WIGSTOW Discoveries in the Bacon Problem
DISCOVERIES IN
THE BACON PROBLEM
W.
F.
C.
WIGSTON,
AUTHOR OF "BACON, SHAKESPEARE, AND THE ROSICEUCIANS " "HERMES STELLA; "FRANCIS BACON, THE COLUMBUS OF LITERATURE." ;
PRINTED BY
TURNBULL
& SPEARS,
EDINBURGH
FROM WHOM COPtKS MAY UK
MAI)
LIBRARY UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA
SANTA BARBARA
PREFACE. In publishing
who
am
pamphlet,
this little
it is
modern
for the
labours,
my
useless
him.
my
literary thief, having robbed
man
Indeed, I
stolen property,
an author of
his
at liberty to blow out his victim's brains with the
is
weapon he has
It is a peculiarity of the
stolen. it
of private enemies,
and the
This
is
Bacon-Shake-
affords endless opportunities for the malice
to extinguish a writer
writings.
in the position of a
trying to recover
speare problem that
is
am
who have robbed
in pursuit of thieves
is
told
I
latest
by means
form
of literary persecution
of his
own
discoveries
and
very easily effected by unscrupulous persons,
who, oblivious of the rights of private property, would pluck out even the heart of Hamlet's mystery by prying into his port-
manteau or papers. judgment, whether
I
To
lovers
of fair-play I
have been robbed
must leave the
of the discoveries
which
form the argument of the following chapters, and which, by
word time
of 1
mouth, have been handed about London some lay claim to these discoveries,
I
whence they came from. by means of
his
own
It
labours.
process for the sufferer, but
own work knowing
after all?
are
all
one.
it
is
very easy to cut a
It
may
not,
of
man
out
be a very pleasant
can be borne, for
The truth
little
and everybody knows
being and
is
it
not his
the truth of
—
CHAPTER AND EUPOLIS
POLLIO
The
who speak
persons
IN BACON'S
"HOLY WAR."
"Holy War," which
in Bacon's
cast
is
form of a dialogue, are Eusebius, Gamaliel, Zebedseus,
in the
Bacon opens the piece thus
Martius, Eupolis, Pollio.
met
I.
House
at Paris (in the
Gamaliel, Martius
of Eupolis) Eusebius,
was
Eupolis himself
dispositions.
Zebedaeus,
persons of eminent quality, but of several
all
;
" There
:
And
also present.
while
they were set in conference, Pollio came into them from court.
And
as soon
manner he
as
said
" Pollio.
he
Here be four
good world
;
for
you are
yet you are friends.
and without
after his witty
of you, I think
may be
If Ave five (Pollio)
the Little."
(Bacon's
the
house of Eupolis. of Pollio,
In the
The next
who opens
from court and
as a
wit.
is
fifth essence.
first is
first
and
temperate,
make the great world, "Holy War," 1G22).
(throughout the entire writing)
and Eupolis.
were able to make a
for Eupolis, because he
In examining this dialogue, the
Pollio
and pleasant
as differing as the four elements,
As
passion, he
"Eupolis.
may make
saw them,
:
alone,
thing thai strikes one
prominence given to
the
place the meeting
point to notice
the dialogue and
you
is
is
is
in
the
the importance
described as coming
Hut, in the description of
Pollio, as
the
Little World, or Microcosm, of which Eour others are described as
the Great World, or Macrocosm, left out,
and Pollio playing
as
remarkable
to
find
it
is
it.
were a representative
himself.
A
Eupolis part, in
—
—
POLLIO A VD
have already pointed out
l
drnn
who was born
right
fond of bringing
pancratiasl
the
Demopseetus,
Uhen.
216
\.
hanes
.1
name."
comic
D.).
Eupolis, ch.
i
anonymously
-
\
a
a Comic
oi
or under
he ridiculed the
-
Eupolis
Baid i"
is
have
piece under the name of Demostratus, probably
tlii-
-.inn' as
lii-
work wa
last
name
Like Pollio, he seems
his pieces
In
thai
of
my
in
146.
B.C.
<>ut
••
;it
'//.s
Eupolis was the
known.
roll
i
handsome
EC/Pi
\
sect,
i.
