Richard Rolle of Hampole - The Form of Perfect Living and other Prose Treatises, 1910

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form

of perfect and

otber prose ^Treatises.



jform of perfect TLiving and

other Iptose treatises. BY

RICHARD ROLLE, OF HAMPOLE, A.D. 1300-1349.

RENDERED INTO MODERN ENGLISH BY

GERALDINE LECTURER

IN

HODGSON,

E.

EDUCATION

IN

LONDON

THOMAS BAKER,

72,

D.Lrrx.,

THE UNIVERSITY OF BRISTOL.

:

NEWMAN 1910.

LIBRARY

I

S


PRINTED BY W. ST.

C. HEMMONS, STEPHEN STREET,

BRISTOL.


Love

is

a

life,

joining together the loving

and the loved."

Truth

may

be without love, but

help without

it

cannot

it."

RICHARD ROLLE (The

Form

of Perfect Living, ch. x.).

V.



preface.

T

not intended for those

who

are acquainted with Anglo-Saxon

and

HIS book

is

Middle English

;

but for those who care for religious

and

devotional thought, of our forefathers.

My

the

thought,

specially

the

one aim has been to make a portion of that thought

accurately

intelligible

to

modern

readers, with the greatest possible saving of

trouble to them.

When

I

could use the old

word or phrase, with certainty I

understood, not,

I

have done

have replaced

equivalent

I

it

so.

of its being

When

I

could

with the best modern

could find or invent.

In ex-

tenuation of the occasional use of Rolle's vii.


viii.

preface. "

expression,

by

their lone," I

may

urge

its

expressiveness, the absence of an equivalent,

and the

fact that

may

it

Where

remote places.

be heard in

still

I

possible,

have

re-

tained the archaic order of the original Text

Such irregular constructions, as of a singular

sentence, I

have

pronoun

and

left

the use

in the first half of a

of a plural in the second half,

unaltered

;

for the

In short,

perfectly clear. to

e.g.,

.

make Richard

I

meaning was

have endeavoured

Rolle as he was as significant

as possible to English

to-day as they are,

men and women

when they

are not pro-

fessed students of English language.

an undertaking,

it is

obvious that

of

I

In such

must have

presented endless vulnerable places to the learned.

I

can only repeat that the book was

never meant for them, but for those will

perhaps forgive

me

if

I

describe

who them


ix.

preface.

as specialists in religious thought rather than in English

Language.

The rendering

is

made from

the texts

printed by Professor Horstman in his Library of Early English Writers

Richard Rolle of

:

Hampole an English Father

of the

GERALDINE The University, S.

Bristol,

Mary Magdalene,

1910.

E.

Church.

HODGSON.


Contents* PAGE. Preface

vii.

Introduction

The Form

.

.

the

.

.

.

xi.

.

.

.

.

I

(a Mirror of Discipline).

Arundel MS.)

On

Grace.

An

Epistle on Charity

Contrition

.

.

of Perfect Living

Our Daily Work (From

.

the

(From

.

.

.

Arundel MS.)

.

.

83

.

.

169 185

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

190

.

.

.

.

192

Scraps from the Arundel MS.

x.

.


Jntrobuction,

ROLLE

of

Hampole

is

the

RICHARD earliest in time of our famous English Born

Mystics.

1349,

about 1300, he died in

in or

seven years after Mother Julian of

Norwich was born.

Walter Hilton died

in

1392.

An given

exhaustive account of Rolle's Vol.

in

ii.

of

Professor

life

is

Horstman's

Edition of his works, a book unfortunately

out of print. in a brief

Benson's

"

The main

Life

A Book

"

facts are recorded

appended to Fr. R. Hugh

of the

fore, it will suffice to

Love

of

JESUS.

There-

say here that Richard

Rolle seems to have been born at Thornton,

near Pickering, in Yorkshire, in or about xi.


xii.

1300

3ntrofcuction.

;

that, finding the

atmosphere of Oxford

University uncongenial, he

left

some four years was supported,

by the Dalton Family. time,

through

self-denial,

of mystical dulcor,

prayer,

it,

and

for

as a hermit,

the end of that

By

and

contemplation

he had attained the three stages life

which he describes as

canor

(heat,

The next period

sweetness,

of his life

was

calor,

melody.) less

easy.

Having left the protection of the Daltons, and being without those means of subsistence

which are within the reach of priest

monk, this hermit depended for his daily bread on other men's kindness. Not that

or

he was a useless person utility of

counsel

a

life

and

:

apart from the

of Prayer, he could point to

exhortation

given

;

existence of converts consequent ministrations.

To add

to

the

upon

his

to his difficulties, he

preached a doctrine of high pure selflessness with which, the average man, in

all

times,


xiii.

Sntrotwction. seems to have no abundant sympathy to

crown

a

sensitive

forced

all

him

those "

remarkable

into public notice his

him is

The

disciples of Christ."

not

peculiarly severe to

and

themselves

called

were

ease or popularity.

enemies

his

gifts

his cast of

;

temperament

Horstman

among

who

His

temper.

calculated to win

Professor

and

he was endowed by nature with

and

thought

:

detractors

followers

and

insertion here of

would introduce a jarring moreover, the raked embers of past

this painful passage

note

;

seldom

controversy

improvement

tend

to

of the present.

the

An

spiritual

interesting

judgment by Professor Horstman on Rolle's place in mysticism

too long for quotation

is

but the following sentence the pith of

it

" :

was mainly the scholasticism.

may

;

be taken as

His position as a mystic

result of the

The

growth of the brain

development of

exuberant

in the

luxuriant

system of Scotus


xiv.

3ntro&uction.

called forth the reaction of the heart, this reaction

who

as

is

embodied

exclusively

in

Richard Rolle,

represents

the

;

side

and

feeling as Scotus that of reason

consequence

and

either lacking the

of

logical

corrective

of the other element." It is consoling to

know

that Rolle's last

years were passed in peace, in a

cell,

near a

monastery of Cistercian nuns at Hampole, where the nuns supported him, while he .acted as their spiritual adviser.

In the book mentioned above, Fr.

Benson has translated some

of

Hugh

Richard Rolle's

Poems, and certain devotional Meditations. In this Volume, four of his Prose Treatises

have been selected from the in the belief that they

rest of his works,

may supplement

those

parts of Rolle's writings with which, those

who

are interested in these phases of thought,

are already familiar.

The

first,

The Form

of Perfect Living, is


xv.

Jntrofcuction.

a Rule of Life which he wrote for a nun of

Anderby, Margaret Kirkby, of

Horstman

fessor

writes

"

whom

Pro-

She seems to have

:

been his good angel, and perhaps helped to

smooth down ship

was

his ruffled spirits. it

lasting

lasted

to

This friendtheir

lives'

ends."

This treatise was written of course to meet the It

of

requirements

"

the

"

has seemed expedient,

because

mentary, then, to put next to

Our Daily

Life,

"

are

give

pause to some

criticise it

in the

the

it

his

which was meant

who

world

" ;

supple-

work on

for those

and which may

who might

first hastily,

life.

religious

otherwise

perhaps condemning

as unpractical, or even objectionable in a

world where, after drink and

all,

men must

eat

and

and where some, therefore must provide the necessary means. Most intensely

live,

practical

is

this

second

treatise,

and perhaps nowhere more so than when

it


xvi.

Jntrofcuction.

meets the needs of those who are inclined to straws over the definition of the word

split

"

What

good."

to

love

people

doubt about

do

and not

such

action ? " like

"

stay

An

his reply.

in itself,

GOD

good

jesting for

an

Richard Rolle has no manner of

answer."

to

a

inquire,

sometimes

Pilate,"

good

is

i.e.,

in its

so he

own

would

action^

must be

tell us,

pleasing

But the matter

nature.

by no means ends there for him. This good must be performed, and it is this ^action which

is,

entirely

now

for

palpably,

now

subtly, hard

the sake of goodness,

without

the slightest taint of self-seeking, of vanity, of secret satisfaction that

men

are,

we

are not as other

not even as this Pharisee or this

Publican.

Such a motive, inspiring each person's whole work, would surely go far to remove

what

is

known

as the Social Problem.

It

would make many a house the dwelling of


xvii.

Jntrobuction.

a business-place an abode of

many

peace,

honour. Rolle's

If

we could

get back to Richard

and

simplicity

faith, then, his goal,

to

his

even the acquisition of

might seem to

perfect love,

unmovable

of us less

all

distressingly remote.

The present rendering has been taken from the longer and more elaborate of the two

MSS.

they

have been added

may meet

There

is,

in the

the need of

or active as they

Treatise.

work On Grace and

shorter form of his Epistle

the

containing

may his

among

all,

The the

hope that

contemplative

chance to be.

voluminous writings,

a curious and interesting Revelation concerning Purgatory, purporting to be a

dream

about

Purgatory.

one,

Amidst

much

Dante,

are

thrown upon our

many

ways

in

horror,

described

quaint

forefathers'

soul

natural

not however exceeding that there

a

Margaret,

woman's

by

side-lights

of thought

;


xvhi.

as

3ntrofcuction.

when Margaret's

.., <J *

one

\J

against the fiend,

scale,

worm

long

worm

soul

is

weighed

and a great

with him/' in the other

of conscience, in fact.

in

\-s

"

;

the

But the work

has not been included in this volume,

lest it

should prove wholly unprofitable to a generation

which

if it

sin, is easily

suggestions

be not readily disturbed by

and quickly shocked by crude its

concerning

quences and reward.

They

possible will find

conse-

enough,

perhaps, in the treatise on Daily Work. If

in

any one should think that

there,

and

one portion of the treatise on Grace, Rolle

has dwelt harshly on considerations of fear, rather than on those of love, he

\

make

must not

the mistake of^ concluding that these

admonitions represent the whole of Catholic teaching on the point. differ,

and

tempers,

them.

teachers, meeting these various

differ

Side

Men's temperaments

by

in

their

side with

modes

of

helping

Richard Rolle

may


3ntrotwctton. be put the words of

what tian

is

S.

Francis Xavier, in

perhaps the most beautiful of Chris-

hymns

:

My

GOD,

I

I

hope

for

love

Thee

;

not because

heaven thereby, love Thee not

Nor yet because who Are

Not

lost eternally.

for the

hope

of gaining aught,

Not seeking a reward But as Thyself hast lov^d me, ;

ever-loving Lord

!

Moreover, no reader of the Epistle on Charity can entertain any doubt as to whether

our English Mystic understood the mystery ^,

,_/

of limitless love.

no doubt, easy to complain, as we

It is

read certain passages, that Richard Rolle's

recommendations original

:

but

as familiar,

we

if

new

nor

instead of dismissing

them

are

neither

tried to put

we should perhaps have

them into practice,

less leisure for idle


xx.

Jntrotmction.

criticism of others,

and ourselves be

less evil

and tiresome people.

On

the other hand, the accusation

may

be brought that he proposes an impossibly high aim.

No

devotion as

is

The Form

doubt, in such a pitch of suggested,

of Perfect Living,

they find extravagance

was

this

same

:

in ch.

e.g.,

but no doubt

made

Saints,

it

SS.

inspired

and the other Apostles which up the Early Church which Martyrs and Confessors

Peter and Paul,

which built

of

some may think

which

spirit

viii.

;

;

;

suggested such apparently forlorn hopes as that of S. Augustine of Canterbury, when, to bring

them the Gospel

bearded the rough ing

to

Robert

of

Men

of

JESUS

of Kent,

his

habit,

though

later,

of these sturdy pagans. too, the spirit

and (accord-

Brunne) reaped, as

immediate reward, a string of on

Christ, he

It

fishtails

his

hung

the conversion

was doubtless,

which inspired the best men


xxi.

Jntrobuction.

and women

the English Church, before

in

they began to confuse the spheres of Faith

and Reason, and to disregard warning about the

human language

S.

difficulty of expressing in

that which

is

" truly

comprehensible,"

incomprehensible

old

the

(<

as

sense,

Immensus

sus

in

Pater,

Spiritus

Hilary's

Athanasian

immensus

sanctus

Filius,

in

immen-

indeed,

till,

the

Symbol,

" ;

in-

men

forgot, for all practical purposes that infinity

transcends the grasp of as

well

as

in

placidly

finite

minds

(in fact,

accepted and then

immediately neglected theory)

;

and can be

apprehended only, and that imperfectly, by the best aspirations of a heart, set of fixed

purpose on that high goal.

To

the

business

modern Englishman, immersed in anxieties, imperial interests and

domestic cares, the invitation repeated so often

by

supremely,

Richard

may seem

Rolle,

to

love

incalculably unreal

GOD and


3ntrofcuction. remote, even though he might hesitate to confess

it

man who

But what

baldly.

if

the English-

GOD, were also the greater And what answer does his-

so loved

Englishman

?

tory return to that plain question "

?

Professor Horstman " was one of the does not hesitate to write

Richard

Rolle,"

most remarkable men history.

It is

of his time,

yea, of

a strange and not very credit-

able fact that one of the greatest of English-

men

has hitherto been doomed to oblivion.

In other cases, the

and then

human

beast

glorifies or deifies

the nobler minds,

who swayed by

the Spirit, do

others live, in

quest

of

which to benefit the race

first crucifies,

not live

as

ideals

by

higher ;

he, one of the

noblest champions of humanity, a hero, a saint, a

martyr in

his resurrection yet

this cause has

never had

a forgotten brave.

And

yet, he has rendered greater service to his

country, and to the world at large, than

all


xxiii.

3ntrofcuction.

names

the great

^He rediscovered

of his time.

He

Love, the principle of Christ. feeling,

the spring of

life

reinstalled

which had been

He

obliterated in the reign of scholasticism.

re-opened the inner eye of man, teaching

contemplation in solitude, an unworldly in abnegation, in chastity, in charity

He broke

life .

.

.

the hard crust that had gathered

round the heart

of Christianity,

and

and restored the

exteriority,

by formalism free flow of

spiritual life."

This passage, to those

who

feel

that there

has been no age since the Birth of Christ when the

great

principles

been wholly

lost,

of

religious

life

and who remember that

Richard Rolle lived in the age of Dante,

seem overstated. at least,

and

have

But

it

shews

for that reason

is

may

sufficiently

quoted here,

what a great Englishman he was, and what a debt his unaware countrymen owe him a ;

debt which they could pay in the

way most


3ntrotwctton. to

him, by listening to his words.

may

be remarked, by the way, that

grateful It

Rolle

not inclined to substitute individual-

is

ism for the authority of the Church

a

;

change which has been brought against some There

mystics.

is

immense emphasis

laid,

all

through his writings, on the importance

of

conduct.

The penetrating

The Form

ch. vi, of

possible sins

in

analysis,

of Perfect Living, of the

humanity can commit on

its

journey through the wilderness of this world,

lighted

excuse

But

it

a

leaves

hardly ;

lets

all

human

;

the

the

soul

in

taken for granted.

heart

un-

shift, twist

conscience

has the Church as

background individual

of

not one possible

the

of

corner

its

go

or

free.

immediate

Mystical Body,

not

the

isolation,

is

Man

not to himself

lives

everywhere

nor dies to himself, even though he be Richard Rolle the hermit, or Margaret Kirkby the recluse, that is the plain teaching of

these


xxv.

3ntrotwctfon. plain-speaking pages. too

a tough

is

And

all

through them

common sense, and an unusually

and there is power of observation perhaps an element of that business capacity, alert

;

which some of the Saints and Mystics have shewn, in his inclusion among of

!<

"

beginning a thing that "

might

;

for in that there

is

deed

sins of is

"

above our

not only pride,

but a kind of stupid incapacity surely. It is quite possible that Rolle's

to repetition may tire any one him " straight on," as the phrase is

who

reads

But

is.

it

doubtful whether that be the best means

of approach.

If

he be read in

prove far more effective hit the right nail

wonderfully his

tendency

:

and

he

bits,

his ability to

on the head, and to

hard,

may

will

occasionally

hit it

bring

words home to our immediate circum-

stances with an appositeness that

may

be

more than a coincidence. In the past, the learned and ignorant


3ntrotwction. alike

have been guilty of the operation which

may

be described as cutting

parts

:

i.e.,

him now if

as

he were

if

he were

all feeling

allotted, as

if

it

all intellect,

has

part

generally

were the handmaid instead

In other quarters, the onslaught

made on

intellect.

Men

humble, to become- as were

suppressed, intellects

little

;

as

children in

if

;

as

GOD

!

if

in-

thinking

the odd, though

assumption that children have

had any ground

in fact.

It is

surely a true apostrophe "

is

are bidden to be

any humility

correctly or not at all

no

there

indeed they be allowed any place

if

all.

there

And

some quarters, a tendency to the will and the feelings to an inferior

relegate

at

been

in

still,

plane,

then as

while to the will a kind

;

of the master of the other two. is

into

they have been inclined to treat

intermediate

of

man up

Thou

art

Mind should be

mind

!

Unto the master-mind,

precious."


3ntrotwction.

The Angelic Doctor himself paid a tribute the importance and special difficulties of

to

intellect,

with

it

and will

also to the necessity of uniting

" :

the

had greater

martyrs

merit in faith, not receding from the faith for persecutions

;

and

likewise

have greater merit from the faith or

heretics

Rolle,

of

men

not* receding

faith,

for the reasons of philosophers

alleged

on the same

following

division

would so

:

the

whole being

fain see offered to

by Margaret Kirkby,

are

"

in

the world,"

Work was

written.

for

Richard

it."

against

Thomas Aquinas, has nothing of

of learning

lines

as

S.

of this spirit is

what he

GOD, whether

it

be

by those who whom Our Daily

or

In the image of

GOD

was man made, and therefore GOD suffices for all the needs of man's nature that, at least :

seems to be the underlying idea when Rolle writes *

" :

GOD

is

light

Quoted by Fr. Joseph Rickaby,

and burning.

Light

S.J., in Scholasticism, p. 121.


3ntrofcuction. clarifies

our reason, burning kindles our will."

May we

not say here too

joined

together,

that

"

?

let

What GOD has not man put

asunder."

Above

things, Rolle aims at a perfect

all

balance, culminating in a

harmony ruled by

and that the greatest

one power,

Real love, he asks

world, Love.

men

degraded things to which

the

not the

;

give

that

name, as to every passing gust of

great

feeling, to

every unworthy untamed emotion

but the divine quality, when to the ness,"

which

in

which he

inner

the "

is

requires,

Love

sacrifice.

is

life,"

lasting-

also joined that

is

essence

a

:

"

of

Love,

he writes,

viz.,

" join-

loving and the loved." ing together And then he remembers the other great gift

the

to

intellectual

men,

inspired

all

star-paved place

"

who

way

and due

:

sincerity,

follow Truth

which

has

along her

"

and he gives to that its " Truth may be without love ;

:


3ntrofcuction.

but

cannot help without

it

the whole tale the Saints

"

not

mentality

it

:

involves

than

directions ~

f

the

;

then,

way

of

Primrosed and hung with

Love, with Rolle,

shade."

more

is

not complete

is

Even

it."

no easy

is

sacrifice in

definite

one

demands

it

;

senti-

thought, perseverance, supernatural strength, natural strenuousness of

enjoyment

;

not a

is

it

selfish

circumambient atmosphere

a

wrapping humanity, without responsibility or " Love is a Life." effort of its own :

"

Love," he writes, "is a perfection of

learning

truth

;

virtue

;

of

prophecy

help of sacraments

wit and knowledge

dying men.

life

of

we

suffer to

riches

;

So,

be slain

;

much

as

fruit

of

establishing of of

how good if we give

have (down) to a beggar's as

;

;

staff

men may know on

:

pure love all if

men is.

that

:

If

we

we know

earth, all this

naught but ordained sorrow and torment." Then, with that sound sense, which is not is


xxx.

Jntrofcuction,

the least element in the

"

common

too

judging one another

sin,

thou wilt ask how good

If

how much he can

of his attractive-

he utters a subtle warning against that

ness, all

sum

tell.

For

heart, that

I

hold

it

and that no man

:

judge a man's

folly to

it

cannot be necessary to say that "

a true mystic.

is

he or she, ask

is

none knows save GOD."

After this Rolle

or she loves

us in this same chapter

Many," so he "

x.,

not

suffice his

not

"good"

And

tells

Many speak and But that

do good, and love not GOD."

all filled

:

will

A man

exacting demands.

is

until his interior disposition "Be

and taken up with pure love

of

GOD.

as he analyses the Christian Character,

a pleasant blunt directness about " he that says he loves GOD this holy man there

is

:

and tell

will

not do what

him that he

is

in

to

shew

love,

lies."

It is possible that the

of the

him

heart, in chapter

alarming vi'.,

list

may

of sins

give the


3ntrofcuction.

and even the heedful matter

heedless

as

grave thought,

with

ejaculating

can

tell

how

me from my

each one finds himself "

fear

spontaneous

he offendeth

oft

for

Who

Cleanse thou

?

secret faults."

Surely no one need fear that the outcome of a study of

Richard Rolle

Not that that indeed tion

the English

of

be effeminacy.

the special tempta-

is :

will

a

chill

commonplace

a

in

convenient, if " hope that somehow things will

acquiescence

is

right,"

than any wonderful

far

"

more

likely to lead

burning yearning to delight

O

England,

full of sin,

absorption of the mystic It

is,

so

it

is

seems, as

all

them astray

GOD

with a Is

not

still ?

but most of sloth

Nor can any one argue ness.

come

and certainty."

George Herbert's cry apposite "

baseless,

" !

fairly that this

just selfish idle-

we read

Rolle' s

injunctions, of the nature of hard exacting toil.

No

doubt, there must be those

who do


3ntrofcuction. the material

work

of the world

other things, those

among

;

who

"

"

goods

gain,

which

go to support the Mystics. But there will be no lack of such workers, through the inroads of religion life

the broad ways of daily

;

are in no danger of contracting suddenly

in to the

natural

path to the

life itself is

strait gate.

Moreover,

a poor thing unsupported

by an unseen stream

of

spiritual refection.

Here, as elsewhere in the ordered economy of things,

two forms It

plementary.

wrote

" :

If

of is

life

true,

Society

religion, there

are found to be

is

must be

as

Dr.

to be

com-

Bigg once

permeated by

reservoirs of religion

up among the which feed the pipes by which water is

like those great storage places hills

We

shall

need a special class of students of GOD,

men

carried to every

home

in the city.

and women whose primary and absorbing interest it is to work out the spiritual life in all its

purity and integrity."* *

Wayside

Sketches,

p.

It is 135.

indeed


3ntrobuctton.

condemns such

the idlest of criticism that

people as slothful or

There

one charm in our own Mystics

is

which we

selfish.

may

miss in S. John of the Cross

or S. Teresa for example

viz.,

;

that with

all

an amazing reality and simplicity down at the bottom of it, which may seem to us not present in the rhapsodies their zeal, there

of

is

also

more southern

probability

lovers

such seeming

is

all

purely racial.

we may be thankful

Nevertheless,

in

though

;

we

if

find

the antidote to our national prosaic ways in the sane zeal of others of our nation. Lastly, as

perhaps

by

selflessness

how can can

and condemned life,

even

untainted

pure

which Richard Rolle writes

of

How

?

