTEUR DE LA FONDATION CARNEGIE – PALAIS DE LA PAIX. COMMENT VOYEZ-VOUS CES DERNIÈRES ANNÉES?

“J’ai été inspiré par la mission, ou plutôt la vocation du Palais de la Paix. Je m’attendais à ce que la responsabilité attachée à la direction de cette institution demande beaucoup et ça a été le cas. (…) Nous avons eu la chance que le pays hôte ait financé la Fondation Carnegie durant les dernières décennies. Actuellement, les Pays-Bas fournissent 70% de notre budget. Mais le bâtiment vieillit et les deux Cours qui siègent au sein du Palais de la Paix gèrent un volume croissant de dossiers. Alors que notre responsabilité est de maintenir en état le bâtiment tout en continuant à offrir les services nécessaires aux organes qui y siègent, les ressources de la Fondation Carnegie ont diminué.

COMMENT ENVISAGEZ-VOUS LE FUTUR?

“J’envisage un monde pacifique dans lequel le Palais de la Paix serait un guide, à la fois destiné à faciliter la tâche des Cours et apte à atteindre un plus grand public pour promouvoir la paix (…). Le Palais est un lieux exceptionnel et nous devrions nous rendre compte que de véritables héros y travaillent. La version intégrale de l’entretien en français sera bientôt disponible en ligne

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diplomatAMBASSADORIAL

china SETTING SAIL ON A NEW VOYAGE OF CHINANETHERLANDS RELATIONS By H.E. Mr. Hong Xu, Ambassador of China to the Kingdom of Netherlands. Photography: Kim Vermaat.

As the gateway to Europe, the powerful merchant fleet is one of the symbols of the Netherlands. China-Netherlands relations, in my eyes, are as well like a great ship sailing in the sea. In the over 400-year-old friendship history, this great ship managed to cleave through the waves and keep moving forward. Particularly, following the historic exchange visits by President Xi Jinping and His Majesty King Willem-Alexander in 2014 and 2015, this ship has sailed smoothly into a new channel of “open and pragmatic partnership for comprehensive cooperation”. From all these, I think some enlightenment come to us.

First of all, despite the vicissitudes of the times, mutual respect and the pursuit of peace have always been the “Compass” that guides us ahead. The greatest contribution of the Dutch international law pioneer Hugo Grotius lies in putting forward the principle of state sovereignty and pointing out that the laws between countries “do not seek the individual interests of any country, but the common interests of all countries.” Sixty-five years ago, China put forward the Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence. Now, China is further advocating the promotion of building of a community of shared future for mankind. This is also for the purpose of promoting peace, harmony, cooperation and development between countries of different civilizations. Our common pursuit of international fairness, justice and human progress has pointed out

the direction for our ship. Based upon this, the two countries have carried out fruitful cooperation on global issues such as climate change and the UN peacekeeping process. Secondly, despite the vicissitudes of the times, hard working, bravery and perseverance have always been the “Anchor” of our friendship. As shown by the inscriptions engraved on the Dutch national emblem, the Dutch people struggled against the sea with the national character of “perseverance”. The Dutch people have built a field around the sea, a beautiful homeland on lowland and swamp, and are determined to innovate and created a large number of world-class high-tech companies, making the Netherlands one of the most competitive economies in the European Union.

China, with the spirit of self-reliance and hard working, became a world factory from a country “poor and blank” just after liberation, and by continuously increasing its investment, has become one of the most dynamic innovation centers in the world. We have made great achievements including lifting around 800 million people out of poverty, and has become a powerful engine for global economic growth. The above-mentioned tenacity and aspirations for a better life shared by the peoples of China and the Netherlands are the driving force for the achievements of the two countries, and are also the genes and bonds that link the friendly relations between our two countries.

diplomatAMBASSADORIAL Thirdly, despite the vicissitudes of the times, openness and inclusiveness, pragmatism and mutual benefit have always been the “Sail” of our cooperation. For the Netherlands, trade is the foundation of the country. And the Netherlands has become a beacon of free trade. As for China, since the implementation of the reform and opening up policy, China has continuously increased its opening-up and promoted international economic and trade cooperation. Bilateral trade volume between China and the Netherlands reached over 85 billion last year, making the Netherlands China’s second largest trade partner in EU.Nowadays, with over 90 cargo and passenger flights per week between Amsterdam and 7 major Chinese cities, several Sino-Euro freight trains between our two countries, and almost half of the deep-water freight ships from China taking Rotterdam as the first stop, our cooperation under the Belt and Road Initiative is playing a more and more important role in Asia-Europe connectivity and global connectivity. In an era when multipolarization, economic globalization, cultural diversity and social informatization are undergoing in-depth development, human society is full of hope as well as challenges. How should the giant Sino-Dutch ship sail through the mist? And in which direction shall we navigate? One word is frequently mentioned recently in the Netherlands, and that is “balance”. Indeed, a ship will capsize without balance. Chinese people pay much attention to balance as well. But how should we understand “balance”? I have a good example to share. Both Chinese and Dutch people love riding bicycles. As we all know, the balance of a bike is hard to maintain when it’s immobile, not to mention by going backward. Balance could only be maintained by going forward, with attention on the road to avoid crash. It is the same situation when it comes to the problems and challenges that we encounter nowadays. The counter-current to globalization, the spread of non-traditional security threats and the concerns aroused from the application of new technologies are all problems arising from a society moving forward. We could by no means solve these problems by self-enclosing, stagnating, repelling each other, or even moving backward. Instead, we should never forget why we started the journey in the first place and always keep pace with the times. These problems could only be addressed through the process of development and a new balance could only be attained by moving forward. Only in this way can our ship sail steady afar. DIPLOMAT MAGAZINE #10

To that end, we should enhance our mutual understanding, trust and friendship by means of equal dialogues, consultation and coordination. We should uphold opening-up, inclusiveness and pragmatic cooperation, with a view to promoting and safeguarding bilateral exchanges and to provide a fair, just and non-discriminatory environment for our companies. We should stick to multilateralism and free trade and safeguard the authority of international law, while firmly opposing unilateralism and protectionism. We should uphold fairness and justice in international affairs, jointly address global threats and promote global peace, security and common prosperity. This year marks the 70th anniversary of the founding of the People’s Republic of China. The past 70 years have witnessed China’s own development and its effort to share its development benefits with other countries, as well as the significant efforts and contributions China has made to the cause of human progress.No matter how the international situation changes, China will always stay its due course, and China’s door is opening wider to the world. As President Xi Jinping stated in his speech at the Second Belt and Road Forum for International Cooperation, a more open China will further integrate itself into the world and deliver greater progress and prosperity for both China and the world at large. We will expand market access for foreign investment in more areas, intensify efforts to enhance international cooperation in intellectual property protection, increase the import of goods and services on an even larger scale and more effectively engage in international macro-economic policy coordination.We will continue to uphold the principle of wide consultation, joint contribution and shared benefits to attain the high quality development of Belt and Road, providing greater platform for international cooperation.

diplomat Magazine events

A Sparkling and Shining Italian Evening The Extraordinary Italian Taste Roy Lie Atjam. Photography: Robert Huiberts. Two renown Italian chefs demonstrated their master cooking skills at the Italian gastronomic festival organized by the Embassy of Italy, Diplomat Magazine and Hotel Crowne Plaza. The authentic Italian taste was lead by Daniela Gavazza and Mario Andolfi, both awarded with one Michelin Star, coming directly from the Liguria region. Zooming into the program one learns that the festival was not only about Italian gastronomy, but also included wine and opera. It was the turn of H.E. Andrea Perugini, Ambassador of Italy in the Netherlands, a lover of gastronomy, to place his country in the limelight. It turned out to be an eventful evening one will not easily forget. Ambassador Perugini related how the Italian Ministry of Foreign Affairs and International Cooperation in 2018 launched the third edition of the Settimana della Cucina Italiana nel Mondo. Pergugini added, “in 2018 the Italian Mission in The Hague has organized 22 major events. To mention just a couple of examples, restaurants of the European Patent Office, The European Space Center and other institutions in The Hague, had Italian food on the menu for a week. It has been a successful phenomenon”.

diplomatAMBASSADORIAL

romania

IN EUROPE WE TRUST

By Brândușa Predescu, Ambassador of Romania to the Kingdom of the Netherlands. Photography: Robert Huiberts.

I vividly remember the day my country, Romania, became a member of the European Union. It was a cold, chilly winter day, but I was overjoyed. I am sure that on that day, the 1st of January 2007, all Romanians felt the same. EU accession was seen by Romania and its people as the natural fulfilment of a national aspiration – a symbolic reintegration with Europe and everything it stands for – freedom, peace, prosperity, security, rule of law, human rights. And now, after 12 years, we have the honour and the responsibility to be at the helm of the EU Council. Our turn has come to give something back to Europe, to bring to the fore again a key message that needs to be clearly promoted: it is unity that makes Europe strong. Unity is for Europe the greatest chance and the only way forward. Therefore, the choice of the motto of the Romanian Presidency, “Cohesion, a common European value” came naturally. It underlines the need for unity and cooperation at all levels – among EU Member States, their citizens and with the EU institutions. The Romanian

EU Presidency promotes “cohesion” as a fundamental European value but also in the broadest sense of the word, from political, economic, to social and territorial cohesion. Following this approach, the agenda of the Romanian Presidency encompasses four key priorities:

Last but not least, a Europe of common values as a key element of our efforts to rebuild citizens’ trust. Promoting the values included in the Treaties, such as cohesion, equality, freedom, democracy, human dignity, justice, and solidarity, is important for ensuring genuine support for the European project.

First, Europe of convergence. We believe that a cohesive Europe has to provide equal development opportunities to all its citizens. We can reach this aim by promoting connectivity and digitalization, implementing regional and cross-border cooperation projects, stimulating entrepreneurship and the competitiveness of the European industry.

Europe represents above all a community of values which we must defend and protect in these troubled times. That is why during the Presidency, Romania is working to advance a citizens-oriented agenda. Files with a concrete impact on the daily life of European citizens are particularly significant. Romania’s presidency is future-oriented and forwardlooking. In preparing for the next institutional cycle of the EU, Romania aims to build on the reflection on the future of Europe. This substantial reflection process will culminate in the informal Summit of European leaders in the Romanian city of Sibiu, to take place symbolically on the 9th of May, on Europe Day.

Secondly, a safer Europe through increased cooperation between Member States against the new security challenges and through upholding initiatives in the areas of justice and security. Thirdly, Europe as a stronger global actor, by supporting a consolidated role of the EU on the international stage, beginning with advancing the enlargement agenda and the European path of our neighbours in the Western Balkans and of the countries of the Eastern Partnership.

Indeed, I believe the European elections and the Sibiu Summit are two milestones of our Presidency. As it looks now, these elections are, more than ever before, crucial for defining the future path of the EU. That is why continuous meaningful communication and dialogue with citizens are very important in maintaining and increasing the support for the European Union and thus ensuring perspectives for its successful future. Especially young people are called upon to actively engage in EU affairs. This is something I am personally very attached to and try to encourage in the frequent dialogues I have with high school and university students.

The National Museum George Enescu opened in the Cantacuzino Palace, Bucharest. Photography: Dragoș Asaftei.

diplomat Magazine events

As I said, unity is the one key ingredient that fuels the European project. Without unity, the EU is nothing but a number of countries. “There is only one Europe! Even if it has a mutilated and divided body, the European idea is indivisible. Europe cannot revive in the Western part of the continent if it dies in the Eastern part. Nowhere the word Europe has a stronger support excepting in the Eastern part. Half of the European population keeps in mind the idea of the European unity as a promise for peace and liberty”. These were the words used in 1948, when the division of our continent was already a fait accompli, by Grigore Gafencu, eminent Romanian diplomat and former foreign minister, one of the ardent proponents of the idea of a United Europe. Today, in a united European Union, as we commemorate 30 years since the fall of the Berlin Wall and of communist regimes in Europe, in 1989, we should remember those times when Europe was divided. And we must not let it happen again. Unity should guide us when our leaders meet in Sibiu on Europe’s Day. Unity must remain the essence of the European project and the force that allows us to overcome the major challenges that the EU is facing. A united Europe is good not just for Europe, but also for the world. The advancement of the European project should be regarded not as optional, but as imperative, as a duty for our generation. Having been separated from the rest of Europe for almost half a century behind the Iron Curtain, Romanians unreservedly appreciate the undeniable benefits of belonging to the EU. It is in this logic that Romania and Romanians want to see the European family prosper based on the values and principles that forge a common European identity while protecting and cherishing what makes Member States and their citizens unique.

Ambassador Alireza Jahangiri Iran Ceremony of Merit By Roy Lie Atam. Photography: Naldo Peverelli.

The Hague, Netherlands - 5th March 2019. Diplomat Magazine and Diplomatic Card organized a Ceremony of Merit for the outgoing Ambassador of Iran H.E. Dr Alireza Jahangiri, Ambassador of the Islamic Republic of Iran to the Netherlands. Diplomat Magazine being one of the first diplomatic magazines of its kind in the Netherlands, presented a Certificate of Merit and an award to H.E. Dr. Alireza Jahangiri, Ambassador of The Islamic Republic of Iran. The certificate and award were presented in recognition for the outstanding contributions that Ambassador Alireza Jahangiri has made in solidifying Iran’s bilateral ties with the Netherlands, as well as for promoting strategic diplomatic engagements. Furthermore, Dr. Jahangiri has been significantly involved with international organizations and has served as the chairman of the OPCW SCP. The Ceremony of Merit was also an opportunity to express profound gratitude to Ambassador Alireza Jahangiri for his support to the diplomatic community and the media. The auspicious occasion was attended by members of the Diplomatic community, the International judiciary, academics as well as individuals of the Iranian community. Glowing remarks were delivered by a total of six speakers including the Russian Federation, Indonesia, and the Philippines Ambassador. The speakers all lauded Ambassador Alireza Jahangiri for his fine contributions within the diplomatic community and his pivotal involvement in the OPCW, but above all, great emphasis was placed on Alireza Jahangiri himself, the man, the colossus. Several references were made to the personal and friendly relationship that existed between Jahangiri and his fellow Ambassadors. One speaker in addressing Ambassador Jahangiri cited a quote from Hubert H. Humphrey which states, “the greatest gift of life is friendship and I have received it.” It is undeniable that anyone who came into contact with Ambassador Alireza Jahangiri will attest to his professionalism, academic qualities and his great humanity. There was no better way to bid farewell to a stalwart of the diplomatic community and also a dear friend. A grand reception concluded the Ceremony of Merit at the Crowne Plaza Hotel.

What Nicolae Titulescu – the prodigious figure of Romanian diplomacy in the inter-war period, twice-elected president of the League of Nations – used to emphasize almost a century ago is as valid today as it was then. “Romania’s policy is influenced by the perfect convergence between Romanian and European interests. All of our present and future actions in the field of foreign policy have emerged and will emerge from this fundamental principle.” Romania is Europe and Europe is us.

DIPLOMAT MAGAZINE #10

diplomatAMBASSADORIAL

afghanistan A FRAGILE UNDERTAKING IN A POST-CONFLICT PEACEBUILDING

By H.E. Dr. M. Homayoon Azizi, Ambassador of Afghanistan in the Netherlands. Permanent Representative of Afghanistan to OPCW. Photography: Kim Vermaat.

Decades after it became a high-profile topic for the national and international dialogue agenda, post-conflict peacebuilding remains a fragile undertaking with mixed results. While there is little doubt that peacebuilding will continue to require international attention, the lessons of the last decades do not add up to a successful record. Peacebuilding is a Multi-Dimensional Enterprise with Several Pillars: While various actors define these pillars differently, there is consensus that peacebuilding has political, social, economic, security and legal dimensions, each of which requires attention. Distinguishing it from conventional development, peacebuilding is understood to be a highly political project involving the creation of a legitimate political authority that can avoid the resurgence of violence. Afghanistan and the protracted war the nation is suffering for last four decades is a unique case in which root causes of the problem could be sought beyond its geographical and political borders. One cannot ignore or deny the role of regional and international role players in the historical tragedy and recent development in Afghanistan. Our geopolitical location which could have been a strength, unfortunately, has caused the country to become a playground of potential powers in the region and beyond seeking or protecting their strategic interests and lack of a powerful and legitimate government in the country has made us fail to seek and protect our own interest. Speaking on behalf of my nation and Government, tragedy is a daily occurrence in our lives. Each week, we lose on average one hundred Afghans, from all walks of life. The scale of violence inflicted on us is dramatic.

A true sense of urgency for peace, on the one hand, requires clarity of strategic focus, reasoned discourse, calmness and deliberation. On the other hand, the daily pain and suffering inflicted upon our people and our institutions, capabilities and capitals, is intense, relentless, and horrific. Unspeakable crimes are being committed against the Afghan people. What is being practiced against our society and people is best characterized as unrestrained warâ&#x20AC;&#x201D; there is not a single sphere of our life that has not been attacked. Public streets, hospitals, mosques, universities, places of business, sports centers, schools. How have Afghans reacted to this tragedy? With despair and hopelessness? No, instead, with powerful conviction and a true sense of urgency to seek an enduring and inclusive peace. Not the formal type of peace that comes from signing a piece of paper, but the material

and substantial type of peace that will enable us to address the deep roots of our inherited problems from four decades of conflict. Let me differentiate between a false sense of urgency and a true sense of urgency. False urgency consists of hurried actions without direction, often organized around political timelines, boxes ticked without coherenceâ&#x20AC;&#x201D; this is a dangerous and superficial path to shallow and short-term peace that we must steer clear of. A true sense of urgency means we are laser-focused on what lasting peace requires. True urgency allows us to focus on the critical issues, to define and own our problems, and to draw on our past and the experiences of other societies. It requires careful consideration of each aspect of peace-making, but also the courage to consider and take risks and the assumption of responsibility for leading peace efforts.

diplomatAMBASSADORIAL LAYERS FOR STUDYING IN PEACE IN AFGHANISTAN:

1. National and subnational actors: - Taliban and its affiliated groups - Political parties and figures - The Afghanistan Government, 2. Regional actors: there are some factors which link the regional actors with the national and subnational actors: - The concept of power shows, when there is a weakness in a country, so the Strong’s interest will increase toward the weak country. - Strong stakeholders will compete in weak, fragile and failed states. 3. International actors: looking to have an average perspective, which considering regional and national actors’ interests and consensus.

WITH THE ABOVE ANALYSES, THERE ARE AT LEAST THREE SCENARIOS FOR PEACE OF AFGHANISTAN:

The government of Afghanistan is driven by a sense of true urgency for peace in our society. We have had this for years now, and we have already laid some critical groundwork for sustainable peace over the past five years. We sought a peace agreement in which the Taliban would be included in a democratic and inclusive society, respecting the following tenets: 1. The Constitutional rights and obligations, of all citizens, especially women, are ensured. 2. The Constitution is accepted, or amendments proposed through the constitutional provision. 3. The Afghan National Defense and Security Forces and civil service function according to law. 4. Armed groups with ties to transnational terrorist networks or transnational criminal organizations, or with ties to state/non-state actors, seeking influence in Afghanistan will be excluded from the political process. The prerequisite for achieving these end goals is state centric – Afghan Led, Afghan owned peace talks process and clearly requires a sovereign and independent Afghanistan. We must not sacrifice sustainable peace to achieve short-term objectives, which would ultimately result in a renewal of old conflicts.

DIPLOMAT MAGAZINE #10

“I hope and pray that we will be able to deliver on our vision of peace and the program necessary to make sure that it will be a credible and lasting peace.”

THIS IS UNRESTRAINED WARFARE. ITS EVER-CHANGING CHARACTER IS DRIVEN BY FOUR DIMENSIONS:

1. Trans-national terrorist networks have targeted us since the hijacking of our country by Al-Qaeda in the 1990s. 2. Transnational criminal organizations are the second drivers of conflict 3. The third dimension is the failure of some neighboring countries – and one in particular – to fulfill all their obligations under UN conventions against terrorism 4. The Afghan Taliban are the fourth driver of conflict. In such a context as we work together with our regional and international allies in this pursuit of lasting peace, we must not repeat the experience of 1992, where instead of stability and security, we were engulfed in massive conflict resulting in the destruction of our human, social and economic capital. Afghans may not become refugees again. We should not allow the gains to be lost through lack of focus and hotheadedness. We are determined to have clarity of vision, focused direction, and deliberate action to voice, represent and safeguard the sacrifices of our national defense and security forces and deliver on the hopes and aspirations of our people. In any conflict resolution and peace building process, engagement of all parties/stakeholders are imperative to assure their interests are met and the outcome of the process is acceptable for them,

THE CURRENT PEACEBUILDING EFFORTS IN AFGHANISTAN IS LED UNDER THREE SCENARIOS, 1. The Qatar Process 2. Moscow Peace Dialogue 3. Iranian Efforts

Given the similar experience of false sense of urgency for peace and reconciliations in the1990s chaotic resulting in destruction of all infrastructures, 5 million refugees and more than 65000 Afghans killed only in Kabul, We believe that the above three mentioned scenarios are copies of the failed efforts experienced in 1990s, and different involved parties are seeking their own interests and acting in silos for a peace agreement with one side of the game while having no guarantee for ensuring the rights of Afghan women and men and our shared achievements of the last two decades. The Afghan Government believes that the only solution for the ongoing challenge is a State Led, Afghan owned peacebuilding process while taking account not only the wills of Afghan women and men, but also the interests of all our regional and international partners to ensure a long-lasting peaceful relationship with our partners. In light this wisdom, we clearly see that the ongoing efforts are not in line with the Afghan Government policy as we have not been party in the negotiations in Qatar and Moscow until now. I hope and pray that we will be able to deliver on our vision of peace and the program necessary to make sure that it will be a credible and lasting peace.

diplomatAMBASSADORIAL

armenia WHAT IS IT SO SPECIAL ABOUT ARMENIA?

By H.E. Mr Tigran Balayan, Ambassador of the Republic of Armenia to the Kingdom of the Netherlands. Photography: Roy Strik.

This question was formulated by an Ambassador, accredited to Armenia, after the victory of non-violent revolution in Armenia in 2018. And since, many are trying to answer this question, I would offer you my version of the answer. Armenia: a landlocked country of a big nation, a unique corner of creativity and bright minds, an island of hospitality and warm smiles. While speaking about Armenia one can use many characteristics, objective and subjective ones, but most won’t argue that the very special thing about this country is its anthropocentrism. The very fact of Armenia being human centered was once again demonstrated in 2018. The Velvet Revolution that took place in April last year came to prove that the driving force of our country is its people։ the people who have once again manifested the adherence to their universal democratic values and fundamental freedoms, who have strongly and vocally confirmed their determination to strengthen the respect of human rights, who have resolutely rejected the entrenched negative practices of the past and decisively embraced reforms aimed at fighting corruption, strengthening the justice system and the rule of law, as well as good governance, securing equal opportunities in social and economic life to promote sustainable development.

THE SLOGANS OF ARMENIAN POPULAR MOVEMENT, NAMELY “LOVE, FRATERNITY AND TOLERANCE” SPEAK FOR THEMSELVES. The Velvet Revolution embodies an absolutely non-violent transformation without a single victim. It is another demonstration of the considerably high degree of political maturity and legal literacy of the Armenian public, of all its segments and institutions. Of particular significance is the distinctly strong role of the youth and women, who stood at the forefront of the Revolution, having a fantastic influence on peaceful transfer of power.

Noteworthy, the events of April, 2018 had their logical continuation, namely the snap parliamentary elections held last December, which were assessed by numerous international observation missions as consistent with international standards, as well as free, fair and transparent. The snap elections came to reaffirm the complete victory of democracy in the country and paved a way for building up a more prosperous Armenia. Armenia is on his way of providing a fertile ground and attractiveness for foreign, including European investors. The “Comprehensive and Enhanced Partnership Agreement” with the European Union, which economically and politically connects Armenia to the latter, provides all the necessary conditions for creating a business friendly environment for the investors. The large scale reforms, conducted by my Government, are aimed at creating most favorable conditions for businesses and investments. This very idea of providing a revolutionary leap in economy lies in the basis of the Government’s program, due to which the Revolution is not over: there is a second stage and it is the Economic one. As a result of the last year’s political developments in the country, Armenia was selected by “The Economist” as “The Country of the Year”, stating that “an ancient and often misruled nation in a turbulent region has a chance of democracy and renewal”. Certainly, achieving coherent democracy is a difficult process, which requires substantial time, unconditional commitment and even a change in mentality. Armenia has taken the first steps in this everlasting path. Due to the unprecedented level of public confidence and legitimacy the Government of Armenia remains resolute in implementing the adopted multifaceted and ambitious agenda of reforms.

Armenia has opened an entirely new page in its history, a page full of hopes and confidence in a brighter future. In this challenging path Armenia should not be left alone: the support of the democratic states, especially the Netherlands, as a leading advocate of human rights and fundamental freedoms, is of high importance. In its activities and actions by far the Government is being led by the strong recognition of the imperative of continuity and sustainability of the efforts aimed at providing tangible results, as the support of the Armenian public rendered to the Prime Minister of Armenia and to the Government is both inspiring and hugely obliging. Armenia’s uniqueness also lies in the very fact that the Velvet Revolution has been strictly homegrown and was of an exclusively domestic nature. Both in its program and in the actual conduct of policies the Government has been distinctly adhering to continuity of its foreign policy, both at bilateral and multilateral levels, aimed at the promotion of regional and international peace, stability and mutually reinforcing cooperation. My country’s foreign policy is strictly Armenia centered, and its domestic policy is human oriented, as we see no alternatives to democracy, which has existential importance for Armenia and Armenian Diaspora, present on all continents. And, indeed, it is exactly what is so special about Armenia.

diplomatAMBASSADORIAL

bosnia FROM THE PAST TO THE FUTURE By H.E. Ms. Mirsada Čolaković, Ambassador of Bosnia and Herzegovina to the Kingdom of the Netherlands. Photography: Naldo Peverelli.

It seems as if it was only yesterday when I was a young diplomat in the mid 1990’srepresenting my newly independent country to the Benelux. This is where my first ties and personal connections with the Netherlands began. The Netherlands, 27 years ago, was one of the first countries to establish diplomatic relations with my country. Much progress has been made in our bilateral political, economic and cultural cooperation. There is an important connection between our two countries. By saying this, I refer to the significant number (around 40,000) of people with Bosnian and Herzegovinian origin who found refuge here in time of great need, during the tragic war in former Yugoslavia. Today most of them are very successful and highly educated individuals, working as lawyers, doctors, business owners, artists and distinguished members of academia. I am very proud when I talk to Dutch officials and hear them say that Bosnians are among the best integrated communities in the Netherlands: according to the statistics, 40% of the young generations who grew up in the Netherlands, obtained a university degree. A remarkable variety of people-to-people contacts between Bosnians and Dutchmen has been established. Dutch entrepreneurs, among them quite a few from the BiH1

community, have discovered the economic and commercial advantages that my country has to offer. BiH is an attractive place for cost-efficient and reliable outsourcing of parts of production processes, e.g. in light metalworking, in furniture making and software development. There is room for more, notably in agriculture and in food processing. If it is true that wisdom comes with age, it is also true that today our world is facing unprecedented challenges: multilateralism is under immense strain, and our shared values are being tested, our common endeavours, system and structures are being revisited. I feel that only a reinvigorated vision and persistent commitment to our shared beliefs can make a difference. Indeed: small and big, developed and developing countries, need to rally around and unite to uphold our legacy; the principles of international law, human rights and other core values enshrined in the UN Charter. My dedication to multilateralism is the result of personal experience: working as the Permanent Representative of BiH to the United Nations in New York, in particular when I represented my country during the time it served as an elected member of the Security Council (2010 /2011). That experience gave me an additional perception and unique knowledge of global political dynamics. The multilateral approach to global challenges is another example of a vision that BiH and the Netherlands share.

