Joseph Hodges Choate - Ralph Waldo Emerson, an Address at the Passmore Edwards Institute, 1903

Page 1

PS

UC-NRLF

1(31 SflD

CD


LIBRARY UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, PAVIS




altw

Cforat/s Jttttms

AT THE

assmar* (Ktoarbs Institute,

JUNE

i5TH, 1903.

HARRISON & SONS, PRINTERS IN ORDINARY TO HIS MAJESTY, ST.

MARTIN'S LANE.

LIBRARY OF CALIFORNJI& DAVIS



|E

come

to-day, in these con

genial surroundings of the

Passmore Edwards Settle ment, to unveil the bust of a great

American, certainly one of the greatest

Ralph Waldo Emerson, the centenary of whose birth, on the of

them

25th of

all,

May

last,

was celebrated with

reverence and enthusiasm throughout his

own

Hundreds

lands.

new

been

have

writers merits,

country and in

and

I

to offer

familiar.

I

distant

of speakers and his

discussing

have absolutely nothing on a subject so freshly

would much rather

before you in his

any of

many

own words

set

him

than in

my own. A

2


His claims

to

distinction as poet,

philosopher and prophet, have

been

warmly advanced by his disciples, and as freely contested by the critics, but

whatever

him

about

seems

of definitions.

was

he

tellectual

century years

It is generally

to

be

of

that, as

of wide

the

nineteenth

and almost universal

writing,

course, he

in

a result of his forty

profound

reading,

agreed

one of the great

lights

;

brilliant

me

to

is

war of words and a contest

really a

that

there

controversy

came

contemplation,

and to

enlarged

dis

be recognised as

one of the wisest of men, a great and efficient teacher of his

and of far in

that

own

which came

generation, after

it,

and

advance of his age on many

important questions.


He

certainly

a

imagination,

had a

vivid

and

wonderful power

with

all

of

and the

idealizing the facts of nature

events of

fertile

and a quick sympathy concerned and interested

life,

that

which

humanity,

him

enabled

to

produce some poems which still live after half a century, and which are likely to find

many

readers in

coming

generations.

His Concord

assembled

neighbours

Bridge

to

celebrate

at

the

completion of the

monument which

marked the

where

spot

New

farmers

of

the

armed

first

troops.

sides

the

England

resistance to

There bloodshed on

began the long

conflict

plain offered British

both

which

divided the British Empire into two

independent

nations,

nations

which


now in

at last

happily vie with each other

words and

and

in

of mankind.

he told the

stanza

words that a trumpet By

advance the

to

efforts

interests

"

acts of mutual friendship,

In a single

thrilling story

echo

still

best

like the

sound of

:

the rude bridge that arched the flood,

Their

flag to April's breeze unfurled,

Here once

And

the embattled farmers stood,

fired the shot

Recalling his

what he had Michael

heard round the World."

visit

seen

to

of

Angelo, as

Rome, and the

work of

an Architect,

upon the great Cathedral with he

dome,

soaring

architecture

as

the

directly illuminated

God,

in

words

in

immortal

:

apostrophized

Divine

by the

that

its

Art,

Spirit of

ought

to

be


"

The hand that rounded Peter's Dome, And groined the aisles of Christian Rome, Wrought

in a sad sincerity

God he

Himself from

He

could not free

builded better than he

The

He

;

knew

;

:

conscious stone to beauty grew."

had absolute

faith in the close

between the living

relation

God and

the spirit of the individual man,

and

the boundless possibilities of

human

nature as

its

in

direct result.

Listen to another single verse which

ought to lasts,

live as

long as the language

expressing this idea.

He

was

showing how noble youth of America and of England, brought up, it may be,

in luxury

and

ease, in sport

and

prove to be heroes when the

idling,

trumpet sounds and their names are and turning their backs on called ;

all

they have prized before, on

home


and love

itself,

risk

and limb and

life

happiness to save or serve the cause of their country or their king "

So nigh is grandeur to our So near is God to man,

When Duty The

Nor and

:

dust,

whispers low Thou must/ " youth replies, I can/ '

'

are

isolated

these utterances in

exceptional

their

Much

character.

of

breathes the same lofty

style

his

spirit,

and

poetry

the

same

living imagery.

And

was master of a

lighter vein, full

sometimes he of

sparkling wit and genial fun.

Witness

his

fable

of

the

quarrel

between the squirrel and the moun tain "

:

The Mountain and the Squirrel had a quarrel, And the former called the latter 'little Prig/ Bun '

replied

You

:

are doubtless very big, 8


But

all

sorts of things

Must be taken

in

and weather

together

To make up a year And a sphere, And I think it no disgrace To occupy my place. If I'm not so large as you,

You

are not so small as

And

not half so spry.