This

despair.

almost glibly,

now

men read, they may be overcome

it

be possible here and

men and women,

to the dusty

ways

of

fixed in

common

unable as they are to leave the world if

they would,

how can they

so

much


3ntrofcuctton. as

dream

of such unattainable heights

them

there no help for lines of

in the often

a later English Mystic "

Who

Shoots higher

Is

?

quoted

?

aimeth at the sky

much than he who means

a tree."

For plain men and women, the key to the problem

may

in

lie

the

question

put by

Robert Browning into the mouth of Innocent XII. :" Is this our ultimate stage, or starting place

To

try man's foot,

if it

will creep or climb,

'Mid obstacles in seeming, points that prove

who

vaults from low to high,

Advantage

for

And makes

the stumbling-block a stepping-stone

Even though the

"

goal be not reached,

to have willed deliberately here the

may

?

first

step

prove to have been not wholly un-

availing.


form

of

perfect

OLi\nn$.



dForm of perfect bs

IRicbarb IRolle.

CHAPTER every sinful

man and woman

IN bound in deadly The

sin,

first is

:

Default of ghostly strength.

they can neither stand

their heart,

against

temptations of the fiend, nor can they their will to yearn for the love of

follow thereto. desires

:

is

are three wretched-

That they are so weak within that

that

which bring them to the death of

nesses, the hell.

I.

for

stand, they

The second

they have no

fall

into lusts

is

:

will

and

Use

the lift

GOD and of fleshly

nor might to likings of this

and because they think them sweet, they dwell in them still, many till their

world

;


end, and so they

lives'

The

wretchedness.

come

third

is,

to the third

Exchanging a

good for a passing delight

lasting

say they give endless joy for a this

If

life.

penance,

little

joy of

they will turn them and

rise to

GOD

with

will ordain their dwelling

and with holy men.

angels

who

as

:

But because

they choose the vile sin of this world, and

have more delight

in the filth of their flesh

than in the fairness of heaven, they lose both the world and heaven.

JESUS Christ that he

he

is

is,

loses all that

and

all

swine's-meat.

he hath, and

life,

all

For

that he might get.

not worthy of

in His

For he that hath not

nor to be fed with

All creatures shall be stirred

vengeance in the day of Doom.

These

have told you

of are

wretchednesses that

not only in worldly

I

men and women, who

use gluttony, lust, and other open sins

they are also in others

and godly

life.

who seem

in

For the devil that

:

but

penance is

enemy


form

mankind, when he sees a

to all

woman among

man

or a

a thousand, turn wholly to

GOD, and forsake that

of perfect living.

men who

the vanities and riches

all

love this world covet, and

seek lasting joy, a thousand wiles he has in

what manner he may destroy them. And when he can not bring them into such sins which might make

men wonder

all

who knew them, he

beguiles

many

at

them

so privily

that they cannot oftentimes feel the trap that

has taken them.

Some he them

in.

takes with error that he puts

Some with

singular wit,

when he

makes them suppose that the thing that they and therefore they will say or do is best have no counsel of another who is better and ;

abler than they

pride

;

for

such

;

and

this is a foul stinking

man would

set his wit before

Some, the devil deceives through when any have Vain-glory, that is idle joy

all

other.

;

pride

and

delight

in

themselves,

of

the


Gbe form

of perfect

good deeds that are they do, of any virtue that they have penance that they

suffer, of

;

glad

when men

praise them, sorry

when men

blame them, have envy of them who are spoken better of than they. They consider themselves so glorious, and so far surpassing the

life

that other

men

lead, that they think

that none should reprehend

that they do or say

and others who

How

will

mayst thou

such a one

?

;

them

and despise

and

liking in

men,

find a sinfuller wretch than

And

so

much

considered and honoured of

Some

sinful

not do as they bid them.

the worse

because he knows not that he

holy.

in anything

is evil,

men

is

he

and

is

as wise

and

are deceived

by over-great lust meat and drink, when they pass

measure and come into excess, and have

and they know not that and therefore they amend them not,

delight therein

they

sin,

;

and so they destroy virtues are

of soul.

Some

destroyed with over-great abstinence of


jform of perfect living. meat and drink and

That

sleep.

is

often

temptation of the devil, for to make them the midst of their work, so that they

fall in

no ending as they should have done, had they known reason and had dis-

bring

cretion their

to

it

and so they

;

lose

This

frowardness.

their merit

snare

our

for

enemy

when we begin to hate wickedness, and turn us to GOD. Then many begin a thing that they can never more lays to take us with

bring to an end

then they suppose that

:

they can do whatsoever their heart

is

set on.

But oftentimes they fall or ever they come and that thing which they supmidway posed was for them is hindering to them. ;

For we have a long way to heaven, and as

many good as

deeds as

we make, and

we think

as

in truth

many paces we make us

we

do, as

many

many good

thoughts as

and hope and

charity, so

go we heavenwards. so

prayers

weak and

Then,

so feeble that

if

we


6

be

form

of perfect Xi\nn(j.

can neither work nor pray as we should do, nor think, are we not greatly to blame that

when we had most need

fail

And we

well

I

wot that

keep

my

day, and not in a

by the

men

it,

and then

And

wall.

suppose.

makes

an

little lie

it is

For

offering

ing

sleep.

if

his death-

wailing and groaning

much more

S.

peril

than

Jerome says that he

of

robbery

by

who

out-

over-little

And S. Bernard says

" :

Fast-

spiritual goods,

they be done with discretion

without that, they are vices." it is

I

and a short time

and waking hinder not

but help,

Lord,

till

rageously torments his body

meat or

" :

strength to Thee," so that he

might sustain GOD'S service

waste

?

not GOD'S will that

it is

For the prophet says

so do.

shall

to be stalwart

;

Wherefore,

not good to torture ourselves so much,

and afterwards to have displeasure at our deed. There have been many, and are who suppose

it is

naught

all

that they do unless


form

of perfect Xiv>ina.

they be in so great abstinence and fasting that

all

men speak

But oftentimes

it

of

them who know them. more out-

befalls that the

ward joy or wondering they have (on account) of the praising of

men, the

less

within of the love of GOD.

joy they have

By my

judg-

ment, they should please JESUS Christ

much

more

if

they

accepted

for

His

sake

in

thanking and praising Him, to sustain their in His service

body selves

GOD

and to withhold them-

from great speech of men

sent

them

in time

and

themselves since entirely to

whatsoever

and gave the love and the place,

Lord JESUS Christ Who will stalwartly be loved, and lastingly be served, so that their holiness were more seen in praising of that

:

GOD'S eye than in man's. For all the better thou art, and the less speech thou hast of

Ah

men, the more

is

how

worthy of love, and to And what wretchedness it is,

great

it is

be not loved.

thy joy before GOD.

to be

!


8

be

form

to have the

of perfect living*

name and

and be not so

the habit of holiness,

but to cover pride,

;

ire

or

envy under the clothes

of Christ's childhood.

A

to

foul

delight in the

what we he or she

is

;

and

have

liking

are in our soul than they

think. is

is

and

words of men who can no more

deem what we

lower

it

thing

wot

For ofttimes they say that

in the higher degree that

whom

they say Therefore

in the higher.

is

I

is

in the

in the lower,

hold

to be

it

but madness to be gladder or sorrier whether they say good or

ill.

If

we be

trying to hide

us from speech and praise of this world, will

that

shew to us His is

praise,

and our

joy.

GOD For

His joy when we are strength-full to

stand against the privy and open tempta-

and to seek nothing but the honour and praise of Him, and that we tion of the devil,

might entirely praise Him.

And

to be our desire, our prayer

and our

night and day, that the

fire

that ought intent,

of His love kindle


She form

of perfect

Hiving

9

our hearts, and the sweetness of His grace be

our comfort and our solace in weal and woe.

Thou hast now heard a part how deceives,

with his subtle

men and women.

And

if

the fiend

unknowing

craft,

thou wilt do by

good counsel and follow holy teaching, as I hope that thou wilt, thou shall destroy his traps,

and burn

in love's fire all the

that he would bind thee with

and

;

bands all his

malice shall turn thee to joy, and him to

more sorrow.

men

GOD

suffers

for their profit, that

higher

crowned,

when

him

to

they

they,

tempt good

may

be the

through

His

have overcome so cruel an enemy, that oftentimes, both in body and soul, con-

help,

founds

many men.

In three manners, the devil has power to

be in a man.

In one manner, hurting the

good they have by nature, as in dumb men, and in others, staining their thoughts. In another manner, snatching away the good


Gbe Jform

io

of perfect living.

that they have of grace

men whom he of the

and so he

:

in sinful

has deceived through delight

world and of their

them with him

is

flesh,

and leads

In the third manner,

to hell.

he torments a man's body, as we read that he has done

(to) Job.

But wit thee

well,

if

he beguile thee not within, thou needst not

dread what he he

may

to do.

may

do to thee without, for

do no more than

GOD

gives

him leave


iform of perfect Hiving,

CHAPTER

II.

thou hast forsaken the solace

BECAUSE and the thee to solitary tribulation

come

to

joy of this world, and taken life,

for

and anguish

to

that

GOD'S sake to here,

bliss

suffer

and afterwards

which never more

trow truly that the comfort of JESUS Christ, and the sweetness of His love, with ceases, I

the

fire

of the

sin, shall

be in

Holy Ghost, that purges all thee, and with thee, leading

how thou

shalt think,

what thou

shalt work,

thee and teaching thee

how thou

shalt pray,

so that in a few years thou shalt have delight to be

by thy

lone,

and

to speak to

thy Love and thy Spouse JESUS Christ, is

high in heaven, .than

if

more

Who

thou wert lady

here of a thousand worlds.

Men suppose


Gbe Jform

12

we

that

of perfect living.

are in torture

and

in

penance great

;

but we have more joy and more very delight in a

day than they have

life.

see our

They

in the

body

of

many

If

is.

they saw

them would forsake

they have, for to follow

all their

but they see not

:

our heart where our solace that,

world

all

that

Therefore, be

us.

comforted and stalwart, and dread no annoy or anguish

but fasten

:

JESUS, that thy

life

thine intent in

all

be good and convenient

and look that there be nothing should be displeasing to

not soon amend art in,

which

is

it.

Him

The

in thee that

that thou dost

state

solitude, is

which thou

most able of

other to revelation of the Holy Ghost.

when

;

all

For

John was in the Isle of Patmos, then GOD shewed him His secrets. The goodness of

S.

GOD

it is

fully that

that

He

comforts them wonder-

have no comfort of the world,

if

they give their heart entirely to Him, and then He gives covet not nor seek but Him :


Gbe form

of perfect living.

13

Himself to them in sweetness and delight, in

burning of love, and in

joy and

and dwells aye with them, so

that

comfort

the

And

never from them. begin to

soon

err,

of,

He

to such revelation

first

may come

and carefulness

;

departs

way

;

frailty

and

;

all

teaches them.

and grace on the

but through long travel

to love

JESUS

Christ, as

thou

Nevertheless, then he

shall here-afterward.

both

soul,

they any time

if

No man

them

Him

of

the right

that they have need

suffers

their

through ignorance or

He shews them

day

in

melody

to be tempted in sore manners,

waking and

sleeping.

For

aye

the

more temptations and the grievouser they stand against and overcome, the more they shall joy in

His love when they are passed.

Waking, they are sometimes tempted with foul thoughts, vile lusts, wicked delights, with pride,

ire,

and other many.

envy, despair, presumption

But

their

remedy

shall

be

:


be jform of perfect

14

Prayer

Weeping

:

if

things,

:

it

Christ,

Waking. These

:

they be done with discretion, they

put away sin and

make

Fasting

filth

from the

and

soul,

clean to receive the love of JESUS

Who may

not be loved, but in clean-

men

Also, sometimes the fiend tempts

ness.

and women, who are solitary, by in a quaint manner and a subtle

:

figures himself in the likeness of

their love

he trans-

an angel of

and appears to them, and says he is one of GOD'S angels come to comfort them, light,

and so he deceives

But they that

fools.

wise and will not quickly trust to

are

all spirits,

but ask counsel of knowing men, he can not beguile

them.

recluse, that

Also,

I

find

written

was a good woman,

to

of

a

whom

the ill-angel oft-times appeared in the form

good angel, and said that he was come to bring her to heaven. Wherefore, she was

of a

right glad

told

it

and

joyful.

But

to her Shrift-father,

nevertheless, she

and

he, as a wise


She jform man and

of perfect Xiving.

15

When

wary, gave her this counsel.

he comes, he said, bid him that he shew thee our Lady,

S.

Ave Maria.

say said

" :

Thou

When

Mary.

She

he has done

did

it

means she would behoved him

And

forth the fairest

set her

And

do her

:

she said

will,

so quickly, he

woman

and shewed to

her.

said,

say not, because

I

that

or she

brought

came he

hope he

to her.

shall

And

she

Ave Maria.

so quickly all vanished away, after

by

that might be as

on her knees and

shame never

my

;

He saw

see her.

either to

would despise him

to her sight,

fiend

hast no need to see her

presence suffices to thee." all

The

so.

so,

and

for

This

I

have leave to

tempt thee in this manner, but because I will that thou beware, if any such temptation befall thee sleeping or waking, that thou trust not over quickly truth.

More

till

thou knowest the

privily he transfigures himself

into an angel of light

that

commonly

all


1

Gbe jform

6

men

of perfect

when he

tempted with

are

And

under the likeness of good.

One

two manners.

and

over-great ease

is,

when he

hides

that

in

eggs us on to

body, and

rest of

is

ill

soft-

ness to our flesh, for need to sustain our

For such thoughts he puts in us that unless we eat well, and drink well, and

nature.

:

sleep well,

and

lie

soft

and

sit

warm, we can

not serve GOD, nor last in the labour that

But he thinks

have begun.

over-great pleasure.

we

to bring us to

Another

is,

when under

the likeness of ghostly good, he entices us to

sharp and over-great penance, for to destroy " and says thus Thou wot'st well that he who suffers most penance for ourselves

GOD'S

:

;

love,

he shall have most meed.

fore eat little, less,

thee. shirt

and

feeble

the thinnest drink

Reck not

of sleep

thy

flesh,

do

;

and drink

good enough to

is

and the habergeon.

affliction for

meat

There-

wear the

:

hair-

All thing that it

;

is

so that there


Gbe jform

may be none that can pass He that speaks thee thus, with

thee

n

of perfect Xtvins.

over-great

thee in penance.

about to slay

is

abstinence

;

he

as

that said the other to slay thee with overlittle.

Therefore,

posed,

it

we

if

will

and hold our that

theless

service of

it

JESUS

may

and never-

should be stalwart in the Christ.

Also, our

enemy will when we sleep, but

about to beguile us in

is

destroy our

flesh under,

not suffer us to be in rest

then he

dis-

behoves us to set ourselves in a

good mean, and that we vices

be rightly

many man-

ners.

Sometimes, with ugly images, for to

make

us afraid and to

our state

:

make

sometimes with

us hateful of

fair

images, fair

and that seem comfortable; for to make us glad in vain, and make us think we sights

are better than

we

are holy

pride

;

we

are.

and good,

Sometimes,

tells

us

for to bring us into

[sometimes says we are wicked and

sinful for to

make

us

fall

into despair.]

But c


1

8

be jform of perfect Xiving.

He Who

Ordainer of

is

things, suffers not

all

that our sleep be without reward to us, dress our

And

to His Will.

life

thou sinnest not sleeping,

if

we

wit thou

waking thou beest evermore without excess of meat well,

and drink, and without dreams, when he has heart

on them.

some

truth,

man

fore that I will

fell

set their

false.

many

Therefore says the

cares follow dreams

that hoped in them.

;

Where-

thou beest not beguiled with them,

that thou wit that there are six manners

Two

of dreams.

other,

made them

but afterwards beguiled them

that

and they

may

over-empty

The

third

The fourth

is,

no man, holy or they are, if their stomach

are, that

escape

vanities, in sore ing.

But

For he has shewn them

with one that was

be

thoughts.

a one the devil has deceived through

many

wise

ill-

if

:

or

over-full

;

then

many

manners, befall them sleepis

of illusions of our

enemy. of thought before and of


jform of iperfect Xtving. illusions

And

following.

the fifth through

the revelation of the Holy Ghost, that in

many

The

a manner.

sixth

manners, the image of

when they sleep. shall we give faith

done

Holy Church,

In

thus

many dreams touches men

after.

coming

is

of thoughts

is,

before that are due to Christ or revelation

19

But

so

much

the

less

any dream, because we can not wit which is truth, which is false to

;

which

is

Ghost. are

enemy, which For where many dreams of our

many

make

vanities.

is

And many

to err, for they set

so deceive them.

of the

Holy

are, there

they

may

up unwise men, and


20

Gbe Jform

of perfect

CHAPTER

KNOW

I

that thy

GOD.

service of

III.

life

given to the

is

Then

is

it

shame

to

thee, unless thou beest as good, or better,

within thy soul, as thou art seeming in the sight of

Turn

men.

therefore thy thoughts

GOD, as it seems that thou hast done thy body. For I will not that thou shouldest ween that all are holy that have perfectly to

the habit of holiness, and are not occupied

Nor that

with the world.

all

discourse of earthly business. are holy,

what

it

JESUS Christ

not ;

ill

who

But they only

state or degree they be in,

the which despise say, love

are

all

;

and

earthly things, that

and burn

to

in the love of

all their desires

the joy of heaven, and hate

is

all sin,

are set to

and cease


She form

not from good works, and

feel

1

a sweetness in

love without

their heart of the .

2

of perfect luring,

end

and

:

nevertheless, they think themselves vilest of

and hold themselves wretchedest,

all,

and lowest. it

and be

This

is

holy men's

And

holy.

if

what thou

;

follow

thou wilt be in the

what thou

Apostles' reward, think not sookest, but

life

least

despises t.

for-

For they

who

follow JESUS Christ in willing poverty,

and

in

and

meekness,

patience, forsake as

who

how

follow

great

Him

His eyes, and

offerest

much

thy

Him if

:

charity,

and

in

as they can covet

And

not.

and how good

thy vows before set

in

will

for

consider with

thou presentest

on that

He

has

thou with great desire

prayers,

with

great

fervour

Him, and seekest no earthly comfort, but the savour of Heaven, and in desirest to see

contemplation

thereof

hast

thy delight. in His works Wonderfully JESUS lovers, those whom he reaves from the pleasure of flesh


22

abe Jform

of (Perfect Xiving.

and blood through tender love. He makes them to will no earthly thing, and makes

them

rise to

vanities

the solace of Him, and to forget

and

fleshly loves of the world,

to dread no sorrow that

over-great bodily ease

seems to them joy

:

many

many

:

to be solitary they

Now mayst

thou

are worse than they seem,

are better than they seem,

among

to diminish

so that they be not

hindered of that devotion. see that

fall

to suffer for His love,

and

;

have great comfort

:

may

and

and

and namely

those that have the habit of holiness.

Therefore

force

thyself,

in

that

all

thou

mayest, that thou mayest be no worse than

thou seemest.

And

if

thou wilt do as

thee in this short form of living,

through the grace of GOD, that

if

I I

men

teach hope,

hold

thee to be good, thou shalt be well better.


Jform of perfect Xlvina.

CHAPTER

AT

ing to JESUS all

IV.

bow

the beginning then, to thy

Lord JESUS is

the covetousness

thee entirely

That turn-

Christ.

but turning from

else

naught

23

and the

and the

liking

occupations and business of worldly things

and

of fleshly lust

thy

thought,

and

that

of vain love

was

ever

:

so that

downward,

burrowing in the earth, whilst thou wert in the world, fire

;

now should be aye upward

seeking the highest place in heaven,

right to thy Spouse, bliss.

To Him thou and conforms

manners, and to

and debonairness.

all

He

where

sits

art turned,

grace illumines thine heart vices,

like

it

;

to virtues of

His

when His

and forsakes

manner

And

in

all

and good compliance

that thou mayst last


be Jform of perfect

24

and grow

in

the goodness that thou hast

begun without slowness, and irking of thy

have

in

life

sorriness,

thou

four things shalt

;

thy thought,

and

thou beest in perfect

till

For when thou art come thereto, thy

love.

joy and desire will aye be burning in Christ.

One

is

:

measure

the

of thy life here, that

so short that scarcely is live

that

but in a point

may

be.

than a point, lasts

aye.

ending.

we

is

the least thing

soothly, our liken

Another

is

:

For we

anything.

that

And if

it

life

to the

it

it is

is

life

less

that

uncertainty of our

For we wot never when we

shall die,

how we

shall die,

nor where we shall

die,

nor

nor whither we shall go when we are dead

and that GOD us, for

The

He

third

is

:

be uncertain to

wills that this

wills that that

we be aye ready

we

shall

how we have

to die.

answer before the

righteous Judge, for all the time that

been here,

;

lived,

we have

what our

occupation has been and why, and what good


form

of perfect Xiving.

25

we might have done when we have been Therefore said the prophet thee times again," that lent us here for to

is

"He

:

in

grievously

must

punished

for

;

sorrows that

we may,

and

we

that

may

in

be is

be

:

If

fourth

is

:

condemned

unless

that they have

ending.

we

try

while our short time lasts.

that

For they

and

man-

last

shall

all

And

GOD we may

we have

we think how

who

full

one of the greatest

as the thing that

it

in

we waste

vanities,

every time that we think not on

count

has

GOD, and do good to

fully in the love of

that

He

spend in good use, and

love

earthly

has called

every day

penance, and in GOD'S service. it

idle.

lost.

The

great the joy is

in GOD'S love

to their

be brethren and fellows

with angels and holy men, loving and thank-

and seeing the King of Joy in the beauty and in the shining of His majesty. The which sight shall be reward and food, ing, praising

and

all

delights that

any creature may think,


26

be Jform of perfect Xivincj.

and more than any can without end.

It is

tell,

much

to all His lovers,

easier to

that bliss than to describe

come

to

Also think

it.

what pain and what sorrow and tormenting they shall have

who

love not

GOD above

all

things that one sees in this world, but defile their life,

shall

body

in the pleasures

in pride

burn

whom

and

lusts of this

and greed and other

in the fire of hell

they served, as long as

with His servants, that

is

sins

;

they

with the devil

GOD is in heaven

evermore.


form

of perfect Xiving,

CHAPTER WILL

I

V.

that thou beest aye climbing to

JESUS- ward, and

and thy

27

service to

increasing

Him

;

thy love

not as fools do

;

they begin in the highest degree and come

down

to the lowest.

I

say not that

if

thou hast

begun unreasonable abstinence that thou hold it

but for

;

many who were burning

at the

beginning and able to (capable of) the love of

JESUS

Christ, through over-great penance have hindered themselves, and made they themselves so feeble that they cannot love

GOD

as they should.

In the which love that

thou mayest wax aye more and more coveting

and

my

admonition.

I

is

my

consider


28

Ebe Jform

of perfect living.

thee never of the less merit in so great abstinence

thy

thought

;

if

but

thou beest not. if

thou set

how thou mayest

love

all

thy

Spouse JESUS Christ more than thou hast done, then dare

I

waxing not waning.

say that thy reward

is


Jform of perfect living.

CHAPTER

TT THEREFORE, V V

29

VI.

that thou may'st be

rightly disposed both for thy soul

and thy body, thou shalt understand four The first thing is what thing defiles things. :

The second thing what makes him what holds him in cleanThe third

a man.

:

clean.

