John Amos Comenius - The Orbis Pictus, 1887 by gnosisclassics

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THE

ORBIS PICTUS OF

JOHN AMOS COMENIUS.

This work

is,

indeed, the

first

children's picture book.

ENCYCLOPAEDIA BRITANNICA, QTH EDITION,

SYRACUSE, C.

vi.

182.

N. Y.:

W. BARDEEN, PUBLISHER, .

iSStf,

1887.

by C. W.

THE NEW YORK RARY

ASTOR LEN8X AND TILOEN FOUNDATIONS

O It

ing

known

that Comenius was once Harvard College. The followa quotation from Vol. II, p. 14, of Cotton Mather's

may

solicited to

not be generally

become President

MAGNALIA: of

"That brave old man, Johannes Amos Commenius, the fame whose worth has been TRUMPETTED as far as more than three

languages f whereof everyone is indebted unto his JANUA^ could carry it, was indeed agreed withal, by one Mr. Winthrop in his travels through the LOW COUNTRIES, to come over to New England, and illuminate their Colledge and COUNTRY, in the quality of a President, which was now become vacant. But the solicitations of the Swedish Ambassador diverting him another way, that incomparable Moravian became not an American." This was on the resignation of President Dunster, in 1654

NOTE OF PROF. PAYNE, COMPAYRE'S HISTORY OF EDUCATION. c

BOSTON, 1886, p

EDITOR'S PREFACE. When it is remembered that this work is not only an educational classic of prime importance, but that it was the first picture-book ever made for children and was for a century the most popular text-book in Europe, and yet has been for many years unattainable on account of its rarity, the wonder is, not that it is reproduced now but that it has not been reproduced before. But the difficulty has been to find a satisfactory copy. Many as have been the editions, few copies have been preserved. It was a book children were fond of and wore out in turning the leaves over and over to see the pictures. Then as the old copper-plates became indistinct they were replaced by wood-engravings, of coarse execution, and often of changed treatment. Von Raumer complains that the edition oi

7 5 5 substitutes for the original cut of the as here given J a picture of an eye, and in 43, a table the figures I. I. II. I. I. II., and adds that it is 1

Soul, ( No.

recognize in this an expressive psychologsymbol, and to explain it. In an edition I have, published in Vienna in 1779, this cut is omitted altogether, and indeed there are but 82 in place of the 157 found in earlier editions, the following, as numbered in this edition, being omitted difficult to

ical

the alphabet,

36, 43, 45, 66, 68, 75, 76, 78-80, 87,

88, 92-122, 124, 126, 128, 130-141. (iii)

THE ORBIS PICTUS.

On the other hand, the Vienna edition contains a curious additional cut. It gives No. 4, the Heaven, practically as in this edition, but puts another cut under it in which the earth is revolving about the sun and after the statement of Comenius, "Coelum ro;

" ambit terrain, in media stantem interpolates prout vete res credideruntj recentiores enim defcndunt " motum terrae. circa solem [as the ancients used to think; tatur, ct

for later authorities hold that the is

motion of the earth

about the sun.]

Two

specimen pages from another edition are

in-

serted in Payne's Compayre's History of Education (between pp. 126, 127^). The cut is the representa-

No. 103 in this edition, but those who compare them will see not only how much coarser is the execution of the wood-cut Prof. Payne has copied, but what liberties have been taken with with the deThe only change in the Latin text, however, sign. is from Designat Figuras rerum in the original, to Figuram rerum designat. tive of

In this edition the cuts are unusually clear copies of the copper-plates of the first edition of 1658, from which we have also taken the Latin text. The text for the English translation is from the English edition of 1727, in which for the first time the English

words were so arranged

as to stand opposite their Latin equivalents. The cuts have been reproduced with great care by I thought best not to perthe photographic process.

mit them to be retouched, preferring occasional indistinctness to modern tampering with the originalsthat

would make them

less authentic.

EDITOR'S PREFACE.

The English

text

unchanged from

that of the

1727 edition, except in rare instances where substitutions have been made for single words not now permissible. The typography suggests rather than imitates the quaintness of the original, and the paper to produce so far as practica-

was carefully selected

ble the impression of the old hand-presses.

In short my aim has been to put within the reach of teachers at a moderate price a satisfactory repro-

duction of this important book; and if the sale of the Orbis Pictus seems to warrant it, I hope subsequently to print as a companion volume the Vestibulum and Janua of the same author, of which I have choice copies. Syracuse, Sept. 28, 1887.

W. BARDEEN.

COMMENTS UPON THE ORBIS

PICTUS.

During four years he here prosecuted his efforts inbehalf of education with commendable success, and wrote, tus,

among

other works, his celebrated Orbis Pic-

which has passed through a great many

and survived a multitude HISTORY OF EDUCATION, N.

of imitations.

editions,

SMITH'S

Y., 1842, p. 129.

The most eminent educator

of the seventeenth cen-

His tury, however, was John Amos Comenius Orbis Sensualium Pictus, published in 1657, enjoyed a still higher renown. The text was much the same with the Janua, being intended as a kind of elementary encyclopaedia but it differed from all previous textbooks, in being illustrated with pictures, on copper and wood, of the various topics discussed in it. This ;

book was universally popular. In those portions of Germany where the schools had been broken up by the " Thirty years' war," mothers taught their chil-

dren from

its

pages.

Corrected and amended by

later editors, it continued for nearly two hundred years, to be a text-book of the German schools.

HISTORY AND PROGRESS OF EDUCATION, BY PHILOBIBLIUS, N. Y., 1860, p. 210.

The "Janua" would, therefore, have had but a short-lived popularity with teachers, and a still shorter with learners, if Comenius had not carried out his (vi)

COMMENTS UPON THE ORBIS

PICTUS.

Vll

principle of appealing to the senses, and called in the The result was the " Orbis Pictus," a book which proved a favorite with young and old, and

artist.

maintained its ground in many a school for more than a century .... I am sorry I cannot give a specimen of this celebrated book with its quaint pictures.

The skill

artist,

which

of course, was wanting in the technical is now commonly displayed even in the

cheapest publications, but this renders his delineations none the less entertaining. As a picture of the life and manners of the seventeeth century, the work has great historical interest, which will, I hope, secure for it another English edition. QUICK'S EDU-

CATIONAL REFORMERS, 1868; Syracuse edition, p. 79. But the principle on which he most insisted is that the teaching of words and things must go toWhen we consider how much gether, hand in hand. time is spent over new languages, what waste of energy is lavished on mere preparation, how it takes so long to lay a foundation that there is no time to lay a building upon it, we must conclude that it is in the acceptance and development ot this principle

improvement of education

will in the future attempts to inculcate this great reiorm will find that its first principles are contained in the writings of Comenius. ENCYCLOPAEthat the consist.

Any one who

DIA BRITANNICA, gth edition,

The

first

vii.

674.

edition of this celebrated

book was pub-

Nuremberg in 1657; soon after a translawas made into English by Charles Hoole. The

lished at tion

English edition appeared in 1777, and this was reprinted in America in 1812. This was the first il-

last

THE ORBIS PICTUS.

Vlll

lustrated school-book, and was the first attempt at what now passes under the name of "object lessons.'' SHORT HISTORY OF EDUCATION, W. H. PAYNE, Syracuse, 1881, p. 103.

Of these,

"Janua

and the "Orbis" were transmost European and some of the Oriental languages. It is evident that these practices of Comenius contain the germs of things afterwards connected with the names of Pestalozzi and Stow. It also may be safely assumed that many methods that are now in practical use, were then not unknown to earliest teachers. GILL'S SYSTEMS OF EDUCATION, London, 1876, p. 13. The more we reflect on the method of Comenius, the

lated into

the

more we

ness,

dom

shall see

it is

replete with suggestive-

and we

shall feel surprised that so much wiscan have lain in the path of schoolmasters for

two hundred and

fifty years, and that they have never stooped to avail themselves of its treasures. BROWNING'S INTRODUCTION TO THE HISTORY OF EDUCATIONAL

THEORIES, 1882,

The

New York

edition, p. 67.

Orbis Pictus," the first practical application of the intuitive method, had an extraordinary success, and has served as a model for the innumerable illustrated books which for three centuries have invaded the schools. COMPAYRE'S HISTORY OF PEDAGOGY, Payne's translation, Boston, 1886, p. 127. He remained at Patak four years, which were characterized by surprising literary activity. During this short period he produced no less than fifteen different works, among them his "World Illustrated"

(Orbis Pictus), the most famous ot

all his

writings.

COMMENTS UPON THE ORBIS

PICTUS.

admirably applied the principle that words and " things should be learned together). .The World Illustrated" had an enormous circulation, and remained for a long time the most popular text-book in Europe. PAINTER'S HISTORY OF EDUCATION, N.Y.,

(it

1886, p. 206.

ce livre n'est qu'un equivalent le la verisi, ensuite, le contenu du tout parait fort defectueux, au point de vue de la science de nos

Or,

table intuition;

jours; si, enfin, un effort exagere pour 1' integrite de la conception de 1' enfant a cree, pour les choses modernes, trop de denominations latines qui parais1' Orbis pictus etait pourtant, pour son une oeuvre tres originale et tres spirituelle, temps, faire un fit grand progres a la pedagogic et serqui vit longtemps de livre d* ecole utile et de modele a d' innomorables livres d' images, souvent pires. HISTORIE D' EDUCATION, FREDERICK DITTES, Redolfi's French translation, Paris, 1880, p. 178.

sent douteuses,

Here Comenius wrote, among celebrated

work

others, his second the " Orbis Pictus." He was not,

however, able to finish it in Hungary for want of a For such a one he carskilful engraver on copper. to Michael Endter, the bookseller at Nurembut the engraving delayed the publication of berg, the book for three years more. In 1657 Comenius

ried

expressed the hope that it would appear during the With what great approbation the next autumn.

work was received at its first appearance, is shown by the fact that within two years, in 1659, Endter had published a second enlarged edition.

KARL VON

THE ORBIS PICTUS.

RAUMER, tion,

The

translated in Barnard's Journal of Educa-

260.

Janua" had an enormous

sale,

and was pub-

languages, but the editions and sale of the "Orbis Pictus" far exceeded those of the " Janua," and, indeed, for some time it was the most popular text-book in Europe, and deservedly so. lished in

many

LAURIE'S JOHN AMOS COMENIUS, Boston edition, p 185.

JOH. AMOS COMENII Orbis Sensualium Pictus HOC EST principalium in Mundo & in Vita Actionum,

Omnium Rerum,

PlCTURA & NOMENCLATURA JOH. AMOS COMENIUS'S

VISIBLE

WORLD:

OR, A

Nomenclature, and Pictures OF ALL THE CHIEF THINGS of

In By

MENS EMPLOYMENTS

therein;

COPPER CUTS. 150 WRITTEN

above the

WORLD, and

that are in the

Author

Latin and High Dutch, being

one of his last ESSAYS and the most suitable to Childrens Capacity of any he hath hitherto made. ;

Translated into English

HOOLE, M. A. By CHARLES Latin Scholars. For the Use of Young

The ELEVENTH EDITION

Corrected, and the English for Word to the Latin.

made

answer Word

Nihilestin intellectu, quodnonprius fuitin sensu. Arist.

Londonj Printed

for,

and sold by John and Benj.

Sprint, at the Bell in Little Britain, 1728.

Gen,

19, 20.

ii.

The Lord God brought unto Adam every Beast of the Field, and every Fowl of the Air, to see what he would call them. And Adam gave Names to all Cattle, and to the Fowl of the Air, and to every Beast of the Field.

Gen.

19, 20.

ii.

Adduxit Domimis Deus ad Adam cuncta Animantia Teruniversa volatilia Call, ut videret quomodo vocaret ~r<z, ilia. Appellavitque Adam Nominilus suis cuncta Animan-

tia,

universa volatilia

6 omnes

Cceli,

Bestias Agri.

A. Comenii opera Didactica par.

Amst.

p. 6,

1657. fol.

Didacticae nostrae prora & puppis esto Investigare, invenire modum, quo Docentes minus doceant, Discentes vero plus discant Scholae minus habeant Streplus autem otii, deliciapitus, nauseae, vani laboris rum, solidique profectus Respublica Christiana minus tenebrarum confusionis dissidiorum plus :

;

lucis, ordinis, pacis

tranquilitatis.

THE AUTHOR'S PREFACE TO THE READER. is the means to expel Rudeness, with which wits ought to be well furnished in Schools: young But so, as that the teaching be i. True, 2. Full, 3.

Instruction

and

Clear, 1.

4. Solid.

will be true, if nothing be taught but such as lest there be a cause of

beneficial to ones life

;

complaining afterwards. We know not necessary things, because we have not learned things necessary.

will be full, if the mind be polished for wisfor eloquence, and the hands for a neat way of living. This will be that grace of one's 2.

dom, the tongue life, to be

wise, to act, to speak.

be clear, and by that, firm and solid, if taught and learned, be not obscure, or confused, but apparent, distinct, and articulate, as the fingers on the hands. 3. 4.

It will

whatever

The ground jects

of this business,

may be rightly presented may not be received. I

is,

that sensual ob-

to the senses, for fear

they say, and say it again aloud, that this last is the foundation of all the rest because we can neither act nor speak wisely, unless we first rightly understand all the things which are :

(xiii)

THE ORBIS PICTUS.

XIV

and whereof we are to speak. Now there nothing in the understanding, which was not be-

to be done, is

And therefore to exercise the senses well about the right perceiving the differences of things, will be to lay the grounds for all wisdom, fore in the sense.

and

all wise discourse, and all discreet actions in ones course of life. Which, because it is commonly

neglected in schools, and the things which are to be learned are offered to scholars, without being understood or being rightly presented to the senses, it

cometh

to pass, that the work of teaching and learning goeth heavily onward, and affordeth little benefit.. See here then a new help for schools, A Picture

and Nomenclature of all the chief things in the world, and of men's actions in their way of living Which, that you, good Masters, may not be loath to run over with your scholars, I will tell you, in short, what good you may expect from it. :

little

Book, as you see, of no great bulk, yet

a brief of the whole world, and a whole language: full of Pictures, Nomenclatures, and Descriptions of things.

The Pictures are the representation of all visible things, (to which also things invisible are reduced after their fashion,) of the whole world. And that in that very order of things, in which they are described in the Janua Latince Lingua; and with that fulness, that nothing very necessary or of great concernment i.

omitted.

II. The Nomenclatures are the Inscriptions, or Titles set every one over their own Pictures, expressing the whole thing by its own general term.

AUTHOR'S PREFACE.

III. The Descriptions are the explications of the parts of the Picture, so expressed by their own proper terms, as that same figure which is added to every piece of the picture, and the term of it, always shew-

eth what things belongeth one to another.

Which such Book, and

such a dress

may (\ hope)

serve,' I. To entice witty children to it, that they may not conceit a torment to be in the school, but dainty For it is apparent, that children (even from fare. their infancy almost,) are delighted with Pictures, and willingly please their eyes with these lights: And it will be very well worth the pains to have once '

brought

pass, that scare-crows

may be taken

away out of Wisdom's Gardens. II. This same little Book will serve to stir up the Attention, which is to be fastened upon things, and even to be sharpened more and more: which is also For the Senses (being the main a great matter. guides of childhood, because therein the mind doth not as yet raise up itself to an abstracted contemplation of things,) evermore seek their own objects, and if they be away, they grow dull, and wry themselves hither and thither out of a weariness of themselves :

when

their objects are present, they grow merry, w.ax lively, and willingly suffer themselves to be fas-

but

tened upon them, till the thing be sufficiently disThis Book then will do a good piece of cerned. service in taking ('especially flickering/ wits, preparing them for deeper studies. III.

and

Whence a third good will follow that chilwon hereunto, and drawn over with this

dren being

;

THE ORBIS PICTUS.

XVI

of heeding, may be furnished with the knowledge of the prime things that are in the world, by sport and merry pastime. In a word, this Book will

way

serve for the

and Janua the

more pleasing using

Lingitariim, for

first chiefly

be bound up iseth three

intended.

of the Vestibulum

which end Yet

if it

was even

like any, that

their native tongues also,

good thing of

at it

prom-

itself.

will afford a device for learning to read easily than hitherto, especially having a symbolical alphabet set before it, to wit, the characters I.

First

of the several letters, with the image of that creature,

whose voice that letter goeth about to imitate, picFor the young Abe scholar will easily tur'd by it. remember the force of every character by the very looking upon the creature, till the imagination being strengthened by use, can readily afford all things; and then having looked over a table of the chief syllables also fwhich yet was not thought necessary to be added to this book J he may proceed to the viewing of the Pictures, and the inscriptions set over 'em.

Where again the very looking upon the thing pictured suggesting the name of the thing, will tell him how the title of the picture is to be read. And thus the whole book being gone over by the bare titles of the pictures, reading cannot but be learned and indeed too, which thing is to be noted, without ;

using any ordinary tedious spelling, that most troublesome torture of wits, which may wholly be avoided by this method. For the often reading over the Book, by those larger descriptions of things, and which are set after the Pictures, will be able perfectly to beget a habit of reading.

AUTHOR'S PREFACE.

The same book being used

II.

xvii

in English, in

Eng-

lish Schools, will serve for the perfect learning of the

whole English tongue, and that from the bottom; because by the aforesaid descriptions of things, the words and phrases of the whole language are found set

lish

own places. And Grammar might be added at the

orderly in their

a short

Eng-

end, clearly resolving the speech already understood into its parts; shewing the declining of the several words,

and reducing those that are joined together under certain rules. III.

Thence

new

English Translation

benefit cometh, that that very may serve for the more ready

and pleasant learning of the Latin tongue as one may see in this Edition, the whole book being so translated, that every where one word answereth to the word over against it, and the book is in all things the same, only in two idioms, as a man clad in a double garment. And there might be also some observations and advertisements added in the end, touching those things only, wherein the use of the Latin tongue differeth from the English. For where there is no difference, there needeth no adver:

tisement to be given.

But, because the

first tasks

and single, we have filled this first book of training one up to see a thing of himself, with nothing but rudiments, that is, with the chief of things and words, or with the grounds of the whole world, and the whole language, and of all our understanding about things. If a more perfect description of things, and a fuller knowledge of a language, and a clearer light of the understanding be learners ought to be

little

THE ORBIS PICTUS.

XV111

sought after fas they ought to be,) they are to be found somewhere whither there will now be an easy passage by this our little Encyclopaedia of things subject to the senses. Something remaineth to be said the more chearful use of this book. touching it be given to children into their hands to themselves withal as they please, with the delight I.

Let

sight of the pictures, and

making them

themselves as may be, and that even they be put to school. II.

Then

pecially

let

now

as familiar to

home

before

them be examined ever and anon what this thing or

in the school)

festhat

is, and is called, so that they may see nothing which they know not how to name, and that they can name nothing which they cannot shew.

thing

III. And let the things named them be shewed, not only in the Picture, but also in themselves; for example, the parts of the body, clothes, books, the house, utensils, 6^.

IV. Let them be suffered also to imitate the Pictures by handj if they will, nay rather, let them be encouraged, that they may be willing first, thus to :

quicken the attention also towards the things; and to observe the proportion of the parts one towards another; and lastly to practise the nimbleness of the hand, which is good for many things. V. If anything here mentioned, cannot sented to the eye, it will be to no purpose offer them by themselves to the scholars; as relishes, 6-v., which cannot here be pictured

be preat all to

colours,

out with

For which reason it were to be wished, that things rare and not easy to be met withal at home,

ink.

xix

AUTHOR'S PREFACE.

might be kept ready in every great school, that they may be shewed also, as often as any words are to be

made of them, to the scholars. Thus at last this school would indeed become

school of things obvious to the senses, and an entrance to the school intellectual. But enough Let us come to the thing it self. ,

THE TRANSLATOR, TO

ALL

JUDICIOUS

AND INDUSTRIOUS SCHOOL-MASTERS. Gentlemen. are a few of you (I think} but have seen, and with great willingness made use of (or at least perused,,) many of the Books of this of this well-deserving Author Mr. John Comenius, which for

There

their profitableness to the speedy attainment of a language, have been translated in several countries, out of Latin into their own native tongue. Now the general verdict ( after trial made,) that hath

passed, touching those formerly extant, is this, that they are indeed of singular use, and very advantageous to those of more discretion, ( especially to such as already have a smattering of Latin^ to help their

memories to retain what they have scatteringly gotten here and there, to furnish them with many words, which (perhaps) they had not formerly read, or so well observed;

young children fwhom we

but to

have chiefly to instruct,) as those that are ignorant altogether of things and words, and prove rather a meer toil and burthen, than a delight and furtherance.

For

pack up many words

not conceived in the mind,

empty imaginations, and

(XX)

memory, of things

in is

make

fill

the head with

the learner

xxi

TRANSLATOR'S PREFACE. to

admire the multitude and variety fand thereby, to

become discouraged, ) than to care to treasure them up, in hopes to gain more knowledge of what they mean.

hath therefore in some of his latter works

seemed

move

retrograde, and striven

come

nearer the reach of tender wits and in this present Book, he hath, according to my judgment, descended to the very bottom of what is to be taught, and proceeded (as nature it self doth,) in an orderly way first to exercise the senses well, by representing their objects to them, and then to fasten upon the intellect by impressing the first notions of things upon it, and linking them on to another :

;

Whereas indeed, we, gendo teach children as we do way, erally missing not what, nay which is know to speak they parrots, of the worse, we, taking teaching little ones by way Grammar only at the first, do puzzle their imaginations with abstractive terms and secondary intentions, which till they be somewhat acquainted with things, and the words belonging to them, in the language which they learn, they cannot apprehend what they mean. And this I guess to be the reason, why many great persons do resolve sometimes not to put a child to school till he be at least eleven or twelve years of age, presuming that he having then taken notice of most things, will sooner get the knowledge of the words which are applyed to them in any language. But the gross misdemeanor of such children for the most part, have taught many parents to be hasty enough to send their own to school, if not that they may learn, yet fat least,) that they might be kept out by a rational discourse. this

THE ORBIS PICTUS.

XX11

of harm's way; and yet if they do not profit for the time they have been at school, (no respect at all being had for their years,) the Master shall be sure enough to bear the blame.

So that a School-master had need

bend

his wits

come within

the compass of a child's capacity of six or seven years of age ^seeing we have now such

commonly brought

our Grammar-schools to learn

make that they may learn delight and willingness, as himself

the Latin Tongue,) and to

with as

much

would teach with dexterity and ent

know no

better help

scholars than this

little

ease.

And

at pres-

forward his young

Book, which was for this German and

purpose contrived by the Author in the Latin Tongues.

What profitable use may be had thereof, respecting chiefly that his own country and language, he himself hath told you in his preface; but what use we

may

here

now

clare

;

our Grammar-schools, as

translated into English, I shall partly deleaving all other men, according to my wont,

to their it,

make

own

discretion and liberty, to use or refuse So soon then as a child can read

as they please.

English perfectly, and is brought to us to school to learn Latin, I would have him together with his Accidence, to be provided of this Book, in which he may at least once a day fbeside his Accidence,) be thus exercised.

Let him look over the pictures with their genand inscriptions, till he be able to turn to readily any one of them, and to tell its name either in English or Latin. By this means he shall I.

eral titles

TRANSLATOR'S PREFACE.

xxiii

have the method of the Book in his head and be easily furnished with the knowledge of most things; and instructed how to call them, when at any time he meeteth with them elsewhere, in their real forms. ;

Let him read the description at large: First in English, and afterward in Latin, till he can readily read, and distinctly pronounce the words in both II.

Languages, ever minding how they are spelled. And withal, let him take notice of the figures inserted, and to what part of the picture they direct by their like till he be well able to find out every particular thing of himself, and to name it on a sudden, either in lish or Latin. Thus he shall not only gain the

Engmost

primitive words, but be understandingly grounded in Orthography, which is a thing too generally neglected by us; partly because our English schools think that children should learn it at the Latin, and

our Latin schools suppose they have already learn'd it at the English partly, because our common Grammar is too much defective in this part, and scholars so little exercised therein, that they pass from schools to the Universities and return from thence fsome of them} more unable to write true English, than either Latin or Greek. Not to speak of our ordinary Tradesmen, many of whom write such false English, that none but themselves can interpret what they scribble in their bills and shop-books. ;

Then

let him get the Titles and Descriptions he will more easily do, by reason of which by heart, these impressions which the viewing of the pictures hath already made in his memory. And now let him also learn, i. To construe, or give the words one by III.

THE ORBIS PICTUS.

XXIV

one, as they answer one another in Latin and English. 2. To Parse, according to the rulesAfwhich I presume by this time} he hath learn'cTTn the first

part of his Accidence; where I would have him tell what part of Speech any word is, and then what ac-

cidents belong to

it;

but especially to decline the

nouns and conjugate the verbs according to the Examples in his Rudiments; and this doing will enable him to know the end and use of his Accidence. As for the Rules of Genders of Nouns, and the Praeterperfect-tenses and Supines of Verbs, and those of Concordance and Construction in the latter part of the Accidence, I would not have a child much troubled with them, till by the help of this Book he can perfectly practise so much of Etymology, as concerns the first part of his Accidence only. For that,

and

book together, being thoroughly learn 'd by going them over, will much prepare children to go chearfully forward in their Grammar and School-Authors, especially, if whilst they are at

this

least thrice

employed herein, they be taught also to write a fair and legible hand. There is one thing to be given notice of, which I wish could have been remedied in this Translation;

Book being writ in high-Dutch doth express things in reference to that Country and Speech, which cannot without alteration of some Pictures as well as words be expressed in ours for the Symbolthat the

many

ical

Alphabet

than for ours.

fitted for

German

And whereas

children rather

words of

that Lanone for one with the Latin, our guage go orderly of will not admit the like. English propriety Speech Therefore it will behove those Masters that intend

the

xxv

TRANSLATOR'S PREFACE.

make use their young to

of this Book, to construe

who

verbatim to

do Scholars, of themselves, after they be once acquainted with the first words of Nouns, and Verbs, and their manwill quickly learn to

ner of variation.

Such

work

much

as this,

observe to have been form-

some experienced Teachers, and I my self had some years since ^whilst my own Child lived) begun the like, having found it most agreeable to the best witted Children, who are most erly

desired by

taken up with Pictures from their Infancy, because by them the knowledge of things which they seem to represent fand whereof Children are as yet ignor-

most easily conveyed to the Understanding. But for as much as the work is now done, though in some things not so completely as it were to be wished, I rejoyce in the use of it, and desist in my own under-

ant,) are

takings for the present. And because any good thing is the better, being the more communicated; I have herein imitated a Child

who

forward to impart to You then that

others what himself has well liked. have the care of little Children, do not

much

trouble

and clog their memories with bare Grammar Rudiments, which to them are harsh in getting, and fluid in retaining; because indeed to them they signifie nothing, but a mere swimming notion of a general term, which they know not what their thoughts

meaneth,

this or the

they comprehend particulars, but by like subsidiary, inform them, first with

till

some knowledge of things and words wherewith

express them, and then their Rules of speaking will be better understood and more firmly kept in mind. Else how should a Child conceive what a Rule mean-

THE ORBIS PICTUS.

XXVI eth,

when he

neither

knoweth what the Latin word im-

porteth, nor what manner of thing it is which is signified to him in his own native Language, which is

given him thereby to understand the Rule?

For Rules consisting of generalities, are delivered (as I may say,) at a third hand, presuming first the things^ and then the words to be already apprehended touching which they are made. I might indeed enlarge upon this Subject, it being the very Basis of our Profession, to

hold by so

search into the

little

and

we may apply

little

way of Childrens taking we teach them, that

of what

ourselves to their reach

leave the observation thereof to your

own

But

daily exer-

and experience got thereby. I pray God, the fountain and giver of all wisthat hath bestowed upon us this gift of Teachdom, so to ing, inspire and direct us by his Grace, that we may train up Children in his Fear and in the knowledge of his Son Jesus Christ our Lord and then no doubt our teaching and their learning of other cise,

And

;

things subordinate to these, will by the assistance of his blessed Spirit make them able and willing to do him faithful Service both in Church and Commonwealth, as long as they live here, that so they may be eternally blessed with him hereafter. This, I beseech you, beg for me and mine, as I shall daily do for

you and yours, at the throne of God's heavenly grace and remain while I live Ready to serve you, as I truly love and honour you, and labour willingly in the same Profession with ;

CHARLES HOOLE.

you,

From my

School, in

Lothbury, London, Jan. 25, 1658.

TRANSLATOR'S PREFACE.

xxvii

N. B. Those Heads or Descriptions which concern things beyond the present apprehension of Children's wits, as, those of Geography, Astronomy, or the like, I would have omitted, till the rest be learned, and a Child be better able to understand them.

Judgment of Mr. Hezekiah Woodward, someeminent Schoolmaster in LONDON,/*?^//*'/^ a work of this Nature ; in his Gate to Science, chap. 2. The.

times an

Certainly the use of Images or Representations is great : If we could make our words as legible to Children as Pictures are, their information therefrom would be quickned and surer. But so we cannot do, though we must do what we can. And if we had Books, wherein are the Pictures of all Creatures, Herbs, Beasts, Fish, Fowls, they would stand us in great For Pictures are the most intelligible Books that Children can look upon. They come closest to stead.

Nature, nay, saith Scaliger, Art exceeds her.

ADVERTISEMENT CONCERNING THIS EDITION.

some considerable Alterations in the Edition of this Book from the former, present it may be expected an Account should be given 'Tis certain from the of the Reasons for them.

there are

Author's Words, that when it was first published, which was in Latin and Hungary, or in Latin and High-Dutch; every where one word answer'd to anThis might have been observ'd other over-against it in our English Translation, which wou'd have fully answer'd the design of COMENIUS, and have made the Book much more useful: But Mr. Hoole, (whether out of too much scrupulousness to disturb the Words in some places from the order they were in, or not sufficiently considering the Inconveniences of having the Latin and English so far asunder) has made them so much disagree, that a Boy has sometimes to seek :

7 is

or 8 lines off for the corresponding Word; which no small trouble to Young Learners who are at

equally unacquainted with all Words, in a Lanto, except it be such as have Figures of Reference, or are very like in sound and thus may perhaps, innocently enough join an Adverb in one Tongue, to a Noun in the other whence may first

guage they are strangers

;

(

xxviii)

AN ADVERTISEMENT,

&C.

appear the Necessity of the Translation's being exactly literal, and the two Languages fairly answering one another, Line for Line. be objected, such a thing cou'd not be done (considering the difference of the Idioms) without transplacing Words here and there, and putting them into an order which may not perhaps be exactly classical; it ought to be observed, this is design'd for Boys chiefly, or those who are just entering upon the Latin Tongue, to whom every thing ought to be If

made

as plain

and familiar

as possible,

who

are not,

beginning, to be taught the elegant placing of Latin, nor from such short Sentences as these, but from Discourses where the Periods have a fuller Close. Besides, this way has already taken

their

first

(according to the Advice of very good Judges,) in some other School-Books of Mr. Hoole's translating, and found to succeed abundantly well.