I'll

I,

make

not deny you

A

very pretty squirrel track. Talents differ all is well and wisely put, If I cannot carry forests on my back :

Neither can you crack a

Whether he great poet or

is

is

'

nut.'

justly to

be called a

destined to an

immor

tality

of centuries or not, he gave us

much

delightful poetry,

of poetry,

who form

and the lovers

but a small part

of the readers of the English language, will

always find

what he has

You

all

much

to cherish

in

written.

know

the

main

simple and uneventful

life.

facts of his

He

was


a Puritan of the Puritans, or

there

if

be such a thing as a Puritan of the Puritans of the Puritans, he was

He was descended

exactly that.

from

a long line of dissenting clergymen,

beginning with the original immigrant

who had

from persecution at the hands of Archbishop Laud. Being silenced for Non-conformity he had fled

escaped to

New

England, and founded

a church at Concord, the

from

little

village

Boston,

which

fifteen

miles

was

be Emerson's home

to

at

Graduating the

of

age

and,

theology,

of

Dr.

himself

under

the

he a

Minister,

Protestants,

the

life.

Harvard College at Emerson studied

Channing,

Unitarian of the

18,

for

pastor 10

influence

became

a

Protestant

and soon found of

a church

in


Boston

;

of that

long

but even the gentle trammels

mild communion could not

contain

his

souL

independent

He

gave up the sacred office, and the difficulties which it involved his

gentle

ancestral

and

spirit,

village

to

retired

all

for

his

where

of Concord,

he devoted himself to

for forty years

and high thinking, to deep reading and writing and lecturing, by which he obtained his livelihood, for plain living

he had been born and bred

in

poverty

and received nothing by inheritance. To two successive generations of his countrymen, in his lectures, addresses

and published

writings, he gave,

time to

time, the

reading,

study,

He

read

rich

and

everything

fruits

from

of his

contemplation.

good,

but

Shakespeare, Plato, Plutarch, Goethe,


Bacon, Swedenborg and Montaigne seem to have been his favourite authors.

He

remembered what he read

people do, and

made

as few

notes of whatever

impressed him, which furnished the material

those

for

illustrations

and

copious

of which

his

apt

works are

full.

Though he

severed his connection

with the churches he certainly had a religion of his

own which

spiritualized him.

knew him

well

and

exalted

and

Dr. Holmes,

who

is

one of

most

his

"

appreciative biographers, says

:

His

creed was a brief one, but he carried

everywhere with him. in all he said, and, so signs could show, in

the indwelling

guide

:

spirit

through

all 12

In

all

far as all all

was

he

it

did,

outward

his thoughts, his light

and

nature he looked


up

Nature's

to

not worship the the

God man

;

and

if

he did

Christ Jesus as

Churches of Christendom have

done, he

followed

His

footsteps

so

nearly that our

good Methodist, Father Taylor, spoke of him as more like Christ than any man he had known."

The

great influence which,

wisdom and

spotless

life,

by

his

he rapidly

acquired and maintained to the end, certainly

had

a

marked

effect

in

mitigating the rigid tone of dogmatism

from

he

which

revolted.

Dean

Stanley, on his return from America, " is said to have reported that religion

had there passed through an evolution from Edwards to Emerson, and that the genial atmosphere which

had

done

shared by

so all

much

to

Emerson

promote

the churches equally/'

is


The same by

pressed

that

spirit,

im

Methodism, was so

of

apostle

Father Taylor, a great

his

and

pure

when

some

exalted

of

his

Methodist friends took him to task for

his

maintaining

with

friendship

Emerson, on the ground that, being a Unitarian, he must go to a place not to

be mentioned

in

"It does look

replied,

sure of one thing

go

;

society,

so,

but

he

am

I

Emerson does

if

he

that place

to

good

will

change the

climate there, and emigration will set that way."

Of

his

possible

prose writings,

to

say

how

more than was

is

it

said

by Matthew Arnold, who judged him very critically, and cannot be said to have favour

exaggerated

anything

What

is

?

he says

this

in :

his


6

my

As

Wordsworth's poetry is in judgment the most important

work done

in verse in

during the present

our language

"so Emer

nineteenth, of course), son's Essays are,

I

(the

century,"

most

think, the

important work done in prose."

