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AND DISCUSSIONS.
CRITICISMS
AND PROFESSOR
LAO-TZE to an
[In reply of Professor Mr.
Teitaro
tain a good deal
The
Tao
Teh
on philosophy. wrote
were.
is a collection
broken
Chinese
As
character
of thinking.
he was
favorably seems
however,
Ch'ien's
C?rus
Sze-Ma
Ch'ien
as unwarranted. fessor Giles's I. of Lao
Chuang
how Mr.
and
can
Giles
(the Shi
were
goes
not Taoism.
for there are
which
prove
set eyes upon
he
imagine
for his
ki)
of The Monist,
are some quotations
Here criticism
In summing Tan,
never
"had
they
as a rule
in full accord
or at least
the contrary
King,
in the Records
passages
plicit
put
incoherent
not an admirer
was
number
Teh
in the present
was
for his
is that Lao
that he simply
however
of Buddhism,
irregularity
Confucianism
Records
Historical
are, and
writers
Ch'ien
probability
with
his
of Lao-Tze. to show His
that
father,
a liking for Lao-Tze.
had
Tao
to prove
towards
to understand
ticity of Lao-Tze's Dr.
tends
disposed to have
It is difficult Sze-Ma
to say that Sze-Ma
in the Shi ki
Everything
this
this fact account
The
the introduction
for Lao-Tze,
allow me
Further,
and does
treatise
that Lao-Tze
for assuming
his mind,
through
before
philosophers,
and mode
as modern
in writing they flashed
very unsystematic.
down,
in forming
readers
not a systematic
and
ground
? I think not.
style of writing
in con
them here.?Ed.]
of aphorisms
his health was
as
thoughts
to our
to publish
reasonable
so careful
not
his
down
it pertinent
King,
comments
these comments
Since
positions.
Teh
Tao
the following
be of assistance
this, however,
unintelligible
was
Tze
Giles's
the position
against
of Lao-Tze's
has written
scholar,
that will
deemed
King Is
his work when
somewhat
respect
of material
of my arguments
to the authenticity
and Professor
we have
their opinion,
to the validity
a Japanese
Suzuki,
of my own
criticism
as
inquiry with
Giles
GILES.
to the one quoted
in addition pp.
574, a number
the contrary
the work" which
finds a support
; and
of Lao-Tze, cannot
in
theory of the unauthen of quite
the assertion must
be reconciled
by ex that
be rejected with Pro
:
up Lao-Tze's Chou,
Han
doctrine Fei,
in a brief
and Sh?n
epilogue
Pu-hai,
Sze-Ma
to the collective Ch'ien
says:
lives
AND
CRITICISMS "The
that
Tao
honored
by Lao-Tze
to impulses
responds
[spontaneously] his writings
is most
DISCUSSIONS. is void
; its modifications
are full of mystery
and phraseology
and
M^m-Mm: mmmm mit? mm Sze-Ma
Could
2. Sze-Ma
Ch'ien
a.
In
the
remark
62), Sze-Ma
quotes
the following
virtue,
therefore
to the Lives
Ch'ien,
virtue never
Inferior
(The more
discriminating
But
become
How
King.
Judges
no show of
virtue makes
therefore
laws and ordinances,
the more
are exactly what we now find in Chapter
who
Giles,
<im^m^.&m^m)
thinks that the characters
not quoted
that it "makes
ter. Further,
nonsense"
(p. 256) and weakens of the first passage
interpretation
to obtain,
teh,
^
his
stands
frequently
for
the whole is strange.