Such Condescensions as these, to the capacities of young Learners are certainly very reasonable, and wou'd be most agreeable to the Intentions of the Ingenious and worthy Author, and his design to suit whatever he taught, to their manner of apprehending it. Whose Excellency in the art of Education made him so famous all over Europe, as to be solicited by several States and Princes to go and reform the Method of their Schools; and whose works carried that Esteem, that in his own Life-time some part of them were not only translated into 12 of the usual

Languages of Europe, but also into the Arabic, TurkPersian, and Mogolic (the common Tongue of all that part of the East-Indies] and since his death, into

ish,

XXX

THE ORBIS PICTUS.

the Hebrew, and

some

others.

Nor

did they want

due Encouragement here in England, some Years ago; 'till by an indiscreet use of them, and want of a thorow acquaintance with his Method, or unwillingness to part from their old road, they began to be almost quite left off: Yet it were heartily to be wish'd, some Persons of Judgment and Interest, whose Example might have an influence upon others, and bring them into Reputation again, wou'd revive the COMENIAN METHOD^ which is no other, than to make our Scholars learn with Delight and chearfulness, and to convey a solid and useful Knowledge of Things, with that of Languages, in an easy, natural and familiar way. Didactic Works (as they are now collected into one volume) for a speedy attaining the Knowledge of Things and Words, join'd with the Discourses of Mr. Lock* and 2 or 3 more out of our own Nation, for forming the Mind and settling good their

Habits,

may

doubtless be look'd upon to contain the

most reasonable, orderly, and completed System of the Art of Education, that can be met with.

how few are there, who follow the way Yet, alas they have pointed out ? tho' every one who seriously considers it, must be convinc'd of the Advantage; and the generality of Schools go on in the same old dull road, wherein a great part of Children's time is !

lost in a tiresome

heaping up a Pack of dry and un-

profitable, or pernicious Notions (for surely

little

*Mr. Lock's Essay upon Education. Dr. Tabor's Christain Schoolmaster.

Walker of Education. Mr. Monro's Essay on Education. His just Measures of the pious Institutions of Youth, &c Dr. Ob.

AN ADVERTISEMENT,

XXXI

&C.

better can be said of a great part of that Heathenish tormented with like the feeding them

stuff they are

;

with hard Nuts, which when they have almost broke their teeth with cracking, they find either deaf or to contain but very rotten and unwholesome Kernels) whilst Things really perfected of the understanding, and useful in every state of Life, are left unregarded, to the Reproach of our Nation, where all other Arts are improved and flourish well, only this of Education of Youth is at a stand as if that, the good or ill ;

management

of which

of the utmost consequence

a thing not worth any Endeavors to imor was already so perfect and well executed prove that it needed none, when many of the greatest Wisdom and Judgment in several Nations, have with

to all,

were

it,

indignation endeavor'd to expose it, and to more easy and useful way in its room. 'Tis not easy to say little on so important a subject, but thus much may suffice for the present purpose.

a just

establish a

The Book has merit enough those who know how to make

recommend

self to

It a right use of it. reckon'd one of the Author's best performances ;

was and

many Impressions and

Translations it has had in parts beyond Sea, has been several times reprinted here. It was endeavor'd no needless Altera-

besides the

tions shou'd be admitted in this Edition, and as little of any as cou'd consist with the design of making it

plain and useful; to shun the offence it might give to some and only the Roman and Italic Character ;

made use cou'd be avoided.

alternately

London, July

13, 1727.

of,

where transplacing of Words J.

o o

Orbis Sensualium Pictus,

World

Things Obvious to the

drawn

Senses

Invitation.

in Pictures..

Invitatio.

The Master and

the J$oy,

t,gtster

& Pner.

Boy, "4fe?.rn to M. Wern, Puer, disce sabe wi?e. ', pere/ P. Quid hoc est, Sapere? P. What dbth this mean,

Qome,

-, *

to be

wise

M. To understand right-

Inteliig'ere recte,

to do rightly,

and

out

all that

rightly

to speak

agere recte, et eloqui recte

are

omnia

necessaria.

necessary. P.

Who

will teach

Quis docebit me hoc?

this?

M. P.

M. I thorow

M. Ego, cum DEO.

by God's help.

How

will

guide

Quomodo ?

M. Ducam

thee

per

omnia.

all.

will

shew thee

all.

Ostendam

will

name

all.

Nominabo tibi omnia. P. En, adsum due me

thee

P. See, here I am lead in the name of God. ;

omnia.

tibi

;

nomine DEI. M. Ante omnia, debes

M. Before all things, thou oughtest to learn the discere simplices Sonos ex of which quibus Sermo humanus plain sounds, man's speech consisteth; constat quos Animalia which living creatures sciunt for mare, & tua Linknow how to make, and gua scit imitari, & tua ;

thy Tongue knoweth how to imitate, and thy hand can

Manus

potest pingere.

picture out.

Afterwards we will go into the World, and

view

all

Postea ibimus Mundum, we will & spectabimus omnia.

things.

Here thou hast Hie, hflbes vivum lively and Vocal Alphabet. cale.Alph'abetum. '''' c.

vo-

(3) Comix cornicatur, The Crow crieth. Agnus

balat,

The Lamb

a a

ci ci

blaiteth.

Cicada stridet,

The Grasshopper Upupa

chirpeth.

dicit,

du du

e e

The Whooppoo saith. Infans eiulat, J /

The Infant Ventus

crieth. fi

flat,

The Wind bloweth. Anser gingrit,

The Os

ga ga

Goose gagleth.

ha'h ha'h

halat,

The Mouth breatheth

Mus

mintrit,

The Mouse Anas

out.

i i

chirpeth.

tetrinnit,

kha, kha

The Duck quaketh. Lupus ululat,

lu ulu

The JW/howleth. Ursus murmurat,

[mum mum-

The Bear grumbleth.

Felts clamat,

The Cat

nau nau

o o o

crieth.

Auriga clamat,

The

Carter crieth.

Pullus pipit,

The

pi pi

Chicken peepeth.

Cuculus cuculat,

The cuckow

kuk ku

Cants ringitur,

The

singeth.

err

dog grinneth. si

tac tac

Serpens sibilat,

The

Serpent hisseth.

Graculus clamat,

The Jay Bubo

crieth.

ululat,

The <9//hooteth. va

Lepus vagit,

The Hare squeaketh. Rana coaxat, coax The Frog croaketh.

A sinus

y y y

ds ds

rudit,

The Asse Tabanus

brayeth. dicit,

The Breeze or saith.

Horse-flie

(S) God

Deus.

II.

est ex seipso, ab in aeternum. everlasting to everlasting. seterno &beatisPerfectissimum a most perfect and

God

of himself from

Deus

simum

most blessed Being. In his Essence Spiritual, In his Personality,T\\rQQ. In his Will, Holy, Just,

Merciful and True. In his

Power very

his

unus.

and One.

Ens.

Essentid Spiritualis

Goodness,

great.

very

Hypos tasi Trinus. Voluntate, Sanctus, Justus, Clemens, Verax. Potentid

maximus.

Bonitate Optimus.

good. In his Wisdom, unmeasurable.

Light inaccessible

;

Sapientid,

Lux

inaccessa;

& tamen omnia

bus. and yet all in all. Ubique & Every where, and no

where.

immensus. in

nullibi.

omni-

The chiefest Good, and Summum Bonum, et sothe only and inexhausted lus et inexhaustus Fons Fountain of all good omnium Bonorum. things. As the

Creator, so

the

Governour and Preserver of tor all things,

the

which we

call

World.

Coclum,

\ .

pendent Aves,

under the Clouds.

Beasts,

Stellas.

in y^r^.

Pisces, 4.

swim in the Water. The Earth hath Hills, 6. fields, 7.

and Men,

volant sub nubibus.

fishes, 4.

habet Ignem Nubes, 2.

The Clouds, z. hang in the Air.

Woods,

Mundus.

III.

The Heaven, hath Fire, and Stars.

fly

omnium

rerum,quas vocamus Mundum.

The World.

Birds,

Creator, ita Guberna-

et Conservator

natant in Aqua. Terra habet Mantes, 5. Sylvas, 6.

Campos, 7. Homines,

Anitnalia, 8.

9,.

)

maxima

Thus the greatest Bodies of the World, the four Elements, are full of iheir own

sunt plena Habitatoribus

Inhabitants.

suis.

The Heaven.

Ita

Cesium.

IV.

The Heaven, i. wheeled about, and

Corpora

Mundi, quatuor Elementa,

Cxlum, rotatur,

encompasseth the Earth,2. ambit Terram, 2. stantem in medio. standing in the middle.

The Sun,

Sol, 3.

wheresoever

it is,

perpetually,

shineth ubi ubi

howsoever

dark Clouds, 4. may take it from us and causeth by his Rays,

and the

against

it,

facitque suis Radiis,

Lucem,

Light, Day, On the other side, over is

Darkness,

and thence Night.

fulget

perpetuo, ut ut densa Nubila, 4. eripiant eum a nobis;

;

Light,

est,

Lux

Diem.

opposite, sunt Teneinde Nox.

brce, 6.

Nocte

In the Night

shineth the Moon, and the Stars, 8. glister

and twinkle.

In the Evening, is

splendet Luna,

micant, scintillant. Vesperi,

est Crepusculum:

Twilight:

In the Morning,

Stella, 8.

Mane Aurora, & Diluculum.

10.

the breaking, and dawning of the Day.

10.

Fire.

The jftVvgloweth, burnand consumeth to

eth

Ignis.

Ignis ardet, urit,

cremat.

ashes.

A spark of it struck out Scintilla ejus elisa of a Flint (or Firestone), 2. e Silicf, (Pyrite) 2. by means of a Steel, i. Ope Chalybis, \

and taken by Tynder a Tynder -box, 3. lighteth a Match,

and

excepta a Fomite

in Suscitabulo, 3. 4.

after that a Candle^

accendit Sulphuratum, et inde Candelam, 5.

(9) or

vel Lignum, 6.

stick, 6.

and causeth aflame, 7. or blaze, 8. which catcheth hold of the Houses. Smoak, g. ascendeth therefrom,

which, sticking to the

(or

Fumus,

Ex i.

stick). hot Coal

(red hot piece of a Fire-brand)

fit

Torre,

Titio, ii.

(lignum extinctum.) Ex Pruna, (candente particuld fit

(or a dead Cinder].

Car bo,

(Particula mortua.}

That which remaineth,

Quod tandem

Ashes, 13.

and Embers (or hot

10.

Torris,)

a Coal, 12.

is at last

ascendit inde, qui, adhaerans

(ligno ardente,)

quenched

made

corripit

dificia.

a Fire-brand,

Of a

quod

abit in Fuliginem.

Soot.

(or burning stick) is made a Brand, \

Flamrnam,

vel Incendium,

Camino,

10.

Chimney,

turneth into

et excitat

Ashes).

remanet, est Cinis, 13.

Favilla (ardens Cinis.}

(10} The

cool Air, i. breatheth gently.

The Wind,

bloweth strongly.

Storm,

Aerv

VI.

Air.

Aura,

spirat leniter.

Vent us, flat

valide.

Procella,

throweth down Trees.

sternit Arbores.

A Whirl-wind, 4. turneth it self in a round

agit se in

Turbo,

gyrum.

compass.

A Wind under Ground,^. Ventus subterraneus, excitat Terrce motum. causeth an Earthquake. An Earthquake causeth Terrae motus facit Labes (& ruinas.) 6. gapings of the Earth, (and falls of Houses.) 6.

The Water.

VII.

Aqua.

The Water springeth out of a fountain, i. fioweth downwards

e fonte,

in a Brook,

runneth

in a

./?,

standeth in a Pond, glideth in a Stream, is

4. 5.

whirled about

in a Whirl-pit,

and causeth

13.

Almost

Necks of Land,

Tor rente,

manat

in -Km?,

stat in Stagno, 4. fluit in

Flumine,

in Vortice, 7.

The River hath Banks, 8. The *SV<z maketh Shores,*). Bays, 10. Capes, n. Islands, 12.

defluit

gyratur

fens,

scatet

Islands, 14.

Straights, 15. and hath in it Rocks, 16.

facit Paludes, 7.

Flumen habet Ripas. Mare facit Littor a, 9. Sinus, 10. Promontoria,

Insulas, 12. Peninsulas, 13.

Isthmos, 14. freta, 15.

habet Scopulos,

16.

(12) The Clouds.

Vapour,

VIII.

ascendeth

from the Water.

From is 3.

a Cloud,

Nubes.

Vapor,

ascendit ex

Aqua. Inde Nubes,

made, and a white Mist, near the Earth.

fit,

et Nebula,

prope terram.

Pluvia, 4. Rain, 4. and a small Shower distil- et Iniber, leth out of a Cloud, drop stillat e Nube,

by drop.

Which being

guttatim. frozen,

half frozen

Quae

gelata, Grando,

Snow, semigelata, Nix, 6. 6. being warm is Mel-dew. calefacta, Rubigo est. In a rainy Cloud, In nube pluviosa, opposet over against the Sun sita soli Iris, 7. apparet. the Rainbow, 7. appeareth. A drop falling into the Guttaincidens in aquam, water maketh a Hubble, 8. facit Bullam, 8. multae Bullce. faciunt many Bubbles make Hail,

spumam,

froth, 9.

Frozen Water

called

Aqua congelata

Ice, 10.

Glades,

Dew

Ros congelatus,

congealed,

10.

r is

called a white Frost.

Thunder

made

dicitur Pruina. Tonitru fit ex

of a

brimstone-like vapour,

which breaking out of

Vapor e sulphureo, a

quod erumpens e Nube Fulgure, n.

Cloud, with Lightning, n, thundereth and striketh with lightning.

cum

The

IX.

Earth.

In the Earth are

high Mountains,

Deep

Hills rising, 3.

Plain Fields,

Shady

fulminat.

Terra.

In Terra sunt Alti Monies,

voiles,

Elevati Colles, 3. cavae Speluncse, 4.

Plani campi,

Wood?,,

Profundae

Vallies, 2.

Hollow Caves,

tonat

Opacae Sylvae,

The

Fruits of the Earth.

meadow,

yieldeth

grass with Flowers

and

Herbs, which being cut down, are made ^czy, 2.

A Field,

yieldeth

and Min-

erals

grow

Pratum,

cum

Floribus

qtiae

defecta

fert

Gramma,

Herbis

fiunt

F&num, 2. Arvum, 3. fert Fruges,

Frag a,

Myrtle-trees, &c. in Woods.

Metals, Stones,

Terrae Foetus.

& Olera, 4. <F', 5.

and Pot herbs, 4. Mushrooms, 5. Straw-berries,

Myrtilli, &c.

Proveniunt in Sylvis.

Metalia,

Lapides,

Mineralia, wwtfcr M<r

<ra/-///.

nascuntur sub terra.

r 15

Metals.

Lead,

Iron,

and

Plumbum, i. molle & grave. Ferrum, 2. est durum,

and heavy.

is soft,

Metalla.

2. is

Steel, 3.

est

hard, harder.

They make Tankards (or Cans],

Calybs, 3. durior.

Faciunt Cantharos,^.

of Tin.

e Stanno.

of Copper, Candlesticks, 6. of Latin,

Ahena,

JDoilers, j of Silver, Ducats and Crown-pieces,

Thaleros,

Kettles, 5.

8. li-

always and eateth thorow of Gold.

Quick-silver

quid,

e Cupro,

ex Orichalco, ex Argento,

Candelabra,6. 7.

Scut atos et Coronates,

Ex, ^4wra

Argentum Vivum, semper liquet,

corrodit Metalla.

Stones.

Sand, is

Stone

Lapides.

i. and Gravel, z. broken into bits.

A great is

Stone,

Arena, est Lapis

a Rock (or Crag) 4. Whetstone, 5. a Flint, 6. a Marble,

Cos, 5. 7.

&c.

are ordinary Stones.

Load-stone, 8.

it.

Jewels, 9. are clear Stones, as

The Diamond white, The Ruby red, The Sapphire blue, The Emerald green, The Jacinth yellow,

And

they glister

being cut into corners. Pearls

grow

and

est pars Petr(c (Cautis) 4.

draweth Iron

Sabulum,

comminutus.

Saxum,

a piece of

Unions, 10. in Shell-fish.

Silex, 6.

Marmor,

&c.

sunt obscuri Lapides. Magnes, 8. adtrahit ferrum.

Gemmae, 9. sunt pellucidi Lapilli, ut Adamas candidus, Rubinus rubeus, Sapphirus caeruleus,

Smaragdus viridis, &c. Hyacynthus luteus, &c. et

micant

angulati.

Margarita & Uniones, crescunt in Conchis.

10.

Corals,

Amber,

1 1

Corallia,

12. is

Succimun,\z. colligitur

gathered

from the Sea.

e mari.

Glass, 13.

in Marinfi arbusculd.

in a Sea-shrub.

Vitrum,

13.

simile est

Chrystallo.

Chrystal.

Arbor.

XIII.

Tree.

w$ Hs

vsffl

fPmhw^ ^ ^vv

ifc*;^

IiZjai_2:Sx.

Plant, i. from a Seed.

groweth

plant waxeth to a

Shoot,

Planta, e Semine.

beareth up the Tree. The Body or Stem, riseth

The Stem

divideth

of Leaves,

Stirps (Stemma] Surgit e radice.

self

and green Branches,

made

Radix, 4. Sustentat arborem.

from the Root".

into Boughs,

Frutex in Arbor em,

./?#<?/,

procrescit

Planta abit in Fruticem,

Shoot to a TVw,

The

Stirps se dividit in

Ramos,

Frondes,

6. 7.

factas e Foliis,

The is in

Cacumen,

top, 9.

the height.

The is

is; est in

Stock, 10.

Truncus, 10. adhaerat radicibus.

close to the roots.

A is

Log, ii. the body fell'd

Caudex,

down

^V<?;//

Pit h and Heart,

pulpam

13.

1 1

est Stipes dejectus,

without Boughs; having Bark and Rind, 12. Bird-lime,

summo.

sine ramis; habens G?r-

& Libmm, 12. & medulla m,

13.

Vis cum, 14.

14.

groweth upon the boughs, adnascitur ramis, which also sweat qui etiam sudant,

Gumm,

Gu mini,

Rosin,

Resinarn,

Pitch, &c.

Pic em, &c.

XIV.

Fruits of Trees.

Fruits that have no shells are pull'd

from

fruit-bearing trees.

The

Apple,

round.

Fructus Arborum.

Porna

decerpuntur, a fructiferis arboribus.

Malum,

est

rotundum.

The Pear,

and Fig,

are something long.

The

Cherry,

hangeth by a long The Plumb, 5. and Peach, 6.

Pyrum,

start.

by a shorter.

Prunum,

Persicum,

breviori.

The Mulberry,

Morum,

brevissimo.

The Wall-nut, the Hazel-nut, 9.

Avellana,

TW/jr Juglans, 8.

Chest-nut, 10.

are wrapped in a husk and a Shell. Barren trees are n.

The The The The

Ficus,

pendet longo Pediolo.

by a very short one.

and

sunt oblonga. Cerasum, 4.

Firr, the Alder, Birch, the Cypress,

Castanea, 10.

involuta sunt Cortici Putamini. Steriles arbores sunt

Abies, Alnus,

Betula, Cupressus, Beech, the ^A, Fagus, Fraxinus, Sallow, the Linden-tree, Salix, Tilia, &c. sed pleraeque umbriferae. &c., but most of them affording shade.

But the Juniper, 12. and Bay-tree, 13. yield

Berries.

Baccas.

The The

Pine,

Pine-apples.

?#/, 15.

Acorns and Galls.

At Juniper us, Laurus, Pinus,

13.

14.

12.

ferunt

Strobilos,

Quercus, 15. Glandes & Gallas.

Flowers.

Amongst

Floras..

the Flowers

Inter flores

the most noted, In the beginning of

notissimi,

Primo

the Spring are the Violet, i. the Crow -toes,

the Daffodil, 3. Then the Lillies,

vere,

Viola,

Narcissus,

Turn

white and yellow

alba

and blew, 5. and the Rose, 6. and the Clove-gillyflowers^

Hyacinthus,?... 3.

Lilia, 4.

lutea,

coerulea,

tandem Rosa, 7.

Caryophillum,

&c.

O f these

Garlands,

and Nosegay s, 9. are tyed round with twigs. There are added also sweet herbs, 10. as Marjoram,

his Serta,

Service, 9.

vientur.

Adduntur etiam Her bee odora tee, o. \

ut Amaracus,

Flower gentle, Rue,

Amaranthus, Ruta,

Lavender, Rosemary.

Lavendtila,

Rosmarinus, (Libanotis),

r 21

Hypossus, Nard,

Hysop, Spike, Basil, Sage,

Ocymum,

Minis, &c.

Menta, &c.

Amongst ii. the

Field-flowers,

most noted are

Salvia,

Inter Campestres Flores, n. notissimi sunt Lilium Convallium,

the May-lillie, Germander, the Blew-Bottle, Chamczdrys, Cyanus, Chamomel, &c. Chamizmelum, &c.

And amongst

Herbs,

Trefoil.

Wormwood,

Sorrel,

the Nettle, &c.

The

Tulip, 12.

the grace of flowers, but affording no smell. is

Pot-herbs

Gardens,

Lettice,

Colewort,

Onions,

Absinthium, Acetosa, Urtica, &c. 12.

Tulip a, est

decus Florum,

sed expers odoris.

XVI.

Potherbs.

grow

Et Herbae, Cytisus (Trifolium)

Olera.

Olera

nascuntur in hortis, ut Lactuca, Brassica, Cepa,

Garlick, 4. Gourd, The Parsnep, 6. The Turnep, 7. The Radish, 8. Horse-radish,

Parsly,

Rap a,

Cucumbers,

Cucurbita,

6. 7.

Raphanus minor, Raphanus major,

8. 9.

Petroselinum, 10.

10. \

Cucumeres,

and Pompions,

12.

Pepones,

Some

Fruges,

scunt super culmum,

distinct um geniculis, ut, Triticum, i.

parted by

hath

Hordeum, 3. quibus Spica habet

Siligo, 2.

it is without awnes, and it nourisheth the CVr in the Husk. Some instead of an ear, have a rizom (or plume) containing the corn by bunches, as Oats, 4. Millet,^.

Turkey-wheat,

Frumenta quaedam cre-

grows upon

straiv,

as Wheat, i. -^/V, 2, Barley, in which the awnes, or else

1 1

12,

XVII.

Corn.

A/Hum,

Aristas, aut est mtitica, fo-

vetque grana

gluma.

Quaedam pro Spica, habent Paniculam, continentem grana fasciatim, ut, Avena, 4. ilium, 5. Frumentiim Saracenicum, 6.

Pulse have Cods, which enclose the corns

two

Shales,

as Pease,

Legumina habent Siliquas, quae includunt grana valvulis, ut,

Beans, 8. Vetches, 9. and those that are less than

Pisum,

Fabcz,

Vicia, 9.

& minores his & Cicera.

these Lentils and Urlcs (or Lentes Tares).

Shrubs.

XVIII.

plant being greater,

and harder than an herb, called a Shrub such as are is

Frutices.

Planta major durior herba, dicitur Frutex : ut sunt

In Banks and Ponds, the Rush, i the Bulrush, 2.

Scirpus,

or Cane without knots

[Canna] enodis

bearing

Cats-tails,

and the Reed, 3. which is knotty and hollow within. Elsewhere,

In ripis

stagnis,

Juncus,

ferens Typhos,

Arundo,

nodosa

intus.

Alibi,

cava

(

24;

the Rose, the Bastard-Corinths,

Rosa,

the Elder, the Juniper. Also the F/TZ<?, 5. which

Sambucus, Juniperns,

putteth forth branches,

quse emittit Palmites,

and these

Ribes,

tendrels, 7.

hang Grapes, which contain

Vitis, 5.

et hi Capreolos, 7.

Vine-leaves, 8.

and Bunches of grapes, on the stock whereof

Item

Pampinos, 8. et Racemes, 9.

quorum Scapo pendent

Uvce,

Grape-stones. continentes Acinos.

XIX. Living-Creatures: and First, Birds.

Animalia:

& primum.

Aves.

Animal vivit, living Creature liveth, perceiveth, moveth itself: sentit, movet se; is

nascitur, moritur,

born, dieth, nourished,

and groweth or sitteth, or or goeth.

standeth,

lieth,

nutritur, crescit

;

stat,

aut sedet, aut cubat, aut graditur.

Bird, (Fisher,

Avis, (hie Halcyon,

in mari nidulans.) here the King's making her nest in the Sea.) is covered with Feathers^ tegitur PI u mis, 2,

flyeth with Wings,

hath two Pinions,

many

a Tail,

and a

Feet,

8. /<yr///

Eggs,

sitting upon them, hatcheth young ones, 1 An Egg is cover'd with a Shell, 12. 1 .

under which

Tame Fowls. "E^^

Cock, in

incubans

Ovum /(?.$/#,

XX.

iis,

hoc

tegitur

Albumen, 14.

ponitQva., 10.

excludit Pullos, n.

sub qua

the White, 13. in this the Yolk,

Rostrum, Fcemella,

in nido,

and

The

Caiidain, 6.

in a nest,

croweth

habet duas ^/a^, totidem Pedes, 5.

.5Y//, 7.

The 67^, 10.

volat Pennis,

est \

Vitellus, 14.

Aves Domesticae.

Gallus, (which the Morning.) (qui cam at mane.) i

r 26 )

hath a Comb,

habet Cristain

and Spurs, 3. being gelded, he is called a Capon, and is crammed

in a Coop, 4.

in Ornithotrophico, 4.

Hen,

Calcaria,

castratus dicitur

Capo

saginatur

Gallina,

scrapeth the Dunghil,

ruspatur fiinetiim,

and picketh up Corns:

as also the Pigeons, 6. (which are brought up in

(quae educantur in Colit in-

a Pigeon-house,

and the

with his Turkey-fan,

8. 9.

Peacock, 10. prideth in his Feathers. Stork,

Formosus Pavo, Ciconia,

buildeth her nest

nidificat

on the top of the House,

in tecto.

the Sparrow, the Mag-pie,

the Jackdaw, and the -^z/ , 1

12.

13. \

15. 16.

(or Flettermouse) use to flie about Houses.

10.

superbit pennis.

The Swallow,

& Gallopavus, 8. cum sua Meleagride,

The gay The

bario, 7.)

7.)

Turkey-cock,

colligit grana sicut & Columbte,

Hirundo, Passer,

12.

/*zVtf, 14.

Monedula,

15.

Vespertilio, 16.

(Mus alatus) volitant circa

Domus.

XXI.

Singing-Birds.

The Nightingal^ smgeth the svveetlyest of all. The Lark, 2. singeth as she flyeth in the Air. i

The

Quail,

sitting on the ground; others on the boughs of

Oscines.

Luscinia (Philomela),

cantatsuavissime omnium. Alauda, 2. cantillat volitans in aere; Coturnix,

sedens humi; Caeterae, in ramis arbor-

trees, 4. as the Canary-bird^ urn, 4. ut Luteola peregrina.

the the the the the the the the

Chaffinch,

fring

ilia,

Carduelis,

Goldfinch, Siskin,

Acanthis,

Linnet,

Linaria,

little

parvus Parus,

Titmouse,

Wood-wall, Galgulus, Robin- red-breast, Rubecula, Curruca, &c. Hedge-sparrow, &c. The party colour'd ParDiscolor Psitlacus, ret, 5. the Black-bird, 6. Merula, 6. the Stare, 7. Sturnus, 7. with the Mag-pie cum Pica, and the Jay, learn & Monedula, discunt

humanas voces formare

to frame men's words.

great

many are wont

to be shut in Cages,

Pleraeque solent includi Caveis,

XXII. Birds that haunt the Fields and Woods.

Aves Campestr es & Sylvestres.

The is

Ostrich,

The Wren, is

ales est

Regulus,

(Trochilus)

Noctua,

the most despicable.

despicatissimus.

The Whoopoo,

Upupa, 4. sordidssimus,

the most nasty, for it eateth dung. is

The Bird of Paradise, is

maximus.

minimus.

the least.

The Owl, is

Struthio,

the greatest Bird.

Manucodiata, rarissimus.

very rare.

The Pheasant, the Bustard, 7.

vesciturenim stercoribus. 5.

Phasianus,

Tarda (Otis),

6. j.

(

the deaf wild Peacock, the Moor-hen,

surd us, Tetrao, Attagen,

the Partrige, 10. the Woodcock, n.

Perdix,

10.

and the Thrush, 12. are counted Dainties.

& Turdus,

Among

the rest,

the best are,

Gallinago (Rusticola),

habentur

in deliciis.

Inter reliquas, potissimse sunt,

the watchful Crane, 13. the mournful Turtle, 14.

GV//y, 13. pervigil.

the Cuckow, 15. the Stock-dove,

Cuculus,

Birds.

The the

Eagle, \ King of Birds Vulture,

and the Raven,

gemens.

14. 1

Picus, Gctrrulus,

Comix, &c.,

Aquila,

Rex Avium, intuetur Solem.

Aves Rapaces.

XXIII.

looketh upon the Sun,

The

Turtur,

Palumbes,

the Speight, the Jay, the Crow, &c., 16.

Ravenous

11,

12,

Vultur,

Corvus,

feed

The

upon

Carrion.

