PRACTICAL TOOLS TO TRIGGER & SUPPORT SOCIAL INNOVATION
Development Impact & You
WWW.DIYTOOLKIT.ORG
Development Impact & You
݀ቛLjᆖၚᇑ घ݀ࢅኧมࣷظႎํڦᆩ߾ਏ
घ݀ࢅኧมࣷظႎํڦᆩ߾ਏ
݀ቛLjᆖၚᇑ
DIY ཷܓ: Theo Keane, Brenton Caffin, Michael Soto (Nesta) + Ayush Chauhan, Rikta Krishnaswamy (Quicksand) + Geke van Dijk, Megha Wadhawan (STBY) ᅜत๘হ߲߳ںටࢅፇኯۦڦ૰၎ዺ Aakash Sethi Quest Alliance
Ben Reason LiveWork
Giulio Quaggiotto UNDP Europe and the CIS
Katharine Hibbert Dot Dot Dot Property
Paula Dib Trans.forma
Aaron Good Innoweave
Chris Albon & Angela Oduor Ushahidi
Heather Leson Open Knowledge Foundation
Kristine Hovhannisyan Oxfam Armenia
Paula Gutierrez The Hub Bogota
Adam Groves One World
Chris Vanstone & Adele Liddle TACSI
Jack Graham Year Here
Lejla Sadiku UNDP Kosovo
Pukar Malla World Bank
Adam Pike Young Philanthropy
Christopher Fabian Unicef Innovation
Jacqueline Simmons Teachers College Columbia University
Louise Pulford Social Innovation Exchange
Renata Mendes SBCSol
Aditya Dev Sood & Ekta Ohri Center for Knowledge Societies
Dan Berelowitz International Centre for Social Franchising
Jennie Winhall Participle
Lucy Kimbell Said Business School
Rikin Gandhi Digital Green
Joel Adriance International Youth Foundation
Lucy McNab Ministry of Stories
Roger Swartz Positive Deviance Initiative
John Owrid IndexB
Maksym Klyuchar UNDP Ukraine
Satbir Singh Human Rights Initiative
Jon Huggett Social Innovation Exchange
Marc Stickdorn This is Service Design Thinking
Sean Lowrie Start Network
Jonathan Wong DFID
Matthew McStravick HackneyShares
Sean Miller Nonon
Karthik Chauhan Clinton Health Initiative
Megha Bhagat NASSCOM Foundation
Sergio Rivas ACDI / VOCA
Kate Chapman Humanitarian Open Street Map
Nathan Cooke, Marielle Schweikhart, Simon Dixon, Miranda Lewis &Dennis Onyango Sanergy
Shahina Bahar British Red Cross
Andreas Karpati UNDP Uzbekistan
Dan Radcliff Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation
Annemarie Naylor Common Futures
Deborah Szebeko ThinkPublic