The fourth

ness. to

:

what thing draws him for

:

ordain his will entirely at GOD'S

the

wit

first,

things that

make

and mouth and are these to sin

:

picion

:

:

thou

us foul

Ill-thought ill

undevotion

sin

:

that

is

The

deed.

desire of

we

that

;

:

:

in

three

with heart

sins of the heart

ill

delight

wicked if

For

will.

thou

will

assent

:

:

ill

lettest

sus-

thine

heart any time be idle, without occupation of the love, of the praising of

GOD

:

ill

dread

:


be jform of perfect Xtving.

30

ill

love

error

:

to

affection

fleshly

:

friends or to other that thou lovest

thy

joy in

:

any man's ill-faring, whether they be enemy or none contempt of poor or sinful men to :

:

honour rich men

for their riches

joy in any world's vanity

world

what

:

impatience

not, for every

what he

to be secure (about)

what he shah leave 1

noyance

:

(at having) to

he did no more

sorrow of the

:

perplexity, that

:

and what

to do

unsuitable

:

man ought

shall

obstinacy in

do good

:

doubt

is

do and ill

:

an-

sorrow that

or that he did not have

ill,

that pleasure or that will of his flesh which

he

might

thought

:

to please

shame

have

done

pain at penance

men

:

unstableness

:

:

hypocrisy

:

of

love

dread to displease them

:

good deed joy of ill deed singular wit desire for honour or dignity, or to be holden better than another, or richer, or of

:

:

:

fairer,

or

any good

more

to be dreaded

:

vain glory of

of nature, of happening, or of grace

:


form shame

of poor friends

gentle kin, for

GOD'S or

of perfect living.

pride of rich or of

:

we

all

alike are free before

our deeds

face, unless

than another,

worse

make any

better

of

good

in

spite

counsel and of good teaching. the

mouth are these

forswearing

His

Saints

reverence

sins of :

slander of Christ or of any of

:

name His name without

to

;

and

gainsaying

;

truthfulness

The

swear oftentimes

to

:

31

;

strife

against

GOD

murmuring against

for

any anguish or trouble or tribulation that may befall on earth to say GOD'S Service :

undevoutly and without reverence biting

flattering

;

defaming

:

:

lying

quarrelling

ing of discord

counsel

:

:

:

cursing

threatening

:

treason

:

scorn

abusing

:

:

back-

:

:

sow-

false-witness

unbuxomness

in

:

:

ill

speech

:

to make them be good deeds to ill holden ill who do them (we ought to wrap to turn

:

:

up our neighbours' deeds worst)

;

exciting

in the best not the

any man to

ire

:

reprehend-


(The iForm of perfect

32

another what one does one's

ing in

vain speech

words

to speak idle

needful

much

:

praising

:

fending sin

speech

polishing of words

:

man

grimaces at any

and to love them

more

The

sins of deed are these

for the glory of

simony

:

ing of the holy-days

apostacy

example of

his

body, or in his rapine

righteousness harlots

body,

:

:

gluttony

or

is

GOD.

lechery

:

:

:

break-

breaking of vows

:

GOD'S service

:

:

:

to

to hurt

:

:

deceit

to hearken

it

to

any man in goods, or in his fame

usury

to give

of

:

to receive

:

ill

selling

:

to excess

above our might

falling often into sin

:

of

to give to

:

to withhold necessaries

thing that sin

:

:

men than

sacrilege

:

ih deeds

set

:

making

:

witch-craft

:

in deadly sin

1

theft

:

dissipation in

:

de-

:

to praise ill-deeds

:

:

to sing secular songs

:

sing

drunkenness

speech

:

or to speak words not

:

shouting with laughter

:

GOD'S Body

foul

:

self

:

:

from the to begin a

custom to

feigning of

more


Jform of perfect Xi\>in$. good than we have

we

learned and wiser than

we do not

that

seem

for to

:

suffice to

are

up new

fashions

against one's Sovereign are less

:

to hold office

:

to lead dances

:

to insult those

who

to sin in sight, in hearing, in smell-

:

means

To

:

to be rebellious

:

ing, in touching, in handling, in

in

more

or to hold one that

:

cannot be held without sin to bring

holier,

33

in signs

:

swallowing

in beggings

:

:

receive the circumstances, that

:

writings. is

to say

time, place, manner, number, person, dwelling,

or

knowledge, age, that makes thee sin more

To

less.

desire a sin or to be

constrain one to sin. are

of

undone

omission, :

Him

for

is,

leave

many

of

to

sins there

leaving

the

:

good

good they

Not thinking about GOD, nor

nor praising Him, nor thanking

His

gifts

does for love of sins as

that

when men

should do. dreading,

Other

tempted

to do not all that one

:

GOD

:

one should do

to sorrow not for one's :

not to dispose one's D


Gbe jform

34

of perfect Xivnng.

And

self to receive grace.

grace, not to use it

if

one have taken

as one ought

it

;

not to keep

to turn not to the inspiration of

:

conform not one's

will to

GOD'S

will

GOD :

:

to

to give

not attention to one's prayers, but mutter

on and never reck save that they be said to do negligently what one was bound by

;

vow in

to do, or

penance

:

should be done soon neighbour's

sorrowing

profit

at

his

length what

at

having no joy at one's

:

as

one's

at

ill-faring

temptations

against

or else enjoined

by command, to draw out

:

:

:

not

;

standing

forgiving

who have done one harm

own not

not

those

keeping not faith

with one's neighbour as one would that he did to one's self

deed

for

another

:

if

and yielding not a good one can.

those sins before one's eyes strifes

not

:

learned

:

teaching

Amending not :

not appeasing

them that

are

un-

not comforting them that are in

sorrow, or in sickness, or in poverty, or in


Gbe form

of perfect Hiving.

penance, or in prison. others

make men

us of that

manners

filth,

of

foul.

These

that cleanse

are three, against these three

sins.

The

first

is

sorrow

:

heart against the sin of thought it

and many

sins,

The things

35

of

and that

:

behoves (thee to) be so perfect that thou

beest in full will never to sin more.

And

that

thou mayest have sorrow

thy

sins.

joy and solace, except of

GOD

And and

that

all

for

all

GOD, be put out of thine heart. The second is shrift of mouth ; against the sin in

:

of

mouth.

delaying.

And

that shall be hasty, without

Naked, without excusing.

without parting.

Also (not) for to

sin

to one priest

Say

all

and another

to

Whole, tell

one

another.

that thou wettest to one, or else thy

shrift

is

faction

;

not worth.

The Third

Satis-

is,

that has three parts, Fasting, Prayer,

and Aims-Deed. meat and drink

Not only :

to give poor

men

but to forgive them that

do thee wrong and pray for them

:

and


be jform of perfect living.

36

who

inform them

what they

shall

are at the point to perish

For the third thing,

do.

thou shalt wit that cleanness behoves to be kept in heart, in mouth and in work. ness of heart, three things keep ful is,

:

one

is,

thought and stable about GOD.

stirrings of

The

flesh.

third,

closed out of the

honest

and

profitable

keep

:

one

is

that

thou should' st

Another

bethink thee before thou speakest.

that thou beest not of great but of

speech

;

and

specially ever

till

little

thine heart be

established in the love of JESUS Christ

that

men

the

all

Also, cleanness of mouth, three

occupation. things

them be

watch-

Another

care to keep thy five wits, so that

wicked

is

Clean-

:

so

think thou ever lookest on Him,

whether thou speakest or not.

But such a

grace may'st thou not have on the

first

day

:

but with long travel and great care to love

Him from

habit, so that the eye of

heart be aye upward, shalt thou

come

thine

thereto.


The for

thou for nothing, not even

third, that

meekness, shalt

every

lie is

and

sin

Thou needest not unless

thou

lie ill

:

any man. For and not GOD'S will. to

the truth always,

all

tell

But hate

wiliest.

all

lies.

If

thou sayest a thing of thyself that seems to thy praise, but thou sayst

GOD and

it

to the praise of

help of another, thou dost not un-

wisely for thou speakest truth.

But

if

thou

have aught private, tell it to none but such a one that thou beest secure that it should will

not be shewed (disclosed) but only to praise of

of

GOD,

who makes some them

whom

is all

the

goodness, and

better than others,

and gives

special grace, not only for themselves,

but also for them that example.

Cleanness

One

will

of

do well after their

work,

three

things

a careful thought of death : " for the wise man says ; Bethink thee of keep.

thy

last

is

:

ending,

The second

:

flee

and thou from

ill

shalt not sin." fellowship,

that


form

be

38

of perfect

more example

gives

GOD, earth than heaven,

The

cleanness'of soul.

and

discretion in

neither

to

neither

filth of

third

is

nor

excess,

body than temperance

:

meat and drink

sustenance for thy body.

one end

:

that

beneath

is

GOD'S

will

it

be

suitable

For both come to

excess and over-great fasting

:

than

to love the world

:

and that many

not suppose, for anything one

may

say.

for will If

you take sustenance of such good as GOD sends for the time and the day, whatever it no manner of meat that Chris-

be, I take out

tian

men

use

;

thou dost well

with measure and discretion, ;

for so did Christ

and His

you leave many meats that men have, not despising the meat that GOD has made for man's help, but because thou Apostles.

If

thinkest thou hast no need thereof, thou dost well

:

if

thou seest that thou art stalwart to

serve GOD, and that

For

if

it

breaks not thy stomach.

thou hast broken

it

with over-great


Gbe jform

appetite for

abstinence,

thee as

if

and often

:

of perfect Xiving.

meat

reft

is

39

from

shalt thou be in tremblings,

thou wert ready to give up the ghost.

And wit thou well, thou didst sin that And thou may'st not wit soon whether abstinence be

against

thee,

For the time thou art going,

or I

deed. thine

with thee. counsel thee

that thou should'st eat better and more, as it

And

comes, that thou beest not beguiled.

afterward,

when thou

hast

many

proved

and overcome many temptations, and knowest better thyself and GOD than thou things,

didst, then

if

thou seest that

it

be to be

done, thou mayst take to greater abstinence.

And meanwhile thou mayst do privy penance which all men need not know. Righteousness

is

not

all in

thou art righteous, poverty delights

and and

But

fasting or in eating. if

riches,

contempt and hunger

praise,

and need or

dainties be all alike to thee.

thou takest these with love of GOD,

I

If

hold


40

Gbe tform

thee

blessed

who come

of perfect

Men

and high before JESUS.

to thee, they love thee because

they see thy great abstinence, and because they see thee enclosed

:

but

thee so lightly for anything

without, but to

GOD'S

if

thy

will.

not love

set not

by

their praise

and blame, and never give thou heed speak

less

good

do

see thee

I

be conformed entirely

will

And

may

I

of thee

if

than they did

they

but

;

that thou shouldest be more burning in GOD'S love than thou wert.

thee

:

hope that

I

GOD

For one thing I warn has no perfect servant

in earth without enemies of

some men

For

only wretchedness has no enemy.

draw us

that

we conform our will

are three things.

One

to

For

GOD'S

to

will

:

example of holy men and women, who were intent, night and is,

day, to serve GOD, and dread

Him.

If

we

follow

them on

be with them in heaven.

Him and

earth,

love

we must

Another

is

the

goodness of our Lor,d, which despises none,


jform of perfect Xivin$. but gladly receives

mercy

and He

:

is

come

that

all

41

to

His

homelier to them than

any friend that they most or most trust in. The third is the

brother or love,

or

sister,

wonderful joy of the kingdom of heaven,

which

may

is

more than tongue may

think, or eye

may

see, or ear

It is so great that, as in hell live for great

suffers

tell,

or heart

may

nothing might

pain but that the might of

them not

to die

;

hear.

GOD

so the joy in the

JESUS in His GoD-head is so great that they must die of joy, if it were not for His sight of

who

goodness,

wills that

be living aye in wills

that

living in

all

fire,

that thinks

:

bliss

:

His lovers should

also His righteousness

who loved Him which

is

not, be aye

horrible to

look then what

But they who wih not think

it

1

of

it

any man is

to feel.

and dread

now, they shall suffer it evermore. Now hast thou heard how thou mayst dispose thy

it

life,

and

rule

it

to

GOD'S

will.

But

I

wot


42

be

form

of perfect living.

well that thou desirest to hear

some

special

point of the love of JESUS Christ, and of

contemplative thee in

all

life,

men's

which thou hast taken to sight.

have grace and knowledge,

(According) As I will

I

teach thee.


Gbe form

of perfect %fving.

CHAPTER LANGUEO.

AtfORE are written called the

is

VII.

These

in the

Book

two words

of Love, that

of Love, or the

Song

43

Song

of

For he that loves greatly, lists often to sing of his love, for joy that he or she has Songs.

when they think on if

their love

that they love, specially

the English of these two words for

love."

And

be true and loving.

"I

:

men on

Separate

this

is

languish

earth

have

separate gifts and graces of GOD, but the

who

special gift of those is

for to love '

me,

All

JESUS

men

Christ.

Him who

love

That

mandments.'

lead the solitary

is

Truth.

Thou

not

nor

And

all fulfilled

feel

the

all

But

all

men

also

His

that do His Counsel are

by the sweetness

fire

sayest to

keep His com-

who keep His bidding keep not Counsel.

life,

of His love,

of burning love of heart.


Gfoe Iform of perfect

44

Therefore, the diversity of love diversity of holiness

the angels

who

and

makes the In heaven,

of need.

most burning in love, are Also, men and women that

are

nearest to GOD.

have most of GOD'S love, whether they do penance or none

degree in heaven in

the

lower

they shall be in the highest

;

:

they

order.

who

If

love

Him

thou lovest

less,

Him

much, great joy and sweetness and burning thou

feelest in

His love, that

and strength night and day.

Him For Him may no man

not burning in

:

little

feel in

ness, unless they be clean

love

;

and thereto

shalt

and

thy comfort

is

thy love be

If is

thy delight.

joy and sweetfilled

with His

thou come with

and thanking, having are all on the love and

great travail in prayer

such meditations as the praising of GOD.

thy meal, ever love

And when GOD in thy

thou art at thought, at

each moment, and say thus in thine heart

Loved

be

Thou, King

:

and thanked

be

:

Thou,


form

of perfect living

King, and blessed be Thou, King,

my me

of all

joying,

Thy good

Thy blood, and Thou give me grace to spilt

praise. eatest,

And

think

it

gifts

JESU Who

all

for

died on the rood.

Do

sing the song of

Thy

not only whiles thou

but both before and

when thou prayest

:

45

after,

or speakest.

hast other thoughts, that thou

and ever

Or

thou

if

hast more

sweetness in and devotion than in those that I

teach thee, thou may'st think them.

I

hope that

thine heart,

GOD will as He is

thou art ordained look not well

:

for.

For

put such thoughts in pleased with, and as

When

how much thou

thou prayest,

sayest,

but how

that the love of thine heart be aye

upward, and thy thought on what thou sayst If thou beest in as much as thou canst. prayers and meditations

the day,

I

wot

must wax greatly in the love JESUS Christ, and feel much of delight, and

well that thou of

all

within short time.


Gbe jform

46

of perfect

CHAPTER

OLivwicj.

VIII.

degrees of love

I shall tell thee,

THREE

would that thou mightest win to the highest. The first degree is called for I

The second

Insuperable.

third

is,

Thy

Singular.

when nothing overcomes

it

temptations

that

but

:

and

;

is

it

Inseparable.

love

is

The

Insuperable,

contrary to GOD'S love is

stable,

stalwart against

all

whether thou beest

in ease or in anguish, or in health or in sick-

ness

:

so that

men

think that thou wouldest

have

all

make GOD angry

at

not, even to

wert

liefer, if

so

it

the world without end,

any time

:

and thou

should be, to suffer

all

the

pain and woe that might come to any creature, before thou wouldst do the thing that should displease

Him.

In this manner shall thy love


jform of (Perfect

47

IlivinQ.

be Insuperable that nothing can bring

down, but is

it

may

he or she

who

aye spring on high. is

are they blesseder

in this degree

who might hold

degree and turn to the other, Inseparable.

:

Inseparable

is

it

Blessed

but yet to this

that

is

to

thy love, when

and thy thought, and thy might is so wholly, so entirely and so perfectly fastened, set and established in JESUS Christ, all

thine heart,

that thy thought comes never from

Him,

never departs from Him, sleeping excepted

and

as soon as thou awakest, thine heart

on Him, saying Ave Maria, or Gloria

:

is

Tibi,

Domine, or Pater Noster, or Miserere mei,

DEUS, if thou hast been tempted in thy sleep or thinking on His love and His praise as

;

thou didst waking.

When

thou canst at no

time forget Him, waking or sleeping, whatso

thou dost or sayst, then separable.

is

thy love In-

Full great grace have they that

be in this degree of love.

And methinks


be jTorm of perfect Xwncj.

48

who

that thou,

hast nothing else to do but

GOD, mayst come thereunto

for to love

if

any may get it. The third degree is highest and most wondrous to win. That is called Singular, no

for it has

comfort and solace

all

heart, but of it

Singular love

peer.

closed out of thine

is

For the sweetness of

delights not in.

feel

the

who

fire

thou canst

lasting

is

in this degree

thy finger burn

But that

in the fire.

and

breathing

burning praise

;

in

and

Him of

thou puttest be hot,

fire, if it

is

is

loving JESUS, think-

ing of JESUS, desiring JESUS

Him

if

so wonderful, that I cannot

Then, thy soul

tell it.

can as well

of love burning in their soul, as

feel

so delectable

of

and

Him

His love, so burning and gladdening, that

he or she

it

Other joy

JESUS Christ alone.

in this degree is so comforting,

in

when

is

;

to

Him

resting.

love

;

in covetousness

singing

:

of

Him

Then the song

has come.

of

Then, thy


Jform of perfect living.

49

thought turns into song and into melody.

Then

behoves thee to sing the psalms

it

which before thou

Then must thou

said'st.

be long over a few psalms.

Then, thou wilt

think death sweeter than honey, for then

thou art lovest.

[Then mayst thou boldly say

languish for love."] "

Him whom

full of sighs to see

I sleep,

and

my

thou "

I

Then mayst thou say

heart wakes."

" I degree, men may say " I long in love." And languish for love," or

In the

in the

first

second degree also

when men

:

for languishing

and they who are in these two degrees fail from all the covetousness of this world, and from lust and

is

fail for sickness,

liking of sinful

life,

and

set their will

and

the love of GOD therefore " I languish for love," and they rnay say

their

heart to

much more than in the

that are in the second degree first.

third degree

is

all

But the burning

soul that fire,

and

is

in the

like the


Gbe Jform

50

of (Perfect living.

nightingale that loves song fails for

great love

and melody, and

so that the soul

:

is

GOD

comforted in praising and loving

only

and

;

Death come, is singing ghostly to JESUS, and in JESUS, and JESUS not crying bodily till

;

with the mouth I

of that

manner

speak not, for both good and

And

that song.

none unless they be love

manner

this

evil

have

of song

have

in this third degree of

to the which degree

:

of singing

impossible to

it is

come, but in a great multitude of love.

There-

thou wilt wot wl^at kind of joy that song has, I tell thee, that no man wots, save if

fore,

who

he or she loves I

GOD

thee,

it

whom He coming the

thereto.

who has

singing therewith. is

of heaven,

will,

before.

song and

naught

feels it,

but

it,

and who

One thing

and GOD gives

it

tell

to

but not without great grace

Who all

has

the

sorrow

it,

he thinks

minstrelsy

and

woe

of

all

earth

(compared)

In sovereign rest shall they be

who


She form get of

of perfect XixnnQ.

s

1

Wanderers and brawlers, and keepers comers and goers early and late night

it.

and day, or any who are seized with any sin witfully and willingly, or who have delight in

any earthly

thing, they are also farther

therefrom than heaven the

first

degree, are

degree are

full

are scarcely

few

any

:

;

from earth.

is

many

in the

:

men

degree,

second

but in the third degree

for

aye the greater

perfection the fewer followers first

In

it

has.

is

the

In the

are likened to the stars, in

the second to the moon, in the third to the sun.

Therefore says S. Paul

" :

Others of

the sun, others of the moon, others of the stars," so it is of the lovers of

third degree, shalt yet.

know

if

of

GOD.

In this

thou mayst win thereto, thou

more joy than

And among

I

have told thee

other affections and songs,

thou mayst, in thy longing, sing heart to thy Lord JESUS,

this in thine

when thou

covet His coming and thy going

' :

dost

When


Gbe jform

52

Thou come

wilt

out of care,

and

and bring me me Thee, Whom I may

comfort

give

having evermore?

see, it

to

of perfect

me

My

:

when

heart

shall

burst? for love then languished I no more.

For

my

love

...

;

me

to

my

for

it

holds

playing

Who

:

day

The brand

;

me

till

* is love-longing

aye

I may

never wends

waking,

am

fain

to

I stand still mourning for the loveliest

fare away. of lore

thought has fast, and I

:

From

of sweet

my

and longs unto *

The

text

is

draws

burning

sweet One,

In wealth

without hurt or night.

everlasting,

it

place and from

get sight of

away.

;

My

that sight."

imperfect here.

be love

our is


She form

of perfect Hiving,

CHAPTER

53

IX.

thou wilt be well with GOD, and have

IF grace

to rule thy

joy of love

this

:

name JESUS,

thy heart that

fast in

thy thought.

and come

life,

it

so

come never out

of

And when thou

be in thine

honey

men

and

;

fasten

it

Him, and through custom shall

in

to the

ear, joy

speakest to

sayst, in

;

thine heart,

JESUS,

it

thy mouth,

melody

shall think joy to hear that

:

for

name be

named, sweetness to speak it, mirth and song to think it. If thou thinkest (on) JESUS continually,

thy

sin,

charity.

it

firmly,

and kindles thine heart

thy soul, slowness.

and holdest

;

it

purges

it clarifies

removes anger and does away It wounds in love and fulfils

it

It chases the devil,

and puts out


Gbe form

54

dread.

It

of perfect %i\>ing.

opens heaven, and makes a con-

Have JESUS

templative man. that puts

all

the lover.

and

night.

feel, if

in

mind, for

and phantoms out from

vices

And often hail Mary, both day Much love and joy shalt thou Thou

thou wilt do after this teaching.

need'st not covet greatly

many books

:

hold

love in thine heart and work, and thou hast all

that

the law

we can say is

charity

:

or write

:

for fulness of

on that hangs everything.


Gbe fform

of perfect Xiving.

CHAPTER

55

X.

me and say, much of love

now, thou mayst ask

BUT Thou "

tell

me

What

And how that

what

speakest so is

I shall

I

and where

GOD

love

I may know state

love,

that

may most

I

;

And how Him. And in

verily.

love

love

Him."

These are

man and

hard questions to teach, to a feeble fleshly as I I shall

wit,

am.

But nevertheless

not delay that

and as

I

think

it

in the help of JESUS,

I shall

may

who

love.

is

not shew

be.

is

therefore,

For

I

my

hope

the well of love

and peace and sweetness. Thy first asking What is love ? And I answer Love is is :

:

a burning yearning after GOD, with a wonderful delight

burning.

and

certainty.

Light

clarifies

GOD

is

light

our reason

;

and

burn-


be jform of perfect living.