Kite, 4.

pascuntur

pursueth

Chickens.

The

Falcon,

pullos gallinaceos.

The

little

Falco,

the Hobbie, 6. and the Hawk,

catch at

Nisus,

Birds.

Gerfalcon,

catch-

Accipiter, 7.

Astur,

The white Swan,

Aves Aquaticae.

Oler,

A riser, 3.

swim up and down. The Cormorant, 4,

cap tat

columbas & aves majores.

XXIV.

Water-Fowl.

diveth.

captant aviculas.

eth Pigeons and greater Birds.

the Goose, 2. and the Duck,

mortieinis,

[cadaveribus.] Milvus, 4. insectatur

Candidas,

Anas,

natant.

erg us, 4. se mergit. Adde his Fulicam,

And to these the waterhen.and the Pelican, &c.,io. Pelecanum, &c.,

10.

r 3'

The

Osprey,

Halitxetus,

and the Sea-mew,

flying downwards use to catch Fish,

devolantes,

captant pisces, sed Ardea, 7.

but the Heron, 7. standing on the Banks.

stans in ripis.

The

Bittern, 8, putteth his Bill in the water, and

inferit

belloweth like an Ox.

& mugit

The

Bntio,

rostrum aquae, ut bos.

Motacilla,

Water-wagtail, 9

waggeth the

Gavia,

motat caudam.

tail.

XXV.

Flying Vermin.

Insecta volantia.

The Bee, maketh honey Apis, \. facit mel which the Drone,2. devour- quod Fucus, 2. depascit \

eth.

The Wasp,

and the Hornet,

Vespa,

molest with a sting;

Crabro, 4. infestant oculeo

and the Gad-Bee

(or Breese),

(Asilus),

especially

Cattel",

Oestrum 5.

;

r 3

but the Fly,

autem Musca,

and the Gnat,

us.

The Cricket, 8. singeth. The Butterfly, 9. is a winged Caterpillar. The Beetle, 10. covereth her wings with Cases. The Glow-worm, 11. shineth by night.

Culcx,

nos.

Gryl/us, 8. cantillat. Papillio, 9. est

alata Eruea. Scarab(.zus, 10. tegit alas vaginis. Cicindela [Lampyris],

nitet noctu.

XXVI. Four-Footed Beasts: and First those about the House.

Quadrupeda The Dog, i.

& primum Domestica.

with the Whelp, 2. is keeper of the House.

The

Cants,

cum

Catello, 2.

est custos v//j

Domus.

(Catus)

(33) riddeth the

of Mice,

which also Mouse-trap,

A The

House

purgat

a 5.

doth.

Sciurus, 6.

Simla,

home 9.

and

Glis, 9.

other greater Mice, 10. as, the Weesel, the Marten,

and the

caeteri ut,

Ferret,

The Ram,

the Weather, the Ewe,^. and the Lamb,

bear wool. E

Taurus,

and the

domum. Pecora.

Vacca,

Vitulus, 3.

teguntur 4. 6.

10.

Mustela, Martes,

XXVII.

Herd-Cattle.

Bull, i. the Cow, Calf, 3. are covered with hair.

Mures majores,

Viverra, infestant

trouble the House,

The

Cercopithecus, 8.

habentur domi delectamento.

for delight.

The Dormouse,

5. facit.

Muscipula,

and the Monkey, are kept at

quod etiam

Squirrel, 6.

Ape,

domum

a Muribus,

-4.

pilis.

Aries, Vervex, 4. Ovis, 5. cum Agno, 6.

gestant lanam.

The goat,

34;

He-goat, the Gelt-

Hircus, Caper,

with the She-goat, and -/TzV, 9. have

shag-hair and beards. The -#<9jf, the *S0>,

and the Pigs, have bristles,

cum Capra, 8. & Hocdo, 9. habent.

Villos 10.

cum

Labou ri ng- Beasts.

(which a Mane,

*SV/tf.r,

non Cornua

;

sed etiam Ungulas bisulcas ut ilia.

Jumenta.

Asinus,

& Mulus,

gestant Onera. Equus, 3.

carry burthens. Horse,

XXVIII.

The

aruncos.

Porcellis,

habent

but not horns; but also cloven feet as those others (have.)

and the Mule,

Porcus, Scrofa,

grac-

eth) carryeth us.

(quam Juba, 4. ornat) gestat nos ipsos.

Camel, 5. carryeth the Merchant

CameIus, 5. gestat Mercatorem

with his Ware.

cum mercibus

The

suis.

(35) The

Elephant,

draweth his meat to him with his Trunk, 7. He hath two Teeth, 8. standing out,

and

able to carry

full thirty

men.

The

Buff, i. Buffal, are wild Bulls.

and the

Elke,

Proboscide,

Habet duos

denies, 8.

prominentes, & potest portare etiam triginta viros.

XXIX.

Wild-Cattle.

The

Elephas, (Barrus) 6. attrahit pabulum

Ferae Pecudes.

Urus, \. Bubalus, 2. sunt feri Boves.

Alces, 3.

being bigger than an

major equo

Horse (whose back is im- (cujus tergus est impenepenetrable) hath knaggy trabilis) habet ramosacorhorns as also iheHart, 4. nua; ut & Cervus, 4. Sed Caprea, 5. but the Roe, 5. and the Hind-calf, ^. most none. cum Hinnulo, fere nulla. 1

The Stone-back, huge great ones. The Wild-goat, hath very

little

Capricornus, ;

ones,

by which she hangeth her self on a Rock.

praegrandia Rupicapra, 7. minuta, quibus suspendit se

ad rupem.

r 36

The

Unicorn,

The Boar,

habet unum, sed pretiosum.

9. assail-

Aper, 9. grassatur dentibus.

eth one with his tushes.

The Hare, 10. The Cony, n.

is fearful.

diggeth the Earth. As also the Mole,

Monoceros,

hath but one, but that a precious one.

10.

Lcpus,

pavet.

Cuniculus,

\ i

perfodit terram

Ut &

12.

which maketh hillocks.

;

Talpa, 12.

quae facit grumos.

XXX.

Wild-Beasts.

Ferae Besitae.

Wild Beasts Bestia have sharp paws, and habent acutos ungues, & teeth, and are flesh eaters. dentes,suntque carnivorae,

As the Lyon, i. King of four-footed

Leo,

the

Rex quadrupedum,

Beasts, having a mane; with the Lioness.

jubatus

The spotted

Panther,

cum 2.

;

Lecend.

Maculosus, Pardo (Panthera)

r 37

The Tyger, 3. the cruellest of

The Shaggy Bear, 4. The ravenous Wolf, 5. The quick sighted Ounce, The tayled fox, 7.

the craftiest of

The is

Tygris,

Villosus Ursus,

Rapax

Lupus, 5. Lynx, 6. visu pollens, Can data Vulpes, 7.

astutissima omnium*

all.

Hedge-hog,

immanissima omnium.

all.

Erinaccus,

est aculeatus.

prickly.

The Badger,

J/V/w,

delighteth in holes.

gaudet

latebris.

XXXI. Serpents and Creeping things.

Serpentes Snakes creep

by winding themselves;

The in the

The

Adder,

wood

Angues repunt sinuando se;

Coluber, in

;

Water-snake,

Reptilia.

in the water;

The Viper, 3. amongst great stones.

Sylva

;

Natrix, (hydra) in Aqua,;

Vipera, in saxis;

38;

The -(4-$^, 4. in the fields. The Boa,(or Mild-snake) 5.

Houses.

Lizzard,

The Dragon,

And

Lacerta,

fire)

(in

igne vivax,) habent

pedes.

Draco,

Serpens alatus, necat halitu. Basiliscus, 10.

Basilisk, 10.

Oculis;

;

the Scorpion, u.

with his poysonous

Scorpio,

tail.

Crawling-Vermin.

Worms gnaw

Salamandra,

a winged Serpent, killeth with his Breath.

The

Domibus.

est coeca.

and the Salamander, (that liveth long in have feet.

with his Eyes

Ccccilia,

blind.

The

Boa, in

The Slow-worm,

cam pis.

Aspis, 4, in

things.

venenatd cauda.

XXXII.

Insecta repentia.

Vermes, rodunt

res.

( 39

The Earth-worm,

the Earth.

The

Caterpillar,

the Plant.

Lumbricus, terram.

Eruca,

plantam.

The Grashopper, the Fruits.

Cicada,

Fruges.

The Mite, 4. the Corn. The Timber-worm, 5. Wood. The Moth, 6. a garment. The Book-worm, 7.

Ligna.

a Book.

Librum.

Maggots, 8. Flesh and Cheese.

carnem & caseum.

Hand-worms, the Hair.

The skipping

Flea, 9.

the Lowsc, 10. and the stinking Wall-loitse,

The is

Tike, 12.

The

Silk-worm, 13.

Tinea,

Termites,

Acari, Capillum.

Saltans Pulcx,

Pcdiculiis, 10.

fostans Cimex, 11.

mordent nos. sanguisugus est. Bombyx, 13.

14.

Spider, 15.

sericum.

Formica,

14.

est laboriosa.

Aranea,

15.

weaveth a Cobweb,

texit

nets for

retia muscis.

The

vestem.

Blatta,

facit

painful.

The

Frumenta.

Teredo, (cossis)

Ricinus, 12.

a blood-sucker.

maketh silk. The Pismire, is

bite us.

Circulio, 4.

flies.

Snail, 16. carri-

eth about her Snail-horn.

Araneum,

Cochlea, 16.

circumfert testam.

(40) XXXIII. Creatures that live as well by Water as by Land.

Amphibia. Creatures that live by land and by water, are

The

Crocodile,

Viventia in terra

& aqua,

Crocodilus,

a cruel and preying Beast of the River Nilus ;

The

sunt

immanis & praedatrix tia

Nili fiuminis

bes-

;

Castor or Beaver, 2. having feet like a Goose,

habens pedes anserinos

and a scaly

& squameam Caudam

tail to

swim.

Castor, (Fiber)

ad natandum.

The Otter, 3. The croaking

Lutra,

frog,

with the Toad.

The

Tortoise,

covered above and beneath with shells, as with a target.

& coaxans Rana, cum Bufone. Testudo,

Operta & testis,

ceu scuto.

infra,

r 41

XXXIV. River Fish and Pond Fish.

Pisces Fluviatiles & Lacustres. Fish hath Fins, Piscis habet Pinnas, \

with which

swimmeth, and Gills, 2. by which it taketh breath, and Prickles it

quibus natat

quibus respirat Spinas loco ossium

and the Female

Fcemina Ova.

as the Eel, 5. and the Lamprey,

Sturgeon, 7. having a sharp snout,

groweth beyond the length of a Man. Sheath-fish,

praeterea,

ut Carpio, 4.

Lucius, (Lupus) 4. Alii sunt glabri, ut, Anguilla, 5.

The

Quidam habent Squamas,

Scales.

as the Ctf-^, 3. and the Luce or Pike, Some are sleek

;

Mas Lactes,

a Roiv.

;

Branchias,

instead of bones: besides the Male hath a Milt,

Some have

Mustela,

Accipenser (Sturio),

mucronatus, crescit ultra longitudinem viri. Sihirus,

(A having wide Cheeks, is

bigger than he

But the is

bucculentus,

major illo est Sed maximus

greatest,

the Huson, Minews, 10.

Antaseus (Huso,)

Apitce, 10.

swimming by

natantes gregatim, sunt minutissimae.

shoals,

are the least.

Others of this sort are the Perch, the Bley, the Barbel,

Alii hujus generis sunt

Perca, Alburnus,

Mullus, (Barbus) the Esch, the Troiit, ThymalluS) Trutta, the Gudgeon, and Trench,\\. Gobius, Tinea, n.

The Crab-fish, 12. is covCancer, 12. ered with a shell, and it tegitur crusta, hath Claws, and crawleth habetque chelas, & gradiforwards and backwards. tur porro & retro. The Horse-leech, 13. Hirudo, 13. sucketh blood. sugit sanguinem.

XXXV. Sea-fish,

and

Shell-fish.

The Whale, i. is the greatest of the Sea-fish.

Marini pisces

Conchae.

Balcena, (Cetus) i. maximus Piscium marinorum.

(43) The

Dolphin, the swiftest.

The

Delphinus, 2. velocissimus.

Raia,

Scate^ 3.

the most monstrous.

T,.

monstrossimus.

Others are the Lamprel,^ Alii sunt Mur&nula, 4. the Salmon, or the Lax, 5. Salmo, (Esox) 5. There are also fish that Danturetiam volatiles,6.

Add

flie, 6.

Herrings,

Adde

Haleces,

which are broughtpickled, and Place, 8. and Cods, 9. which are brought dry; and the Sea monsters,

qui adferuntur arefacti & monstra marina,

the Seal.

Phocam,

and the

10.

Sea-horse, &c.

Shell-fish,

The

1 1

have Shells.

Oyster, 12. 1

the

Ase/lts,g.

Hippopotamum, &c. Concha, n. habet

Murex,

;

testas,

13. ;

Alii, 14.

XXXVI.

Man.

cum

10.

purpuram

others, Pearls, 14.

Adam,

Passeresfi.

dat sapidam carnem.

purple;

The

salsi,

Ostrea, 12.

affordeth sweet meat.

The Purple-fish,

qui

first

Man,

Adamus,

Margaritas.

Homo,

primus Homo>

44;

was made by God after own Image the sixth day of the Creation, of a

formatus est a Deo ad Imaginem suam

his

lump

And the

sextd die Creationis,

of Earth. Eve,

first

Gleba Terrae. Et Eva,

Woman, was made prima

of the Rib of the Man.

mulier,

formata est e costa

viri.

Hi, seducti

These, being tempted by the Devil under the

abolo

sub specie

shape of a Serpent, 3. when they had eaten of the

Serpentis, 3.

fruit of the forbidden Tree,

de fructu

4. were condemned, 5. to misery and death,

damnati sunt, 5. ad miseriam & mortem,

with

cum comederent arboris,

cum omni posteritate & ejecti e Paradise 6.

all their posterity,

and cast out of Paradise,

-vetita

sua,

XXXVII. The Seven Ages of Man.

Septem States Hominis.

A Man is first an Infant,

. \

Homo est primum

Infans,

\ .

(45) then a Boy, 2. then a Youth, 3. then a Young-man,

then a Man,

deinde Puer, inde Juvenis, posted Fz>, 5.

after that an Elderly-man, 6. and at last, a decrepid old

man,

turn Adolescens,

dehinc Senex,

tandem

Silicernium,

So also

in the other Sex,

there are, a GYr/, 8. A Damosel, 9. a Maid,

Sic etiam in altero Sexu,. sunt, Pupa,

10.

Pudla,

Mulier,

Vetula,

Woman, n. elderly Woman, 12. and a decrepid old Woman, 13.

Virgo, 10

n. 1

decrepita, 13.

XXXVIII. The Outward Parts of

Membra Hominis The Head, the Jv^/,

20.

above, below. i.

Man.

Externa.

Caput, i. est supra, infra Pedes, 20.

r 46

Neck

the fore part of the

(which ends

the Arm-holes, 2.) is the Throat, 3. the hinder part, the Crag,

The

Breast,

5, is

behind Women have in it two Dugs, 7. with Nipples, the back,

Under is

in Axillas, 2.) est Jugulum, 4.

before; ;

middle of

the Navel,

10.

underneath the Groyn, n. and \.\\Q privities.

The

Shoulder-blades, 12.

are behind the back, on which the Shoulders

depend,

posterior Cervix, 4. Pectus, 5. est ante;

Dorsum, 6. retro; Fceminis sunt in binae

Mamm<z,

cum

Papillis.

illo

Sub pectore

the Breast

the Belly,

in the

Anterior pars Colli (quod desit

est Venter, g. in ejus medio,

Umbelicus, 10.

subtus

Ingiicn,

& pudenda. Scapula, 12. sunt a tergo, a quibus pendent humeri,

13.

on these the Arms, 14. with \.\\QJ5lbow,i 5. andthen on either side the Hands, the right, 8. and the left, 16.

The Loyns are next the Shoulders, with the Hips, 18. and in the Breech, the Buttock-s, 19. These make the Foot; the Thigh, 21. then theZ^, 23. (the Knee, being betwixt them, 22.) in which is the Calf, 24. with the Shin, 25. then the Ankles, 26. the Heel, 27. and the Sole, 28. in the very end, the great Toe, 29. with four (other) Toes.

ab his Brachia,

cum

14.

inde ad utrumque Latus, Manus, Dexter a, 8. & Sinistra, 16. Lumbi, 17. excipiunt Humeros, Cnbito, 15.

cum Coxis, & /;/ Podice, Nates,

(culo)

19.

Absolvunt Pedem Femur, 21. turn Crus, (Genu, in

22.

;

23.

intermedio.)

quo Sura,

24. Tilia, 25. abhinc Tali, 26.

cum

Calx, (Calcaneum) 27. Solum, 28.

extreme

Hallux,

29.

cum quatuor

Digitis.

(47

)

XXXIX. The Head and

In the

the Hand.

Caput & Manus.

Head are

the Hair,

In Capite sunt

(which is combed with a Comb, 2.)

Pec tine,

two Ears,

Aures,

(qui pectitur

Oculus,

Nasus,

the Cheeks, 10.

ith a

and

uterque,

(cum duabus TVa ribus) Os, 9.

Gence, (Malae) 10. 13.

& Mentum,

13.

Os septum

fenced

Mustacho, n.

Z/>.y, 12.

Frons,

(with two Nostrils) the Mouth, g.

In facie sunt

and the C7z//z, The Mouth

binae,

Tempora, Fades, 5.

In the Face are

the Fore-head, both the Eyes,

2.)

the Temples, 4. and the J^a^, 5.

the Nose,

Capillus,

Mystace,

1 1

Labiis, 12.

est

Tongue and a Palate,

and

in the Cheek-bone.

A is

Lingua

Mentum

Man's Chin

covered with

cum

a Beard,\^.

Oculos vero

with

palpcebris,

eye-lids,

eye-brow, 15.

(in

The Hand being closed is

a Fist, 17.

virile

tegitur Barba, 14.

and the Eye (in which is the White and the Apple] and an

Palato,

Dentibus, 16. in Maxilla.

Teeth, 16.

quo Albugo

Pupilla) supercilio,

15.

Manus contracta, Pugnus,

17. est

a Palm, 18. aperta, Palma, 18. being open in the midst, is the hollow, in medio F<?/rt, 19. 19. of the Hand, is

the extremity

the

extremitas,

Thumb, 20. with four Fingers,

Pollex, 20.

the Fore-finger, 21. the Middle-finger, 22.

Indice, 21.

the Ring-finger, 23. and the Little-finger, 24. In every one are

Annulari, 23.

three joynts,

a. b. c.

and as many

knuckles, d.e.f.

with a .AW/,

25.

cum quatuor

Digitis,

Medio, 22.

Auriculari, 24.

In quolibet sunt articiili tres, a. b. c.

& totidem Condyli, cum Ungue, 25.

d. e.

The Flesh and Bowels.

In the Body are the Skin

Caro & Viscera.

In Corpore sunt

with the Membranes, the Flesh with the Muscles,

cum

Membranis,

Caro

cum

the Chan els, the Gristles, the Bones and the Bowels.

Canales, Cartilagines,

The the

Skin,\.

being pull'd

Ossa

Cute,

Ciitis

Musculis,

Viscera. i.

detracta,

appeareth, Caro, 2. apparet, non continua massa, not in a continual lump, sed distributa, but being distributed, as it were in stuft puddings, tanquam in farcimina, which they call Muscles, quos vocant Musculos, whereof thereare reckoned quorum numerantur four hundred and five, be- quadringenti quinque, ing the Chanels of the Spi- canales Spiritimm, rits to move the Members. ad movendum Membra. The Bowels are the inViscera sunt Membra inward Members : terna As in the Head, the Ut in Ca.pite,Cerebrum, 3. off,

./%*//, 2.

3. being compassed circumdatum Cranio, about with a Skull, and

Brains,

fs; the Skin which covereth Pericrania. the Skull. In the Breast, the Heart, In Pectore, Cor,

covered with a thin obvolutum Pericardia, Skin about it, and the Lungs, & Pulmo, 5. 5. breathing to and fro. respirans. 4.

In the Belly, the Stomach, 6. and the Guts, 7. covered with a Caul.

The and

Liver, 8. in the left side

site

against

the

two

and

it,

In Venire, Ventriculus, 6.

oppo-

the Milt,

Kidneys, 10. the Bladder, \ i .

Intestina, 7.

obducta Omen to. Jecur, (Hepar) 8. & a sinistro oppositus ei Lien, 9.

duo

Renes, 10.

cum

The Breast

Vesica,

Pectus

is divided from the Belly by a thick Membrane, which is called

dividitur a Ventre crassd Membrand,

the Mid-riff,

Diaphragma,

12.

The Chanels and Bones.

quae vocatur

XLI.

The Chanelsof the Body are

12.

Canales

Ossa.

Canales Corporis sunt

(5 Vena deferentes the Veins, carrying the Blood from the Liver; Sanguinem ex Hepate The Arteries (carrying) Arteries, Calorem Heart and Life from the & Vitam & Corde ;

;

Heat ;

The Nerves (carrying) Nervi, Sen sum et Motum, per Sense and Motion throughout the Body from Corpus a Cerebro. the Brain.

You three,

Invenies hsec

shall find these i.

tria,

ubique sociata.

everywhere

joined together. Besides, from the Mouth into the Stomach is the Gullet, 2. the way of the meat and drink; and by it to the Lights, the Wezand, 5. for breathing; from the Stomach to the Anus is a great Intestine, 3. to purge out the Ordure ; from the Liver to the Bladder, the Ureter, 4. for making water. The Bones are in the Head, the Skull, 6. the two Cheek-bones, 7.

with thirty-two Teeth,

Then the

Back-bone, 9. the Pillar of the Body,

consisting of thirty-four turning Joints, that the

Porro, ab Ore

Ventriculum

Gula,

via cibi ac potus

Colon,

ad excernendum Stercus; ab Hepate ad Vesicam, Ureter,

reddendae urinae. Ossa sunt in Capite, Calvaria, 6. duae Maxillce, 7. cum

XXXII.

Dentibus,

Vertebris, ut

Corpus

there are twenty-four.

quarum

The Breast-bone, 1 the two Shoulder-blades,

Arm, the

15.

lesser

and Bone

in the

Costce, 10.

the Buttock-bone, 13. the bigger Bone in the

Turn, Spina dorsi, 9. columna Corporis, constans ex XXXIV.

queat flectere se

12.

& ;

Body may bend it self. The Ribs, 10. whereof 1

;

juxta hanc, ad Pulmonem Guttur,^. pro respiratione a ventriculo ad Anum

viginti quatuor.

Pectoris,

duae ScapulcK,

sessibuli, 13.

Lacerti, 15.

Arm. &

Ulna.

\ .

12.

(

The

Tibia, 14.

Thigh-bone, 14.

the foremost, 16. and the hindmost Bone, in the Leg, 17.

The Bones

anterior,

posterior, 17.

Ossa Manus,

of the Hand,

are thirty-four, and of the Foot, 19. thirty. The Marrow is in the 18.

1 6.

Fibula,

18.

sunt triginta quatuor, Pedis,

19. triginta.

Medulla est

in Ossibus,

Bones.

XLII.

The Outward and Inward Senses.

There are Senses

Sensus externi & interni. Sunt quinque externi outward

five

Sensus

The

Eye,

what

seeth Col-

;

Oc u lus,

videt Colores^

white or or blew, black, green red or yellow. The Ear, 2. heareth Sounds, both natural, Voices and Words

quid album vel atrum, viride vel cceruleum, rubrum aut luteum, sit.

and

turn artificiales,

ours,

;

artificial,

Auris, 2. audit Sonos, turn naturales,

Voces & Verba;

53)

Musical Tunes.

Tonos Musicos.

The

Nasus, 3, olfacit odores & foetores.

scenteth

Nose, 3. smells and stinks.

The Tongue, 4. with the roof of the Mouth tastes

Lingua,

cum

Palato

gustat Sapores, quid dulce aut amarum, acre

what is sweet or keen or biting, sow- aut acidum, acerbum aut er or harsh. austerum. The Hand, 5. by touchManns, 5. tangendo ing discerneth the quan- dignoscit quantitatem, & qualitatem rerum tity and quality of things; Savours,

bitter,

;

the hot and cold, the moist and dry,

calidum & frigidum,

the hard and soft, the smooth and rough,

the heavy and light.

The inward

Senses are

humidum & siccum, durum & molle, laeve & asperum, grave & leve. Sensus interni sunt tres.

three.

The Common

Sense,

under the forepart of head, apprehendeth things taken from the outward Senses.

The

Phantasie,

the

Sensus Communis,

sub

sincipite

apprehendit res perceptas a Sensibus externis.

Phantasia,

under the crown of the head sub vertice, judgeth of those things, dijudicat res istas, thinketh and dreameth, cogitat, somniat.

The Memory, 8. Memoria, 8. under the hinder part of the sub occipitio, ^<?a</,layeth up every thing recondit singula and fetcheth them out & depromit it loseth some, deperdit quaedam, and this is forgctfulness. & hoc est oblivio. :

Sleep, is }

the rest of the Senses.

Somnus, est requies

Sensuum.

(54} The Soul

of Man.

Anima

XLIII.

hominis.

The Soul is the Life of Anima est vita the Body, one in the whole. corporis, una in toto. Tantiim Vegctativa in Only Vegetative i n Plants; Plantis

Withal mals

Sensitive in

malibus

;

And

Hotnine.

This consisteth

whereby it judgeth and understandeth a thing good and evil, or true, or apparent. In the Will, whereby it chooseth,

and desireth, or rejecteth, and misliketh a thing known. In the Mind, it

Haec consistet

in three

things; In the Understanding,

whereby

Sensitiva in Ani-

;

Etiam Rationalis

also rational in

Men.

;

Simul

Ani-

pursueth

in tribus:

In Mente (Intellectu) qua cognoscit,

& intelligit, bonum ac malum, vel

verum, vel apparens.

In Voluntate,

qua

eligit,

concupiscit, aut rejicit, & aversatur cognitum. In Animo,

quo prosequitur

the

(55) Good chosen oravoid- Bonum

eth the Evil rejected.

Hence

in the desire, dislike.

But Anger and

in fruitione

Opinion and

Sed Ira ac Dolor, in passione.

Vera cognitio

judgment of a

Knowledge

the false,

Hinc Amor & Gaudium,

Grief,

in suffering.

thing

aversatione

in the Fruition:

Malum rejectum. Spes & Timor,

in cupidine,

Hence is Love and Joy

true

Hinc

Hope and Fear

and

The

electum,

vel fugit

rei,

est Scientia ;

;

Error,

falsa,

Suspicion.

Opinio, Suspicio.

Error,

XLIV. Deformed and Monstrous People.

Deformes & Monstrosi. Monstrous and

de-

formed People are those which differ in the Body from the ordinary shape,

Monstrosi,

deformes sunt abeuntes corpore a communi formd,

as the

the

ut sunt,

huge Gycint, i. Dwarf, 2.

nanus

little

One with One with

immanis

(Pumilio'],

/><? Bodies, 3.

Bicorpor,

/z<w

Biceps, 4. & id genus

Heads, 4. and such like Monsters.

Gigas, 2.

monstra.

His accensentur, Amongst these are reckoned, The jolt-headed, 5. Capita, 5. The great nosed, 6. Naso, 6. The blubber-lipped, 7. Labeo, 7. The blub-cheeked, 8. Bucco, 8. The goggle-eyed, 9. Strabo, 9. The wry-necked, 10. Obstipus, 10. The great-throated, 1 Strumosus, The Crump-backed, 12. Gibbosus, 12. The Crump-footed, 13. 3 Loripes, The steeple-crowned, 1 5 CY/0, 15. 1

add

The

adde

to these

Calvastrum, 14.

Bald-pated, 14.

XLV. The Dressing

We have Now let us

of Gardens.

Hortorum

cultura.

seen Man: Vidimus hominem go on to Man's Jam pergamtis

f 57 .living,

and to Handy-eraftwhich tend to it.

Trades,

The

first

of a garden. Gardener, diggeth in a Garden-plot, with a Spade, 2. the dressing

The

and maketh Beds, 4. and places wherein to plant Trees,

erant

Fruges

Terrce.

Hinc primus Labor Adami, Horti cultura. Hortulanus (Olitor), fodit in Viridario, Ligonf, 2. aut Bipalio, 3. facitque Pulvinos, 4.

ac Plantaria,

quibus inserit Semina & Plantas.

The Tree- Gardener, planteth Trees, 7. in an Orchard, and grafteth Cyons, 8.

Arborator, 6. plantat Arbores, in

Pomario,

inseritque Sureulos, 8. Viviradicibus, 9.

He fenceth his Garden, Sepit hortum either by care, vel Cura, with a mound, 10. or a Stone -wall, n. or a rail, 2. or Pales, 13. or a Hedge, 14. made of Hedge-stakes,

aut eerie, 1 1. aut Vacerra, 12. aut Planet's, 13. aut 6VyV, 14.

and

Muro,

bindings

Or by

flexa e sudibus

;

Nature, with

Brambles and Bryers,

10.

15.

vitilibus

;

Vel Natura Dnniis

Vepribus, 15.

Ornatur

beautified with Walks, 16.

Ambulacris, 16.

and

It is

Galleries, 17.

It is

watered

with Fountains, 18. -and a Watering-pot,

Pergulis,

Rigatur Fontanis, 18. 19.

hue

Primus & antiquissimus Victus,

on which he setteth Seeds and Plants.

in Stocks,

& ad

Aries Meehanicas, quae faciunt.

and most an-

cient sustenance, were the Fruits of the Earth. Hereupon the first labour of Adam, was

or Mattock,

ad Victuni hominis,

Harpagio,

19.

Husbandry.

Agricultura.

The Plow- wan, yoketh Oxen, to a Plough,

jungit Boves,

Aratro,

and holding the 4. in his left

Arator,

Plow-stilt,

hand,

and the

Plow-staff, in his right hand,

tenens Stream,

laeva,

Railu m,

dextra,

with which he removeth

qua amovet

Clods, 6.