Anusuya Banerjee Jameel Poverty Action Lab
Dianne Denton UNESCO
Arun Patre SELCO Incubation Centre
Faith Gonsalves Music Basti
Arvind Lodaya Independent Design Practitioner Ashmeet Kapoor ISayOrganic
Faustina Gomez Technology and Action for Rural Advancement Geetanjali Kumar Development Alternatives
Ben Gallagher Nike Foundation
Kate Wareing Oxfam, Programme Policy
George Hodge UNDP Armenia
Nikita Dagar Digital Green
ాඹ©Nestaሞኪ๎ࠌၛຈఁ-ݥฆᄽ๑ᆩ-၎ཞݛ๕ࠌၛ 4.0 ࡔाၹᅱॐူႹڦă ֱੂႹޭԨ൩ݡ࿚ http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/
ኧ
Empowered lives. Resilient nations.
݀ቛLjᆖၚᇑ
POSITIVE DEVIANCE I N I T I AT I V E
घ݀ࢅኧมࣷظႎํڦᆩ߾ਏ
Subbiah Krishnaswamy & Ravi Kommuri Family Health International 360
Sujaya rathi & Jay Asundi Center for Study of Science, Technology and Ploicy Tarun Markose Teemac Thea Aldrich Random Hacks of Kindness Urvashi Aneja Center for Global Governance and Policy, JSIA Will Norman The Young Foundation Yi Wei iDe Cambodia
ኄ࠲ᇀ සࢆ݀Ă֑ᆩई߀ ظႎາྼ߾ڦਏԈă ኄ࠲ᇀසࢆ݀Ă֑ᆩई߀ظႎາྼ߾ڦਏԈă֡ፕযĂ๑ᆩ०ڇĂᆩᇀӻዺ ᇀٝ݀ቛڦටඖǗणዚॆኮljశઔᄽহኮࣀăኄၵ߾ਏփგઠޅLj߾ܠਏڦ ഐ֥૦ঢ়ศາຄ୯Ljժሞഄଶᇘ࠽ݘᆌᆩăሞኄᅃ֫௬Ljኄ༫߾ਏԈኟበሞටڦज़Ӿ ฉăኄସ்ᆅᅜྺࡸăᆶ߾ਏ௮ຎևݴԈઔᆅᆩ༵๖LjՍᇀጕߵ໓ᇸࢅᅃօለ܁ഄ ዸፕLjᅜ߸ࡻ๑ᆩ߾ਏă
݀
ഐ
ሢ
ዺ
ย
ऺ
घ݀ࢅኧมࣷظႎํڦᆩ߾ਏ
݀ቛLjᆖၚᇑ
ᆅ
ၙᄲ ቛྭ
ۨᅃ߲ൣညࣄऺڦ
ඓᆫံ๚ၜ
धൽටࣱ
ᅜକႴᄲፔ๊ઠ݀ഐظᅪ ظႎୁײ 01
ཚࡗೠࠚڦ၄ጒࢅስ SWOTݴဆ! 03
ཚࡗٗൕวঢ়૦ბသ ༹ᄓኮ୫ 07
ཚࡗනࢅִ࠵ბသ ට࠵ִ 11
ཚࡗহۨ߾ڦፕࡕׯ თኤऺࣄ 02
࠲ᇀසࢆ݀ቛظᅪ ฆᄽఇ๕! 04
ཚࡗ࠲ጀ࠲॰࿚༶ ࿚༶হۨ 08
ሞ༌ዐ݀ਢටۅ࠵ڦ ௬༌ኸళ 12
ᆩᅜᇑഄኾཞܓཷڦࢇڢਸቛࢇፕ ࠓॺअӵ࠲ဣ! 05
ཚࡗࣅްሗ࿚༶ ׯᅺ 09
ཚࡗቨࢃ႐ۯ૰ ࿚༶༱ 13
ཚࡗ߀ኮമ߾ڦፕ თ࣍ბသ! 06
ཚࡗহۨణՔࢅႜۯ Վࣅஃ 10
ඓԍ߾ڦፕᇑణՔටඖ၎࠲ ࠤ๚๘হ 14
݀ቛLjᆖၚᇑ
घ݀ࢅኧมࣷظႎํڦᆩ߾ਏ
ᆅ
କ߾ፕाං
ׂิႎظᅪ
֪ᇑ߀
ԍᇑํแ
ཚࡗඓ૧ᅮ࠲ဣ ට࠲ဣ 15
ཚࡗᇑঢ়૦ժਦઓవڦටࢇፕ ظᅪ߾ݙ 19
ཚࡗቨፌᆶၳݛ๕ օ݀ةഗ 23
ཚࡗ߸ࡻۯۙںᅮටඖ ᆐၨࠓ 27
ཚࡗহۨയሞణՔටඖ ణՔටඖ 16
ཚࡗঅ႐܀ሏ ظᅪ݀ิഗ 20
ཚࡗणփཞᆶᅮݒڦઍ ᇱ႙֪ݛӄ 24
ཚࡗኴႜऺࣄփླྀࣄऺ ࠲॰ඪခ 28
ཚࡗ၂၄்ڦዷᄲ༬ኙ ටႚၡ 17
ཚࡗॺยႠၭፇ༪ஃ າஷ 21
ཚࡗ߁ຎᇑ૧ᅮට࠲ڦဣ ༹ᄓ 25
ཚࡗ݀ഐईٷ߾ڦፕ ฆᄽऺࣄ 29
ཚࡗহۨظڦႎኮت ౷ᇑയዊ 18
ཚࡗᅜࠌཞॏኵ࠵ྺएإၹۙ߾ፕ ॏኵୁॺࠓײ 22
ཚࡗၘຎ்ڦሏႜࢅጨᇸ ઢ 26
༑փཞݛ๕ྊቛࡀఇ ࡀఇऺࣄ 30
घ݀ࢅኧมࣷظႎํڦᆩ߾ਏ
݀ቛLjᆖၚᇑ
ۨᆇ܈ೖ௷࿐ิยแॺยᇑምยऺڦጺ༹ࡀࣄ
݀ቛLjᆖၚᇑ
घ݀ࢅኧมࣷظႎํڦᆩ߾ਏ
PRACTICAL TOOLS TO TRIGGER & SUPPORT SOCIAL INNOVATION
Development Impact & You
01
ၙᄲ ቛྭ ᅜକ Ⴔᄲፔ๊ ઠ݀ഐظᅪ } ظႎୁײ
֖ᇑೝ