THE PATH TO THE EUROPEAN UNION

Submission of the application for the EU membership by BiH occurred during the Dutch Presidency of the EU in February 2016. This date marks the completion of one of the very important steps in fulfilling the primary strategic priority and goal of my country’s foreign policy: joining the EU. Granting the candidate status to BiH, which we expect to happen this year/in 2019, would give a strong impetus to the implementation of all necessary reforms to meet the EU membership criteria. It would also further contribute to our citizens’ natural sense of belonging to a larger European family of nations, with which they have always shared values, history as well as cultural heritage and strong personal ties.

SECURITY

BiH was once a receiver of international peace-keeping and security efforts, and has since moved on to become a provider of peace and security across the world. In this regard I want to underline our troop contributions and our continued presence in the NATO mission in Afghanistan, as well as to EU and UN missions dedicated to the fight against terrorism and radical extremism.

WHAT IS BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA FAMOUS FOR?

Apart from an unfortunate, tragic and painful recent past, over the centuries our country has enjoyed a very vibrant and rich history. It has always been a meeting point for the West and the East. This has resulted in a rich plethora of cultures, traditions, ethnicities, and religions. As such, diversity is one of the core principles of our country, the same principle upon which the European Union is based. The testimonies of those who have visited my country are the best proof of the unique beauties of BiH. They will tell you of its natural wonders, ranging from snow covered mountain peaks, lush forests, deep valleys with beautiful rivers, amazing cities, deep lakes and a short but beautiful seaside. They will also tell you about the hospitality of our people, wonderful cuisine, excellent Herzegovinian wine, the best regional Film Festival and Oscar winners, our Olympic Winter Games (1984) as well as the European Youth Olympic Festival 2019.

diplomatAMBASSADORIAL

Republic of Moldova DISCOVER THE ROUTES OF LIFE By Tatiana Pârvu, Ambassador of the Republic of Moldova to The Kingdom of the Netherlands. Photography: Naldo Peverelli (portrait) and Mihai Vengher for the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Moldova (landscape).

A country with an intense business presence in many parts of the world, social innovations and creative industries, advanced education system and many achievements. We could learn a lot from the Netherlands.

I have joined the Diplomatic Corps in the Netherlands in June last year when I presented my Credentials as Ambassador to the Kingdom of the Netherlands and later in autumn as Permanent Representative of the Republic of Moldova to the Organization for Prohibition of Chemical Weapons.

Republic of Moldova is a small country in the South Eastern part of Europe with rich historical and cultural heritage. With a population of around 4 million inhabitants, it is home to many nationalities with diverse religious, cultural and culinary traditions. Whoever visits my country will discover genuine hospitality and welcoming people. Traditional homes in Moldova were always built with a special room called “Casa Mare” (big room) where guests are treated with homemade wine and authentic cuisine.

Our Embassy was established less than a decade ago with the objectives to promote bilateral relations with the host country as well as multilateral cooperation with multiple international organizations sitting in the Netherlands. I am honoured to have joined our small team of the mission and represent my country in the beautiful city of The Hague with vibrant international community. In 2019 we celebrate the 27th anniversary since the establishment of diplomatic relations between our two countries, which coincides with the period when I started my career within the Diplomatic Service of my country. Throughout this period, we enjoyed an increase of political dialogue and economic cooperation, people to people contacts and there is still room for improvement. Hence making Moldova better known is one of my goals as Ambassador to the Netherlands. The national institutions of my country benefited from several important assistance projects offered by Dutch government in a variety of fields, such as the training of young diplomats, sharing knowledge and expertise in agriculture, justice and rule of law, banking and finance, etc.

We witness lately an impressive revival of our national costumes and folk customs, many of which are part of UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritage. Carpets in Moldova are regarded works of art, symbol of national identity deeply rooted to cultural legacy. The carpet weaving technique from the Republic of Moldova and România is also being enlisted by UNESCO Cultural Heritage. Making wine in our region is a long-standing tradition dating from ancient times. There is a large diversity of good quality wines with fascinating wine cellars to visit. For instance, the wine cellars of “Mileștii Mici” company were registered in the Guinness Book of Records as having the biggest wine collections in the world with around 2 million bottles. “Cricova” wine cellars are also known for their huge labyrinths with total surface of 120 km reaching up to 80 m underground. It is not by accident that all traditions are found intrinsically in our motto, Moldova: “Discover the routes of life”.

In five years, period since the signature of Association Agreement and DCFTA with European Union, the Republic of Moldova has witnessed an extraordinary business and economic advancement in terms of diversification but also increasing the production standards. Our wines, agricultural and other products have reached the EU market, 69% being exported to the European countries, including to the Netherlands. Since 2014 our citizens can travel freely without visa within Schengen area. Identifying itself with European family, our government has set up an ambitious agenda of reforms in line with national objective of European integration. Taking the business environment alone, several unprecedented actions have been taken which led to increase of jobs availability, the promotion of open economic policy, strengthening of legal framework and reform of national institutions, reducing red tape and state control burden, offering attractive incentives for foreign investors and growing business. One of the attractive features for foreign investment is the opportunity offered by the Free Economic zones, Industrial Parks and IT Parks. Moldova is among the leading countries with the highest internet speed having high IT potential. The IT hub “Tekwill” based Chișinău, the country’s capital, comprises a hundred of resident companies with a turnout of over half a billion euro. Overall the Republic of Moldova has succeeded a lot in a relatively short period of time being ranked according to Doing Business report at the 47th position out of 190 analysed economies. Together with my small team of the embassy I encourage foreign investors as well all those who want to see another beautiful place in Europe to put Moldova on top of their priorities list.

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Tunisia’s flavours and music land in The Hague By Guido Lanfranchi. Photography: Roy Strik.

A combination of Tunisian flavours and music filled the Crowne Plaza hotel in The Hague. A large number of guests, including several Ambassadors, diplomats, and businessmen, gathered to enjoy the night, impeccably co-organized by the Tunisian Embassy, the Tunisian Tourist Office, the Diplomat Magazine, and the hotel’s staff. A glass of tasty mint tea, accompanied by traditional Tunisian music playing in the background: this was the pleasant welcome offered to the guests attending the inaugural dinner of the “Tunisian Gastronomic Days”. At the entrance, H.E. Mr. Elyes Ghariani, Ambassador of Tunisia in the Netherlands, and Mr. Patrick Aarsman, General Manager of Crowne Plaza, welcomed the incoming guests as they swiftly filled in the hotel’s dining room. Starting from the room’s entrance, the ambiance immediately recalled Tunisia. Typical Tunisian objects and spices were on display at the doorway to welcome the guests, images of different Tunisian cities and sites were used to identify the different tables, and even the hotel’s staff uniforms were modelled

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on the Tunisian style. The red colour was featuring everywhere in the room, and the Tunisian flag was proudly displayed nearby the stage. On the stage, an experienced musical trio, composed by Mrs. Lamia Ktata, Mrs. Rim Belhedi, and Mrs. Fatma Dridi, entertained the guests with traditional Tunisian music for the whole duration of the event. The music was briefly interrupted only to open the floor for the hosts’ introductory remarks. Ambassador Ghariani, outlined the night’s program to the guests and proudly introduced the musicians, as well as the two professional chefs, Mr. Taieb Bouhadra and Mr. Haykel Ben Zaidra, who had flown directly from Tunisia in order to allow the guests to taste the real flavours of their country. In his introductory remarks, Ambassador Ghariani underlined how Tunisia’s position at the centre of the Mediterranean Sea has always made the country a crucial crossroad in the region. Different peoples, goods, and ideas from Africa, Europe, and the Middle East historically converged in Tunisia, dramatically enriching the country’s cultural diversity. Mr. Mohammed Attia, Director of the Tunisian Tourist Office in the Netherlands, outlined his office’s activities and invited the guests to enjoy the full Tunisian experience of the night.

As the music restarted to fill the room, the appetizers started to arrive on the guests’ tables. Berber harissa and sidi daouad tuna, accompanied by Tunisian extra virgin olive oil, prepared the guests’ palate for the chorba frik soup with octopus. These appetizers were followed by a wide mix of salads, including the typical slata mechouia with tuna, the houriya salad with anchovies and olives, the kerkanies octopus salad, as well as a typical Tunisian salad with apples. These entrées, together with the meat banadhej and the typical Fatma fingers, set the stage for the main course of the night, composed by the marka halouwa with tibar lamb, as well as chicken with olives and preserved lemons, and accompanied by couscous with Maltese oranges and borghol with vegetables. This tasty and extremely variegated combination of plates was closed by a Tunisian dessert, the assida with zgougou, and by an assortment of Tunisian pastries. To accompany this extraordinary meal, the guests could also choose between two different wines, the red Magon Majus and the white Chardonnay Clipea. During the whole night, the trio’s music served as a relaxing background for the conversations among the guests, who remained in the Crowne Plaza’s dining room until late.

Tunisian musical trio, composed by Mrs. Lamia Ktata, Mrs. Rim Belhedi, and Mrs. Fatma Dridi.

diplomatAMBASSADORIAL By H.E. Mr. George Sharvashidze, Ambassador of Georgia to the Kingdom of the Netherlands.

georgia 11 YEARS SINCE THE OCCUPATION OF 20% OF GEORGIA’S TERRITORY Russian military invasion into Georgia was premeditated and thoroughly calculated long before the actual war. Russian President himself confirmed to the state media that the general staff drew up this plan somewhere in late 2006 or early 2007. The provocations started in first days of August 2008 with massive attacks on Georgian controlled villages by Russian-backed Ossetian volunteers, which preceded by the units of Russia’s 58th Army crossing the state border of Georgia through the Roki Tunnel on 7 August 2008. With an artificial pretext of protecting the Russian “citizens” on Georgian soil, Moscow started a large-scale attack against the sovereign country on land, at sea, by air, and via cyberspace. Throughout these years, the security and human rights situation in Abkhazia and Tskhinvali region/South Ossetia as well as in adjacent territories to the occupation line has further aggravated. The Russian Federation has been strengthening its illegal military presence on Georgian soil. Ethnic Georgians who remained in the occupied territories are now the subject of intensified discrimination. There are no international mechanisms operating on the ground to effectively address these challenges. The most tragic incidents were connected to the deprivation of the right to life, more specifically, to the murder of Georgian IDPs Archil Tatunashvili, Giga Otkhozoria, and Davit Basharuli. In all three cases, the murder was committed by representatives

11 years have passed since Russia’s aggression against Georgia in 2008. After the invasion, Russian Federation illegally occupied Georgia’s historical regions of Abkhazia and Tskhinvali region/South Ossetia. As a result of the occupation, security and stability on the ground is constantly being threatened. Local population faces severe socio-economic ruin and humanitarian hurdles, gross violations of human rights and ethnic discrimination is being promoted, people are deprived of their lives. Moreover, Russia has intensified the steps towards factual annexation of Abkhazia and Tskhinvali region/South Ossetia disregard of international law.

of the occupation regimes in Sokhumi and Tskhinvali. These are the cases of brutal torture on the grounds of ethnicity. This serves as yet another demonstration of how far the sense of impunity has progressed in the occupied territories. Government of Georgia introduced the “Otkhzoria-Tatunashvili List” as a preventive step to avoid further aggravation of situation through imposing the restrictive measures on the individuals responsible for human rights abuses in the occupied regions.

between the divided societies and improve the humanitarian, social, and economic conditions of conflict-affected people in Georgia’s regions of Abkhazia and Tskhinvali region/South Ossetia. The peace initiative facilitates people-to-people interaction and gives the opportunity to the conflict-affected people to have access to all the benefits that the rest of the population of Georgia enjoys as a result of Georgia’s democratic and economic development and its path towards European integration.

Despite the challenging aftermath of August 2008 war and occupation of 20% of the territory, Georgia has managed to succeed in its democratic transition and economic development, and further advanced on its irreversible path towards European and Euro-Atlantic integration.

It is crucial to remain vigilant against the challenges resulting from the destructive behavior of Russia who is not willing to comply with the fundamental norms of international law. Needless to underline that through destabilization of security environment in Georgia, Ukraine and elsewhere, Russia is testing the resolve of the international society as to how far it is willing to go to defend its core principles and values. And this is the kind of challenge that no country can address on its own unless the whole international community stays united and robust.

Georgia spares no effort to reach tangible results in the Geneva International Discussions, and continues constructive participation in the negotiations to address security and humanitarian challenges stemming from the unresolved conflict between Russia and Georgia. Unfortunately, the format is largely handicapped as a result of Moscow’s deliberate attempts to politicize humanitarian issues and undermine peace negotiations. In addition to result-oriented and constructive participation in the negotiation formats, Georgia has been active in its policy of reconciliation and confidence building between the communities divided by occupation line. The recent peace initiative “A Step to a Better Future” aims to further enhance engagement

Everyone should understand that this is not the struggle that is going to determine the fate of Georgia only. Georgia cannot and should not fight alone as the threat concerns not just a single country but the European continent as a whole. Unless Russia is contained, the similar scenario is bound to be repeated elsewhere with more determination and even more aggressively, as the example of Ukraine proved.

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Aznavour 95’s Anniversary by Armenia By Tereza Neuwirthova. Photography: Naldo Peverelli.

Friends from the diplomatic community and the Armenian diaspora were invited by H.E. Mr. Tigran Balayan, the Ambassador of Armenia together with Diplomat Magazine to celebrate the 95th anniversary of the birth of the legendary French-Armenian singer and diplomat, Charles Aznavour. The celebratory concert followed by a reception took place at the Gymnasium Haganum in The Hague, which was an ideal venue for this event with its monumental hallways and a spacious auditorium. H.E. Mr. Ambassador Tigran Balayan opened the evening with his speech dedicated to Aznavour, a man of great honour with whom Mr. Balayan luckily had the chance to meet many times in his life. During his speech, Mr. Ambassador also mentioned the great achievement of Armenia, the presidency of the International Organization of la Francophonie from 2018 until 2020. To end his speech by stressing the deep and valued relationship of Armenia and la Francophonie, Mr. Ambassador used a quote by Charles Aznavour who said: “I am 100% French and 100% Armenian.”

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Following Mr. Ambassador’s speech, the moderator of the evening, Ms. Dominique Peters President of L’Amité-Club de La Haye, presented a vibrant tribute to the genius Charles Aznavour: “He was not only an Ambassador of the Song and an Ambassador of la Francophonie, which he had made one of his priorities, but also the Ambassador of Armenia in Switzerland.” “A lyricist, composer, singer and actorinterpreter, he was a genius of French poetry and one of the greatest artists of the twentieth century.” “Charles Aznavour was also one of the most symbolic representatives of the Armenian Diaspora with his flag bearer: “We start Armenian, we end humanist,” what he used to say. Deeply humanistic, he has devoted himself to full commitment to society as Permanent Delegate to UNESCO and to the United Nations Office.” “Moreover, we cannot forget his filmography which includes more than 80 feature films, made by some of the biggest names in French cinema.” Thereafter, the concert was opened by the talented Armenian pianist Arayik Mirzoyan, who played Pour toi Arménie, a song written by Charles Aznavour and Georges Gavarentz in 1989, and devoted to help victims of an earthquake tragedy that happened in Armenia the previous year.

Following was another musical performance of two of Aznavour’s pieces performed by a five-boys Aznaband chore from the Lycée Français Vincent van Gogh, accompanied by their pianist teacher Ms. Helene Perrotin. This ensemble performed the songs Emmenez-moi as well as Hier encore, which were followed by a great applause from the audience. A subsequent point of the evening programme was a captivating ten-minute video collage about the life of Charles Aznavour, which was produced by his son Mr. Nicolas Aznavour and displayed the genius with his many faces and roles that he took up during his life. Following the video projection was the last musical piece by Charles Aznavour, the famous La Bohème, a song which was performed by the Armenian lawyer and singer Vardgues Khanjaryan who travelled from Brussels to attend, and his brilliant performance marked the highlight of the evening programme. After the concert a reception took place, at which Armenian wines together with other delicacies, as well as a colossal cake with the figure of Charles Aznavour made by the Armenian community, were served to the guests. During the reception, Aznavour’s songs were played by a duo of piano and contrabass Guillaume Marcenac while the guests were chatting about the spectacle and enjoying the great wines as well as company.

diplomatAMBASSADORIAL

viet nam A NEW POSITIVE MILESTONE IN THE COOPERATIVE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN VIET NAM AND THE NETHERLANDS By Ngo Thi Hoa, Ambassador of Viet Nam to The Kingdom of the Netherlands. Photography: Ambassady of Viet Nam in the Netherlands.

At the invitation of H.E Mr. Nguyen Xuan Phuc, Prime Minister of the Socialist Republic of Viet Nam, H.E. Mr.Mark Rutte,Prime Minister of the Netherlands, paid an official visit to Viet Nam on 9 April 2019, accompanied by Minister of Infrastructure and Water Management Cora van Nieuwenhuizen; Vice-Minister of Agriculture, Nature and Food Quality Marjolijn Sonnema; State Secretary for Finance Menno Snel; President of the Confederation of Netherlands Industry and Employers Hans de Boer, and 75 leading businesses with more than 100 members. Prime Minister Mark Rutte had a tight and effective working program in Viet Nam. More specifically, the Dutch Prime Minister held official talks with Prime Minister Nguyen Xuan Phuc, met with General Secretary, State President Nguyen Phu Trongand President of the National Assembly Nguyen Thi Kim Ngan, presided with Deputy Prime Minister Vuong Dinh Hue over the meeting with the CEOs of large enterprises investing and operating in Viet Nam, and finally attended and a sustainable fashion show held by the Hanoi Municipal Peopleâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Committee and the Embassy of the Netherlands in Viet Nam before leaving Ha Noi on the late night of 9 April.

On the sidelines of the visit, many related Conferences, seminars, meetings and connecting events among businesses and governmental leaders of the two countries were held such as the 7thSession of the Inter-governmental Committee of Vietnam Netherlands on Climate Change Adaptation and Water Management, the Seminar between the Government and businesses in the agricultural sector, the Workshop on developing offshore wind power, the Water Business Dialogue, the 3rdVietnam Netherlands Civil Aviation Conference etc. During all the meetings and talks, Prime Minister Mark Rutte and the Vietnamese leaders agreed that the friendship and cooperation relationship between the two countries have been developing positively, effectively and dynamically on all fields, especially in the economic sector when the Netherlands is now the second largest European trading partner of Viet Nam (with bilateral turnover in 2018 reaching 7.8 billion USD) and the largest European investor in Viet Nam (with total registered FDI amounting to 9.55 billion USD). They noted with satisfaction the fact that the Strategic Partnership on Climate Change Adaptation and Water Management and on Sustainable Agriculture and Food Security have been implemented by specific programmes and projects and considered these to be the continued focus of bilateral cooperation in the future.

In the spirit of mutual trust and understanding, the two Prime Ministers discussed many international and regional issues of mutual concern; affirmed to continue to cooperate closely and support each other at multilateral fora such as the United Nations and the ASEAN-EU cooperation; highlighted the importance of peace, stability, security, safety, freedom of navigation and aviation in the South China Sea, while underlining the principle of legal supremacy and peaceful settlement of disputes in accordance with international law, including the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS). The two Prime Ministers agreed to upgrade the Viet Nam-Netherlands relation to a comprehensive partnership. After the talks, Prime Minister Nguyen Xuan Phuc and his Dutch counterpart signed a Memorandum of Understanding between the Government of Viet Nam and the Government of the Netherlands on the Cooperation on the Agricultural Transition in the Mekong River Delta, and witnessed the signing ceremony of important documents, including the Agreement on Customs Cooperation and Assistance; the Joint Declaration on Adaptation and Vietnamâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s engagement as convening country in the Global Commission on Adaptation; the Letter of Intent on Unlocking the Land Potential for Sustainable Agriculture and Food Security; and the Letter of Intent on the cooperation in the field of Land registration and Land information management. On this occasion, the two sides issued a Joint Statement on the results of the official visit to Viet Nam by the Dutch Prime Minister.

diplomatAMBASSADORIAL On behalf of Prime Minister Mark Rutte, Minister of Infrastructure and Water Management Cora Van Nieuwenhuizen led the Dutch government and business delegation to pay working visits in Hanoi, Da Nang, Hoi An and Ho Chi Minh City, with many diverse activities such as meeting with local leaders, exploring investment projects of water management, coastal erosion and flood prevention, attending business dialogues and signing ceremonies of cooperation documents among the business community. From the aforementioned contents, it can be said that the visit to Viet Nam by Prime Minister Mark Rutte and his delegation has been successful, achieving many positive results in the following key aspects: Firstly, to contribute to strengthen the multifaceted cooperation between the two countries in an efficient and sustainable manner, thereby meeting common needs and interests of both sides: Most highlighting is the decision to upgrade the Vietnam - Netherlands relationship to a comprehensive partnership, with a view to effectively harnessing their

cooperation potentials, enabling the bilateral ties to expand and deepen with greater dynamism in all dimensions in the years to come. This is a significant milestone, coinciding with the commemoration of 46thanniversary of diplomatic relation establishment between Viet Nam and the Netherlands (9/4/19739/4/2019). Secondly, to promote bilateral economic, investment and trade relations on the basis of potentials, advantages and development needs: Within the framework of the visit, 23 business agreements were signed between the two sides, covering a wide range of fields such as circular economy, agriculture, renewable energy, environmental protection, urban development and building of smart cities, ocean economy, sea transport, animal husbandry, food safety management, climate change adaptation, water quality, sports, education, football etc. In the coming period, the expected signing and ratification of the Viet Nam-EU Free

Trade Agreement (EVFTA) and Investment Protection Agreement (IPA) will provide favourable impetuses for the Vietnam-EU investment and business environment in general as well as that of Vietnam and the Netherlands in particular. Thirdly, to contribute to tightening friendship and people-to-people relations between localities of the two countries: Over the past years, Viet Nam and the Netherlands have established effective partnerships between provinces and cities such as Hanoi - Amsterdam, Ho Chi Minh City Rotterdam, Binh Duong Province - Emmen and Eindhoven, Vinh Long - Gelderlands, An Giang - Oss etc. Through the working visits of the Minister of Infrastructure and Water Management Cora Van Nieuwenhuizen to localities of Viet Nam, the two sides agreed to jointly deploy many specific cooperation activities, especially in the fields that the Netherlands owns vast experience and advantages such as urban planning, environment, water management, industrial and urban waste disposal, agricultural technology development etc.

diplomat Magazine events Certificate of Merit for Mr. Aviv Shir-On Ambassador of Israel Photography: Naldo Peverelli.

The Hague, Monday 24 June 2019, a Ceremony of Merit was held for H.E. Mr Aviv Shir-On, Ambassador of Israel who will be departing from the Netherlands shortly. Many of Ambassador Shir On’s colleagues and non-diplomats came to bid farewell to him on the bright sunny day. After the playing of the national anthem of the Netherlands and Israel, the Master of Ceremony read out what the Certificate of Merit is all about, His Excellency Andras Kocsis, Ambassador of Hungary had the honour to address the parting ambassador and present him with an award. Kocsis made reference to Ambassador Shir On’s Hungarian ancestors. “Aviv has served his country with honour throughout the decades. He was not only a DIPLOMAT MAGAZINE #10

gret Israeli ambassador, but a good friend too. I have always cherished our personal relationship” expressed Ambassador Kocsis. A second speaker was Madam Brigita Tazelaar Deputy Director General International Cooperation at Ministry of Foreign Affairs. Tazelaar particularly thanked Ambassador Shir On for his engagement in the Palestine Israeli talks in the Netherlands, for his engagement with the Dutch society, as well as for his role in putting on the agenda key issues like the rise of antisemitism. Ambassador Shir On thanked his colleagues for the excellent cooperation. It contributed to making his stint successful. The brief and sublime ceremony concluded with the taking of photos, cutting of a cake designed in the Israeli Blue and white and a reception. We all whish Ambassador every success for the future.

Aviv Shir-On,

diplomatAMBASSADORIAL

viet nam

VIET NAM’S MEMBERSHIP IN THE UNITED NATIONS SECURITY COUNCIL FOR THE TERM 2020-2021 A NEW MILESTONE IN MULTILATERAL DIPLOMACY OF THE COUNTRY

By Ngo Thi Hoa, Ambassador of Viet Nam to The Kingdom of the Netherlands. Photography: Ambassady of Viet Nam in the Netherlands. Over the past years, following the foreign policy of independence, self-reliance, multilateralization and diversification of foreign relations, and active international integration, Viet Nam has attached great importance to the work of multilateral mechanisms. Today, Viet Nam enjoys free trading relations with nearly 60 major countries and partners in the world as a result of its membership of 16 Free Trade Agreements (FTAs), some of which are in the final stage of negotiations. We have actively participated in the United Nations (UN), the Association of South East Asian Nations (ASEAN), the Asia-Europe Meeting (ASEM), the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC), and Mekong sub-regional mechanisms, among others. Most recently, Viet Nam successfully hosted the 2017 APEC Year, the 132th Inter-Parliamentary Union General Assembly, the 2018 World Economic Forum on ASEAN, the 6th Greater Mekong Sub-region Cooperation Summit, and will be assuming the ASEAN Chairmanship in 2020. Regarding the UN - the world’s largest international organization and the coordinator of international efforts to respond to global challenges, forty two years since becoming a member (1977 until now), Viet Nam has played its proactive and responsible role, making effective contributions to all fundamental pillars of the UN. Some milestones can be highlighted in many areas: As a member of the Chemical Weapons Convention (CWC) in 1998, Viet Nam was one of the first countries to sign the Comprehensive Nuclear-TestBan Treaty (CTBT) in 1996, joined the

Disarmament Conference (DC) as a member; involved in the preparations for major UN conferences, such as the Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT) Review Conference, the Conference on Illicit Trade in Small Arms, among others. The country was a signatory to many international treaties initiated by the UN and has successfully assumed its membership in many UN subsidiary organs, including the UN Security Council (UNSC; 2008-2009), the Human Rights Council (2014-2016) and the UN Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC; 2016-2018). Since 2014, Viet Nam has sent its officers to UN peacekeeping missions in Africa and deployed level-two field hospitals in South Sudan. With high sense of responsibility for the UN reforms, we have been one of pilot countries to implement the “One UN” model, successful lessons of which were subsequently applied in many other countries. Viet Nam has been also referred to as a typical example of efficiently using development assistance, and as a leading country in achieving the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) and now the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). In a practical effort to contribute to sustainable peace and security, since 2009, Viet Nam has presented its candidature for non-permanent membership of the UNSC for the term 2020-2021. At the plenary session of the UN General Assembly on 7 June 2019 in New York, together with 4 other countries (namely Estonia, Niger, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines and Tunisia), Viet Nam was elected a non-permanent member of the UNSC for the term 2020-2021 with 192 concurring votes out of the 193 member countries and territories of the UN. The result represented a record, with the landslide one of the largest in the history of the Organization.