Glebas,

he cutteth the Land, scindit terram (which was manured afore (stercoratam antea with Dung, 8.) Fimo, 8.) with a Share, 7. Vomere, 7.

and a Coulter, and maketh furrows,

Then he the Seed,

et Dentali, 9.

soweth

10.

and harroweth it in with a Harrow, i. i

The

Reaper,

12.

sheareth the ripe corn with a Sickle, i3.gathereth up the hand/tils, 14.

facitque Sulcos, Turn seminat

Semen, 10. inoccat

Occd,

Mcssor, 2 metit fruges maturas i

Fake

messoris,

colligit Manipulos, 14,

(

and bindeth the

Thrasher, thrasheth Corn

on the Barn-floor, with a Flayl, it

S/ft'iirrs,

The

18.

59) 5.

colligat Mergetcs, 15. Tritor, 16.

16.

triturat

tosseth

frumentum

Area Horrei,

17.

Flagello (tribula), 18.

in a winnowing-basket, 19. jactat ventilabro, 19.

and so when the Chaff, and the Straw, 20. are separated irom it, he putteth

into Sacks,

12.

The Mower, 22. maketh Hay in a Meadow,

atque

ita

Paled

Sir a mine, 20.

separatd,

congerit in Saccos, facit

Fcenum

in Prato,

cutting down Grass with a Sithe, 23.

desecans Gramen

and raketh it together with a fiake, 24. and

corraditque

maketh up

componit

with

carrieth

Rastro, 24.

and

on Carriages,

into the Hay-barn, 28.

Grasing.

Falce fxnaria,

Cocks, 26.

& fork, 25,

21.

Fceniseca, 22.

27.

Acervos, 26.

Furca, 25. & convehit Vehibus,

27.

in Fxnile, 28.

XLVII.

Pecuaria..

(6o) Tillage of ground,

and keeping Cattle, was in old time the care of Kings and Noble-men

& ;

Day only of the meanest sort of People,

at this

antiquissimis temporibus, eratcura Regum,Heroum; hodie tantum infirmae Plebis,

The

Neat-heard, i. calleth out the Heards,

out ofthe Beast-houses, with a Horn, 4.

and driveth them

Bubulcus, 2.

to feed.

The Shepherd, 5. feedeth his Flock, 6. being furnished with a Pipe, 7. and a Scrip, 8. and a Sheep-hook, having with him Dog, 10. fenced with a

Cultus Agrorum, res pecuaria,

evocat Armenia, e Bovilibus,

Buccina (Cornu), & ducit pastum.

<9////0 (Pastor), 5. pascit Gregem, 6. instructus Fistula, 7.

Pera, 8. & Pedo,

a great

habens secum Molossum,

10.

Collar,

munitum

Millo, 11.

contra Lupos. against the Wolves. ,SV/,f, 12. sagiSwine, 12. are fed out of a Swine-Trough. nantur ex aqualiculo hara.

The Farmer's Wife, milketh the Udders of the Cow,

13.

15.

Villica, 13.

mulget Ubera vacca, 14.

at the Cratch, 15. over a milk-pale, 16.

ad Prizsepe, 15. super mulctra,

and maketh Butter of Cream

et facit

in a Churn, 17.

in Vase butyraceo, 17. et Caseos, 18.

and

Cheeses,

of Curds.

The

Butyrum

e flore lactis,

e Coagulo. 19.

shorn from Sheep, whereof several Garments are made. is

16.

Lana, 19. detondetur Ovibus, ex qua variae Vestes conficiuntur.

XLVIII.

The making

of Honey.

Mellificium.

The Bees send out a swarm, it

a Leader,

and

set

Apes emittunt Examcn, i. adduntque

over

Ditcein

Examen

That swarm being ready to

fly

away

recalled by the Tinkling of a brazen Vessel, 3.

and

into a

new

Hive,

Vasis

cenei, 3.

Alveari, 4. Cellulas

Struunt

sexangulares, et

runneth,

effluit, 7.

Partitions

melted by

being

fire,

turn into Wax,

complent eas Melliginer

and make Combs, 6. out of which the Honey

The

illud,

includitur

novo

little Cells

with six corners, 5. and fill them with Honey-dew,

illi

avolaturum, revocatur tinnitu

put up

They make

(Regem),

faciunt Faros,

quibus Mel Crates

liquati igne abeunt in Ceram,

(62

XLIX.

Grinding.

In a Mill,

a Stone,

super lapidem,

Wheel,^.

Rota,

turning them about and grindeth Corn poured in by a Hopper, 5. and parteth the Bran, 6. falling into the Trough,

from the Meal slipping through a Bolter, 8. Such a Mill was first a Hand-mill, 9. then a Horse-mill,

circumagente, et conterit grana infusa per Infundibulum, 5. separatque Furfurem, decidentem in Cistam, a Farina (Polline)

Manuaria, 9. deinde Jumentaria,

10.

last a Wind-mill,

turn Aquatica,

& \

6. 7.

elabente per Excussoriumfi. Talis Mola primum fuit

then a Water-mill, n. then a Ship-mill, 12.

and at

Molitura

In Mola, Lapis, 2. currit

runneth

a stone,

upon

)

10.

Navalis, 12. tandem, Alata (pneumatica), 13.

The Baker, i. Meal

Pistor,

sifteth the

in a Rindge,

and putteth

cernit Cribo,

into the

Kneading-trough, to

Panificium.

Bread-baking.

i .

Farinam 2.

& indit

(pollinario)

Mactrce,

Then he poureth water Turn affundit aquam, it and maketh Dough, 4. & facit Massam, 4.

and kneadeth

depsitque

with a wooden slice, Then he maketh 6.

Loaves, Cimnels,

Cakes,

ligned.

Dein format Panes,

Rolls, 9,

spatha,

&c.

Afterwards he setteth them on a Peel, 10.

Similas,

Placentas,

Spiras,

Post imponii Pahs, 10.

and putteth them thorow & ingerit Furno, the Oven-mouth, into the Oven, \

But

12. \.

per Prcefurnium,

12.

Sed prius eruit hepullethout and the Coals with ignem & Carbones

first

the fire a Coal-rake,

13.

Rutabulo, 13.

&c.

which he layeth on

a heap quos congerit infra, 14. underneath, 14. And thus is ^rrair/ baked, Et sic Pants pinsitur having the Crust without, habens extra Crustam, 15. 15. and the Crumb with- intus Micain, 16. in, 16.

LI.

Fishing.

The Fisher-man^, eth

fish, either

catch-

on the

Shoar, with an Hook,

Piscatio.

Piscator,

captat

pisces, sive in littore,

Hanio,

which hangeth by a Line qui pendety/<? from the angling-rod, ab arundine, on which the Bait sticketh; & cui Esca inhaeret; or with a

or in a Boat, 5. with a Trammel-net, or with a Wheel,

which

sive Fundd,

Cleek-net, 3.

which hangeth on a Pole, is put into the Water;

laid in the

by Night.

quae pendens Pertica, immittitur aquae ;

sive in Cyniba, 6.

Reti, 6.

sive JVassa,

Water quae demergitur per Noctem.

Fowling.

Aucupium.

The Fowler, a.

Bed,

maketh

a Bird-net, 3. throweth a Bait,

illi

upon

in a Hut,

superstruit

Rete aucupatorium,

he allureth Birds,

allicit

Aves,

by the chirping of Lurebirds, which partly hop

cantu

Illicuin,

upon the Bed,

runt,

and are partly shut in Cages, 7. and thus he entangleth

Birds that

fly

over, in his net whilst they settle

themselves down. he setteth Snares, 8.

on which they hang and strangle themselves

qui partim in Area cur6.

partim inclusi sunt Caveis, 7. atque ita obruit transvolantes Aves Reti,

dum

Aut quibus

demittunt

tendit Tendiculas,

suspendunt &

suffocant seipsas Aut exponit Viscatos calsetteth Lime-twigs, 9. a Perch, 10. amos, 9. Amiti, 10.

Or on

in Latibulo,

exstruit

obsipat Escam,

& abdens

and hiding himself

it,

Auceps,

Aream,

spreadeth

(66) upon which if they sit they enwrap their Feathers, so that

away, and ground.

they cannot

fall

down

Or he catcheth them with a Pole, \ \. or a Pit-fall, 12.

insident,

implicant pennas, ut nequeant avolare,

& decidunt

in terram.

Aut captat Pertica, n. vel Decipuld, 12.

Venatus.

LIII.

Hunting.

The Hunter,

fly-

to the

quibus

Venator,

hunteth wild Beasts^ whilst he besetteth a Wood with Toyls, 2.

venatur Feras, dum cingit Sylvam,

stretched out upon

Cassia its, 2. tentis super

Shoars,

Varos,

The

Beagle,

The

Wolf,

(furcillas.)

Cants sagax, 4. eth the wild Beast or find- vestigat Feram, eth him out by the scent; aut indagat odoratu the Tumbler, QV Greyhound, Vertagus, 5. 5. pursueth it. persequitur. 4.

track-

falleth in a Pit, 6.

Lupus, incidit in Foveam,ft.

(67) the Stag, 7. as he runneth away, into Toyls.

The Boar, is

bitten by

and

mordetur

escapeth,

12. as

here

a Fox.

Lepus

Butcher,

killeth/tf/ Cattle,

(The Lean, are not

fit

Canibus,

Vulpes.

LIV.

Butchery.

The

tunditur

Clavd, 1 Si quid effugit, evadit, 12. ut hie

any thing get away,

Hare and

10.

Ursus,

Dogs,

with a Club, If

Venabulo,

10.

knocked

Aper,

transverberatur

with a Hunting-spear, Bear,

in Plagas.

struck through

The

fugiens Cervus,

Lanionia.

Lanio, 2.

to eat.)

He knocketh them down with an Ax, 4. or cutteth their Throat.

mactat Pecudem (Vescula,

altilem, 2.

non sunt vescenda.) Prosternit Clavd, 4. vel jugulat.

with a Slaughter-knife, he flayeth them, 6.

68;

Cunaculo,

excoriat (deglubit,)

and cutteth them in pieces, dissecatque and hangeth out the flesh & exponit carnes, to sell in the Shambles, 7. He dresseth a Swine, 8.

venum

with fire or scalding water, 9. and maketh Gamons,

igne, vel aqua fervidd,

Pistils,

and

10.

in Maccllo,

G lab rat &

facit

9. 10.

Per mis,

Petasones,

1 .

Flitches, 12.

Si/ em, 8.

1 1

Sitccidias,

Prseterea Farcimina

Besides several Puddings,

varia, Faliscos, 13.

Chitterlings, 13. jB loadings, \ 4.

Apexabones,

14.

Liverings, 15.

Toma citla,

Sausages, 16.

Botulos, (Lucanicas) 16.

Adeps, 17. & 18. eliquantur.

The

Fat, 17. and Ta/low, 18. are melted.

Cookery.

Sebum,

LV.

Yeoman of the Larder, 1.

15.

Coquinaria.

Promus

Condus,

bringeth forth Provision, profert Obsonia, out of the Larder, 3. e Perm, 3.

The

Cook,

taketh them

Coqitus, 4. accipit ea

several Meats.

He first pulleth off the Feathers and dravveth the Gutts out of the Birds, 5.

and maketh

He Fish,

scaleth

and

coquit varia Esculenta. Prius deplumat, exenterat y^w, 5.

Desquamat &

splitteth

exdorsuat

He draweth some

flesh

with Lard, by means of a Larding-needle, 7.

Pisces, 6.

Trajectat quasdem carnes Lardo, ope Creacentri, 7.

caseth Hares, 8. then he boileth them in

Lepores, 8. exuit, turn elixat CV/fr, 9.

and Kettles, 10. on the Hearth, 11. and scummeth them

Cacabis, 10. in ./wr?, 1.

Pots, 9.

& despumat

with a Sen miner, 12. Lingiila, 2. He seasoneth things that Condit elixata, are boyled with Spices, Arornatibus, which he poundeth with a quae comminuit 1

Pestil, 14. in a

or grateth

some on and with a Jack,

or upon a Grid-iron,

13.

Grater,

Pistillo, 14. in

Mortario, aut terit Raduld, 15.

roasteth

Spits, 16. 17.

Morter,

\\\\.\\^

fryeth

18.

Kitchen utensils besides are, 21.

Chafing-dish, 22. a Trey, 23. (in which Dishes, 24. and Platters, 25. are washed),

a pair of Tongs, 26. a Shredding -knife, 27. a Colander, 28. a Basket, 29. and a Besom, 30.

assat Verubus,

& An tomato,

17.

vel super Craticuhim, 18.

them

in a Frying-pan, 19. upon a Brand-iron, 20.

a Coal-rake,

Quaedam 1

13.

Vel

frigit

Sartagine, 19.

super Tripodcm,

20.

/^.svz

Coquinaria praeterea sunt, Rutabu.lum, 2 1 Foculns (Ignitabulum), 22. Trua, 23. .

(in qua Catini, 24. Patince, 25. eluuntur)

Forceps, 26. //^r incisorius, 27.

Qua/us, Cor bis,

28. 29.

Scopa, 30.

The Vintage.

Vindemia.

Vinum crescit

Wine groweth in the Vine-yard, i. where Vines are propa-

ubi Vites propagantur,

gated and tyed with Twigs

to Trees, 2. or to Props,

in Vinea,

alligantur viminibus

Ar bores,

ad Palos (ridicas), 3. or frames, 4. vel ad Juga, 4 When the time of Grape- Cum tempus vindemigathering is come, they andi adest, abscindunt cut offthe Bunches, Botros, vel

and carry them

& comportant

Measures of three Bushels,

and throw them into a 6. and tread them

Vat,

with their Feet, 7. or stamp them with a Wooden-Pestil, 8. and squeeze out the juice in a Wine-press, 9. which is called Must,

Trinwdiis,

Pedibus,

aut tundunt Ligneo Pilo,

& exprimunt succum Torculari,

conjiciuntque in Lacum^ calcant

qui dicitur Mustum, n.

and being received

& exceptum

in a great Tub, 10.

Orcd, 10. infunditur

it is

poured

Vasis (Doliis), 12.

12.

Hogsheads^ it is

into

stopped up,

and being

operculatur,

15.

laid close in Ccl-

lars it

upon Settles, 14. becometh Wine. It is drawn out of

(in

15.

Cellis,

super Canthcrios, abit in Vinum.

Promitur

the

Hogshead, with a CW/t, or Faucet, \6.

which

& abditum

e Dolio

Siphone, 13.

13.

aut Tulnilo,

a Spigot) the

16.

est Epistomium)

(in quo Vase relito.

Vessel being unbunged.

LVII.

Brewing.

14.

Zythopoie.

Where Wine is not to be Ubi Vinum non habetur, had they drink Beer, bibitur Cerevisia (Zythus), which is brewed of Malt, quae coquitur ex Byne, i. and Hops, 2. & Lupulo, 2. \

in a Caldron,

afterwards into Vats,

it is

poured

A he no,

post effunditur in

Lac us,

1* )

and when

it is cold, carried in Soes, into the Cellar, 6. it is

frigefactum. defertur Labris,

in Cellar ia, 6.

& intunditur vasibus. put into Vessels. Vinn in siiMiinatiiin, Brandy-wine, extracted by the power of extractum vi Caloris heat from dregs of Wine in e fecibus Vini in Aheno, a Pan, 7. over which a Lim- cui Alembicum, 8.

and

beck, 8. is

superimpositum

placed,

droppeth through a Pipe,

into a Glass.

Wine and Beer when they turn sowre, become

est.

destillat per Tnbitm, in Vitrum.

Vinum & Cerevisia, cum acescunt, fiunt Acetum.

Vinegar.

Of Wine and Honey they make Mead.

Convivium.

Cum

a Feast

made

Convivium

ready, the table is covered

apparatur, Mensa sternitur

with a Carpet,

Tapetibns,

)

fac-

Muh inn.

LVIII.

Feast.

When is

Ex Vino & Melle iunt

and a Table-cloth, by the Waiters,

73;

& Mappa,

who besides lay the Trenchers, 3. Spoons, Knives,

with

Cochlearia, 4. Cultros, 5 cum Fuscinulis, 6.

4. 5.

little

Forks, Table-napkins, 7.

Bread,

a Tricliniariis, qui prasterea, opponunt Discos (Orbes), 3.

Mappulas,

Pane in,

with a Salt-seller, 9. Messes are brought

cum

in Platters, 10.

in Patinis, 10. Artocrea, 19. in Lance.

on a Plate, The Guests being brought in by the ZTc^/, wash their Hands

/Y<r,

19.

out of a Laver, 12. or Ewer, 14. over a Hand-basin, or Bowl, 15.

and wipe them on a Ifand- towel, then they

sit at

13.

Salt no, 9.

Per cula inferuntur

Convivae introducti ab Hospite, 1 1 abluunt manus .

& Gutturnio, 12. vel Aquali, 14. alluvium, 13. super

aut Pelvim,

15.

terguntque 16. Mantili, 16. the Table turn assident Mensae

Chairs, 17. Carver, 18.

per Sedilia,

Strue tor,

The

breaketh up the good Cheer, and divideth it.

17. 18.

deartuat dapes,

distribuit.

Sauces are set amongst Embammata interponuntur Roast-meat, in Sawoers, 20. Assutaris in Scutellis, 20. The Butler, 21. Pincerna, 21. infundit filleth strong

Wine

out of a Cruise, or Wine -pot, 26. or Flag on, 27. into

25.

Temetum, ex Urceo,

25.

vel Cantharo, 26. vel Lagena, 27.

22.

in Pocula, 22.

or Glasses, 23. which stand

vel Vitrea, 23.

CV//.T,

a Cupboard, 24.

quse extant

and

in abaco, 24.

he reacheth them to the & porrigit, Master of the Feast, 28. who Convivatori, 28. drinketh to his Guests. qui propinat Hospitibus.

The Dressing

Line and

LIX.

of Line.

Skives,

Linuni

Hemp

Cannabis,

macerata aquis, et siccaia rursum,

being rated in water, and dryed again, i. are braked with a wooden Brake, 2.

where the

Tractatio Lini.

Frangibulo ligneo, 2. ubi Cortices, 3. decidunt

3. fall

carminantur

down, then they are hec-

turn

kled with an Iron Heckle,

Carmine ferreo,

where the Tow, is

contunduntur

ubi Stupa,

separatur. parted from it. Linurn purum alligatur is tyed to a Distaff,

Flax

by the Spinster, 7. which with her left hand

pulleth out the Thread, 8. and with her right hand

turneth a Wheel, 9. or a Spindle, 10. upon which is a Wharl, u.

The

Spool receiveth the Thread, 13.

Netrice,

Colo, 6. a

quae sinistra t rah it Filum, dextent,

(girgillum),

Fusum,

quo

12.

Rhombum vel

10.

Verticillus,

Wz'0 accipit Fila, 13.

which

drawn thence

a Yani-ivinJlc, 14. hence either Clews, 15.

upon are

wound

up, or Hanks, 16. are made.

The

inde deducuntur in A/a rum, 14. hinc vel Glotni, />

vel Fasciculi, 16. fiunt.

Webster

undoeth the

Clews,

15.

glomerantur,

Textor i.

diducit Glomos,

into Warp,

in Stamen,

and wrappeth it about the Beam, 2. and as he sitteth

circumvolvit

7"go*

ac sedens

in his Loom, 3. in Text'ri'no, 3. he treadeth upon the calcat Insilia, 4. Treddles,^. with his Feet. pedibus. Hedivideth the Warp, 5. Diducit Stamen,

with Yarn.

and throweth the Shuttle, 6. & trajicit Radium, in quo est Trama, through, in which is the striketh

Liciis,

close. ac densat.

('76 )

with r the

Pectinc,

Sley, 7.

and so maketh

atque

Linen

Linteum, 8. Sic etiam Pannifex

cloth, 8.

So also the Clothier maketh Cloth of Wool.

facit

Linen Cloths.

ita conficit

Panmim

Lana.

LXI.

Lintea.

Linteamina

Linnen-webs are bleached in the Sun,

insolantur,

with Water poured on aqua perfusii, 2. donee candefiant. 2. till be white. them, they

Ofthem soweth

the Sempster,

Shirts, 4.

Handkirchcrs,

Bands,

Caps, &c.

iis

Sartrix,

suit Indusia, 4.

Muccinia,

Collaria, 6. Capitia, &c.

These if they be fouled, Haec, si sordidentur lavantur rursum, are washed a^ain a Lotrice, 7. aqua, by the Laundress, 7. in sive Lixivio ac Sapone. and or water, Sope. Lye

The Taylor.

Sartor.

The

Sartor, i. discindit Taylor, i. cutteth with Shears, 3. and annum, 2. Forfice, 3. seweth it together with a consuitque Acu & Needle and double thread, 4. duplicate, 4. Cloth,

Postea complanat Then he presseth the Seams with a Pressing-iron, turas Ferramento, 5. And thus he maketh Sicque conficit 5. Coats, 6.

with

Plaits,

Tunicas,

Plicatas, 7.

which the Border, below with Laces, 9.

Cloaks, 10.

with a Cape,

and

8. is

quibus infra est

bria, 8.

cum

Institis, 9.

Pallia, 10. i.

Sleeve Coats, 12.

with Buttons,

cum Patagio, i. & Togas Manicatas, i

Theraces,

Doublets, 13.

and

14.

Ctf^r, 15.

Breeches, 16.

13.

cum Globulis, 14. & Manicis, 15. Caligas, 16. ali-

sometimes with Ribbons,\i. quando cum Le in niseis, Stockins, 18.

Tibialia, 18.

Gloves, 19.

Chirothccas, 19.

17.

Mnntero Caps, 20. &c. So the Furrier maketh Furred Garments

Amiculum,

of Furs.

e Pellibus.

The Shoemaker.

The Shoemaker, maketh Slippers, 7. which

facit Pellicia

LXIII.

Sutor,

Shoes, 8. (in

seen

above, the Upper-leather, beneath the Sole,

Crepidas Calccos,

(which

Ocreas,

e Corio,

cut with a

Cutting-knife),

upon a

utrinque

Last, 4.

(quod discinditur

Aivl,

et Perones, 10.

Shoes, 10.

by means of an and Ling el, 3.

(

San-

in feme Solea,

Ansce)

of Leather,

(in quibus spectatur superne Obstragulum,

the Latchets) 9.

da li a,)

and High

Sutor.

conficit

ancTon both sides Boots,

&c.

20.

Sic Pellio

Scalp ro Sutorio, 6.) ope Subuhe, 2. et Fili //<:#//, 3.

super Modum,

(79) The Carpenter.

LXIV.

Faber lignarius.

We have seen Man's food Hominis victum & amiand clothing now his ctum, vidimus: sequitur followeth. nunc Domicilium ejus. Dwelling At first they dwelt Primo habitabant :

in Caves,

then in

Booths or Huts, ^. and then again in Tents, at the last in Houses.

in Specubus,

deinde in

Tabernaculis\Q\ Tuguriis,z. 3.

turn etiam in Tentoriis,

demum

The Woodman

Domibus.

Lignator

and heweth down sternit & truncat Arbor es, 5. Securi, 4. Trees, 5. with an Ax, 4. 6. the Boughs, remaining. remanentibus Sar mentis, felleth

He cleaveth Knotty Wood

Findit Nodosum,

with a Wedge, 7. which he forceth in with a Beetle, 8.

Lignum Cuneo,

and maketh Wood-stacks,

& componit

The

Carpenter

squareth Timber with a Chip-Ax, 10.

quern adigit Tudite, 8. 9.

Strues, 9.

Faber Lignarius ascit Ascia, 10.

Materiem,

(So whence saweth

Chips, it

where the Saw- dust, falleth down. Afterwards he \.\\.z

Beam upon

12.

13.

Pully, 15.

Post elevat Tig mi in super Canterios, 14-

ope

Trochlecz, 15.

affigit

with Cramp-irons, it

16.

Ansis,

out

the Walls together,

18.

19.

LXV.

The Mason.

17.

Turn compaginat

and fasteneth the great pieces with Pins,

lineat

Amu ssi,

with a Line, 17. Thus he frameth

The Mason,

serrat Serrd, 12. ubi Scobs, 13.

decidit.

and marketh

lifteth

Tressels, 14.

by the help of a fasteneth

and unde Assuhc, n. cadunt,

fall,

with a Saw,

)

Parietes, 18.

configit trabes Claris trabalibus, 19.

Faber Murarius r

Faber Murarius,

layeth a Foundation, ponit Fiindamentum, and buildeth Walls, 2. & struit Muros, 2. Either of Stones Sive e Lapidibus, which the Stone-digger get- quos Lapidarius teth out of the Quarry, 3. eruit in Lapicidina, 3.

(

and the

& La font us,

Stone-cutter, 4.

squarcth by

a Rule,

Sive

of Bricks, 6. which are made

of Sand and Clay steeped in water, and are burned in

Later ib us,

fire.

Afterwards he plaisterit with Lime,

aqua intritis & excoquuntur igne. Dein crustat Calce,

by means of a Trowel, and garnisheth with a

ope Tntlhe,

LXVI.

One can carry much by thrusting

a Wheel-barrow,

Unus

his neck,) as

potest ferre

Pabonem,

ante

two men

can carry on a Colestaff, or Hand-barrow, 2.

Machinae.

tantum trudendo

before him, (having an Harness, 4. hanging

vest it Tectorio,

Engines.

qui formantur, ex Arena & Luto,

eth

Rough-cast,

conquadrat ad Nonnani,

se,

Suspensa a Collo) quan-

tum duo possunt

ferre

Palangd, vel Feretro,

But he can do more that Plus autem potest quiproWeight laid upon volvit Molem impositam

rolleth a

with a Leaver, Wind-beam, 7.

Rollers, 6.

A is

a post,

which

turned by going about

Crane,

hath a Hollow-wheel,

it.

Phalaugis (Cylindris, 6.) Vecte, 5. Ergata, 7. est columella, quae versatur circumeundo. Geranium, 8. habet Tympanum,

cui inambulans quis which one walking draweth weights out of a extrahit pondera navi, Ship, or letteth them down aut demittit in navem. in

into a Ship.

A is

Rammer,

Piles, 10. it is lifted

drawn by

with a Pit Ilies,

Rope n. \

pangendum

before the Door

of the House.

adtollitur Fune tracto per Trochleas, n. vel manibus, si

habet ansas,

12.

Domus.

LXVII.

House.

The Porch, is

adhibetur ad Sublicas, 10.

or with hands. if it have handles,

Fistuca,

used to fasten

Vestibitluni,

est ante

Domus.

Jamtam

;

The Door hath a Threshold,

and and

Jamia habet Limen,

a Lintel,

on both

Posts, 4.

sides.

& &

Siipcrliininare, 3. Pastes, 4. utrinque.

The Hinges, 5. are upon the right hand, upon which the Doors, 6.

a quibus

hang, the Latch,

Claustritin, 7.

and

the Bolt, 8. are on the left hand.

Car dines,

pendent Fores,

aut Pessulus,

Sub aedibus

a Fore-court, 9. with a Pavement

Pavimento

of square

Tessellato,

stones, 10.

a sinistris.

Before the House is

sunt a dextris,

est Cavcedinm, i

born up with Pillars, n. fulcitum Colninnis, 11. in which is the Chapiter, 1 2. in quibus Peristylium, 12. and the .Zfaw, 13. & Basis, 3. into the Ascenditurin superiores They go up upper Stories by Greess, 14. contignationes per Scalas, i

and Winding-stairs, 15. The Windows, 16. appear on the outside,

and the

Grates, 17.

the Galleries, 18. the Water-tables, 19. the Bnttercsses, 20. to bear up the walls.

the top

or Shingles,

the Roof, 21.

covered with

Tyles, 22.

23.

14.

Cocklidia, 15.

Fe ties tree,

16.

apparent extrinsecus, & Cane elli (c la t lira), 17. PergulcR, 18.

Suggrundia, 19. Fulcra, 20. fulciendis muris. In summo est Tectum, 21. contectum Imbricibus (tegu Us), 22. vel Scandulis, 23.

which lie upon Laths, 24. quae incumbunt Tig Hits, and these upon Rafters, 25. 24. haec Tignis, 25.

The

Eaves, 26.

JV<r/V?

adhaeret

adhere to the Roof. Stillicidiitm, 26. The place without a Roof Locus sine Tecto is called an open Gallery, 27. dicitur Subdiale, 27. In the Roof are In Tecto sunt Jetting's out, 28. Pinnacles, 29.

and

Me niana, &

28.

Coronides, 29.

(84)

LXVIII.

Mine.

Miners, \. go into the Grave,

Metalli fossores,

iinc, 2.

Piiteuin fod-

ingrediuntur

by a Stick, 3. or by Ladders, 4. with Lanthorns, 5. and dig out with a Pick,

Metallifodina.

Bacillo,

sive Gradibus, 4.

cum Lucernis, 5. & effodiunt Ligone,

the Oar,

terrain Metallicatn,

which being put in Baskets 7. is drawn out with a Rope, 8. by means of a Turn, 9. and is carried

quse imposita Corbibus, extrahitur Fune, 8.

ope Machime

tractorice, 9.

defertur

to the Melting-house, 10.

where

it is

forced with

that the Metal out,

12.

thrown

may

the Dross, aside.

in Ustrinam, 10. ubi urgetur igne, run ut Metallum, 12. profluat

fire,

\\.

Scoria, 11. abjiciuntur

scorsim.

LXIX.

The Blacksmith.

The

Blacksmith,

Faber ferrarius,

in his Smithy (or Forge),

bloweth the fire with SL fair of Bellows, 3. which he bloweth with his Feet, 4. and so heateth the Iron

And

then he taketh out with the Tongs, 5.

where the

And

quern adtollit :

Deinde eximit 6.

Forcipe,

imponit

Iiicudi, 6.

cudit

Malleo, 7. ubi Strictures,

Catemc, Lamincf,

Hinges, &c.

Car dines, &c.

hot Irons

exiliunt.

Et sic excuduntur,

out, Nails, 9. Horse-shoes, 10. Cart-strakes, i Chains, 12. Plates, Locks and Keys,

He quencheth

Pede, 4. atq; itacandefacit Ferrum:

sparks, 8. fly off.

in a Cool-trough.