Nubes, accuses Eupolis
his
pying his Maricas from the Equites, which bad before
its
(v.
i.)
the parabasis "t
in
mentioned by Suidas
]><»-\
Donaldson's "Theatre of the
I
n repre
1
:
.
.
.
a,
:
name,
i
An
— (Nubes, Eupolis was a Comic playwright nearly of the same
tophanes.
The
titles of
more than
been collected by Meursius. of bis •i
for
was
U<-
day and
unity
t
Es
Shakespeare by parallel, or
play, called
drama,
in
-
y.u.-j.-
-•
Elerodian
as Aris-
Eupolis introduced by
for
Eupolis
himself?
which
.
<m
Eustathius
Iliad,
ii.
is
was, according 297),
p.
which the Helots, as chorus, dressed up
(Athenaeus,
iv. p. 1!
The student
will
I
honour
in
notice the date
\
.'•.
.
.iii.
of
t}»-
10: Hor.
1
ii.
like
Satyrs
Collected Edition
Pollio
79: Sat.
i.
t Horace, " K
iii
hi.L'li
terms.
10-12: Charis.
i.
tae," i
name
to
satirical
"Holy War" I'ii-t
i
Cam.
a
of Bacchus.
oi
1622 and the next year 1623, the *
<'
Comedies have
ecause as Comedist, Athenaeus ascribes to him a
intei
is
r
;i,u
bold and severe satirist
a
city.
of his
i
to liav<- brought
of Apollcclorus.
— (Athen.
v.
f
216
D.).
hia plays on
the stage in
tin-
â&#x20AC;&#x201D;
IN BACON'S "HOLY WAR."
3
of the Plays are published, whilst
we hear
Kosicrucians in Paris this year.
Seeing the Folio Plays must
have taken a long time to
we may
inasmuch as he
a
synonym
meeting of the
fairly
adjudge 1622
Pollio answers to Bacon,
press.
a Courtier and wit.
is
be noted Eupolis
It is to is
print,
were in the
as the year they
of a
is
termed the
for the quintessence, that
the
sum
abstract of the best of the four other characters.
that by the introduction of two
Tragic and Comic Poet,
For Eupolis calls
him
we have
and
total
It strikes
me
names which were borne by a a hint for two concealed poets.
see Fabricius (Bib. Graec,
" iratum "
which
fifth essence,
is
ii.
p.
Persius
445, Harb.).
:
Audaci quicunque adflate Cratino, Iratum Eupolidem praegrandi cum sene pallcs, &c. â&#x20AC;&#x201D;(Persius,
Quintilian classes
i.
123).
him with Aristophanes and Cratinas "Plures :
ejus auctores, Aristophanes tamen, et Eupolis, Cratinusque prae-
In the Mapixag he attacked Hyperbolus, in the
cipui (x. 88.).
an Athenian so named, in the Affrpdnura Melanthius.
A-Jro'Auy.og,
In the
Ba-T<xi
countrymen.
he inveighed against the effeminacy of
In his AaxsdaiiMvsg he assailed Cimon,
him of an unpatriotic
his
accusing
bias towards everything Spartan.
His
death was generally ascribed to the vengeance of Alcibiades.
By
his orders he
the Athenian this story
;
shown that
was thrown overboard during the passage of
armament
But Cicero
to Sicily, B.C. 415.
several comedies were
is
a parallel for the plays, for
plays appeared in
Shakespeare),
102.'$,
in
the
which had never
had
composed by Eupolis some
time after the date assigned to this pseudo-death. point there
refutes
since Fratosthenes, the Alexandrian Librarian,
first
been
it
In
this
shown (known as
has been
folio edition
published before, and
comparison between the latest quartos and
the
emendations and enlargements.
said
Eupolis
it is
folios
show
was divert-
ing in his mirth and ingenious in covert insinuation and double
AND EUPOZJS
POLL/0
iramatic Art and
•• I
onlj
Id
found thinker
will
when he began how greatly
observe ilia
belonged to
Lit."),
[e
discovery
this
wan
(thai
and
dramatic
celebrated
a
I
The pro
to exhibit
trengthens the case of Pollio, being introduced as
mi•
Bacon's
iii
"Holy War"
writei
1
dies.
names are introduced. and
left
for Asinius
For Pollio evidently wrote
dramatic authorship a matter
bis
known only
few friends
to a
pregnanl
a
is
ailed
was yet
His history nt
appeared
that
really
is
•
Palestine
'
in
ages of the Church.