38 of the
by Han
Tze are not genuine,omits thesecond passage "THi ^? -Jfe H ??lSIf? clares
(Bio
and Confucius
loses sight of virtue,
!
remarked
well
Mr.
the quo
robbers.)"
these first two passages
Teh
Tao
:
a few of
Lao-Tze
'' Superior
:
from Lao-Tze
passages
thieves and
adds
on
hi at random.
of the Merciless of both
speaking
?mxm&&Lmm rmz^m^umm " '' He
. . ."
set eyes
having
are
Here of the Shi
the leaves
it has virtue.
it has no virtue.1 there appear
Therefore
comprehension.
ever
without
Lao-Tze.
quotes
turning over
introductory
Section
graphical
occasionally
found while
tations I have
beyond
and
non-existent,
endless.
i&mmmm mumm
this statement
make
and are
?
work
Lao-Tze's
Ch'ien
613
drift of
the chap
In archaic
Chinese
not, as Professor
teh, virtue,
Fei
and de
Giles
The should read accord teh, virtue, for ^ teh, to obtain. claims, ^ passage " no virtue makes The show of virtue, therefore it is virtue."2 ingly, highest The
characters
of the passage
quoted the sense
the present Tao
Teh
inating become
laws and ordinances,
A Ma
again
not mention
inferior men ?. The Y
alludes Lao-Tze's
name,
hear
of the Tao,
second
sentence
Biographical
"The
Section
67).
unnameable
the text of the Tao 1Dr.
Carus's
same
ridicule
by Sung above
Chi-chu,
is not quite
quotation
of the
ten thousand and earth."
"of
passage,
"When
Chung
and Chia
referred
literal ; it reads
heaven
King)
Sze
this time he
it."
is quoted
Sze-ma
robbers."3 above,
though
the well-known
quotes
Teh
translation
idea
thieves and
remark mentioned
is the beginning
things,"
to (the
:
and not (as
with a little modification.
first passage is also life forms the Biographical
3 The
but
the astrologer
2This whose
there appear
together with Confucius,
they greatly
The
in parentheses do not appear in ' : *The more discrim
introductory
of the first chapter
their interview with
after
reads
to Lao-Tze
above
is quite Laotzean
the more
in the same
little farther down
Ch'ien
does
But
King.
is expressed
by an astrologer quoted Section 67 of the Shi ki. in Chapter
19.
called
Sze-ma
Chi-chu
THE an
y. As
same The
dogs are heard
?. At Sze-Ma
version
quotation
reads
quotes The
The
persecuted
by his rivals on account
These
allusions
work
on
the Tao
as
of Taoism, that were
be
Ma
Ch
'ien's time under
present
know as Tao
Chuang
Chou
so
Lieh-Tze, author,
for it was
As
forth.
yii,"
to the inaccuracy
the Tao
Only
not written
by him, but
writings, Teh
times
their quotations
King
generally
from
in Sze
other phi
The
we
at
work
of
that of Lieh-Tze, not
named
after
its
However,
disciples. say, "It
is written
scholars,
took pains
as they appear
from Lao-Tze
say that it by no means
; for Chinese
can
This
in
says."
the art of printing was ; they rarely
by his
compiled not
many
Mencius; was
epi
that Sze
the work which
as Lao-Tze.
of Confucius
they do
of the quotations I would
that
simply
that of Mencius,
the work
systems
Ch'ien's
not known
Like
King.
probable
view
monotonous. was
writing
the
of the
I abstain
but
references,
Teh
then known
quote
philosophical whose
Tze;
of
and a student
in Sze-Ma
and become
title of Tao
from the Lun yii, " but merely, Confucius
writers
the Lun
King
Chuang-
an official historian
it highly probable as we have it now.
of Lao-Tze
it is highly was
Teh
is called
and
when
the present
a book
wrote
taken a very favorable
makes
that Lao-Tze's
with
acquainted
of the different philosophical
and by other
he says
of Lao-Tze
is obvious.
learning
to have
the discussion
protract
in those days,
works
son, was
alone
the work
by quotations
it would
is right when
Giles
losophers'
of
studied
who was
this fact in conjunction
is incorporated
exposition which
of
the conclusion
of wide
seems
He
Records,
had carefully
so because
Mr.
a scholar
besides
This
further corroborated
doing
of two parts,
in his brief exposition
is shown
then prevalent.