Folle, 3.

thus are hammer'd

in Ustrina (Fabrica). inflat ignem

layeth it upon the Aircile, and striketh it

with an Hammer,

Faber Ferrarius.

Clari, 9. Solea, 10.

Canthi.

Senecum

Clavibus,

Restinguit cadentia,

Ferramenta

in Lacu.

86;

LXX. The Box-maker and

Scrinarius

The Box-maker,

smootheth hcwcn Boards, with a Plain, 3.

the Turner.

Tornator.

Arcularius, \ edolat Asseres,

Runcina,

Planula,

in Tabula, upon a work-board, 4. he maketh them very smooth deplanat

with a little-plain, 5. he boreth them thorow with an Augre, 6. carveth them with a Knife, 7.

perforat (terebrat) Terebra,

sculpit Cultro,

them together combinat with Gtewznd Cramp-Irons, Glutinc & Subscudibus, & facit Tabu las, 9. 8. and maketh Tables, 9. fasteneth

Boards,

Me nsas,

10.

Chests, ii.

10.

Arcus (Cistas), n. &c.

&c.

The Turner, 12. Tornio, \ 2 sitting over the Treddle, 3. sedens in Insili, 13. turneth with a Throw, 15. tornat Tor no, 15. .

Turners Bench,

upon

14.

16. Tops, 17,

Bowls,

14. Globos,

Puppets, 1 8. and such like Turners Work.

The

Pitchers, 5.

y*^.

Patinas,

10.

of Potter

Tripodes, 6.

Pudding-pans,

Z^,

sedens super Rota, format Ollas, 4. Urceos,

Platters,

Conos, 17.

& Figulus.

Figitlas, 2.

,/W.r, 4.

Pipkins,

18.

similia Toreumata.

Potter,

sitting over a Wheel,

maketh

Icu licit las,

LXXI.

Potter.

The

super Scam no Tornatorio,

FCZ.SVZ

testacea, 8.

&c.

Fidelias, 9. Ope re tila, 10. &c.

s Clay, 3.

A rgilla,

afterwards he baketh them postea excoquit in

<9z'<?/z,

Fur no,

and glazeth them

with White Lead.

Lithargyro.

A broken

Pot affordeth

Pot-sheards, 12.

incrustat

Fracta Olla dat Testas, 12.

The Parts of

House

ut sunt Atrium,

Hypocaustmn, Cella Penuaria,

the Gallery, 6. the Bed Chamber, Baskets,

distinguitur

in Conclavia, \.

the Buttery, 4. the Dining Room,

a Privy,

Domus

Partes

Domus

divided

into inner Rooms, such as are the Entry,

the Stove, 2. the Kitchen,

LXXII.

House.

Ccenaculum,

Camera,

cum 7.

made by

with

Cubiculum,

Secessit

(Latrina),

adstructo.

it.

Corbe s,

are of use for carrying things. and Chests, 10. (which are

inserviunt rebus transferendis,

made

(quae Clavd, \\. recluduntur) adfervandis illis. Sub Tecto, est Solum

with a Key, for keeping them. fast

Under is

the Roof, the Floor, 12. In the Yard, 13.

is a

Well, 14.

Stable, 15.

Arccc, 10.

(Pavimentum), In Area, 13. Puteus, 14. Stabuhim, 15.

12.

and a Bath,

cum

16.

the Cellar,

Balncv,

16.

Sub Domo

Under the House

est Cella, 17.

17.

LXXIII. The Stove with the Bed-room.

Hypocaustum cum Dormitorio. The

Stove, is beautified

Hypocaiistnin,

with an Arched Roof

Laqueari*

and main seated

Walls,

It is enlightened with Windows, 4.

It is

Its

Illuminatur

Fornace, 5. Ejus Utensilia simt

Scamna,

Stools, 7.

Sellce, 7.

Tables, 8.

Menste,

with

cum

Tressels, 9.

Footstools, 10.

-and Cushions,

tabulates Parietibus, 3,

Calefit 5.

Utensils are

Benches,

Fenestris, 4.

heated

with an Oven,

ornatur

Fuleris, 9.

Scabellis, 10.

Culcitris,

1 1

There are also hanged,

Tapestries

12.

For soft lodging in a Sleeping-room, 13. there is a Bed, 14. spread on a Bed-sted, 15. upon a Straw -pad, 16. with

Sheets, 17.

and Cover- 1ids, 18. The Bolster, 19. is under ones head. The Bed is covered with a Canopy,

super Straincntiim,

16.

cum Lodicibits, 17. & Sir agulis, 18.

Canopeo, 20. Lectus tegitur.

20.

Chamber-pot, 21. for making water in.

Wells.

Appenduntur etiam Tapetcs, 12. Pro levi cubatu, in Dormitorio, 13. est Lectus, (Cubile) 14. stratus in Sponda, 15.

Cervical, 19. est sub capite.

A is

Matula,

21.

est vesicre levandae.

LXXIV.

Putei.

Where

Ubi fontes deficiunt, Springs are wanti. are Putei, i. effodiuntur, digged, and they are compassed & circumdantur about with a Brandrith, 2. Crepidine, 2. ing, Wells,

any one fall in. Thence is water drawn

lest

ne quis incidat. Inde aqua hauritur

r 9'

with Buckets,

hanging

Units (situlis),

either at a Pole,

or a Rope, 5. or a Chain, 6.

vel

or a

a Swipe,

Pump,

idque aut Tollcnone,

Antlia,

,'lt

.-A...

*_^

-<I

10.

LXXV.

The Bath. Jf

Manubriato. aut ^?t>/tf (tympano), aut deinque

or to conclude,

Balneum.

lila f

SHBIiii

3a*

that desireth to be

wash'd

Qui cupit

cold water,

goeth down into

aqua

a. River, In a Bathing-house, 2. we wash off the filth

either sitting in a Tub,

or going up into the Hot-house,

aut Girgillo, aut Cylindro,

]]'inJle, 8.

or a Turn, 9. with a Handle or a Wheel, 10.

Fu nc,

vel Catena,

and that either by

pendentibus vel Pertica,

lavari

frigidfi,

descendit in Fluviuin, In Balneario,

abluimus

squalores,

sive sedentes in Labro, 3. sive conscendentes in Sudatorium, 4.

and we

are rubbed with a Pumice-stone,

a Hair-cloth, 5. off

defricamur

Pumice, 6. aut Cilicio,

In the Stripptng-room,

we put

our clothes,

In Apodytcrio, 7. exuimus Vestes,

and are tyed about

& praecingimur

with an Apron, 8. We cover our Head with a Cap, g. and put our feet

(Subligari),

& imponimus pedes

into a Bason, 10.

Telluvio, 10.

The Bath-woman,

Castula

Tegimus caput Pilcolo, 9.

\\.

Balneatrix,

reacheth water in a Bucket, ministrat aquam Situla, 12. drawn out of the haustam ex Alveo, 13. Trough,

13.

which

into

runneth out oiPipes,

The

Bath-keeper,

14.

16.

15.

scarificat Scalpro, 16.

& applicando

and by applying Cupping-glasses,

Canalibus, 14.

Balneator,

15.

lanceth with a Lancet,

in quern defluit

he draweth the Blood betwixt the skin and the flesh, which he wipeth away with a Spnnge, 18.

Cucurbitas, 17.

extrahit Sangiiinem

subcutaneum, quern abstergit Spongid,

18.

(

93}

LXXVI.

The Barbers Shop.

The Barbei', i. in the Barbers-shop, cutteth off the Hair

Tonstrina.

Tonsor, 2.

in Tonstrina,

tondet

Critics

and the Beard

& Bar bam

with a pair of Sizzars, 3. or shaveth with a Razor, which he taketh out of his Case, 4. And he washeth one over a Bason, 5. with Suds running out of a Larcr, 6. and also with Sope, 7.

Forcipe, 3. vel radit Novacula,

and wipeth him

with a Towel,

combeth him with 9. and curleth him

quam depromit e Thcca, 4.

Et lavat

super

Fclri/n,

Lixirio defluente e Gulturnio, ut & Sap one,

6. 7.

tergit

Linteo, 8.

a Comb, pectit Pecfinc,

crispat

with a Crisping Iron, 10. Sometimes he cutteth a Vein with a Pen-knife, \ \.

Scalpel/o,

where the Blood spirteth

ubi Sanguis propullulat,

out, 12.

12.

Calainistro, 10.

Interdum secat 1 1

Venam

The Chintrgcon cureth

The

LXXVII.

Stable.

The

Chirurgits curat Vulnera.

Wounds.

cleaneth the Stable

Stabularias (Equiso), purgat Stab ulu in

from Dung,

a Fimo,

Horse-keeper, 2.

tyeth a Horse, with a Halter, 4. to the Manger, 5. or if he apt to bite, he maketh him fast with a Muzzle, 6. Then he streweth 7. under him.

Alligat

Eq mi m,

Capistro, 4.

ad Prcesepe, aut

mordax

constringit Fiscella, 6. Litter,

ivinnoweth Oats

with a Van,

Deinde substernit Stramenta, 7. VentHat Avenam,

Vanno,

(being mixt with Chaff, and taken out

(Paleis mixtam, ac deprom p tarn a Cista Pabula-

of a Chest,

toria, 10.)

10.)

and with them feedeth

the Clique pascit equum, Horse, as also with Hay, 9. ut & fee no, 9.

(95) Postea ducit

Afterwards he leadeth

Watering-trough, ad Aquarium, to water. aquatum.

him to the 1 1.

with

Pan no,

combeth him with a Curry-comb, 15. covereth him with an Hoitsing-clotlt, 14. and looketh upon his Hoofs

whether the be

fast

Shoes, 13.

with the Nails.

KDial

depeclit Strig Hi,

insternit

Gausape,

14.

inspicit Soleas, an Calcei ferrei, 13.

firmis Clavis haereant.

Horologia,

Horologium dimetitur Horas.

measureth Hours. ^ A Sun -dial, i. sheweth by the shadow

Solarium, i. ostendit umbra

of the Pin,

Gnomonis,

what

a Clock

it is

quota

;

either on a Wall,

or a Compass,

sit

Hora

;

sive in Pariete, sive in Pyxide Magnetica, 3.

Hour-glass,

iz.

LXXVII.

Dials,

Turn detergit

Then he rubbeth him a Cloth, 12.

Clepsydra, 4.

slieweth the four parts of ostendit partes horae quaan hour by the running of tuor, fluxu Arctic?,

Sand, heretofore of water. olim aquae. A Clock. 5. Automaton, 5. numeral etiam numbereth also the

Hours of the Night, by Nocturnas Horas, the turning of the Wheels, circulatione Rotarum, the greatest whereof quarum maxima is drawn by a Weight, and draweth the rest.

Pondere,

trahitur a

trahit caeteras.

Then either the Bell, 7. Turn vel Campana, 7. by its sound, being struck sonitu suo, percussa on by the Hammer, or the a MaHcolo, vel Index extra Hand, 8. without, by its Circuitione sua motion about sheweth the indicat horam. hour.

The

LXXIX,

Picture.

Pictures,

Pictura,

Picturcc,

delight the Eyes

oblectant Oculos

and adorn Rooms.

& ornant

The

Pit inter,

painteth an

Pictor,

Conclavia. 2.

pingit Efficient

(97 with a Pencil, in a Table, 4.

upon

)

Penicilio, 3. in Tabula, 4.

a Case-frame,

holding his Pallet, 6. in his left hand, on which are the Paints which were ground bythe Boy, 7. on a Marble.

super Pluteo, 5. tenens Orbem Pic toriurn,

quae terebantur a 7. in marmore.

puero,

The Carver

Sculptor,

and Statuary carve Statues, of

Wood and

exsculpunt Statuas,

Stone.

10.

with a Graving

Wood,

& Chesil, 9.

Brass,

10.

Characteres,

Cixlo, 9.

Ligno,

and other Metals.

^Eri,

aliisque Metallis.

LXXX.

Looking-glasses.

Looking-glasses,

Scalptor

insculpit Figuras,

and Characters in

Ligno & Lapide.

Cdelator &

Cutter

grave Shapes,

Statuarius

The Graver and the

in sinistra, in quo Pigmenta

Specularia,

Specularia.

are provided that Men may see themselves. Spectacles,

that he

who

parantur, ut homines intueantur seipsos.

may

Perspicilla, 2.

ut cernat acius

see better,

hath a weak sight. afar off are seen

Things

in a Perspective Glass, 3. as things near at hand.

per telescopium, ut proxima.

Flea appeareth

in a muliplying-glass, like a little hog.

The Rays burn wood

qui habet visum debilem. Remota videntur

Pulex,

ut porcellus. Radii Solis

of the Sun,

accendunt ligna per Vitrum urens,

The Cooper.

LXXXI.

Cooper,

in Microscopic apparet

through a Burning-glass,

The

having an Apron, about him, maketh Hoops

Vietor, 2,

of Hazel-rods, 3. upon a cutting-block, with a Spoke-Shave,

Victor.

tied

amictus Pr&cinctorio,

6 Virgis Colurnis, 3. super Sellam incisoriam, 4.

Scalpro bimanubriato,

facit Circulos,

(99) and Lags,

of Timber,

Of Lags he maketh Hogsheads,

and

Pipes,

with two Heads

and Tubs,

;

Labra,

10.

Pitynas [Trimodia], n.

buckets, 12.

with one Bottom. Then he bindeth them with Hoops, 13. which he tyeth fast with small Twigs, 15.

fundo uno. Postea vincit

Situ las, 12.

Circulis,

quos

with a Mallet,

Viminibus,

Tudite,

16.

ligat

by means of a Cramp-iron, ope Falcis 14. and he fitteth them on & aptat

and

vietoria, 14.

ac Tudifida,

a Driver, 17.

LXXXIL The Roper, and

Restio,

The

Roper,

;

turn Lacus,

1 1

ex Ligno.

Assulis conficit

ZW/0, 7. & Cupas, Fundo bino

Soes, 10.

flaskets,

Assulas,

. \

the Cordwainer.

Lorarius.

Restiff,

j .

twisteth Cords, z. of Tow, or Hemp,

contorquet Funes,

(which he wrappeth about

quam circumdat

himself) by the turning of a Wheel, Thus are made

agitatione Rotulit., Sic fiunt,

first Cords,

then Ropes,

and

Funiculi, turn Restes, 6.

at last, Cables,

1 1

10.

1 1

Girdles, 12.

Cingula,

Sword-belts, 13.

Baltheos, 13.

Pouches,

The

Hippoperas,

v?r/<?

14. 15.,

beareth on his shoulders

&c.

bubulo, 9.

LXXXIII.

Traveller.

Traveller,

12.

Cru menus,

14.

Port-mantles, 15. &c. out of a Beast-hide, 9.

Lorarius, 8. scindit Loramenta, 10. Frtzna,

tandem Rudentes,

Cord-wainer, cutteth great Thongs, Bridles,

sibi 3.

prim 6

The

e Stupa, 4. vel Cannabi,

Viator,

Viator.

portat humeris

in a Budget,

in Bulga, 2. quae non capit

those things

which his Satchel, 3. Funda, 3. or Pouch, 4. cannot hold. vel Marsupium, 4. He is covered Tegitur with a Cloak, 5. Lacernd, 5. Tenet Baculum, He holdeth a Staff, 6. in his

hand wherewith

to bear

Manu

quo se fulciat.

himself.

Opus habet

hath need of

Provision for the way, as also of a pleasant

Viatico,

and

& facundo

fido

Comite, 7. merry Companion, 7. Non deserat Viam Let him not forsake the

High-road, 9. for a Footway, 8. unless it be a

regiam propter Semitam,

beaten Path.

Callis tritus.

nisi sit

10.

By-ways, where

&\\& places

10.

Avia, tivo

ways

Bivia,

1 1

meet, 11.

deceiveandlead men aside fallunt

seducunt,

into uneven-places, 12.

in Salebras,

so do not By-paths,

non aeque Tramites,

and

13.

Cross-ways, 14.

Compita, 14, Sciscitet igitur

Let him therefore enquire of those he meeteth, obvios, 15. sit eundum 5. which way he must go; qua & caveat and let him take heed 1

of Robbers,

Prxdones,

;

16.

as in the way, so also in the Inn, 17. where

ut in via, sic etiam

he lodgeth

ubi pernoctat.

all

Night.

in Diversorio, 17.

13.

The Horse-man

Eques.

The Horse-man, setteth a Saddle, on his Horse, 3.

and girdeth

with a Girth,

Eques,

idque succingit Cingulo,

layeth a Saddle-cloth, also upon him.

Ephippium,

He 5.

imponit Equo,

Ornat eum

decketh him with

Trappings, a Fore-stall, a Breast-cloth, 7.

and a Crupper, 8. Then he getteth upon

Insternit etiam Dorsuale,

Phaleris, Frontali,

Antilena,

Postilena,

Deinde

insilit in

his Horse, putteth his feet Equum, indit pedes into the Stirrops, 9. takStapedibus, 9. 10. n. capes sit Lor urn (habewherewith nam),io. Ereni, n. sinistr& he guideth and holdeth quo flectit, & retinet

cth the Bridle-rein, in his left hand,

the Horse.

Then he putteth his Spurs, 12.

Equum. to

Turn admovet Calcaria, 12.

103

setteth him on with a Switch, 13. and holdeth him in with a Musrol, 14.

and

incitatque Virgula, 13.

coercet

Postomide, 14.

The Holsters, 15, Bulge, 15. hang down from the Pum- pendent ex Apice mel of the Saddle, in

which the

Ephippii, 16.

Pistols, 17.

are put.

The Rider is clad in a short Coat, 18. his Cloak being tyed behind him,

A is

19.

Post, 20.

carried on Horseback

at full

Snow and

Sled,

Ice.

Carriage with one

Wheel,

barrow,

Ipse Eques induitur Chlamyde, 18. LacernA revinctd, 19. a tergo. Veredarius, 20. fertur Equo

LXXXV

We are carried on a over

17.

cursim.

Gallop.

Carriages.

quibus Sclopi, mseruntur.

called a Wheel-

Vehicula,

Vehimur Trahd, super Nivibus

Glacie.

Vehiculum unirotum, dicitur Pabo,

( 104 )

with two Wheels, a Car/, 3. birotum, Car r us, 3. with four Wheels,a Wagon, quadrirotum, Currus,

which

is either qui vel a Timber-wagon, 4. Sarracum, 4. vel Plaustrum, 5. or a Load-wagon, 5. Partes Currus sunt, The parts of the Wagon

are, the tree), 6.

6. Neep (or draughtthe Beam, 7. Jugum, 7. ,

the Bottom, 8. and the S>V/<?.y,

Co mp ages, Spondee,

Turn ^jc^,

Then

the Axle-trees, 10. about which the Wheels

circa quos

run, the Lin-pins,

Paxillis, ii.

and

Axletree-staves,

i. \

be-

ing fastened before them. The Nave, 13. is the

groundfast of the Wheel, 14.

from

which come

10.

currunt,

-tftfA?

Obicibus, 12.

praefixis.

Modiolus, Basis ^/te,

13. est

14.

ex quo prodeunt

duodecim Radii, 15. 15. Orbile ambit hos, encompasseth which is made compositum

twelve Spokes,

The these,

-/?///

of six Felloes,

and

many

Strakes, 17.

Hampiers and Hurdles, are set in a

Wagon.

sex Absidibus, 6. & totidem Canthis, e

16.

18.

17.

O-tf/, 1 8. imponuntur Currui. Ci?r

105 ;

LXXXVI. Carrying

and

The Coach-man, joineth a Horse jit a

Saddle-horse,

Vectura.

fro.

Auriga, \. match jungit Parippum,

2, 3.

to the Coach-tree,

ad Temonem,

with Thongs or Chains, 5. hanging down from the

Loris vel Catenis,

Collar, 4.

Then he

sitteth

with a ]Vhip,

and guideth them

Sella-

dependentibus de Helcio, 4.

Deinde insidet

upon

the Saddle-horse, and driveth them that go before him, 6.

rio, 3.

Sellario,

agit ante seantecessores,6.

Sc it'tied,

flectit

with a String, 8 Fiinibus, 8. He greaseth the Axle-tree Ungit Axcm with Axle-tree grease Axungid, out of a Grease-pot, 9. ex vase unguentorio, and stoppeth the wheel & inhibet rotam with a Trigen, 10. Sufflamine, 10.

106; in praecipiti descensu. Et sic aurigatur

in a steep descent.

And

thus the Coach is driven along the Wheelruts,

1 1

per Orbitas,

Great Persons tare carryed with six Horses, 12. by two Coachmen, in a Hanging-wagon, which is called a Coach, 3 \

Others with two Horses, 14. in a Chariot, 15.

Horse

Litters,

are carried by

passable,

1 1

Curru I

pensili,

qui vocatur Carpentum (Pilentum), Alii jBijugibits, Essedo, 1 5

13,

14.

6, 17.

Arcercf, 16.

& Lacticx,

17.

two Horses. portantur a duobus Equis. Utuntur

They use Pack-Horses, instead of Waggons, thorow Hills

Magnates vehuntur Sejugibus, 12. d 1 o b s RhcJa riis,

Ju mentis

that are not

Clitellariis,

loco Curruum, per monies invios,

18.

LXXXVII. Passing over Waters.

Transitus

Aquarum

Lest he that is to pass Trajecturus tlumen over a River should be wet, madefiat,

ne-

107

Bridges,

Ponies,

were invented for Car- excogitati sunt pro Veriages, and Foot-bridges, 2. hiculis & Ponticuli, 2. for Foot- men. pro Peditibus. Si

If a river

have a Foord,

Flumen

habet Vadum,

ivaded over, 4. Flotes, 5. also are

vadatur,

it is

made

Rates,*), etiam struuntur ex compactis tignis; vel Pontones, 6. or Ferry-boats, 6. of planks laid close to- ex trabibus consolidatis, gether for fear they should ne excipiant aquam. receive Water. Porro Lintres (Lembi), 7. Besides Scullers, 7. are made, which are rowed fabricantur, qui with an Oar, 8. aguntur Remo, 8.

Timber pinned

or Pole, 9. or haled with an Haltng-rope,

Swimming.

Men to

together;

are wont also swim over Waters

vel Conto, 10.

aut trahuntur Remulco, 10.

LXXXVIII.

Solent etiam tranare aquas

Natatus.

a bundle of flags,

upon

and besides upon blown z.

Beast-bladders,

and

super scirpeum fascem, \. porro super inflatas bourn Vesicas,

by throwing their Hands and Feet, 3. after,

deinde libere jactatu

Mannum Pediimqne,

abroad.

And to

Tandem

at last they learned

tread the water,

didicerunt

calcare

aquam, 4. 4. immersi being plunged up to the girdle-stead, and carrying cingulo tenus & gestantes their Cloaths upon their Vestes supra caput. head.

Diver,

Urinator,

can swim also under the water like a Fish.

LXXXIX.

Galley.

Remis,

a Barge, 2. or a Foyst, &c. is

which the

Navis actuaria.

JVaris instructa

Ship furnished

with Oars,

ftowcrs,

etiam natare potest sub aqua, ut Piscis.

\ .

est Uniremis,

vel Bireinis, &c. in

qua

Reiniges,

(

sitting

considentes pre Transtra,. 4. ad Scalmos,

Seats, 4.

by the Oar-rings,

row, by striking the water remigant pellendo aquam with the Oars, 5. Remis,

The

Ship-master,

standing in the

and the

Fore-castle,

Steers-man,

sitting at the Stern,

and holding the Rudder,

Proreta, 6. stans in Prora,

Gubernator,

sedens in Puppi, tenensque Clarion,

steer the Vessel.

Merchant-ship.

A is

Ship,

driven onward

XC.

Navis oneraria.

Navigium,

impellitur,

non remis, sed not by Oars, but by the sola vi Ventorum. only force of the Winds. In it is a Mast, 2. set up, In illo Mains, 2. erigifastened with Shrowds, 3. tur, firmatus Funibus, 3. on

all

chains.

sides to the main-

undiquead

Oras'_Navis,

(

which the

Sail-yards, 4.

are tied, and the Sails,$. to his, Vela, 5. quae these, which are spread expanduntur, 6. ad Ventum open, 6. to the wind, and are hoysed by Bowlings,

The

versantur.

Versoriis, 7.

Vela sunt

Sails are

the Main-sail, 8. the Trinket, or Fore-sail,

Artemon, 9.

the Misen-sail or Poop-

Dolon,

Epidromus,

10.

sail, 10.

The Beak, is in

The is

1 1

Rostrum,

the Fore-deck. Ancient, 12.

Signum (vexillum),

placed in the Stern.

1 1

est in Prora.

the Mast

12.

ponitur in Puppi. In

Malo

the Foretop, 13. est Corbis, 13. the Watch-tower of the Ship Specula Navis and over the Fore-top & supra Galeam is

a Vane, to shew

Wind The

Aplustre, 14.

14.

which way the

Ventorum Index.

standeth. ship

Navis

stayed

with an Anchor,

sistitur

Anchord, 15. Profunditas exploratur

15.

The depth is fathomed with a Plummet, 16. Bolide, 16. Navigantes deambulant Passengers walk up and

down

the Decks,

in Tabulato, 17.

17.

The Sea men run

and

Nautae cursitant

fro

through the Hatches, 18. per Foros, 18. And thus, even Seas Atque ita, etiam are passed over. trajiciuntur.

Maria

Naufragium.

Ship-wreck.

When a Storm, Cum roc ella, \. ariseth on a sudden, oritur repente contrahunt Vela, 2. they strike Sail, 2. lest the Ship should be ne Navis ad Scopulos, dashed against Rocks, $ or allidatur, aut incidat i

light

upon

If they

they suffer Ship-wreck, 5. And then the men, the all

things are

miserably lost. Nor doth the Sheat-anchor, 6 being cast with a Cable, do any gooc.

Some either

escape, a Plank,

Brevia (Syrtes), 4. non possunt prohibere patiuntur Naufragium, 5. in

Shelves, 4.

cannot hinder her

Wares, and

Turn Homines, Merces, omnia miserabiliter pereunt.

Neque

hie

Sacra anchora, jacta

Quidam

evadunt,

and by swimming,

ac enatando, vel

oupn

the Shoars.

Scap ha,

adjuvat.

in the Boat, 8.

Rudenti

quidquam

vel tabula,

Part of the Wares, with the dead folks, is carried out of the Sea,

Pars Mercium cum mortuis 9.

a Man', tur.

9. in

littora defer-

Ars Scriptoria.

Writing.

Tht Ancients

writ

Veteres scribebant

in Tables done over with r.v.v in Tabellis ceratis with a brazen Poitrel, i. aeneo Stilo, \.

with the sharp end, 2. cujusflarte cuspidata, 2. whereof letters were enexarabantur literae, graven and rubbed out rursum vero obliterabanpland. again with \.\LQ broad end, 3. Afterwards Deinde Literas pingebant they writ Letters sub tilt Calamo, 4. with a small Reed, 4. Nos utimur Anserina PenWe use a Goose-quill, 5. the Stem, 6. no,, 5. cujus Caulem, 6. of which

we make

temperamus

with a Pen-knife, j. then we dip the JVel> in an Ink-horn, 8.

turn intingimus

which

quod obstruitur

with a

Stopple, 9.

stopped

Scalpello, i

Crenam

in Atramentario, 8.

Operculo, 9.

and we put our Pens,

& Pennas rerondimus

into a Pennar, 10. dry a Writing

in Calamario, 10.

Siccamus Scripturam

Chart <l bibula,

with Blotting-paper or Call's- sand out of a Sand-box, And we indeed write from the left hand )

vel

towards the right, 12. the Hebrews from the right hand towards the left, 13. the Chinese and other Indians^ from the top downwards,

Arend

14.

XCIII.

Paper.

The Ancients used Beech- Boards,

or Leaves, 2. as also Barks, especially

Papyrus.

Veteres utebantur

Ta bulls

Faginis,

aut Folits, 3.

of Trees

ii.

a dextr;i sinistrorsum, 13. Chinenses & Indi alii, a summo deor-

sum,

14.

scriptoria,

ex Thcca Pulveraria, Et nos quidem scribimus a sinistra dextrorsum, 12. Hebr&i

;

Libris, 3.

Arborum

;

praesertim

Arbusculae ^Egyptiae, of an Egyptian Shrub, which was called Papyrus. cui nomen erat Papyrus. Nunc Charta est in usu, Now Paper is in use which the Paper-maker quam Chattopxus .T

(

maketh

in a Paper-mill, 4.

of Linen rags,

stamped to Mash, 6. which being taken up frames, 7. he spreadeth into

and

setteth

them

make

Sheets, 8.

in the

twenty Quires a Ream, and ten of these 1 1

10.

That which is to last long is written on Parchment,

The

Volumen majus, 1 1 Duraturum diu \

minus,

Mem-

scribitur in 2.

Typographia.

Typos

M eta

11 os,

magno numero

number

put into Boxes, 5. The Compositor,

XX. Scapi Volumen 10. horum X.

Typographits habet

Printer hath

metal Letters in a large

aeri,

XCIV.

Printing.

Harum XXV.

brana,

ut siccentur.

faciunt Scapum,

a Bale of Paper,

Normulis, 7. diducit in Plagulas,

Air exponitque

may

a Quire,

Linteis vetustis,

Pulmentum contusis, quod haustum in

be dryed. Twenty-five of these

that they

in mola Papyracea,^. conficit

dis-

tributes per Loculamenta^, i

Typothcta,

taketh them out one by one eximit illos singulatim, and according to the Copy, & secundum exemplar (which he hath fastened (quod habet praefixum before him in a Visorum, 2.) sibi Retinaculo, 2.) composeth words componit Verba -

in a Composing-stick, 3. till a Line be made

Gnomone,

donee

versus fiat; he putteth these in a Gaily, hos indit Forma, ;

a Page, 6. be made, donee Pagina, 6. fiat these again in a. Form, has iterum Tabu Id compos-

4. till

;

and 7. and he locketh them up

coarctaque eos Marginibus ferreis, 8. with Coy us, 9. ope Cochlearum, 9. lest they should drop out, ne dilabantur, and putteth them under ac subjicit itorid, j.

in Iron Chases, 8.

the Press,

10.