Eusebius lived during
saw him when journeying
first
the suite
first
that
is,
le
and
R< se
this
given
motto we by
of
Augustus.
Diocletian
•
rid
'
Freemasons that elected
7
inscribed
re-find
Rosicrucian
the It
Anus.
did
he
as
morning sun.
its
In
Holy War," Bacon introduces Constantino's motto, "In .
pentai
the
in
to the point
time of Constantine, and
through
writing
history,
undoubtedly the most interesting and mosl mi-
is
work
But what
matter of the entire
the freshness of
in
in this
For Eusebius has been justly
the father of ecclesiastical
whilst Christianity
of the pei
hint for the subject
ement of this " Holy War."
privately
of doubtful certainty,
and Horace.
like Virgil
ime of Eusebius, given to one dialogue,
the cele
Pollio,
can hardly bechance these two
It
is
we'll
this
within
Khunrath
known
hoc
the his
in
to students of
motto and the sign
with the mystic brotherhood.
of the
Eusebius
mixed up with the Arian heresy, siding with
At the synod held
at
Nicea
in
Bithynia, and
sum-
moned by Constantino, Eusebius had the first seat on the right and in the name of the- whole synod, addressed the '.,
Em]
I
who
tine,
sat.
on
of the opposite parties. .
many marks
of
favour.
bracing as
it
does
The tin-
a
golden
chair,
between
Constantine honoured him ecclesiastical
rsion of Constantine,
history
of
tie-
early
and the
estab-
persecution of
IN BACON'S " HOI Y WAR." lishment of Christianity,
is
most important and relative to the
subject discussed in Bacon's "
was selected
for a
still
5
Holy War."
more subtle
I submit, this
reason.
That
is,
name
the pro-
found connection known to exist between the tenets of the Rosicrucians and Neo-Platonism, which flourished during the
period Eusebius writes upon.
The doctrines
of the Rosicrucians
have been deduced by some profound writers from Animonius Saccas,
whom
who was
Eusebius mentions (Book
vi. ch. xix.)
and Origen,
a student of Plato, also comes under notice.
this history, containing the lives of Apollonius,
Constantine, and other writers, its
;
sources and period.
is
In short,
Simon Magus,
conspicuously Rosicrucian in
(HAITI BACCHUS AND WINK
may
I
do
16,
]..
There
is
216,
Bks.,
Adv." Aldis Wright).
thus:— "One
writes
called
father)— possibly
it
bu1 the
i<
whom
to
of demons."
'Dcemonum
Bacon
it
of a lie."
refers,
the
calls
And
595-608).
St
cibus
est
runs
(in
one
•
And
bo
(a
works
of
carmina poetarum
"
(Epist.
the
"De
Falsa
we mast repeat
<>f
to
is
i.
calls 16).
Damasus)
146).
Incest,
Corc. 4).
Legatione" of Demosthenes,
ourselves (especially us
it
to
and truth
Augustine
ni his letters
the
Jerome
erroris ab ebriis dodoribus propinatum (Gonfes. in .leronie
greal
in
filleth
(ii. -"»77)
for poetry
Agrippa combines both these citations (Do
nelius
"
fathers,
In Plato's " Republic''
the whole discussion (ch. x.
The passage
shadow
view of poetry.
a similar
mi
the
of
poesy vinum dcemonum,* because
imagination, and yet
and
II.,
essay upon Truth, gives us the key or proof of his
He
meaning. ity,
"Two
(Bk.
no mistake about this hinl for poetry or the drama.
in his
.
Demos-
with
sporteth
Philocrates
as
marvel (Athenians) thai Demosthenes and
nol
he drinketh water, and I drink ioim
differ; for
xxii.
II.
SYMBOLS OF DRAMATIC INSPIRATION.