ഔ݀ᇀ Nesta (2013) ظႎୁײ ၙཉॲူLj߸ްሗ߾ڦਏᆌࢾݯ ຕනྜׯăߵ0ڦႠዊLj ฉ֫Ăཞपኮक़ႴᄲၹฆLjᅃอࡗࢫLj ీेᅜႪ߀ၳࡕ߸ॅă
घ݀ࢅኧมࣷظႎํڦᆩ߾ਏ
݀ቛLjᆖၚᇑ
घ݀ࢅኧมࣷظႎํڦᆩ߾ਏ
݀ቛLjᆖၚᇑ
01 ظႎୁײ
ኄ๊ ᅜतྺ๊ ႴᄲǛ ظႎୁၘײဦ׃କظႎڦփཞLjଚਉᅃظڦႎऄۯĂ ᄲ൱ࢅణՔă߁ຎᅃ߲ၜణईᅃ߲ፇኯࠀׯႴڦփཞට֍ĂरీĂ ऄࢅۯঢ়षጒༀăኄ߲߾ਏ༵ࠃڦࠓ߁LjӻዺอేڦتLj ժፇኯူ߾ፕă ኄᅃ߾ਏཚࡗӻዺేକႴ࠲ጀጨᇸLjӻዺేლቴሺڦऐᇜăཚࡗ ඓۨሞࢅඇ௬࢚ଉ߲߳ᄲॲLjేᅜ߸ࡻํں၄ሺă
? සࢆ๑ᆩ ኄᅃ߾ፕ߁ઔظႎࡗײዐփཞLjժደᅃଚਉऄۯĂ ᄲ൱ࢅణՔă๑ᆩኄᅃ߾ਏۨ࿋Ljժඓۨޏ୯ዜඇăኄࣷ ӻዺేඓۨႴᄲ༬ጀᅪڦ๚ၜăཞ้Ljጹຎ࣏༵ࠃ߾ਏतऄ ֖ڦۯᅜݛՍ߳ڦ๑ᆩă
1 ༑ऐᇜࢅ
2 ׂิظᅪ
3 ਸ݀ᇑ֪
4 ׃ᆯ
5 ᇑํแ
6 ݀ቛĂકቛतدխ
7 ߀Վ༹ဣ
݀ቛLjᆖၚᇑ
घ݀ࢅኧมࣷظႎํڦᆩ߾ਏ
༬रీᄲ൱
ऄۯĂ ߾ਏݔ૩
ޅ၃ڪप ࢅتݛ๕
Ⴔጨূ
ׂิኤዖૌ
ణՔ
01 ၙᄲቛྭ ᅜକႴᄲፔ๊ઠ݀ഐظᅪ
ظႎୁײ
༬रీᄲ൱
ऄۯĂ߾ਏݔ૩
ޅ၃ڪपࢅتݛ๕
Ⴔጨূ
ׂิኤዖૌ
ణՔ
ྺ༑Ⴀ߾ፕֱܸۙݴဆ
SWOT ݴဆ ࿚༶হۨ ׯᅺ
گ฿Өޅ၃LjڍႴᄲܔස ࢆํแၙ݆ेᅜඓਡስ
ጨዺূ
ٗኟ๕ჺ৯ֱۙईݥኟ๕ ኪ๎֑णዐ݆ၙڦڥ ࢅ९
ᅃ߲ԥടړࢅඓۨ ᅭڦ࿚༶ईऐᇜ
ظܔሰ႙ၙ݆ڦ ࠓາࢅᅟࣅ
າஷ ظᅪ݀ิഗ ظᅪ߾ݙ
ߛ฿Ө୲ਏᆶ၂ڦీ ႠLj९ڦጨศଶڞ ࠲ዘᄲ
ཚྺጨዺLj ౾ܻྺՎ၎ጨዺ
एᇀኤDŽڍփᄲࡗᇀਆ ၌DžLjܔՎ߫ईీႠׯ ᅺڦፔൣညڦ
ᅃ߲ईᅃဣଚᅜԥ݀ቛ ࢅॠᄓ݆ၙڦ
ยऺࢅํแरຍࢇंڦ
༹ᄓ ᇱ႙֪ݛӄ օ݀ةഗ
ߛ฿Ө୲ਏᆶ၂ڦీ ႠĂ९ڦጨศଶڞ ࠲ዘᄲ
ጨዺLjՎ၎ጨዺईٿ
ࡤᆶׯԨၳᅮࡀࣄยऺ ڦĂሞํाᄓᇑዐ ႚڦׯĂԈࡤയሞ๑ᆩኁ ڦᆶ૰ஃ
ᆶ࠲ၙ݆ႜႠڦኤई ኁ࠲ᇀኧे݆ၙܔ ߾ምሰڦኤ
ฆᄽ݀ቛࢅೠࠚ
ઢ ౷ᇑയዊ ฆᄽఇ๕
ጨዺएূ ईኁٗཨጨዐणጨ
ࡤᆶׯԨၳᅮࡀࣄยऺ ڦĂሞํाᄓᇑዐ ႚڦׯĂԈࡤയሞ๑ᆩኁ ڦᆶ૰ஃ
ඓยแतणጨڦԍኤ
ഽڦٷଶڞLj ࠶ࢅํแरേ
࠲॰ඪခ თ࣍ბသ ణՔටඖ
ጚԢྺํแፔۙኝ
ၜణጨূLjࠣLjٿ
ሞኟ๕ೠࠚࢅኤण DŽ૧ᆩ੦ፇઠಇأᆖ ၚᅺ໎Džዐ࿘ࠦĂၘဦ ڦஃ
ᅃၜڥᅜํแժჄ݀ ቛظڦႎ
ഽڦٷଶڞLj ࠶ࢅํแरേ
ฆᄽऺࣄ ᄽခऺࣄ ᆐၨࠓ
ዒ܈ೠࠚዘᄲĂႴᄲ ഽీڦٷ૰ඓԍํ७ገᅎ
ࠣLjٿLjӀࡕ Ljมࣷᆖၚቐඋ
ኤઠጲᇀܠዖׇৠᅜत ܀૬ሏႜڦໜऐ੦ํᄓ
ظႎईࡀٷఇᆖၚ!
ᆫႯଶڞ૰Lj࠶ీ૰Ă ६՚ీ૰ᅜतႎଶڞतႎ ཷڦܓಢჟీ૰
ࠓॺअӵ࠲ဣ თኤऺࣄ
݀၄യሞڦᅪྔၳᆌ
ܠዖূබဣཥLjႴᄲዘႎ ք၍तएᇀࡕڦీ Ⴀጨূ
ܔᇀၳ୲ࢅᆖၚڦႎۨڦ ᅭत࢚ଉՔጚ
ႜྺݛ๕Վ߫
1
༑ऐᇜࢅ
2
ׂิظᅪ
3
ਸ݀ᇑ֪
4
׃ᆯ
एᇀೠࠚࡕࢅᆩࢽݒ ઍLjጚԢۙব݆ݛ
5
ᇑํแ
6
݀ቛĂકቛतدխ
7
߀Վ༹ဣ
घ݀ࢅኧมࣷظႎํڦᆩ߾ਏ
݀ቛLjᆖၚᇑ
ᇑٷბڦሞၯิࡀࣄมࣷยऺၜణ
݀ቛLjᆖၚᇑ
घ݀ࢅኧมࣷظႎํڦᆩ߾ਏ
PRACTICAL TOOLS TO TRIGGER & SUPPORT SOCIAL INNOVATION
Development Impact & You
02
ၙᄲ ቛྭ ཚࡗহۨ ߾ڦፕࡕׯ } თኤऺࣄ
֖ᇑೝ
ഔ݀ᇀ Nesta (2009)Ėظᅪഓᄽ߾ਏԈėዐ߾ڦፕ2bǖთኤऺࣄ Ⴔᄲཞ๚0ཞपࣆܔLjҾಇୁ้क़Lj ీႴᄲᅃཀᅜฉ้क़ཚ૰ྜׯă
घ݀ࢅኧมࣷظႎํڦᆩ߾ਏ
݀ቛLjᆖၚᇑ
घ݀ࢅኧมࣷظႎํڦᆩ߾ਏ
݀ቛLjᆖၚᇑ
02 თኤऺࣄ
ኄ๊ ᅜतྺ๊ ႴᄲǛ ፔኄ߾ݻፕڦᇱᅺ఼๊Ǜთኤऺࣄᅃዖ߾ਏLjీӻዺ׃ त߀ేሞፔ߾ڦፕăߴే༵ࠃᅃ߲०ݛڦڇ๕ઠۨᅭࢅݴၛే߾ ፕၜణᅜत၎࠲ڦᅈࢅ्ยăཚࡗघేݣາୟLj୯߾ፕܔణ ՔᅮኁĂมࣷࢅഄፇኯڦၳࡕLjთኤऺࣄӻዺేࠓॺᅃ߲ᆶᆶ ڦᆖၚݛӄă
? සࢆ๑ᆩ ံLjሞ߾ፕዐ႐གే߾ڦፕईຌऐࠓ࠲ڦጀۅă ࢫཚࡗ࿚༶ઠݒາే࠲ڦጀื༵ۅĂ༺࣑ई၌କ๊ă ే߾ڦፕࣷߴຌևோĂഄࠅຳևோټઠనၵ߀ՎLjܔม ࣷᆶࢆᆖၚăኄߴే༵ࠃᅃ߲ݒາ߾ፕشڦࡕׯ੨ă
༺࣑ ేڦၜణ ईຌፇኯڦ ࠲ጀۅ
ዘና
घ݀ࢅኧมࣷظႎํڦᆩ߾ਏ
• ߸࠽ગڦ๘হDŽາୟፌٷ၌ݣ܈Dž • ేڦጆᄽଶᇘई࠲ጀଶᇘDŽ૩සॽසࢆᆖၚ၄ႜٯแDž • ేڦᅮኁDŽࣷߴ்ټઠనၵ૧ᅮDž • ేጲวDŽࣷߴే߾ڦፕ0ิऄټઠనၵᆖၚDž!