56

we

ing kindles our will, that

but Him. the

Love

GOD.

to

the beauty of

Purity joins us to

virtues.

all

GOD

thing through which

Him, and each one

it

loves

then

it

joys

(Love

Love

loves us,

the

is

and we Love

of us loves others.

is

;

and when

soul for to love

other things for is

has that

it

Love

GOD

GOD

is

for

Himself, and

it

does

deadly sin

thing that

deadly

is

sin.

rightest affection of

is

all in-

not good.

inordinate love for a

is

naught Love

away

all

when

the which love,

;

ordained in GOD,

all

loves,

a stirring of the

ordinate love in anything that

But

it

and nothing can make it sorry. yearning between two, with lasting-

ness of thoughts.)

all

Love

the desire of the heart, aye thinking on

that

it

For meekness

Love makes us one with GOD.

GOD.

is

naught

joining together

life,

and the loved.

loving

makes us sweet

is

a

is

desire

:

is

then love puts out a virtue which

man's

soul.

is

Truth

the

may


Gbe jform be without love

Love

it.

of perfect Xivins. but

:

it

57

cannot help without

a perfection of learning, virtue

is

of prophecy,

of truth,

fruit

help of sacra-

ments, establishing of wit and knowledge

men

riches of pure

how good if

we

love

give

if

;

may know on

suffer to

how good

or she loves

For

I

hold

none

that

righteous

and

is

it

;

earth, all this

is

is

;

If

thou wilt

much he

and that no man can

tell.

judge a man's heart

folly to

knows save

GOD.

turning from

all

Love

earthly

is

;

a

things,

joined to GOD, without departing, and

from

fire

defiling, far

to no vice of this lusts,

be slain

naught but

he or she, ask how

kindled with the far

So,

we have, (down) to a we know as much as men

ordained sorrow and torment. ask

men.

that

all

beggar's staff

we

If

is.

of dying

life

;

;

life.

of

the Holy Ghost

:

from corruption, bound

High above

all fleshly

aye ready and greedy for the con-

templation of GOD.

In

all

things not over-


Gbe jform

58

sum

The

come.

of (Perfect living.

of

all

Health of good manners

mandments

death of sins

Without

with that, no

man may

no

that,

life

;

of

crown

lasts,

Mirth* to holy thoughts.

over-comers.

in all

;

goal of the com-

Virtue whilst fighting

virtues.

of

GOD

of

;

affections.

good

man

our heart, there

which we serve

For

sins. is

if

GOD we love GOD

please

;

nothing in us through

Very love cleanses the soul, and delivers it from the pain of hell, and from the foul service of sin, and from the sin.

ugly fellowship of the devils the fiend's son,

makes GOD'S

;

and

and partner

son,

We

of the heritage of heaven.

ourselves to clothe us in love, coal does in the

fire,

so clothes itself in fire that air so clothes itself in the

Two MSS.

shall force

as

iron

or

as the air does in the

sun, as the wool does in the dye.

*

(out) of

substitute "

it

is

sun that

arms

"

for

The fire.

it

is

" mirth."

coal

The light.


form And that

of perfect %i\>ins,

the wool so substantially takes the dye like

is

it

In this manner shall a

it.

true lover of JESUS shall so

burn

into the

fire

and he of

him

in love, that

his

:

shall

it

and be as

of love,

it

shall

be

murky

the answer

mouth

but in his

man

that "

:

love

:

soul,

;

is

heart

be turned

were

shall so shine in virtues that

in the will of his

do

Christ

The second asking

And

59

all fire

;

no part

in vices. is is

Where

:

is

love ?

in thine heart,

and

not in his hand, nor in to say, not in his work,

For many speak good and

do good, and love not GOD as hypocrites, who suffer great penance, and seem holy in :

But because they seek praise and honour of men, and favour, they have man's

sight.

meed

lost their

:

and

in the sight of

GOD,

they are devil's sons, and ravishing wolves.

But

if

a

man

to poverty

he loves

give alms-deed,

and do penance,

GOD

:

and take him

it is

a sign that

but therefore loves he

Him


60

be jform of perfect Hiving.

not, save

GOD'S

for

when he

forsakes the world only

and

love,

GOD, and loves

all

sets all his

men

as himself

the good deeds that he

them with

intent

to

and to come to the he loves

GOD

and

his

so

may

and

:

do,

Christ,

Then

rest of heaven. is

in his soul,

deeds shew without.

speakest good and doest good, that thou lovest good

all

he does

JESUS

please

and that love

:

thought on.

If

men

thou

suppose

therefore look well

:

that thy thought be in GOD, or else thou deceivest

and

thyself,

Nothing that

men.

deceivest

do without (outside) proves

I

that I love GOD.

man might do as much as much waking and fasting

For a wicked penance in body, as I do.

How may

I

then ween that

I love,

or hold myself better, on account of that

which any

man may do

heart, whether

it

no one but GOD,

loves for

?

Certainly,

my GOD

my

or not, wots

nought that they

may


form me

see

Wherefore, love

do.

61

of perfect living.

in will verily,

is

not in work, but in a sign of love.

For he

that says he loves GOD, and will not do what is

in

Love

him

to

will

not be

idle, it is

If

cease

evermore. that

it

cools

The

love, tell

it

GOD ?

love

Him thine

is

answer

I

with

all

heart,

love

stalwart,

How

:

shall

thou

wisely

in

:

all

Stalwartly

who

is

meek

in a

for

;

;

all

on

meek

governs us and keeps us in

in

:

soul,

can no

He

is

ghostly

whom

soul.

to

is

thy

save he be stalwart.

?

verily

thy might, stalwartly

Him

the Holy Ghost

I

love

Very

;

strength comes of meekness

ness

lies.

working some good

working, wit

devoutly and sweetly.

man

him that he

and goes away.

third asking

love

all

shew

rests

Meekall

our

temptations, so that they overcome us not.

But the

devil deceives

many

that are meek,

through tribulations, and reproofs, and backbitings.

But

if

thou beest wroth for any


62

be Jform of perfect living.

anguish of this world, or for any word that

men

say of thee, or for aught that

say

thou art not meek, nor mayst thou

to thee,

love

men

GOD

For love

stalwartly.

is

stalwart as

which slays every living thing on earth, and hard as hell that spares not them death,

that

dead.

are

perfectly grieves

or anguish he

And Him

may

he

who

not, whatever

suffer

;

GOD

loves

shame

but he has delight

and covets that he might be worthy for to surfer torment and pain for Christ's love :

and he has joy that men reprove him and speak ill of him. Like a dead man, what so

men do

or say, he answers not.

whoso loves GOD stirred

for

Right-so, are

not

any word that man may

say.

perfectly,

For he or she cannot

they

love, that

cannot surfer

pain or anger for their friend's love.

whoso or

loves, they

women

so weak,

have no pain.

For

Proud men

love not stalwartly, for they are

and they

fall

at every stirring of


JTorm of perfect living. the wind that

is

with wrong

:

for

;

whether

their will done,

They seek a

temptation.

higher place than Christ

will

they

have

be with right or

it

and Christ

63

wills that

nothing

but well be done, and without harm to other

men.

But who

have their

is

verily

will

meek, they

not

but that they

will in this world,

may have it in the other fully. In nothing may men sooner overcome the devil than in Meekness, which he much hates. For he may

wake, and

fast

and

than any other creature

suffer

may

pain more

but meekness

:

and love may he not have. Also, it behoves thee to love GOD wisely, and that thou canst not do save thou beest wise.

when thou

Thou

art wise,

art poor without desire of this

world, and despisest thyself for love of Christ

and expendest in His service.

most

all

thy wit and

all

:

thy might

For some who seem wise are

fools, for all their

wisdom they

spill in

covetousness and care about the world.

If


be jform of perfect li

64

thou sawest a

man have

stones

precious

wherewith he might buy a kingdom,

if

he

gave them for an apple, as a child

will do,

rightly mightest thou say that he

was not

wise but a great fool.

we

we have

precious

penance and ghostly

we may buy if

if

Just so,

stones

Poverty

:

travail,

will,

and

with the which

the kingdom of heaven.

For,

thou lovest poverty and despisest riches

and

delights of this world,

self

vile

and boldest thy-

and poor, and thinkest thou hast

for this poverty, naught of thyself save sin thou shalt have riches without end. And :

if

thou hast sorrow for thy

sins,

and because

thou art so long in exile out of thy country,

and forsakest the solace shalt

have

And if thou

of this

life

:

thou

for this sorrow the joy of heaven.

beest in travail,

and punishest thy

body reasonably and wisely, by wakings, fastings, and in prayers and meditations, and

sufferest

heat

and

cold,

hunger

and


She jform

of perfect Utving.

thirst, privation

and anguish

JESUS Christ

for this

come

;

of joy with angels.

for the love of

thou shalt

travail

to rest that lasts aye,

65

and

on a

sit

But some there

settle

who

are

love not wisely, like children

who love an apple,

more than a

many

castle.

So do

the joy of heaven for a

little

;

delight of their

Now

not worth a plum.

flesh,

that

is

thou

see,

that

whoso

love

will

they give

canst

wisely,

it

behoves him to love lasting things, lastingly

and passing

things, passingly

;

so that his

;

heart be settled and fastened on nothing but

And

GOD.

if

thou wilt love JESUS verily,

thou shalt not only love

Him

wisely, but also devoutly

and

love

is

when thy body

thought clean. offerest

GOD

and

stalwartly sweetly.

Sweet

chaste and thy

is

Devout love

is

;

when thou

thy prayers and thy thoughts

to

with ghostly joy, and burning heart in

the heat of the Holy Ghost

think that thy soul

is

as

it

;

so that

men

were drunken for F


Gbe jform

66

and

delight

of perfect

X

solace of the sweetness of

JESUS

;

and thy heart conceivest so much of GOD'S help that

men

Him

from rest

think thou mayst never be departed :

and then thou comest into such

and peace

in soul,

thoughts of vanity,

and

quiet, without

thou

(or) of vices, as if

wert in silence and sleep, and set in Noe's ship, so that nothing

devotion

and sweet

gotten His love

come,

in

:

may

hinder thee from

love.

For thou hast

all

thy

life,

joy and comfort

verily Christ's lover

whose place

is

made

death

and thou

:

and he

:

until

rests in

art

peace

in peace.

The fourth asking was how thou mightest know that thou wast in love and charity. I :

answer

:

that no

they are in charity

man ;

wots on earth that

save

it

be through any

privilege or special grace that

to

any man or woman

not take example by.

that

GOD

has given

others

may men and women Holy :

all

trow that they have truth and hope and


Gbe jform charity

and

:

of perfect Hiving.

in that

67

do as well as they may,

and hope certainly that they shall be safe for if they wish, they wot it not so quickly their merit were the less. And Solomon

;

;

it

says

so with righteous

is

men, and that

And

hand.

their

men and

works are in GOD'S

nevertheless,

a

man

wots not

whether he be worthy hatred or love all

wise

;

but

reserved uncertain for another world.

is

any had grace that he might win to the third degree of love, which is Nevertheless,

if

called Singular, he should

in

But

love.

in

such

know

that he was

manner were the

knowing, that he might never bear himself the higher, nor be in less care to love

but so

much

love, will

Him,

he be busy to love

Who

goodness to will

the more that he

has

made him

Him

;

so,

is

GOD

;

secure of

Him and

dread

and done that

and he that

is

so high, he

not hold himself worthier than the sin-

fullest

man

that goes on earth.

Also seven


'

Gbe form

68

of perfect living.

man

experiments are there, that a

The

charity.

first

is

when

;

be in

covetous-

all

quenched in him. For whereso covetousness is, is no love of ness of earthly things

Christ.

Then,

is

sign

if

he have no covetousness,

that he has

burning

men have

is

For

heaven.

for

yearning

The second

love.

they love, the more they covet

when anyone

when

aught of that savour, the more

felt

that has not

felt, is

he desires not.

given so much,

and he

:

Therefore, till

he love

thereof (so) that he can find no joy in his

token has he that he is

;

if

his

is,

is

in charity.

The

life

:

third

tongue be changed, that was wont

to speak of earth of the life

;

now speaks

of

GOD, and

The fourth

that lasts aye.

is

:

any man or woman give themselves entirely to GOD'S services, and meddle with no earthly business. exercise of ghostly profit.

The itself

fifth is

seems

:

As

when the thing light for to

do

;

if

that

is

hard of

the which love


jform of perfect Xtvincj. "

For as Austin says

makes.

:

69

Love

it

is

which brings the far thing near-to-hand, and the impossible to the openly possible."

The all

sixth

is

hardness of thought to suffer

:

anguish and hurt that comes

him

befalls

For he who

but sin

;

:

is

righteous

man

righteous, hates naught

is

he loves naught but GOD, before

he dreads naught but to anger GOD.

The seventh he

make a

shall not

sorry.

GOD

For whatso

the other suffices not.

this, all

without

is

in tribulation,

in the anger that

when

delectability in soul,

:

he

and makes suffers.

praise to

And

GOD

shews

this

well that he loves

GOD, when no sorrow can

bring him down.

For many love GOD while

they are at ease

;

grumble, and scarcely

fall

and

GOD,

any wealth

comfort them

striving

against His judgments. praise that

adversity they

into so great sorriness, that

may any man

so slander they

in

And

and that

of the world

:

and

fighting is

caitiff

makes

:


be Jform of ipcrfcct living

70

but that praise

is

of

that no

great price

violence of sorrow can do away.

The

fifth

asking was

GOD ? men are

may

most love

as

be that

it

and

soul,

business

men

most

in

body and

rest of

with any needs or

For the thought JESUS Christ, and of the joy

this

of the love of

state

answer, in such state

I

least occupied

of

In what

:

world.

that lasts aye, seeks outward rest, so that it

be not hindered by comers and goers, and

occupation of worldly things

and

;

it

seeks

within great silence from the annoyances of

and of

desires,

thoughts.

And

templative

life

and

especially, all

who

Doctor

earthly

love con-

"

says

GOD'S throne who dwell

place,

of

they seek rest in body and

For a great

soul.

are

vanities,

:

still

one

in

and are not running about, but

sweetness of Christ's love are fixed." I

They

have loved

for to sit

fantasy, nor that

I

:

for

wished

in

And

no penance, nor

men

to talk of


jform of perfect Xivino* me, nor for no such thing I

knew

lasted

that

I

within

loved the

:

GOD

but only because more, and longer

comfort of love

going, or standing, or kneeling.

am

I

ward.

in

most

But

rest,

and

therefore,

my

do to

my

For

than

:

sitting

heart most up-

peradventure,

not best that another should will

71

sit,

it

as I did

is

and

death, save he were disposed

in his soul, as I was.


be Jform of perfect living.

72

CHAPTER XL of the

gifts

SEVEN men and

Holy Ghost are

women who

are ordained to

the joy of heaven and lead their

dom

Understanding

:

Knowledge

:

Pity

Counsel

:

at

:

is

Wis-

:

Strength

and the Fear

Begin we at Counsel, for thereof

this

life in

These they are

world righteously.

not

afterwards.

With

most need

separately.

Counsel

is

which men :

may

seven

all

things with

(i.e.

Counsel) be

inwardly to contemplation of GOD. is,

to

men

be ensnared in thought or

and therewith

standing

we

doing away with the

world's riches, delights, and

deed

these

the Holy Ghost touches separate

gifts,

:

GOD.

of

the beginning of our works, which

dislike

in

know what

is

drawn Under-

for to do,

and


form what shall

leave

to

of [perfect living.

(undone)

be given, to .give not

need,

Wisdom

and that which

:

to

that

others

to

is

it

73

them that have have

no

need.

forgetting of earthly things,

thinking of heaven, with discretion in

men's deeds. tion, that

is,

In this

and all

shines contempla" A ghostly as S. Austen says gift,

death of fleshly affection through the joy of a

raised

to

fulfil

thought."

Strength

good purpose, that

neither for weal nor for woe.

a

man

be mild

when

it

stand

it

:

is it

;

enduring

be not

Pity

is

:

left,

that

and gainsay no holy Writ

smites his sins, whether he underor not

;

but with

he purge the vileness of

might that himself and in

all his

sin, in

that (which)

makes a

others.

Knowledge

man

good hope, not making him quake

in

is

for his righteousness,

but sorrowing for his

and that a man gather earthly good only to the honour of GOD, and to other men's advantage more than to his own. sin

;


74

Gbe jform

The Fear

of

God

to our sin for fear perfect in

to anger

GOD

know, and

of perfect Hiving. is

:

that

we turn not again

and then is any egging on us and holy, when we dread :

in the least sin that

flee it as

poison.

we can


ZTbe Jform of perfect Hiving*

CHAPTER

TWO it

is

more

One

in

Active

life

is

greatly

travail

and

sweetness.

and

of the temptations

Contemplative fore it

life

in

for

life,

more ghostly

is

for

men

Another, con-

it

life,

more

Active

called

is

bodily work.

in

templative

in

XII.

lives there are that Christian

live.

75

more

outward,

peril,

because

that are in the world. is

largely inward, there-

more enduring and more certain, more delectable, lovelier and more

is

restfuller,

rewarding.

For,

and savour

in

it

the

this present time,

if

has joy in GOD'S love, that lasts

life it

be rightly

aye,

led.

in

And

that feeling of joy in the love of JESUS passes all

other merits in earth.

to

come

to,

For

it

is

so hard

because of the frailty of our

and the many temptations that we are beset with, which hinder us night and day

flesh,

:

all

other things that

come

are light in regard


Gbe Jform

76

thereof

only

who

for that

;

it

is

of perfect Xivnng.

may no man

deserve, but

given of GOD'S goodness to

them

verily give themselves to contemplation

and to quiet

women who two things

for Christ's love.

To men and

betake themselves to

One

befall.

:

active life,

to appoint their

household in fear and in the love of GOD,

and to

find

them

in necessaries,

and them-

keep GOD'S commandments entirely.

selves

Doing to their neighbours as they will that they do to them. Another is that they do, so far as they can, the seven works of mercy.

The which

are

:

to feed the

the thirsty a drink

;

hungry

:

to clothe the

to give

naked

them that have no housing the sick, to comfort them that are

to harbour visit

:

:

to in

bury dead men. All that can and who have property, they may not be quit with one or two of these ; to

prison

;

but

behoves them to do them

will

it

all,

if

they

on Dooms-Day have the benison that


form

vTbe

to all

shall give

JESUS else

of perfect Olt\>ina.

may

they

have who

who do them.

dread the malison that

will

77

all

Or

men

not do them, when they had

goods to do them with. Contemplative

and a

higher.

life

has two parts

The lower part

of holy writing, that

is

is

:

a lower

meditation

GOD'S word, and

other good thoughts and sweet that

in

men

have of the grace of GOD, about the love of

JESUS psalms

Christ,

and

also in praising

GOD

and hymns and in prayers.

higher part of contemplation

is

although

it

:

that

The

beholding and

yearning after the things of heaven, joy in the Holy Ghost

in

men have

and oft,

be so that they be not praying

with the mouth, but only thinking of GOD,

and

of

souls. is

the beauty of angels, and of holy

Then may

I

say that contemplation

a wonderful joy of GOD'S love

joy

is

praising

;

the which

GOD, that cannot be told

and that wonderful praising

is

in the soul

;

:


Ebe iform

78

and

for

of (Perfect Hiving.

abundance of joy and sweetness,

mouth

ascends into the

;

it

so that the heart

and the tongue agree in one, and body and A man or woman soul joy, living in GOD. that

appointed to contemplative

GOD

is

and

inspires all

them

forsake

to

life, first

this

world,

the vanity and covetousness and vile

Afterwards

lust thereof.

their lone

and speaks to "

He

He

them by heart, and as

leads

their

them

to suck " of the sweetness of the beginning of love

the prophet says

gives

:

and then He

them

sets

in the will to give

themselves wholly to prayers and meditations

and

when they many temptations, and when

tears.

have suffered

Afterwards,

the foul annoyances of thoughts that are

and

of vanities

who cannot

will

encumber those

destroy them, are passing away,

He makes them them and

which

idle,

fasten

gather up their heart to it

only in Him, and opens

to the eye of their souls the gates of heaven

:


She Jform and then the heart,

of perfect Xtving. love verily

fire of

and burns

therein,

79

lies in their

and makes

it

clean

and afterwards they are contemplative men, and ravished in love. For contemplation is a sight and they see

from

all

earthly

filth,

;

Heaven with

into

their

thou shalt wit that no

ghostly eye.

man

But

has perfect sight

of heaven, whilst they are living bodily here.

But

as soon as they die, they are brought

before GOD, and see to eye,

Him

face to face,

and eye

and dwell with Him without end.

Him they sought, and Him they coveted, and Him they loved, with all their might. For

have told thee shortly the Form of Living, and how thou mayst Lo, Margaret,

come

I

to perfection,

and

thou hast taken thee

and

to.

to love If it

Him whom

do thee good

me.

thank GOD, and pray for The grace of TESUS Christ be with \j

thee,

and keep

profit to thee,

*/

1bere enoetb

"

thee.

Amen.

ZEbe Jform of perfect



ur

2>ail

Work.

(H flDirror of Discipline.)



Moth.

ut Bails

(H fUMrror of Discipline.)

man

things are needful to every

;

THREE to increase his reward, through GOD'S grace

(

first

man

that

;

Who

helping,

"

shall

The

him.

lead

be in honest work,_ without

losing of his time.

The second

that he do

workjwith a freedom. of_ spirit, in place The _and in time, as work falls to each. his

third

that his outward bearing

;

ever he come, be so honest and praise

is

good to

Omnia fiant,

and

(given) to

all

who

GOD, a

is

fair,

stirring

that

up

of

see him, as the Apostle bids

in vobis honesti

that

wheresor

et

"That ye do

in order." 83

:

:

secundum ordinem be

it

done honestly


<S>ur E>atl

84

UGlorfe.

FIRST PART OF THE BOOK.

AT

the

first

man

:

lose not his short time, nor

wrongly, nor in idleness

GOD and

has lent

man

pass away.

his time, to serve

GOD

in,

Not only

this short time flies

but also the time of our

us,

man

"

says

:

S.

man

in a ship

wake

Our

life- time

"

And

Gregory says ;

sit

:

Our

life,

is

as the

passes away." life

is

like

a

he, stand he, sleep he,

he, ever he gets thitherward

So we,

we

it

it

good works, to buy

from

ship

let

spend

to gather grace with

heaven with.

wise

look that he

shall

where the

driving with the force of the weather. in this short time,

drive ever to our end."

whatsoever we do,

And

our enemy,

Death, follows us ever at our back, with a sharp spear to stick us through, therefore


"

says

Seneca,

And

Worfe.

Batl

<S>ur

life

S.

death

flies,

"

Augustine says

85

Life

is

nothing else

but a swift running to death." there lives

naught to

is :

save

uncertain

not

long

And

the time

taken

I

life,

"

to

when

is

uncertain."

life

might, at his

will,

drive

was the

man

deceived of

:

be

And

S.

doom."

hopes he for long

the psalm

shall

knows not the time

him

the Gospel of S.

I

Nothing so much beguiles

:

as that he

rich

know

I

:

and led

that to

" :

my

shall dwell, nor

Jerome says

man,

this short life is

Maker may take me "I wot not Gregory says

S.

hence

man

long

endure, and whether

may

I

after a short space

away."

Yet

well.

Therefore,

how

by,

wherefore says Job

:

how

how

tell

follows."

Luke

of his

And

for himself, as

if

yet

he

Death back.

Thus

whom

speaks

Therefore saith

xvi.