IS
Bacon writes: "But, thenes, you
i;
p.
hits off the
ami wine-drinkers cannot other men, both ancientB and moderns, have in
readily) that jest, that 'water-drinkers ly tliink alik<-.'
For
all
drunk a crude liquor like water, either springing spontaneously Uect nr drawn ap by logic, as by wheels from a well. But iik and pledge our neighbours in a liquor made from countless grir/»s, ivd gathered by clutters CKF8HET) intiti: wineam- LASTLY, PIKED AXD CLARIFIED in Tin: vat. And so no wonder if we ich in common with others" (exxiii. Book I., "Aphorisms " Novum Organum."). on the Interpretation of Nature." :
I
-
â&#x20AC;&#x201D;
SYMBOLS OF DRAMATIC INSPIRATION. 355.
7
very worthy of note that Bacon introduces again
It is
this story in his
"Novum Organum "
purpose of illustrating (which he compares
to
how
123), expressly for the
(i.
own method
his
and the philosophy
wine),
philosophy
or
own
of his
times
Dionysus or Bacchus as God of the Vine, grape and
differ.
wine, was the originator of the vintage and Goat-songs, which
became the
from choruses
gradually
arts
Comedy and
of
Tragedy.
Bacon writes
:
"
Wherefore
knowledge, concerning the
wherein
if
do conclude
I
culture
any man, considering the parts
my
enumerated, do judge that
labour
common
which
thereof,
Athenians, that Demosthenes and I do
I
mind;
drink wine.'
And
like as
have
I
by
others, as
sense and experience, he juclgeth well
as Philocrates sported with Demosthenes,
water, and
the
but to collect into an
is
art or science that which hath been pretermitted
matters of
moral
this part of
and regiment of
'
You may
differ, for
we read
:
but
not marvel,
he drinketh
of
an ancient
parable of the two gates of sleep Sunt geminre sonini Cornea, qua veris
portffi,
facilis
quarum
altera fertur
datur exitus umbris
:
Altera candenti perfecta nitens elephanto,
Sed
falsa
ad coelum mittunt insomnia manes
:
we put on sobriety and attention, we shall find it a sure maxim in knowledge, that the more pleasant liquor of wine, is so
if
the more vaporous, and the braver gate of ivory sendeth forth the falser
ment
This if
dreams"
(p.
215-216, xxii.
16,
Book
II.
"Advance-
of Learning," Aldis Wright). is
a most important passage, so important that, indeed,
there existed no other indication of Bacon's
mind save
this, it
would suffice to prove he was profoundly conversant with the Mysteries of the Ancient Poets, and had discovered some secret relationship between Virgil's "Georgics" and the sixth hook of
the " Aineid," from which Bacon quotes, because Bacon's " Culture and regiment of the Mind," which he terms
ANIMI,
is
clearly
borrowed for
its title
from
Db
GrEORGICIS
Virgil's " Georgics."
AND WINE AS And
undoubtedly
i-
profound hint
;i
the
nym
for poetic inspiration
will
1
li
ots
'â&#x20AC;˘
Demosthenes
this Btory
Organum"(i. 123)
"N<
which
In/,
which was current
Two
1'"
of
The passage
cited from
the Theatre, for
it
was
time
comes
m
want
now," said
it
to !Âť
should
in
it
if
]>.
"
355, and Bohn,
"It
matic pieces
said. "
the vintagi
Athens,
in
the
Demos
said, "
it'
any
At
''Certainly," said
in
ii.
1,
"or
which Philocrates rose
No wonder, men
nol
them
lei
"Don't be interrupting; "mind yon don't
opinion,
of
for
("De
and you laughed.' vol.
is
1
altogether."
it
in
Athens, thai drinks
he
1
a 1
water,
Falsa Legati
133.)
to Wine," says Athenaeus,
i>
closely connected with
Athenians,"
of
another time
manner and
mm
is
turns out differently,
out
J'.srliinr-,
and Demosthenes agree I drink
"
'
it
lam
be acting unfairly."
flippant
").
the Theatre of Dionysus thai
but
;
ntment. out of
and the philosophy
be sure you praise and honour and crown
true,
men, and not
wine,
Demosthenes
in
thenes was to accept the crown. of this
to
the
in
bet
32 1-322, notes, A. Wright,
(p.
ning
aj
]
use of by Bacon
for illustrating th differenct
compares
li>
his
in
made
is
and
touching water
Aldis Wrighl points
introduced with purpose by Bacon.
out in his ni'tr- thai
The
important and Btriking fact that
Philocrates and is
is
or
frequently
and dramatic enthusiasm.
also observe the
the
the passage
for the Theatre
Wine
using the word
[ins,
m
stud.