Then the Press-man beateth

over

with Printers Ink, by means of Balls, 1 1. spreadeth upon it the Papers put in the Frisket, 12. which being put

under the Spindle, 14. on the Coffin, 13. and pressed down with a Bar, 15. he maketh to take impression.

Prelo, 10.

Turn Impressor illinit

Atramento impressorio ope Pilarum, super imponit Chartas \

inditas Operculo, 12.

quas subditas Trochlece, 14.

in Tigello, 13.

& impressas Sue u Id, 15. facit imbibere typos.

xcv. The Booksellers Shop.

The Bookseller, selleth Books

Bibliopola,

which he writeth

a Catalogue,

are placed

on Shelves, 4. and are laid open for use

upon

A is

a Desk,

in Bibliopolio,

quorum

Multitude of Books

called a Library,

conscribit

Cataloguni,

The Books

vendit Libros

in a Booksellers Shop,

Bibliopolium.

Libri disponuntur

per Repositoria,

& exponuntur

ad usum,

super Pluteum, 5. Multitude Librorum vocatur Bibliotheca, 6.

The Book-binder.

XCVI.

Bibliopegus.

In times past they glevved Paper to Paper, and rolled them up to-

Olim agglutinabant Chartam Chartae, convolvebantque eas

gether into one Roll, At this day

unum

Volumen,

the Book-binder

Compactor

bindeth Books, whilst he wipeth,

compingit Libros, 2.

Hodie

over

dum

tergit, 2.

Papers steept in Gum-wa- chartas maceratas aqua ter, and then foldeth them glutinosd, deinde together,

complicat,

beatheth with a hammer, then stitrheth them up,

4. 5.

malleat, 4. turn consult,

presseth them in a Press,6. conprimit Prelo, 6. which hath two Screws, 7. quod habet duos Coch/eas,j. glueth them on the back, conglutinat dorso, cutteth off the edges demarginat

with a round Knife, 8. rot undo Cultro, 8. at last covereth them tandem vestit with Parchment or Leather, Membrand vel Corio,

and

maketh them handsome, efFormat, and setteth on Clasps, 10. & affigit Uncinulos,

10.

A as to is

Book its outward shape,

either in Folio,

or in Quarto, in Octavo,

Liber,

quoad exteriorem formant vel in Quarto, in Octavo, 3.

either

open Side-wise,

or Long-wise, 6. with Brazen Clasps, or Strings, 8.

and

Liber

est vel in folia,

in Duodecimo,

made

us;

XCVII.

Book.

Square-bofles,

in Duodecimo, 4.

^tteis Clausuris,

vel Ligulis,

vel Columnatus, 5. vel Linguatus, 6.

cum

angularibus Bullis,

sunt Folia,

Within are Leaves, 10. with two Pages, sometimes divided with

aliquando Columnis,

Columns,

visa

1 1

and Marginal

Notes,

Intiis

8. 9.

10.

duabis Paginis, 11.

cumq;

Notis Marginalibus,

12.

di~

School

Schola.

A School, is

Shop

Schola, \ est Officina, in

which

Young Wits are fashion'd to vertue, and it is distinguished into Forms. The Master, 2. sitteth in a Chair, 3. the Scholars, 4. in Forms, 5. he teacheth, they learn. Some things

qua

Novelli Animi formantur ad virtutem, & distinguitur in Classes. Preceptor, 2. sedet in Cathedra,

Discipuli, 4. in Subselliis, 5. ille docet, hi discunt.

Quaedam

down

before them praescribuntur illis Cretd in Tabella, 6. with Chalk on a Table, 6.

are writ

Some

Quidam sedent ad Mensam, & scribunt,

sit

at a Table,

and write,

he mendeth their Faults,

ipse corrigit

Mendas,

Some

stand and rehearse Quidam stant, & committed to tant mandata things memoriae, 9. memory, 9.

Some

talk together,

10.

and behave themselve? wantonly and carelessly

reci-

Quidam confabulantur* 10.

;

ac gerunt se

petulantes,

negligentes;

(

120

these are chastised

with a Ferrula.

and a Rod,

hi castigantur Ferula, (baculo),

12.

The Study.

Virgd, 12.

Museum.

XCIX.

The is 2,

Museum, i. Study, \. a place where a Student, est locus ubi Studiosus, secretus ab Hominibus, sedet solus

apart from Men,

sitteth alone,

addicted to his Studies, whilst he readeth Books,

deditus Studiis, 3.

dum

lectitat Libros,

which being within his quos penes se reach he layeth open up- & exponit super on a Desk, 4. and picketh Plitteum, 4. & excerpit all

the best things out of optima quaeque ex illis into his own Manual, in Manuale suum, 5.

them 5.

tnarketh

them with or a

little

in the

them

a Dash, 6.

Star,

Margent.

Being

to sit

notat in

illis

Liturd, vel Asterisco,

ad Margiem. late,

Lucubraturus,

r e e va t Lych n u m ( Ca tie la m ) 8. 8. in Candelabra, 9. on a Candlestick, 9. which is snuffed with Snuf- qui emungitur Emunctorio,

he setteth a Candle,

fers, 10. before the

Candle^ 10. ante Lynchum collohe placeth a Screen, n. cat Umbraculnm, n. which is green, that it may quod viride est, ne hebenot hurt his eye-sight tet oculorum aciem richer Persons use a Taper, opulentioresutuntur Cereo ;

;

for a Tallow-candle stink-

nam

eth and smoaketh.

fcetet

Letter; 12.

wrapped

up, writ upon, 13

and

Candela sebacea

fugimat.

Epistola, 12.

complicatur,

inscribitur, 13.

sealed, 14.

Going abroad by

he maketh use of a Lanthorn, 15. or a Torch, 16.

obsignatur,

14.

Prodiens noctu

night,

utitur Lanterna, vel Face, 16.

Arts belonging to Speech.

Aries Sermones. Gramituir,

\. |

Grammattca,

15.

r is

conversant about

Letters,

versatur circa Literas,

which it maketh ex quibus componit Voces? Words,$. and teacheth how verba, 3. docetqueelo-

to utter, write, 4. put together and part them

qui, scribere,

rightly.

pungere) eas

Rhetorick, 5. doth as it were paint,

a rude form,

ere,

Rhetorica, 6.

of Speech with Oratory

constru-

distinguere (inter-

pingit,

recte.

quasi

rudem formam, 7. Sermon is OratorUs

Flourishes, 8. such as are Figures,

Pig mentis,

Elegancies,

Elegantice,

Adagies,

Apothegms,

Adagia (proverbia) Apothegmata,

Sentences,

Sententiiz

Similies,

Similia,

(Gnomae)

Hieroglyphica, &c.

Hierogylphicks, Poetry,

ut sunt Figura,

Poesis,

gathereth these Flowers of colligit hos Flares Speech, 10. tieth them as

and

into a little

Orationis,

were Garland, n. it

& in

10.

colligat quasi

Corallam,

1 1.

and so making of Prose

atque

a Poem,

ligatam orationem,

ita,

faciens e prosa

maketh several sorts of componi varia Carmina & Hymnos (Odas) Verses and Odes, and is therefore crowned ac propterea coronatur it

with a Laurel, Musick,

12.

Lauru,

12.

Music a,

13.

setteth Tunes, 14.

omponit

13.

Afelodias, 14.

vi\i\\ pricks,

Notts,

which it setteth words, and so singeth alone,

quibus aptat verba, atque ita cantat sola

or in Consort, or by Voice, or Musical Instruments,

aut voce aut

vel Concentu {Symphonic?)

15.

[nstrumentis Musicis,

15..

123}

(

Musical Instruments.

Instrumenta musica-

CI.

Musical Instruments are Musica instrumenta sunt those which make a sound: quae edunt vocem :

Primo,

First,

when they are beaten upon, cum pulsantur, as a Cymbal, \. with a Pestil, ut Cymbalum, i. Pistillo, a little Bell, 2. Tintinnabulum, 2. with an Iron pellet within intus Globulo ferreo, ;

or Rattle, 3. by tossing it about:

Crepitaculum,

a Jews- Trump, 4. being put to the mouth, with the fingers; a Drum, 5. and a Kettle, 6.

with a Drum-stick, 7. as also the Dulcimer, 8. with the Shepherds-harp,

and the Tymbrel,

10.

circumversando Crembalum, ori

;

admotum,

Digito;

Tympanum,

& Ahenum,

ClaviculA, 7. ut & Sambuca, 9.

cum Organo pas to ritio, & Sistrum (Crotalum),

10.

Secundo, in quibus Chorda upon which strings are stretched, and struck upon, intenduntur & plectuntur as the Psaltery, 1 1. ut Nablium, 1 1. Secondly,

and the

cum

Virginals, 12.

Clavircordio, 12.

manu

with both hands;

utr&que

the Lute,

Testudo (Chelys),

(in

13.

which

the Belly, the Pegs,

the Neck,

14.

Strings,

17.

15, 1

quA Juguni, Magadium, 15. (in

by which the are stretched

upon the Bridge, 18.) the Cittern, 9. with the right hand only, \

;

Verticilli, 16.

quibus Nervi, intenduntur

17.

super Ponticulam,

Cythara,

Dextera tantum, Pandura, 20.

with a Bow, 21., and the Harp, 23.

with a Wheel within, is turned about:

quae versatur

the Stops,

Dimensiones, 22.

Plectro, 2

22.

in every one are touched with the left hand.

18.)

79.

the Vial, 20.

which

13.

14.

Zjvvr, 23.

intus rotd,

in singulis

tanguntur

sinistra.

Tandem

last,

those which are blown, as with the mouth, the Flute, 24.

quae inflantur, ut Ore,

the Shawm, 25. the Bag-pipe, 26.

Gingras, 25. Tibia utricularis, 26.

the Cornet, 27. the Trumpet, 28, 29. or with Bellows,

Lituus, 27.

as a pair of Organs,

Fistula (Tibia}, 24.

Tuba, 28. Buccina, 29. vel Follibus, ut 30.

Organum pneumaticum,

30.

OIL

Philosophy.

The

Naturalist, r. all the works of

vieweth

God

in the

World.

The Super naturalist,

Philosophia.

Physicus,

speculatur omnia Dei

Opera 2.

Mundo,

Metaphysicus,

searches out the Causes

perscrutatur Causas,

and

& rerum

Effects of things.

The

Effecta.

Arithmeticus

Arithmetician,

reckoneth numbers, computat nnmeros, addendo, subtrahendo, by adding, subtracting, multiplying and dividing; multiplicand, dividendo; and that either by Cyphers, idque vel Cyphris, 3. in Palimocesto, 3. on a Slate, or by Counters, upon a Desk.

vel Calculis, 4. super Abacuni.

Country people reckon, with figures of tens, X. and figures of five, V.

by twelves, fifteens, and three scores.

Rustici

nu me rant,

Decussibus, X.

Quincuncibus, V.

per Duodenas, Quindenas,

Sexagenas.

Geometry.

The

Celestial Sphere.

127 ;

CIV.

Sphera

caelestis.

Astronomy considereth the motion of the Stars,

Astronomia considerat motus Astrorum,

Astrology the Effects of them.

eorum

The is

Globe of Heaven turned about upon an

Axle-tree,

space of

the

in the

XXIV.

Globus Ctxli volvitur

super Axem,

about the Globe of Earth,

Astrologia Effectus.

circa globum terroz, 2.

hours.

The

spacio

XXIV. horarum.

Pole-stars, or Pole, the Arctick, 3. the Antarctick, 4.

Stella polares, Arcticus, 3. Antarcticus, 4.

conclude the Axle-tree at both ends. T\it Heaven is full of

finiunt

Stars every where. There are reckoned above a thousand fixed Stars ; but of Constellations towards the North, XXI. towards the South, XVI.

Stellatum undique. Stellarum fixarum numerantur plus mille ; Siderum vero

Axem

utrinque. Ccelum est

XXI. XVI.

Septentrionarium,

Meridionalium,

Add to these the XII. signs of the Zodiaque, 5.

XXX.

every one

Adde Zodiaci,

== # ?

Taurus,

XII.

XXX.

decrees, quodlibetgraduum,

whose names are T Aries 8

Signet, 5.

quorum nomina sunt T Aries, Taurus, n 6Vw.

Gemini,

Cancer, Q Z^<?, ""31 Virgo, Libra, ^l Scorpius,

23 t

Sagittarius, V3 Capricor,

Aquarius, X Pisces. Under this move the

Cancer; Q Libra,

Z^<?,

"HJi

Virgo,

Scorpius,

Sagittarius, V3 Capricorn,

Aquarius, X Pisces. Sub hoc cursitant

seven Wandr ing-stars

Stelhe err antes VII.

which they whose way

quas vocant Planetas, quorum via est Circulvs

call Planets, is

a circle in

the middle of the Zodiack, in medio Zodiaci, called the Ecliptick, 6. diet us Ecliptic a, 6.

Other Circles are

Alii Circuli sunt

the Horizon, 7. the Meridian, 8.

Horizon,

the ^Equator, 9. the two Colures, the

Equator,

one of the

(of the Spring the entreth into T;

Autumnal it

entreth in

the other of the (of the

duo Coluri, alter sEquinoxiorum, 10.

Equinocts, 10.

when

Meridianus,

(

Verni,

quando

ingreditur T; Autumnalis,

quando ingreditur

^=)

Solstices,

r i

alter Solsticiorum,

Summer,

when the entreth into of the Winter

quando

when

quando ingreditur duo Tropici,

entreth into

\3)

the Tropicks, the Tropick of Cancer, \ 2. the Tropick of Capricorn, 13. Circles,

ingreditur

Hyberni)

Tr. Cancri, 12. Tr. Capricorni,

13.

& duo

and the two Polar

=^)

1 1

Polares, 14 .... 15.

V3)

( I2 9 )

CIV.

The Aspects of

the Planets.

Planetarum Aspectus. Luna

The Moon

runneth through the Zodi- percurrit Zodiacum ack every Month.

The

singulis Mensibus.

in a Year.

Sun,

Mercury, $ and Venus, ? about the Sun, the one in a hundred and fifteen, the other in 585 days.

Mars,

Jupiter, in

Sol,

Anno.

Venus, $

circa Solem, ilia

cxv., hxc DLXXXV. Diebus.

two years;

Mars,

Biennio

Jupiter, U fere duodecim

;

almost twelve;

;

Saturnus, ^ triginta annis.

Saturn, ^ in thirty years.

Hereupon they meet riously among

Mercurius,

va-

Hinc conveniunt

themselves, inter se

and have mutual Aspects & se mutuo one towards another. adspiciunt. K

varie

As here

the

and

are

hie sunt,

in Conjunction. in Conjunction, and Moon in Opposition, and Luna in Oppositionc, and ^ in a Trine Aspect, & ^ in Trigono,

and y and $

& y & 3

in a Quartile, in a Sextile.

CV. The Apparitions of

in Quadratura, in Sextili.

the

Moon.

Phases Lunae.

The Moon shineth

Luna, lucet

not by her own Light but that which is borrowed of the Sun.

non sua propria sed mutual^

For the one half of

a Sole. it

always enlightned, the other remaineth darkish.

Hereupon we

see

Luce,

Nam

altera ejus medie-

tas

semper illuminatur, manet caliginosa. Hinc videmus,

altera

Conjunction with the Sun,i. in Conjunctione Solis, \. to be obscure, almost none ubscuram, imo nullam at all

;

in Opposition,

(and we call it the Full Moon /)

& lucidam, (& vocamus Plenilunium ;)

sometimes

alias

whole and

(and

and

totam

clear,

in the half,

we call

Otherwise it waxeth, 2. 8. or waneth, 6. .

and is said to be horned, or more than half round.

The

dimidiam,

the Prime, 3. (& dicimus Primam, last Quarter, 7.) & ultimam Quadrant, it

Eclipses.

Caeteroqui crescit, 2. aut decrescit, 6 .... 8.

the fountain of light, inlightning all things, but the Earth, i. and the Moon, 2. being shady bodies, are not pierced with its rays, for they cast a shadow upon

vocatur falcata, vel gibbosa.

CVI.

Eclipses.

Sol est fons Lucis,

illuminans omnia; sed Terra, i. & Luna, 2. Corpora opaca, non penetrantur ejus radiis,

nam

the place just over against in

jaciunt

umbram

locum oppositum.

them. Therefore, the Moon lighteth

when

The Sun is

7.)

Ideo

cum Lunaincidit

umbram

into the shadow of the Earth, 2. it is darkened,

which we

quod vocamus

call

Eclipse,

Terra,

obscuratur Eclipsin

(deliquium) Luna. But when \.\\eMoon runCum vero Luna currit inter Solem neth betwixt the Sun and the Earth, 3. & Terrain, 3. it covereth it with its obtegit ilium umbra sua; or defect.

shadow; and

we call

this

& hoc vocamus

the Eclipse of the Sun, Eclipsin Solis, because it taketh from us quia adimit nobis the sight of the Sun, prospectum Solis, and its light & lucem ejus neither doth the Sun for nee tamen Sol ;

;

all that suffer

any thing,

but the Earth.

patitur aliquid, sed Terra.

CVII. a

The

terrestial Sphere.

Sphera

The Earth

terrestris.

Terra est rotunda, round, and therefore to be represented fingenda igitur is

by two Hemispheres,

The

Circuit of

duobus Hemisphcriis,*.. Ambitus ejus

graduum CCCLX. (quorum quisque facit LX. Milliaria Anglica

is 360 degrees (whereof every one maketh 60 English Miles or 21600 Miles,) and yet it is but a prick, compared with the World,

est

whereof

cujus Centrum

it is

the Centrr.

They measure Longi-

vel 21600 Milliarium)

& tamen est punctum, collata cum orbe, est.

JLongitudinem ejus dimetiuntur Climatibus,

i. tude of it by Climates, \. and the Latitude Latitudinem, lineis Parallelis, 2. by Parallels, 2. The Ocean, 3. compasseth Oceanus, 3. ambit earn it about, and five Seas wash & Maria V. perfundunt it, the Mediterranean Sea, 4. the Baltick Sea, 5. the Red Sea, 6. the Persian Sea, 7. and the Caspian Sea, 8.

Mediterraneum, Baltic inn,

Persic urn,

Caspium,

CVII.

The

II.

terrestris.

divided into V. Zones,

whereof the

terrestial Sphere.

Sphera It is

ErythrcEum^

Distribtiitur in Zonas V.,

frigid ones, qua rum

are uninhabitable the .

sunt inhabitabiles; Temperate ones, 10 duae Temperate, IO....IG* and the Torrid one, & Torrida, u. ;

II.

10.

ii.

134;

habitantur.

habitable.

Besides

Ceterum

divided

it is

into three Continents; this of ours, 12. which

divisa est

in tres Continences ;

is nostram, 12. quse subdisubdivided into Europe,i$. viditur in Europam, 13. Asiam, 14. & Africam, 15. Asia, 14. Africa, 15. in Americam, 16 .... 16. 16. America, 16. (Wliuse Inhabitants are (cujus incolae sunt Antipodes nobis;) \__ Antipodes to us;) ""and the South Land, 1 7 7. & in Terram Australem, 17 17. adhuc incognitam. yet unknown. sub Arcto, Habitantes under that dwell the They North pole, 1 8. have the days 18. habent Dies .

and nights

months long. Noctes semestrales,

Infinite Islands float in the Seas.

Europe.

The

Infinitae Insulce.

natant in maribus.

CVIII.

chief Kingdoms of

Europe, are

Europa.

In Europd nostra

sunt Regna primaria,

Spain,

Hispania,

France,

Gallia,

Italia, 3.

Italy, 3.

England,

Scotland,

Anglia (Britania), Scotia, 5.

Ireland, 6.

Hibernia,

Germany,

Germania,

Bohemia,

Hungary,

Hungaria,

8. 9.

Croatia, 10.

Dacia,

1 1

Sclavonia, 12.

Greece, 13.

Grcecia,

Thrace, 14.

Thracia, 14.

Podolia, 15.

Podolia, \ 5 Tar tar ia, 16. .

16.

Tartary,

Lituania, 17.

Poland,

The

Lituania, 17. Polonia, 18.

Netherlands, 19.

Denmark, 20. Norway, 21.

Belgium, 19. Dania, 20. Norvegia,

Swethland, 22.

Suecia, 22.

Lapland, 23. Finland, 24.

Lappia, 23.

Lisland, 25.

Livonia, 25.

Prussia, 26.

Borussia, 26.

Muscovy,

Finnia, 24.

Muscovia, 27,

27.

and Russia,

28.

Russia, 28.

Moral Philosophy.

CIX.

Ethica.

This Life is a way, or a place divided into two

Vita haec est via, sive Bivium,

ways, like

simile

Pythagoras 's Letter Y. broad, i. on the left hand track;

latum,

narrow, 2. on the right; that belongs to Vice, 3. this to Vertue, 4.

Litterae Pithagoricce Y. i.

sinistro tramite

angustum,

dextro;

ille Vitii, 3. est

hie Virtutis,

imitate Hercules:

Adverte juvenis, imitare Herculem;

leave the left hand way, turn from Vice

linque sinistram, aversare Vitium

the Entrance, but the End,

Aditus speciosus, sed Exitus, 7.

Mind, Young Man,

;

6. is fair, 7.

ugly and steep down. the right hand, it be thorny, 8. though no way is unpassible to vertue; follow whither

turpis

vertue leadeth

ducit virtus

Go on

;

praeceps.

Dextera ingredere, utut spinosa, 8. nulla via invia virtuti

;

sequere qua vid

r 137

through narrow places to stately palaces, to the Tower of honour,

Keep

per angusta, ad augusta, 9.

ad Arc em honoris,

streight/tf/ //, and thou shalt go very safe.

and

rectum tramitem;

ibis tutissimus.

Take heed thou do not go too much on the hand, 10. Bridle

in, 12.

right

the wild

of Affection, lest

Horse, thou fall down headlong. See thou dost not go amiss on the left hand, 13. in an ass-like sluggishness, 14. but go onwards constantly, persevere to the end, and thou shalt be crown'd, 15. 1 1

Prudence,

Cave excedas ad dextram, 10.

Compesce freno, 12. equum ferocem, n. Affectus ne praeceps

deficias ad sinistram, 13. segnitie asinina, 14.

sed progredere constanter

pertende ad finem, & coronaberis,

15.

Prudentia.

Prudentia,

all

things

fias.

Cave

CX.

Prudence.

looketh upon

Tene medium &

the middle

circumspectat omnia

as a Serpent,

138;

and doeth, speaketh, or thinketh nothing in vain. She looks backwards, 3.

ut Serpens, 2. agitque, loquitur, aut cogitat nihil incassum. Respicit, 3.

as into a Looking-glass, 4. tanquam in Speculum, to things past ; ad prxterita ; and seeth before her, 5. &. prospicit, 5. as with a Perspective-glass, tanquam Telescopio, 7. 7.

things to come,

or the

.W,

Futnra, sen Fincm, 6. atque ita perspicit

and so she perceiveth what she hath done, and quid egerit, what remaineth to be done. & quid restet agendum. She proposeth Actionibus suis an Honest, Profitable and praefigit Scopum, withal, if it may be done, a Pleasant End, to her Actions.

Having foreseen the End, she looketh out Means, as a Way,

which leadeth

to the

Honestum, Utilem, simulque, si fieri potest r

Jucundum. Fine prospecto, dispicit Media,

ceu Viam, 8. End; quae ducit ad finem,

but such as are certain sed certa & facilia easie, and fewer pauciora potiiis rather than more, lest quam plura, ne quid impediat. anything should hinder. She watcheth OpportuniAttend it Occasioni, ;

and

ty, 9.

(which having

a bushy fore- head,

10.

and being bald-pated, n. and moreover having wings,

(quae Fronte Capillata, sed vertice calva,

10. \

adhaec alata,

12.

doth quickly slip away,)

facile elabitur)

and catcheth it. She goeth on her way

eamque

captat. In viitpergit caut

warily, for fear she should vide) ne impingat stumble or go amiss. aut aberret.

(pro-

Sedulitas.

Diligence.

i. loveth avoideth bours, Sloth,

la-

Diligence,

always

a mat labores,

fugit Ignaviam,

work,

like the Pismire,

Sedulitas,

semper

est in opere,

ut Formica,

and carrieth together, as

she doth, for herself,

sibi,

Store of all things,

omnium rerum Non semper

She doth not always sleep, or make holidays, as the Sluggard, 4. and the Grashopper, 5. do,

whom

Want,

comportat, ut

ilia,

Copiam,

dormit, ferias agit, aut ut Ignavus,

Cicada,

quos Inopia, 6. tandem premit.

at the last overtaketh.

Shepursueth what things

Urget

shehath undertaken chear- incepta alacriter ad finem usque fully, even to the end ;

;

she putteth nothing off till procrastinat nihil, the morrow, nor doth she nee cantat cantilenam Corvi, sing the Crow's song, 7. which saith over and over, qui ingeminat

(

Cras, Cras. After labours undergone,

Cras, Cras, Post labor-es

and ended, being even wearied,

exantlatos,

lassata,

she resteth her self; quiescit; but being refreshed with sed recreata Qinete, Rest, that she may not use ne adsuescat her self \.Q Idleness, she fall- Otio, red it eth again to her Business, A diligent Scholar is

like Bees,

similis est Apibus,

which carry honey from divers Flowers,

ex variis Floribus, 9. in Alveare suum, 10.

CXII.

Temperance.

as with a Bridle,

Temperantia.

Temperantia,

modinn

prescribeth a mean to meat and drink, 2.

and restraineth the

qui congerunt mel

into their Hive, 10.

Temperance,

ad Negotia. Diligens Discipulus,

prsescribit Cibo & Potui, desire,

& con ti net

cupidinem,

ceu Frcno,

and so moderateth

all

any thing too be done.

things, lest

much

made

drunk,

they stumble, they spite, 6.

and

inebriantur, 4.

titubant, 5.

ructant (vomunt),

babble, 7.

From

moderatur omnia

Heluones (ganeones)

Revellers

are

sic

ne quid nimis fiat.

Drunkenness

proceeded! Lasciviousness from this a lewd Life

amongst Whoremasters, and Whores, 9.

;

Crapitla

oritur Lascivia

ex hac Vita

;

libidinosa

inter Fornicatores,

rixantitr, 7.

Scoria, g.

in kissing,

osculando (basiando),

touching,

palpando,

embracing,

amplexando,

and

dancing, 10.

Fortitude.

Fortitude, is

tripudiando, 10.

CXIII.

undaunted

Fortitude.

Fortitudo, in adversity,

impavida

est in adversis,

as a Lion, 2. but & confidens ut Leo, 2. at not haughty in Prosperity, non tumida in Secundis, leaning on her own Pillar, innixa suo Columini, 3.

and bold

3. Constancy,

and be-

Constantice ;

ing the same in all things, eadem in omnibus, ready to undergo both es- parata ad ferendam utramtates with an even mind. que fortunam aequo animo. She receiveth the strokes Excipit ictus of Misfortune Infortunii with the Shield, 4. Clypeo, 4. of Sufferance : and keepeth off the Passions,

the enemies of quietness with the Sword, 5. of Valour.

propel

lit

Affectus,

hostes Euthymiae gladio,

Virtutis,

CXIV.

Patience.

Patience,

endureth

Tolerantia

Calamities,

Patientia, 2.

Patientia.

tolerat Calamitates, 2.

and Wrongs, like a

Lamb,

143;

meekly

Injurias,

ut Agnus,

humiliter

as the Fatherly chastise-

tanquam paternam

ment of God, 5 In the meanwhile she leaneth upon the Anchor

ula

of Hope, 6. (as a Ship, 7. tossed by waves in the Sea) she pray cth to God, 8. weeping, and expecteth the Sun, 10.

Anchors,

Dei,

fer-

Interim innititur Spei 6.

(ut Navis,

fluctuans mari)

Deo

supplicat, 8.

illacrymando, & expectat Phoebum,

10.

after cloudy weather,

9. post Nubila, 9. ferens mala, suffering evils, and hoping better things. sperans meliora. On the contrary, Contra,

the impatient person, u.

Impatiens,

waileth, lamenteth,

plorat, lamentatur,

rageth against himself,

grumbleth like a Dog, 13. and yet doth no good; at the last

he despaireth,

and becometh Murtherer,

Being sireth to

his

own

14.

full

of rage he de-

1 1

debacchatur, 12. in seipsum,

obmurmurat

& tamen

ut Canis, 13.

nil proficit;

tandem desperat,

fit

Autochir,

14.

Furibundus cupit

revenge wrongs. vindicare injurias.

Humanitas.

Humanity.

Men

made

Homines facti sunt ad mutua commoda ; therefore let them behind. ergo sint humani. Sis suavis & amabilis Be thou sweet and lovely in thy Countenance, \. Vultu, i. for

are

one another's good ;

gentle and civil in thy Behaviour and

comis & urbanus

Man-

Gestu ac

Moribus,

affabilis

ners, 2.

affable

and true spoken

with thy Month, affectionate in

Ore,

and candid

thy Heart,

candens & candidus Corde,

verax,

So love, Sic ama, and so shalt thou be loved; sic amaberis and there will be & fiat a mutual friendship, 5. mutua Amidtia, ;

as that of Turtle-doves,

"6.

ceu Turin ruin,

concors, mansueta, hearty, gentle, and wishing well on both parts. & benevola utrinque. Froward Men are Morosi homines, sunt hateful, teasty, unpleasant.

odiosi, torvi, illepidi.

145

contentious, angry,

contentiosi, iracundi,

cruel, 8.

cru'deles,

and implacable,

ac implacabiles,

(rather Wolves and Lions, (magis Lupi & Leones, than Men) qrnim homines) and such as fall out among & inter se discordes,

hinc

themselves, hereupon they fight in a Duel, 9. Envy, io,

pineth away her

male cupiendo

aliis,

CXVI.

Justice,

conficit seipsam.

self.

Justice.