Ch'ien
their
physicians)
knowledge
to the effect that Lao-Tze
Ch'ien
under Huang-Tze.
to theHistorical
logue Ma
; but he was
doctrines
to
Up
[as all
famous
intimately
the significance
like his famous
father,
Ch'ien's
that he was
but
consider
consisting
Ch'ien's
Dynasty
Taoist
with one another
by the story of a physician
that Sze-Ma
tradition,
we
given by Sze-Ma
the Teh,
e. Sze-Ma Hang
of oral
; and when
and
and with
of his superiority.
prove
apparently
the statement
with
of cocks
their food, pleased
of the first passage of Chapter 31 in the '' : are things un and beauty Excellence
is proved
truth of this saying
not a mere matter
Lao-Tze's
King."
its perfec
in their business.
rejoice
the
King,
Teh
reaches
45 (lives of some
Section
a modified
blessed."
was
the Tao
at home]."
the end of the Biographical
King.
and
(Biographical Teh
the voices
with
intercourse
any
into
another,
are delighted
their customs,
Men
in the Tao
administration
of one
sight
they do not have
death,
Ch'ien
Teh
with
contented
are satisfied
wants
"When
the people
everywhere,
their clothes,
80
as "pitchforked
condemns
are within
states
tion, neighboring
old age and
quotes
Giles
of Industrial
a part of Chapter
in full runs as follows:
quotation
Tao
Ch'ien
Professor
which
to his Lives
remark
introductory
69), Sze-Ma
Section
MONIST.
especially
yet unknown, to cite
were
the original
those
in various
the authenticity
disproves
ancient
notoriously as literally
writers
careless
in
with
and as faith
AND
CRITICISMS fully as modern quotation Chinese
syntactical bold
Add
of
for misquota
scope
that there are fewer misquotations
to say, however,
of a
to this the vagueness
there is left the widest
and
construction,
615
so far as to twist the real meaning
it suit their own purposes.
to make
I make
tions.
do ; they even went
writers
so as
DISCUSSIONS.
from Lao
than from any other author.
Tze
Mr.
Finally, sense proves
statement
Giles's
of Han
Fei Tze's
in the Tao
had his own way
Fei Tze
Han
nothing.
that "many
sentences
the corresponding
where
Teh
make
quotations make
King
nonsense,"
of interpreting Lao-Tze's
sayings, to accept as true. Han Fei Tze's bound which, however, we are by no means " " " are not a text-commentary Illustrations" and to Lao-Tze, but a Explanations Not he
tendency,
See,
and native
that in this as
Han
rightly hit the mark. and
Lebensweisheit,
that Han
not doubt reflexion
sees
of Laotzean
but not a metaphysical is an obscured Lao-Tze
Tze's
Fei
I agree
question a book which
essentially
is still extant
under
into so many chapters, book was not divided " " " " scroll ; the lower upper scroll beginning and
present Sze-Ma
Ch'ien's Tao
had
universe process
King. statement
Teh
after
the present Teh
he was
division
find ourselves King
In concluding a noted
of
$$fcfi)t?,ffi. 14), is, while
(Cap.
there,
thought, will Dr.
philosophy
in many
has
of morals,
of
we can
thinker. Therefore and
agree
Carus
points distorted
have my
Dr.
Teh
the passage
that The
King.
into an "upper"
simply
unparalleled
I believe
Carus;
on
a
and
the nature
just as we have
them in our not
hypercriticism
of
to regard
is a collection
before,
was
Lao-Tze to present
of aphorisms, of the sixth
his philosophical
or Hegel
thinkers.
a child
in accordance As a mystic
views with
he merely
not
an
century B. of
life and
ex C. the
the strict logical wrote
down
the
intuitive knowledge. If we inspired by his wonderful to their meaning, we may not into chapters as a guide at sea, but
nothing
the lack of coherency
to do with
letter, I am reminded
poet of the Tang
but with
the Teh,
that of an
with
the title of Tao
reliable.
of Kant
of thinking of European
infrequently the Tao
I said
thoughts.