"
Wink, with which
the double reference t" mint,
"thai the invention
due; they were attributed
Athen.,
lib.
Temple
of
ii.
cap.
to
Icaria
According
3).
to
of
during
Rolle, al
Rhea, there was a spot consecrated
under the name of Olympias, where a hole was shown through which
it
ped,
was supposed the waters
the deluge of Deucalion
of
and where every year honey was poured.
that Deucalion built this temple,
had been at Athens.
and
it
Close to this temple the
pointed out (" Diod. Sic,"
lib.
v.
p.
It
was added
was believed Deucalion
223).
tomb of Deucalion It is well to
point
—
—
SYMBOLS OF DRAMATIC INSPIRATION. Wisdom
out one of Bacon's fables of the
Deucalion (Rolle,
p.
159,
160,
vol.
of the Ancients
Another
iii.).
o
upon
is
upon
is
Icarus.
Aristotle assures us that tragedy derived
invention from
its
the Dithyrambs which were sung in honour of Bacchus.
was no species It
was a kind
of poetry
which was supposed to be composed in
whom
by the God Bacchus,
the intoxication inspired brated,
There
more ancient than Dithyrambie poetry.
of poetry
and Bacchic fury was indispensable
it
cele-
for its composition.
Athenseus quotes this passage from Archilochus
:
— " Oui, je
sais
entonner un brillant dithyram.be en l'honneur de Bacchus, lorsque jai'le
cerveau foudroye par
Epicharmus
ou Ton ne boit que de "Athen. Deipnos.," Rolle writes
Bacchus
:
"
lib.
La
l'eau."
—" —
iii.).
:
this other passage of
n'y a pas de dithyrambe
II
(Rolle, p. 511-513, vol.
Rom."
v.
406
;
Tacitus,
Even the Actors were consecrated
of Bacchus), " formoient a
in the
When
ii.
to
;
they quitted the theatre they
Rolle,
Bacchus
:
workmen
Athunes un corps nombreux laid their
et im-
masks
temple of Bacchus Quisnam dixerit puer ? Quod Baccho teniplum,
ulii
personam adpenduntur.
Horace invokes Bacchus as the God In the " Knights Nicias. It is
vide
consacree a
lib.
" Les acteurs appeles," riyj7rai biovuftaxoi (artists or
portant."
iii.,
xiv. cap. 6).
tragedie etoit uniquement
" (" Schol. Arist.
p. 195, vol.
And
le vin."
in his Philoctetus
is
" of
Aristophanes
of Poetry.
we read
:
best for us to drink bull's blood, for the death of Themistooles
preferable.
Dem. No, by Jove, but pure xoinc to tlic good genius;* for possibly we hit upoa some good thought. Are your thoughts, then, on the wine Nicias. "Pure Wine" see now How could a mau when drunk hit upon any happy device ? Dem. Is it so, fellow ? You are a trifling, bubbling water-drinker. Have you the audacity to abuse wiue as an enemy to the intellect? What than
may
—
!
!
The "good genius" was Bacchus
{vide Potter, vol.
ii,
p. 379).
—
(<
,
AND WINE AS
7;7'.s
... oaf bubbling \
i!
\
1'
tiki'
•
tin'
cup of
and
libatien,
Athcnee, que
ilit
,
•
cap.
ii.
bus
offer
tame,
it
in
t'll
1
name
tin'
you,
of
tin'
invente
avoil
t .i l >1
iv.
i
Theatres
les
des
musique,
de
ecoles
que
pieces
Lee
«'t
de
Athen.,
vid<
iii.,
<|u'il
militaires dans bos armies " (76.
de boutes fonctions
ptoil
Diod. Sic."