Vietnam’s upcoming term in the UNSC will be the second after its successful one in the Council in 2008-2009, during which the country’s contributions and performance of the duties have been widely recognised and appreciated. This important milestone reflects the international community’s confidence in Vietnam’s growing stature and capabilities to contribute to multilateral affairs. With the keynote message “Partnership for Sustainable Peace”, Vietnam’s priorities during the forthcoming term in the UNSC will be: 1 Conflict prevention, preventive diplomacy, peaceful settlement of disputes and the strengthened implementation of Chapter VI of the Charter; 2 Improving the methods of work of the UNSC; enhancing engagement with regional arrangements in the maintenance of international peace and security, in accordance with Chapter VIII of the Charter; 3 Protection of civilians and critical civilian infrastructure in armed conflict; 4 Women, peace and security and children and armed conflict; 5 Addressing the aftermaths of armed conflicts, including threats to civilian populations posed by landmines and explosive remnants of war; 6 UN peacekeeping operations; 7 Impact of climate change on peace and security. We look forward to working constructively with all countries and partners to achieve the goals, mandates and duties of the UN in general and the UNSC in particular, thereby contributing to common endeavours of the mankind towards a world of peace, security and development.

diplomatAMBASSADORIAL

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cuba INTERNATIONAL PUBLIC OPINION DESERVES TO KNOW THE TRUTH By H.E. Ms. Soraya Alvarez, Ambassador of Cuba to the Kingdom of the Netherlands. Photography: Kim Vermaat.

The Embassy of the Republic of Cuba in the Kingdom of The Netherlands refers to measures announced last April 17th by the current US Administration which reflect the progressive and declared the intention to deteriorate bilateral relations and tight its unilateral and illegal sanctions against Cuba. The measures are aimed at further reducing the very limited trade exchange between Cuba and the USA and specifically attack the Cuban financial sector. There is an extremely extraterritorial persecution in place, intended to hinder third-country entities and business persons, threatening them with legal reprisals or the denial of visas to enter the United States, for them and their relatives if they exercise the legitimate right to engage in trade and investment relations with Cuba. These measures are the full implementation of the Helms-Burton Act. The measures also seek to limit the links of Cubans who reside in the United States with their country of origin and curtail as much as possible people to people contact between citizens of the two countries. They restrict remittances and the possibilities for US citizens to travel to Cuba.

In 1996, Cuba adopted a law which among other precepts declares the Helms-Burton Act illegitimate, and assures protection for foreign business persons and investors. Cuba expresses its willingness to legally and politically protect the interests of companies, entities and individuals from any country which maintain legitimate trade and investment relations with Cuba. The actions and measures announced will undoubtedly have an effect on the Cuban economy, on the development prospects for the country and the populationâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s standards of living. However, they will not prevent Cubaâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s steady progress towards a more just, prosperous and sustainable society. Neither will they force any political concession, nor will they in any way, shape or form bend the unflinching will of the Cubans to defend their national sovereignty in face of the aggressive conduct of the United States. The economic blockade in its entirety and the Helms-Burton Act in particular, have been rejected and demanded its end every year by the overwhelming majority of the United Nations Member States as well as by the international community in multiple international and regional fora.

Cuban Salsa Workshop Photography: M. De Lara.

The Embassy of Cuba together with the Diplomat Magazine organized a three-days class of salsa by the Cuban dancer Rafael Cala. Many diplomats attended and in between mojitos, managed to replicate the movements, following the Cuban rhythm with joy. In the end H.E. Ms Soraya Alvarez Nunez, the Ambassador of Cuba, gave to each one a certificate of accomplishment.

The Embassy of the Republic of Cuba vigorously and categorically condemns the hostile escalation of the United States government policy against the island which expand the economic, commercial and financial blockade applied against Cuba for the past sixty years. It clearly express disrespect for International Law, well known practices that rule international relations as well as for the norms and principles of the United Nations Charter.

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diplomatAMBASSADORIAL

WINES OF...

portugal

By Rosa Batoréu, Ambassador of the Republic of Portugal to The Kingdom of the Netherlands.

wine producing region in volume terms. The Tejo region is lying on both sides of the River Tagus and was formerly called Ribatejo (meaning on the banks of the Tagus). The region is known for good, everyday drinking wines in a range of styles from a wide range of permitted grapes.Lying across the mouth of the Tagus river, Península de Setúbal is a largely flat, sandy region with the exception of the Serra da Arrábida, a short chain of mountains with clay and limestone soils.

I could not agree more with the well known wine journalist Rui Falcão when he says that “variety is the keyword when you’re talking about Portuguese wine.’’ Indeed, been a relatively small country (mainland 218 km wide and 561 km long), yet diverse, Portugal offers a stunning variety of terroirs, grape varieties and blends. While many top winemaking countries specialize in a handful of grape varieties, relying on standard, international options, Portugal is home to over 250 indigenous varieties, offering unique opportunities for those looking for a change. Portugal has been undergoing something of a quiet revolution over the last twenty years or so and the exports demonstrate the sector’s dynamism having registered last year a growth of 3% by value, achieving a sum of €803.335 million. The reluctance to follow trends and plant international grapes is now paying dividends and the new breed of full-blooded, fruit-filled wines are more than able to compete on the world stage. The distinctive flavors that are the hallmark of Portugal’s indigenous grape varieties have become its trump card. From Touriga Nacional to Baga, from Arinto and Antão Vaz to Castelão and Trincadeira, there are endless possibilities of Portuguese wine styles. No longer is the production of unfortified wines seen as a distraction from the ‘real business’ of making Port Portuguese wine is the result of traditions introduced to the region by ancient civilizations, such as the Phoenicians, Carthaginians, Greeks, and mostly the Romans. In 1756 the Marquis of Pombal (Marquês de Pombal) established the limits of the Douro region, creating the world’s first officially demarcated wine region, today one of the two wine-producing regions protected by UNESCO as World Heritage. The other one is located in the Pico Island, the second largest in the Azores archipelago.

Portugal has 2.200 square kilometers of vineyards, divided by 14 large wine regions. Among others, Portugal’s verdant North West, is home to Vinho Verde the light, traditionally delicately spritzy wine, where the Alvarinho grape is king and a base to many blends. The Douro, one of the most beautiful wine regions in the world, has quickly emerged leading the way as the country’s premium wine region and there is a real pioneering spirit amongst the winemakers. Dão, just south of the Douro, on granite slopes protected by high mountains and pine forests, produces one of Portugal’s better-known reds of the same name. The last twenty years have seen a sea of change in the wines of this region too. Bairrada (barro is Portuguese for clay), located between the mountains and the coast, on fertile clay soils, better known for red wines, is one of the only wine regions in Portugal to be dominated by a single grape variety, the baga. Lisboa, a large, coastal region that runs north from Lisbon city, where onshore breezes from the Atlantic help cool the vineyards and maintain the fresh acidity and aroma is home to mostly white wines. This is Portugal’s largest

The Alentejo province stretches south from the Tagus to the Algarve and east to the border with Spain and covers almost a third of continental Portugal. The vineyard area is divided into seven diverse sub-regions and the undulating hills are home not only to vines, but to olives, cork oaks, wheat and sheep. Despite the challenging climate here (summer temperatures regularly reach 35°C), this is a dynamic region, referred to sometimes as Portugal’s ‘New World’. The country also offers excellent opportunities for wine tourism, often associated with rural tourism and boutique hotels in prime locations. Besides the wines, you can also enjoy other farm-produced products, such as fruits and jams, cheeses, olive oils, traditional sweets and the local cuisine itself. Despite their often rustic appearance, don’t be mistaken, because these are modern hotels with wineries and cellars that have invested in advanced technology, some designed by internationally renowned architects. The Douro and Alentejo regions are where you will find the largest number of places dedicated to wine tourism, but there are wine production units receiving visitors all over the country, including the Algarve. To fully get to know the vineyards, the wineries and taste the wines, why not stay overnight and explore the surrounding area too? Bem-vindo a Portugal! Rosa Batoréu

diplomatAMBASSADORIAL

Kazakhstan HEADS TOWARDS HISTORIC PRESIDENTIAL ELECTIONS By Guido Lanfranchi. Photography: The Embassy of Kazakhstan.

Ahead of the historic 2019 presidential election in Kazakhstan, H.E. Magzhan Ilyassov, Ambassador of Kazakhstan to the Netherlands, commented on his country’s political transition. Praising the pacific and constitutional nature of such transition, the Ambassador hailed at the developments in Kazakhstan as a success story in Central Asia. On March 19th, 2019, then-President Nursultan Nazarbayev caught many by surprise when he announced that, after thirty years spent as Kazakhstan’s leader, he would resign from the position of President of the Republic. Mr. Nazarbayev’s resignation kick-started a political transition in the country, with the Senate’s Chairman and former Prime Minister Kassym-Jomart Tokayev temporarily taking over the Presidency. Less than a month later, President Tokayev decided to call for anticipated presidential election, pointing at the need to eliminate any political uncertainty on the country’s future. This historic presidential election, to be held on June 9th, will therefore be the first election in the country’s history that will not feature Mr. Nazarbayev as a candidate. Less than three weeks ahead of the polls, H.E. Magzhan Ilyassov, Ambassador of Kazakhstan to the Kingdom of the Netherlands, commented on the political transition ongoing in his country. Mr. Ilyassov hailed at “the first constitutional, peaceful transfer of power in Central Asia”. In a region where power transfers often take place either after turmoil or with the death of political leaders, Kazakhstan has positively distinguished itself – the Ambassador noted, stressing that Mr. Nazarbayev’s resignation has been handled in accordance to the country’s constitution,

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which stipulates that, in case of the President’s resignation, the interim Presidency shall be assigned to the Senate’s Chairman. Moreover, Ambassador Ilyassov praised President Tokayev’s decision of calling for early elections, stressing the President’s spontaneous openness towards an open, democratic electoral process. The election will feature the presence of seven candidates, offering to the voters a range of options in terms of different political orientations – the Ambassador noted. Interim President Tokayev will be among the candidates, and for the first time in the country’s history a woman, Nadia Yespayeva, will also run for the Presidency. Ambassador Ilyassov also clarified that, while Kazakh citizens will be free to cast their ballot as they wish, the government will strongly encourage all citizens, and especially the younger generations, to go to the polling stations on June 9th, in order to decide their country’s future. With the aim of ensuring a level playing field, all candidates are being granted similar access to media and advertisement during the campaign – Ambassador Ilyassov stressed. Moreover, around 700 observers will be deployed across the country in order to ensure that the historic elections will be held according to the due standards. Around half of these observers are expected to come from a wide range of international organizations, including the Organization of Islamic Countries (OIC), the Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO), as well as the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE). In particular, Ambassador Ilyassov praised the close cooperation between the Kazakh government and the OSCE. He noted that seventy percent of the recommendations issued by the OSCE electoral mission during the last elections have been implemented by the government. While explaining that the remaining thirty percent could not be implemented due to clashes with Kazakhstan’s

constitution, the Ambassador voiced his country’s willingness to continue its close cooperation with the OSCE, whose SecretaryGeneral is expected to visit Kazakhstan on the occasion of the election. The Ambassador also welcomed the strong interest expressed by international media platforms in covering Kazakhstan’s elections, announcing that around 50 agencies have already been applying for accreditation. Ambassador Ilyassov also reassured the international community about Kazakhstan’s commitment to its international agreements and obligations, both at a multilateral and a bilateral level. Regardless of the election’s outcome – he announced – Kazakhstan will continue to pursue its “multi-vectoral, peaceful foreign policy”, including in its relations with neighboring countries in Central Asia. In particular, the Ambassador stressed Kazakhstan’s will to engage in deeper economic cooperation with its neighbors, welcoming the recent surge in Kazakh-Uzbek trade and the establishment of the International Center for Trade and Economic Cooperation at the border between the two countries. Haling at Kazakhstan’s progress on both the economic and political fronts, Ambassador Ilyassov expressed his government’s hope that the country will become a good example for the whole Central Asian region. As the whole country prepares for a historic election, other countries across the world stand ready to observe how Kazakhstan’s political transition will unfold in the upcoming months and years.

diplomatAMBASSADORIAL

Tanzania

TANZANIAN SOUTHERN HIGHLANDS: WONDERFULLY EXQUISITE LOCATION

“VISIT AFRICA’S LARGEST AND OLDEST GAME RESERVE” By H.E. Ms. Irene Florence Mkwawa Kasyanju, Ambassador of Tanzania. Photography: the Embassy of Tanzania in The Hague. Tanzania has a vast beautiful landscape that can be used for various economic both agriculture as well as tourism. Tanzania is abundantly blessed with natural resources like minerals such as gold, diamonds, tanzanite and natural gas, to mention but a few, also and much to our delight and appreciation, water ways such as rivers, lakes and a boarder with the Indian Ocean. It has wealth in wildlife, forestry and agriculture, which have a wonderful potential for growth and development. Tanzania is known as the land of the Kilimanjaro- Africa’s rooftop mountain peak, the land of the Serengeti- home to the greatest wildlife display of the great migration of wildebeest and zebra and of course, the land of Zanzibar.

Despite these popular and flag bearing locations defining Tanzania’s tourism on the international arena, there are other less known but equally amazing tourist attractions in the Southern Highlands. The Southern Highlands refer to the region surrounding the provinces of Iringa, Njombe, Mpanda, Mbeya, Rukwa and Ruvuma. It is bordered internally by Kigoma, Tabora, Singida, Dodoma, Morogoro, Lindi and Mtwara and externally by the countries of Malawi, Mozambique and Zambia.

What the Mikumi National Park and Udzungwa Mountains lack in size, they make up with in what they have to offer. The Mikumi National park is a serene environment which makes for an ideal private escape option away from the hustle and bustle of city life. While the Udzungwa Mountains are a perfect place for those who like to hike and discover the land at a personal level.

Southern Tanzania is vast and has two large parks and smaller parks that together make up a beautiful ecosystem that makes for a wonderful tourist destination.

The Southern Highlands are also home to the Mount Rungwe Nature Forest Reserve, which is a tropical forest with exceptional species composition, structure and biodiversity.

The large parks; Selous Game Reserve and Ruaha National Park attract thousands of visitors each year.

Mount Rungwe Nature Forest Reserve is located in the Rungwe district, Mbeya region, Southwest Tanzania which is approximately 80kms from the Songwe International Airport. The airport is yet to receive international flights so passengers have to fly in from Dar es Salaam which offers frequent flights to and from as well as being easily accessible by road.

The Selous Game Reserve is Africa’s largest and oldest game reserve and one of favourite game viewing areas in Africa. The reserve covers over 50,000 square kilometres and is relatively undisturbed by human impact making it absolutely a picturesque wildlife destination. Due to having both dry and wetlands, it is inhabited by both hippos, crocodiles, as well as lions, elephants, giraffes and leopards. Whether you opt to discover the land by walking, using a boat or by flying, you will not be disappointed by the discovery of nature at its best. The Ruaha National Park is another fantastic tourism option. Located in the west of Iringa region, with its size of 20,226 square kilometres, is the largest national park in Tanzania and East Africa. This vastness means that there is plenty to see with large predators, antelopes and elephants all as plentiful options. It has two smaller parks as well, the Udzungwa Mountains and Mikumi National Park, but these receive a fraction of the visitors that their counterparts in the North do and offer untouched wilderness and an exciting safari experience.

As if that was not enough, the Southern Highlands also host other smaller yet equally as beautiful parks.

The area holds Mount Rungwe, which offers exceptional scenery of Rungwe Peak where Poroto Ridge, Mbeya Peak, Loleza Peak and areas stretching down into Malawi, can all be viewed. This makes for a wonderfully exquisite location for those who like to hike and explore the land. The Rift Valley Meeting point, God’s Bridge, Kitulo National Park and Kapologwe waterfalls are equally of much interest. All these options display the fact that Tanzania and particularly in the Southern Highlands, is truly blessed with a host of wonderful destinations.

WHATEVER YOU ARE LOOKING FOR, I WELCOME YOU TO TANZANIA FOR AN UNFORGETTABLE EXPERIENCE.

diplomatAMBASSADORIAL

federal republic of germany

“SAARLORLUX” AS A LABORATORY FOR THE EUROPEAN UNION By H.E. Dr. Heinrich Kreft, Ambassador of the Federal Republic of Germany to the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg.

“SaarLorLux” also called the “Greater Region”, consisting of the sovereign state of Luxembourg; Belgium’s Walloon region, comprising the French and German speaking parts of Belgium; Lorraine, a region of France; the French départements Moselle and Meurthe-et- Moselle; and the German federal states of Saarland and Rhineland-Palatinate is the EU’s area with the highest cross-border mobility. More than 240.000 people cross the national borders of Luxembourg, Germany, France and Belgium every day. The close bonds between today’s border regions share a history of more than 2000 years: as early as in the Roman era, a ferry connected the Luxembourgish Wasserbillig with the German Oberbillig. Today’s Greater Region has gradually evolved from the European Border Region SaarLorLux comprising the Saarland, Lorraine and Luxembourg. Coined in the late 1960s by Dr. Hubertus Rolshoven, founding president of the Institut Régional Intracommunautaire, SaarLorLux was formally founded in 1980. The EU acknowledges the region’s role as nucleus of European integration by supporting the euroregion’s activities within the framework of the INTERREG-programme. Nowadays, boundary-crossing cooperation of public administrations and institutions exists in a wide range of areas. Multilingualism – Luxembourgers speak at least the national language Luxembourgish and the two official languages German and French – is not only the key to transnational collaboration but also to the emergence of a cultural life irrespective of national borders. DIPLOMAT MAGAZINE #10

Being the first of its type in Europe, the cross-border cultural portal plurio.net was created in 2006 in order to promote transfrontier cultural activities. Under the motto “crossing borders together”, 2007 marked the year where the title “European Capital of Culture” wasn’t attributed to a city alone but to an entire region; the Greater Region – another first in the history of Europe. Beyond that, infrastructure constitutes a further area of transnational cooperation – in large or small. In large, the town partnership between Luxemburg, Saarbrücken, Trier and Metz, QuattroPole, connects four cities in three countries and promotes the formulation of innovative shared strategic policies. Moreover, during its presidency of the summit of the Greater Region, Luxembourg developed a transboundary mobility strategy with a view to facilitating the use of public transportation in the border areas. In small, the Sankta Maria II, today’s ferry connection between Wasserbillig and Oberbillig, allows to save 14.000 liters of diesel fuel by connecting Luxembourg and Germany electrically. As German Ambassador to Luxembourg I am seeing the benefits of an enhanced cooperation beyond national borders in my daily life. The emergence of SaarLorLux and its evolution into today’s Greater Region is not only a prime example of transfrontier cooperation, but can – in view of its historic development and the added value it generates for its population – also be seen as laboratory for the European Union. The EU is – and not only in Europe – perceived as the guarantor for more than seventy years of peace, freedom and prosperity for its members.

diplomatIC EVENTS

Photo Exhibition at the Atrium City Hall of The Hague Photography: The Embassy of Switzerland.

The Swiss Embassy in the Netherlands presented Life of Mine, a photo exhibition curated by the Geneva International Centre for Humanitarian Demining (GICHD) to mark the International Day of Mine Awareness at the Atrium of the City Hall of The Hague. A series of photographs by Johannes Müller showed to hundreds of visitors the manifold impact that the explosive remnants of war have on communities, shedding light on the people whose lives have been impacted by explosive hazards and those who dedicate their lives to eliminating them. “For almost 10 years I have been covering conflict areas, war zones and combat theaters as a freelance photographer, working on documentaries on some of the most gruesome, brutal and inhumane conflicts of our time.”, explained Johannes Müller. The exhibit with the main purpose of giving mine action a human face, ran from April 9 to 30 at the Atrium Den Haag (The Hague’s City Hall). Life-sized portrait photos allow viewers to truly “encounter” the subjects via their stories, at a very emotional and human level and provides a deep, empathygenerating insight into mine action. The images were taken in Bosnia-Herzegovina, Lebanon and Colombia. Switzerland is fully committed to a world without new victims of mines, cluster munitions, and explosive remnants of war, and is a founding member of the GICHD.

EU citizens hold it in their hands by voting for pro-European parties at the European Elections between May 23-26 that this success story can continue!

meettheambassador

Kuwait RENEWS ITS EUROPEAN PRESENCE Photography: Kim Vermaat.

H.E. Abdul-Rahman Al-Otaibi, Ambassador of Kuwait to the Kingdom of the Netherlands, talked about Dutch-Kuwaiti relations and his experience as Ambassador, during an exclusive conversation with Diplomat Magazine at the historical Hotel Des Indes in The Hague.

“Balance and stability are our focus; high quality education is our goal to build a new generation of Kuwaitis.”

such as gender equality, as shown by women’s freedom to cover their head or not. Moreover, Kuwait’s new Minister of Economic Affairs is a woman, who previously was also Minister of Social Affairs, Minister of Economic Affairs and Minister of Education.

YOUR EXCELLENCY, HOW DO YOU SEE THE ROLE OF KUWAIT IN THE MIDDLE EAST IN THE UPCOMING YEARS?

A NEW CHAPTER IN YOUR LIFE AND YOUR CAREER IS UNFOLDING HERE IN THE NETHERLANDS. WHAT ARE YOUR THOUGHTS ABOUT THIS EXPERIENCE?

Kuwait wants to open a new chapter with neighboring countries, promoting prosperity and peace in the region, helping other countries to meet each other, and opening productive dialogues. When our neighbors prosper, we prosper as well; when our neighbors are in peace, this will also impact Kuwait in a positive way. Peace and prosperity are extremely important for all, even if at the same time we do not want interference in the region. In the region, Kuwait is part of the coalition against ISIS. This group is far away from Islamic rules and principles, and its main objectives are the destruction of national culture and the spreading of terror. This is the reason why we are part of the Coalition: to avoid that the group can expand its presence. Our leader, His Highness the Emir of Kuwait Sheikh Al Amal al Jaber Al-Sabah has been Minister of Foreign Affairs for 40 years, and he has been the Emir of Kuwait for 13 years. With his experience and wisdom, he is trying as much as he can to solve the disputes in the region, to mediate and to bring people to the negotiating table, avoiding escalations of any dispute.

WHAT IS THE CURRENT SITUATION DOMESTICALLY IN KUWAIT?

Kuwait is a democratic country, with our Constitution now turning 58 years old. Even since before the establishment of our Constitution, Kuwaitis have believed in values

I presented my credentials as Ambassador of Kuwait to His Majesty the King in last October. However, this is my second time serving in this country, as I have been Counsellor to the Netherlands from 1993 to 1998. Moreover, I also served as Ambassador to Yemen and Japan and as Deputy in Egypt to the Arab League, as well as in India. When I was informed that I would come to the Netherlands again, my family and I were very happy. We have lots of good memories of the Netherlands, including the birth of one of our sons, and we still have many friends here.

HOW ARE THE BILATERAL RELATIONS BETWEEN KUWAIT AND THE NETHERLANDS?

The Netherlands is an important partner for Kuwait. We maintain a solid cooperation in the economic sector, and we enjoy a positive balance of trade, mainly due to a refinery we used to have in Rotterdam, which has been sold two years ago. We also have established offices of Kuwait Petroleum here, as well as the Q8 brand, to sell gas directly to customers. Our first priority at the Embassy is to maintain our positive relationship with the Netherlands, but we also look for opportunities to improve this relation. Such improvements could materialize, for instance, in the sectors of water management and agricultural business, as Kuwait faces problems of water scarcity and relies on desalinization plants.

Moreover, we are currently working on the organization of a Kuwaiti-Dutch Business Council, with the aim of regrouping our different sectors of the economy, as well as promoting business on both sides.

BESIDES ECONOMIC COOPERATION, WHICH ARE THE MAIN AREAS IN WHICH YOU WANT TO STRENGTHEN COOPERATION BETWEEN YOUR COUNTRY AND THE NETHERLANDS?

Currently, the government of Kuwait is increasing its focus on education. We are increasing the National Funds and we are investing abroad in human resources, in order to build the next generations with the best possible educational background. The Kuwaiti government also pays for higher education abroad, including in the United States, the United Kingdom, and the Netherlands. Many young Kuwaitis, for instance, come to Maastricht University and Leiden University to pursue their studies. Moreover, our ambition is to foster a wide cultural cooperation among Kuwait and the Netherlands. English is a common language in both countries. Moreover, concerning cultural cooperation, Kuwait has a great collection of Islamic art. Some of these pieces have already been sent to Europe and Central Asia for exhibition, and so we are looking to foster cooperation in this sector by opening an Islamic art exhibition Center in the Netherlands. In addition to that, the Kuwait Art Committee will also be opened, in order to organize exhibitions and to show our culture to the world, for instance through museums, cultural centers, and musical shows. We hope that art and cultural initiatives will increase our people to people exchange, enabling citizens of both states to learn from each other.

meettheambassador MADE POSSIBLE BY HOTEL DES INDES

URUGUAY

Hotel des Indes is an emblematic historic hotel in The Hague, symbol of Dutch beauty, tradition and class, charm and character, elegance and grandeur with more than 132 years of credentials: www.hoteldesindes.nl

VIEWS AND VISIONS Photography: Kim Vermaat.

H.E. Ambassador Laura Dupuy Lasserre is the Ambassador of the Oriental Republic of Uruguay to the Kingdom of the Netherlands. After graduating in International Relations and pursuing three years of legal studies at the Universidad de la República Oriental del Uruguay, Ambassador Dupuy Lasserre pursued the diplomatic career. In her high-profile career, she was President of the United Nations Human Rights Council in 2011-12, being the first woman to chair it, on behalf of GRULAC; while being Uruguay’s Permanent Representative to the UN in Geneva (2009-2014). During a lunch at the emblematic Hotel Des Indes in The Hague, Ambassador Dupuy Lasserre discussed with Diplomat Magazine her views and vision for Uruguay and its relations with the Netherlands.

AMBASSADOR DUPUY, WHAT IS THE ROLE OF YOUR COUNTRY, URUGUAY, ON THE INTERNATIONAL SCENE?

Uruguay is a country traditionally committed to the multilateral system and the principles of the United Nations, including the support of peace and security, democracy, the rule of law, as well as respect of human rights and fundamental freedoms of all persons. Uruguay has a long history as an active member of the international community, since even before the founding of the UN. The country has always been committed to promoting the establishment of international rules, the respect of international law, and the peaceful settlement of disputes.

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Uruguay has played a relevant role in this regard since the beginning of the 20th century, as shown by the many proposal put forward in terms of resolution of interstate disputes, genocide, and monitoring of human rights violations. Moreover, the country has been active on the death penalty (which was abolished by Uruguay in 1906, the first state doing so), as well as on the promotion of equal rights and obligations for men and women in the UN framework.

WHILE URUGUAY PROMOTES PEACE AND HUMAN RIGHTS IN THE INTERNATIONAL SCENE, WHAT IS THE SITUATION INSIDE THE COUNTRY?

In the domestic sphere too, the human rights perspective permeates every national policy or legislation. For instance, Uruguay, by popular initiative, changed its Constitution in 2004 to guarantee the access to fresh water and sanitation as a human right, and in 2010 it has supported similar efforts at the UN level. Similarly, concerning the issue of migration, Uruguay is not only a Party to the UN Convention, but it has also had open policies. This is natural given the important migratory flows that the country received over the last centuries, especially from Europe. These migratory flows have brought to the country cultural diversity and richness to the country: look for instance at tango, a mix of European, local, and afro rhythms.