His busy brain was never driving pen was never idle, quent

courses,

his

and

his elo

dis

and

entertaining

was heard by

his country

with ever increasing delight and

satisfaction.

trust

in

these

absolute

Self-reliance,

his

convictions,

of

lectures,

profound,

instructive,

men

in

voice,

still,

own

and a in

and

conscience fearless

conduct

following

and

action,

wherever they might lead, were the constant guides of his

he

never

failed

to

own

urge

life

;

upon

and his


and

hearers

same

to

appealed always to the higher, motives,

highest,

our

of

sions

never

content

peat what

to

was re

men had

said

and

in

subject

own

which

conclusions,

The wide

hand,

thoughts

he evolved

from his own inner

which alone he looked

tion.

and and

except to illustrate his

fearlessly

in

discover

to

the

pas

moral,

spiritual,

other

on

thought

instincts,

nature,

and

tellectual

and

pursue the

path.

He the

readers

light,

for inspira

scope of subjects

which he treated embraced the whole range of pirations.

to

human

conduct and as

His mission was

stimulate

and

life,

private

and life

elevate

of

the

America

higher and nobler plane. 16

to arouse,

public to

a


He

answer

to

began

"

Smith's

question

cynical

four quarters of the globe

book

American

an the

Sydney

in

way

?."

In

the

who

reads

and

led

American

rescuing

from the sluggish and torpid been in which it had long

literature

stream

confined. in a

He

lived to see

and

refreshed

whole of our national peculiar gift

inspire those

letters,

question

animated

life.

and function

him or followed of

flowing

broad and ever widening current,

which

and

it

who

after

It

was

to

laboured with

him

be

quarters of the globe,

his

to stimulate

in the field

and before he died the

came

the

"

real

In the four

who does

not

read American books and recognize

American

As

"

ideas

?

time went on his books found


and

admiring

thoughtful

men and

many

sympathetic

readers

among

women

in

England, and

in

foreign

whose many languages they were translated, and the Emerson cult became very widely spread. countries into

Herman Grimm Berlin

" :

America

wrote to him from

Whenever think

I

of

you,"

and

many

serious

have no doubt that

to

and earnest souls

many

name first

of our

I

lands, the

young Republic suggests

the image of this profound thinker

and stimulating I

in

of

think

I

teacher.

confess that of

whom

I

always

first

and

find

;

the authors with

have become

familiar, I

him

and

to

for light

him more

instructive,

other

all

turn

leading,

suggestive,

more

more awakening than any

there

but

are iS

few subjects


dealing with the conduct of

life,

or the

man, or the study of nature, of which he has not treated more or duties of

less directly

;

and anyone who has

up such a

take

the

subject for

time, cannot begin better than

to

first

by turn

ing to his pages to see what he has said about

it.

President Eliot, of Harvard, in a carefully prepared essay, quite

of

Emerson

himself,

read in

on the centennial of

his

worthy Boston

birth,

has

demonstrated that Mr. Emerson was

advance of his time on many moral, social, and political questions,

far in

and

that

sagacity

he indicated, with singular

and

their future

actually

the course of

foresight,

development

occurred

so

as the

that

same

although

the ranks of the prophets are closed


against him,

we may well

American thought.

as the forerunner of

He in the

but

took part in any con

rarely

troversies,

describe him

many were

although

raised

path of his advancing progress,

left

them

others, while

to

be fought out by

he kept the even tenor

of his way, thinking and teaching

He

cherished with

unfaltering

still.

hope

and confidence the noblest aspirations ifor his country, and uniformly predicted its

ultimate success

and triumph

in

those better things that constitute true civilization

but he never hesitated to

;

his

countrymen shortcomings, which stood scourge

for

their

in the

way

of their reaching the final goal of his

high

ideal.

with effect

This he could always do and authority, because he

stood aside from

politics, 20

and because


commanded

courage and virtue

his

universal reverence.

He

generous and telling

lent the

and opinion the cause of reform, but sometimes

influence of his character to

turned

a

rather

cold

practical reformers,

methods

tumble with

In

his

great

was like

crises,

stirred,

and

to

whose rough and were at variance

and

gentle

shoulder

retiring

however,

spirit.

soul

his

voice rang out

his

a megaphone across the land.

In his address

at

Concord

in

memoration of Emancipation

West

com

in the

Indies he concluded with these

prophetic words "

The

is

the

:

sentiment of Right, once very low and indistinct, but ever more articulate because it

Freedom. things

of the

Universe, pronounces

The Power

that built this fabric of

voice

affirms

it

in

the 21

heart

;

and

the

in C


history of the First of to the ages, of

His

August has made a sign

will."

Within twenty years from that utter ance, Lincoln had signed the pro clamation which freed all the slaves America, and the vast Empire of Russia had no longer a slave within

in

its

borders.