"if riches increase, set not your

heart upon them."

For riches

with man, but glide away

fail

like

and

last

not

a phantom.


86

Work,

ur Bail^

But when men have

got

goods

together,

with right, or with wrong and poor men's then suddenly, they go from their

curses,

And

goods, or else their goods from them. " The world passeth Holy Writ says

and the

A man

lust thereof."

that

away fallen

is

and through the force of the borne forth and torn from the

in the water,

water

is

ground

;

he

if

good fastening

get anything that has

may like

a root or a stake, he

hinder the water from carrying him

but by anything that self,

fleets as

he cannot fasten himself

willy nilly, in this

life,

as

if

:

may

away

he does him-

and

soothly,

in water,

we

are

ever passing with the goods of this world

and there

is

by, so that

Man slip

Job had

we "

saith,

naught

in this

;

world to fasten

shall not pass

We

;

shall all die,

:

for the

and

like

Wise water

into the Earth." And therefore " Riches and friends speaks, as if he said

away

I

many, but they

all

could not hinder

me


ur Baity Morfc.

87

from going forth and not coming again."

And by what shews of is

it

" :

path,

All flesh

and

grass,

meadow.

and soon

and a while

food.

all

and taken

Thus

Hay

after, the flowers

mown down

it is

it

the glory

Man's

flesh

first

is

green

after brings forth flowers

to

dry and

fall

:

;

with the scythe, and

a house to be beasts'

man

befalls

he springs and grows after,

and

grass,

prophet

joy and splendour as the

all his

flower of the

dried

is

shall go, the

as the flower of the field."

as hay,

after

man

:

as

in his childhood

the

does

grass

;

he comes to manhood and flowers in

and strength and wit and having he draws to age, and afterwards goods

fairness of

:

;

then his flowers fairness,

strength,

afterwards,

he

is

that

fall,

wit

are

his

virtue,

and other power

stricken

down with

;

the

scythe of Death, afterwards taken to a house to beasts' food, that to

feed

worms.

is,

dug into the earth

Therefore

says

the

holy


ur

man

" ;

when a man

he shall dwell

dies,

A

with serpents and beasts."

dead

man

is

so disgusting to the world, that one cannot let

him be

in his house three days together

;

but bears him forth, that he harm none with the odour.

Therefore,

for in the time to

it is

come

now time

there

is

to

work

;

no time to

work, but to receive rewards for deeds done

And

ere while.

oath and says, that there will

this

the angel affirms with

"

For the angel has sworn be no further time." Do we

then as the Apostle says time, let us

Apostle

from the

work good

counsels

us,

" :

While we have

to all."

he

did

And

as the

himself

hour of the day until the

first

:

for fifth,

he worked with his hands to win his food

and from the

fifth to

to the people

:

:

the tenth, he preached

from the tenth to even he

served the poor and pilgrims with such goods as he

had

;

by night he was praying, and

thus spent he his time.


<>ur Bail\>

man

In three ways, ness

THflorfe.

89

loses his time

or in works that no good

;

:

in idle-

comes

of

;

or in good works, but not ordained as they

should be.

Against idleness, Solomon says

" Idleness teaches much evil Writ says " Whoso followeth r<

most

A

foolish."

great fool he

and Holy

;

is

idleness, is

who

for-

bears not from the thing that harms him.

More

fool he

reward himself idle

day

most

:

because he wins himself no

is,

pain.

fool

idle

"

Why

are prudently gotten,

is

GOD blames

standest thou

the

all

the

:

for as

and

entices the fiend

by good works the

fiend

hindered from entering man's heart, so

idleness

says for

because he wins

Idleness wastes the goods that

?

to the house

is,

Therefore

and says "

:

he

:

his

And Seneca himself who lives

draws him thereto.

"he

lives

not to

stomach and the ease

whenever he can." born to labour."

For Job

of

says

his

flesh

"Man

is

To work was man bound


<>ur

90 after

he had sinned, through GOD'S bidding,

Who

said to

him

"In the sweat

:

face shalt thou eat thy bread,

turnest unto the ground from

wast taken

till

of thy

thou

re-

whence thou

because from the ground thou

;

and into the ground thou shalt go." Thou shalt work stalwartly and not faintly, art,

for

He

bids thee work,

face,

even

that

is,

all

till

with sweat of thy

thou returnest to the earth

Idleness smites a

;

man

as

he were in a paralysis, and makes his limbs

dry that he cannot work. the Psalmist

not

feet

;

" :

They have hands and handle

they

but

they

eyes have they and see not

and hear not

" ;

;

and to

nurse to

;

speak

not

;

;

ears have they

for their limbs are so

in sin, that to all

dead

Therefore says

have they but they walk not

mouths have

is

"

time that thou losest no

life

thy

time in idleness. if

"

bound

good things, they are as

evil,

all vices,

they are easy.

Idleness

and makes a man reck-


91

<>ur 2>all2 IKHorfe.

about

less

not

And when

to do.

he puts in

idle,

of fleshly

him on

to

sin

to

idle

man makes

who

follies

that

may

he

eggs

and thus he

indeed,

for

;

the

to

man

" :

Will

devil."

The

himself unworthy to dwell

but

place

cannot dwell those

place

give

a

thoughts

the Apostle's bidding

not

any

foul

afterwards,

;

bound

is

finds

fiend

heart

his

do them

to

does against

in

the

and other

filth,

him

bring

what he

doing

In

hell.

heaven

is

heaven

he

reward to

full

here spend their time in works

that they hope are pleasing to Christ.

purgatory the

may

idle

not dwell

In

for there

;

only the good are purged in that cleansing

they be as clean of sin as when they

fire, till

were christened wright

In

:

:

therefore saith the Psalm-

labore

hominum non sunt

hominibus non flagellabuntur to

"

say

;

therefore

The

in

idle

:

that

is

et

cum

thus for

work not with men

purgatory they

shall

not

;

be


ur 2)ail

92

pained with those

THUorfe.

men who

are

on the way

to heaven." *

Great shame

if

awaits

we work

as

GOD

us.

to be idle in this time

which we are hired to work

of grace, in the

and

is

it

we ought,

gives

;

great reward

an example of

us

"

He work, by Himself, as the Apostle says emptied Himself, and took upon Him the :

form of a servant, and was made in the likeness of men and being found in fashion ;

as a

man, he humbled Himself, and became

obedient unto death, even the death of the cross

:

wherefore

Him, and given

GOD hath also highly exalted Him a name which is above

every name, that at the name of JESUS, every knee should bow, of things in heaven, and things in earth, and things under the earth

;

and that every tongue should confess that JESUS Christ

is

Lord, to the glory of

GOD

the Father." * Rolle's free

Thornton

MS.

rendering of the Latin

is

It does not occur in the

added here from the

Arundel MS.


<S>ur IDailp

Morfc.

93

Over-proud then, and over-delicate

who

servant,

Lord

and

assailed

enemies.

thralls,

sees

His

evil-wounded

by

His

battle,

we ought to work in this for we are GOD'S bought

Also,

time of grace

;

with the price of His dear-worthy

Blood, to work in His vine-yard

He doth

promise us reward,

if

good-will that which, as a debt,

To His

do.

of grace, if if

we do

:

and yet

we do with we ought

to

private friends, before the time

GOD promised

they did well well.

and abode

only earthly goods,

to us the bliss of

;

was long

It

they might come thereto hell

the

and

in

rests

is

there,

;

for

Heaven,

after,

before

they went to

some a thousand

years,

some two, some three, before they came to heaven. But now may men in a little time win heaven,

christened, or for his

love.

any die soon after he is he have done full penance

as, if if

misdeeds

The time

;

or be martyred for GOD'S

of supper that the gospel of


ur Baity Morfc.

94 S.

Luke speaks

His servants

of,

call all

that were bidden,

which

;

all is

so that there

;

is

is

of all their sins that they

What

since they were born. it

is

is

cleanse

have done

losing of time

to travail about things that no profit

comes

of.

Man ought

to travail only to the

Thou

worship of GOD, and his soul-health. shalt

not

deem the man has

though he go with a grey-haired lived to

well.

"

lived

staff stooping,

long

and be

but deem him so old as he has

;

Therefore

answered

"

of 45 years."

" :

I

Barlaham

when he asked

Josaphath, his disciple,

him how old he was "

the

else to

naught

do but wash and go to meat, that

them

is

now, in the which

time of grace

ready

GOD bade

to the which

am," quoth he,

Master," quoth Josaphath,

methinks thou art of 60 years and more."

Then

said Barlaham,

been 60 years in idleness

;

and

"

Since

I

was born has

but those years that sin before I

took

me

I

spent

to this


<>ur Baity Morfc. life, I

hold as years of death.

I call

years of

Christ

my

life

Lord

in,

But

those

all

that I have served JESUS

through His dear-worthy

Whoso would bethink

grace."

95

himself

what

time steals from him in long eating and drinking, in excess

and

idle

and

and

foul thoughts, useless jests

other vanities that

may

useless works, idle speech,

men

delight

for

in,

he

soothly understand that though he be

old in years, that he has lived

manner that he ought

the

them

and

he lived not to his

reward,

time in

have lived

to

profit,

but peradventure

little

nor

won him for

pain

;

losing

time. It

who

were a wonderful thing

if

the

man

gives himself to business of the world

more than he need, had no hindrance

in

prayer, in rest of heart, in soothfastness of

words, in perfection of good works, in love to

GOD and

Christian men.

Therefore, holy

men, before now, who knew

their hindrances,

all


ur 2>ailp Morfc.

96

they fled the world with it

had been accursed

for

;

they could not

that

as

all its vanities,

live

if

seemed to them

it

a righteous

life

and therefore went they into the wilderness, where they trowed to serve GOD therein

;

"

Therefore says Seneca,

in peace.

become more

avaricious,

I

and more

and more inhuman because

have cruel,

was among

I

men." Three manners of occupations there are as,

much brawling raking about and much caring earthly Against much brawling, Solomon

various

about

;

things. "

says

and

;

The beginning "

is,

let

is

as

when one

Let the water out,"

the tongue fleet out in quarrel-

ling."

But

himself

may no

fleet

of strife

"

letteth out water."

that

:

to the

out with

GOD

or of

lets his

heart

knowledge of

one come, who

much

useless speech

:

for

he

makes a way in himself for the fiend. Therefore Solomon likens such to a city without a


ur 2>aU\> wall

"He

:

spirit is like

without

97

TKftorfc.

that hath no rule over his

a city that

walls."

is

And

hindrance of good

broken down and

because

much

in

is

own

much

so

speech, the

philosopher binds his disciples with silence (during) their

five years.

first

Also,

Agathon bore a stone in his mouth years to teach him to hold still. those

who

Abbot

for three

Against

are ever raking about to feed their

wits with vanities

and

lusts

is

the teaching

of the angel, who taught holy Abbot Arsenius " and said Arsenius, flee the world and its :

yearnings

:

keep thee in

rest,

bridle

thy

tongue," that

it fleet

not out in quarrelling nor

idle speech.

Where

these three are

is

a

way

It GOD, and withdrawing from evil. tells of an Abbot who (for) fully 20 years sat in his school, and never lifted up his head

to

to

see

the school-roof.

Against those

care over-much about worldly goods,

says this

" :

Vain

is

their hope,

who

Solomon

and

their

H


ur

98 labour without

2)ail\> Udorfc.

fruit,

because they can carry This

of all their labour."

away nothing

is

by the dead, who, be they bear with them but a winding

seen every day,

never so rich cloth.

The

third

manner

of

men

are they that

have a liking to do good, but because they do

it

not in the manner they should do

they lose their reward

;

for

when good

it in,

intent

any deed, the reward that should fall And that may be to the good work fails. fails in

in four

ways

the working

;

first,

;

for the wickedness of

as the offering of Cain, that

though he offered to GOD of the

fruit that

was new, GOD would not look thereon to the offering of Abel his brother,

Therefore says S. Gregory will of

GOD

him that

or rejected

" :

:

but

GOD looked.

By

the heart's

offers is the gift received of :

with Abel for the

and GOD was not pleased offering,

the offering for Abel,

who

but pleased with in all his

works


<>ur Baflp Idorfc.

99

was true and good but to Cain and to his offering GOD would not look, for he who ;

made

the offering displeased

And why

" I will

:

not hear

When :

ye make

is

GOD, the pro-

many

prayers,

because your hands are

full

The second that reaves away a

of blood/'

man's reward

which

greatly."

our offering, or what we do that

in its nature good, displeases

phet says

GOD

for his

man

stirs

good deed,

is

vanity,

to do the good because he

would be praised.

For vain-glory makes

good as if alms-deed that is good in nature be done for praising, it wins only sin. The third that snatches a reward from a evil of

:

good deed

is

boasting

by him that does the

good deed, as the Pharisee said

"

to

the

folk

Soothly, this

that

man

did, of

stood

whom GOD

before

Him,

has lost his reward for

good deed." Needful it is therefore that a man do what good he can, and do not all

his

pride himself thereof in thought or in

word

;


ioo

ut 2>ail> Morfc.

good deed

for he has not the doing of a

himself, nor of his

own

that snatches from a

good deed

(is)

The fourth

desiring.

man

when he does

reward

his it

of

for a

with the intent

to be holden better than others, or to lessen

the good deed of others, or to outdo

it if

he

Of such, S. Gregory tells a tale in his That once on a time the holy dialogues

can.

:

Bishop Fortunatus, chased the fiend out of and the fiend, when a man in one evening ;

he was chased out, put on the likeness of a

and went through the city where the Bishop lived, weeping and yelling like a

pilgrim,

poor wretch,

who was anxious

that night, and thus he said

for lodging

" ;

Lo, what

your Bishop, whom ye consider so good, has done to me he came to the house where I :

had taken force

am

I

none city

:

my

and now desirous

will

;

lodging, like a

over

and put me out by

poor wretch, all, I

o'f

lodging

seek lodging, and

have ruth on me."

who heard him, took him

A man

of that

into his house,


ur Baity

and

set

wished.

him by the

101

Uttlorfe.

and eased him, as he When the man had inquired of him fire

of far-off things, as

men do

to pilgrims, the

fiend leaped at the child in the cradle,

wrung its neck in two, and cast Of this fire, and vanished away.

and

it

into the

S.

Gregory

"

speaks and says, Many deeds seem good, and are not good, because they are not done

with a good

And

will.

this

man harboured

the pilgrim for no pity of him, but because he

spake evil of the Bishop, and in order that " " he should be held better and (the man) of

more pity than the Bishop."

deed

is lost,

man,

riches,

Yet a good if a man covet by it to have of or position, or honours or any

worldly good.

Yet through sin defiling, the lost and here-unto accords

good deed is " who sinneth in one Holy Writ that says, thing, loses many good things," which is, ;

"

he that in a deadly thing

goods," save he

sins,

he loses

amend him with

do penance therefor.

many

shrift,

and


102

ur

2>ail

TKIlorfc.

SECOND PART OF THE BOOK.

T HE

man

-*-

dom

do

to

of spirit, in

work

to each to

second part of this book teaches

do

:

good work with place and in time, as his

falls

not compelled thereto, nor

with anger, nor with a dead heart.

it

"

For Holy Writ says giver,"

free-

GOD

or

:

GOD

loves a cheerful

him who

loves

aught with a glad heart

:

gives

and certainly the

works that turn out to the praise

and the health

of

man's

Him

soul,

like

of

God,

prayers

and holy thoughts, and a clear mind about these and others GOD, and GOD'S deeds ;

like

them

will allow of little rest,

well (done).

pleases

Prayer

GOD,

ought to be

:

if it

is

if

they be

a sacrifice that greatly

be made in the manner

therefore

GOD

asks

it

it

of us as


2)ail\>

a debt, -when

He

Morfe. "

says this

:

103

GOD

created

the peoples for His praise and His glory "

and

of

the Apostle,

praise "

man

certainly

GOD

men

honour

Therefore,

ever to pray and never to

ever praying,

is

shall

who

is

doing good.

of religion are

with prayer, and

;

we ought always

pray and not to faint."

behoves

He

Sacrifice

And

Me." to

the

"

men

bound of

it

fail.

And

to worship

Holy Church

;

by alms and tenths for all the world labours to bring them what they need

for they live

:

close at hand, so that they in rest,

and with

reconciliation also

may

serve

GOD

their holy prayers

make

GOD and man.

And

between

maidens and widows who have taken

the oath of chastity, others,

please

are

GOD

bound

to

all

these,

pray.

with prayer will

He

more than that

will

offer it to

GOD

and loving heart, and will prepare himself before, as Solomon counsels " Before prayer, prepare thy soul, and be

with a free

will

:


ur Baity

104

IHIlorfc.

He tempts

not as one that tempteth GOD."

GOD who he prays

yearns not to win that for which or despairs to speed well therein

:

and who makes

man

and

sin

evil life

Of such

thinks not he loves. "

speaks

:

What

wonder

if

such

:

S.

;

a

Gregory our

tardily

by the Lord, when we all hear the Lord when He

prayers are heard tardily or not at "

commands

And

?

Isidore

have assured confidence in the

and

whom

sinful

of his prayer, let flee sin,

keep "

it

When

his

call

at

home

as

the

Gospel

speed

teaches

thou prayest, enter into thy

i.e.,

of

;

"

thine heart home," " " ;

will

is

him do what good he can heart from the world, and

Enter," he says,

door

who

GOD

of

Whoever

and shut thy door, and pray "

cannot

remembrance

the

doing delights."

He

in his prayers

commands

even thus far slothful,

" :

and

closet,

to thy Father." "

thy bed," that "

;

is,

call

then fasten thy

hold thy wits in thee, that


105

<S>ur 2>ailp TCIlorfe.

none go out."

GOD

come

For

but

it is

pray to

folly to

needy wretches, to give us alms of His dear-worthy grace, and to

to us, poor

not abide His coming, but turn our back on

Him.

says that the soul must be

S. Isidore

cleansed from the stain of sin, and the heart

be withdrawn from the provocations of the world, in order that prayer

hindrance to GOD.

For

may

rise

far is that

without

man from

GOD, pray he never so much, whose prayers are mixed with worldly thoughts therefore :

says the Psalm

GOD."

"

Be

still,

This ought to

stir

and

see that I

us up to pray with

and consideration

great dread

am

for

we speak

with Almighty-Goo, when we are naught but

unworthy wretches. For so did Abraham, " GOD'S private friend, who said I speak :

to

my

And

Lord which

Isidore says

sighings

grimly

and

sins,

" :

tears,

and

am

but dust and ashes."

we ought

to

pray with

and remembrance

of the

many

of our

pains and bitter


106

Worfc.

<s>ur E>ail

we

shall

us,

and He have pity on us."

endure for them, unless we amend

who

Also, he

prays shall hope to speed well in that for

which he prays "

Himself said,

Christ

for

;

All things are possible to the believing

we

therefore

GOD

pray to

shall

He

For '

as

says to

Name, He

all

shall

second, to

whom

it

in prayer

himself

prepare

he shall ask in prayer

:

hinders prayer

prayer

and

:

is

:

the sixth, of.

says*

My

how a

before. :

The

the third,

the fourth, what

the

fifth,

what

what might and

The

is

written

Before

prayer,

first

"

begins

He

first,

he shall pray :

already,

love

There are

to you."

he shall pray

virtue

we

Father in

shall ask the

know

whom

....

His

shall give

six things to

for

if

our Father, and be His children.

Whatsoever ye

man

:

as to our

Father in that for which we pray,

Him

"

at,

prepare thy soul," and lasts as far as here. *

The MS.

is

defective.


ur

The second,

whom

to

Soothly, before

"

And

pray to Him."

"Thou

Be

107

thou pray

shalt

others, to

all

as the prophet bids,

says,

Morfe.

E>ail

GOD

Almighty,

subject to

the

in

shalt adore the

?

GOD and GOD

Gospel,

Lord thy GOD." i

Saints

we honour and pray

of goodness, but as

to win from fore, let

and

GOD'S friends to help us

certain hope, is

to

we pray

that

GOD

us believe in

Lord GOD

after.

with

all

There-

our heart,

and perfect charity our be loved. The third, for :

men pray ? A great clerk says, Every Christian man is a living member of

whom "

Him

not as givers

to,

shall

Holy Church, therefore for

all,

but specially for

as the Pope, Cardinals,

cure of men's souls friends

;

and

all

:

is

men

and

after,

all

of

Holy Church, Bishops, all who have

also for our foes

who

and our

are in deadly sin, that

may rise for whom GOD'S mercy

they, through grace, are in Purgatory,

he bound to pray

who have

:

all

who

awaits

;

occupations, both


108

ur Baity

And

quick and dead.

who prays

he

and sped "

all,

of his prayer

And

man

S.

S.

Gregory says that

the sooner shall be heard

thou prayest for

If

thee."

a

for

THIiorfc.

and

:

Jerome

" ;

;

pray for

will

all

all,

Ambrose

S.

Necessity binds

pray for himself, but charity of brotherhood stirs him to pray for all and to

:

charity,

The

hear."

prayer

more than

?

GOD

stirs

necessity,

fourth,

what

shall

Certainly,

grace

in

men

this

to

ask in

life,

and

endless joy in the other ; for so " us and says Seek first the

GOD

GOD and

these things

:

shall

His

justice,

and

be added unto you."

to those

who

kingdom

GOD

are righteous, to find

they need of earthly goods

makes men GOD'S his nature is

all

:

children,

bound

teaches

is

of

debtor

them what

for righteousness

and a father by

to find for his children.

Earthly goods are not to be asked in prayer, for

they have done harm to many, therefore

Solomon says "

How

long, ye fools, will ye


Work.

ur S)ail

which are hurtful to you

desire those things

Therefore, every

man

GOD

with

reasonable, that

He

will fulfil it

and

:

if

and

prayer be necessary

that his

see

should ask of

" ?

he ask and pray his Lord that

fear, that

He

109

if

be not necessary and reasonable, that

it

He

what may help and what may harm, the Leech knows better than the sick man. But one of these two shall we will

withdraw

it

for

;

have through prayer either, that we pray for, or that which is better for us. The fifth, what hinders our prayer from being trust to

heard by

;

God

Six things

?

the

:

first is

the

him who prays as GOD says through " when ye make many prayers, the prophet,

sin of

I will

;

not hear

of blood."

;

because your hands are

And David

upon iniquity with not hear."

have

His

hid "

Gospel

:

And

my

" :

If I

face

have looked

heart, the "

the prophet

from

;

us."

Because we know

full

GOD

Lord

will

Our

sins

And

the

does not


no

ur Bail

Mori*.

The second

hear Sinners."

ness of that for which

men

is

the un worthi-

pray, and that

GOD, through the prophet, forbids them to pray

for

" :

Pray not

(praise) nor prayer for

lift

up

will

not hear."

"

"

who was bound

me

I will

for I

;

in sin

holy

came

holy Abbot, S. Anthony, and said,

the

holy Father, have mercy on

for

them

It tells in the life of the

Fathers that one to

for this people, neither

" :

whom

to

me and

pray

the holy Abbot said

;

have no mercy on thee, unless thou

and leavest thy sin." The and idle thoughts, that hinder

helpest thyself third

is

foul

us from thinking on our prayers.

Of such

Gods says through His prophet. This people honour ME with their lips, but

false prayers,

"

their

heart

is

far

from ME."