HOW DO YOU SEE THE RELATIONS BETWEEN URUGUAY AND THE NETHERLANDS IN THEIR CURRENT STATE? WHAT ARE THE PROSPECTS FOR DEVELOPMENT DURING YOUR TENURE AS AMBASSADOR?

Uruguay and the Netherlands have historically enjoyed good diplomatic relations, and since 2018 the Netherlands has even become our

first trade partner in Europe with respect to exports. Moreover, the two countries have striking similarities, such as concerning the importance of agricultural exports and the exposure to climate change. Therefore, on the one hand Uruguay can learn a lot from the Dutch experience, for instance in agribusiness value chains, as well as in the coordination between the public, private, and academic sectors in a number of different fields. On the other hand, Uruguay can share its experience in other fields, such as for instance energy transition (nowadays, renewable sources cover more than 98% of Uruguay’s electricity), tobacco control, UN Peace Operations, as well as digital government, connectivity, and social inclusion.

WHAT IS THE ROLE FOR URUGUAY IN THE MULTILATERAL INSTITUTIONS THAT ARE HEADQUARTERED HERE IN THE HAGUE?

Historically, Uruguay has contributed to the International Court of Justice through the legacy of Professor Eduardo Jiménez de Aréchaga, first judge and then President of the ICJ. Our will is to contribute in a similar way to the important work of the International Criminal Court and other bodies such as the Permanent Court of Arbitration, with which Uruguay has recently signed a MoU. Moreover, the country remains fully commitment to promote disarmament and chemical safety, for instance through the Organization for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons, as well as to foster the teaching and the respect of International Law and International Private Law.

diplomatICSpouses

“I believe that every child can learn. Some students are late bloomers: if you shut them early in life, you are not giving them a chance.”

Dr. Saroj Thapa

By Guido Lanfranchi. Photography: Kim Vermaat.

Dr. Saroj Thapa spent her whole life in the area of school education, forming teachers and promoting inclusivity in education all over the world. As of today, she continues to fight for a good education for all, because “every child can learn”.

... a life for education Teacher education, classroom teaching, special needs education, inclusion: these are the core issues that have been at the center of Dr. Saroj Thapa’s life for the last three decades. Her long-lasting interest in the area of school education led her to build a solid academic background in this field, as well as a vast professional experience, gathered in several countries across the world, including India, the United Arab Emirates, Switzerland, China, and the United States. Dr. Thapa started her academic career by pursuing her undergraduate and graduate degrees in the field of History. After gaining experience as lecturer in college and as homeroom teacher, she decided to focus her attention on the complex issue of special needs education. She thus pursued a post-graduate study in Education for the physically and neurologically handicapped at the School of Rehabilitation Sciences in New Delhi, India. A firm believer in disability rights, Dr. Thapa has been active in the NGO sector for several decades. She is the founder and the first president of a first-of-its-kind civil society

initiative in Dubai, supporting persons with disability, their families, and professionals/ volunteers in the field. Moreover, she actively lobbied for the passage of the Bill on Equal Rights and Opportunities for Persons with Disabilities, which got passed by the Indian Parliament in December 1995. In the following years, Dr. Thapa gained further professional experience in the field of special needs education in New Delhi, Geneva, Beijing, and Washington DC. Such experience included two collaborations as consultant with both the World Health Organization and UNICEF, during which she focused on early childhood education and special education needs. In 2007, Dr. Thapa moved again to the academic world, pursuing a Ph.D. in Special Education at the University of Geneva, Switzerland, and then gaining a position as Assistant Professor at Zayed University in Dubai, UAE, where she taught several courses on instructional strategies and special needs education.

For the last decade, the focus of Dr. Thapa’s work has then been teacher education and professional development, for both pre-service and in-service teachers. She has been engaged in research and designing of programmes for professional development of teachers from acres India, the UAE and Bhutan. Moreover, she has also had active involvement in designing curricula, as well as in building systems and processes for holistic development of school communities. During this time, Dr. Thapa worked as a consultant for different organizations. For instance, she assisted the Indian NGO AARTH-ASTHA to facilitate the inclusion of children with special needs from the slums of New Delhi, and for the last few years she has been acting as Senior Education Consultant for Pallavan Learning Systems, contributing to the organization’s work in forming teachers from different countries. Moreover, for five years Dr. Thapa also held the position of Head of Teacher Development at Universal Learn Today in New Delhi, always with a focus on teacher formation.

next generation diplomats Having worked with students, teachers and school leaders in many different settings and across many different countries, cultures and education systems, Dr. Thapa has acquired a 360 degrees view of school education and its challenges. As a result, she can bring a unique perspective to the field of school education, contributing to the complex task of finding contextualized solutions to educational challenges. Currently, Dr. Thapa continues to work with Pallavan Learning Systems. In addition to that, she is member of the General Council of the Rehabilitation Council of India, the apex government body set up to regulate training programmes and courses targeted at persons with disability, as well as those facing any disadvantage of requiring special education in their communities. Moreover, she is also in the Board of Governors of a school in the UAE, where she is the Governor for Inclusion. In addition to that, she is member of the Association for Supervision and Curriculum Development, USA, as well as of the International Association of Scientific Studies in Intellectual Disabilities. Besides her professional activities, Dr. Thapa provides pro-bono consultancy for the families of children with disability, and she actively supports NGOS, academic institutions, researchers and individuals working in the disability sector, with a specific focus on education. As Dr. Thapa puts it: “I believe that every child can learn. Some students are late bloomers: if you shut them early in life, you are not giving them a chance.” Dr. Thapa works to give this chance to everyone.

Marianne Garneau:

The second generation of diplomats in The Hague By Aurore Heugas. Photography: Naldo Peverelli.

2016. Caroline Bolduc, Canadian diplomat, moved along with her family to The Hague. Marianne Garneau, her 10 year old daughter, was discovering a brand new country, a new culture and a new passion along the way. Sports has always been a way to unite people from around the world. As it turns out, it was also the way Marianne Garneau, 13 year old daughter of diplomat Caroline Bolduc, adapted to this new environment in The Netherlands. Originally from Ottawa, raised in an international environment, being the daughter of a diplomat allowed Marianne to be open to new people, a new culture, and a new passion. “My very first experience with running, was probably doing the ‘Santa run’ in Ireland, where I had to run in a Santa beard and hat. I only started being more serious about it once I arrived in The Hague. I started doing track and field and cross country at my school about three years ago, and have continued ever since”. The American school of The Hague is where Marianne trains, with both the track and field and cross country teams. She has accumulated quite a few medals, arrived in the top 10 of all American schools in Europe in 2017 and represented her school

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in the NECIS competition in Denmark in May 2018. More than being athletic accomplishments, running gave her a hobby, an activity to focus on when arriving in a foreign country, along with new friends and teammates. One of Marianne’s biggest running accomplishment happened last year, during the Diplomat Fun Run, a 5K organised by the Diplomat Magazine for the diplomatic community in The Hague. Marianne was 12 years old, running a 5K for the first time, yet she shone even amongst adults. What advice would Marianne give to people her age moving to a different country? “At first you have to be prepared to the fact that it’s going to be hard to adapt. But once you’re actually there, try and immerse yourself in different activities after school for example, like running or kickboxing. During summer, go to camp. It can change the way you see a lot of things and help you make friends.” Being part of the second generation of diplomats in The Hague, can be challenging, “I had to leave my friends a few times, and learn to make new ones”, but rewarding, because it allows young students to learn about other cultures, learn a different language and discover new skills they didn’t know about. Marianne is part of a small community in The Hague that has the privilege to travel, and often accomplish great things in the future. Pictures Fun Run 2018: 1 Caroline Bolduc and Marianne Garneau. 2 Marianne with Diplomats participating.

diplomat Magazine events

3rd Annual Fun Run Winners By Catherine van der Loos. Photography: Kim Vermaat & Catherine van Der Loos.

In June 22, Diplomat Magazine’s third annual 5k Fun-Run and 3k Diplomat Walk took place in the Haagse Bos—one of the two oldest forests in the Netherlands. The 5k run commenced in front of the Chalet Ten Bosch, a local landmark located next to the Louwman Auto Museum. Diplomats, and their families, easily traversed the well-marked shaded route through the city’s unique urban greenspace and around the large pond in the center of the forest. Walkers diplomats, some with small children, also turned out in large numbers. In keeping with the friendly spirit of the day’s diplomatic program, everyone was awarded an official “Diplomat Magazine” medal and went home as a winner!

Sumira Dixit, Canada; Matanja Perugini, Italy and Anne Coulon, France, were the top three runners in the women’s category. From the first to the fifth, the top runners in the men’s category were Marcin Hubert Kawalowski, Poland; Bartomiei Swiderski, Poland; Mpendulo Ndlour, South Africa, Martin Pizinger, Czech Republic and Davide Colombo, Italy. In addition to the medal, the top seven winners also received special gifts provided by the Embassy of the Republic of Poland. The Chinese Ambassador, H.E. Mr. Hong Xu, joined the race, together with a select “team” of sporting diplomats from his embassy. The Ambassador of the Embassy of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam to the Netherlands, H.E. Ngo Thi Hoa, was also joined by other Vietnamese diplomats, together with their families. The occasion to meet, in an informal setting, with other members of the diplomatic community, was enjoyed by all. The Armenian Ambassador, H.E. Mr. Tigran Balayan; the Irish Ambassador, H.E. Mr. Kevin Kelly; the Israeli Ambassador, H.E. Mr. Aviv Shir-On; the Italian Ambassador; H.E. Mr. Andrea Perugini and the Moldovan Ambassador, H.E. Tatiana Parvu also participated in the program and were joined by diplomats from Croatia, Canada, Kosovo, Hungary, South Africa, Colombia, Russia, Bosnia & Herzegovina, and many others. The program concluded with a casual outdoor luncheon on the shaded terrace of Chalet Ten Bosch, beneath in the tall trees of the “Haagse Bos.”

Top: Anne Coulon, France, Matanja Perugini, Italy and Sumita Dixit, Canada; were the top three runners in the women’s category. Middle: Diplomats from China showing their medals after the 3rd Diplomats Fun-Run & Walk together with H.E. Hong Xu, Ambassador of China. Bottom: South Africa’s Team.

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PROTECTION AND SECURITY, THE DIPLOMATIC FRONT OFFICE By Frans Scholten and Edwin Verhage. Photography: Remco Kuiper.

In the ten years of its existence, the Police’s Diplomatic Front Office (DFO) Unit The Hague has proven its value as a central point of contact for the diplomatic corps and representatives of international organizations. The office has been able to develop itself as a crucial contact point and has provided advice and information on the services of The Hague’s Police in general, as well as on security related questions. The Diplomatic Front Office maintains contacts with representatives of the diplomatic corps and international organizations. The office’s employees can answer specific questions in the field of security, guarding and prevention, as well as a number of other issues. Besides acting as a liaison between the Police and the diplomatic community of The Hague, the office also maintains contacts with external partners such as the City Council, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, and the NCTV (National Coordinator on Counterterrorism and Security). The Diplomatic Front Office uses factual information to inform and advice the diplomatic offices and international organization in the field of security measures. In order to be able to operate in an optimal way, actors such as the Police, the embassies and the International Organizations must exchange information in an appropriate manner. The Diplomatic Front Office is based at the unit office of Burgemeester Patijnlaan, The Hague, and the department consists of four employees. DIPLOMAT MAGAZINE #10

Frans Scholten has been working at the DFO for about 8 years as a liaison officer. He began his career with the police in 1983, and since then he has held various positions in the fields of surveillance, crisis and conflict management. Edwin Verhage joined the police in 1981, working in the surveillance service. He then went on working at the DKDB and as a team leader in explosives exploration. He has been working at the DFO for 4 years as a liaison officer. Maurice Tholen begun his police career in 1999 with the Railway Police and later with the National Unit. He also worked as a team chief at the Department of Guard and Security and he is now a business supporter at DFO. Rita Vuurens joined the Guard and Security Department in 1995, and she held various monitoring functions there. Within DFO she is often the first point of contact for all external partners, and she also performs a number of administrative tasks.

DYNAMIC DIPLOMATIC SURVEILLANCE

The police has various option to guard a building. The most visible method of monitoring is the “monitoring container”. The advantage of this method lies in its 24-hours-a-day activity, but the disadvantage is that the observation from the monitoring container is limited. Another method is monitoring by means of Sharpened Driving supervision through an armored vehicle, with the building being monitored at least twice per hour. This method allows for a much broader observation of the environment, but the observation is not permanent. Such observation is nevertheless carried out 24 hours a day.

There is also the possibility of monitoring a building using cameras. On the desk of the Department of Guard and Security there is a monitoring center, where images are viewed 24/7. Through this method, there is always a good image of the space around the building, without any police being on the site. In addition to these monitoring measures, there is the Dynamic Diplomatic Surveillance (DDS). The purpose of this form of surveillance is to supervise dynamically and unpredictably all diplomatic buildings within the scope of The Hague’s unit. The DDS can also give extra attention to specific temporary activities of an embassy or an International Organization. The DDS is equipped with marked surveillance vehicles. These vehicles are different from the standard police cars as to their color and stripes, and they display the text “Dynamic Diplomatic Surveillance” underlining their special task. The concept of the DDS includes DDS patrol units 24 hours per day. The DDS has been integrated into the Police Central Control Room system, and it can be deployed whenever a situation demands so. In certain circumstances, urgent help is not necessary, for instance regarding the security of a diplomatic mission or an international organization. For emergencies, the alarm number is 112. The Diplomatic Front Office can be reached by telephone 24 hours a day. During office hours, one of the employees of the DFO will be present, while outside office hours the incoming call will be received by the operational commander of the Guard and Security Department. This person can also take first steps in case of urgent matters.

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GLOBAL WARNING WILL NOT WAIT FOR US TO ACT By Marcel Beukeboom. Photography: Imane Rachidi.

Marcel Beukeboom, Dutch International Representative for climate change, talked about the Dutch participation in the global fight against climate change, describing his efforts to reach out to countries all around the world in order to enhance cooperation in addressing this urgent challenge. International efforts to address climate change reached a peak with the Paris Climate Agreement signed in 2015 by 195 countries, with the aim of limiting the destructive effects of global warming for the world’s population. The Paris Agreement established a global action plan, to be reviewed every five years, that established clear objectives to be reached by each country. However, Mr. Beukeboom noted, “It is not enough to know the objectives. We need to work together to reach them, and especially with the bigger producers of CO2 emissions, who are unfortunately less active in implementing real changes. We should work without accusing other, but rather work

together to reach the result of reducing global temperatures of 2°C. Climate change and global warming will not wait for us to act.” Mr. Beukeboom travels all around the world meeting officials from governments willing to join the fight against global warming, sharing the Dutch experience, listening and learning about other countries’ policies, and attempting to consolidate shared views on the implementation of national plans of adaptation to climate change. In Europe, Mr. Beukeboom’s goal is “to convince governments to be more ambitious in their reduction of CO2 emissions, looking for innovative ways of reducing emissions. In the end, national reduction will lead to the expected results in the international arena.” In Asia, a continent where he travels frequently due to the visible effects of climate change in the region, “countries like India, that in the beginning were not enthusiastic, are in practice implementing enormous changes, notably concerning solar energy production. I also frequently visit China; we need to count on them if we wish to reach out goals. I may say that the position of some African countries obstructs the progress. Paradoxically, these countries are very much affected by drought,

but in fact are among those causing less CO2 emissions.” “I always try not to mention the term ‘guilt’, but rather work towards reaching consensus, compromise, and recognition of the responsibility of each country, going ahead by working together” – Mr. Beukeboom said. One of Mr. Beukeboom’s tasks is precisely to negotiate and to study plans to be presented to his international counterparts in 2020. Now – he said – plans are more concrete and clear for the common citizens, such in the cases of regulations on water, energy, transportation, consumption, diet and waste use. Very concrete measures that can be implemented by the governments looking for changes in the life of their own citizens.

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Ladies Ambassadors’ group meeting for International Women’s Day

A BENCH NAMED “LAW NOT WAR” A STORY OF BENJAMIN FERENCZ’S QUEST TO REPLACE THE “RULE OF FORCE WITH THE RULE OF LAW” By Dr. Nevenka Tromp, University of Amsterdam. Photography: Donald Ferencz. On a sunny day in May of 2019, a wooden bench overlooking the Peace Palace was officially presented to a small but distinguished audience. It was a present from Benjamin Ferencz, the last surviving prosecutor of the Nazi crimes to the city of The Hague. The donor, a vibrant 98 years old lawyer and activist, flew from the US, more precisely Florida, to be personally present at the event. Everything about the bench was carefully planned by its donor and a small creative team led by his son Donald Ferencz. The bench is made of wooden blocks, that resemble the form the bricks of the Peace Palace building. In the middle of it there are metal letters “LAW NOT WAR” The long bench curves elegantly on the street in front of the high iron fence, giving its users a beautiful view of the Peace Palace building. Its shape is such that people can sit on its both sides. Not far from the bench, at the first street corner, starts Benjamin Ferencz pad. Namely in May 2017 the city of The Hague honored, then 97 old Ferencz with a path named after him. The typical blue-and-white street board points invitingly towards the park that surrounds the Peace Palace building. Ferencz has been a fixture in The Hague vibrant international legal scene ever since the city profiled itself as a world capital of peace and justice in the early 1990s. He was for decades heavily involved in the lobbying efforts to create a permanent international criminal court and he greeted the affirmation of the Rome Statute in 1998 with the words DIPLOMAT MAGAZINE #10

that “an international criminal court - the missing link in the world legal order - is within our grasp.” Indeed, in 2002 the International Criminal Court (the ICC) was created. But Ferencz had yet another mission to fulfil. Along with his son Donald, and a group of distinguished scholars, lawyers and diplomats, he rallied vigorously and intensively to add to the ICC Statute – crime of aggression. And they succeed. As of July 2018, crime of aggression became the fourth crime – next to war crimes, crime against humanity, and genocide – under the ICC’s jurisdiction. Not insignificant for the story is the fact that this was a historical development in the international criminal justice given that it is first time since Nuremberg’s Nazi trials that an international tribunal has been enabled to prosecute crime of aggression. Ferenczstarted his legal career in 1947 in Nuremberg and at age 27 he became the youngest US prosecutor to prosecute the Nazi crimes. This extraordinary beginning of his professional life will mark Ferencz. The evidence he encountered in his work made him feel that he had peeked through he door of Inferno. After the war he moved to New York where he practiced law in a private firm until 1975, when he finished the book Defining International Aggression-The Search for World Peace.

Thursday 14th of March, the Ladies Ambassadors’ group in The Netherlands gathered at the Eric Jan Fransen Kookstudio. After International Women’s Day, it seemed like the perfect time for the President of the Dutch Senate, H.E. Ms. Ankie Broekers-Knol, to come have a discussion with about 20 other ambassadors, all women. “Every day should be International Women’s Day, but this seemed like a fitting time to welcome Ankie Broekers-Knol among us”, started H.E. Ms. Marithza Ruiz, Ambassador of Guatemala to The Netherlands and coordinator of the Ladies Ambassadors’ group in The Hague. “Seeing so many women Ambassadors in one country is not common, and should be celebrated”. For this annual meeting, a guest of exception came for a visit. Ankie Broekers-Knol, President of the Dutch Senate, was there to discuss with other powerful women. Talks revolved around current affairs, from Dutch politics and the approaching Senate elections, to Brexit, as well as International Women’s Day. This gathering took place at The Hague’s Kookstudio in Javastraat, offering an intimate atmosphere with dim chandelier and candle light along with a robust fireplace. More than a discussion, this gathering was the occasion for likeminded women to think of new ways to reach common goals. After about an hour and a half, the group took a break to take a picture together, showing a united front between the Women Ambassadors in The Netherlands. This photo is the demonstration of different cultures coming together and trying to help one another, in the spirit of global diplomacy and in the spirit of International Women’s Day.

More books followed and his ideas led to activism of which the creation of the ICC and inclusion of crime of aggression in the ICC statute are –are his most extraordinary achievements. Benjamin Ferencz showed us that law can change the way how people think and behave.

Photography: Kim Vermaat

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BROADER WELLBEING: LESSONS FROM THE GLOBAL SOUTH

By Dr. Dorine van Norren, Independent researcher Tilburg University. Photography: Imane Rachidi.

In May this year the Netherlands Central Bureau for Statistics brings out its Monitor Broader Wellbeing for the second time. No longer Gross National Product (GNP) is the sole leader of the wellbeing discussions. It is the outcome of the advice of the Parliamentary Commission on Broader Wellbeing. This Commission got its inspiration from the report commissioned by French President Sarkozy (Stiglitz et al. 2009), but above all from a small country in the Global South: Bhutan. This is where the Green Left Party got its idea for a call for Gross National Happiness as a measurement of the functioning of society (2010). The word Happiness leads to a lot of confusion (van Norren 2017). How do you measure happiness? Moreover, isn’t Bhutan ranked very low in the World Happiness Report? (Number 97 of 156 in 2018). A Japanese researcher told me that the way happiness (subjective wellbeing) is measured in international rankings is misleading. A Buddhist is more likely to fill in a score of 5 as ideal (median between 0 and 10), a Westener judges this score to be insufficient.

In Buddhism happiness has a different connotation that in the West. It is about balance and harmony. In the first place, inner harmony, then a harmonious society and finally harmony with nature. The term Gross National Harmony would be a better translation of the policies of the Bhutanese government, which are based on four pillars: culture as the basis of your identity, social and economic progress, good governance and harmony with nature. Bhutan uses an index that is composed of nine domains with unusual indicators such as: the balance between work and sleep; community vitality (for example the time and money people donate); psychological wellbeing (such as positive and negative emotions); and culture (such as the degree of cultural participation). Not only Bhutan (and other countries in Asia such as Thailand) is active on different concepts of wellbeing. In Latin America countries like Ecuador and Bolivia are clamoring for harmony with nature and respect of Mother Earth. These countries decided to include Buen Vivir (Good Living) in their constitutions. This is based on indigenous wisdom and a bio-centric worldview. Human beings are not above creation, but all living beings are equal. The regenerative principles of Mother Earth would have to be leading for the conception of the law and the economy. This lead to inclusion of the rights of nature in their constitutions. In the Dutch Monitor Broader Wellbeing a dashboard is included not only on ‘here and now’, but also on ‘overthere’, meaning our use of resources in other parts of the world. In Africa wellbeing is mainly defined as good human relations (rather than the measurement of income). Humanity is defined differently than in Europe. People speak of Ubuntu (I am because we are). As an individual I exist because of the community. This community automatically includes the ancestors and the future generations. Ancestors are considered ‘living dead’ as long as they are remembered and they are connected to the earth. For the ‘yet to be born’ natural resources are equally essential. In the South African constitution they are therefore explicitly mentioned. The Dutch Monitor Broader Wellbeing also includes a ‘Later’ dashboard on future resources for the coming generations. How ‘development’ is defined is therefore different in every culture. GNP was easy to measure. Broader wellbeing opens a different debate. Traditions in the Global South prioritize culture, inner wellbeing, human relations and nature. How you view wellbeing depends on what you measure. And not all cultures share the Dutch proverb: knowing is measuring. This column is written on a personal title and does not reflect the opinion of the ministry of foreign affairs nor the ministry of education, culture and science, where the author is working.

LITERATURE

Norren, D.E. van (2017). Development as service: A Happiness, Ubuntu and Buen Vivir interdisciplinary view of the sustainable development goals. Proefschrift, Tilburg University. Stiglitz, J., A. Sen, en J. Fitoussi (2009). Report by the Commission on the measurement of economic performance and social progress.

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VLADIMIR NAYDENOV:

“ON RUSSIA ONLY ONE POSITION IS ALLOWED”

Interview conducted by Eric van de Beek, freelance journalist, former editor of Dutch leading weekly Elsevier and author of Nepnieuwsexplosie, a recent book about fake news in the Dutch press. Photography: Imane Rachidi.

Vladimir Naydenov, head of the political department of the Russian embassy in The Hague, witnessed how The Netherlands, in a short period of time, became the most Russophobic country in the world.

“We can not offer to the press what the press does not want, but the press is always welcome. Our ambassador is a very open man. When asked for an interview, he is always willing, on condition that everything he says will be published, to prevent he is quoted out of context.”

“The contacts between the Netherlands and Russia were wonderful”, Naydenov recalls. “In the 1980’s several delegations of the Dutch parliament visited the Soviet-Union. They made an important contribution to the easing of strained tensions at the end of the Cold War and to the improvement of relations between Russia and The Netherlands. Also The Netherlands has been a political catalyst for the establishment of the Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces Treaty of 1987.”

THAT COULD PERHAPS EXPLAIN WHY WE SEE THE AMERICAN AMBASSADOR MUCH MORE OFTEN IN THE DUTCH MEDIA THAN THE RUSSIAN AMBASSADOR.

IN 2018 PEW RESEARCH ASKED PEOPLE IN 25 COUNTRIES FOR THEIR OPINION ABOUT RUSSIA. THE NETHERLANDS EMERGED AS THE MOST RUSSOPHOBIC COUNTRY. HOW DO YOU EXPLAIN THIS HUGE SHIFT IN PUBLIC OPINION?

“My Dutch interlocutors say: ‘Everything started in 2014, when Russia annexed Crimea.’ But that is not the case. The big turnaround came in 2013, when The Netherlands and Russia were to celebrate 400 years of diplomatic ties. In that year there was a succession of incidents, especially around the LGBT campaign.”

DON’T YOU THINK THAT THE MH17 DISASTER IN UKRAINE CHANGED THINGS FOR THE BAD? THE DUTCH AUTHORITIES HAVE BLAMED RUSSIA.

“Of course, but MH17 happened a year later, in 2014. Public opinion about Russia had already changed.”

HOW ARE THE CONTACTS OF YOUR EMBASSY WITH THE PRESS? THE AMERICAN EMBASSY ORGANIZES AND FINANCES PRESS TRIPS AND EVEN PAYS JOURNALISTS FOR WRITING ARTICLES. YOUR EMBASSY PERFORMS NO PR ACTIVITIES?

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“It’s more likely the American ambassador is more often on television because he says what people want to hear in The Netherlands.”

DO YOU THINK THE DUTCH PRESS IS BIASED?

“Journalists usually follow the mainstream, convey the policy of their government. This happens everywhere. Although I must say that there is much more diversity in the Russian media than there is in the Dutch media. To Russian talk shows citizens from many countries are invited, Americans, Britons, Ukrainians, Poles, Dutch, to express their country’s position on current affairs. On Dutch television you will never see a Russian who propagates Russian views. Apart from one interview with our ambassador and one interview with our minister-counsellor. Something that astonished me recently was the way in which the Dutch press reported about the annual press conference of President Vladimir Putin, in which he warned about the consequences of the American withdrawal from the INF treaty. Why didn’t the newspapers report about Putin’s warning? The American withdrawal will directly affect the security of the Netherlands and other European countries. Once again Europe and the US will have to face the question: ‘Where in Europe will America’s missiles for the intermediate-range be installed?’ For sure the same countries as in the 1980’s will be considered: Germany, the Netherlands and Belgium.

Dutch politicians now have supported the Americans in their withdrawal from the INF treaty. I still can hardly believe they really did. Don’t these politicians know how much effort was put into drafting the treaty? And have they completely forgotten about the important role The Netherlands has played in it? Don’t they remember the massive demonstrations in the early 1980’s, against the installment of American nuclear missiles on Dutch territory? The endless discussions in Dutch Parliament? And the subsequent joy in The Netherlands when the news was out that the treaty was signed and ratified?”