the manner
be
as quite
no ambition
thoughts with which accept
as
King,
therefore
with
It would
of systematic
position and
scroll"
the "lower Teh
Tao
The
of
of the original. wrote
the Tao
power
only a teacher
in Lao-Tze
civic
form foreshadowed
statecraft,
to the main
As Lao-Tze
chi siang"
of pure
and
in the hands on
comment
familiar with Western
points
Fei Tze
interpretation
zvuh
philosophy
they become
other obscure
in many
from ethical
his
suited
a practical
the speculative
reflect
superficial wu
chi chuang,
which
and exhibiting
from Lao-Tze
peculiarly
how
instance,
when
scholars,
those passages
like Lao-Tze
only a commonplace
the Kantian
discovers
Carus
which
receive for
mind
the aphorisms
all
those passages
%tWu chuang
^tyj^&Mt Dr.
being
metaphysics,
Fei Tze.
up from Lao-Tze
picked
a speculative
explained and
standpoints, Lao-Tze's Han
He
of comments.
collection his purpose.
Dynasty,
and
the obscurity
of
its authenticity. of the humorous
with regard
to the Tao
Teh
poem of Pei King
:
Le Tien,
6i6
THE '' The
sage
not know
does
who
knows
then is it that
; why " ?
and odd words
' One
declares,
'
MONIST. does
the sage
not
himself
one
and
speak, uttered
those
who
five
Teitaro
OF CHINESE
A HISTORY
to the long list of obligations
materially
increased
Herculean
labors.
boon
a most
with
literature
more
than
in the Chinese
from the earliest
times down
fulfils
in Gems
of a of Chi
the promise
of the
theWestern
time satisfy
reader ex
the severely
of the whole
language,
added and has
his already
regard
it furnishes
at the same
will
which
has
the completion
few years back
of 450 pages,
of specialists
Giles
the public,
sinologues
be considered
some
however,
volume
review,
interesting
demands
acting nese
large octavo
A
former one.
new work,
This
nese Literature.
laid
he has
all
us may
before
gave us a foretaste
Giles
Mr.
of which
volume
Mr.
Literature
under which with which
the admiration The
Suzuki.
LITERATURE.
of Chinese
of his History
In the production one more
speaks
thousand
to its latest productions
field of Chi
under
the rule
of the Manchu. Those
whose
nor
glyphs
letters?which
toilsome
spent
as badly
under
Mr.
safe
on a uniform
plan,
six shillings are
and
neous upon
us.
should singular
the favored
envy
mortals
the wilderness
through
serve
without
unfavorable
have
who
cut
and
the trouble
If we
had but
then must
be
which
the occurrences
the Chinese
a savage,
the reflexions
Each
are
published
at an unvary
is the tenth and the series.
the world, and
treacherous,
produced
is of more
in China
twelve months and
by a perusal
consequence,
appear
erro
to force
to judge by, we race.
How
this volume,
which
barbarous of
so prom
to certain
counter-balance
of the past
issued
at a favorable
the past year been
events
volume
last volume
It appears
but what
recent
con
E. Gosse.
has during
Empire
series
of Dr.
volumes
review
a corrective
impressions
fairly comprehensive
editorship
to complete before
as
of a
The
under
the Chinese
unenviably
will
pronounce
literature.
in preparation
inently though most
one
the able
; the work
time ; not only because its pages
forms
under
of some national
but six others
because
hiero
from books
knowledge
can know Chinese
thus (so to speak)
of drudgery
and who
learning,
acquired
will
a way
have
long hours
ideographs?neither
of celestial
their hardly
in existence,
any
new book
Giles's
Professor
ing price,
fascinating
of
it.
of learning
is a history
out
guidance
for them, and
smoothed
ceived
as
printed
Giles's
memories
but
the gateways
guard in digging
years
about
weary
the perplexing
in mastering
endured
includes
experience
1History of Chinese Literature by H. A. Giles, LL. D., Professor of Chinese at the University of Cambridge (Aber.). London :William Heineman. Price, 6s. New York : D. Appleton & Co. Price, $1.50.
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