It

is

great

wickedness of us unworthy wretches that

when we speak with prayer to Almighty GOD, we also unwittingly hearken not to what we say.

Soothly,

great

displeasure

we do

to


<>ur 2>atlv Morfe.

GOD when we pray Him and we

to hear our prayer,

but

it is

worse to waste our time in foul and

idle

not hear

will

ourselves

it

:

Abraham, when he made a

thoughts.

GOD, fowls of the and would have defiled

fice to

air lighted thereon, it

and he cleared

;

those birds away, so that none durst

nigh

made.

Let

GOD, when

and

I shall

do so with these the sacrifice of

defile

This sacrifice

is

agreeable

to

comes from a clean and loving

it

GOD

heart.

us

which

flying thoughts,

our prayer.

come

the time were passed, and the

it, till all

sacrifice

sacri-

bids

" :

send

send grace to thee

thou dost for ME,

I

forget

;

it

to

ME, and whatso

prayer

not."

The

fourth, that hinders our prayer from being

heard,

is

hardness of heart

two manners the "

poor

who

may

;

;

first

;

and that

is

in

hardness of heart against

and thereof the prophet says

shuts his ear to the cry of the poor, he

call

and

I

will

not hear him."

The


H2

ur IDailp Morfc.

other

is

not

will

who have misdone them

forgive to those

such,

Solomon

neighbour

who has

to

who

the hardness of those

:

"

says

thy

Forgive

:

injured thee while

he

prays to thee, and thy sins shall be forgiven."

And

"As thou

the Gospel says:

thou hast aught against

if

praying, forgive

any, and your Father which will

is

The

sins."

your

forgive

standest

in

heaven

fifth,

hinders our prayer from being heard,

is little

men pray GOD stores

yearning after the things that

and

up

"

S.

Augustine says

for thee, that

be desired

" ;

with thy whole heart

for

hastily, that so

He

will

it

for

:

this

may

not to give to Thee

thou mayst learn great things

And

greatly to desire." " if

:

that

S.

Gregory says

with our mouth we pray after the

:

bliss

and do not yearn for it in our we are crying still." The sixth, that

of heaven,

heart,

hinders our prayer

that

we

fill

our

;

lips

is

foul

with

;

and for

if

idle speech,

thou givest


<>ur 2>ailp Morfe.

113

a great lord drink in a slutty cup, were the drink never so good, he would feel disgust

and bid throw

therewith, thirst

never so sore

so

:

it

away, were

GOD

prayer that comes from a foul

esteems

does with a

mouth

not, but turns therefrom. "

it

fore says S.

Gregory

are denied with foolish talking, so less are

sixth,

they heard by

GOD

before this

themselves

soothfastness,

idle,

prayed for

:

of

the

is

of.

who kept

age,

and

spoke

won from GOD what they and that was shewn

hermit Florentius,

unknown

lips

The

in prayer."

Men who were

nothing

There-

much

what might and virtue prayer in

He

;

The more our

:

his

who dwelt

men.

to a holy

in a wilderness

So much vermin was

there about this hermitage, that none durst

come

thither

in that land,

came

at

by a long way.

who heard of

A

deacon was

this hermit,

and he

the last to the place where this

hermit was dwelling

;

but he saw so

much


H4

<>ur 2>ail\> Morfc.

vermin about that he durst not come near but cried out for help in

came out

know who

to

:

The holy man was that cried and

fear.

it

;

man standing there, and inquired what " he would have. And the deacon said holy he saw a

;

Father,

now

I

enough

have found thee, if I

for these

many." fell

have sought thee from

I

I

should have joy

might come to thee, but

venomous beasts that

When

down on

He would

the holy

his knees,

and

far,

man

I

cannot

are here so

heard

this,

he

and prayed GOD that

worms

destroy those

and

:

all

soon a grisly storm arose with a thunder,

and slew

the

all

hermit to our Lord

worms. " ;

Then

said

the

Lord, these beasts

here so thickly, that I cannot

come

to

lie

him

nor he to me, save we be poisoned by them. Lo, Lord, they

lie

here dead, but

who

shall

"

them away ? At his word, many birds came, and carried them all clean away.

lift

Hereof speaks

S.

"

Gregory

:

Because GOD'S


<S>ur

Baity TOorfc.

115

servants withdraw themselves from the world

and

works, uselessly they cannot speak

its

so they bind

them

to silence that they dare

say no word save

be teaching others or

it

GOD and therefore, when they GOD aught, He grants it at once." But

praising

:

woful wretches, that chatter

all

who

the day like magpies

now twist, now speak now backbite, now swear

evil,

for

;

we,

our mouth

is

now

now

;

quarrel,

great oaths, these

our prayer and hinder

heard

ask

deal with the world,

lie,

defile

:

it,

as far

that

it is

not

from praying

near the world with idle speech."

GOD, as

it is

Prayer

is

that

masters the fiend, and hinders him

it

so mightful

from doing

whom

go to the other side tidings

how

it

it

For so

his will.

Julian the

if

have

it

its

right,

did the fiend

Emperor commanded to of the world to bring him

was

there.

When

he had

flown ten days' journey thitherward, he came

over the place that Publius the hermit dwelled


n6

ur S>ail> Morfe.

who was praying

in,

And

at that time.

his

prayer overtook the fiend, and held him there fast

fully ten

for

days

and when he ceased, turned back, for he could no further

hermit was in prayer the fiend

that time, the

all

:

go, since prayer hindered him.

When thou hast gathered home

thine heart

and hast destroyed the things that might hinder thee from praying, and won to that devotion which GOD sends to

and

its wits,

thee through His dear-worthy grace, quickly rise

no

from thy bed at the bell-ringing

bell

be there,

there be

neither

love

wake

And

zeal,

cock and

let

cock nor

rooted in love,

bell,

;

let

:

if if

GOD'S

most pleases GOD. wakens before both

and has washed her

sweet love-tears

and

the cock be thy bell

thee, for that

bell,

:

face with

and her soul within has

GOD with devotion, and liking, and bidding Him good-morning, and with other heavenly gladness which GOD sends to His joy in


ur Baity TOorfc.

117

Blessed are they above others

lovers.

GOD wakens,

for

they have

whom

joys while

many

others sleep, for they find that gladness before

them,

rise

they never so soon

thus says

self

ME, he

"he

:

shall find

ME

GOD Him-

for

;

that early wakens to to speak with him,

and

ME, and have ME at Be then a waker, and rise quickly,

shall rejoice himself in his will."

and thank heartily thy Lord GOD, for the rest thou hast had, and for the care of angels. Since a knight has great liking to be called

come and speak with the king, when he knows it is for his great profit with greater to

:

reason,

ought GOD'S knight, that

is

every

Christian

man,

to be ready at the calling of

his Lord,

Who

calls

and

for nothing else.

him

for his great profit,

Soberly, rise thou with

a good cheer, and think that thou hearest " call thee with these words Arise :

love,

My

thy face

fair one, :

I

GOD

My

and come and shew Me

yearn that the voice of thy


n8

ur Batty Morfc,

thy in

how

rising,

soul

ears."

Think

many men and some

in soul,

some

:

Mine

that night

and some

life,

and

ring in

may

prayer

some

burned,

in

perished in

body

drowned,

some suddenly dead without repentance or shrift, and their souls drawn by fiends to hell

some

;

gluttony,

fallen into

other several sins.

And from

GOD hath

and

so,

GOD

that

suffer so

as lust,

all

and

these perils,

delivered thee, of His

goodness not of thy desert.

done to

sin,

manslaughter,

envy,

theft,

thy good

deadly

He

What

hast thou

should care for thee

many

others to be lost

?

and peradventure thou hast done worse than they have done. If thou lookest well at

what GOD has done

for thee

though thou

hast not served Him, thou mayst find that

busy to do thee profit as if He had naught else to do, and as if He had

GOD

is

as

forgotten this whole world, and thought only

on

thee.

When

thou hast

this thought,

lift


ur

up thine heart

2>atl\>

Work. "

GOD and

to

say

Thee, dear-worthy Lord, with

Who

119

I

thank

my

heart,

:

all

hast thus cared this night for me, a

unworthy wretch, and hast suffered me that with life and health I thus abide this so

day.

thank Thee, Lord,

I

good, and to

many

others that

for

this

Thou

great

hast done

me, a so unkind and unworthy wretch,

more than

all

others

that

:

Thou shewest me

And

such kindness against

my

put thyself and

thy friends in GOD'S

hands,

all

and say thus

evil deeds."

" :

Into

Thy

dear-

worthy hands, my Lord, I yield my soul and body, and all my friends, kindred and stranger

:

and

all

bodily or ghostly, Christianity

:

Thy Mother,

who have done me good and all who have received

that

Thou,

for

the

love

of

that dear-worthy Maiden, and

the beseeching of

Thy

Saints defend us this

day or this night from all soul, and from all deadly

perils of sins,

body and

from tempta-


120

ur 2>ailp Morfe.

tion

the

of

devil,

from the pains of

Do Thou

them.

and sudden death, and hell, and make us dread

hallow our hearts with grace

Thy Holy Ghost, and make us, whatsoever we do here, do Thy will, that we never of

from

separate

When

Thee,

dear

Amen."

Lord.

thou hast done, go to the Church or

Oratory

and

:

if

thou canst win to none,

make thy chamber thy Church. church

most devotion to pray,

is

GOD on better

:

and

the

for then

the altar to hear those that to

them what they ask

pray, and grant is

In

or

in presence of Saints,

is

Him what

and

in

worship of churches that are hallowed, protection of angels

who

Lord and thee

for their office

thy prayer, and bear

are there to serve their is

to receive

GOD, and bring thee grace from Him, as S. Bernard says " Rise then quickly, at GOD'S call, and put it

to

:

all

heaviness from thee, and answer thy Lord

with the words which Samuel said to

GOD


<>ur 3DaiI

Who for

him

called

Thy

121

IHIlorfc.

in the night

'

Speak Lord,

:

'

servant heareth.'

For eight things we ought to wake and ever be doing good strait

way we have

that are so few

:

short

this

:

to go

life

the

:

our good deeds

:

our sins that are so

many

death that we are sure of and wot not when the strait and so hard for every idle

doom

:

:

of Doom's-day,

thought shall be shewed there,

then shall every foul word and sinful work

be greatly pressed, for careless

wilt

word,"

etc.

:

GOD

and

S.

"

says

is

"

Anselm,

thou do in that day when

expended

For every

required of thee

all

the time

how

;

what

it

has

been laid out by thee, even to the minutest thought." pain of hell

The seventh thing :

the eighth,

is

is

the strong

the joy of heaven.

After thine uprising, pray for the souls that are in pain of Purgatory,

hearest "

and think that thou

them cry on thee the words

of

Job

:

Have mercy on me, have mercy on me, my


122

<S>ur

Bail? Worfc.

hand

for the

GOD

of

laid

upon me/' and help them with De Profundis, and friends,

is

After, greet our Lady, with Salve

Absolve,

Go then

Regina,

on

Church,

and bid thy vain thoughts and

thy

knees.

to

the

business of the world keep outside thereof

and at thine incoming, say to thy "

:

soul,

Enter thou into the joy of thy Lord, and

thou shalt hear His Voice, and behold His

Holy Church Heaven. After,

the entrance and

temple."

is

gate of

fall

Cross,

down

before the

and honour Him because He was

slain

"

on the Cross, and say We adore Thee, O Christ, and bless Thee, because by Thy holy Cross Thou didst redeem the world." And then before thou uprisest, have in thy mind

how

hotly His love burned, That died for

thee on the Cross.

but

open that

first

my all

After, begin thy matins, "

cross thy lips " " lips

:

i.e.,

and say

Lord, open

O

Lord,

my

lips

night have been shut from praising


TOorfc.

<S>ur IDatlp

Thee, and

cannot open them, except Thou

I

And

help me." torium,

with

these

"

say

of

my

foes,

I

in

adju-

pour out thine

words,

Doom's-Man, before Thee

me

DEUS

then say,

GOD and

heart before

avenge

123

;

my

Lord, as

stand

:

which hinder

do Thou

me from

and they assail me keenly so be soon overcome unless Thou dost

serving Thee,

that

I

And

at Gloria Patri, bow down " say with thine heart, Lord, of Thy

help me."

and

Turn thee

blessing, I beseech Thee."

angels

who stand about

to the

to thy comfort

and

and as thy wardens to keep thee from thy foes, and thus say to them Venite exultemus, Domino. Afterwards, cast thine eye help,

on somewhat, and keep makest thy prayers, for

this helps

the stabling of thine heart

thy Lord, as

He was on

there while thou

it

;

much

and paint

the cross

;

to

there,

think on

His feet and hands that were nailed to the tree

;

and on the wide wound

in

His

side,


ur Dailp Udorfc.

124

through the which way His heart

;

is

made

to thee, to

thank thy Lord thereof, and love

Him

therefor

may

win, find treasure of love.

for these, they

:

who

thither

Think thou

His wounds streaming of blood, and

seest falling

down on

down and

lick

the earth

and

;

up that blood

kissing the

tears for

win

earth,

fall

thou

sweetly, with

with remembrance

that rich treasure, which for thy sins

was shed, and say thus with thine heart " Why lieth this blood here as if lost, and :

I

Why drink I not of this rich payment that my Lord gives me to drink and cool my tongue, and hear what perish for thirst

GOD

?

me

says to

He who

:

Thou

come and drink.

pleasant the Lord is

how

shall taste

how

;

is thirsty, let

and

sweet,

see

him how

how mild,

With such meditations, angels thy soul, and GOD is there, and says

merciful.

come

to

to His lover

" :

What

should do for thee

" ?

wouldest thou that

and thou dost answer

I ;


ur Bailp "

Lord

it

is

and outcast

enough of

and love Thee, If

125

TKIlorfc.

me, a

for

sinful

wretch

Thee

people, to praise

Thy

could, for so I well ought."

if I

thou canst win to such thinkings in thy

prayers, thou shalt have such joys that shall S.

be a pain to thee to think of aught

it

else.

Bernard, for the liking that he had for

such stirrings desired that matins-time might last

till

Dooms-day.

standest

or

when thou

Think,

kneelest

in

prayer,

that

thou

JESUS Christ come with angels and holy Saints on each side, and angels carrying seest

before

Him

from the

GOD up be

in

basketsfull of help which

feasts

heaven

:

of

Saints

that

who

is left

dwell with

GOD bade them

gather

to help the poor with, that naught might lost.

This help

who would

GOD had GOD cry

is

meat to us poor wretches,

perish in

pity on us. " :

default

it,

unless

Think thou hearest

Whoso has need

forth thine hand,

of

and have."

of meat, put

And bow thou


0ur Baity

126

TKTlorfc.

with thine head to GOD, and lament thy

poverty to in

Him and

mine house

" ;

"

say

and

long meatless have

I

There

"

also say,

that

been,

Thou

that

my

givest."

in

life

Stir

Lord, so

;

up with

thyself

devotion and raise

it

to

even until thou thinkest thou hearest say to thee, will

fill

it."

"

Open thy mouth

And

and

me, save meat

such recollections, and by others that kindle thy

of

die

I

me

hunger save Thou takest pity on

naught can hold

no bread

is

may Him,

Him

wide, and I

then, through GOD'S grace,

shalt thou feel something of that heavenly

food that feeds

all

Hallows, that thou mayest

with liking sing the Maiden's Song, that

GOD'S

salutari

grace,

anima

mea

spiritus

meus in

DEO

When GOD,

through

His

Mother's,

dominum

et

Magnificat

exultavit

meo.

sends thee

such

kindly to the angels

and to them say

:

is

turn

likings,

who stand

"I pray you

thou

before thee,

as

my

keepers


ur

whom GOD

H)ail\>

Udorfc.

has sent to me, that

ye thank

And

turn thou

your good Lord for me." then to the '

Truly,

127

where

altar,

O GOD,

great

GOD is

truly

and

is,

Thy mercy towards

"

me," that

is

Soothly Lord, great

is,

say,

mercy that Thou she west

to

me."

Thy With

such love-stirrings,

GOD comes

and waits not

the prayer be made, but

presses

in

till

the

to

midst,

to His lovers

:

and softens the

languishing soul, with a bedewing of heavenly

sweetness

and

:

tears

and

sighings

messengers of GOD'S coming.

they

who

thus

Blessed are

mourn and languish

for they shall never separate

are

to

GOD,

from GOD, but

Him ever at their will. How GOD comes to His lovers

have

sometimes

He

departs from them.

;

and how

GOD, when

He comes to His lovers gives them to taste how sweet He is and before they can fully feel, He goes from them, and, as an Eagle, ;

spreads His wings, and rises above them, as


128

if

<)ur 2Dailp Morfc.

He

said

sweet to

am

I

the

hearts

" :

:

full,

up

Some

part mayst thou feel

but

if

ye

fly

up

how

will feel this sweetness

Me, and

after

am

to Me, where I

lift

sitting

your

on

My

Father's right hand, and there ye shall be fulfilled in

lovers

them

to

GOD comes

joy of Me."

comfort them

to His

he departs from

;

humble themselves, and that they should not over-much pride themselves for the joy that they have of His so that they should

for if thy spouse were aye with coming thee, thou wouldest esteem thyself over well :

and despise others

:

and

if

thee thou wouldest impute

not to Grace.

He were it

aye with

to nature

and

Therefore, through His grace,

He comes when He

will,

and

to

whom He will,

and departs when He will so that His long dwelling makes one not more unworthy but that after His departing, He be more :

;

yearned for and sought with zealous love and sighings

and

tears.

But beware thou, GOD'S


Baity Morfc. lover,

129

though thy Spouse withdraw Himself

from thee

for a while,

He

sees all

thy deeds,

and thou canst hide nothing from Him and if He wit thou lovest any but Him, unless :

it

be for love of Him, or

if

thou makest any

love-semblance to other than Him, so soon

He

departs from thee.

Jealous

delicate, noble

and

than the sun

in fairness

He

;

surpasses,

rich

;

is

seven times brighter

and might

and what so He

turns from see

none.

shame-full,

longing

him

Therefore,

for

be

sees

in

any

dear,

Him

thou chaste,

and with

of heart,

above

And when GOD withdraws likeness

done

soon, for uncleanness can

and mild

yearn

others

who should be His

stain of filth in one

He He

He

If

hell.

all

wills is

?

heaven and earth and

thy Spouse,

and sweetness from

this

life,

things.

heavenly

thee, as

times need be in this deadly

and

all

love-

some-

give not

to

world

but to prayer and meditation, read-

;

fleshly

lusts

likings

of

the

thyself


ur Bailp

130

of

ever

mourn thou

who

after such

after

thy love, as a young

For he that,

misses his Mother.

knowing

sweetness, turns sin,

And

Holy Writ, or honest work.

ing

child

IKIlorfe.

of

GOD and

tasting of His

him back and

gives

him

to

he has no defence for his sin against

An unhappy

GOD.

chance

it

care to love the fellowship of

is

and

full of

GOD and

of His

angels and Saints and to serve the fiend and follow his counsel with lusts

works of

sin

:

and

likings

and

that heart which was hallowed

through the Holy Ghost to be GOD'S temple, that was raised here above his nature to have

heavenly likings and joy with GOD,

makes

itself

thoughts that

it

:

is

and

loathly

foul

all

soon

with

foul

those ears that heard the words allowable to speak to none, open

themselves to hear back-bitings and lyings

and other

idle

now were

baptized with tears, open them-

speech

selves to see vanities

:

;

those eyes that just

that tongue that just


ur Smtlp

now spake

to

GOD

TKHorfc.

131

in prayer, all soon

with

that dirty tongue, forswears, backbites, and

Pray we to GOD that of His goodness He keep us from these vices. Of GOD'S coming men may know by this

speaks foul words.

that

S.

stirred

Bernard says of

man

in

meek and

When

thou art

outer or inner spirit to

care for righteousness to be

" :

and stand up

for

it,

patient, to love thy brothers

GOD, to be buxom to thy superiors, to love chastity and cleanness in body and soul, token is it that Almighty GOD comes to visit in

thy soul."

If

thou takest godly chastening

from thy friend stir

thy

sin,

or words that

thee to virtues and good ways, this makes

and token

GOD'S coming. Then thou puttest from thee slowness and heavi-

way if

for

for

ness,

words hastes

of

and with a love-yearning ;

then

Him

has to thee

dear-worthy

to thee, for the ;

kindles

likest

such

GOD thy Lord desire that GOD

thy desires to have


Morfc.

ur 3Dail

132

likings for such words,

and makes thee

repent thy sin and

amend thy

He wakens

at His incoming, it

and softens

and

wine,

stirs it to

it,

and washes

softens

it

For,

wounds with

its

them with

oil

it

;

that

He

rives

as a gardener

is,

has misdone,

with hope of mercy and

giveness of sins. roots,

life.

the soul, stirs

repent bitterly what

and softens

bitterly

for-

up by the weeds, and

sin

does evil

good trees, and sows good seed, where the weeds grew. So does GOD, who is called grafts

a gardener while rives

up

sins

soul virtues

He bedews

He

in

is

man's soul

:

He

by the roots, and grafts in that and good ways what was dry :

it

with grace

:

what was black

and mirk, He makes it white what was bound, He looses what was cold, He makes :

:

warm

with love.

these stirrings,

By

thou know thy Lord

is

come

;

by

mayst

stirring of

thy heart, destroying of vices, withdrawing

from

lusts,

amending

of

life,

repenting mis-


ur

2>ail\> TOorfc.

new man

deeds, beginning of a

He

in

And by

day more and more. thou wit, when

133

this

goes from thee

ness wanes, slow thou waxest dry as a stone

GOD, every

mayst

the glad-

;

and heavy,

love cools in thee like a pot that

;

had been welded, and the fire was withdrawn therefrom. But then needs the soul to

mourn

He come

sorely until

thy GOD, say this "

superscription

if

?

If

on to leave the Lord

foul thoughts egg thee

"

again.

Whose he says

is

"

this

image and

Caesar's," that

the prince of this world, that is the fiend of " Go again thou foul fiend hell, say to him,

is

with thy

false

thee to hell

Lord dwells to

deal

;

money

for

my

it

again with

and

my

herein, therefore have I no time

Think on that holy

with thee."

in Nazareth,

and soul

bear

gates are shut,

made

greeting that Gabriel

Mary

:

how

in that time

;

to that maiden,

joyful she

was

in

body

through that quieting,

with her assent, she was

fulfilled of grace, so


<>ur

134

that she

and

2>ail\> Udorfc.

won might and power,

earth,

and

world's health

hell

;

and on her hangs

and restoring

Think on the birth

fell.

in heaven, all

the

of those

that

of her Child,

how

Him without sorrow and grief that other women have naturally in time of

she bare all

birth

;

and she clean maiden

when He was before an ox

born, they laid

and an

ass,

the light of torches as lords

Him

:

therefore

men do

;

He

with

before great

came a

there

Him fire

heaven that lighted the house He was

Bethlehem

a crib

in

other cradle had

There was none to serve

none.

Think

after.

in,

from

and

and angels came from heaven

to sing the child asleep with a

merry voice. Think how Three Kings came from far lands through knowing of a star, and offered Him think how sweetly gold, incense and myrrh :

the child smiled on them, and with His lovely

eyes sweetly looked on them.

poorly His Mother was clad

Think how

when the Kings


<S>ur 2)ail\>

kneeled before her

:

for

Work.