WHAT DO YOU THINK OF THE INTERFERENCE OF THE DUTCH GOVERNMENT WITH THE RUSSIAN PRESS? THEY ARE FINANCING SO-CALLED ‘INDEPENDENT RUSSIANLANGUAGE MEDIA’ IN RUSSIA AND OTHER FORMER SOVIET-COUNTRIES.

“I know that they tried to set up something like this with Poland, but I believe it didn’t work out, at least I haven’t heard anything about it ever since. Anyway, if the Dutch Minister of Foreign Affairs is overflowing with funding, he’s welcome to spend it. In Russia his media efforts have been left unnoticed.”

RUSSIA IS OF THE OPINION THAT THE NETHERLANDS FALSELY ACCUSES RUSSIA OF CYBER ATTACKS AND FAKE NEWS. WHY DO YOU THINK THE NETHERLANDS IS DOING THIS?

“These accusations are part of an international campaign against our country. The Dutch Minister of Defence Bijleveld has said that The Netherlands is at war with Russia. We already have seen some fine examples of how The Netherlands is waging this war. It’s by making false accusations, disseminating propaganda against our country.” An extensive, Dutch language version of the above interview can be found on Dutch geopolitical magazine Novini.

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“GLOBAL CHALLENGES FOR A SUSTAINABLE FUTURE: VISIONS FROM KAZAKHSTAN” Following a cordial welcome, H.E. Magzhan Ilyassov Ambassador of Kazakhstan took the word, making clear that in his view the world community must unite to address common challenges. Our shared duty – he said – is to seek a way out of the destructive spiral of conflict that is intertwined into the global geo-economics and geopolitics.

Roy Lie Atjam. Photography: Kim Vermaat.

The Embassy of the Republic of Kazakhstan in the Netherlands organized a panel discussion on the theme “Global Challenges for a sustainable future: Visions from Kazakhstan” at Society De Witte. The panelists were: H.E. Magzhan Ilyassov Ambassador of Kazakhstan; Prof. dr. Ruard Ganzevoort, Senator of the Dutch and Dean of the Faculty of Religion and Theology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam; and Ms. Marzhan Nurzhan, Parliamentarian for Nuclear NonProliferation and Disarmament Program Officer Czech Republic. Also, on the program was the screening of the documentary movie “Where the wind blew”, of the Director Mr. Andre Singer.

Then, Ambassador Ilyassov outlined what he considers the seven key markers and risks that characterize our new global reality, specifically pinpointing the following issues: (i) the growing political confrontations between major world powers; (ii) the challenges faced by global development and security institutions due to such confrontations; (iii) the escalation of economic confrontations and trade wars; (iv) the instability that characterizes the Middle East; (v) the breakdown of the Iran Nuclear Deal, and its repercussions on the Middle East’s stability; (vi) the persisting threat of international terrorism and extremism; (vii) the emerging issue of cybersecurity. In his concluding remarks, the Ambassador stressed Kazakhstan’s openness towards dialogue and reconciliation of conflicting parties, notably in Eurasia. The second speaker at the conference was Prof. Dr R. Ruard Ganzevoort who eloquently delivered his discourse. He first enumerated

the challenges faced by our world, notably the need to address war, inequality and climate change. Then, he stressed how religion and politics could be instrumental in averting an impending catastrophe. According to Dr. Ganzevoort, both religion and politics are not satisfied with the status quo of the existing world and its realities, and both are built on a vision that transcends the deterministic and cynical realism we see so much around us. Hence, they have a potential to achieve progress towards peace, social equality, and ecological harmony. Yet – he warned – often both politics and religion fall short of a visionary approach, being limited to power games and group identity. In such context, it is up to brave leaders to leverage politics and religion in a way that contributes to addressing our world’s challenges. A third speaker was Ms. Marzhan Nurzhan, who delivered an in-depth talk on the abolition of nuclear weapons. Ms. Nurzhan, who is actively involved in campaigns for the abolition of nuclear weapons as an educator and lobbyist, notably quoted former UN Secretary General Ban Ki-Moon, who once said: “the world is over-armed, and peace is underfunded”. The panel discussion ended with a Lunch at the restaurant of Society De Witte.

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Anniversary 40 Years Cooperation Yemen Netherlands By Roy Lie Atjam.

On the occasion of 40 Year of cooperation between Yemen and the Netherlands, the Ambassador of the Netherlands in Yemen H.E. Ms. Irma van Dueren and the Ambassador of Yemen in the Netherlands H.E Ms. Sahar Ghanem organized a seminar on Integrated Water Resources Management in Yemen. Adjacent to the seminar venue was a photo exhibition by photographer Thana Farouq and a reception. Taking the current state of Yemen into account, the event was kind of sober yet practicable. The attendance was a very mixed one with Diplomats, Dutch- and Yemeni personalities from past and present.

SITTING ON THE PANEL WERE:

Yemeni Deputy Minister for Water and Environment – Mr. Tawfiq Abdul Wahid Al – Sharjabi. Dutch Foreign Affairs - Deputy Director General for International Cooperation Ms. Reina Buijs. Yemeni water specialist Eng. Musaed Aklan. Dutch Water Specialist Mr. Job Kleijn. Leading Panel Discussion – Ex Ambassador for Yemen Mr. Harry Buikema. The main focus was on the water, rather the scarcity of water on the present water situation and options for the future

After an introduction by Mrs Reina Buijs, Director General of International Cooperation, Deputy Minister of water and environment (Yemen) Tawfeq Al-Sharjabi, Water specialist Musaed Aklan and Mr Job Kleijn former first Secretary to the Dutch Mission in Yemen gave presentations. The session was followed by followed by a vivid panel discussion and Q&A. Asked about how he feels after the seminar Deputy Minister Tawfeq Al-Sharjabi responded, “I am pleased and look forward to the talks I will be having with Dutch water experts”. Mr Job Kleijn beliefs the war will be over soon, “so let’s look ahead, at how we will solve problems”. A jazz trio and an Oed/Ut playing duo added to the pleasant atmosphere at the seminar.

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WHO AND WHAT WILL KILL YOU? By Barend ter Haar. Photography: Maaike Vink.

When a man starts shooting around to kill people he doesnâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t know, for terroristic purposes or just because he is crazy, he receives all the public attention he is looking for but does not deserve. This poses a challenge for governments. Will they take a high profile in order to look vigorous and decisive, even when that is exactly what the terrorists hope for, because it heightens their profile too? Or can they withstand that pressure and, while giving high priority to the prevention of such attacks, put these risks into a realistic perspective? A useful way to put them into a realistic perspective is to look at the reports of the Institute of Health Metrics and Evaluation (IHME), an institute that was founded in 2007 with a large grant of the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation. This institute produces the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors (GBD) study, based on a database that includes almost 800 million deaths.

The aim of this study is to compare the effects of diseases and risks that kill people prematurely and cause ill health. It looks both at the direct causes of death, such as diseases, and at the factors that increase the risk of a disease, such as eating too much salt (3 million deaths in 2017).

WE WILL FIRST LOOK AT A SELECTION OF THE DIRECT CAUSES OF DEATH IN THE WORLD IN 2016 (round numbers in thousands and as a percentage of all deaths): Heart diseases 17650 Cancer 8930 Road incidents 1340 AIDS 1030 Suicide 817 Murder 391 Conflicts 116 Terrorism 35 Natural disasters 7

32,26 % 16,32 % 2,45 % 1,89 % 1,49 % 0,71 % 0,21 % 0,06 % 0,01 %

It should be noted that these are global figures and that they vary significantly by country. Terrorists, for example, are mainly active in countries like Afghanistan and Iraq. In rich countries the dominant risk factors are unhealthy diets, smoking and alcohol, while lack of facilities to wash your hands is only a high risk in very poor countries. Let us now look at the factors that increase the risk of a premature death. Be aware that when two risks interact, the resulting death appears twice. Somebody who is obese might, for example, do little physical exercise. The deaths caused by these two risk factors should therefore not simply be added up.

NUMBER OF DEATHS BY A SELECTION OF RISK FACTORS IN 2016 (round numbers in thousands):

Smoking 6320 High Body Mass Index (obesity) 4530 Outdoor air pollution 4090 Alcohol use 2810 Household air pollution 2580 Diet low in fruit 2360 Diet low in vegetables 1520 Low physical activity 1370 Unsafe sex 1100 Second hand smoke 884 No access to hand washing facility 750 The outcome of very recent research is that unhealthy eating habits and air pollution are probably even more deadly than reflected in the figures of 2016. According to these reports unhealthy eating habits account globally for one in every five deaths, while air pollution reduced global life expectancy in 2017 by an average of 20 months.

SO, WHO ARE THE PEOPLE THAT ENDANGER OUR LIFE?

When you have the privilege of living in a rich country, the person you have to fear most is the one that makes you smoke and drink and eat unhealthy, such as too little whole grains (3 million deaths in 2017). And who is that person? Air pollution and traffic accidents cannot be simply solved by changing our individual lifestyle, but require action at a local, national or even global level. But also these risks are mainly caused by ourselves and people like us. In short, the people we have to fear most are ourselves. Does this mean that we can ignore terrorists? Of course not, but we should not grant them the privilege of being made more important than they are.

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THINKING FORWARD RADICAL IN OUR TIME

By Joumana El Zein Khoury, Director of the Prince Claus Fund. Photography: Prince Claus Fund.

Greetings from the Netherlands. It is midwinter here, so our part of the earth is aimed away from the sun, which means we have long, dark nights.

IT IS THE PEOPLE BEHIND THE NUMBERS THAT SHOULD COUNT

The darkness I worry about, though, isn’t a matter of seasons and it’s not limited to the Northern Hemisphere. In talking with you, with our partners from all over the world, I hear similar messages: a sense that the world is getting darker. People everywhere are facing challenges: worries about a backlash where we thought there was progress in achieving social justice; the imminent dangers of climate change; campaigns to exclude minorities and migrants. There seems to be a political trend of silencing diverse voices, erecting barriers, looking inward, blaming ‘the other’.

Let me just take my own story as an illustration of what I mean: I was born in Lebanon, but my family fled the war when I was a year old, so I grew up and was educated in other countries. I’ve been fortunate to lead a privileged life in which I have absorbed the habits and values – pieces of the cultures – of each place I’ve lived. I’m as blunt as any Dutch native, my intellectual approach is largely French, but I’m completely Lebanese when it comes to hospitality.

These developments aren’t happening quietly. They are being extensively measured. The world has become obsessed with numbers which are often used to frighten. Disasters are measured in statistics of displaced and dead. Poverty is quantified in numbers of homeless and unemployed. I believe when society is focused on numbers, it is missing the full picture.

I believe when people and nations are so focused on counting, obsessed with accumulating more wealth but only in concentrated pockets, using money to build walls and bolster already extraordinary military defense, we need to take another path. We need to invest in culture.

We should be flooding the world with their faces and stories. Society needs stories to see beyond the abstractions, prejudices, fears and stereotypes.

So how does my story fit into this world of numbers? You could say that I am one of the world’s 68.5 million displaced people. You could say that I am one of three million migrants living in the Netherlands, or narrow it down to one of the approximately 60,000 Arab immigrants here. But what does that tell you about who I am or what I can contribute?

Culture enriches in an important way. It amplifies different perspectives and critical voices. It challenges ideas and opens minds. It connects people with each other, with their past and with our collective future. Culture interrogates and influences the established order. It offers possible solutions.

CULTURE HAS THE POWER TO TRANSFORM AND TO MAKE A POSITIVE DIFFERENCE

That is what culture can do. That is what you all do. And in that sense you have become radical in our time, daring to be different in your thoughts and actions. You dare, through your work and your support, to show the inescapable human consequences of the numbers. At the Prince Claus Fund, that is the commitment we see in our network, the commitment that we all share. By actively supporting radical and creative thinkers, the Fund stands behind those who dare to challenge the status quo. Through creative and peaceful means, you change perceptions, raise debates, connect across difference and improve realities. For many of you, that commitment entails great risks. Just one example was the arrest in August of photographer and social activist Shahidul Alam in Bangladesh. It brought an immediate response. The solidarity was breath-taking! Our partners all over the world launched creative protests. Underlining the global nature of the risks, around the same time, Chinese photographer Lu Guang went missing in China and multi-media artist Tania Bruguera was arrested together with other artists in Cuba. As of this writing, Tania is out of jail, Shahidul is free but his case is still pending and Lu Guang is reportedly still in police custody. The international outcry that threw an uncomfortable spotlight on Bangladesh may not sway all governments. Incidents of repression will continue, but solidarity in culture has been proven strong.

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VENEZUELA’S DEPUTY FOREIGN MINISTER MR. YVAN GIL IN THE HAGUE

By Roy Lie Atjam. Photography: Imane Rachidi.

The Hague, 17 February 2019. The Deputy Foreign Minister of Venezuela Mr Yvan Gil is on a European tour that will take him to several European countries. He made a stop-over in The Hague. Deputy Minister Mr Yvan Gil paid a courtesy visit on OPCW DG Mr Fernando Arias and met with his Dutch homologue at the Dutch Ministry of Foreign Affairs Mr Marcel D´vink. CREATIVITY WILL HAVE TO BE ENDLESSLY ADAPTABLE AS NEW CHALLENGES ARISE

Culture also has to prepare us for the future, and it is important to engage the people who will be most affected. It’s essential to be working with and for young creatives and providing them with the organisational skills they will need to take part confidently in shaping a more inclusive world. Younger artists have the energy, optimism and commitment that will help bring light to this darkness. With them, we are enlarging our circle. Congolese choreographer Faustin Linyekula calls this circle of Prince Claus Fund partners a ‘guerrilla network’, working stealthily for change. I like that imagery. I see us all as a global movement, but one that works locally. We are not a ‘one size fits all’ response, but a vast network of individuals who reinforce each other in our individual work, who resist pressures to accept divisions and conform to a single story. We are listeners who hear many voices, share many stories. We put ears to the ground and hear the tremors that are coming. Spread all over the globe, we share the belief that culture is essential everywhere to change the world for the better. Artist and architect, co-funder and collaborator, new media wizard and old weavers - we are all part of a movement that we can be proud of.

Scores of Ambassadors, diplomats, International Judges, members of the NAM+China, the None-Alignment Movement, all representing countries and institutions friendly to Venezuela, attended a reception hosted H.E. Haifa Aissami Maddah of Venezuela in honor of the visiting Minister Gil. A poise and convincing Minister Yvan Gil delivered a puissant speech explaining the current situation of his country the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela. The speech was not just powerful but very enlighting as well. One now has a balanced view of developments in the Republic of Venezuela, a sovereign state bend on defending the right to self-determination. Here are some excerpts of Mr Yvan Gil’s speech // Venezuela has the world’s first oil reserve, the world’s fourth gold reserve, as well as other large reserves of gas, iron, diamonds, water. Venezuela is a victim of a blockade and financial expropriation that makes free trade impossible, particularly the purchase of food and medicine. Under this pretext, they wanted to promote a scenario that reflects the need for humanitarian aid for Venezuela, but an humanitarian aid not accompanied by the International Red Cross, but by foreign military forces. We insist that our country does not live in a humanitarian crisis, our country suffers an economic crisis due to the financial embargo and the economic blockade. Within this blockade: Euroclear has retained 1,400 million euros belonging to Venezuela, the Bank of England has confiscated 1,200 million dollars in gold and the United States expropriated more than 30,000 million dollars, property of the Venezuelan State. The Latin American Geopolitical Strategic Center (CELAG) calculates a loss of 350, 000 million dollars in the last 5 years, product of this financial blockade. The President of the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela, Nicolás Maduro Moros, has repeatedly called the Venezuelan opposition deeply connected with the Department of State of the United States of America, to dialogue, as the only way to preserve internal peace.

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DIPLOMAT MAGAZINE #10

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YEMEN ON THE BRINK – OF WHAT?

By Guido Lanfranchi. Photography: CNN’s Gabriel Chaim.

Four years into the Yemeni conflict, the situation in the country remains extremely volatile. The feeling is that Yemen is in a crucial moment – although it is not clear what the future holds, as the country continuously swings between fears of protracted conflict and hopes for a negotiated solution. In such a fluid context, acting for peace is more important than ever. Following the developments of the Yemeni conflict is no easy task. The recipe of the war in Yemen is a complex one: several local groups conflicting over multiple fault lines, including political, religious, and tribal ones; regional and global powers providing support to their allies in the country; and years of military confrontation that have left a legacy of extreme mistrust among the parties. Over the past years, the United Nations have struggled even to bring together the conflicting parties, let alone moving forward with a solid peace plan. Yet, efforts for peace are always worth pursuing, and this historical moment might be a crucial one for Yemen to take steps ahead on the path towards peace. After peacefully managing a political transition in the wake of the Arab Spring, Yemen precipitated in a political crisis in late 2014, when the Houthis, a political, religious, and armed movement from the North of Yemen, launched protests against the government, eventually seizing the capital Sana’a and forcing President Mr. Abdrabbuh Mansour Hadi to flee. As the two fronts started to clash militarily, international players jumped into the conflict, adding another layer of complexity. A coalition of regional states led by Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates started a military campaign, mostly consisting of airstrikes, against the Houthis, with the backing of the United States and several European countries. On the other hand, Iran allegedly stepped up its economic, political, and military support to the Houthis, albeit never in an overt manner.

Since June 2015, the United Nations has attempted to bring the Hadi government and the Houthis to the table for negotiations. This has not been an easy task and a number of different attempts have repeatedly failed, with each party blaming the other for the failure. However, a breakthrough unexpectedly materialized in December 2018, when a round of talks in Rimbo, Sweden, resulted in the signing of the so-called Stockholm Agreement. The text envisaged agreements on a large-scale prisoners’ exchange and on de-escalation measures in Hodeidah, as well as a statement of understanding on the embattled city of Ta’iz. The deal’s implementation, however, did not meet the expectations it had raised. To date, the prisoners’ exchange never materialized. Moreover, the parties did not manage to reach an agreement on the redeployment of troops from Hodeidah, notably due to disagreements over who should take over the areas freed by the Houthi’s potential withdrawal. Moreover, fighting persisted in many areas of the country, with civilian casualties on the rise in the wake of the agreement in areas not covered by ceasefires. The Yemeni government also denounced a large number of ceasefire violations by the Houthis, and condemned their offensive in the Hajour district. By contrast, organizations on the ground accused the Saudi-led coalition of provoking large numbers of civilian casualties with their indiscriminate airstrikes campaign.

As the Agreement’s implementation has been stalling for months, the Yemeni people and the conflicting parties themselves might gradually lose their faith in a negotiated outcome to the conflict. Several announcements of progress have been made over the last months, but none of them has delivered concrete results to date. The latest announcement came on April 15th, with UN Special Envoy Mr. Martin Griffiths declaring that an agreement on the Hodeidah redeployment has been reached. However, this deal allegedly covers the troops pullback only, leaving the contentious issue of future deployments still open. As this issue is crucial for both parties, the UN staff on the ground will likely face a hard challenge in squaring the circle. As Yemen swings between fears of war and hopes for peace, what can be done to ensure that the country moves towards a negotiated solution to its conflict? Crucially, both parties need to show their commitment to such a solution not only with words, but also (and especially) with deeds. In order to do so, incremental confidence-building measures could be key, as they could address very practical crisis situations while at the same time improving the parties’ ability to dialogue and cooperate with each other. In this regard, the Stockholm agreement provides a very good framework, as both the prisoners’ exchange and the troops redeployment are potentially crucial confidence-building tools. Other measures, such as new (localized) ceasefires, the much-debated reopening of the Sana’a airport, and cooperation on humanitarian issues, might be further discussed, hopefully paving the way for talks on broader political issues to address the conflict’s roots. The breakthrough achieved with the Stockholm Agreement has put Yemen in a crucial stage of its history. The country is on the brink of a new phase, but such new phase could mean anything, from progress towards peace, to continuation of a brutal conflict. It is the hard task of the Yemeni people, with the help of the international community, to hopefully lead the country on the path of peace.

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SAMEN LEVEN IN EEN SAMENLEVING LIVING TOGETHER IN A COMMUNITY By John Dunkelgrün. Photography: John Dunkelgrün.

The Mubarak Mosque on the Oostduinlaan in The Hague was opened in 1955 and is the oldest mosque in The Netherlands. It belongs to the Ahmadi-Muslims or Ahmadiyya who believe that Mirza Ghulam Ahmad from the city of Qadian (India) was the Mujaddid, the promised Saviour or Mahdi. He preached a new interpretation of the Quran, which most other Muslims reject. The Ahmaddiyya firmly believe in living within the communities where they settle. In the Netherlands they want their children to go to regular schools and to get their religious training at home or in the mosque. They participate as a community as well as privately in the life of the city and the country. Their charitable collection are disbursed to organisations like the Dutch KWF Cancer Fund, food banks and refugees. In order to promote dialogue and to foster mutual understanding, once a year they organise an open house, where people who live in quite a large circle around the mosque are invited to meet, talk and enjoy a curry dinner. On March 16th this year the open house took the form of a Peace Conference. There was an impressive panel of speakers including among others a senior Alderman from the City of The Hague, Mr. Rachid Guernaoui, a member of the City Council of Rotterdam, Mr. Narsingh Balwantsingh, a journalist and media expert Mw. Tjalina Nijholt and several members of the Ahmaddiyya comunity. The conference was held under the black cloud of the massacre in Christchurch, which underlined the need for dialogue and cooperation. Mr Guernaoui stressed that in The Hague, a city with at least 180 nationalities, this dialogue is crucial. “We need to concentrate not on where people came from, but where they are going, what their future can be”. He is preparing an action plan for the city that

DIPLOMAT MAGAZINE #10

diplomatIC EVENTS

Sweden’s Minister for Foreign Affairs Visits OPCW Photography: OPCW.

The Director-General of the Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons (OPCW), H.E. Mr Fernando Arias, and Minister for Foreign Affairs of Sweden, H.E. Ms Margot Wallström, at OPCW Headquarters in The Hague. The Director-General and the Foreign Minister discussed progress in the implementation of the Chemical Weapons Convention (CWC), with a focus on OPCW activities in Syria and the effort to investigate and identify perpetrators of chemical weapon attacks.

concentrates on work, language (Dutch!) and a community without demarkations. Only when we can understand one another and listen to one another can we learn about one another and feel confident to be in each others work groups.

MR. NARSINGH BALWANTSINGH

Mr. Balwantsingh, a Hindu, was so overcome by the tragedy in New Zealand, that he had thrown his prepared speech away and gave an impassioned plea for mutual understanding, citing several stanzas from the Veda’s, the Hindi Holy Scriptures ending with an almost Spinoza like saying that everything is related, everyone is related to everyone. Tjalina Nijholt talked about the influence the media have on society. The media can spread information, but they can also spread hatred. Where ill is spoken, ill will follows. She talked about her grandparents, good god-fearing people with not a racist bone in their bodies, who yet, because of what they read or saw on the television, are dead scared of the people down the street who wear black head scarves.

Director-General Arias also briefed the Foreign Minister on the project to upgrade the OPCW Laboratory into a Centre for Chemistry and Technology, and the initiatives to change the Annex on Chemicals to the CWC. He also thanked the Swedish Government for its enduring support for the OPCW and remarked that “Sweden has made significant contributions to disarmament around the world. We look forward to our continued cooperation to ensure that chemical weapons become a thing of the past”. The Foreign Minister expressed: “Sweden has full confidence in the OPWC and will continue to support its important mission, politically, technically and financially. I look forward to continued fruitful discussions with Director-General Arias”. The Kingdom of Sweden joined the Chemical Weapons Convention in 1997 and has been an active member of the OPCW ever since.

A local conference like this with perhaps 50 guests is small potatoes, but if you get more, if you get many efforts like this, you’ll end up with a big stew. And we all know that it is the variety of meat, vegetables and herbs that makes a good stew so irresistible. Right on members of the Mubarak Mosque.

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BRAZIL’S LAST FRONTIER AND THE NEW GOVERNMENT By Victor Barros Correia. Photography: Winnie Chirchir.

In the past few years, Brazil has seen dramatical change in its economy and political scenario. The country suffered an accentuated shift, moving from a left to right wing government, with an impeachment process in the middle. It might be suitable to point out that the scope of this piece is not to underline the ongoing debate about the new government policies, moral and ethics, but instead, show an alternative for maximizing the present strategies in a way that can benefit the entire nation and symbiotically, the world. President Jair Messias Bolsonaro promised throughout his campaign that his main focus for the economy is to decentralize the state bureaucracy for the creation of new business clusters, the flexibilization of labour laws, as well as exploration and exploitation of environmental protected areas in order to promote growth and development. These three main agenda items of the government are expected to cause great opposition from civil society, unions, NGO’s and academic organisations. However, there is one area where President Bolsonaro can indeed proceed with his neo-liberal agenda and still promote entrepreneurship and creation of new business ideas, diversify the economy and at the same time not enter in conflict with the civil society organisation groups. This area is Brazil’s last frontier: The Blue Amazon.

In 2004 the navy admiral Roberto de Guimarães Carvalho wrote an article for the newspaper Folha de São Paulo, in which he launched the concept of the Brazilian ocean to the public, calling it the ‘Amazônia Azul’ or the ‘Blue Amazon’. This name highlights and draws attention to the hidden subaqueous Amazon in an attempt to divert the spotlight of the public opinion from the grandeur of the Amazon Forest to the fauna, flora and resources that could also be found in the Brazilian ocean. Put into numbers, the Blue Amazon covers 4.5 million km2, which is half of the Brazilian land territory and slightly less than the 5.2 million km2 of legal Brazilian Amazon forest, where living and non-living resources can be found in the airspace above the water, the water laminate and in the ocean floor and subsoil. Examples of these resources are all the derivates from the hydrocarbons such as oil and gas, fisheries, different minerals that are relevant to the technology business in the 21st century, and also immense opportunities in the renewable energy industry, just to mention a few. However, the choice is in hands of the new government to view the ocean as a new pattern in development. The political thought behind President Bolsonaro’s motivation to liberalize the economy should give priority to the entrepreneurial aspects of the ocean, developing the capacity of Brazil to generate new technologies, companies and involving society in viewing the ocean as a potential business as opposed to a mere bathing space. Another aspect of the ocean economy to consider is sustainability. The creation of this new economy should already be seen integrating the fundamentals of sustainable development in order to face the earth’s

challenges and the competitive aspects of the market in the future. As a major international player and a responsible nation, Brazil must honour the international agreements to which the country is a signatory, such as: The United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, the Paris Agreement and the Sustainable Development Goals. The country’s development should be incorporated within those objectives. The Blue Amazon has the advantage, with a few exceptions of maritime areas, that the new government will not need to violate human, social or cultural aspects in order to bring about development. On the contrary, the Green Amazon would be a place where their policies will face strong opposition and intrude upon ecological reserves as well as indigenous protected areas, causing it to go in opposite direction of what the world acknowledges and heads for today. Brazil’s last frontier should be embraced by the new president and by the entire nation as a space in which physical presence in the water must be felt as it is on land, generating growth and viable alternative for the future. The Blue Amazon is not just a boundary water desert, but rather a place of dynamic progress. Victor Barros Correia - is an international civil servant and a PhD candidate at Leiden University

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AFRODESCEDANTS IN THE AMERICAS:

RECOGNITION, JUSTICE AND DEVELOPMENT

By Dr. Betilde Muñoz-Pogossian, Director of Social Inclusion at the Organization of American States. Photography: Juan Manuel Herrera.