༵ื
თኤऺࣄ༵ࠃᅃ߲ࠓࣅݛ๕ઠᇨ९ేڦऄܔۯ࿄ઠڦᆖၚăኄీӻዺే ݒາేထྭ߀Վईԍାڦ๚ăᄺӻዺ݀၄؛ڦയሞ࿚༶ईᅟۅٱă
݀ቛLjᆖၚᇑ
ٗփཞঙ࠲ځੂ܈॰ݛ௬ăړགႀ຺ዜ้ݛڦLj൩າǖ
ᆯُ ਸ๔
၌
02 ၙᄲቛྭ ཚࡗহۨ߾ڦፕࡕׯ
თኤऺࣄ
༵ื
༺࣑
ኄॽ๊ܔׂิႎڦॏኵǛ
ࣷ๑నၵ۫ဇփසටᅪǛ
ేڦၜణ ࢅຌፇኯ ࠲ڦጀۅ
ዘና ׯॺڦएᇀ๊Ǜ
၌ ሞट܋൧ူׂࣷิనၵၩटፕᆩǛ
घ݀ࢅኧมࣷظႎํڦᆩ߾ਏ
݀ቛLjᆖၚᇑ
ӄ ૩ ჺ৯ ๑ᆩ߾ਏǖთኤऺࣄ ፇኯǖࢇࡔਸ݀ऺࣄຈDŽDž ࡔॆǖ ႜᄽǖںړዎ ঙǖၜణঢ়Ljሏᆩม༹ઠظႎ৽ںړᄽ ஏටǖLEJLA SADIKU ۉᆰǖLEJLA.SADIKU@UNDP.ORG ߸ܠ႑တǖHTTP://UNDP.AKVOAPP.ORG/FR/PROJECT/1338/
ٗยऺࢅॺዾဣბิ֖ᇑڦთኤऺࣄ߾ፕݙዐׂิڦዷᄲࡕׯ
்ထྭీࠓॺ ม൶ยऺዐ႐ă ்ॽሏᆩዚؕऐ ઠኧ௷ࠅዷڦڞ בᅱă
݀ቛLjᆖၚᇑ
घ݀ࢅኧมࣷظႎํڦᆩ߾ਏ
ኄ߲ဣཥԈઔକǖ • ᆶ࠲ม൶݀ቛॺ௷ࠅڦᅱກࣷံሞዐᄕዚؕྪበฉႜጀ֩ă • ۯᇵॺዾဣࢅยऺဣბิᇑአުׯᇵᅃഐLjࢇፕยऺׂई ਦݛӄLjໜࢫࠅքၜణႴጨূă
ӄ૩ჺ৯
ӻዺ்କڟබࢇփཞ ม൶ׯᇵ࠲ڦ॰ۅDŽԲසLj ᅝຍဣბิ்ܔᇑอெᆶ࠲ ڦၜణ߸ߌ႗Džă ்ྺࢆ๑ᆩ߾ਏǖ
்සࢆ๑ᆩ߾ਏǖ
ኄ߲ၜణణമ࣏تᇀ߁؛๔Lj ்ኟሞٗణՔටඖዐቲఠႎׯᇵǗ ்ထྭٗᅃ߲փཞڦঙ܈ઠอࢅ֪ ்݆ၙڦă
ሞPristinaٷࠌࠅڦბยऺဣዐLj்ၠ71 lj81ටቛ๖କ்ڦၜణࢅణՔă்ထ ྭሞසُࡀٷఇڦටඖዐൽڥଉݒڦܠ ઍă֖ᇑኄْ߾ፕڦݙბิ்อᅱକኄ߲ ၜణܔᇀ்Ԩںม൶ڦᅪᅭLj்ᄺٗ ၜణڦዷᄲ࠲ටتइڥକܔၜణݥዘ ᄲॺڦᅱă
ጣዘഽۙକྜڦ ยऺୁࠞܔײ֖ᇑኁཨ ڦዘᄲႠăܔᇀྺే ༵ࠃ้क़ࢅ૰ڦටઠຫă ኄᅃۅटྺዘᄲă
๑ᆩ߾ਏڦࡕǖ ኄ߲ऄۯඟ்ڦၜణ၂๖କഽڦ ཀྵăଇ߲ݛ௬༬՚ᆶӻዺǖ •!ӻዺ்କڟබࢇփཞม൶ׯᇵڦ ࠲॰ۅDŽԲසLjᅝຍဣბิ்ܔᇑอெ ᆶ࠲ڦၜణ߸ߌ႗Džă • ጣዘഽۙକྜڦยऺୁܔڦײᇀ ֖ࠞᇑኁཨڦዘᄲႠăܔᇀྺ ే ้ ࠃ ༵ क़ ࢅ ૰ ڦට ઠ ຫ Lj!! ኄᅃۅटྺዘᄲă
घ݀ࢅኧมࣷظႎํڦᆩ߾ਏ
݀ቛLjᆖၚᇑ
ӄ ૩ ჺ৯ ๑ᆩ߾ਏǖთኤऺࣄLj࿚༶হۨ
Teemacᇑമᄂঞᇣॆࠌཞਸ݀କCuriosityഓᄽጨᇸࡀࣄDŽERPDžೝ ăཚࡗೝLjUffnbdᇑঞᇣऐࠓࠌཞਸׂ݀Ljӻዺঞᇣऐࠓํ ၄၄ࣅپă
ፇኯǖTEEMAC ࡔॆǖᆇ܈ ႜᄽǖঞᇣ ঙǖঢ় ஏටǖTARUN MARKOSE ۉᆰǖ TARUNMARKOSE@GMAIL.COM
၄ሞ்ኟሞჺ৯ ᅃၜႎࠀీăঢĐᇶႚਗׇđă ీࠕॽٷბิᇑၯాੜྔऄۯ থഐઠă
ణമ்ࢇڦፕঞᇣऐࠓධ๑ᆩدཥߢࠅڦӱ݀քࡗ้ڦଣ้႑တLj ܸڥتኪბิईბᇾ࠶ᇵසࢆথई߸ႎ႑တă
ቷೌǖၭፇ༪ஃેओܸ߾ڦׯፕă
݀ቛLjᆖၚᇑ
घ݀ࢅኧมࣷظႎํڦᆩ߾ਏ
ӄ૩ჺ৯
TEEMACׯܓཷڦᇵઠጲփཞଶᇘǖྪᄻਸ݀Ljฆᄽࢅᆩࢽ༹ᄓยऺă
்ྺࢆ๑ᆩ߾ਏǖ ்ᅪ๎ڟሞྺೝॺ૬ࠀీ้Lj்ࡗ ᇀၙࣅă்ጕໜଳߌLjܸሞኄၵଳ ߌዐLjঞᇣऐࠓඐੂփڟ၂ॏኵăྺକ ߀Վኄ߲ጒༀLj்ၙሞਸ๔ॺ૬Đᇶ ႚਗׇđࠀీമLj்ᆌ֑ൽ߸ेᆶ თݛڦ๕ă