135

on her she had but a

white smock as the clerks say, more to cover herself with than for

Think

shewing of pride.

how His Mother came with Him Temple to make her offering and bowed to fulfil the Law as Think how the old

sinful.

of cleansing, if

they were

priest

Symeon

took the Child in his arms, and blessed

GOD

for there, through the stirring of the

Ghost, he saw the Saviour of

between

His

hands,

might pass out eyes have seen

Think

of

and then

all this

Holy world

Him Who

saves the folk."

Mother had when

Him and sought Him three days, found Him among the Masters,

hearing and inquiring of points of the Law.

Think how He came to be christened of

John

Him

:

:

and prayed that he " this world, for mine

of that sorrow His

she missed

the

to

how

S.

the Holy Ghost lighted then on

in the likeness of a

Dove, the Father

there with voice recorded that

He was

His


ur

136

2>atl\>

Think how He hallowed wedlock

Son.

in

the house of the Ruler of the Feast, and there, to

show that He was Almighty GOD changed

water into wine.

In the wilderness,

fasted 40 days without

came the

fiend that

meat

tempted

;

how he

how He

Him

over-

with three

:

with gluttony, and covetousness, and vainglory,

and

preaching, for

were

wonder men had

of the all

He spake to them How He healed the sick,

the words

full of grace.

raised

the

of His

dead,

gave sight to the blind,

speech to the dumb, health to the leper, with

touching of His hands

:

and many other

sicknesses that were in their nature incurable,

He

healed through the might of His words,

for

He

could do more than Nature.

He was weary at the well

;

of

much

going

;

rested

and then He bade give

water to drink for

He

thirsted sore.

How Him Him Then,

open thine heart with sore sighings, and think on the passion and pains that JESUS


ur Bailp Udorfe. Christ suffered,

on the

as

137

they are written before

xviii leaf.*

He may

ask grace of GOD, and certainly

trust to speed,

who

up with

here stirs himself

good works, and with devotion and flavours

to

his

them

so that they

waking,

fasting,

hard

of

penance,

in

GOD,

it

and other

we do with devotion and

likings

behoves that so they be done with

a glad heart, and with a freedom of

Devotion

is

a worthy affection that

to the heart to gladden

he to have this

is

it

gift,

with

:

with our belief what

*

On

we

is

above

us,

spirit.

GOD

sends

but unworthy

that will

dwelling-place in his heart for

us not, for

as

forbearing

fighting,

of fleshly lusts, prayers, almsdeed,

things that

:

be savoury

may

Works

dear Lord.

likings

make no

We

it.

but

it

are so full of earth that

seek

savours

we have

the 1 8th leaf of the MS. containing Our Daily Work Richard Rolle's Meditations on the Passion. A rendering begins of this is given in Fr. R. H. Benson's A Book of the Love of JESUS.


ur Batty Worfe.

138

lost

our taste.

the

stirrings

suffer

his

him

I

?

that

enemy

the

fiend

often

so

grieve

Among all GOD most,

promises His grace to

and

forges,

overthrow

to

because we will not

GOD

all

:

and GOD

that will to receive,

that their vessel be clean and

receive

world,

lasting

is

S.

empty to " The Bernard says :

loaded with covetousness of the

can have neither devotion nor liking

it

GOD

But

in.

it

heart that

in

feel

other (things) I trow

labour to win this grace of

if

many men

see nothing that does this, save lack

of grace.

we

do so

Why

for

;

and a

soothfastness failing thing,

and vanity, a a ghostly thing

and a bodily cannot be brought together at any time." So worthy a thing is the comfort of

GOD

that

it

will

where other comfort liking in it

is.

not rest in a breast

So delicious

Him, that with no other

accord.

Whoso yearns

is

the

liking can

after other

com-

fort to glad himself with, witnesses against


ur himself unless

Morfc.

139

GOD'S

he withstands

that

it

2>ail\>

grace

:

be honest comfort betimes that he

thereby glad his nature with, and better

may

serve GOD.

After thou hast spent thy time

and holy thoughts and good works,

in prayers,

GOD'S holy dread, prepare thyself for food to strengthen thy nature which would else

in

fail.

And

man

clothe

to this intent shall every Christian

and feed

his

body

may

In the morning, thou shalt go to thy

meat, with soberness and measure

thy

it

whatsoever he

the better serve his Lord, in does.

that

;

self in

make thou fed thee,

thy meat-time praising to thy

and

and

;

;

care for

after meat,

Lord that He has

also before meat,

and

for all the

good deeds that He has done to thee. First, or ever thou goest to meat, thou shalt mourn as holy

eat

and

Job

I sigh,"

did,

who

because

feeble for

thus says,

my

Adam's

nature sin

;

is

"

Before

I

made weak

and every day

needs bodily meat to uphold the nature that


i

4o

else

ur Baity

would the

tells in

life

I

said,

time.

little

And, as

of the holy Fathers

when he

that holy man, "

and

a

fail in

TKflorfc.

am ashamed

ate,

it

Isidore

;

he wept sore

of myself for I live

by beastly meat as other beasts do that have no reason by nature and I, GOD'S reason;

able

made

creature,

like

Himself, that

to

should have dwelt in Paradise, and there

have been fed with heavenly food." When thou findest delight or savour in meat and drink, think all

on the heavenly Saints

likings pass by,

till

we

and we be never

Men

thereof.

feel

of

whom

satisfied

religion

hear

lessons of holy men's lives at their meat, so

that as the

is

body

fed with bodily food, so

the soul be fed with holy words. is

as a burning furnace,

young drinks

;

and

make

fore says S. is

double

delicious

that

John

fire."

fire

" :

and

Man's body

specially in the

and hot meats and

to burn hotter

:

there-

Plenty in time of youth

Therefore

all

that kindles


TOorfc.

<S>ur 2>ail

sin in the flesh is to

man

" says,

and

wine

And

And

a wild

which

and hunger." burden

fall

"

John

;

Flesh-

are

is

tamed with

to be

And Solomon

to the ass,"

Wisely should a

flesh.

S.

kindling of fleshly " the flesh is as S. Austin ;

stirrings." colt,

The wise

fled from.

thou wilt abate the flame,

If

abate the brands."

meat

be

" ;

bridle

Rod and

that betokens our

man

consider

the

meat that comes before him, and take of them in such measure that they grieve him not,

but that through them, he

GOD "

better.

Therefore

Ever when thou

S.

may

bids

John

eatest, ever

serve :

hunger thou,

that after meat thou mayst read and pray

and serve GOD

better.

Holy men who have been before us enjoyed strong sharp meat, more to abate hunger than for pleasure.

Some

lived

by and

some by roots, some by spices herbs and fruit that the earth bore and grass,

;

in


142

whatso they ate they destroyed

might

them

stir

manus mixed should

feel

all

taste that

Also, S. Ger-

to pleasure.

ashes with his bread, that he

no pleasure

in

meat-time.

his

Other sauce than hunger, they took none. S.

"

Gregory says

:

bread made of bran and

water, with cold or other simple pottage

is

good food to the well-taught stomach, with sauce of GOD'S love

if

he have

it

therewith

:

without this sauce, no sustenance has savour that

man

the night fast three

the

Some

enjoys."

days together.

Lenten-tide,

when they :

all

meat before

some only every other day

;

save

naught but raw leaves.

fish

eat no

eat,

some

;

Machari fasted

and

Sundays,

all

ate

Some take no heed

nor what they eat, flesh or

tasted alike to them, so that after-

wards, they wist not what they ate.

when they were

set

down

to meat,

Some,

and meat

was brought before them, they forgot to eat, for so they spent the day and the night in


<>ur 2>ailp Morfe.

143

holy speech, that they thought of naught else, till

the undern-tide* of the second day,

so that the brethren

came

why

they could not eat

first

time, thought they of

to

them and asked

and then, for the meat, and they ate

:

then as they thought good, in GOD'S holy

When

thou art

set to

fear.

thy meat, make before

thee a cross on the board with five crumbs to stir thee

up

Him who

to think on

thee on the .Cross

;

and

think, here

died for lies

His

head that was crowned with thorns, there His hands, there His feet that were nailed fast

;

there

was His sweet

side

full

that was

opened with the spear, from which came both blood and water to heal

When

thou hast so done

my if

thou canst, take

part of thy bread and of thy

fish,

and lay

it

and say thus quietly in thine heart, Lord, what wilt Thou give me for this

by "

dirty wounds.

*

itself,

A meat-time between sunrise and noon, or between

sunset.

noon and


ur

144

pittance

I

make

Morfe. to

Thee

how many

?

how many love-yearnings and Thee ? how many comforts Ghost,

how many

how many lovely eyes

?

Lord, wilt

that the poor hungry sake, give

me

longings after

shall

Holy

good things,

me

Thou

man

the

of

stirrings to

lockings towards

tears,

with

Thy

for this

meat

have

the love of Thee

for

"

Thy

When

?

thou hast eaten what thou thinkest good,

thank thy Lord that He hath fed ^hee. After meat, be thou worthy, and keep thee from

much

speech and idle games, and hold thy

wits inward in fear of GOD.

Seemly

it is

to

man, and pleasing to GOD, that his bearing be more honourable and temperate after meat than before

:

that no

taking of excess be

seen in him, that the flesh better in reading, praying

works, that

may

may

serve the soul

and other ghostly

help to good things.

Even-song say, with the devotion that

Then

GOD

sends thee, in Church or Oratory, or where-


ur

Morfe.

2>ail

soever them mayst say

it

best,

145

away from

the

and throng of the world. After, if thou needest, go sup and short be thy supper time so in measure take thou meat and noise

:

:

drink that

it

be no burden nor grievance to

thy nature, nor hindrance to serve thy Lord

;

or in time of rest reave from thee thy sleep

;

or the fiend defile thee with foul temptations in thy sleep, as he often does

him who goes

to bed with a full stomach. Every " as S. John says, according as he

or old, or according as his body less,

or whole or sick

;

is

take what

man is

eat,

strong

greater or is

needful

and not as pleasure After supper, go to the Church or asks." other place, where thou mayst be most at for sustenance of nature,

rest,

as S.

and say thy Compline, for in this time Ambrose saith, " birds in their language

praise their Lord,

and thank

kind, for the goods

thou then on thy

Him

after their

He has sent them." Call GOD and say Converte nos


Morfc.

ur 2>afl

146

DEUS

salutaris nosier y as

have been

if

"

he said,

Lord,

I

day hindered by the world, that has greatly hindered me from serving Thee

through temptation* of the fiend and

;

my

of

this

day have

flesh oft this

therefore,

my

I

done amiss

;

me now from the may hinder me from

Lord, turn

world, and from

that

all

Thee with a pure heart and with wits, so that they be intent on Thee

praising

all

my

to

work Thy

And

will."

Compline, and

after,

devotion that

GOD

then, say forth thy

other prayers with the

sends thee.

And

after,

before thou goest to bed, hold a chapter with thine heart, better than

and ask it

was.

of that sin that

of the

it

in

what things

is

it

Hast thou shriven thee

thou didst then and there

words that thou spakest there

that evil will that was in thee then

?

?

?

of

of that

wrong that thou didst and saidst there to him ? of that handling ? of that blame ? of that foul thought

?

of that thing left un-


<>ur Baity

Work.

147

done that thou should' st have done thou willing to leave

off

such vices

art

?

What

?

temptations withstood'st thou this day

?

in

what

?

in

art thou

what more

meeker than thou wast

chaste,

more

sober,

more

patient,

more temperate, more loving thy GOD in thy brother, or more liking in GOD hast thou than thou hadst

?

Hast

left

that sin that

thou, through habit, fallest into so oft

other

many

pleased

the

and

?

vices that thou hast done fiend

with

:

and

and grieved thy

good GOD, and hast barred thyself against the grace that should help thee.

And

then,

with a repenting of those sins that bite thy

knock on thy breast and say a Pater with Ave Maria, on thy knees, and

conscience, noster

soon in the morning shrive thee of those

sins.

And

shall

if

thou doest thus,

I

hope the fiend

be afeared to tempt thee, for thou art under

GOD'S ward, whilst thou bearest thee thus. After this reckoning, where-through thy soul


Work.

<>ur 2>ail\>

148

raised to a blessed hope to the Father oi

is

mercy, and thy rest

for

:

necessity, faintly will

And

if

waxes heavy, go to thy

flesh

thou hinderest thy

and work it

it

flesh of its its

beyond

might,

help thee, or hinder thee withal.

commit

or ever thou goest to rest

thyself

and thy friends into GOD'S hands, who for us was nailed to the tree, and beseech Him, for

He guard

His mercy, that

perils of

body and

this

mark soon he

written in the

life

;

all

and arm thee with

soul,

the token of the cross

thee from

for

where the fiend sees

flies.

Of

of S.

Edmund

this

it

mark, :

is

that as

he went one time alone, a child appeared to

him who was wonderfully "

Hail, my friend, whom I Edmund was surprised at

the child said to him, " ?

And

How

should

not "

thee before."

S. I

"

Edmund know

And

fair,

and

said,

love in GOD."

S.

this greeting,

and

knowest thou

me

said to the child,

thee

?

I

never saw

the child said to him,


<>ur '

When

by thy with for

that

my

I

149

thou didst learn in school, side

my

and ever

;

Lord has fastened

sat ever

I

have been

since I

thou

wheresoever

thee,

so

Worfc.

2>ail\>

hast

dwelt

me

to thee,

might never part from thee, such

Lord's

But behold on

will.

and read what thou

my

is

forehead,

He

seest there."

;

looked

and with heavenly letters, these four words, he saw there written, JESUS Nazarenus Rex iudeorum. Then said the as he told him,

" child,

This

is

my

Lord's

This

seest thus written.

name

will that

I

thou have in mind, and print

it

and

name

cross thy front with this

thou goest to sleep the fiend,

it

;

in

thy ;

soul,

before

and from harassings

shall protect thee

and from sudden death, and

all

he had spoken these words,

of

that night,

who

night cross themselves therewith."

away.

thou

name,

thus by

And when

he vanished

Carry some holy thoughts to bed

with thee, and say thy prayers,

till

sleep fall


<>ur Baity

150

on

To have

thee.

a sovereign help

meat and drink

is :

the prophet,

and if

with recollection of GOD'S

Keep

;

GOD

as

My

says through

law and

My

counsel,

thou sleepest thou shalt not be afraid

if

thou dost

And

and sweet,

sleep

measure and soberness in

law and Holy Writ "

soft

ever, as

rest

;

thy sleep shall be sweet."

thou wakenest,

lift

thine heart

GOD, with some holy thought, and rise and pray to thy Lord that He grant release to

from pains to the dead, and grace to the

and

living,

life

without end.

If

temptation

of lust stir thee in bed, think that thy

good Lord hung on the Rood for thee think on His five wounds that streamed down of ;

blood

:

knotty

think that His bed was the hard tree,

and instead

a crown of thorns. sighing,

till

And

thy desire

of a pillow

He had

say then, with sore "

cool,

My

dear- worthy

Lord hanged on the Rood for me in this soft bed, and welter me in

;

and

I lie

sin, like

a


TKftorfc,

foul

swine that loves but

Rise then

filth."

and hold thee with prayers, loveOf three points beware. sighings and tears. The first, that the devotions thou hast through quickly,

known

grace stirring, be not

of others

them, so far as thou mayest with

have such devotions and wilt

He

:

in

it is

will

hide

and

The second,

deed for fear of vain glory. that thou thinkest not

:

thy power to

when thou

stirrings

but only through GOD'S grace when that thou

third,

not over-well of thyself for such

thinkest stirrings

The

send them.

will

nor thinkest thou art therefore

;

GOD nor deem another more unworthy who does not as thou dost but when dear to

;

;

thou hast done

all

and grant it worth I do, Lord thyself,

:

thrall."

If

well,

in

words

for I

thou wilt

think soothly by

lose

" ;

am

It is

nothing

but a useless

no reward, deem

none other, but hold thyself most unworthy for

if

;

thou fastest or prayest more than


ur Baity

152

another, perchance another surpasses thee in

meekness, and patience and loving. fore think of

of

what thou

what thou hast.

lackest,

and not only

Nevertheless,

that thou should' st think on

and goods He has done

There-

GOD

wills

those graces

for thee, to stir thee

up to know thyself indebted to Him for them, and serve Him and love Him the more or ;

if

thou

beest in grief to glad thee with.

out that in GOD'S doom, one

times,

it falls

better

whom men deem

men deem

good.

and unclean dissolute,

And

Many

within.

worthy without Some worldly and are

friends within.

some, in man's sight bear themselves

sinful

to men's

;

and

in

wretches.

GOD'S

sight,

doom, and are

GOD'S bright

they stink

And some seem full

dear to

Almighty, for their inward bearing in

is

than some that

evil

and GOD'S private

like angels

as

Some-

sight.

is

sinful

GOD

heavenly

Therefore, judge

we

And pray we

for

none other save ourselves.


<>ur Baity TOorfc.

and

ourselves

others

all

Who

Mary's Son,

for us

Rood, that whoso

is

to

JESUS

153

Christ,

was nailed on the

bound

in deadly sin,

and they who are in good that He grant them end therein.

them

loose

Two

;

life,

messengers are come to thee to bring

The one

thee tidings.

comes from the other

Heaven if

He

hell to

is

called Fear,

is

warn thee

called

who

of thy danger

:

that comes from

Hope

to tell thee of bliss thou shalt have

thou doest

Fear says he saw so

well.

many betortured in hell, that if all the wits of men were in one, he could not tell them :

of gluttons, unchaste, robbers, thieves, rich

men with poor

:

their

judges

except for

servants

who would not

reward

:

thieves

;

and took

the

give judgment

who by subtilty deemsters who con-

treasurers

maintained injustice

demned

who harmed

:

men and delivered stark workmen who worked dishonestly

loyal

full

hire

;

tillers

of the soil

who


ur Bails

154

tilled

badly

who

souls,

them

neither

of all sorts of

;

wrought it

prelates,

;

with the care of men's

bitterly.

I

and sorrow

of pain

brimstone

ever,

for

taught

men who have wrongly

ever

lasting,

;

as hot

stinking

devils like dragons gaping ever thirst

nor

punished

saw that every one bought For there I saw want of all good,

then

;

and plenty burning

Work.

;

adders

fire

grisly

:

hunger and

and toads

gnawing on the sinful. Such sorrow and yelling and gnashing of teeth, I heard there, that nearly, for fear,

I lost

mirkness there was, that

and so

bitter

shed

Such

wits.

could grip

was the smoke that

the woe-ful wretches

and

I

my

it

;

made

it

glowing tears

;

them ban the day when Now, they long to die, and

bitterly I heard

they were born. cannot.

Death,

which,

hated, were liefer to

good of

them now than

this world.

thee that thou

sometime

amend

And

they all

therefore I

the

warn

thee of thy sins with


<S>ur

Baity Morfc.

155

and penance, and have a steadfast a seat I saw to leave them for ever

shrift will

made

:

for thee in hell of

burning

where

fire,

devils should pain thee ever unendingly.

That other messenger, who says he

come from Heaven

is

is

called

Hope

thee of

to tell

that untellable great joy that rules GOD'S friends

;

man

earthly of steel.

of

all

"to

tell

thereof as

is

friends, orders of angels,

gladdens them ;

all.

Of

all

GOD

beauty and riches that

wisdom and love and

and of

above,

Who

goodness, I saw last for ever

honour and power that never

I

may no

a gracious fellowship

holy saints, and Almighty

plenty

is

speak though his tongue were

For there

GOD'S

it

shall

everlasting joy.

fail

;

;

Then

heard melody and song of bright angels.

So worthy

is

that joy and so great withal,

that whoso might taste of

it

a blessed drop,

he should be so ravished in liking of GOD, and such yearning he should have to win thither,


ur Baity

156 that

With

all

joys of the world were pain to him.

so great a love he should be overtaken

in yearning to

hundred times

win to that it

bliss,

should more

that by a

stir

him

to

love virtue and flee sin than any fear he

might have of the pain of thee for sooth,

if

hell.

thou wilt leave

wherein thou shalt

unendingly.

I tell

sin,

and

Him as thou GOD has made dwell with Him

do GOD'S bidding, and love oughtest, a rich and a fair seat for thee

And


Morfc.

157

THIRD PART OF THE BOOK. third

THE

and the

teaches a

man

last part of this

book

to bear himself, where-

soever he comes, and whatsoever he does that

it

:

be to the praise of GOD, and an

example of good to

who

all

the Apostle counsels

" :

see

him

for thus

:

Let everything be "

"

all that is done honestly and in order that ye do, look ye do it honestly and orderly." ;

Then

at the

first, let

every lover of

GOD

see

that ye yearn not to mingle with the world, that hinders and deceives it,

who

deal with

and hinders them from the many good

deeds they might do.

nowhere see

all

rest

many

heart,

And

the

man who

but aye rake about

;

will

their eyes

things, that the eye sends to the

and such come not out

easily

when they


<>ur Batty

158

are once imprinted.

S.

the harms that he

felt

Bernard complains of in the

"

he was therein, and says

world whilst

the world sur-

me and weighed me down " The world has besieged me on

rounded '

is

that

:

every

and through the gates of my five wits shot at me and wounded me full sore

side it

;

;

and through the wounds, death presses in, Mine eyes look, and to slay my sorry soul.

my

Mine ears hear and I

me in sin. bows me thereto.

thought changes and kindles

my heart

my nose, and it pleases my With my mouth I speak, and in

smell with

thoughts.

my

speech

with a

my bow

man

little

flesh

cannot

I please or

;

see,

bent."

beguile others

:

and

over-soft feeling, lust kindles in

and the

my

fiend,

stands ever against Therefore,

to go into this world,

stirrings to sin,

if

foe,

me

whom

I

with his

necessity

make

where are so many

with great fear shall he go,

as into a battle to fight his foes.

It

needs


<>ur 2>atlp Worfc.

159

he be well armed against the arrows of his that severely shoots at

foe,

him

;

and the

more may he dread him because he cannot see him with foot-traps and snares is the :

him who

shall

go forth, arm him with GOD'S holy

fear.

way

set full.

Therefore, let

GOD warned

His disciples to be wary in the

world when

He

world

withstand

shall

tions."

thine

said thus

Therefore,

own

profit

if

" :

Soothly the

you with temptathou must go out, for

or that of others, colour

not thy going with any false hue, to feign for

an occasion to dally with the world,

thyself

for pleasure or

command,

or to be

known

with praise before others

And

therefore they

make

a show with

words and feign as they can, to be holden holy of

all

who

see them, that give themselves

to dalliance with the world, as

to

more than needs,

buying, selling or quarrelling about

earthly things.

And

all their

outward bear-


160

ur IDailp Morfc.

ing so accords with the world that David " They have mixed themselves with says " the peoples ; they partake of their works :

:

that

is,

world,

they mingle them with the folk of the

who have no knowledge

such works as they see them do, they do.

GOD, and such works

of

when thou needest

Therefore,

go forth, cross thyself with the holy JESUS, Mary's Son, for

thee,

who

then thou

for

name

died on the

more

art

to of

Rood secure,

whithersoever thou goest, as S. Austin said to his brother,

when they went "

S.

John says

:

forth.