According to UNICEF, there are about 200 million afrodescedants in the Americas, an estimated 30% of the population. Of this, close to 50% includes children, and adolescents younger than 18 years old. If the 200 million people of African descent in the region were a country, they would be 53 times the size of Panama, 19 times the size of the Dominican Republic, 10 times the size of Chile. Who can deny they are an integral component of what we are as a region? The fact is, however, that regardless of the last few decades of economic growth, estimates indicate that afrodescedants continue to exhibit the highest levels of poverty, social exclusion, and discrimination. As a result of racism and discrimination, 90% of this population in the countries of the region live in poverty and extreme poverty with 70 to 80% earning less than 2 dollars a day. Often, they do not have universal access to health, education, housing or clean water. They also face more obstacles in terms of getting a job, and keeping it, and earn salaries that are generally less than the average.

population, their congressional representation only reached 4.60%. In Costa Rica, with 7.8% of afrodescedants, in 2013, there was not even one legislator of African descent. In Venezuela, with 53.4% of afrodescedants, only 2.40% of the National Assembly were of this origin. Whereas it is important to consider affirmative action policies that level the playing field for afrodescedants to compete, it is equally important to address the structural problems that cause their social exclusion. After all, which person who has to provide for his or her basic needs regarding food, housing or health can effectively enter the political arena and compete for public office?

of persons of African descent to the politics, economies, cultures, and societies of the region. The road map has been developed: the OAS Plan of Action for the Decade for People of African Descent in the Americas (2016–2025), which prioritizes lines of action to promote the Recognition, Justice, and Development of Afrodescedants in the region with the ultimate objective of closing the gaps in the enjoyment of all their human rights.

To shed light on these challenges, the Member states of the Organization of American States declared, last March 25, 2018, the “InterAmerican Week for People of African Descent in the Americas”. The objective is to foster greater awareness and respect for the diversity of the heritage and culture of people of African descent and their contribution to the development of societies. This celebration also seeks to recognize the important contributions

“Afrodescedants also face challenges in the exercise of their political rights. Although they are included as voters, they generally have limited possibilities to compete for public office...”

(Opinions are personal. They do not represent the views of the OAS).

Afrodescedants also face challenges in the exercise of their political rights. Although they are included as voters, they generally have limited possibilities to compete for public office due to the fact that, among other things, they are overwhelmingly part of the socio-economic groups with the lowest earning capacity. In 2013, year for which the most up-to-date comparative data exists, their representation in political decisionmaking posts was far from ideal. In Brazil, for example, only 8.60% of the total legislators were afrodescedants in a country where this group represents 50.9% of the population. In Colombia, where they represent 10.5% of the

DIPLOMAT MAGAZINE #10

diplomatIC EVENTS

Poland celebrates with music Photography: Embassy of Poland.

The embassy of Poland celebrates this year the 100th anniversary of the establishment of diplomatic relations between the Republic of Poland and the Kingdom of the Netherlands with an extensive program covering all aspects of the successful past and present collaboration between the two countries. One of the greatest cultural events organised by the embassy was the classical concert by the very young Polish pianist Tomasz Ritter, winner of the International Chopin competition 2018 and the Arthur Rubinstein in Memoriam international competition at the Piano Polish Festival last year. The event held at the premises of the Embassy of Poland in The Hague was the first of the series of concerts related to 100 anniversary of establishing diplomatic relations between Poland and the Netherlands. Many guests attended the concert, including friends of Poland coming from different Dutch institutions, diplomats and ambassadors, notably the ambassadors of Germany, Australia, Peru and many others. H.E. Mr. Dr Marcin Piotr Czepelak, ambassador of Poland, proudly presented the talented pianist. After the concert, ambassador Czepelak invited Ms. Erica Schouten – director department of European Affaires at the Dutch Ministry of Foreign Affairs, to cut with him the 100th Anniversary cake, a symbol of the solid diplomatic relations between the two countries and a wish for further collaboration in the next 100 years to come.

ICMP WELCOMES CONTINUED DUTCH SUPPORT TO ADDRESS THE GLOBAL MISSING PERSONS CHALLENGE Netherlands is a key strategic partner for the International Commission on Missing Persons (ICMP), supporting ICMP’s Headquarters in The Hague and supporting its core functions and country programs around the world, ICMP Director-General, Kathryne Bomberger said. Ms Bomberger was speaking after a meeting in The Hague with Foreign Minister Stef Blok. She highlighted the fact that “the Netherlands was one of the key players behind the signing – with the United Kingdom, Belgium, Luxembourg and Sweden – of the ICMP Agreement in December 2014,” and noted that the Agreement, which establishes ICMP as the only international organization in the world that exclusively addresses the issue of missing and disappeared persons, “reflects the emerging international consensus about the nature and scale of the global missing persons issue and the urgent need to tackle this issue in a coherent and effective way.” The Dutch Ministry of Foreign Affairs (MFA) facilitated ICMP’s move to Headquarters in The Hague in 2015 and also ICMP’s laboratory transition to The Hague, which was completed at the end of 2017. Since this relocation, ICMP has developed its existing partnership with the Netherlands Forensic Institute, and forged ties with Rotterdam Univeristy and Leiden University, including through HumanityX , an initiative that serves as the innovation engine of The Hague Humanity Hub. ICMP has been able to develop the operational capacity of its laboratory and begin applying next generation DNA technologies that will advance the science of human identification, which is critical to providing irrefutable evidence of a person’s identity. From 2015 to 2018, the MFA and the City of The Hague granted ICMP more than 2.5 Million EUR, enabling it to implement, core programs that are essential to carry out its global work. The Dutch authorities indicated at the end of last year that they will provide funding of 1.5 million EUR over three years beginning in 2019 so that ICMP can maintain core Headquarters capacities that are needed in order to carry out its work.

Dutch support has helped ICMP, among other things, to set in place systems in Iraq that will assist in identifying those missing from ISIS crimes, launch a new program to gather information about missing persons from Syrians who have sought refuge in countries neighboring Syria, support legislative and institutional processes in Colombia that will ensure that the missing persons framework established under the 2016 peace agreement can operate successfully, test DNA samples from victims of enforced disappearance from the 1964-85 military dictatorship in Brazil, improve the capacity and coordination of countries in the Mediterranean, including Italy, Greece, Malta and Cyprus, to account for missing migrants, and strengthen stakeholder networks among civil society, government officials, and international organizations engaged in the missing persons issue. The Netherlands was one of ICMP’s the earliest supporters after it was established in 1996, and has been a major and long-standing donor to ICMP’s Western Balkans Program. It has also supported ICMP’s development in response to the global challenge of missing persons. ICMP’s mandate is to secure the cooperation of governments and others in locating missing persons from conflict, human rights abuses, disasters, organized crime, irregular migration and other causes and to assist them in doing so.  It is the only international organization tasked exclusively to work on the issue of missing persons.

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THE U.S. WARNS THE EU ABOUT

5G SECURITY ISSUES

By Guido Lanfranchi

With upcoming 5G networks and the “internet of things” revolution, issues of network security will be increasingly important. For this reason, the United States is pushing for a risk-based framework, which would include serious controls on the supply chain of 5G infrastructure. “5G will be truly transformational”, as it will “really start touching all part of our lives”, including very sensitive issues such as telemedicine, autonomous transportation, and automated manufacturing. This is the basic premise laid out by Mr. Robert Strayer, Deputy Assistant Secretary for Cyber and International Communications and Information Policy at the U.S. State Department’s Bureau of Economic and Business Affairs.

Being aware of the importance that 5G infrastructure will have on the lives of people all around the world, Mr. Strayer and his team have been engaged over the last years in a sustained diplomatic campaign targeting 5G technology and related security issues. The U.S. – Mr. Strayer underlined – is “urging countries around the world to carefully consider how they adopt a risk-based framework for security”, which should crucially include “looking at the supply chain of the vendors that would be part of their 5G infrastructure”. Mr. Strayer focused specifically on the potential risks arising from including in the supply chain companies headquartered in countries where governments have a much larger role in influencing the companies’ strategies. For instance, in the specific case of China – he claimed – laws “allow the Chinese government to direct the actions of companies for their national interests of China”, thus potentially undermining the national security

of countries employing the technologies produced by such companies. Mr. Strayer also noted that, while the prices of products coming from China can be lower, the intrinsic vulnerabilities of these technologies are likely to drive their price up in the long run. Moreover – he noted – one should also consider that such low prices are often achieved through state subsidies, thus undermining the principle of fair competition. As a result, Mr. Strayer and his team will continue their negotiations with partners around the world, notably with the European Union, to pursue more coordinated policies on 5G infrastructure. Such coordination – Mr. Strayer warned – might be necessary to ensure that transatlantic cooperation in economic and security matters will continue as smoothly as in the past decades.

THE U.S. DESIGNATES IRAN’S IRGC AS A

TERRORIST ORGANIZATION

By Guido Lanfranchi

In an unprecedented move, the United States designated Iran’s Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps as a terrorist organization. Such move is part of the “maximum pressure campaign” applied by the U.S. administration on Iran and aimed at curbing Iranian influence in the Middle East. There is nothing new in the United States designating new Foreign Terrorist Organizations, as over the last two decades there have been around seventy of such designation. Yet, the most recent one has a distinctive feature: it targets Iran’s Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps, a branch of a sovereign state’s military. This unprecedented move has been strongly condemned inside Iran, and it has generated a lively debate among international analysts and diplomats. In the midst of such debate, the U.S. State Department has sought to clarify the rationale behind its choice. Taking questions from the press, Mr. Nathan Sales, Ambassador at Large and Coordinator for Counterterrorism, DIPLOMAT MAGAZINE #10

and Mr. Brian Hook, Special Representative for Iran, exposed the views of the U.S. administration on the IRGC. Mr. Hook accused the IRGC not only of sowing instability across the region, but also of being responsible for the death of over 600 U.S. soldiers in the context of the Iraq War. These considerations – the speakers stressed – have led the U.S. to implement the designation. The FTO designation of the IRGC is part of a much broader campaign initiated by the U.S. administration under the Presidency of Mr. Trump. The declared aim of this campaign is to deny sources of revenue to the Iranian government, in order to stop its influence in other countries across the Middle East. Ambassador Sales stressed that increased U.S. pressure on the IRGC is aimed at protecting countries across the Middle East from Iran’s influence. While this move shall not hamper cooperation between the U.S. and its regional partners that maintain ties with Iran – he continued – countries will have to make choices: “they can engage with Iran and take the consequences that follow, or they can engage with the United States and our allies and take the beneficial consequences that follow”.

The speakers also touched upon the complex relations with the European Union on the Iran issue, claiming that the areas of agreement between the two blocs are far more than those of disagreement, and stressing that disagreements are largely confined to the Iranian Nuclear Deal only. Moreover, Mr. Hook noted that the EU’s efforts to shield its companies from U.S. sanctions do not seem to be enough to reassure European businesses, whom the U.S. expect to pull out of Iran. The designation of the IRGC as an FTO is expected have a significant further impact on the decision of foreign companies to engage with Iran. As the IRGC has vast stakes in the country’s economy, foreign companies will face high risks when engaging with organizations inside Iran – Ambassador Sales noted, stressing that the aim of the U.S. measures is to “render radioactive the IRGC”. Far from decreasing, the confrontation between the United States and Iran continues to move to an even higher level.

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U.S. STATE DEPARTMENT HAILS AT PROGRESS IN ANNIVERSARY OF JCPOA WITHDRAWAL By Guido Lanfranchi

One year after the announcement of the United States’ decision to withdraw from the Iran Nuclear Deal, the U.S. State Department points at the achievements of its recent policies towards Iran. The remarks come at a time where tensions between the two countries are particularly high. At the beginning of May 2018, U.S. President Donald J. Trump announced that the United States would cease its participation in the Iran Nuclear Deal. One year later, the situation has dramatically changed, with the U.S. imposing ever-increasing, tough economic sanctions on Iran, and the Iranian government announcing that it will disregard some of the limits imposed by the deal, if the benefits associated to the agreement do not materialize soon.

Despite the heightened tensions between the U.S. and Iran, Senior Officials in the U.S. administration look with satisfaction at the “U.S. policy achievements since withdrawing from the JCPOA”, referring to the formal name of the agreement. Mr. Brian Hook, U.S. Special Representative for Iran, welcomed the imposition of “the toughest sanctions ever on this Iranian regime”, and vowed to “continue to expose maximum pressure on the regime until it abandons its destabilizing ambitions”. “We will never be held hostage to the Iranian regime’s nuclear blackmail” – Mr. Hook continued – “and outside of the deal we are in a much better position to address the full range of Iran’s destabilizing activities”.

United States retains unprecedented economic clout”, and that his guidance is to “continue increasing this pressure” on Iran’s government “until Tehran is compelled to negotiate on terms favorable to the U.S. or choose between survival and exporting terror, as it will not be able to do both”. In this regard, Mr. Hook pointed at recent reductions in Iran’s spending on its military and on allied groups across the region, seen by the U.S. administration as a proof of success of its recent policies towards Iran. Mr. Hook added that “the United States does not seek war with Iran, but we are ready to defend U.S. forces and interests in the region”.

Dr. Victoria Coates, Senior Director for Middle Eastern Affairs at the U.S. National Security Council, joined Mr. Hook in celebrating the achievement of the U.S. in increasing Iran’s isolation in the international scene. Dr. Coates said that President Trump has shown that “the

NATO MARKS 70TH ANNIVERSARY

WITH WASHINGTON MEETING OF FOREIGN MINISTERS By Guido Lanfranchi

Foreign Ministers gathered in Washington D.C. on April to mark 70 years since NATO’s founding, and to continue adapting the Alliance. “Over seven decades, NATO has stepped up time and again to keep our people safe, and we will continue to stand together to prevent conflict and preserve peace,” said NATO Secretary General Jens Stoltenberg.

Ministers also discussed Russia’s ongoing violation of the Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces (INF) Treaty. Allies reiterated their call on Russia to return to full and verifiable compliance with the Treaty, and discussed the way forward should Russia not return to compliance. The Secretary General stressed that any response would be “measured and coordinated,” and NATO has no intention to deploy ground-launched nuclear missiles in Europe, but added that NATO will continue to “maintain credible and effective deterrence and defence.”

Addressing security in the Black Sea region, Ministers agreed a new package of measures to enhance NATO’s situational awareness and strengthen support for the Alliance’s partners in the region, Georgia and Ukraine. This support could include training for maritime forces and coast guards, port visits and exercises, and sharing information.

Ministers addressed NATO’s role in the fight against terrorism, and the efforts of the United States to seek a political settlement in Afghanistan. “We went into Afghanistan together, and we agree that we will take any decisions on our future presence together,” said the Secretary General. Ministers also discussed progress in the fight against ISIS, and how NATO is adapting to new terrorist

threats and tactics, such as the use of small drones. The Secretary General stressed that NATO will continue to work with partners in the region, training local forces in the fight against terrorism. Ministers concluded their meeting with a discussion on fairer burden-sharing in the Alliance. The Secretary General welcomed Allied progress, including four consecutive years of rising investment in defence. “Since 2016, European Allies and Canada have added $41 billion dollars to their defence spending; by the end of next year, this will rise to $100 billion,” he said. Mr. Stoltenberg noted that Allies are not only spending more, but also investing in new capabilities and deploying more forces for NATO.

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THE PEACE PALACE:

AN INEXHAUSTIBLE SOURCE OF INSPIRATION

By Sheila Turabaz. Photography: Jan Wever.

As a (junior) reporter for Diplomat Magazine since 2016, I have attended many interesting events hosted at different venues on various occasions, but nothing has left quite the impression on me like the Peace Palace, the global icon of peace and justice and considered a part of Europe’s finest cultural heritage. As a (junior) reporter for Diplomat Magazine since 2016, I have attended many interesting events hosted at different venues on various occasions, but nothing has left quite the impression on me like the Peace Palace, the global icon of peace and justice and considered a part of Europe’s finest cultural heritage. It isn’t merely because of its majestic appearance (although that certainly contributes to its iconic status), but rather its mission: to prevent and solve conflicts peacefully and to stimulate world peace (through the application of international law). Therefore, I am honoured to be appointed as Policy Officer Events at the Carnegie Foundation – Peace Palace as of April 2019. The Carnegie Foundation owns and manages the Peace Palace and is named after ScottishAmerican philanthropist Andrew Carnegie, who generously funded the construction and requested in his deed in 1913 that the Peace Palace serves as “Temple of Peace for the world”. I consider the Peace Palace to be an inexhaustible source of inspiration and I have had the privilege of working at both courts housed in the palace. First I had the opportunity to work at the Permanent Court of Arbitration as Assistant to the Secretary-General, H.E. Mr Hugo Siblesz, and subsequently at the Press and Information Department of the International Court of Justice while simultaneously attending university to obtain a Master’s degree in International Business Law.

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The global convening power of the Peace Palace offers a unique instrument to organize and host constructive dialogues on a variety of societal, economic and environmental issues – in light of the 17 UN Sustainable Development Goals – aimed at fostering (and financing) peacebuilding initiatives and sustainable development. On behalf of the Carnegie Foundation, I would like to invite all stakeholders (e.g. philanthropists, representatives of states and international organizations, civil society, corporations, academia, youth and communities directly affected by conflict) to convene at the Peace Palace and participate in multi-stakeholder dialogues to generate peaceful solutions and good practices.

Multi-faceted issues ask for an inclusive approach and therefore we believe that these multi-stakeholder dialogues are necessary. As Policy Officer at the Carnegie Foundation I look forward to meeting many organizations and individuals sharing our peace ideal and forging new partnerships as well as maintaining warm relations with the corps diplomatique. I am proud to be part of the family of institutions founded by Andrew Carnegie for the promotion of peace, education, human courage and the general wellbeing of people and we intend to continue his legacy of doing real and permanent good in the world because “the killing of man by man, as a means of settling international disputes, is the foulest blot upon human society”.

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AN EXPRESSION OF GRATITUDE TO DR. BERNARD BOT

AND HIS UNWAVERING COMMITMENT TO THE PEACE PALACE By Sheila Turabaz. Photography: C. Van Tol, Carnegie Foundation.

A multitude of distinguished guests gathered in the magisterial Great Hall of Justice at the Peace Palace to bid farewell to H.E. Dr Bernard Bot, who retired from his position as Chairman of the Carnegie Foundation and The Hague Academy of International Law after twelve years of outstanding service and tireless dedication. A seminar was organized in honour of Mr Bot which held the theme “The Peace Palace, politics and implications related to the peaceful settlement of disputes through international law”. The seminar consisted of contributions from his colleagues – who have worked closely with Mr Bot for many years – about the invaluable work done by the institutions residing in the Palace as well as Mr Bot’s personal commitment to the Peace Palace and its mission to achieve peace through law.

Library during the courses of The Hague Academy of International Law. Furthermore, Mr De Baedts mentioned the important efforts exerted to create public awareness of the important mission of the Peace Palace. Mr Bot has “always felt education was of vital importance to promote peace” and “played an important role in establishing the Peace Palace’s Visitors Centre as he was convinced that the mission of the Carnegie Foundation was to include public education and awareness of the work of the institutions housed in the Peace Palace”, Mr Bot “realized that in essence here we serve. All of us in this Palace serve world peace. The Judges serve the States that bring their disputes before them to find a peaceful settlement, as warfare would harm so many civilians. And so do the Arbitrators serve the parties that aspire to settle their conflicts and interests. We take pride in serving both these Courts, as well as The Hague Academy, we serve them with our books, with our services, with outreach activities that make them shine. All together we do deliver peace in action. Serving leadership is the management motto nowadays. Mr Bot “practiced that even before it was invented.”

The master of ceremonies, Ms Nora Stehouwer – Van Iersel, Former Ambassador for International Organisations to the Netherlands (who has worked with Mr Bot for many years when he served as Minister of Foreign Affairs, as well as during his chairmanship) welcomed the guests and subsequently invited Mr Erik de Baedts, General Director of the Carnegie Foundation to deliver his remarks on “Peace through law in practice: the work of people.”

Moreover, Ms Saskia Bruines, Deputy Mayor of the Municipality of The Hague and the alderman of Education, Knowledge Economy and International Affairs also took the stage to share a few remarks on Mr Bot’s contributions to peace which also benefitted The Hague’s position as International City of Peace and Justice.

Mr De Baedts touched upon this subject reflected upon Mr Bot’s affiliation with the Peace Palace, dating back sixty years ago, when he served as desk officer at the Peace Palace

Between musical interludes magnificently performed by classical harpists, H.E. Mr. Hugo Siblesz, the Secretary-General of the Permanent Court of Arbitration eloquently demonstrated his profound knowledge of arbitration through a broader policy

perspective and explained the role it plays in international relations. H.E. Mr Philippe Couvreur, Registrar of the International Court of Justice, paid tribute to Mr Bot whom he considers a “loyal friend and dedicated partner of the International Court of Justice” and expressed his gratitude Mr Bot for his endeavors to maintain and reinforce the warm relations between the International Court of Justice and the host country as well as for various projects of a complex nature that were carried out under this authority, in particular the renovation of the Great Hall of Justice and the Judges’ Building of the Court. Professor Yves Daudet, The President of the Curatorium of The Hague Academy of International Law thanked Mr Bot for his important contribution to the development of the Academy as well as praising his excellent diplomatic skills. Mr Piet Hein Donner, Dutch honorary Minister of State and former Vice-President of the Council of State, has been appointed as Mr Bot’s successor per Royal Decree and gave his inaugural speech during which he stressed the importance of building on the good relations maintained by his predecessor with the international institutions hosted by the Peace Palace, the Host Country the Netherlands, the United Nations and the municipality of The Hague. At the conclusion of the seminar the diplomat par excellence held his valedictory address, thanking his colleagues, confrères and friends for their warm tributes as well as expressed his wish for the Peace Palace to continue to develop as beacon of peace and international law.

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ALLES WALTZER! The Wiener Ball opens with the debutants performing the dance ceremony under the professional guidance of dance teacher Mr. Heidenreich who is, for this occasion, especially flown in from Vienna. The Ball will not be opened officially until Mr. Heidenreich makes the announcement: “Alles Waltzer”. At this moment, the guests of the ball start participating on the dancefloor and the other dance- and diningrooms will be opened as well. During the evening, the Johan Strauss Ensemble and the Marinierskapel will be performing and at midnight the Mitternachtseinlage will start. The guests will be invited to join the public quadrille. This unique evening will be completed with an afterparty at Club Conversation.

NOT FOR DANCERS ONLY

Needless to say, the Wienerball is a ball. However, it does not mean that it is only about dancing. For guests who prefer not to dance, there is plenty of entertainment. In restaurant Latour, for this occasion transformed into Wiener Kaffee, the guests are able to relax and enjoy our delicious homemade pastries. Also, in the foyer and in Bar Maritime, delightful and typically Austrian petit dishes and wines can be enjoyed.

BUSINESS MEETS PLEASURE

The Ball offers an excellent opportunity to meet up with business relations and to get acquainted with new business contacts. Also, it is an outstanding incentive to offer one’s employees. This year again, many prominent guests will be attending including various members of the Diplomatic Corps and Captains of Industry.

WOULD YOU LIKE TO ATTEND THE WIENER BALL, PLEASE GO TO WWW.WIENERBALL.NL

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Bangladesh Tourism Board Familiarization Tour 2019 By Roy Lie Atjam. Photography: M. De Lara.

Bangladesh: an array of festive colours. The country’s landscape is like a kaleidoscope of ever changing colours. Just a simple walk through the streets of the capital Dhaka, or any other city or village, will reveal a scenery filled with splendidly dressed people, displaying a sincere smile on their faces, and welcoming everyone with their hospitality. The Bangladesh Tourism Board (BTB) is a government-backed organization that plays a leading role in promoting Bangladesh as a touristic destination. In April 2019, acting in collaboration with the tour operator Tourism Window, the BTB organized the 6th edition of the Bangladesh Tourism Board Familiarization Tour. Twenty-seven journalists from countries as far as Japan, Republic of Korea, UK, Thailand, China, Italy, Netherlands, Lebanon, Spain and Belgium, each replete with energy and enthusiasm, took part in the tour. An extensive program took the group to the country’s most important touristic sites, some of them being sites protected and recommended by UNESCO. Among the many beautiful places

visited, the group had the opportunity to see attractions such as Bogura, Rajshahi, Khulna, Sundarbans, Cox’s Bazar, and Bandarban. The Familiarization Tour was finally wrapped up by a closing ceremony, attended by BTB Chief Executive Officer Mr. Abu Tahir Muhammad Zaber, as well as by State Minister for Civil Aviation and Tourism Mr. Md Mahbub Ali. An agreeable gentleman, who took the time to speak personally to the reporters, State Minister Mahbub Ali also delivered a powerful address to close the Tour. During the ceremony, the journalists also voiced their gratitude to the organizers, and in return they were offered a token of gratitude by them. The Familiarization Tour showed to the reporters the great touristic potential of Bangladesh and its many touristic attractions. To mention just a few, one might point at: Royal Bengal Tigers, 12th century Buddhist temples ruins, the majestic Jamuna Bridge, and the authentic weaving village of Tangail, where wonderful saris are weaved by hand. Bangladesh’s idyllic natural beauty, hospitality, vibrant colours, as well as the warmth of its people will surely captivate the mind and the heart of any visitor.

One of the key touristic sites in Bangladesh is Cox’s Bazar, which is considered to be the longest sea beach in the world, and the most visited one in the country. On this beach, tourists can enjoy a plethora of activities such as strolling, biking or parasailing. Moreover, one can also simply stop by one of the many boutiques, restaurants and cafes, enjoying the Bangladeshi people’s warm hospitality, as well as the local cuisine. In the area there are many hotels and other places of accommodation, built in order to cater for visitors. However, the area never feels as it is being overrun by tourists. Cox’s Bazar gives a positive feeling of seclusion, of a place when you can enjoy having your privacy. The beaches are clean, quiet and safe, perfect for a nice stroll. Moreover, the inviting waters will undoubtedly beckon the visitor to enjoy a refreshing swim. While the area is steadily developing and enjoying good rates of growth, it is still maintaining its natural charm and appeal. Getting into the vibe of Cox’s Bazar is definitely a major tip for any tourist: come discover and enjoy its sheer vastness and its pristine beauty!

The colourful Bengali New Year celebration is also a key event to experience for tourists. People often wear fine linen garments and jewelry, gathering together to attend and watch colourful parades. The celebration features rhythmic drumming and dancing, quite reminiscent of the Carnival celebrations held in the Caribbean. Bangladesh is an incredibly stimulating touristic destination, a truly undiscovered gem where one can really become absorbed in the country’s fabric. The country has been blessed by Mother Nature with unspoiled beauty, and the vibrant, hospitable culture of the Bangladeshi people embraces all visitors.

Cuba

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showcases its vast touristic potential In May 2019, the government of Cuba and the Ministry of Tourism organized FITCuba 2019, the island’s 39th International Tourism Fair. A large number of national and international tourism professionals and journalists attended the event, which was aimed at showcasing Cuba’s vast touristic potential.

Selecting a tropical vacation destination in South Asia might be a difficult task, as there are so many different available options. Are you looking for a relaxing getaway on a peaceful beach? Or maybe you prefer a unique and exciting adventure? Luckily, you don’t have to choose between the two options: Bangladesh can provide you with both!