்සࢆ๑ᆩ߾ਏǖ
๑ᆩ߾ਏڦࡕǖ
ࢅଇ߲ፇᇵٶᆇକ߾ፕLjፖሞጞമLj ኝԴऻࢅາୟăĐ࿚༶হۨđ߾ਏኻీ ӻዺ்ൣᅙኪ๚ၜăፌᆶڦፌࢫ ᅃ߲࿚༶ǖĐేీᅜփཞݛڦ๕າኄ߲ ࿚༶Ǜేీዘࠓኄ߲࿚༶Ǜđᆶ้ ࢪే݀၄࿚༶ժᅜڇᅃາୟઠਦ Ljኄ߲࿚༶ӻዺ்າీޏᆩփ ཞݛ๕ੂځ࿚༶ă
ኄ߲ऄۯඟ்ਸ๔ዊᅑԲۨظڦ ᅪăӻዺ்ݒາࢅอᅈ੍ਥظ ॺڦኝ߲ဣཥăኄၜჟଁኮᅜᆫႯ ᅺྺీӻዺ்ेศ்ᅃၙ ྜ߾ڦׯፕă
Đთኤऺࣄ߾ፕđ߭ྔᆶăړ் ਸ๔ག้Lj்݀၄்ժփ႑ޜ ਦݛӄߵڦࢅڦీᆖၚăࡕLj ்ߌڟၵႹઓउLjܸ၎ࢻኛኴăڟ ణമྺኹLj்࿄ీቴٴڟӄLjڍኄ ᅑᅃ߲ଆႠࡕׯă
ӻዺ்! ݒາࢅอᅈ੍! ਥڦॺظኝ߲ဣཥă
घ݀ࢅኧมࣷظႎํڦᆩ߾ਏ
݀ቛLjᆖၚᇑ
ྺॖ܋ᆩࢽඖೠࠚස֦ࢫলरظڦᅪ
݀ቛLjᆖၚᇑ
घ݀ࢅኧมࣷظႎํڦᆩ߾ਏ
PRACTICAL TOOLS TO TRIGGER & SUPPORT SOCIAL INNOVATION
Development Impact & You
03
ၙᄲ ۨᅃ߲ൣညࣄऺڦ ཚࡗೠࠚ ڦ၄ጒࢅስ } SWOT ݴဆ
֖ᇑೝ
ഔ݀ᇀ MindTools (1996) SWOT ݴဆ Ⴔᄲཞ๚0ཞपࣆܔLjҾಇୁ้क़Lj ీႴᄲᅃཀᅜฉ้क़ཚ૰ྜׯă
घ݀ࢅኧมࣷظႎํڦᆩ߾ਏ
݀ቛLjᆖၚᇑ
घ݀ࢅኧมࣷظႎํڦᆩ߾ਏ
݀ቛLjᆖၚᇑ
03 SWOT ݴဆ
ኄ๊ ᅜतྺ๊ ႴᄲǛ
? සࢆ๑ᆩ ጲ಼ೠǖSWOTݴဆీࠕघ಼݀ೠݒઍLjփৈᆓࢇጲम0 ටăԍਸڦݣ႐ༀLjൎကԍă٪ሞᆫଝํຌ ൧Ljᄲኟځੂऐᇜᇑăᆶ้Lj༌तଝईీࠕӻ ዺేණ๎ᆫࢅऐᇜă
SWOTݴဆփৈీࠕᆩᇀኝ߲ፇኯLj࣏ీᆩᇀ܀૬ևோĂऺࣄĂ ฯၜణăߵేڦేܔፇኯᆫଝतྔևऐᇜڦLj ྜ߾ׯፕዐᅃ߲ݛăᅜူ߸ܠ๑ᆩॺᅱǖ ؊ݴጚԢǖሞݴဆമLjጚԢࡻ๚ํࢅຕă
ܔԲݴဆǖᄥ൩ටईᄽྔට๗DŽԲසేࢇڦፕፇኯDžፔཞ
SWOTStrengthsDŽᆫDžĂWeaknessesDŽଝDžĂ!Opportunities DŽऐᇜDžĂThreatsDŽDžڦႀăSWOTݴဆీኍܔ༬ۨၜణĂፇ ኯईኝ߲ևோႜăኄᅃݴဆࣷेศၜణईፇኯీࠕ༵ࠃ๊Ljྺ କࠀׯనၵዷᄲଝႴᄲ߀Ljᅜतనీࠕᆅྔևअӵლ൱ӻዺă
ඇ௬ጹࢇǖశઔᆶీᆖၚే߾ڦፕڦဦবLjٗፌၭڦဦব DŽ૩සၭፇ༪ஃዐፌྲ࠵ڦ࿚༶DžٷڟဦবDŽ૩සአުႎࡀDžă
ᄣଁڦသLjԲডጲमᇑ்ۅ࠵ڦă ምْݴဆǖሞ߾ፕዐׂۨࣷิႎ݀၄ࢅႎᅺ໎ăምْႜSWOT ݴဆLjॽే߾ڦፕᇑᅃल܈ईӷक़߾ڦፕײဣഐઠă ፕྺኸڞǖփᄲࡗݴᅈડSWOTĊĊኻᅃ߲ӻዺేࡀࣄ࿄ ઠ݀ቛڦኸڞă
ྜׯTXPUݴဆႴᄲ๎՚ࢅࠓॺాྔᅺ໎Ljኄၵᅺ໎ӻዺईፆҹేํ၄ ణՔăኄᅃݴဆ༵ࠃଆࡻॐLjీࠕอ၄ႜ֧ࢅݛၠLjฯሞ༑ ୟڦཞ้ႜ֪ăሞၜణਸ๔മፔTXPUݴဆᆮྺᆶၳă
ᆫ
ଝ ాև!!ᅺ໎
ऐᇜ
ྔև!!ᅺ໎
݀ቛLjᆖၚᇑ
घ݀ࢅኧมࣷظႎํڦᆩ߾ਏ
03 ၙᄲۨᅃ߲ൣညࣄऺڦ ཚࡗೠࠚڦ၄ጒࢅስ
SWOT ݴဆ
ᆫ
ଝ
ేሞనၵݛՍԲ՚ටፔࡻڦǛ ๊๑ేՎ܀ڥ༬Ǜ ཞഄට၎ԲLjేీइڥనၵ܀༬ईׯگԨڦጨᇸǛ ሞేڦଶᇘړዐLjഄටሹᄣੂڦేځᆫǛ!
ేీࠕ༵ߛ๊Ǜ ేᆌՆ௨๊Ǜ నၵ๚൧ሞටੂઠࣷଝǛ
ాև!!ᅺ໎
ऐᇜ
ට்ᆶႴᄲǛ ට்ޏᆶഄೋࡻǛ र٪ሞՎ߫Ǜ አުአ֧ᆶ߀ՎǛ!