And

Whitherso thou goest, and

whatsoever thou doest, thy forehead and thy breast

mark thou with

the cross

;

for there is

no other mark the fiend so greatly dreads." See that thine outer-clothing be not overloathsome, nor over-curious, in shape nor in hue.

Keep thy limbs

to their business, to

which they were made, and do not cast thine eyes about like a child

;

flourish not


161

Worfc.

<S>ur 2)atl

thine

hands, and leap not with thy

When

the heart of

limbs sometimes

man

fail in

is

feet.

out of ward, the

And, as

their office.

thou orderest thine outward bearing when thou goest forth, also look thou that thou beest devout within, and specially in praying to

and praising the Lord.

thou canst not go the

rest in saying

Many

softlier.

toiling to

pray

If in

thy prayers,

things hinder thee in

weariness of limbs

;

thou meetest who speak to thee five

going out,

men

;

then thy out of ward, and then the

wits fleet

who

devotion of him

prays,

;

When

cools.

walking thou hast said thy prayers that thou art

bound

and pray

to say,

Him

lift

up thy heart

to

GOD,

thy thoughts in a blessed think on the good things GOD recollection has done for thee, and shall do if thou truly to

in

:

servest

Him

:

think on His biddings and do

them indeed according to thy might, GOD bids thee when He thus says :

words which

I

command

for so

"

The

thee shall be in

M


1

ur

62

and thou

thine heart,

thy sons

and thou

:

Morfe.

2)ail

shalt relate

shall

them

to

meditate on them,

and walking on thy Or in workjourney, sleeping and arising." sitting in thine house,

ing, tell fair tales to

thy fellows, or something

from Holy Writ that or glad

you

in

Seven Psalms that

GOD

the dead.

GOD.

may soften your way, And sometimes say the and the dead, the quick and rest to

for the quick

give grace to

When

thou comest to the town

to ease thy body, seek where thou

mayst most worthily dwell for thy condition and in and where thou mayst most most peace :

profit to thyself

and

others.

Let flesh-lust

and vanity entice thee to no place but inquire where any is who most loves GOD, and thither draw thou. Seek not where thou :

mayst be fed

best, for there peradventure are

many stirrings to sin. Harbour thee with no woman unless thou knowest good of them for a long time. When thou art come


ur IDafty

mflorfc.

163

to the house thou shalt rest in, hold thy wits

inward

GOD'S holy fear

in

;

so that thine

outer bearing be so ruled with

that

grace

good all whom thou seest, and through GOD'S grace destroy mirkness of sin, and so fulfil GOD'S teaching, who says

thou mayst

" thus,

So

stir to

let

light shine before

your

men,

that they seeing your good works

Who

your Father

"

Gregory says

:

is

in

Neither

may glorify heaven." And S.

is it

greatly praise-

worthy to be good with the good, but to be good with the evil for even as it is of more ;

heinous guilt not to be good so

is it

of

the good

Keep

among

the evil."

well thine eyes all

when thou

things that

and make thine eyes forward,

who

said

eyes

lest

the good,

unwearied honour to have stood for

to harbour, from sin

among

" I

After sight,

I

art

may as

come kindle

Job

did,

make a covenant with mine

upon a maid." comes thought, and thereafter should

think


1

Morfe.

<S>ur 2>ail$

64

deed, and therefore said the prophet Jeremiah, "

Mine eye hath

laid

waste

my

so holy a prophet lamented sight, sorely

may

sins therewith.

the

is

Gregory

which

:

Augustine

it

is

It is

of his eye-

another complain :

who

oft

Shameless eye

shameless

of

messenger "

him "

When

soul."

heart."

not lawful to look after that

David

not lawful to desire."

:

"

Turn away mine eyes that they may not Look also that thou hearest see vanity." nothing that words,

may

stir

backbiting,

thee to sin, as unclean

false

judgments,

and other such

oaths, controversy, striving

Also at thy meat, bear thyself orderly,

vices.

and hold thee dainties,

so

of

but be pleased with

after

common

no

meats.

whom, what, when,

whom, and where

:

and have thyself

orderly that thou beest not like other

worldly men, but "

and seek

in measure,

Consider in speaking, to

how,

great

fulfil

Be not conformed

your conversation

is

the Apostle's words

;

to this world, because in heaven."


<>ur 2>atl$ rcaorfe*

Though our body be clot

of earth,

which was blood of will in

it

with the

bought

GOD Almighty be

heaven, not

soil itself

as

" :

here with sin, as

Shew

praised,

men

men who

GOD

as

thyself to all

an example of good works," is

for

worshipped

and taught and Bear thee so belief.

are helped

strengthened in their that

with mind and

And whatsoever thou

through a good example

and

dear-worthy

and wheresoever thou comest, do

the Apostle teaches

men

world as a

needful that our spirit

is

swine do in a ditch. doest,

in this

165

dwell with you

may

say of

you as was said of the Apostles Paul and " The gods are made like men, Barnabas, and have come down to us." DEO gracias.



n

(Brace.



n

(Brace.

The

degrees of grace there are.

THREE GOD first

uphold them with

and

;

help freely given to

out this

fire

be withdrawn,

GOD upholds them

I live,

and

all

that

that

I

I feel, I

am

and with-

water

so, as S.

is

made

made

:

if

Austin says,

of naught, so

little

time, unless

with His grace."

There-

"

fore says the Apostle

am what

;

and becomes cold again

fire

are they worth naught in a

I

GOD'S

this is called

for as

;

All creatures that are

GOD,

to

creatures,

creatures cannot do,

gift of grace,

hot through

all

creatures

all

nor last in their kind

the "

to

gives

Through the grace of " am." As if he said, That that

I

speak or hear or

all this I

169

see,

have only through


(Brace.

GOD'S grace." The second degree is more special that GOD gives :

every

man who

creature

and

:

that

and bids

He

this grace stands ever

it

knocking," that thine heart this grace

deserves

free-

GOD

says

let it in.

Behold,

:

it.

stand at the door

I

at the door of

Me in." And given freely to man before he Then let every man make him-

and knock

is

This,

"I stand

is,

at the

and knocks on our

"

does

freely to

a good and reasonable

is

gates of our hearts, will,

of grace

;

let

worthy and ready to receive His gift of the Holy Ghost, Who ever stirs man's free-

self

will

to good,

and

calls

it

from

Two

evil.

things are needful to the health of man's soul.

the

The

first is this

second,

is

man's

free-will

I

speak of

:

according

without these two, no

man

what he ought,

that

thereto.

And

can

thoroughly

do

grace that

should help him to health of his soul

;

for

neither free-will, without this grace stirring,


(Brace.

171

nor this grace without free-will assenting, can

do aught that pleases GOD. " Austin, will

"

Therefore, says S.

He Who made

thee without thee, "

not justify thee without thee

He Who made

make

that

;

is,

thee without thee, will not

thee righteous, save thou helpest there-

unto."

And though

cannot

make

the

the

GOD

of

grace

man do what

nevertheless, let

is

man

of

free-will

in

in

man, him, and

be ready and

prepare himself, that he

may

able to receive the grace,

when

it

comes.

If

thou wert in a mirk house one day, and doors

and windows shut the sun

come

in,

house were mirk. thyself,

" says,

gives

it

if

thou wouldest not

if

who was Also

thy grace be

Man to

:

to

blame

blame

none

For

less.

if

S.

;

but he has

it

the

save

Anselm

lacks not this grace, for

him

let

GOD

not, because

he does not make himself ready to receive this grace as

he should."

of His grace, for

He

has

GOD

is

not stingy

enough thereof

;


n (Brace.

172

for

though He deal

to so

out never so

it

many, He never has the

less

and

far, ;

for

only wants clean vessels, to put His grace Therefore says

S.

"

Austin

;

freedom and abundance

fills

"

according to their capacity

:

GOD by

He in.

vast

creatures "

all

that

GOD

is,

through His great freedom of His great grace creatures according as they are able

fulfils all

man opened when GOD sends it

to receive His grace."

heart to this grace

him, he would shew Apostle,

If

it

when he had won

me was not in vain," that GOD has given me, is

in

for

he enjoyed

with

GOD

together

our work

He

;

GOD

sets

said,

that

is

"

for the

;

His grace the grace "

not useless in

as

We

me

;

unite

merchants do

His grace against

have) naught but our praising

and thanking, and He all

it,

to

but for His grace and His death,

wills (to

have

"

ever in work.

His grace,

in for

:

it

works

in

his

wills that

the profit that

may

man

should

arise thereof.


(Brace.

<S>n

173

But they try to reave from GOD, His part, who would be praised of men for good deeds. "

GOD

Against them,

glory to another

says,

"

that

;

" is,

Thou

will of

man

man's

shalt understand,

that free-

is to

that

is,

deadly

sin,

after

turn freely to good or

was man's

sin or not sin

in

man

is

it is

sinned,

is

confirmed,

departed out of this

first

may

before

place,

in his free-will

no more. sin,

ill.

before sin,

;

will so free, that

will is free to

it

shall

man

he could

was, to do good is

confirmed,

In the second state,

and may not but

ill, till it

sin,

be strengthened

and when grace leads the will, free to work the good. Before man

with grace then

:

sin

which he

man's

after

In the last state, that

ill.

shall

man

In the

never end.

or

and

man man

and come to that joy that

life,

sinned,

Praising and give to no

Three states there are of after

My

I will

worship that belong to Me, other."

not give

I will

no

:

hindering

had he from doing


n

174

(Brace.

good, nor no need to do

ill

but

:

now

has sin

joined with our flesh, and bred what S. Paul " calls the law of the flesh," so that it is

master of the in all that

it

flesh,

may

This hinders our will from

can.

assenting to good

and withstands GOD'S law

;

and

stirs it to

but when he

works of himself

sin,

is

he

come out

bound

to the fiend, through

through no power of

may of his

bonds

fares like a ship that in a

that could help

it,

Every man to do good or

sin.

before he sins, has a free will

all

it

not work good, unless grace helps and

accustoms him away from

ill,

so that

ill

and

:

and then he

tempest has lost is

cast from

wave

wave whither the tempest drives it. Right so, a man who lacks GOD'S grace, because

to

he be fallen into deadly

sin,

he does not what

he would, but aye wavers from hand to hand, at the fiend's will,

and unless GOD give him

grace to rise out of his sin, he shall be in sin to his

life's

end, and after, be lost

body and


<>n Grace.

and damned

soul,

to endless pain.

common

folk or the

in his

kingdom,

he be never so

ill

to them, they can do

to him, unless

it

be through some other,

has more power than he

them Right

so,

man

the

fiend

so, it

will

who

behoves

much

be under

and when, with

;

naught

ill.

before he sins, has a free will

whether he

to choose

and

:

do he them never so

suffer,

the

If

people choose them a

and he be confirmed

king,

175

his

GOD will,

or

he

chooses to serve the fiend, he cannot after,

when he would, come out of therefore, worldly men who

his bonds.

And

bound

in sin

are

say to them wiio counsel them to their lives,

not."

"

fain

would we

rise,

amend

but we can-

No, they cannot through might of

themselves, but through GOD'S grace helping

them they special

;

for

The

can. it

is

third

grace

is

given only to those

receive the second grace will fulfil it in deed,

;

and with

most

who

their free-

and can say as

S.

Paul


1

n (Brace.

76 "

The grace

said,

And

me."

with us,

GOD was

of

Austin says

S.

" ;

not in vain in

GOD, working

that which He, through grace

fulfils

began in us." For neither without His helping can we do good to ourselves, nor stirring,

please

Him

:

as

GOD

says Himself

Me, thou canst no nothing." stirring, goes before

good

will,

do the good and leave the Grace, soul,

when

it

comes

wakens him as out

"

without

GOD'S grace and stirs it to

ill.

first

to visit man's

of a slumbering

and

him with those sharp words Where art thou ? Whence comest thou ?

inquires "

of

Whither "

Where

:

shalt art thou

thou " ?

" ?

as

if

First

he said,

he "

says,

Bethink

unhappy wretch, how foul thou art cast down, and what peril thou art in. For, for

thee,

thy sin thou art fallen into the enemy's hands,

who above woe

;

all

things dost covet to

and naught may

work thy

deliver thee out of

the foe's hands, but Almighty GOD, thy good


<S>n

Lord,

Whom "

says

:

" said,

thou hast forsaken."

GOD

in sin

life

?

After he as

if

he

thou comest from

;

Where

are

all

the goods

has given thee to help thee with,

to worship

them.

"

thou wretch, behold how thou hast

the fiend's tavern

and

177

Whence comest thou

wasted thy

that

(Brace.

Him

Sorrily hast thou lost

?

Thy Lord made

thee rich, and thou

become a poor wretch.' After, he in" " " WoeWhither wendest thou ? quires, art

ful

wretch thou wendest to the woeful doom,

GOD dooms men

for as

thou hast

served so shalt thou be judged.

So awful

that

shalt thou see

GOD

for fear be out of

to

;

that thou shalt

there,

thy wits

;

and to the moun-

tains

and

noise,

and pray them to

fall

on thee and hide

Him

not.

Woeful wretch,

thee, that

hills

thou shalt cry with a grisly

thou see

thou wendest to

hell, if

thou dost forth as

thou hast begun, where thou shalt find so hot

and so raging, that

all

fire

the water in the N


1

n

78

it

though

sea,

(Brace.

ran through

And

a spark thereof.

slake

stinkest here to

thou shalt

GOD,

it,

for

should not

because thou

thy foul

feel everlasting stink

sin, there

and because

:

thou lovedst mirkness here, for aye to be in sin,

there shalt thou feel such thick mirkness

that thou canst grip

it

thou didst rest thyself will,

and because here

;

GOD'S

sin against

in

there shalt thou shed

more

tears than

Thou

there are motes in a sunbeam.

suffer pain ever after pain, ever to

shalt

renew thy

woe."

When GOD'S

grace has stirred

wakened him with these

him

to

know

three,

the peril he

ceives a terror of

is in,

man and

and has made then he con-

GOD'S awful doom

:

and

therethrough, he begins to repent whatever

and covets to amend himself through GOD'S grace, that stirs him to flee ill and give he did

ill,

himself

to

good

:

and then comes grace

following, to help the goodwill of

man

to ful-


n it

fil

(Brace.

For though

in deed.

179

man have

a good

to do the good, through grace before

will

the good will, yet can he not do

stirring

indeed without GOD'S grace following and helping

I

GOD do

me

is

" ;

unless is

this the Apostle affirms of

"

when he says

self

of

and

:

also

me

in

;

" ;

But not

that

" is,

I,

but the grace

the good which

naught, but GOD'S grace does as

if

he had

" said,

I

him-

it

with

can do no good,

GOD'S grace help me." GOD'S will a handmaiden to grace, to work all her

GOD'S grace, wherever it be, will not be useless, but ever working and growing more and more, to increase thy reward. will.

Therefore do '

We

we

as the Apostle counsels us,

exhort you, brethren, that ye receive

not the grace of

GOD

in vain

" ;

that

is,

"I

pray you and bid you, my brothers in GOD, that ye receive not GOD'S grace in vain."

He it

receives

GOD'S grace

not in good, when

in vain, that enjoys

GOD

sends

it

to

him

;


n

i8o

(Brace.

and therefore perhaps, he shall never after win thereto. Isidore tells of a little fly that is

and

called Saura,

stirring beforehand.

to be the

that

enemy

when he

man

to

wilderness lights

he

;

upon

betokens grace

This kind of

fly is said

venomous worms,

of all

sees

sting

this fly

so

any worm (going) toward

him when he flies

his face,

in

sleeps

the

before to the man, and

and

him a

bites

little

;

and therethrough he wakes before the beast comes to sting him. By this Saura is understood grace that

GOD

sends to

the temptations of the fiend,

venomously

it

:

who

unto

cries

man

against

often stings

thee,

as

the

"

Awake, thou that sleepest, from the dead, and Christ shall give

Apostle says

and

rise

thee light." this grace,

;

But the unthankful and ruin

this little fly that

it

:

act against

as Virgil did with

saved him from death.

He

lay asleep,

and an adder came toward him

but this

Saura flew before, and lighted on

fly

:


n

i8t

(Brace.

and pricked him a little, and therewith he wakened also the adder came his forehead,

;

;

but this

Virgil, in his

felt his fore-

waking,

head smart, and smote himself on the face

and

so he slew the

for his service,

fly,

and so repaid him

who saved

his

There-

life.

do thou not ruin GOD'S grace when

fore

;

it

comes to thee, to warn thee of harm and stir

thee to good.

Glad ought

GOD'S grace, when GOD sends

man

it

to be of

to him,

to take care full warily of so rich a gift

grace

is

which

is

life."

the

"

:

is like

a help and

Therefore,

way

for

:

earnest-money of that lasting joy

to come, as the Apostle says " " that is, ; grace of GOD is eternal life

grace

and

He

way

if

GOD'S

to everlasting

sets grace before us as

that leads to everlasting joy

also a pledge,

the

we keep

it

well, to

:

and

make

in

us certainty of endless joy ; as the Apostle " Who gave us His Spirit as a pledge in says, " our bodies," that is GOD has given us the


1

82

(Brace.

<s>n

Holy Ghost

we then

we

it

this

this

well in

life,

grace

as pledge of endless joy."

if

heavenly pledge

work

;

for

it is

us,

we

of

fail

and enjoy

;

well for us in

GOD'S grace lead us

leaves

Hold

;

and when

that

welfare.

Therefore, through help of grace let us destroy in ourselves everything that

be

it

less or

in

against grace,

more, that our reason says

against GOD'S will, that

may

is

stir to sin

:

and

let

is,

all

that

is sin,

is

or

us have repentance

our heart, shrift in mouth, and with-

standing, with will never to turn again.


Hn

Epistle

on Cbarft.



n Charity. By what thine

tokens thou shalt

enemy

:

know

if

thou lovest

and what example thou

shalt

take from Christ to love him.

if

AID the cheer,

thou beest

stirred

person by anger or

and have no privy hate

for to despise him, or

set

not

him

at

naught

:

fell

against

outward

in thine heart

judge him, or for to

and the more shame and

villany he does to thee in

word or

in deed,

more pity and compassion thou hast of him as thou wouldest have of a man who was the

out of his mind, and thou thinkest thou canst not find in thine heart to hate him, for love 185


1

86

is

so

n Cbarit\>. in itself,

good

and

helpest him,

but prayest for him, and

mouth

only with thy

amending, not

desirest his

as hypocrites do, but

with thy affection of love in thine heart, then

thou

hast

perfect

This

Christian.

to

charity

had

charity

perfectly, when he prayed stoned him to death. This

counselled to

all

you."

And

Christ,

be

who

Him

thine enemies,

and

think thee

how

" :

perfect

Love your

them that hate you, thou wilt follow

if

Learn to love

in power. sinful

men,

fellow-Christians.

thy

charity, Christ

persecute and calumniate

therefore,

like

are

Stephen,

them who

for

said thus

enemies, do good to

pray for those

S.

who would be His

when He

followers,

fellow-

thy

for all those

Look and

Christ loved Judas,

be-

who was

both His bodily enemy and a

sinful caitiff

:

how goodly Christ was to him how courteous how humble

how benign

;

;

He knew

to be

damnable

;

;

to

him whom

and nevertheless,


187

Charity.

He

chose him for His Apostle, and sent him

to preach with the other Apostles

;

He

gave

him power to work miracles He shewed to him the same good cheer in word and deed :

;

also with His precious

to

him

as

He

Body

;

and preached

did to the other Apostles

He condemned him

:

not openly, nor abused,

nor despised him, nor ever spake evil of him

:

and yet even though He had done all that, He would but have said the truth And !

when Judas took Him, He kissed him and called him His friend. All this above

all,

shewed to Judas whom He knew to be damnable. In no manner of charity, Christ

feigning or flattering, but in soothfastness of

good love and clean charity. For though it were truth that Judas was unworthy to have

any of

gift of

his

GOD, or any sign

wickedness

;

of love, because

nevertheless,

it

was

worthy and reasonable that our Lord should appear as

He

is.


1

n Charity.

88

He it

is

belongs to

to

and goodness, and therefore Him to shew love and goodness

love

He

His creatures, as

all

Follow

somewhat

after,

if

did to Judas.

thou canst

;

for

though thou beest shut in a house with thy body, nevertheless in thine heart, where the place of love

is,

thou shalt be able to have

part of such a love to thy fellow Christians

Whoso deems

as I speak of.

perfect follower of

and

Christ's teaching

JESUS

some men deem that they be, one teaches and preaches, and

living, as

inasmuch as is

himself to be a

poor in worldly goods as Christ was, and

cannot follow Christ in His love and charity, to love his fellow-Christians, every

and

ill,

friends

flattering,

and

without feigning,

foes,

despising in heart, angriness and

melancholious guiles himself

reproving, :

soothly,

he

be-

the dearer he deems himself

to be, the further he

those

man, good

is.

For Christ said to

who would be His

followers,

thus

:


n Cbarity. *

This

is

My commandment,

mutually as "

This

is

ye

My

that ye love

have loved you."

I

My bidding,

as I love you, for

are

189

if

ye love as

disciples."

soothfastly, or

that ye love together

He

I loved,

that

is

then

meek

would be meek, can love

fellow-Christians

:

and none save

he.

his


t Contrition*

HERMIT

a

rehearses

.

.

RICHARD tale of perfect contrition that the same He

clerk Cesarius tells. at Paris

had done

was ashamed

to

full

tells

many

that a scholar

sins of

shrive him.

which he

At the

last,

great sorrow of heart overcame his shame,

and when he was ready Prior of the contrition

Abbey

was

in

of

his

to shrive S.

him

Victor,

to the

so great

heart, sighing in his

breast, sobbing in his throat that he could

not bring one word forth. said to him,

"

Go and

Then the Prior

write thy sins."

He

came again to the Prior, and gave him what he had written, for still he could not did so and

shrive himself with his mouth.

saw the

sins

The Prior

were so great, that with the 190


Contrition. scholar's leave, he

to

have

his

shewed them

counsel.

191

to the

Abbot

The Abbot took the

writing wherein they were written, and looked

He found nothing written, and said " What can here be read where Prior,

thereon. to the

naught

is

written

and wondered

"

Then saw the

?

greatly,

and said

"

Prior

Wit ye

that his sins were here written, and I read

them

:

but

now

I see

that

GOD

has seen his

and has forgiven him all his sins." This the Abbot and the Prior told the scholar, contrition

and

he, with great Joy,

thanked GOD.


Scraps from the Htunbel flftS. man

SINFUL ruefully And

I

look

and

up

hung on rood

how

see,

;

my penance have pity with sorrowful heart and dreary mood of

:

All this,

was Lift

up

suffered for thee

riven, all spilt

My

My

:

blood

flesh

;

thine heart, call thou on Me, forsake

thy sin

Think Think

I

man,

oft

have mercy, GOD.

:

with sore heart of thy foul

oft of hell-woe, of wins *

sins,

heaven-kingdom's

;

Think of thine own death, on rood,

The grim doom in

mood

Think how

of

of

GOD'S death

Doom's-day have thou

oft

and what

its

:

false is this world,

reward,

Think what,

for

His good death, thou owest

thy Lord.

RICHARD ROLLE. *

Wins

= joys.

192




PR 2135 .F6 SMC Ro le R chard, of Hampole, 12907-1349. The form of perfect living and other prose AKA-6170 1

,

i



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