160, vol.
(p.
des pieces
bourgade
[carie,
.1
partisans d'Euhemere pr<5tendoien1
lui-mdme qu'il
Vinvention
doit
I6n
imaginces
vendanges"
les
"Lea
•">!.
avoil
dramatiques,
fluent
•lies
I'Attique, pendant
'•
<
of pure wine,
Rolle writes in his " Recherches sur le Culte de Bacchus": '•
lil>.
bumper
-\
2).
B cchus was surnamed Maroneus, after the wine: tantum Marona, nee
uravi
Vi<
:
M
i
irom
bibi.
datus lumina Baccho.
o fo
(Tibull.
"Les
Rolle writes: .
fetes
de Bacchus
que
toienl aussi solennelles
lib.
iv.
.
Eleg.
v.
i.
57.)
cele'brees par les poetes,
celles qu'ils ce'le'broienl
<•]]
I'honneur
d'Apollon, mais avec cette difference, qu'ils Be couronnoient de lierre .-in-
au
lieu
de laurier,
et
Tu tamen sacris Numine debueraa
bederse cultoribua
•'•
"Perse, dans son prologue, abandonne ne, les jse les les
Palatin.
hvinne
On
images.
placoil
dans
les
bustes des poetes illustres,
el
ceuxqui ornoienl
le
fuit
Eleg.
iii.
lib
les deites
v.
.">,
de
15.)
la
pfile
habitans de I'Helicon, a ceus donl un lierre flexible
lierre. tels Etoient
avoit
unum
Bustinuisse tuo.
(OvH.
(.11
des libations de vin
faisoienl
qu'ils
ses autels.
construire I.-
pontes
Bolennel.
lis issi
(pp. 212-213,
voL
iii,
dans
le
le
les
statues
couronnes de
beau portique qu' Anguste le
monl
en I'honneur de Bacchus un
cel/'broient
Rolle).
etoient
temple d'Apollon, sur
chantoient
Bacchus
bibliotheques ils
Burtoul
avait-il le
pa/rce
Burnom de
que
le
rin
A/oatrxa?.o;
—
—
—
DRAMA TIC
5 YMBOLS OF
—
—
1
INSPIRA TION.
Bacon's profound distinction between
Water and Wine
explained and illustrated by the poet Horace
is
1
fully
:
Nulla placere din nee vivere carmina possunt Qua; scribuntur aqua; potoribus. (Horat.,
Martial, in the same sense, writes
Possum
nil
lib. i.,
Epist. 19.)
:
ego sobrius
bibenti
:
SuccuiTunt mihi quindecim
poetse.
("Epig.,"lib.
In the "Anthology
Yinum
est instar equi gestat tollitque poetas.
(" Antbol. Grrec.,"
Pindar writes
Epig. Soter.)
est
ad poculum senno.
:
Pariter
cum
vino ingrediente loquendi accedit tiducia.
The name Bacchus
Bacchus
to Hesychius, called
prize of
derived by some from the Eolian word
is
a bunch of grapes, and the Athenians, according
fta.Ti.yia, ftorpvg,
The
lib. i..
:
Audax
Lucian
ii.)
":
Comedy was
Theoinios,
and
his festivals Theonia.
a jar of wine and a basket of
In Bacon's Essay upon Judicature, he writes
emungit
elicit
wrought,
it
:
"
figs.
Qui fortiter
sanguinem, and where the wine-press
is
hard
yields a harsh wine, that tastes of the grape stone."
The following is Mr ttpedding's De Augm. " Certainly as we
the
:
which flow freely from the
first
translation of a passage in find it in wines, that those
treading of the grape are
sweeter than those which are squeezed out by the wine-press, because the latter taste somewhat of the stone and the rind are those doctrines of the Scriptures
when gently
controversies and
common
word and
its
so
crushed, and are not forced into
places."
This throws light upon Bacon's epithet of
"Novum Organum." the
;
most wholesome and sweet which ooze out
Vintages in the
This proves he understood and applied
connotations to the extracting of doctrines or
interpretation out of his
own
writings.
Applying
as
it
does to
Bacchus and the drama, nothing could be more apposite for the Theatre.