Invidia,

to others,

ill

wishing

confligunt Duelle,

Justitia,

Justitia.

pingitur, sedens

painted, sitting

on a square stone, ^. for she in lapide quadrato, ^. nam ought to be immoveable; decet esse immobilis; with hood-winked eyes, 3. that she may not respect

persons

;

stopping the left ear,

obvelatis oculis, 3.

ad non respiciendum personas; claudens aurem sinistram,

r 146 to be reserved for the other party

Holding

reservandam alteri parti

;

Hand

a Sword, 5. a Bridle, 6.

and

to punish

and restrain

evil

;

Tenens dextrd

in her right

ladium,

Frcenum, 6. ad puniendum

men

& coercendum malos;

;

Praeterea,

Besides,

a pair of Balances, in the right Scale, of Deserts,

Stater am,

where-

ujus dextrce Land, Merita,

and in the left, 9. Sinistra, 9. Pramia imposita, Rewards being put, sibi invicem exequantur, are made even one with Men another, and so good atque ita boni incitantur are incited to virtue, as

were with Spurs, 10. In Bargains, n.

Men

let

candid^ agatur

deal candidly,

them stand to their Covenants and Promises ; which

10.

In Contractibus, n. :

stetur

let

let that

ad virtutem, ceu Calcaribus,

Pactis

given one

Promissis;

Depositum,

to keep,

and

that which

be restored let

& Mutuum,

is lent,

reddantur

no man be pillaged,

12.

nemo

expiletur, 12.

hurt, 13.

let

every one have his own: suum cuique tribuatur

aut Icedatur,

13.

these are the precepts of

hasc sunt praecepta

Justice.

Justitiae.

Such things

as these are

forbidden in God's jth.

^th.

Talio prohibentur, and quinto & septimo Dei

Cammandment, and

Pracepto,

deservedly punish'd on the merito puniuntur Gallows and the Wheel, 4. Cruce ac Rotd, 14. \

(

H?;

CXVII.

Liberality.

^$^^

Liberalitas.

-*Njra

^Sii

fcJ&g&gL,

uv;js*^s

1/7

Liberality,

Liberalitas,

keepeth a mean about Riches,

which she honestly

seeketh, that she

may have

servat

modum

Divitias,

circa

quas honestd

quaerit ut habeat

somewhat to bestow on quod largiatur them that want, 2. Egenis, 2. She doatheth, 3. Hos vestit, 3. nourisheth, 4. enricheth,

and

nutrit, 4. 5.

these with a chearful coun-

ditat, 5.

Vultu hilari,

tenance, 6.

and a winged hand, 7. She submitteth her wealth,

to her self, not it, as the covet-

her self to

& Manu

alatd, 7.

Subjicit opes, 8. sibi,

non

ut Avarus, 9. .ous man, 9. doth, who hath, qui habet, that he may have, and is ut habeat, & illis,

non est Possessor not the Owner, but the Keeper of his goods, sed Gustos bonorum suorand being unsatiable, um, & insatiabilis, always

scrapeth together, 10.

with his Nails.

semper cor radit, Unguibus suis.

10.

Moreover he spareth and keepeth,

adservat,

occludend-O)

hoarding up,

1 1

that he

always have.

may

Sed & parcit

But the Prodigal,

12.

1 1

semper habeat. At Prodigus, 2. male disperdit

badly spendeth things well gotten, and at the last wanteth.

bene parta, ac tandem eget.

CXVIII. Society betwixt

Man and

Wife.

Societas Conjugalis.

Matrimonium

Marriage

was appointed by God in Paradise, for help,

mutual

and the Propagation

of mankind.

A young man (a single being to be married, should be furnished either with Wealth, or a Trade and Science,

institutum est a in Paradise,

adjutorium,

Deo

mutuum

& propagationem

generis humani. Vir Juvenis (Calebs)

conjugium instructus

initurus, sit

aut Op ibus, aut A /-/(?& Scientid,

( '49 )

which may serve

quae

for getting a living; that he may be able to maintain a Family.'

de pane lucrando

sit ;

ut possit

sustentare Familiam.

Deinde

Then he chooseth himself

eligit sibi

a Maid t ha t i s Marriageable, Virginem Nubilem, (aut Viditani) (or a Widow} whom he loveth never- quam adamat; ubi tamen major ratio theless a greater Regard habenda Virtutis is to be had of Virtue, ;

and

Honesty,

Honestatis,

than of Beauty or Portion. qudm Forma aut Dotis. Posthaec, non clam desAfterwards, he doth not betroth her to himself pondet sibi earn, sed ambit, closely, but entreateth roc us, ut for her as a Woer,

the Father, i. and then the Mother, or the Guardians, or Kinsfolks, by such

apud Pairem,

first to

as help

When

make she

& Matrem,

the match,

vel

& 3.

him,he becometh the-Z?rz'd?-

apud Tutores,

Cognatos, per

Pronubos,

espous'd to fit

sibi

desponsd,

Sponsus, 4.

and she the Bride, & ipsa Sponsa, 5. 5. and the Contract^ made, fiuntque Sponsalia, and an Instrument of Dow- & scribitur Instrumentum Dotale, 6. ry, 6. is written. Tandem At the last fiunt Nuptia the Wedding is made, where they are joined to- ubi copulantur a Sacerdote, 7. gether by the Priest, j. giving their Hands, 8. one datis Manibus, 8. ultro ci-

groom,

to another,

and

Wedding-rings,

then they feast with the witnesses that are invited. After this they are called Husba nd a n d Wife; when she is dead he becometh a Widower.

troque, Annulis Nuptialibus,

turn epulantur cum invitatis testibus.

Abhinc dicuntur Maritus & Uxor; hdc mortud ille fit Vidiius.

-5;

CXIX. The Tree

of Consanguinity,

Arbor Consanguimtatis. Hominem,

In Consanguinity there touch a Man, in Lineal Ascent, the Father

(the Father-in-law),

in Linea ascendenti,

Pater 2.

(Vitricus),

& Mater

and the Mother (the Mothcr-in-Iaui],

(JVoverca),

the Grandfather, 4. and the Grandmother,

Avus, 5.

& y4w,

the Great Grandfather, 6. Proavus, 6. and the Great Grandmother, & Proavia, 7. the great great Grandfather, 8. the great great Grandmother, 9. the great great Grand-

Abavus,

Abavia,

Atavus, 10.

father's Father, 10.

the great great Grandmother's Mother, 1 1 .

Consanguinitate attingunt.

Atavia,

1 1

he great great Grand-

Tritavus,

father's Grandfather, iz.

the great great Grand& Tr itaria, 13. mother's Grandmother, 13. Those beyond these are Ulteriores dicuntur called Ancestors, 14. .. 14. Majorrs, 14. 14. In a Lineal descent, In Linea descendenti, the Son (the son-in-law) 15. Filius (Privignus), 15. and the Daughter, (the & Filia (Privigna), 16. .

Daughter- in- law}, the Nephew, 17.

Nepos,

and the Neece, 8. the Nephews Son, 19. and the Nephews Daughter, 20. the Nephews Nephew, 21. and the Neeces Neece, 22. the Nephews Nephews \

17.

Neptis, 18.

Proncpos, 9. & Proneptis, 26. Ah n epos, 2 \

i .

Abneptis, 22.

Son, 23.

Atnepos, 23.

the Neeces Neeces

Atneptis, 24.

Daughter, 24. the Nephews Nephews Ne- Trinepos, 25. & Trineptis, 26. phew, 25. the Neeces Neeces Neece, 26. Ulteriores dicuntur Those beyond these are Posteri, 27 .... 27. railed Posterity, 27.

27.

In a Collateral Line are the Uncle by the Fathers

In Linea Collaterali sunt Patruus, 28.

side, 28.

and the Aunt

by the Fathers

Aniita, 29.

side, 29.

the Uncle by the Mothers

Avunculus, 30.

side, 30.

and the Aunt thers side, 3

by the

Mo-

the Brother, 32.

and the

Sister, 33.

the Brothers Son, 34. the Sisters Son, 35. and the Cousin by the Brother

and

Matcrtera, 3

Sister, 36.

Frater, 32. A?r0r, 33.

Patruelis, 34. Sobrinus, 35.

Amitinus, 36.

152;

cxx. The Society betwixt Parents and Children.

tta

Societas Parentalis.

Married Persons, (by the blessing of God)

Conjuges, (ex benedictione Dei) sus-

have

cipiunt Sobolem (Prolem)

Issue,

and become Parents.

The

Father, i. begetteth and the Mother, 2. beareth Sons,

and Daughters,

(sometimes Twins). is

The Infant, wrapped in

fiunt Parentes.

Pater,

Mater,

Filios, 3.

general

parit Filias, 4.

(aliquando Gemellos). Infans,

involvitur

Swadling-cloathes, 6. in a Cradle, 7.

Fasciis, 6.

is laid

reponitur in Cunas,

suckled by the Mother with her Breasts, 8. and fed with Pap, 9. Afterwards it learneth

lactatur a matre

go by a

Standing-stool, i o.

Ube rib us, &

nutritur Pappis,

Deinde

discit

incedere Seperasto,

10.

153;

playeth with Rattles, and beginneth to speak.

ludit Crepundiis,

incipit

fari.

Crescente beginneth to grow adsuescit to is accustomed it older, it

aetate,

Pietati, 12.

Piety, 12.

and Labour, 13. and is chastised,

& &

14.

be not dutiful. Children owe to Parents

Labori, 13.

castigatur, 14.

non sit morigerus. Zz&v/debent Parentibus

if it

Reverence and Service.

Cultum & Officium.

The Father maintaineth his .by

Children

taking pains,

Pater sustentat Liberos, laborando, 15.

15.

CXXI. The Society betwixt Masters and

Servants.

Societas herilis.

The Master {the goodman of J.

Herus the House"),

hath Men-servants,

(Pater familias]

habet Famulos (Servos],

154;

Hera

the Mistress

wife of the House), (Mater familias) 3 Ancillas, 4. Maidens, 4. Illi mandant his They appoint these their

(the good 3.

Work,

Opera,

and divide them their

tasks,

distribuunt

Laborum Pensa, 5. qua which done by ab his fideliter sunt exse-

are faithfully to be

them without murmuring and loss: for which their Wages, and J^feat and Drink is allowed them. A Servant was heretofore

quenda sine murmure &dispendio; pro quo Merces

& Alimonia

praebentur ipsis. Servus olim erat

a Slave, cipium, in quern over whom the Master had potestas fuit

power of life and death. At this day the poorer sort serve in a free man-

vitae

ManDomino

necis

Hodie pauperiores

serviunt libere, ner,being hired for Wages. conduct! mercede.

CXXII.

Of many Houses is

made

a Village,

fit

Urbs.

Ex multis Domibus Pag us, i.

vel Oppidum, vel /rfo, 2. or a Town, or a City, 2. That and this are fenced Istud & haec muniuntur and begirt with a Wall, 3. & cinguntur Mcenibus a Trench, 4. (Muro'), 3. WA?, 4. Bulwarks, 5. Aggeribus, 5. and Pallisadoes, 6. & Fa///>, 6. Intra muros est Within the Walls is

the void Place, 7. without, the Ditch,

Pomcerium, 8.

In the Walls are Fortresses,

Propugnacula,

and Towers,

extra, Fossa, 8. In moenibus sunt

10.

Watch- Towers, n. are

Specula,

10.

Turres,

ex-

tant in editioribus locis. upon the higher places. The entrance into a City Ingressus in Urbem fit is made out of the Suburbs, ex Suburbio, 2. 1

12.

through

Gates,

over the Bridge, The Gate hath a Portcullis, 15. a Draw-bridge,

Gardens,

per Portam, 13. super Pontem, 14. Porta habet Cataractas,

Pontem

16.

two-leaved Doors, 1 7 Locks and Bolts, as also Barrs, 18.

In the

13.

14.

Valvas,

Suburbs are

F?<r/^,

Repagula, 1

In Suburbiis sunt Horti, 19.

19.

and Garden-houses,

Claustra ut

versatilem, 16.

20.

also Burying-places, 21.

and & Suburbana, ut

20.

Cxmeteria, 21.

'56;

(

CXXIII. The inward parts of

a City.

Interiora Urbis.

Within the City are

Intra

paved with Stones; (in

Fora,

Market-places,

urbem sunt

Platece (Vici), i. stratae Lapidibus;

Streets, i.

some places with

(alicubi

cum

Galleries'], 3.

Porticibiis), 3.

and narrow Lanes, 4, The Publick Buildings

are in the middle of the City, the Church, 5.

sunt in medio Urbis,

the School, 6. the Guild- Hall,

Schola, 6.

Angiportus,

Publica

Tempiurn, Curia,

aedificia

-j.

Downs Mercatura, 8. the -Exchange, 8. About the Walls and the Circa Mrenia, & Portas Gates are the Magazine, the Granary,

10.

Armamentarium, Granarium, 10.

Inns, Ale-houses,

Diversoria, Popince,

Cooks-shops, ii.

Cauponce,

1 1

the Play-house,

and the

Theatruin, 12.

Nosodochium,

Spittle, 13.

In the by-places are Houses of Office,

and the Prison, is

157;

Watchmans Dwelling,

17.

In the Streets are Wells, 18.

Custodia (Career), In turre primaria

15.

est Horologium, 16.

habitatio Vigilum, 17. In Plateis sunt Puteiy

18.

The

River, 19. or Beck, runneth about the City, serveth to wash away the

Fluvius, 19. vel Rivus, interfluens Urbem, inservit eluendis sordibus.

filth.

20.

Arx,

standeth in the highest part of the City.

Judgment.

Foricce (Cloacae), 14.

14.

15.

In the chief Steeple the Clock, 16. and the

The Tower,

In recessibus,

20.

extat in Urbis.

CXXIV.

summo Judicium.

The best Law, is Optimum Jus, est a quiet agreement, placida conventio, made either by themselves, facta vel ab ipsis,

158;

betwixt whom the sute is, inter quos lis est or by an Umpire. vel ab Arbitro. If this do not proceed, Haec si non procedit, they

come

into Court,

(heretofore they judg'd in the Market-place at this day in the Moot-hall} ;

which the Judge,

venitur in Forum,

(olim judicabant Foro, hodie in Prcetorw) in

cui

Judex

sitteth with his Assessors,-^. praesidet

the Clerk,

taketh

their Votes in writing.

The

Plaintiff, 5.

(Praetor),

cum

Dicographus,

Assessoribus, 4.

excipit

Vota calamo. Actor,

accuseth the Defendant, 6. accusat Reum, 6. and produceth Witnesses,']. & producit Testes, 7. contra ilium. against him. Reus excusat The Defendant excuseth himself by a Counsellor, 8. se per Advoeatum, 8. whom the Plaintiffs Coun- cui Actoris Procurator, sellor, 9.

Then

contradicts.

the

contradicit.

Turn Judex

Judge pronounceth Sentence,

Sententiarn pronunciat,

acquitting the innocent,

absolvens insontem,

and condemning him that is guilty,

sontem

to a Punishment, or a Fine,

or Torment.

& damnans ad Pcenam, vel Mulctam, vel ad Supplicium.

f '59,1

cxxv. The Tormenting

of Malefactors.

Supplicia Malefactorum. i.

Malefactors, are brought

Malefic i,

producuntur, e Carcere, 3.

from the Prison, 3. (where they are wont to be (ubi torqueri solent) tortured) by Serjeants, 2. per Lie tores, 2. or dragged with a Horse, 5. vel Equo raptantur, 15. \

ad locum

to place of Execution.

Fures,

Thieves, 4.

are hanged by the Hangman, 6. on a Gallows, 5.

Whoremasters are beheaded, Murtherers

upon

suspenduntur a

Carnifice,^.

in Patibulo, 5.

Mcechi decollantur, 7. Homicides (Sicarii)

and Robbers are either laid

Supplicii.

ac Latrones (Piratae) a Wheel,

vel

imponuntur Rota

having their Legs broken, crucifragio plexi, 8. or fastened upon a Stake, 9. vel Palo infiguntur, Witches

Striges (Lamiae)

are burnt in a great

cremantur super

Fire, 10.

Rogum,

Some

before they are executed have their Ton-

10.

Quidam antequam supplicio

afficiantur clinguantur, n. gues cut out, 1 1 aut plectuntur Manu, 12. or have their Hand, 12. cut off upon a Bio ck, 1 3. or super Cippum, 13. are burnt with Pincers, 14. aut Forcipibus, 14. uruntur .

They

that have their

Vita donati,

Life given them, are set on the Pillory,

16. constringuntur Numellis, or strapado'd, 17. are 16. luxantur, 17. set upon a wooden Horse, \ 8. imponuntur Equuleo, 18. have their Ears cut off, 19. truncantur Auribus, 9, \

are whipped with Rods, 20. are branded, are banished, are condemned to the

Stigmate notantur, relegantur,

damnantur

Gallies, or to

perpetual Imprisonment.

Tray tors are pull'd

cceduntur Virgis, 20.

pieces with four Horses.

ad Triremes^ vel ad Carcerem perpetuum. Perduelles discerpuntur Quadrigis.

(

161 ;

CXXVI.

Merchandizing.

Mercatura,

Wares brought from other places aliunde allatae, aliunde vel commutantur are either exchanged in Domo Commerciorum, in an Exchange, \. vel exponuntur venum or exposed to sale in Warehouses,

n Tabernis Mcrcimonioru m,

& venduntur

and they are sold

for Money, 3. being either

measured

pro Pecunid (moneta), vel mensuratae

with an Eln,

Ulna,

or weighed

Shop-keepers,

Pedlars,

would

The

Libra,

Tabernarii.

Circumforanei, 8.

also be called 9.

Seller

braggeth of a thing that is to be sold,

and Brokers, Merchants,

vel ponderatae

in a pair of Balances,

Scrutarii,

etiam volunt dici Mercatores,

Venditor

ostentat

rem

promercalem,

162;

and setteth the and how much it

rate of

it,

indicat pretium,*

quanti

may be sold for. The Buyer, 10. cheap neth

liceat.

Emptor,

10. licetur,

and offereth the price. If any one

& pretium

bid against him, n. the thing is delivered to him that promiseth the most.

contralicetur,

offert.

Si quis ei

res addicitur

qui pollicetur plurimum.

CXXVII. Measures and Weights.

Mensurae

Res continuas metimur

measure things that

hang together with an Eln, Ulnd,

liquid things with a Gallon, 2.

liquidas

and dry things by a two-bushel Measure,

aridas

Congio,

try the heaviness of

things by Weights,

and Balances, In this

is first

& Pondera.

Medimno, 3. Gravitatem rerum experi mur Ponderibus,

Librd (bilance), 5. In hdc primd est

the Beam, in the midst whereof 6.

(Scapus), a

above

little Axle-tree, 7.

the cheeks and the

Axiculus, trutina

hole, 8.

which the Needle, 9. moveth it self to and fro on both sides

are the Scales, 10.

hanging by

The

little

Cords,

Brasters balance,

cujus medio

superiiis

agina,

qu& Examen,

sese agitat

utrinque sunt Lances,

10.

n. pendentes

Funiculis,

12.

Statera,

weigheth things by hang- ponderat res,suspendendo illas Unco, 13. ing them on a Hook, 13.

and the Weight, 14. opposite to them which

in (a)

much

rei,

weigheth just as as the thing, (b) twice so much J"J in ( c) thrice so much, &c.

Patient,

sendeth for a Physician,

aequiponderat

in (b) bis tantum, in (c) ter, &c.

CXXVIII.

Physick

The

Pondus, 14. ex opposite, quod

Ars Medica.

^Egrotans, i. accersit Medicum,

who

feeleth his Pulse,

qui tangit ipsius Arteriam y

and looketh upon his Wa- 3. & inspicit Urinam, ter, 4. and then prescribeth turn praescribit -/J/>^a Receipt in a Bill,

That

icamentum in Schedula, Istud paratur

made ready

by an Apothecary,

in a Apothecaries Shop,

are kept in Drawers, Boxes,

15.

and Prayer, Chirurgeon,

cureth Wounds,

17.

est 18.

19,

12.

15.

Oratio, 16.

optima Medicina.

Chirurgus, 18. curat Vulnera, 17.

Ulcers,

with Plasters,

Diceta

16.

the best Physick.

and

vel Ptllulcc, 13. vel Pastilli, 14, vel Electuarium,

Pills, 13.

The

in Capsulis, 8.

Estque

or Trochisks, 14. or an Electuary, ,5s

Lagenis, 10.

vel Potio, 1 vel Pulvis,

Z>/>/

adservantur

it is

either a Potion, or Powder, 2.

in Pharmacopolio,

Pyxidibus,

Gally-pots, 10.

And

ubi Pharmaca

where Drugs

and

Pharmacoptzo,

Z/Awvz,

Spleniis (emplastris), 19.

CXXIX.

Burial.

*Dead Folks heretofore were burned,

and

Sepultura.

Defuncti |olim cremabantur,

Ashes

enclose our dead Folks

Cineres recondebantur in Urna, Nos includimus nostros Demortuos

in a Coffin,

Loculo, (Capuld),

their

put into an Urn,

lay

and

them upon

a Bier, 3. see they be carried out

in a Funeral

Pomp

imponimus Feretro, & curamus efferri Pompd Funebri

towards the Church-yard,^. versus Coemeterium,

where they are in a Grave,

laid

by the Bearers, 5. and are interred

;

this

covered with

a Grave-stone,

and

adorned

with Tombs,

and

Epitaphs,

ubi inferuntur, Sepulchro, 6. a Vespillonibus,

& humantur

;

hoc tegitur Cippo,

ornatur

Monumentis, 8. ac Epitaphiis, g.

166

the Corps

and the

Bells are rung, 10.

Hymni cantantur, & Campancz, 10. pulsantur.

cxxx.

Stage-play.

In a Play-house,

Ludus Scenicus.

In Theatro,

(which is trimmed with Hangings, 2. and covered with Curtains, Comedies and

Funere prodeunte,

go along

Psalms are sung,

(quod vestitur 2.

Tapetibus,

tegitur Sipariis, 3.) Tragedies are Comedies, vel Tragatditz 3.)

aguntur,

acted,

wherein memorablethings quibus repraesentantur res memorabiles are represented ;

as here, the History of the Prodigal Son, 4.

ut hie, Historia

and

his Father,

by whom he is entertain'd, being return'd home.

maketh

Patre,

quo

ipsius,

recipitur,

domum

redux.

Ac tores (ffistriones) agunt

The Players act being in disguise; the Fool,

de Filio Prodigo,

personati Morio, 6. dat Jocos. ;

Jests.

167;

The chief of the Spectators

the Gallery, 7. the common sort stand sit in

on the Ground, 8. and clap the hands, if

in Cavea, 8.

The Tumbler, i. maketh several Shows by the nimbleness of his body, walking to and fro on his hands, leaping

through a Hoop,

&c.

Sometimes also 4.

plaudit, quid arridot.

Jugler,

Praestigiae.

Prastigiator,

volubilitate

corporis, manibus, saliendo

deambulando

per Circulum, 2. &c. Interdum etiam Larvatus. Agyrta,

sheweth sleights, out of a Purse.

facit varia Spectacula,

tripudiat, 4.

having on a Vizzard.

The

CXXXI.

Sleights.

plebs stat

anything please them.

he danceth,

Spectatorum primarii, sedent in Orchestra,

facit prczstigias k,

Marsupio.

The

Rope-dancer,

Funambulus,

a Rope,

upon

holdeth a Poise,

manu

in his

hand; or hangeth himself by|the hand or foot,

&c.

aut suspendit se manu \e\pede, 7. &c.

fencers in a

;

CXXXII.

The Fencing-School.

meet

graditur & saltat super Fu ne in, ten ens Halterem,

goeth and danceth

Palestra.

Pugiles

congrediuntur Duello

Duel

in Palestra,

in a Fencing-place,

fighting with Swords, or Pikes, 2.

and Halberds,

vel Hastilibus,

Bipennibus, 3. vel Semispathis, 4. vel Ensibus, 5.

having balls at the point

mucronem

they wound one another mortally) or with two edged-Swords

(ne laedet lethaliter) vel Frameis

and

(lest

a Dagger,

or Short-swords, or Rapiers, 5.

decertantes vel Gladiis,

together.

obligates,

Pi/gione, 6. simul.

Wrestlers,

(among

the

Luctatores,

Romans

in time past were nayked and anointed with~~(5yl) take hold of one another and strive whether can throw the other,

especially by tripping

tip

inuncti Oleo)

prehendunt

& annituntur

invicem

uter

alterum prosternere pos-

his sit,

heels, 8.

(apud Romanes olim nudi

praeprimis

supplantando,

Hood-winked Fencers, 9. Andabatce, 9. fought with their fists in pugnabant pugnis a ridiculous strife, to wit, ridiculo certamine, with their Eyes coverered. nimirum Oculis obvelatis.

CXXXIII.

Tennis-play.

In a Tennis Court, i. they play with a Ball,

Ludus

In Sphtzristerio, 2.

luditur Pild,

which one throweth, and another taketh, and sendeth it back

with a Racket,

Reticulo,

quam

alter mittit,

alter excipit, remittit 3.

Pilae.

and that is the Sport of Noble Men

idque est Lusus Nubilium ad

to stir their

commotionem Corporis.

Body.

Wind-ball,

Follis (pila

in the

open

ope

we throw them

Tesseris (talis),

mus vel

a Casting-box,

upon a Board, 3. marked with figures,

Aleae.

ludi-

vel Plistobolindam

;

and thi s

Men Skills

immittimus

per Frittillum,

illas

in Tabellam, 3.

notatam numeris, s Dice-players ga me idque est Ludas Sortilegii

at casting Lots.

Ludus

take up all ;

through

Epistomii,

CXXXIV.

play wiia Dice, i. either they that throw the

most

reverberberatur Pugno, 5. sub Dio.

Air.

Dice-plav

magna),

distenta Acre

being filled with Air, by means of a Ventil, is tossed to and fro with the Fist, 5.

Aleatorutn.

play by Luck and

pair of Tables,

Sorte

Arte luditur

Calcuhs

Tables. 4.

Alveo aleatorio,

and

at Cards,

We on a

play

Chartis lusoriis, 5. Abaculis

Ludimus

at Chesse

6. where in Abaco, 6. ubi only art beareth the sway. sola ars regnat. The most ingenious Ingeniosissimus Ludus

Chesse-board,

Game

were two Armies

Ludus Latrunculorunty quo veluti duo Exercitus

fight together in Battel.

conflio-unt Prselio.

Chesse, 7.

the

wherein as

est

CXXXV.

Races.

Cursus Certamina.

Pueri exercent Boys exercise themselves by running, either upon cursu, sive super the fee,

in Scrick-shoes,

Glaciem,

Diabatris,

where they are carried also ubi etiam vehuntur upon Sleds, 3. or in the open Trahis, 3. sive in Campo, Field, making a Line, 4. designantes Lineam, 4. which he that desireth to quam qui vincere cupit win, ought to touch, but debet attingere, at not to run beyond it. non ultra procurrere.

Heretofore Runners, run betwixt Rails, 6.

Olim decurrebant Cursores, 5.

inter Cancellos,

7. and he that toucheth it

first

receiveth the Prize,

him that gave

this

from

the prize, 9.

day

Tilting

(or the quintain) is used, (where a Hoop, n. is

struck at with

a Truncheon,

7. & primum contingebat

ad Metain,

to the Goal,

qui

earn, accipiebat

habentur, (ubi Circuits,

petitur Lancea,

10.) in-

Brabeum,

(frcemium)) 8. a Brabeuta, Hodie Hastiludia

10.

)

stead of Horse-races, which loco Equiriorum, quae abierunt in desuetudinem. are grown out of use.

Boys Sport.

CXXXVI.

Ludi Pueriles.

Pueri solent ludere

Boys use to play either with Bowling-stones i. or throwing a Bowl, 2.

vel Globis fictilibu s,

at Nine-pins, 3. or striking a Ball,

ad Conas, 3. vel mittentes Sph&rulam

through a Ring, 5. with a Bandy, 4. or scourging a Top, with a Whip, 7.

per Annulutn, Clava, 6.

vel jactantes Globum,

versantes Turbinein, Flagello,

or shooting with a Trunkfi. vel jaculantes Sclopo, 8. & Arcu, 9. vel incidentes and a Bow, 9. or going or 10. tossing Grallis, 10. vel super upon Stilts,

and swinging themselves upon a Merry-totter, n.

Petaurum, n.se agitantes

oscillantes.

CXXXVII. The Kingdom and

Regnum & Many make

Cities

and

Regio. Multae Urbes

Villages

& Pagi

faciunt Regionem

a Region

and a Kingdom. The King or Prince

& Regnum. re-

sideth in the chief City, the Noblemen, Lords, in the Castles,

that lie about

Rex aut Princeps sedet in Metropoli. \. Nobiles,

and Earls dwell

Barones,

Comites habitant

in Arcibus,

Villages,

circumjacentibus

;

the Country People

dwell in

the Region.

Rustici 3.

in Pagis,

;

He upon

hath his

174

Habet telonia siia juxta Flumina navigabilia,

toll-places

navigable Rivers,

and high- Roads, 5. w h e re Portage and is exacted of them

Tollage

ubi

Vias rcgias,

Portorn m

that sail

exigitur a navigantibus

or travel.

Vectigal

iter facientibus.

CXXXVIII. Regia Majestas.

Regal Majesty.

The -King, i. sitteth on his Throne, in Kingly State,

Rex, 2.

with a stately Habit, 3. a Diadem, holding a Scepter, 5.

crowned with in his

Company The

chief

tenens Sceptritm,

manu,

Hand,

being attended with a

sedet in suo Solio, 2. in regio splendore, magnified Habitu, 3. redimitus Diademate,

stipatus

of Courtiers.

among

are the Chancellor, 6. with the Counsellors

these,

frequentid Aulicorum. Inter hos primarii sunt CancellariuS) 6.

cum

Consiliariis

r 175

and

Secretaries,

the Lord-marshall,

Prafectus Prcetorii,

A nice

the Comptroller, 8. the Cup-bearer, 9.

Dapifer,

1 1

Archi-Cubicularius, 12. & Stabuli Magister, 1 3

Subordinantur

There are subordinate

his

to these

the Noble Courtiers,

Nobiles Aulici, 14. Nobile Famulitium,

14.

the Noble Pages, 1 5 with the Chamberlains, .

and

10.