So, welcome to Bangladesh, a beautiful touristic destination in South Asia where hospitality and untouched nature meet. With its wide array of opportunities, the country can truly offer something for everyone.

BANGLADESH AWAITS YOU! Top left: The Shiva temple in Puthia, Bangladesh. Top right: The Somapura Mahavihara, ruins of a large Buddhist temple since 1985 protected by the UNESCO. Bottom right: The village of Tangali is famous for the production of cotton silk and silk still count 60,000 looms. They are housed in private homes and small factories. Photography: M. De Lara.

Over 7,500 professionals from the tourism sector, coming from more than 53 countries, and including directors of hotel chains, airlines, wholesales, and travel agencies working with Cuba; over 250 journalists, of which almost 200 coming from abroad; local and international high-rank government officials, including the Minister of Tourism of Cuba, Manuel Marrero Cruz, and the Spanish Minister of Industry, Trade and Tourism, Reyes Maroto, Venezuela’s Stella Lugo and the Minister of Tourism of Nicaragua, Anasha Campbell. These were the attendees of FITCuba 2019, the 39th edition of Cuba’s International Tourism Fair, held in the Caribbean island in May 2019 and organized in close cooperation with Spain, the most important foreign investor in the country. The Fair started with an introductory ceremony and the ribbon cut at the colonial fortress complex of San Carlos de la Cabaña. The hundreds of guests attending the ceremony were then able to visit stands by the international partners of the Cuban tourist sector, as well as to attend conferences and ateliers. The program also featured large parties organized by famous Cuban hotel chains, such as Gaviota group, Iberostars and Melia hotels. FITCuba 2019 was also an occasion to showcase the reconstruction project led by the historical office of La Habana and the celebre Dr. Eusebio Leal Spengler the historian of the city, which has now been extended to other cities in the country. This project entails the reconstruction of the enormous colonial heritage present in Cuba, notably aiming at creating new service-oriented building such as schools, social houses, hotels, restaurants, and stores. The Fair was an important occasion to explore Cuba’s potential to attract tourists from all over the world. The large number of tourists that was expected to come from the United States in 2019 is currently decreasing, notably due to the new sanctions imposed by the US administration. As a result, Cuban tourism authorities will rely on both its traditional partners, such as the European and Canadian tourism markets, as well as on nontraditional partners, such as China and Russia. In particular, Russia will be the focus country for next year’s FITCuba 2020, which will be held in Varadero.

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Picture: The Minister of Tourism of Cuba, Manuel Marrero Cruz, and the Spanish Minister of Industry, Trade and Tourism, Reyes Maroto, during the ribbon cut of FITCuba 2019. Photography: M. De Lara.

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Buenos Aires a green city of art, flavours and passion Buenos Aires, the stylish and cosmopolitan capital of Argentina, has been a dream for millions of Europeans, mostly Italians, but also Spaniards, Germans, and French, as well as for a great number of South American people. Buenos Aires is also home to the world’s seventh-largest Jewish community, the largest in Latin America, with Jews starting to arrive in the country as early as 16th century. Big waves of migration from Europe came before and after the great wars, when people moved to the southernmost part of America to start a new life. Such migrations are still happening today, and it is not rare to find freshly arrived Italian couples relocating in town. Bookstores of old and new volumes, from the illustrious Ateneo to small stalls on the sidewalk, open until 2am, are everywhere in commercial areas and neighbourhoods. Argentina is the leading country in the world for printing Spanish books, it is the biggest editorial market in Latin America, and the leading host of bookstores as compared to any other place in the world. Also, restaurants and cafes are always open, allowing you to decide whether to go for dinner at 11pm or to take a drink after midnight. It is up to you to decide if it is late night or early morning, and people coming from parties blend with people going to work every day in the vibrant streets of Buenos Aires.

What a town! The indescribable Buenos Aires is a mix of Italian traditions, in a French style city, with Spanish-speaking people. Large avenues lined with 19th century buildings, large sidewalks and big parks covered by old big trees and flowers, plazas with fountains and marble statues, thousands of boutiques and unique stores selling own designs, from bags to clothing, from footwear and children outfits to fourrures, giving the impression that store chains do not exist here, leaving space to a sense of fashion, particularity and uniqueness at every step.

Buenos Aires is also rich in theaters of different kinds, from the Teatro Colón, a grand 1908 opera house with 2,500 seats, to small theaters for 20 or 30 people. Over 287 theaters, both modern and classical, are scattered around the city: ballets, operas, dramas, cinemas, classical theater, avant-garde or Broadway-style performances run full-house in downtown Buenos Aires and in the theater district on Corrientes Avenue, Abasto, Palermo, San Telmo, as well as in many other areas of the city.

Antique open markets and cafes with musicians, gelaterias making their own ice cream, pasta fresca, local wine, football and polo games, people dancing in parks, or in cafes, or in a milonga, big tables with the extended familiy, including up to four generations, enjoying the traditional asado or milanesas; all these things give to the visitor the strange impression of being in an old European city, with a Latin American passion for life. Roaming around Buenos Aires’ traditional neighbourhoods and sampling its great food and diverse arts and cultural experiences is a lifetime experience. Not only Buenos Aires hosts over 160 museums and more football stadiums than any other city in the world, but the city is also the birthplace of acclaimed literary titan Jorge Luis Borges, as well as of tango. The city’s dance halls, bars and nightclubs are open every day of the week. Tango is much more than a dance: it is a way of dress, of moving, of walking, it is profound music, it is a way of life. And all of this is expressed in Buenos Aires. Declared an Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity by UNESCO, tango is deeply embedded in Argentina’s cultural identity.

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China’s Pearl River Delta growing together: Greater Bay Area China’s emerging metropolitan region around the Pearl River Delta continues to merge: the two special administrative regions Hong Kong and Macao together with nine municipalities of Chinas most populated Province Guangdong jointly form the “Greater Bay Area”. The consolidation of the three regions to one large economic hub is part of the infrastructure milestones the Chinese government is pursuing in conjunction with the Road and Belt initiative. As this cooperation also encompasses the tourism sector, the three partners showcased their first-ever joint presence at ITB Berlin last March.

CITIES UNITED BY INFRASTRUCTURAL MEGA PROJECTS

Core of the new infrastructure improvements in the Greater Bay Area is the 55 kilometres long bridge, connecting Hong Kong, Macao and Zhuhai. The world’s longest sea bridge reduces the travelling time from Hong Kong airport on Lantau Island to Zhuhai to 45 minutes from four hours previously needed. The new route includes one tunnel and several bridging elements. It is about 20 times the length of the Golden Gate Bridge in San Francisco. Another milestone is the completion of the Hong Kong Section of the GuangzhouShenzhen-Hong Kong Express Rail Link, connecting the Hong Kong train network to the one in Mainland China. Travel time from the newly built Hong Kong Kowloon West station to Guangzhou North was halved to 48 minutes. Together with the new Liantang/Heung Yuen Wai Boundary Control Point, connecting Hong Kong and Shenzhen, the new sea bridge and the Express Rail Link form an “one-hour living circle” between Guangdong Province, Hong Kong and Macao, laying a solid foundation for the development of the Greater Bay Area. The new border control point, including new highways and overpasses, is set to open this year.

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CHINAS ECONOMIC DRIVER TO FLOURISH

The Greater Bay Area offers the largest worldwide network of airports and seaports. Almost 70 Million inhabitants live in the Pearl River Delta – about five percent of the Chinese population. At present about twelve percent of the annual GDP of the People’s Republic of China is generated here on 0.6 percent of Chinas land mass. The plan foresees an even bigger increase.

NEW CHANCES FOR TOURISM

A major focus for international markets lies in the development of multi-destination travel packages. For this, the respective unique selling points and existing resources are to be matched, harmonized and jointly promoted. A “144 hours Convenient Visa” is already enabling tourists an easy border crossing from Hong Kong or Macao to Guangdong. The cruise industry is also looking with great interest into developments in the Pearl River Delta, as the region offers multiple appealing ports of calls within a short distance.

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Photography: The Embassy of Bulgaria in The Hague.

THE BULGARIAN CITY OF PLOVDIV WAS NAMED “EUROPEAN CAPITAL OF CULTURE 2019”

Plovdiv – one of the oldest continuously inhabited cities in Europe, which is also the second largest city in Bulgaria, integrates an abundance of cultural events, a well-developing business sector and a rich history. With its striking cultural heritage, architecture and archeology it takes its visitors on a journey back in time.

A variety of entertainment events awaits the guests of Plovdiv-Bulgaria European Capital of Culture 2019 Populated successively by Thracian, Romans, Byzantines, Slavs and Bulgarians, Plovdiv is currently a cosmopolitan city – a home of different nationalities, cultures and religions. The heart of Plovdiv is the famous Old town the most picturesque part of the city with quite an impressive architecture. The jewel of the Old town is the Ancient theatre, built in the 1st century A.D. and one of the best preserved in the world. Another ancient treasure of Plovdiv is the Bishop Basilica and the roman mosaic of Philipoppolis from V-VI century. The longest pedestrian zone in Europe is also located in Plovdiv and it includes everyone’s favorite – the creative art district Kapana. The fascinating Plovdiv is a must see town in your bucket list. Plovdiv is celebrating its year in the spotlight with a reach programme of nearly 500 cultural events, which will enable you to enjoy quality music performed live by world-famous artists as well as delicious food, fascinating exhibitions and diverse spectacles. A delicious complement to the plethora of music events like the successful Opera Opera and Festival Hills of Rock, will be Plovdiv Jazz Fest, which will take place in November 2019. This international festival brings together the best performers of the genre and immerses the audience in this type of culture. In addition to the main programme, there are various attendant events – craft workshops, jam sessions, exhibitions. A prestigious award for overall contribution to jazz music and a Youth Competition have also been set up. With so much music, it would be impossible to miss out on dance. Love Swing Dance Festival will take place from 26th to 29th of September. In parallel to that – from September 19th to October 13th – ONE DANCE WEEK 2019 will be held. The festival will present the

most significant performers in the field of contemporary dance practices from Europe, Asia and America. NIGHT/Plovdiv is one of the most prominent annual city initiatives. This year it will be held from September 13th to 15th. More than 100 participants will join in and an extensive and diverse programme of events will be held in over 70 different spots in the city. NIGHT also offers a free entry to museums, galleries, the workshops of Plovdiv artists, cultural institutions, community centers, reading clubs as well as many open spaces. In 2019 NIGHT will incorporate specially designed projects by authors from Germany, Sweden, Austria Turkey, France, Israel, the USA and other countries as well as many initiatives developed in partnership with the cultural institutes inside the country. The youngest viewers will also be catered to: the programme ‘The Small NIGHT’ will be especially designed for them. The Week of Contemporary Art is also a large-scale international exhibition project with an over 20-year-old history and content of the highest standard of quality. In 2019, the Week of Contemporary Art will be held from September 1st to October 1st. Plovdiv – the European Capital of Culture 2019 is already welcoming its guests with a wide range of events, meeting places and breath-taking views. With some appetizing food and Thracian wine, you will get a taste of the contemporary feel of a Bohemian life. You can enjoy unique cuisine, including a number of food festivals, influenced by the many cultures that live in harmony under the Plovdiv hills. More about the programme you can find on the website of Plovdiv 2019 Foundation (www.plovdiv2019.eu) and the official pages of the initiative on social media platforms.

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Uzbekistan more than one reason to visit By Dr. Eugenio Matos G. Photography: Thiago Macedo.

When deciding where to spend your holidays for a feeling of a surge of positive emotions and vivid expressions, for a touch of the East and having pleasure of its exquisite beauty, Uzbekistan is the place to go. This is where one can take a look for an abound of delightful discoveries. Major cities of Uzbekistan are known as the pearls of the “Great Silk Road”, travel destinations and cities that have absorbed all the singularity and unique beauty of the East. It allows one to be transformed back into the atmosphere of a medieval city, from people that made history. The territory of Uzbekistan was part of the oldest and the most prominent civilizations and empires, such as the Khorezm, the Sogdiana, the GrecoBactrian, Kushan Kingdom, the Empire of Alexander the Great and Tamerlane.

March of the Living Kraków, Republic of Poland: US State Department despatched its very first ambassadorial delegation to the “March of the Living”, an annual Holocaust commemoration in May in Poland. The Trump administration sent a sizeable delegation, led by U.S. Ambassador to Israel David Friedman, who was joined by: Ambassador Georgette Mosbacher [to Poland]; Ambassador Richard Grenell [to Germany]; Ambassador Callista Gingrich [to DIPLOMAT MAGAZINE #10

Tashkent, the Capital city, is called the “Star of the East”, combining modernity and antiquity that goes back to 2200 years, now the biggest business and cultural center of the region. The most well known historical monument in Taschkent is Kukerdash Madrassh, build in the 16th century during the rule of the Uabek Shaybanid sultans- Barak Khan and Dervish Khan. The Savitsky Museum in Nakus has more than 90,000 exhibits with the world’s second largest collection of Russian avant-garde pieces and arts of Uzbekistan. But there is a particular venue that visitors cannot miss. Go to a bazaar (public market) to feel the real beat of Uzbeks people, to better understand its customs and traditions and above all, Uzbekistan’s national products. Traditionally, an oriental bazaar also serves as a modern supermarket, social club for communication amongst local and foreigners, source for latest news, to open a business and indeed, a main entertainment centre. The best one is Chorsu bazaar, not only the largest but also the oldest of the city. They are popular since the time of the Great Silk Road that passed through Tashkent. This bazaar is located at the heart of the Old City. One must

the Holy See]; Ambassador Ed McMullen [to Switzerland and Liechtenstein]; Ambassador Duke Buchan [to Spain]; Special Envoy for Monitoring and Combating Antisemitism Elan Carr as well as the Chairman of the Commission for the Preservation of America’s Heritage Abroad Paul Packer. The March of the Living is a procession from the infamous gate holding the engraved slogan “Arbeit macht frei” of the Auschwitz concentration camp to the entrance of the Birkenau death camp, three kilometers away. The march includes Holocaust survivors and their families, as well as youth groups, civil society organisations as well as government officials — usually from Poland and Israel.

walk inside the turquoise dome where a variety of spices, fruits, vegetables, traditional carpets, arts and crafts are sold, besides its impressive fish, meat market and typical restaurants. A cab can take you there from main hotels in Tashkent for less than three euros, unless you take a Metro to get even a much better deal. Similarly if you go to the City of Samarkand, a perfect oriental bazaar to never forget. Visiting Samarkand and not paying a visit to Siab bazaar means missing one of the most interesting adventures of the region. If you are part of an organised excursion, ask your guide for a brake on the agenda, the change is worthy. The oriental market is a special place where you can go back to ancient times. Even thus few people speak English in Uzbekistan, they are widely open to “communicate”and help foreigners. They are extremely friendly. Although bazaars might not represent a prime hot-spot at first glance, they are one of the most interesting and ancient must see sights. In addition, and take this for granted, Uzbekistan is by far one of the 10th most safest countries in the world!

diplomatIC EVENTS Albeit a rather sombre occasion, the March of the Living likewise celebrates the continuity of Jewish life, and the success of the State of Israel, in defiance of those who sought to extinguish the Jewish people during the Second World War, and those who continue to do thus.

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Portugal Awarded “World’s Leading Tourist Destination” By Catherine van der Loos.

During a gala black tie event held in the Pátio da Galéon western side of the Comércio Square in Lisbon, Portugal was honored with the“World’s Leading Tourist Destination 2018” award by the World Travel Awards. The event, one of the world’s most prestigious tourism and travel events in the industry, marked the end of the organization’s Silver Jubilee Grand Tour. During the awards ceremony, Turismo de Portugal received two “World Travel Awards.” The first was the “World’s Leading Tourist Board 2018”and the second was for the “World’s Leading Tourism Authority Website 2018.” A complete list of both the “World” and “European” awards presented to Portugal, the Portuguese Ministry of Tourism, Portugal, a country with approximately 10.5 million inhabitants, welcomed some 12.7 million visitors in 2017. The figures set a new record which significantly contributed to the nation’s strongest economic growth since 2000. Revenues from Portugal’s tourism and travel related industries account for nearly 10% of the country’s GDP, which expanded by 2.7% in 2018 to a 17 year high. Last year, Portugal was also recognized as the “The friendliest country in the world for expats” in an Inter-Nations survey which was widely reported in the media last spring. With the summer vacation ahead, now is an opportune time to plan a trip to Portugal. The country enjoys an average of 300 days and 3,000 hours of sunshine per year and the flight time to the sun is just under three hours!

Alentejo, a geographically diverse and sparsely populated area about the size of Belgium, comprises nearly one third of the country’s land area on the Iberian peninsula and has just 750,000 inhabitants. It begins just 180 km south of Lisbon and can best be explored by rental car over a period of days. Some of Europe’s finest beaches, still largely unknown to outsiders, are to be found along Alentejo’s wild Vincentina Coast. Évora, settled during the Roman times, is the capital of Alentejo and is known as the ”Museum city.” The historic city center is a UNESCO World Heritage Site. The district extends from the west, to the plains of Evora and beyond to the picturesque village of Monsaraz overlooking Alqueva Lake. It was created by an arch dam, completed in 2002, on the River Guadiana. The Alqueva Dam provides both recreational opportunities for water sports and much needed water for irrigated crops, including vast plantings of new vineyards. Portugal’s border with Spain also runs through parts of one of Europe’s largest artificial lakes, which is also known to the Portuguese as “El Grande Lago.” In recognition, the World’s Leading Tourist Destination 2018 having been awarded to Portugal, we will be publishing a series of articles, to showcase the varied offerings for cultural, historic, active, religious, gastronomical, adventure and family tourism in the world’s friendliest country for expats – Portugal! https://www.worldtravelawards.com/ https://www.worldtravelawards.com/winners/2018/world

10 years International Chamber Music Festival

Wassenaar a MUST for music lovers

By John Dunkelgrün. Photography: John Dunkelgrün.

About 11 years ago the originally Romanian violinist Irina Simon-Renes developed the idea of an international chamber music festival in Wassenaar. This green and leafy town next to The Hague (please don’t call it a suburb!) is home to many people with strong cultural interests, but it lacked a good classical music program. Irina herself is a well-known violinist, who gives master classes and has performed with major international orchestra’s and at the famous Prinsengracht Festival in Amsterdam. In a town like Wassenaar with many excellent smaller venues, a chamber music event seemed the most appropriate to her.

Irina has many contacts in the music world and so, in 2010 the International Chamber Music Festival was born, of which she has been the artistic director for the initial ten years. From the beginning the emphasis has been on getting internationally renowned musicians such as the famous Georgian violinist Lisa Batiashvili and Dutch-Maltese conductor Lawrence Renes, as well as musicians from the Berlin Philharmonic Orchestra and the Royal Concertgebouw Orchestra to perform in a local environment. By now the ICMF has deservedly gained a strong place in the Dutch classical music calendar. The musicians perform predominantly out of friendship and the organisation consists entirely of volunteers. It is funded by private donations in order to keep the tickets affordable. Making good music accessible to children has been an important goal of the festival and every year there is a special day for families with children, as well as special projects with the local schools. For this special anniversary year, Irina joined forces with the new chairman of the ICMF board Annebeth Webb, until recently a violinist with the Concertgebouw Orchestra. Together they arranged a fabulous program, which included a concert in a senior home in Wassenaar, a festive concert in Kasteel Duivenvoorde, a tango evening on the beach on the birthday of Queen Maxima and a family concert in Kasteel Oud Wassenaar with François Poulenc’s musical story of the elephant Babar. Traditionally the main event is the concert in the Dorpskerk in the center of old Wassenaar. This year conductor Lawrence Renes directed a performance which includes Mahler’s first symphony and “Lieder eines fahrenden Gesellen” as well as the world premiere of Thomas Beijer’s “Ouverture Simon-Renes”. There was a veritable line-up of top musicians like Swedish baritone Karl-Magnus Fredriksson, soloists of the Royal Concertgebouw Orchestra, the Bavarian Radio Orchestra and the Lucerne Festival Orchestra among many others.

Budapest

diplomatTourism&culture

the Paris of the East Photography: Maikel van de Wiel.

Budapest, the capital of Hungary, is often referred to as “the Paris of the East”. If you are planning to visit this beautiful city, here is a piece of advice for you: profit from the precious tips of Anna Balazs. Anna is an expert organizer of trips to Hungary. Since Wizzair Airlines started to link Hungary to the Netherlands, Anna, who has been living in the Netherlands for 25 years, started to specialize in the organization of visits to the Hungarian capital, especially for adult visitors. Anna’s approach is based on customizing the visit to each visitor’s needs. Ahead of the trip, the visitor schedules an appointment with her, allowing her to know each one’s personal preferences. “I like to discover what people like to do, from biking to go to the Opera House, from wine tasting and restaurants to museums and shopping” – Anna says. On her website (www.naarbudapest.nl), Anna provides customized lists of tips for different types of holiday. “To do” things for an active holiday, for instance, include walking, running, and cycling tours, hikes outside the city, as well as playing golf and attending music festivals. For a more relaxing holiday, Anna advises instead to profit from the thermal baths, to enjoy Hungarian food and drinks in specific restaurants or parks, to enjoy performances at the Opera House, and to explore the city with carts and boats. Anna’s apartment is located close to Budapest’s center, ten minutes from downtown. “This allows to experience Budapest from a local perspective” – she notes – “Going to the local bakery and taking a coffee before getting to the touristic area: this is a unique experience and it makes a short trip more relaxing. You can be a tourist in a local and Hungarian way, the taste is much different”. Anna also helps her guests by providing insider tips for local restaurants, including for instance a local bakery and a breakfast restaurant located on the ground floor of the apartment’s building. Moreover, she organizes cooking workshops in proximity of the apartment. Anna’s organizational skills are impeccable. Consulting the calendar, she can spot special activities happening during your time in Budapest. There is no need for you to check travel books or look for information, most of them not so relevant for short stays. Anna can help you with this. Moreover, while several Hungarian websites are in Hungarian only, Anna’s website is both in English and in Dutch. As an experienced trip organizer, Anna is also extremely reliable. She is reachable at any time and for any kind of tips, including on shops’ opening hours, or where to buy a specific souvenir, or where to eat the best goulash in town. Moreover, she also provides a taxi in case, during short stays, you might want to go directly to certain places. If you are willing to visit Budapest, we can already give you a few tips, advising you not to miss some key highlights such as including the Gellert SPA, the Danube boat tours, the famous Opera House, and the Great Market Hall. However, if you want a full, customized experience, please do get in touch with Anna!

Anna Balazs www.naarbudapest.nl info@naarbudapest.nl

DIPLOMAT MAGAZINE #10

diplomatIC EVENTS

nationaldays

Iran celebrates the 40th anniversary of the Islamic Revolution A new Persian language global network for Iranians at home and across the world By Guido Lanfranchi. Photography: Pixabay.

The United States Agency for Global Media is launching VOA 365, a 24x7 Persian language global network to better reach out to Iranians all over the world. As the tensions between the United States and Iran remain high, the U.S. Agency for Global Media is set to launch a new initiative, VOA 365, a 24x7 Persian language global network aimed at providing information to Iranians living in their country as well as abroad. “Given the dynamic political situation, it’s more important than ever that Iranian citizens get the facts about U.S. positions, responsible analysis and discussion about important developments bilaterally and regionally” – USAGM Director Mr. John Lansig said. This new initiative is set to build upon the current activities of VOA Persian and RFE/ RL Radio Farda. These two networks already have a measured weekly audience of over 23%, and the majority of this audience does trust the information relayed by these channels – Mr. Lansig said, also explaining how the interned freedom tools provided by USAGM allow Iranian citizens to “circumvent Iranian government censorship”. The content broadcasted by the VOA 365 network will be organized around four pillars: news and information, long form talk debate, programs on culture and science, and breaking news coverage of U.S. news. The network will take advantage of all platforms available and, differently from previous initiatives, it will target not only people living in Iran, but all Persian speaking people across the world, thus including the large diaspora communities of Iranians. Mr. Lansig also stressed that, while the U.S. Under Secretary for Public Diplomacy is represented in the board of directors of USAGM, the Agency is “by law and by statute protected from any government interference”.

By Guido Lanfranchi

Iranians at home and all around the world recently celebrated the 40th anniversary of the Islamic Revolution and the establishment of the Islamic Republic of Iran. In the Netherlands, the Iranian Embassy organized a reception at Kasteel de Wittenburg in Wassenaar, where the Embassy’s staff celebrated this important anniversary together with the diplomatic community. Forty years ago, in 1979, the Iranian people decided to rise against the oppressive rule of the Shah, Mohammed Reza Pahlavi, and to establish in its place the Islamic Republic of Iran. Four decades later, in 2019 Iranians have celebrated the fortieth anniversary of the Islamic Revolution. On February 11th, the Iranian Embassy in the Netherlands decided to celebrate this anniversary with its partners of the diplomatic community, who gathered in Kasteel de Wittenburg responding to the invitation by Ambassador Dr. Alireza Jahangiri. The guests included a large number of Ambassadors, diplomats, Dutch officials and representative of several international organizations based in The Hague. The formal celebration started with the speech of the Iranian Ambassador, who recalled the significance of Iran’s Islamic Revolution. Dr. Jahangiri noted that since 1979 Iran “followed the principles of respect for the right of other nations, standing against oppression, aggression, corruption, tyranny, arrogance and external interference in the fate of nations.” Ambassador Jahangiri also stressed the hardship suffered by Iran since the Revolution, while at the same time praising his country’s resilience in overcoming any challenge. Talking about Iran’s role in the Middle East, Ambassador Jahangiri underlined the constructive regional role of Iran, praising the country’s non-aggressive regional policy and its attachment to “constructive dialogue and multilateral engagement, based on the principles of equality and respect”. Dr. Jahangiri also praised the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action, the deal reached by Iran and six world powers on Iran’s nuclear development. However, he regretted that “the balance in the agreement is disappeared”: while Iran has been in compliance of the agreement, the United States has disattended its obligations, and the European partners have not managed to fulfil their duties. During his speech, the Ambassador also praised the bilateral relationship between Iran and the Netherlands. He specifically praised the mutual visits by high-ranking officials from both sides, hoping for an even tighter cooperation in the year to come, including in the domain of economic interaction. Finally, while thanking all those involved in the organization of the celebration, Ambassador Jahangiri announced that this National Day ceremony would be the last for him as the Iranian Ambassador to the Netherlands. In his concluding remarks, he expressed his gratitude to the Dutch Ministry of Foreign Affairs and to the whole diplomatic community of the Netherlands, thanking everyone for their “wholehearted cooperation and friendship.” After welcoming the Ambassador’s speech with an applause, the guests enjoyed an intermezzo of traditional Iranian music, followed by a large set of Persian dishes prepared for the occasion. At the moment of leaving the reception, all the guests greeted Ambassador Jahangiri and his wife Maryam, at times exchanging the last goodbyes ahead of the Ambassador’s departure.

Philippines Flavours Dinner By Roy Lie Atjam. Photography: Hester Dijkstra.

Every month Hotel Crowne Plaza The Hague, organize a Food Festival in cooperation with an Embassy. This time around it was the Embassy of the Philippines that showcase Philippines Flavours from Friday 21 June to Sunday 23 June. As stated above, Filipino cuisine was in the limelight, customers had the opportunity to enjoy dishes prepared by the two renowned chefs: Chef Maite Hontiveros-Dittke; Dusseldorf Germany and Chef Tani Morabe Amsterdam. Along with Crowne Plaza’s Chef Sido de Brabander. The chefs use authentic ingredients form the various regions of the Philippines archipelago.