CHAPTER BACON An Bai
"Bui
writes:
>n
if
All
\
\\m
any ono
III.
R
I
in
i
Particulars
anew, better hopes might
A n<
we promise
herein •
and
-.
Foi concerning
thus
We
• :
born
t'>
do
the end thai
the
\
unimpaired
sen
Experience and bo
bo
be entertained of
iew the putl ing off of
may
xcvii. bk. L,
Great,
in
his
God
life
of
him.
vanity.
relate
"Nov.
with
>i.\
spoke
mortal men, bul are
and declare wonders Org.").
conquesl
Bacchus as his model, and during brated bhe feasts of thai
all
his exploits -iEschinea
not live the
posterity
concerning us "' (Aph.
of
days
proposed
India,
soldiers cele-
his
the excesses of intoxica-
all
Alexander the Great imitated Bacchus.
tion.
l.
ourselves the fortune of Alexander the
Alexander and
certainly
Alexander
\
I
:
no one charge us with vanity before he hears
let
the result, which has in ••
i
of ripe age,
and purified mind, would apply himself
1
.
For the
latter,
having collected an immense army, consisting both of men and
women, and
Bet out
for the conquest of
shields, his broops
This
riotous
broop
India.
Instead of spears
were armed with drums and bhyrsuses.
spread
universal
consternation,
bhe
but
intention of [Bacchus being only bo beach the cultivation of the vine, he
was everywhere received
writes
"
:
When
as a
benignant deity.
dressing of vines, the method of preparing
coming
Bacon
a youth, he first introduced the cultivation
famous,
he
Bubdued
the
world,
wine—whence
and be-
even to the utmost
bounds of the Indies" (Dionysus). Bacon's self-comparison bo Alexander the Great
upon oi
not
pa-.-
1640. a.-
55 (mispaged In
Augurs
his
bo
<:',)><{ tin-
is
"Advancement
Distribution Preface, he declares
measure countries
in
again
of :
made
Learning"
"Wecome
our minds, butas Captains
BACON AS ALEXANDER THE GREAT. to invade
them
parallel with
for a conquest."
Alexander
is
I
am
convinced Bacon's
self-
intended as a side hint for Alexander's
â&#x20AC;&#x201D;that the Theatre, Plutarch writes â&#x20AC;&#x201D; " With much
'pomp of Bacchus,
13
is
and
its
presiding
God
or genius.
difficulty
:
Alexander traversed
country in sixty days, and then arrived in Gedrosia.
this
he found provisions in abundance fertile in itself,
army some time
and
Upon
horses.
his principal
it
was placed a
many
others,
covered with rich tapestry and purple hangings, and of trees fresh
lofty
day and
friends revelled
This carriage was followed by
shaded with branches
of
His chariot, which was very magnifi-
was drawn by eight
platform, where he night.
is
to refresh them-
he marched in Carmania for seven days in a kind
bacchanalian procession. cent,
There
for besides that the land
the neighbouring princes and grandees supplied
After he had given his
him. selves,
;
some others
gathered and flourishing.
In these were the rest of the king's friends and generals, crowned
with flowers and exhilarated with wine.
"In
whole company there was not to be seen a buckler,
this
a helmet, or spear
;
but,
instead of them, cups, flagons, and
in huge vessels of wine, and drank to each other, some as they marched along, and others
These the soldiers dipped
goblets.
seated at tables, which were placed at proper distances on the
way.
The whole country resounded with
songs,
and with the dances and riotous
flutes, clarionets,
frolicks of the
This disorderly and dissolute march was closed
immodest
figure,
bacchanals, as
if
the debauch."
â&#x20AC;&#x201D;
It has
art than of
'The
and with
all
women. a very
witli
the licentious ribaldry of the
Bacchus himself had been present to carry on
(Alexander.)
been truly said of Alexander the Great, " Not
by
his
Great.'
less in
wonderful undertakings has he acquired the
He was
Avorld has ever seen,
munificence."
and
and
the greatest promoter of all
The mother
of
ail
title
that the
the artists of his time shared his
Alexander the Great
have wandered about at the foot of
Pieria,
is
said
to
with the Mimalloncs
—
—
AS ALEXANDER THE GREAT.