Thesaurarius,

the High Chamberlain, and the Master of the Horse,

Magister,

Pocillator (pincerna), 9.

the Taster, 10. the Treasurer, u.

Secretariis,

Lacquies, 16.

the Guard,

15.

cum Cubiculariis, & Cursoribus, 16. Stipatores,

17.

cum

with their Attendance.

Satellitio.

Solemniter recipit He solemnly giveth Audience to the Ambassadors Legates of Foreign Princes, 18. exterorum, 18. He sendeth Ablegat his Vice-gerents,

Vicarios suos,

Deputies,

Administratores^

Governors, Treasurers,

Prafectos, Quastores,

and Ambassadors

to other places, to whom he sendeth

aliorsum,

new Commissions ever and anon by the Posts,

Mandata nova

The Fool, 20. maketh Laughter by

his

toysom Actions.

Legatos,

quibus mittit 19.

subinde per Veredarios, Morio,

20.

movet Risum ludicris Actionibus.

19.

The

Miles.

Soldier.

If we be to make War Soldiers are lifted, i.

Horum Anna

Their Arms are a Head-piece, Crest]

adorned with a and the Armour,

(which

a Breast-plate, 4. Arm-pieces, 5.

are the defensive Arms.

Manicce,

cum Lorica, 8. & 6V?/A? (Clypeo), 9. haec sunt Arma defensiva. Offensiva sunt

offensive are

Gladius, 10.

a Sword, 10.

a two-edged Sword, 1 1 a Falchion, 12. which are put up into .

or Belt,

Frame a,

15.

Acinaces, 12.

qui reconduntur Vagind,

and are girded with a GYr14.

sunt,

2.)

Thorax,

Brachialia, 5. Ocretz ferretz,

Greaves, 7. with a Coat of Mail, 8. and a Buckler, 9. these

<-,

Galea (Cassis, (quae ornatur

reus, 3.

Leg-pieces, 6.

a Scabbard,

est

Cristd) & Armatura, a Collar,^. cujus partes Torquis fer-

whose parts are

The

bellandum

scribuntur Milites.

13.

accinguntur Cingulo,

14. vel Baltheo, 15.

(a Scarf, 16.

(Fascia militaris, inservit ornatui)

serveth for ornament) a two handed- Sword, 17.

and a Dagger,

Romphaa, & / > ifg w,

18.

In these is the Haft, with the Pummel, 20.

and the Blade, 21. having a Point, 22. in the middle are the Back, 23. and the Edge,

16.

In his est Manuf>rtum,\().

19.

cum Porno, 20. & Verutum, 2 1

Cuspidatum, 22. in 24.

medio

Dorsum,

23.

Acies, 24.

Reliqua arma sunt

The other Weapons are

a Pike, 25. a Halbcrt, 26. Hasta, 25. Bipennis, 26. (in which is the Haft, 27. (in quibus Hastile, 27. and the Head, 28.) a & Mucro, 28.) Club,z<). and a Whirlebat,y>. Clava, 29. & Cozstus, 30. Pugnatur eminus They fight at a distance Bombardis (Sclopetis), 31. with Muskets, 3 i .

and

Pistols, 32.

which

Sclopis, 32.

quae

are charged with Bullets, 33. out of a Bullet-bag, 34.

onerantur

and with Gun-powder

out of a Bandalier^ 35.

e Pyxide pulveraria, 35.

The Camps.

Globis, 33.

e Theca bombardica, 34. Pulvere nitrato

CXL.

Castra.

173;

When a Design is undertaken the Camp, \. is pitched and the Tents of Canvas, 2. or Straw, 3. are fastned with Stakes ; and they entrench them about for security's sake, with Bulwarks, 4. and Ditches

Expeditions susepta, Castra, i. & Tentoria Lin-

locantur

vel Stramentis, axilUs ; figuntur

teis, 2.

aque circumdant, securitatis gratia Aggerib us 4. >

Fossis, 5. Excubicz,

6. constituuntur; & Exare also set; out. are sent and Scouts, j. ploratores., 7. emittuntur. Sallyings out, 8. Excursiones, 8. fiunt Pabulationis are made for Forage

Sentinels, 6.

and Plunder-sake, where they often cope with the Enemy, 9

The

skirmishing.

Pavilion of the

Lord General

in the

midst of the Camp,

The Army and

When

the

10.

the Fight.

Praedae causa, ubi

saepius confligitur cum 9. velitando.

Hostibus,

Tentorium

summi Imperatoris medio Castrorum,

CXLI. Acies &

Quando Pugna

est in 10.

Proelium.

r '79 is

to be fought the is set in order, and divided into the Front, i.

committenda

Army

Acics instruitur, & dividitur in Frontem,

the Rcre, 2. and the Wings,

Tergum, 2. & Alas (Cornua),

The

Foot, 4.

are intermixed with the Horse,

That

Peditatus,

est, \.

intermiscetur Equitatui,

divided

llle

into Companies, this into Troops.

in Centurias,

hie in Tunnas.

These carry Banners, those Flags, 7. in the midst of them. Their Officers are, Corporals, Ensigns, Lieutenants, Captains,

distinguitur

Vexilla, 6.

hae Labara, 7. Eorum Praefecti sunt, Decuriones, Signiferi, Vicarii, Centuriones, 8.

Commanders of the Horse,

medio ferunt

Illae in

Magistri Equitum,

Lieutenant Colonels,

Tribuni,

Colonels,

Chiliarchce,

that is the chief of & summus omnium all, the General. Imperator. The Drummers, 10. Tympanistce, 10.

and he

and the Drumslades, n.

Tympanotriba, n.

as also the Trumpeters, 12. ut & Tubicines, 12. call to Arms, vocant ad Arma and inflame the Soldier. & inflammant Militem.

At the first Onset the Muskets, 13. and Ordnance, 14. are shot off. Afterwards they fight,

Primo

Conflictu,

with Pikes and Swords.

Bombardce, 13. & Tormenta,\\. exploduntur. Postea pugnatur, 15. com in us Hastis & Gladiis.

They that are overcome are slain. 6. or taken prisoners, or run away, 17.

trucidantur, 16. vel capiuntur, vel aitfugiunt, 17.

15.

hand

They that are for the Reserve,

Victi

Succenturiati, 18.

come upon them

superveniunt

(

'80;

out of their places where

insidiis.

they lay in wait.

The

Impedimenta,

Carriages, 19.

are plundered.

The Sea-Fight.

CXLII.

Ships,

run one upon another with their Beaks, i. or shatter one another with their Ordnance, 2. and so being bored thorow they drink in

own

and are

Destruction,

quum

ingentes Naves,

concurrunt Rostris,

are set on

aut se invicem quassant

Tor me ntis,

atque ita perforatae, imbibunt

perniciem suam

sunk, 3.

Or when they

Navalis.

veluti Arces,

like Castles,

their

Pugna

Navale prceliiim terribile est,

Sea-fight

is terrible,

when huge

19.

spoliantur.

submerguntur,

Aut quum igne

corripi-

fireand either by the firing untur, & vel ex incendio of Gun-powder, 4. pulveris tormentarii, 4.

181

men

are blown up into the or are burnt in the midst of the waters, or else leaping into the Sea are drowned.

air,

mediis aquis, vel etiam desilientes in mare, suffocantur.

Navis fugitiva,

Ship that flieth away,

overtaken by those that pursue is

intercipitur

5. is

and

homines ejiciuntur in aerem, vel exuruntur in

her, 6.

ab insequcntibus,

taken.

capitur.

CXLIII.

The Besieging

A is

of a City.

City that

like to

is first

endure a

Siege,

summoned

by a Trumpeter, \. and persuaded to yield.

Urbs passura Obsidionem, primum provocatur per Tubicinem, \. & invitatur ad Depitionem.

refuseth to do, Quod si abnuat facere, Bethe assaulted by oppugnatur ab Obsidenti-

Which it is

Obsidium Urbis.

if it

bus & occupatur. and taken by storm. Vel muros per Scalas, Either by climbing over the walls with Scaling-lad- transcendendo,

siegers,

ders,

or breaking them down with Battcring-engins, 3. or demolishing them with great Guns, 4. or breaking through the Gates with a Petarr, 5. or casting Granadoes, 6. out of Mortar-pieces, 7. into the City,

aut diruendo Arietibns, 3.

aut demoliendo Tormentis, 4. vel dirumpendo

portas Exostra,

vel

ejaculando Globos Tormentarios, 6. e Mortariis (balis~ tis), 7.

Urbem

by Engineers, (who lye behind

per Balistarios, 8. (qui latitant post

Leagure baskets, 9.) or overthrowing it with

Gerras, 9.) vel subvertendo

Mines by Pioneers,

Cunicidis per Fossores, 10. Obsessi

10.

They that are besieged defend themselves

from the Walls, n. with fire and stones, or break out by force,

A that is

&c., 12.

City is

taken by Storm

plundered,

defendunt se de Muris, n. ignibus, lapidibus, &c. aut eru mpunt, 12. Urbs vi expugnata,

diriditur,

destroyed,

exciditur,

and sometimes laid even with the ground.

interdum equatur solo.

Religion.

Religio.

Godliness,

the

Pietas,

Regina Virtutum devout- colit Deum, 4. humiliter,

Queen of Vertues,

worshippeth God, 4. ly, the Knowledge of God being drawn either from the Book of Nature, 2. (for the work commendeth the Work-master)

Notitia Dei, haustii vel ex

Libra Naturce,

(nam opus commendat Artificem)

or from the

vel

Book of

Libra Scriptures,

Scripture, 3.

ex 3.

she meditateth

recolit upon his Commandmentscontained Mandata ejuscomprein the Decalogue,

and

hensa

in Decalogo, 5.

treading Reason under foot, that Barking Dog, 6. she giveth Faith, 7.

& conculcans Rationem,

and assent

& assensum

to the

and as a

Word

calleth

praebet Fidem,

Verbo Dei,

of God,

upon him,

oblatrantem Canem,

Helper in adversity. Divine Services

eumque

invocat, 8.

Opitulatorem Officia

in adversis.

Divina

are done in the Church, in which are the Quire, with the Altar, n. the Vestry, 12. the Pulpit, 13.

10.

fiunt in Templo, 9. in quo est Penetrale

tum,

10.)

Sacrarium,

and a

men

All

16.

perceive that

15.

Baptisterium, 16.

Omnes homines

senti-

unt esse Deum,

God, but all men do not rightly know God. is

Subsellia, 14.

Ambones,

there

(Ady-

Altari,

Suggestus, 13.

Seats, 14. Galleries, 15.

7^/

cum

sed non omnes recte norunt Deum.

Hinc diversae Religioncs Hence are divers Religions whereof IV. are reckoned quarum IV. numerantur adhuc primariae. yet as the chief.

CXLV.

Gentilism.

The

Gentiles feigned

to themselves near

upon

Gentilimus.

Gentiles finxerunt sibi

prope

XI I M. Numina. XI I M. Deities. Eorum prsecipua erant were of them chief The Jupiter,

President,

petty- God of Heaven

;

and

Jupiter,

Presses

Deaster ccdi

;

2. of the Sea of Hell; Mars, 4. of War Apollo, 5. of Arts Mercury, 6. of Thieves,

Neptune, Pluto,

;

Merchants,

Mars,

Belli

;

Artium Mercurius, 6. Furum, Mercatorum, Apollo,

;

Eloquentiae; Vulcanus (Mulciber),

Vulcan, (Mulciber)

Ignis

;

Winds:

& Fabrorum

and the most obscene of

^olus, Ventorum & obscaenissimus,

all the rest, Priapus.

Priapus.

SEolus, of

They had

Womanly

also Deities:

such as were Venus,

the Goddess of Loves, and Pleasures, with

her

son Cupid, 8. Minerva (Pallas}, with the nine Muses of Arts ; Juno, of Riches and Weddings; Vesta, of Chastity; Ceres, of Corn Diana, of Hunting, and Fortune; and besides these Morbona, and Febris her self. little

;

The

;

and Eloquence; of Fire and Smiths

Neptunus, 2. Maris Pluto, 3. Inferni

;

Habuerant etiam Muliebria Numina: qualia fuerunt Venus,

Dea Amorum,

& Voluptatum, cum filiolo CupiJine, 8.

Minerva (Pallas), cum novem Musis Artium ; Juno, Divitiarum &Nuptiarum Vesta, Castitatis; :

Frumentorum Diana, Venationum; Ceres,

;

& Fortuna quin & Morbona, :

ac Febris ipsa.

Egyptians,

instead of

God

worshipped all sorts of Beasts and Plants, and whatsoever they saw first in the morning.

pro Deo :olebant

omne genus

Animalium & Plantarum,

& quicquid conspiciebantur primum mane.

The Philistines offered Philist&i offerebant to Moloch,q. their Children Molocho (Saturno), 9. Into be burnt alive, fantes cremandos vivos. The Indians, 10. even to Indi, 10. etiamnum this day, worship the venerantur Devil,

1 1

'acodamona,

Judaismus.

Judaism.

Yet the true Worship of the true God, remained with the Patriarchs, who lived before and after the Flood.

Amongst these, that Seed of the Woman, the Messias of the World, was promised to Abraham, i. the Founder of the Jews, the Father of them that believe: and he (being called away from the Gentiles) with his Posterity, being marked with the Sacrament of Circumcision, 2 made a peculiar people, and Church of God.

Verus tamem

Cultus

veri Dei,

remansitapud Patriarchas r qui vixerunt ante & post Diluvium. Inter hos,

Semen

illud Mulieris,

Messias Mundi,

promissus

est

Abrahamo.

Condi tori Judaorum, Patri credentium :

ipse (avocatus

a Gentilibus) cum Posteris, no tat us Sacramento Circumcisionis, 2. constitutus singularis populus, & Ecclesia Dei.

Afterwards God gave his Law, written with his own Finger

exhibuit Legcm suam, scriptam Digito suo

in Tables of Stone,

in Tabulis Lapideis,

to this

people

Postea Deus

huic Populo

by Moses,

Mount

per Mosen,

Sinaf, 4.

Monte

Furthermore, he ordained

Sinai, 4.

Porro ordinavit

man ducat ion em Agni Pas-

the eating the Paschal

c kalis, 6. & Lamb, 6. and Sacrifices to Sacrificia be offered upon an A/tar, 7. offerenda in Altari, 7. by Priests, 8. per Sac er dotes, 8. and Incense, g. and com& Suffitus, 9. & jussit

manded

a Tabernacle, 10.

Tabernacului,

with the Ark of the Covenant, n. to be made:

cum Area 1

and

fieri

Fcederis,

besides, a brazen Serpent, 2 to be set up against the biting of Serpents in the

praeterea, izneum Serpentem, 12. erigi contra

Wilderness. All which things were Types of the Messias

Deserto.

come,

the

yews

morsum Serpentum Quae omnia Typi erant Messia

whom

venturi,

quem

yet look for.

The only begotten nal Son of God,

expectant.

CXLVII.

Christianity.

eter-

Christianismus,

Umgcuuus auernus

Dei Filius*

NT ,

Jbrariws,

CV/

** *

-ROA.M AVE. -- "

being promised to

promissus

our first Parents in ParaProtoplastis in Paradiso, dise, at the last being con- tandem conceived by the Holy Ghost, ceptus per Sanctum Spiriturn in sanctissimo utero in the most Holy Womb of the Virgin Mary, i. of Virginis Mar ice, the royal house of David de do mo regid Davidis, & indutus humana and clad with humane \

flesh,

came

into the

World

at Bethlehem of Judaea,

theextream poverty

carne, prodiit in mundum Bethlehemce JudceA, in

summa

paupertate

of a Stable, 2. in the fullness of time, in the year of the world 3970, but pure from all sin, and the name of Jesus was given him,

Anno Mundi ^IQ, sed mundus ab omni pec-

which

quod

signifieth a Saviour.

When he was sprinkled with holy Baptism, 4. (the Sacrament of the new Covenant} by John his Forerunner,;. in Jordan, the most sacred Mystery

Stabuli,

impleto tempore,

cato

& nomen Jesu

impositum Hie,

fuit ei,

significat Salvatorem.

cum imbueretur

sacro Baptismo,

{Sacramento novi Fcederis) a ^Wztf//#<?p recourse re suo, in Jordane apparuit sacratissimum Mysterium

Divinae Trinitatis, of the divine Trinity, Pair is appear'd by the father's voice, 6. (whereby he testi- voce, 6. (qua testabatur hunc esse Filium suum) fied that this was his.S0) and the Holy Ghost in the & Spiritu sane to shape of a Dove, 7. coming in specie Columbce, 7. down from Heaven. delabente coelitus. From that time, being Ab eo tempore, the joth year of his Age, unto the fourth year, he

declared

who

he was, his

tricesimoanno aetatis suae, usque an annum quartum, declaravit quis esset, prae se ferentibus Divinitatem,

words and works manifest- verbis & operibus ing his Divinity, being neither owned, nor enter-

necagnitus, nee acceptus

tained by the ^Vaw,because a yudceis, ob ofhis voluntary poverty. voluntariam pauperatem.

(

He was

at last

taken by

Captus tandem ab

these (when he had first his (quum prius ininstituted the Mystical Sup- stituisset Ccenam Mysticam, per, 8, of his for a Seal

Body and Blood

Corporis

Sigillum

Sanguinis

sui,

of the new Covenanting, the novi Fcederis, & remembrance of himself) sui recordationem) carried to the Judgmentraptus ad Tribunal seat of Pilate, Pilati,

Governour under

Ccesar,

accused and condemned as an innocent Lamb ; and being fastned upon a Cross, 9. he dyed, being sacrificed upon the Altar for the sins of the World.

Praefecti Ccesarei,

& damnatus est Agnus innocentissimus; accusatus

actusque in Crucem, mortem subiit,

immolatus

in ara

pro peccatis mundi.

But when he had revived Sed quum revixisset Divina sua Virtute, by his Divine Power, he rose again the third day resurrexit tertia die out of the Grave,

10.

and forty days after being taken up from Mount Olivet, u, into Heaven,

and returning thither whence he came, he vanished as it were, while the Apostles, 13. gazed upon him, to whom he sent his Holy Spirit, 14. from Heaven, the tenth day after his Ascension,

and them, (being filled with his power) into the World to preach of him;

e Sepulchro, 10.

post dies XL. sublatus de Monte Olivcti, n Cxlum, 2 & eo rediens unde venerat, quasi evanuit, \

Apostolis, 13.

aspectantibus,

quibus misit Spiritum Sanctum,

Coelo,

14.

decima

die post Ascensum, ipsos vero, (hac virtute impletos) in

Mundum

praedicaturos olim rediturus ;

being henceforth to come again to the last Judgment, ad Judicium extremutn, interea sedens sitting in the mean time

at the right hand of the Father,

and interceding

From

ad dextram Patris,

for us.

this Christ

are called Christians, and are saved in him alone.

dicimur

and

Homo

Sergius

sibi

novam Religionem, mix tarn ex J-udaismo, 2.

feigning, whilst he had the Fit of ;

bellator,

excogitabat

Gentilism,

by the advice of a Jew, and an Arian Monk, 3.

named

Mahometismus.

Mahomet,

a warlike Man, invented to himself a new Religion, mixed with Judaism, Christianity

Chris to

Christiani,

inque eo solo salvamur.

CXLVIII.

Mahometism.

Mahomet,

intercedens pro nobis.

Ab hoc

Christianismo

Gentilismo,

consilio Judai, 2. & Monachi Ariaui,

nomine

dum

Sergii ;

fin gens,

laboraret Epilepsia,

the Falling-sickness,

that the Archangel Gabriel Archangelum Gabrielem, & Spiritum Sanctum, and the Holy Ghost,

talked with him,

secum colloqui,

using a Pigeon, to fetch

adsuefaciens Columbam,

Escam ex Aure sua.

Meat

petere

out of his Ear.

His Followers

Asseclce ejus abstinent se

refrain themselves

from Wine;

a Vino

are circumcised, have many Wives ; build Chapels, 5. from the Steeples whereof, they are called to Holy Service not by Bells, but by a Priest, 6. they

circumciduntur, sunt Polygarni ; exstruunt Sacel/a, 5. de quorum Turriculis, convocantur ad sacra

;

non a Campanis,

sed a Sacerdote, 6. ssepius se abluunt, 7. they deny iheHoly Trinity: negant .5\S. Trinitatem : Christum honorant, they honour Christ, not as the Son of God, non ut Dei Ft Hum, sed ut magnum Prophetam, but as a great Prophet,

wash themselves

often,

minorem

yet less than Mahomet; they call their Law, the Alchoran.

Gods Providence.

Mens

Legem suam vocant Alcoran.

CXLIX.

States |

Providentia Dei.

Humanae Sortes

f> non tribuendae sunt

are not to be attributed

Fortune aut Casui, or the Influence of the Stars, aut Influxui Siderum,

to Fortune or Chance,

(Comets,

(

indeed are wont to portend no good) but to the provident

Come tee,

quidem solent

nihil boni

portendere) sed provide

Dei Oculo, 2. Eye of God, 2. and to his governing Hand, & ejusdem Manui rectrici,^. etiam nostrae Prudentia, 3. even our Sights, or Oversights, or even our Faults.

God hath and

Angels,

Deus habet Ministros

his Ministers

suos,

who accompany from his

vel Imprudentice, vel etiam NOXCE.

Man,

birth,

as Guardians,

Angelas, 4.

ut Custodes,

against wicked or the Devil, 6.

who

qui associant se Homini,$. a nativitate ejus,

Spirits,

every minute

contra malignos Spiritus, seu Diabolum, 6. qui minutatim

layeth wait for him,

struit insidias ei,

ad tentandum

tempt and vex him.

vel

mad

vexandum.

Wizzards and Witches

Vae dementibus Mag is & Lamiis

who

give themselves to the Devil, (being inclosed in a Cir-

qui Cacodaemoni se

upon him with Charms)

eum advocantes

cle, 7.

to the

calling

they dally with him,

God

dedunt (inclusi Circulo,

Incantamentis) curn eo colludunt

for they shall receive their

& a Deo deficiunt nam cum illo

reward with him.

mercedem

and

fall

from

accipient.

r 193 ;

The Last Judgment.

For the shall

shall 2.

Judicium extremum.

Nam

day

come

which Dead.

last

CL.

dies novissima

veniet, raise

up the quce resuscitabit Morlu-

with the sound of

os, 2.

voce Tuba,

a Trumpet, \, and summon the Quick with them

& citabit cum illis

to the Judgment-seat of Christ Jesus, 3.

ad Tribunal

Jesu

Vivos,

Christi,

(appearing in the Clouds) (apparentis in Nubibus) to give an Account ad reddendam rationem of all things done. omnium actorum. When the Godly & Elect^. Ubi/M (justi) &Electi, 4. shall enter into life eter- introibunt in vitam aeternal into the place of Bliss,

nam,in locum Beatitudinis

and the new Hierusalem, But the Wicked and the damned, 6.

& novum

shall be thrust into Hell$. with the Devils, 7. to be

there tormented for ever.

Hierosolymam, Impii vero.

& damnali, 6. cum Cacodczmonibus.

Gehennum, 8. detrudentur, ibi cruciandi aeternum.

Clausula.

The Close.

Thus thou

hast seen in

Ita vidisti

res

short, all things that can be shewed,

summatim

omnes

quae poterunt ostendi,

and hast learned the chief Words of the English and Latin

Tongue.

Lingua.

didicisti

Voces primarias Angliccz

Latintz

Go on now

Perge nunc and read other good Books & lege diligenter alias bonos Libros, diligently, and thou shalt become ut fias doctiis, sapiens, & pins. learned, wise, and godly.

Remember fear

God, and

him, that he upon thee

Memento horum; time, & invoca

these things; call

upon

may bestow

Deum

eum, ut largiatur libi

the Spirit of Wisdom. Farewell.

.Spiritiitn l&api

CfTRAL CIRCULATION CHILDREN'S ROOM

INDEX TITULORUM. Cap. 141 6

46 33 43 19

A. E. Pag. A cies& Praelium 178 106 pclipses L

Aer

10 83

58 76 Equile 109 Ethica

Agricultura

Amphibia 40 Animi hominis 54 Animalia & primum Aves 24

108

Aqua

Aves Campestres & Sylvestres

20 23

Aves Domesticae Aves Rapaces

94 41

36 91 77 117 Bibilopegus 116 45 Bibliopolium 115 C. 72 r^anales & Ossa 50 Caput & Manus 47

135

Castra Christianismus

Coelum Convivium

68 Coquinaria Cursus Certamina 171

J)eformes strosi

Deus

Domus

177 32 187 25 7

& Mon-

36 35

Figulus 87 Flores 20 Fortitude 141 Fructus Arborum 18 22

Fruges Frutices

184 126

pjomo

43 95 Hortorum cultura 56 Humanitas 144

Horologia

Hypocaustum cum Dormitorio

89 8

Ignis

Insecta repentia 38 Insecta volantia 31

100 Instrumenta

Musica

D. 44

Ferae Bestiae Ferae Pecudes

Geometria H.

"Dalneum

Caro & Viscera

Faber lignarius 79 Faber murarius So

H5 Qentilismus 102

39 40 140 147 4 53 55

paber

Ferrarius

74 95

Europa

194 36 '34 F.

63 Arbor 13 17 64 30 119 Arbor Consanguinitatis 150 29 128 Ars Medica 163 70 Ars Scriptoria 112 15 91 121 113 99 Artes Sermonis 52 Aucupium 65 14 24 Aves Aquaticae 30 17 7

'3* IO2

Eques

123 Interiora Invitatio

Urbis

146 Judaismus 124 Judicium 55 150 Jud'm extremum 28 Jumenta 5 82 116 Justitia

123 156 i

186

157 193

34 145

INDEX TITULORUM. L.

INDEX TITULORUM. 118 Societas Conjugalis

AN INDEX OF THE

TITLES.

c. 103

140

84 85 63 27 29 4 1

Hhe

Earth Sphere 106 The Eclipses 127 65 Engines I -r108 Europe 9

Celestial

The Camp

Chattels

77/<r

IS 6

City

C7ew CAw<

77/^

119 The Tree of guinity 55 Cookery 80 77/<? Cooper 1

32 33

104

98 52 20 99 24 22

C<9r;z

Crawling Vermin

Creatures that live well by water as

land 31

Creeping things

38 as

40 37 88 '45 102

T\eformed and monstrous People.

134 Dice -play 45

168 g

Fishing River -fish

and Pond-

fish

Sea-fish

and

7%^

77^

4 Shell-fish

Flowers Flying Vermin

20 3

77/<?

30 Fruits of the Earth 14 18

Fruits of Trees

G. A

Galley Gentilisin

Geometry

108 184 26

GVc/

^^V

170

32 65 25

Fowling Tame- Fowl Water- Fowl

59 62

Diligence

^<? Dressing of Gardens

tf^ Bowels

Providence 49 G rasing 47 49 Grinding 1

D. 44

A Feast 72 The Fencing-School

Consan- 113 Fortitude 26 7^/- footed Beasts 150 about the House 68

Cord-wainer

77/<?

7^><?

and Bones

34 147 Christianity 187 123 OVy I54 143 77?,? Besieging of a City 35 181 123 77/<? Inward parts of a 40 77/<?

'3 i%> ,

Carriages 103 Carrying to and fro 105 77^ Carpenter 79 58 Herd- Cattle 33 132 Wild- Cattle 5

'T/ic

Hands 1

Pot-herbs

47 21

AN INDEX OF THE 27

Herd-Cattle

4 48

Heaven The making of Honey

127 Measures

162 126 Merchandizing

1 1

Humanity Hunting Husbandry

144 66

09 \

Moon

Musical Insruments 123 186

P. 92

109 Moral Philosophy IOO Musical Insfments

nr//^ Invitation i

Merchant Ship

Horseman 102 Metals 5 House 82 67 ^4 Mine 84 The parts of a House I0 5 TV/.? Apparitions of the 88

71 1

and Weights

77/<*

TITLES.

z/ter

4 Patience 101 Philosophy I

Passage over Waters 1 06 142

I2 5 146 Judaism Moral Philosophy 136 124 Judgment 157 109 128 Physick 163 150 The last Judgment 193 The Picture 116 Justice 96 145 78 K. 34 Pond-fish 4 Pot-herbs 16 21 137 nr/J<? Kingdom and The Potter 87 Region 173 70 114 93 Printing L. '49 God's Providence 191 28 T abouring Beasts \ 34 no Prudence 37 117 Liberality '47 R. Living Creatures '9 24 35 "Daces 171 77/!i? 59 dressing of Line 74 2 Ravenous Birds 29 3 6 Linen CloatJis 76 144 Religion 183 79 Looking-glasses 97 34 River-fish 41 M. 81 7V/^ Roper 99 1

148 138

190

S. 1

138 Regal Majesty

Kingly Majesty 74 97 43 142

of Man 35

44 42 38 77^ outward parts of a Man 45 3 1 77/<? Mason 80 90 64

A School

119

7%<f Sea-fight 80 Sea-fish and Shell-fish 4 2 \

77^ outward and vvard Senses Serpents

Shipwreck

in52

37 1 1 1

AN INDEX OF THE TITLES. 63 18

21 121

The Shoe-maker Shrubs Singing Birds Sleights The Soriety betwixt

Swimming

f. 27

167

6.2

182

Man

Taylor Temperance

140 Tennis play 169 Terrestial Sphere 132

and Wife 148 107 120 The Society betwixt PaTorments of Malerents and Children 152 125 121 The Society betwixt Mafactors 159 oo The TraveHor ster and Servant 153 82 The Soul of Man 17 54 '3 A Tree +3 86 The Turner The Souldier 176 69 U. The Black-smith 68 85 \

172 36 Boys Sports 103 The Celestial Sphere 127 107 The Terrestial Sphere 132 99 Arts belonging to Speech 121 1

The Stable

Vermin 3 Crawling Vermin 38 1

"P'lying

32 56

Vintage

W. Water Weaving

1 1

94 73

90 35 36

166 29 Stage -play 1 6 Stones 3 The Stove with the Bed- 3

room The Study

76 130 12

89 9 1 I2O

Writing

Trinuni Deo Gloria.

GBMTRAL CIRCULATION* CHILDREN'S ROC*

^ \