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Ambassador Jaime Victor Ledda of the Philippines accompanied by his wife Gina Ledda and a group of invitees inaugurated Philippines Flavours weekend 2019 with dinner. Featuring on the menu were top Filipino dishes such as Lumpiang Sariwa, chicken sisig flakes. The main dish was Beef Adobo, braised short ribs in Mama Sita’s cane vinegar. Dessert Biko and much more. Many customers came around over the weekend to sample the gorgeous Filipino flavours. It is not the first time Ambassador Jaime V Ledda, an advocate of Filipino cuisine organize a food event. He did so two years ago with a project named “KULINARYA” at several locations in The Hague. The Philippines Flavours weekend 2019 has been a tremendous success. H.E. Jaime Victor Ledda and Gina Ledda.

70th Republic Day of India at Nieuwe Kerk By By Anton Lutter.

The exhibition Buddha’s Life, Path to the Present provided the backdrop of the 70th Republic Day of India reception at the Nieuwe Kerk in Amsterdam. Objects from the third century until 2018 could be enjoyed by a fully packed church - including the guests of honor the Kings Commissioner of Drenthe Mrs. Jetta Klijnsma and the Mayor of Utrecht Mr. Jan van Zanen - all guests of H.E. Venu Rajamony, Ambassador of India to the Kingdom of the Netherlands In his speech the ambassador mentioned the strong relations between his country and The Netherlands: “2018 has been an action-packed year. Since last January, Prime Minister Mark Rutte visited India

accompanied by four senior Ministers, the Mayor of The Hague and the largest ever trade delegation comprising around 130 companies. Prime Minister Rutte’s visit was quickly followed by a visit to India by Queen Máxima in her capacity as UN Secretary General’s Special Advocate for Inclusive Finance for Development. Two senior Ministers from India, the Minister for Food Processing and the Minister for Traditional Indian Medicine and Yoga visited the Netherlands. Mr. Menno Snel, State Secretary for Finance just returned to the Netherlands from a visit to India”. The Mayor of Utrecht - who had visited India before - noted that “This friendship started almost 400 years ago. On the west coast of India, Dutch merchants closed an important pepper trade deal with an Indian ruler. And shortly after that, they opened a trade office. I am curious what their first impressions of India were. I could try to make a guess… The colours, the perfumes, the music, the fascinating people… it must have been a different, exciting and an enchanting, new world of many impressions to the visitors from Holland”. The exhibition on Buddha inspired Mr. Rajamony to highlight the importance of Buddhism to the people of India. In his speech he noted that “Siddhārtha Gautama or The Buddha, ladies and gentlemen,

DIPLOMAT MAGAZINE #10

is amongst the greatest of India’s children. Buddhism is believed to be the fourth largest religion in the world with a following of around 520 million. The religion took birth in India somewhere between the 6th to 4th centuries before the Christian era and then rapidly spread to other parts of Asia. Many of you would be familiar with the rich art and culture associated with Buddhism which can be seen in India and many other countries. A sample awaits you as part of the exhibition. What is perhaps less known outside India is the major role and influence Gautama Buddha and his teachings had on the founding of our nation, our vision of the world and the Constitution whose adoption we celebrate today as Republic Day. Needless to say, the father of our nation, Mahatma Gandhi also drew direct inspiration from the teachings of the Buddha for his philosophy of nonviolence”. After mayor Jan van Zanen’s speech the ambassador invited all the guests to a lavish dinner which showcased the great culinary tradition of India. Next to the many distinguished guests from the diplomatic corps and the Indian business community in The Netherlands we noticed amongst others the former Queen’s Commissioner of Limburg Berend-Jan baron van Voorst tot Voorst and the former Minister of Justice Uri Rosenthal.

The Ambassador of India, His Excellency Mr. Venu Rajamony and the mayor of Utrecht, Mr. Jan van Zanen. Photography: The Embassy of India.

diplomatIC EVENTS

nationaldays

Indonesia Cultural Promotion Event By Roy Lie Atjam. Photography: Embassy of Indonesia.

The Embassy of the Republic of Indonesia put on a unique cultural promotion event at the official residence’s gardens in Wassenaar late June. It was an authentic West Java Sundanese Wedding Procession. Hundreds of invitees including representatives from over twenty Embassies in the Netherlands turn out to be eyewitness of this extraordinary cultural spectacle. The lawns of the Residence of H.E. Ambassador I Gusti Agung Wesaka Puja served as a backdrop for the occasion. The event started with a very charming and colorful Sundanese Peacock Dance. The wedding ceremony proper consisted of various segments, a Saweran procession in which the bride and groom and the in laws had a part to play. The couple was outfitted in typical Sundanese attire. Ambassador I Gusti Agung Wesaka Puja addressed the guests expressing his hopes that this event would promote the richness of Indonesian culture and will improve the people to people contact between the two countries. Featuring on the program was a quiz session, sundanese dances: hanoman dance and arak-arakan, a party with the opportunity to dance. The evening concluded with an exquisite West Java/ Sundanese dinner buffet consisting of empal gentong, sambal, liwet teri rice, pesmol fish, fried chicken, fresh vegetables, karedok and bakwan lumpur adorned with crispy Indonesian crackers.

The 60th Anniversary of The Triumph of The Cuban Revolution Roy Lie Atjam. photography: Hester Dijkstra.

The Hague, January 18, 2019. The Republic of Cuba, co-sponsored by the Diplomat Magazine, celebrated the 60th anniversary of the Revolution. The Crowne Plaza Hotel was filled to capacity as hundreds of people of all walks of life made their way to the event to congratulate H.E. Soraya Avarez on this momentous day. H.E. Soraya Avarez welcomed her guests with this message: “We are much honored with all those present and we are grateful for joining us in this special commemoration, the celebration of the 60th Anniversary of the Triumph of the Cuban Revolution. (…) The occasion is propitious to recognize the good state of bilateral relations between Cuba and the Kingdom of the Netherlands, which will celebrate this year the 117th anniversary of our diplomatic relations, besides to ratify the willingness to continue strengthening friendship and collaboration for the benefit of our peoples. I would like to especially thank and highlight the sustained support of the Government of the Kingdom of the Netherlands with its vote against the economic, commercial and financial blockade imposed against Cuba. I take this opportunity to reaffirm with pride and enthusiasm the determination that guides the Cuban people to build an increasingly socialist, democratic, prosperous and sustainable society.

Cuba deeply thanks all those friends around the world, who have given us their support and who continue to do so, defying many adversities”. Besides the cordial welcome by the Ambassador, there was Cuban food, beverages (mojito) and Cuban music and dance. The Cuban dance Trio “Salsa de pichón” put on a dazzling show while the Rafael Calá dancers also added to the excellent Caribe ambience and the Muñecón “La Cubana” mingled with the many guests, making it a fabulous 60th anniversary of the Cuban Revolution.

By Sheila Turabaz.

Kuwait’s Vibrant and Thriving Contemporary Art Scene The exhibition was organized in collaboration with the Kuwait Arts Association. The association was founded in 1967 with the aim of supporting, celebrating and promoting Kuwaiti contemporary artists worldwide. The association considers art “to be one of the most important tributaries of culture” (…) “radiating aesthetic sense and expression of the human dimensions of authentic values”. According to Abdul Rasoul Salman, President of the Kuwait Arts Association and President of the Union of Arab Arts “these endeavours (by the contemporary Kuwaiti artists) are an invitation to merge cultural heritage and sensory inspiration (…) to codify a contemporary take on the psychological and intellectual dimensions of the humans of the region (…)”. Kuwait has the oldest contemporary art movement in the Arabian Pensinsula, emerging in the 1930s. It is also the first country in the Gulf area to grant art scholarships. The country’s capital, Kuwait City, is home to one of the most prominent and thriving art scenes in the Gulf area, with over 30 galleries focused on promoting local artists.

The Kuwaiti Ambassador to the Kingdom of the Netherlands, H.E. Mr. Abdul Rahman Al-Otaibi’s enthusiasm and pride could be felt in the tone of his speech in which he stated that “the organization of such a cultural exhibition which highlights the role of Kuwaiti artists, will contribute positively to highlighting (the civilization) of the State of Kuwait through its cultural heritage and will enable the Dutch community to gain a positive understanding of the culture of Kuwaiti society and allow it to have a closer look at a part of Kuwait’s cultural heritage”. Furthermore, the Ambassador emphasized the importance of organizing such an art exhibition by stating that “this will have a great effect on exchanging cultural knowledge between the artists of the two countries as well as opening new horizons for cultural cooperation in the near future” while adding that the aim is “to achieve a common understanding of the value of art in establishing human relations among peoples”.

nationaldays

A national day reception serves as the perfect occasion to showcase a country’s culture in all its glory. The Kuwaiti embassy is no exception in this regard. On the 21st of February, the embassy celebrated its National Day and Liberation Day as well as 55 years of diplomatic relations between the State of Kuwait and the Kingdom of the Netherlands, or as they refer to it as “55 years of friendship”, with a rich and diverse art exhibition at the Grand Hotel Amrâth Kurhaus, where they showcased the work of 25 Kuwaiti contemporary artists. The Kuwaiti artists who were invited to exhibit their work all made use of different materials, techniques and subjects. Lively paintings, intricate ceramic art, sculptures and impressive photographs were all put on display, offering viewers an intriguing glimpse of the Kuwaiti art scene. The creative thought process of these artists is influenced by society, the country and its people. Through a lens of their own emotions, their art is shaped and coloured accordingly. The Embassy of Kuwait and the Kuwait Arts Association invited the following Kuwaiti contemporary artists to participate in the exhibition: Mr. Abdulrasoul Ibrahim, Ms. Zulaikha Al-Qabandi, Ms. Amira Ashkanani, Mr. Abdullah Al-Rashed, Mr. Abdullah Al-Otaibi, Ms. Zeenab Dashti, Ms. Tahani Alkhurafi, Ms. Mai Alnour, Mr. Mahmoud Al-Qattan, Mr. Mohammad Al-Bahar, Ms. Atared Althaqeb, Ms. Jamila Salem, Ms. Hana Al-Beloushi, Ms. Hanouf Almonaifi, Ms. Basmah Al-Saif, Ms. Athar Al-Ansari, Mr. Mohammad Al-Azemi, Ms. Fatemah Ibrahim, Mr. Abdulaziz Mubarak, Mr. Jawad Al-Najjar, Ms. Muna Al-Shafei, Mr. Ali Sulaiman, Mr. Ahmad Al-Hussaini, Ms. Mona Eyadah,Mr. Yousef Ayada.

Argentina National Day H.E. Mr. Hector Horacio Salvador, Ambassador of Argentina and his wife Jane Berger de Salvador celebrated with a crowd of more than two hundred guests, the National day of the Argentine Republic, on May 23. The Argentineans commemorated the May Revolution that in 1810, marked the beginning of the liberation of South America from Spain. The Argentinean celebration has been for many years the reception of the season that sets itself apart and to prove it, the gardens of the impressive residence are always at their best to receive the many friends of Argentina with music, traditional cuisine and finest Argentinean wine. DIPLOMAT MAGAZINE #10

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AFTER 24 HOURS OF CHINESE INSTRUCTION AT KICKSTART SCHOOL, YOU WILL: • have a good grasp of pronunciation and the tonal system • know about pinyin • be able to recognise Basic characters • have an idea of how to build up and write a character • have an idea of the basic grammar • be able to tell Chinese speakers about family relations and tell your age • be able to make appointments with people (time, clock, numbers, days, months) • know how to meet and greet Chinese speakers • be able to ask the price in shops, talk about money, and count Contact Kickstart School today to find out how to get started on your Chinese language journey. We can also provide

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diplomatic events

European justice meets Romanian culture at Eurojust By Guido Lanfranchi. Photography: Kim Vermaat.

Eurojust opened its headquarters to host a socio-cultural event at the crossroads of justice priorities, art, culture, and gastronomy. The event, co-organized by Eurojust and the Romanian Presidency of the Council of the European Union, showcased the beauty of the Romanian culture, as well as Eurojust’s precious achievements. Eurojust headquarters in The Hague might be used to host law enforcement experts, member states’ prosecutors, or even high-level political figures. Yet, on March 21st the organization’s premises looked different than in other days, as Eurojust prepared to host an unprecedented socio-cultural event, in collaboration with the Romanian Presidency of the Council of the European Union. For an afternoon, Eurojust’s premises would be not just a workplace, but rather a crossroad between judicial cooperation, art, culture, and gastronomy. Once the main hall had been filled by large groups of incoming guests, the organizers kicked off the official part of the event with their introductory remarks. Mr. Ladislav

Hamran, President of Eurojust, was the first one to take the floor introducing the event’s motto of “justice meets culture”, President Hamran showcased to the audience a tangible result of the intersection between these two worlds: a historical relic, a frame dating back to the times of Marcus Aurelius, stolen in 2002 in Romania and recently recovered thanks to the cooperation between member states’ judicial authorities and Eurojust. H.E. Mrs. Brândușa Predescu, Ambassador of Romania in the Netherlands, took the floor right after Mr. Hamran, echoing his words of praise for the cooperation between Eurojust and the Embassy. In her remarks, the Ambassador stressed the importance of cooperation among European member states across different domains, including those of judiciary and culture, and concluded by inviting the guests to enjoy the typical Romanian art, music, and food featured in the event. The Ambassador’s speech was followed by the remarks of Ms. Daniela Buruiană, Romania’s National Member at Eurojust, who stressed the importance of cooperation among states in the field of judiciary. Ms. Buruiană then introduced a keynote guest, Mr. Augustin Lazăr, the Romanian General Prosecutor, widely known for his contribution to judicial

Ms. Daniela Buruiană, Romania’s National Member at Eurojust, Ambassdor Predescu and Mr. Augustin Lazăr, the Romanian General Prosecutor, at Eurojust

DIPLOMAT MAGAZINE #10

cases concerning artworks and historical relics. Mr. Lazăr recalled Eurojust’s significance as the “first supranational prosecutor’s office authority in history”, also praising the contribution of Romanian professor Vespasian V. Pella in setting the spark for the creation of contemporary institutions such as Eurojust and the International Criminal Court. The stage was taken by a trio of talented Romanian musicians, with Ms. Tereza Catarov at the voice, Mr. George Dumitru at the guitar, and Mr. Alex Simu at the clarinet, the trio had prepared a particular repertoire for the occasion, showcasing a mix between jazz and Romanian folk. The musical intermezzo was then followed by an introduction of the contemporary art exhibition “Transylvanian Lights”, by painter and professor Ioan Sbârciu and curator Ms. Maria Rus Bojan. Ms. Bojan, a member of the International Association of Art Critics, introduced the exhibition before giving the floor to Prof. Sbârciu. The internationally renowned painter addressed the guests by stressing the great freedom enjoyed in our society nowadays, and inciting the audience to “move ahead, but always remembering our roots”.

H.E. Mrs. Brândușa Predescu, Ambassador of Romania in the Netherlands and Mr. Ladislav Hamran, President of Eurojust

diplomatic events

Minister Kaag calls for new, adequate solutions in dealing with present-day conflicts By Guido Lanfranchi. Photography: Naldo Peverelli.

The premises of the Supreme Court in The Hague hosted the event “Conflict Resolution in the Middle East”, co-organized by UPEACE Centre The Hague and SIB-Leiden. The event’s keynote speech was delivered by Ms. Sigrid Kaag, Dutch Minister of Foreign Trade and Development, who analyzed the emerging global challenges and stressed the need for suitable solutions. The challenges in nowadays world are abundant and daunting, and addressing them will not be easy. Yet, we can address them, and we should not spare any effort in trying do to so. This could be the takeaway from the keynote speech of Ms. Sigrid Kaag, Dutch Minister of Foreign Trade and Development, in the occasion of the event “Conflict resolution in the Middle East”. The event, co-organized by the UN University for Peace’s Centre The Hague and by the student association SIB-Leiden, attracted a large audience composed by politicians, ambassadors and diplomats, researchers and students from several different backgrounds. The event started, with the introduction by Mr. Robert Serry, Chairman of UPEACE Centre The Hague, and Mr. Paco Vervaet, President of SIB-Leiden. The introduction of the hosts was followed by a presentation of UPEACE by Mr. Juan Carlos Sainz-Borgo, Dean of UPEACE Costa Rica, who described the mission of UPEACE and its activities around the world. This presentation was followed by the intervention of Prof. Aaron Wolf. From the IHE Delft Institute of Water Education, who stressed the importance of water-related issues in conflict situation and outline the Institute’s activities. Finally, Mr. Tomás Alberto Chang Pico, a Venezuelan alumnus of UPEACE, described his experience as a student at UPEACE Costa Rica, paving then the way for a lively questions and answers session. After a networking break, Mr. Serry reconvened the audience in the main room for the keynote speech of Ms. Kaag. The Minister exposed her analysis of the current challenges facing the international system, with a particular focus on the increase in the number and size of conflicts around the world. She touched upon the current geopolitical and geoeconomics shifts, which are leading to multipolarity and fragmentation on the

international scene. While such developments can be seen as opportunities, they can also lead to some negative consequences, such as for example the undermining of fundamental values such as those enshrined in the concept of universal human rights – the Minister said, deploring for instance the rise of illiberal democracies. Ms. Kaag identified several of the potential causes of instability, such as conflict, poverty and the increased role of non-state actors, and stressed the importance to address such issues in order to prevent, rather than resolve, conflicts. The approach towards conflict prevention – the Minister stressed – should be multi-dimensional, involving different issues such as diplomacy, defence and development. The Minister stressed the importance of mediation, calling for more efforts on track 2 diplomacy and for more involvement of women in peace processes. At the same time – she stressed – developmental issues, and especially those related to the youth, remain crucial in order to prevent the emergence of conflicts. Minister Kaag clearly claimed that “we need to change the way we work” in order to adapt our responses to the evolving challenges of the 21st century. “We must be more creative,

embrace risks, use new technologies, and we must believe that conflicts can be solved” – the Minister told the audience in her concluding remarks, stressing the importance of values in the fight against conflicts. During the ensuing Q&A session, the Minister addressed a large number of topics. She delved more in detail into the situation of the Middle East, congratulating countries such as Lebanon and Jordan for their actions towards Syrian refugees in the region, as well as praising the facilitation efforts led by Oman in the region. Moreover, the Minister repeatedly stressed the importance of including gender considerations in Dutch foreign policy all over the world, as well as of improving gender equality targets in the Netherlands and in Europe. While conflicts seem set to remain a daunting challenge for the world in the decades ahead, hopefully politics and civil society will find the means to adapt to this constantly changing world and find the adequate solutions to ensure peace and well-being for everyone in the world.

diplomatic events

Uzbekistan and the IWC Usher Together By Catherine van der Loos. Photography: Kim Vermaat.

The Marriott Hotel in the Hague was the venue for a festive cultural event presented by H.E. Mr. Dilyor Kakimov, the Ambassador of Uzbekistan to the Kingdom of Belgium and Head of Mission to the E.U. He is also credited to the Kingdom of the Netherlands. The event featured a musical performance and cultural and culinary programs. Uzbek artisans were also invited to display a wonderful array of handcrafted products from the center of the ancient silk road, which were also available for sale. Ambassador Kakimov was invited on behalf of his country, at the monthly meeting of the International Women’s Club (IWC), by IWC President, Marian Kools-Biezen, and other members of the IWC Executive Board. His Excellency briefly informed the members about the many recent economic developments being made by his President Shavkat Miriziyoyez; emphasizing his government’s openness to international cooperation in order to achieve these goals. He also noted that Uzbekistan is a secular state which recognizes equal rights for women and further noted that these rights are set forth in both the country’s Constitution and many other legal instruments.

Club members turned out in large numbers to enjoy the ambassador’s program which focussed on tourism. To further the development of international tourism, which doubled last year over the previous year, the ambassador announced a 30 day visa-free travel to EU member states. The ambassador’s announcement received an enthusiastic round of applause from the members, some of whom had previously visited the country. In response to the warm reception he received form the members, the ambassador was quick to invite questions from the many ladies attending the event. Minister Counselor Ulugbek Agzamov, presented a short program showcasing the country’s major tourist destinations which include Tashkent, the nation’s capital with a population of three million people; the silk road cities of Samarkand, Khiva and Bukhara; the ancient center of Buddhism in Termez and the Fergana Valley. Khiva, an ancient open air museum city, is home to some 51 monuments and, in 1990, became the first Word Heritage Site in Uzbekistan to be recognized by UNESCO. Khiva is also noteworthy as having been the birthplace of Al-Khwarizmi, the renowned 9th century scholar, geographer, astronomer and father of Algebra.

Music was provided by Uzbek concert pianist, Seultanova Geulnora, who performed three pieces. The first was inspired by the sound of the Dutor, meanining “two strings”, a traditional two stringed musical instrument common to the peoples of Uzbekistan and Central Asia. She chose to play a second piece, composed by a woman, much to the delight of her overwhelmingly female audience. Both Ambassador Kakimovand and Minister Counselor Agzamov warmly encouraged everyone present to visit Uzbekistan at any time of the year—even for skiing, walking and other off-season outdoor activities! The program’s success was clearly apparent by the number of women who lingered to shop, exchange their impressions of day’s event with each other and to admire the crafts exhibition which was open until 6pm.

Following the presentations, club members were invited to enjoy a complete buffet luncheon featuring Plov, the national dish, paired with a sampling of regional wines.

H.E. Mr. Dilyor Kakimov, the Ambassador of Uzbekistan

DIPLOMAT MAGAZINE #10

diplomatic events

Ambassador Rajamony announced PM Modi’s victory Photography: M. De Lara.

People from the Indian community came in large numbers to the Gandhi center in The Hague, answering the call of the Ambassador of India, H.E. Venu Rajamony. The Ambassador had invited Indian citizens and other guests for a discussion on India’s democracy, the largest in the world, and specifically on the spectacular results of the May 2019 General Elections. Against the expectations, incumbent Prime Minister Narendra Modi and his Hindu-nationalist Bharatiya Janata Party won the national elections by a large margin, securing 303 of the 542 seats available in the lower parliamentary chamber. Over thirty parties participated in the elections, which were assisted by electronic voting technology and featured a historic turnout of 67%.

This election showed that the charisma and popularity of Modi are an undeniable fact: with a clear vision and a strong party line, Modi is steadily increasing his degree of popularity. The incumbent Prime Minister received a new mandate from his people, in order to transform India for five more years, making further steps on the path of development. During the previous term as Prime Minister, Modi has worked on enhancing Hindu traditions, and he has invested in technology and infrastructures. He has also created a vast program of social benefits that reached the immense population of India. Moreover, he has promoted education among India’s youth and has made significant steps towards modernising India. During the meeting in The Hague, H.E. Venu Rajamony sent conciliatory messages and applauded India for this great exercise of democracy. Ambassador Rajamony went on by commenting on India’s domestic issues. “In terms of domestic economic policy in India, according to the IMF and World Bank, growth has been 7.3 percent and it is expected that we will continue to maintain this speed of growth in the coming years. With a young population

and a connected world, thanks to the internet, technology and mobile phones, but also due to the growing demand and upstanding talent in terms of entrepreneurship, science and technology, innovation and IT, we can be confident that the economy will also continue to grow, enhancing the wellbeing of our people. As PM Modi said, we want each Indian to create an income, instead of looking for a job. Concerning the economy, we can be proud on what India has achieved, but we still have a long way to go. We have many challenges that need to be addressed.” Over the last term, the Modi government has installed a program to clean the great rivers, as well as a program to provide housing to the homeless, sanitation, clean water, health and education. “Not a single person will be left behind – Ambassador Rajamony said – We are celebrating the pluralism and the social harmony among all, and we should all contribute from inside the country, but also from abroad to maintain a united India. The government will dedicate itself to bringing development to every corner of the country, providing jobs, making sure that inflation remains in control and making sure that education, health and welfare structures will reach every corner of our country.”

Moreover, the Ambassador also touched upon his country’s foreign policy. “On foreign policy, we stand engaged to solve the world’s concerns. We remain global in our look, and we believe in cooperation to address the common challenges that confront humanity. Moreover, we believe in the peaceful resolution of all disputes, including those with our neighbours, some of whom we have had a difficult relationship with”. The speech of Ambassador Rajamony was followed by a big applause. Former Dutch Ambassador to India Fons Stoelinga then addressed the public with a detailed speech on India elections, followed by a remarkable intervention of Dr. Vikas Chaturvedi, Chairman of ASSOCHAM, about India’s economy, progress and challenges. Lastly, an animated section of questions and answer took place, thanks to the input of the engaged attendees.

diplomatic events

IOM Netherlands and its partners celebrate fruitful cooperation on migration By Guido Lanfranchi. Photography: Roy Strik.

The International Organization for Migration – Netherlands office organized its annual Reception. The Chief of Mission, Mr. Antonio Polosa, thanked the organization’s many partners for their precious collaboration towards fulfilling the mandate of IOM: “to promote the management of migration for the benefit of all.” Mr. Antonio Polosa, welcome the Charge d affaires of Algeria, Mr. Amokrane Mourad.

“We live in a world on the move. Numerically, there are more people migrating in this beginning of 21st century than at any other time in recorded history worldwide.” These were the words that Mr. Antonio Polosa, Chief of Mission at IOM Netherlands, decided to use in his introductory remarks. These words underlined the relevance and the complexity of the migration phenomenon, which cannot be addressed by single countries or organizations alone, but rather must be tackled through international cooperation.

The room was full of Ambassadors, diplomats and Dutch officials, who mingled with the numerous IOM officials in the room. Mr. Polosa recalled some of the crucial recent developments in the field of migration worldwide, such as the approval of the Global Compacts on refugees and on migration, and listed some of the main achievements of IOM Netherlands. In 2018 alone, the office provided assistance to more than 7,000 migrants, focusing specifically on voluntary returns, labor market integration, family reunification, as well as collaboration with diaspora communities. Mr. Polosa praised the role of the whole IOM team in achieving these precious results. Yet, he also noted that “IOM can only do its work in close cooperation with its partners,” and thus warmly thanked all the partners present in the room for their positive cooperation. Following the Chief of Mission’s speech, the Head of the Migration and Development Group at the Dutch Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Ms. Nathalie Lintvelt, took the floor. In her speech, she outlined some of the main Dutch governmental initiatives on migration, including the Integrated Agenda on Migration and the National Action Plan of Human Trafficking, and proudly underlined the Netherlands’ role as a major contributor to IOM core funding.

DIPLOMAT MAGAZINE #10

Antonio Polosa, Chief of Mission at IOM Netherlands.

Ms. Lintvelt praised IOM for its “expertise, extensive field presence and operational flexibility,” which allow the organization to provide support to both governments and migrants. In particular, she highlighted the key role of IOM in a number of fields, including but not limited to voluntary returns and data collection, and praised the worldwide cooperation between IOM and the Netherlands in raising awareness on the risks of irregular migration. The upcoming year will be another key year for migration. As Mr. Polosa noted, the United Nations is set to undergo a complex reform process, and IOM too is looking at reviewing its internal mechanisms. Under the new IOM leadership of DG Antonio Vitorino these reform processes are expected to lead towards even greater effectiveness in performing the core task of IOM: “to promote the management of migration for the benefit of all, while also advocating for safe, regular and dignified migration paths and keep saving lives of those in need.”

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