When Sumner

was struck down

in

the Senate for words spoken in debate,

he declared "

The

:

events of the

last

few years and

months and days have taught us the lessons I think we must get rid of of centuries. slavery or

When

we must

attempt was

the

force slavery

I

wish

is

to

we

:

man who is Send home every

could stop every

about to leave the country.

one who

made

upon Kansas by armed

might, he said "

get rid of freedom."

abroad

lest 22

they should find no


country to return to. at home while there

When

it

is

lost,

it

Come home and

stay a country to save. will be time enough for is

any who are luckless enough to remain alive, to gather up their clothes and depart to some land where

When cipation

Freedom

exists."

was

"The

actually signed, he said

first

condition of success

is

We have

putting ourselves right.

in

Eman

the Proclamation of

:

secured

recovered

ourselves from our false position and planted ourselves on a law of Nature.''

"If that

The And "

pillared

firmament

is

fail,

rottenness,

Earth's base built on stubble."

The Government

has assured

best constituency in the world.

of intellect, every ligious heart, every

virtuous

man

itself

of the

Every spark

feeling,

every re

of honor, every poet,

every philosopher, the generosity of the

cities,

the health of the country, the strong arms of

mechanic, the endurance of farmers, the passionate conscience of women, the sympathy the

of distant nations,

all rally 23

to

its

support."


When said of "

Lincoln was struck

him

:

his

By

down he

his

courage,

justice,

his

even

humanity, he stood a heroic figure in the centre of a heroic temper,

his

epoch.

He

fertile

is

his

counsel,

the true history of the American

Step by step he walked people in his time. before them slow with their slowness quicken ;

;

ing his march by theirs

;

the true representative

of this continent, an entirely public man, father of his country

;

the pulse of twenty millions

throbbing in his heart, the thought of their

minds articulated by

his tongue.

Only Wash

ington can compare with him in fortune."

Scouted

at first as a mystic

dreamer, Ralph

long

enough

Waldo Emerson

to

receive

homage

of the confidence

of

countrymen.

his

him

for

his

and a lived

the general

and

affection

They honored

dauntless

courage,

his

sublime devotion to what he believed to

be the truth and the

right, his clear


and controlling conscience, his wisdom of which they garnered the ripe fruits, and

his life-long

the

standard

of

and

morals,

endeavour to elevate their

literature,

manners.

ad

They

mired his unfaltering patriotism, and

sympathy with human which no time could limit and

ardent

his

nature,

no

could

continent

loved

him

nature and

for his life,

bound.

They

sweet and simple

his serene

and

spotless

modest and unassuming manners, and, most of all, because he

character, his

loved

them, and

spent

his

life

in

thinking and working for their highest welfare.

Heart and soul he was

of sunshine

;

he shed

its

beams

full all

about him and saw and revealed only the bright side. I

rejoice

that this

striking

image


him has found an abiding-place this noble building, the home and

of in

and good work. I congratulate Mr. Passmore Edwards and Mrs. Humphry Ward on ac centre of a great

quiring this bust as a fitting ornament

of this

whose Library I

am

books

and know

on

influence.

If

depends on what you

you read only

for

light

inspiration, faith

for ideas

and for

in

But

and information,

leading,

love

God

dis

or for oblivious

don't touch Emerson.

you seek

and

many

minds nothing but a elevating and inspiring

It all

for.

languor,

for

be found.

that they will exer

sipation of thought,

if

will

their

wholesome,

read

his

sure that they will reach

readers, cise

on the shelves of

Institute,

of

and

for

real

country, faith

in


man,

them

find

will

you

in

all

him.

Three years of

Fame

when

ago,

"

The '

for

Great Americans

Hall

was

established in the University of

New

York by

of a

citizen,

the

the

lavish

name

generosity

Emerson came

of

out from the public election, confirmed

by the votes of the council, as the eighth among famous native-born Americans of all the

past.

The seven

who preceded him were Washington, Lincoln,

Webster,

Marshall, Jefferson, of the greatest as a pure

the

man

hearts

there to the

Franklin, all

affairs.

of

of

we may be

letters,

his

men

Grant,

of affairs,

But Emerson, stood

first

in

countrymen, and

content to leave

judgment of posterity.

him



V:


THIS

BOOK

IS DUE ON THE LAST DATE STAMPED BELOW

RENEWED BOOKS ARE SUBJECT TO IMMEDIATE RECALL

12 JUL

'62 HMD

I

6

LIBRARY, UNIVERSITY

OF CALIFORNIA, DAVIS

Book SJip-20m-8,'61(C1623s4)458


PAMPHLET BINDER Syracuse, N.. ,

Y

'

Stockton,, Calif'

C5

241285



Turn static files into dynamic content formats.

Create a flipbook
Issuu converts static files into: digital portfolios, online yearbooks, online catalogs, digital photo albums and more. Sign up and create your flipbook.