V
.;
and
of Bacchus,
the statue of
her son
of
was
it
hrpheua to -w eal
*
he would
"thai
Baid,
Hence may be -rru the reason Bacon introduces the Pan
De lugmentis
"
in his
expedition
Bacchus,
t" «
»
described as
;it
"
on the heels
the head
Pan
history of
and
idia,
\
is
t"
is
sometimes called
K.
"
i.,
page
l*]M>n line
i«>
for the Satyrs
Midas pretended
Sileni. <>t
goes back
thai
In
Silenus
thai
Bacchus.
"The Bwarms <if subordinate beings, Nymphs by whom Bacchus was Burrounded"
Pans, and
289, vol.
(p.
myth
be found a
the Satyrs,
Muller writes,
>.
<
-.
;ill
is
thyrsuses and
with
closely related to that of Silenus,
instructed him in the orgies
The
an army, into the East,
<>t
cymbals, accompanied by Pan, Silenus, and the
fable of
Stage Plays.
<>i'
men and women armed
<>t'
make
."
I-it.
53,
Aik
of
i.-iit
Greece").
"Merry Wives
Windsor," we
of
find
the
:
Hang-Hog
Upon page
^ v .
"
is
latin for Bacon,
King Henry the
I
warrant you.
Fifth,"
we
Alexander
find
called a pig: .
What
call
you the town's name where Alexander
tin
pig was
I
Alexander the Grea Why. pray you, is not pig great! The pig, or the great, or the mighty, or the huge, or the magnanimous, are all one reckonings, save •.
I
.
the
I
p.
This full,
[f
dream I
is,
variation.
think Alexander the Great was born in Macedon. I
consider, a case of Induction, of which the plays are
Hog is
Latin for Bacon, and Alexander
Bacon stands for Alexander, and
then
if
little
.
. i
of suggesting such an
did
nol
ids of
a pig (or Hog), 1
should nol
evidence
that
otic
of
Bacon's
opening up the plays (or Instauration as an entire duction
il
is
versd.
apparently inconsequenl deduction,
abundanl
|
vice
by analogy.
The student
collation, this sort of relationship
term most frequent
in the plays, if
<>r
will
identity
find,
on
by a middle
he uses a Concordance.
—
APPENDIX FOR PAGE In the
De
8.
Corona, the decree of Ctesiphon respecting the
crowning of Demosthenes,
Crown should be
directs, that the
claimed in the theatre at the Dionyxia
— or festival
Demosthenes with being too vain
./Eschines reproached
content with the applause of his
own
when
Dionysia
Ctesiph.," vol.
was
469, Orat. Att.,
p.
iii.
Greece
all
present
Oxford).
fore very easy to perceive that Philocrates at
at
there-
It is
made
the
("Contra.
a smart hit
Demosthenes when he exclaimed: "He chinks water and I
drink wine
"
— implying Demosthenes had no right to be crowned
at the Dionysia.
For ./Eschines and Philocrates were colleagues,
the former belonging to the theatrical
Demosthenes says: "If any of praise
of
to be
fellow citizens, since he
must needs have the crown decreed him proclaimed great
pro-
of Bacchus.
it
men
this
profession,
comes
true,
and honour and crown these men, and not me,
altogether
"
— he
of Athens, that
for he
is
out of
it
inviting the smart letort
is I
all this
rival of
:
"
and Demosthenes agree not
altogether,
properly,
it
I
No
am
all.
out
wonder,
in opinion;
and does not drink wine"
does not belong to the theatrical profession at stand
and when
be sure you
i.e.,
To under-
must be understood that the great
Demosthenes, ^Eschines, objected on these grounds to
the crowning of Demosthenes in the Theatre of Bacchus, as
he were a dramatic writer, who had won ivy wreath or crown given. ./Eschines
and
is
ridiculed
assisting his
in
the contests the
In the Oration on the Crown,
by Demosthenes as playing third
mother
if
in the rites of l'>.uclni>.
parts,
Syracuse, N. Stockton, Co
3 1205 03058
REGI0NA UC SOUTHERN ^|H
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