ే௬ଣనၵǛ ేڦ৪ኛኁሞፔၵ๊Ǜ र߀ڦՎޏඟ๚൧߸ेઓవǛ ጨূޏ٪ሞ࿚༶Ǜ
ྔև!!ᅺ໎ घ݀ࢅኧมࣷظႎํڦᆩ߾ਏ
݀ቛLjᆖၚᇑ
ᇑཷܓᅃഐփཞڦฆᄽఇ႙ᅜፕፌࢇڦስ
2013 ܘඇ൰ޜခჟଁᆐ ݀ቛLjᆖၚᇑ
घ݀ࢅኧมࣷظႎํڦᆩ߾ਏ
PRACTICAL TOOLS TO TRIGGER & SUPPORT SOCIAL INNOVATION
Development Impact & You
04
ၙᄲ ۨᅃ߲ൣညࣄऺڦ ࠲ᇀසࢆ ݀ቛظᅪ } ฆᄽఇ๕
֖ᇑೝ
ઠᇸᇀ Osterwalder A., Pigneur Y (2010)Ėฆᄽఇ๕ႎิپė
ၙཉॲူLj߸ްሗ߾ڦਏᆌࢾݯ ຕනྜׯăߵ0ڦႠዊLj ฉ֫Ăཞपኮक़ႴᄲၹฆLjᅃอࡗࢫLj ీेᅜႪ߀ၳࡕ߸ॅă
घ݀ࢅኧมࣷظႎํڦᆩ߾ਏ
݀ቛLjᆖၚᇑ
घ݀ࢅኧมࣷظႎํڦᆩ߾ਏ
݀ቛLjᆖၚᇑ
04 ฆᄽఇ๕
ኄ๊ ᅜतྺ๊ ႴᄲǛ ฆᄽఇ๕ేܔٗ๚DŽईኁၙᄲٗ๚Dž߾ڦፕᅜतే߾ڦፕݛ๕ेᅜ ׃ຎ߁ઔǗཚࡗۨ࠲ڦڞב॰ऄࢅۯतഄ၎ࢻ࠲ဣLjٝ࠶ׯࢅ ڦࠓႠࣆܔăኄᅃႚ๕ፌံᆯOsterwalderࢅPigneur༵Lj ᆩᇀ၄٪ࢅႎ႗ፇኯĂഓᄽă၄٪ऺࣄీࠕਸ݀ႎבᅱࢅණۨऐᇜLjᇑ ُཞ้ཚࡗᐱയሞ࢚ࢅ࠲ऄߛ༵ۯၳ୲ăႎऺࣄీࠕ๑ᆩኄᅃ ߾ਏࡀࣄࢅາසࢆํ၄்ڦ౷ă
? සࢆ๑ᆩ ፕᅃݻฆᄽఇ๕Ljፌ०ݛڦڇ๕৽ٗགႀేፔ߾ڦፕ ਸ๔ăሞགႀഄࠓॲڦཞ้Ljኄࣷӻዺే࠲ጀዷᄲణՔăᆯ ُLjేీࠕླྀణՔLjժཚࡗཁेഄऄۯဦবतጨᇸઠ ํ၄ኄᅃణՔă
ܸLjጀᅪփᄲקᇀፌ݆ၙ؛Ljᄲ༑ཞዖׂĂޜခईर ຍڦഄฆᄽఇ๕ă ేᅜଁသժბသႎڦႜྺݛ๕Ljཚࡗۨేႌงईᇜڦڟඇ ႎڦईኁ߫ႎڦฆᄽఇ๕ă
ٗᅃݻӣਸ๔LjՔጀᅃࠓॲ࠲ڦ॰َăසࡕሞགႀࠓॲ ้๑ᆩĐՍധđLjే৽ీᅎظۯᅪ࿋ዃăስದݛӄՔऻ༬ ۨਜ਼ࢽă
ຣࣷ ӻዺేǛ
ేॽሹᄣ ႜ߾ፕǛ
ేॽ ፔၵ๊Ǜ
ేࣷሹᄣ ୁࢻۯǛ
ేॽ ӻዺຣǛ
࠲॰अӵ
࠲॰ऄۯ
ॏኵ༵ᅱ
ਜ਼ࢽ࠲ဣ
ਜ਼ࢽඖ
ᅃ߲ڇᇮీࠕሞ߲ڇऄۯईጨᇸాघ݀າୟڦཞ้ཚࡗࢢ࠵อઠ इڥႎঙᆩᅜኝࢇ߲߳ڇᇮăኄᅃࠓᄺӻዺेഽၭፇ༪ஃڦኍܔ ႠLjႚࢇׯ૰ă
ేႴᄲ ๊Ǜ
ేॽሹᄣ থৎ்Ǜ
ᆯُ ਸ๔
࠲॰ጨᇸ
݀ቛLjᆖၚᇑ
घ݀ࢅኧมࣷظႎํڦᆩ߾ਏ
ၨർڢ
ׯڦԨ๊Ǜ
ేॽइܠڥณᅮǛ
ׯԨࠓ
ᅮୁ
04 ၙᄲۨᅃ߲ൣညࣄऺڦ ࠲ᇀසࢆ݀ቛظᅪ!
ฆᄽఇ๕
ຣࣷӻዺేǛ
ేॽሹᄣႜ߾ፕǛ
ేॽፔၵ๊Ǜ
ేࣷሹᄣୁࢻۯǛ
ేॽӻዺຣǛ
࠲॰अӵ
࠲॰ऄۯ
ॏኵ༵ᅱ
ਜ਼ࢽ࠲ဣ
ਜ਼ࢽඖ
ຣేڦዘᄲअӵĂࠃᆌኁǛ ፌ࠲॰ࢇڦፕۯ૰๊Ǜ
ॏኵ༵ᅱႴᄲڦዷᄲऄۯనၵǛ నၵऄܔۯᇀၨർڢĂਜ਼ࢽ࠲ဣᅜतᅮୁڪ ઠፌྺ࠲ዘᄲǛ
ేၠਜ਼ࢽڦڿدሹᄣࢃڦ႐ॏኵǛ ేీࠕፁਜ਼ࢽڦనၵႴ൱Ǜ
ణՔඖ༹ထྭॺ૬ࢆዖ࠲ဣǛ ేॽසࢆॽኄዖ࠲ဣᇑฆᄽׯԨࢅฆᄽႚ๕၎ ࢻࢇǛ
ేሞྺన߲֫ظሰॏኵǛ ຣేፌዘᄲڦਜ਼ࢽǛ
ేႴᄲ๊Ǜ
ేॽሹᄣথৎ்Ǜ
࠲॰ጨᇸ
ၨർڢ
ॏኵ༵ᅱႴᄲڦዷᄲጨᇸ๊Ǜ
ਜ਼ࢽထྭٗనၵർڢइൽဣǛ నዖർڢፌॅǛׯڦԨܠณǛ ்ሹᄣ֍ీేྺׯᇑਜ਼ࢽࡀڦႠײႾǛ
ׯڦԨ๊Ǜ
ేॽइܠڥณᅮǛ
ׯԨࠓ
ᅮୁ
๊߾ፕዐፌׯڦٷԨǛ నၵዷᄲጨᇸईऄۯፌྺӆࡍڦǛ
ਜ਼ࢽᇼᅪྺࢆዖॏኵܸኧǛ ்ৎኧକనၵ۫ဇLjཞ้Lj்ᆼሹᄣኧڦǛ்ဠ࣌ሹᄣႜኧǛ ᅃԴᅮୁీࠕܔጺᅮټઠࠋڦٷܠ၅Ǜ
घ݀ࢅኧมࣷظႎํڦᆩ߾ਏ
݀ቛLjᆖၚᇑ
ᇑփཞْ֫ࢇڦፕअӵۨ࠲ᇀূබԈඹႠڦၜణऺࣄ
݀ቛLjᆖၚᇑ
घ݀ࢅኧมࣷظႎํڦᆩ߾ਏ
PRACTICAL TOOLS TO TRIGGER & SUPPORT SOCIAL INNOVATION
Development Impact & You
05
ၙᄲ ۨᅃ߲ൣညࣄऺڦ ᆩᅜᇑ ഄኾཞڦࢇڢ ཷܓਸቛࢇፕ } ࠓॺअӵ࠲ဣ
֖ᇑೝ
ഔ݀ᇀ Tennyson R. (2003)Ėࠓॺअӵ࠲ဣ߾ਏກėڼ5ᄻ;!ࠓॺअӵ࠲ဣڦ23߲ ၙཉॲူLj߸ްሗ߾ڦਏᆌࢾݯ ຕනྜׯăߵ0ڦႠዊLj ฉ֫Ăཞपኮक़ႴᄲၹฆLjᅃอࡗࢫLj ీेᅜႪ߀ၳࡕ߸ॅă
घ݀ࢅኧมࣷظႎํڦᆩ߾ਏ
݀ቛLjᆖၚᇑ
घ݀ࢅኧมࣷظႎํڦᆩ߾ਏ
݀ቛLjᆖၚᇑ
05 ࠓॺअӵ࠲ဣ
ኄ๊ ᅜतྺ๊ ႴᄲǛ ܠٷຕްሗ࿚༶ۼᆶփཞׯڦᅺࢅᆖၚĊĊኄၵ࿚༶ᆯݴຌփཞևோڦ ፇኯ܀૬ਦăᆯᇀႹܠፇኯጨᇸᆶ၌Ljႚׯअӵ࠲ဣᅃ߲ࡻ݆ݛLj փৈీࠕ༵ߛీ૰Lj࣏ీક߃ޮٷ௬ăअӵ࠲ဣీࠕӻዺࠓॺࠌ๎Ljბ သኪ๎Ljኄၵኪ๎ీࣷሞփཞଶᇘدխă
? සࢆ๑ᆩ Đࠓॺअӵ࠲ဣđ௮ຎକअӵ࠲ဣᆌঢ়૦߲߳ڦăቛ! ๖କᆶၳڦअӵ࠲ဣዐᅃႴాඹLj༵ࠃኸࡀݥܸڞሶă ᄲၙԍೝ࢚ժํ၄ణՔLjዐᅃۼዘᄲLjփᆌࢮă ྺକଆࡻሏႜLjअӵ࠲ဣᆌࢻࣳࢻ૧ăేᅜ๑ᆩĐࠓॺअӵ ࠲ဣđኄᅃ߾ਏݴဆేࢅేڦअӵتLjਸቛူᅃ ߾ፕLjࠌཞॺ૬߸ഽॳڦअӵ࠲ဣă
อ
ࠓॺअӵ࠲ဣႴᄲ߳ࠌݛཞ౮૰ăཚLjኄႴᄲཨٷӝ้क़ॺ૬ߛዊ ଉ߾ፕ࠲ဣLjኄዖ࠲ဣీࠕٝᆶၳࢇፕăࠓॺअӵ࠲ဣॽኝ߲ࡗײ ྺݴब߲օየLjేీᆯُᇨ֪മݛઓవࢅă
ඓۨ
1
Ⴤईዕኹ
घ݀ࢅኧมࣷظႎํڦᆩ߾ਏ
ॺ૬
2
ႚׯऐ
12
݀ቛLjᆖၚᇑ
• ඓۨేت!• ඓۨేྭ!• ᆩఇӱࡀࣄୟ၍ ُࡀࣄ၍ୟ߁ઔକक़Ⴔऄۯă
ऺࣄ
3
4
ೠࠚ
Ⴊ۩
11
ᆌܔ
10
ጨᇸದዃ
5
֪ଉ
9
6
ํแ
8
7
05 ၙᄲۨᅃ߲ൣညࣄऺڦ ᆩᅜᇑഄኾཞܓཷڦࢇڢਸቛࢇፕ
ࠓॺअӵ࠲ဣ
อ
ඓۨ
ॺ૬
ऺࣄ
ᆌܔ
ጨᇸದዃ
କǗण႑တǗ ᇑ૧ᅮටतയሞྔևጨᇸ༵ࠃኁၹฆǗ ॺ૬अӵ࠲ဣᇼৠ
ඓۨࢇڦയሞअӵLjժඓԍ்ڦ ֖ᇑǗ்ࠞၹཞ߾ፕ!
अӵኮक़ሞණཞణՔĂణڦतࢃ႐ᇱ ሶڦമ༵ူॺ૬்߾ڦፕ࠲ဣLjࠈ ࠦअӵ࠲ဣ
ࢇፕअӵࠌཞऺࣄऄۯၜణLjཞ้ਸ๔ ࡀࣄൣညᅃዂڦၜణ!
ࢇፕअӵኮक़ࠌཞ༑अӵ࠲ဣዐ ࠓत࠶!
ࢇፕअӵDŽᅜतഄኧኁDžඓժۙ ण၄ূईݥ၄ূጨᇸ!
1
2
3
4
5
6
Ⴤईዕኹ
ႚׯऐ
Ⴊ۩
࣮ࠥ
֪ଉ
ํแ
ॺ૬ჄႠईኁܔടڦړஃइڥණཞ!
ྺअӵ࠲ဣॺ૬ࢇڦࠓࢅऐLj ܸٗඓԍڦ౷तჄႠ!
ߵঢ়ᄓઠႪ۩अӵ࠲ဣĂऺࣄࢅၜణ
࣮ࠥअӵ࠲ဣǖܔᇀࢇፕፇኯઠຫLj अӵ࠲ဣׂิକ๊ᆖၚǛ ้ࢪأᅃၵࢇፕኁLjईᆅႎ ࢇڦፕኁǛ
ܔᆖၚतၳ୲DŽཨतׂDžႜ֪ଉ ࢅࣹԒăࢇፕ࠲ဣڟٳޏକణՔǛ
ړጨᇸඇևڟ࿋Ăၜణဦব๎ࠌׯٳ ้Ljํแࡗײໜनਸ๔Ljፏቷံമሀۨ ้ڦक़ࢅ༬ׂਸቛ߾ፕ
12
11
10
9
8
7 घ݀ࢅኧมࣷظႎํڦᆩ߾ਏ
݀ቛLjᆖၚᇑ
ްሗڦ࿐ิဣཥၜణዐࢻ၎ဣݒڦઍთ࣋ऐॺڦ૬
݀ቛLjᆖၚᇑ
घ݀ࢅኧมࣷظႎํڦᆩ߾ਏ
PRACTICAL TOOLS TO TRIGGER & SUPPORT SOCIAL INNOVATION
Development Impact & You
06
ၙᄲ ۨᅃ߲ൣညࣄऺڦ ཚࡗ߀ ኮമ߾ڦፕ } თ࣍ბသ
֖ᇑೝ
ഔ݀ᇀ ܘIDEO (2011) ᅜටྺԨยऺ߾ਏԈǖĖڿدǖॺ૬ᅃ߲ბသऺࣄėܾڼӲ-!ڼ145ᄻ Բড०ڇLjጲ࠶߾ਏ ၎ܔᆩ้ডณ
घ݀ࢅኧมࣷظႎํڦᆩ߾ਏ
݀ቛLjᆖၚᇑ
घ݀ࢅኧมࣷظႎํڦᆩ߾ਏ
݀ቛLjᆖၚᇑ
06 თ࣍ბသ
ኄ๊ ᅜतྺ๊ ႴᄲǛ ბသᅃ߲თ࣍ࡗײăთ࣍ბသᅃዖ߾ਏLjӻేۨᅭే၄ሞ߾ڦፕ ݛ๕Ljժᇨ๖ူ߾ፕă༵ࠃ࠲ᇀසࢆॽมࣷՎ߫ྺߪݴჄ۞ ڦپთ࣍ࡗߛڦײपă
? සࢆ๑ᆩ ኄᅃ߾ਏߴే༵ࠃᅃ߲ࡀࣄत߾ፕॐăᅃև࠲ݴဣేڟ ຌፇኯ߾ڦፕ݆ݛĂဣཥࢅࡗײăӻేॠֱేڦፇኯޏኈ ኟٗጲวঢ়ᄓዐბသDŽࠀׯ฿ӨDžLjժჄ߀ă ๑ᆩთ࣍ბသ߾ፕLjऻᅃ߲ݛዐڦ࿚༶ăኄᅃײዐLj ժჹ߭ڦഐۅईዘۅĊĊేీᆩ߾ፕࡀࣄႎၜణईऻ၄ ႜၜణă࠲॰ేٗणڦڟঢ়૦ĂݒઍईࡕዐბသLjኄీ ӻేݒາࢅ߀ేူᅃօ߾ፕă
ኄᅃ߾ፕڟIDEOბသऺࣄDŽ3122Džഔ݀Lj௮ຎే߾ڦፕీঢ়૦ ຺߲ڦთႾॷڦăሞႜLj๑ᆩኄᅃ߾ਏీࠕӻዺփ ཞăཚࡗݒາภࡗײLjీӻేူᅃօ߾ፕă
ण ঢ়૦ࢅ९ ೠۨ ࡕׯतᆖၚ
ጀዘ ݒઍࢅ ਦݛӄ ߶ ኸՔࢅ ၜణቛ
݀ቛLjᆖၚᇑ
घ݀ࢅኧมࣷظႎํڦᆩ߾ਏ
06 ၙᄲۨᅃ߲ൣညࣄऺڦ ཚࡗ߀ኮമ߾ڦፕ
თ࣍ბသ णঢ়૦ࢅ९ Ⴔ൱ೠۨ!}!କ࣍ৣ!}!ႚׯएጚ!}!इڥഔ݀!
ೠۨࡕׯतᆖၚ
ጀዘݒઍࢅਦݛӄ
ೠࠚཨጨ࣮Ԓ୲!}!ׂิႎएጚ!}!ඓူᅃ!
ስظᅪ!}!ዘอਦݛӄ!}!ႚํׯแݛӄ
߶ኸՔࢅၜణቛ ೠࠚਦݛӄ!}!ණۨᅪྔࡕ
घ݀ࢅኧมࣷظႎํڦᆩ߾ਏ
݀ቛLjᆖၚᇑ
ӄ ૩ ჺ৯ ๑ᆩ߾ਏǖฆᄽఇ๕ ፇኯǖSBCSOL - INCUBADORA DE EMPREENDIMENTOS SOLIDARIOS ࡔॆǖәဇ ႜᄽǖظᄽࢅरీ݀ቛ ঙǖมࣷยऺ ஏටǖRENATA MENDES ۉᆰǖRENATACM@UOL.COM.BR
၄ሞڦၭ்ؙ ݥඍ݄ፇኯยแDŽԲස ऄۯक़Ăঢ়षኧ ࢅׇᆐၨጨᇸDžă ڍ்ۼวࣉਨर ժඤዔᇀጲमڦኰᄽă ்ྺඍณĐᆶ߾ፕđ ߌڟਊෟ
்ཞ႐มࣷኧዐ႐DŽCAPSDžࢇፕLjሏᆩၭؙरᅝDŽᅜतഄ ظሰႠ႐ଐ݆DžLjӻዺఫၵኟሞথ႐ዎଐׯڦᇵᅜतว႐փ࿘ ۨڦՉᇹඖ༹ႜްዎଐă்߾ڦፕݥᅈડᄽခຄଁڦၭፇၹ ۙᇵăኄၵၹۙᇵܔၭؙरᅝ؊ඤ൧Ljᄺྭཚࡗมࣷ߾ፕइڥණ ཞăڍ၄ሞධႴᄲጆᄽ০ظሰLjघၹۙᇵ߾ፕă ଇఁ "NÓ CEGO CIA DE PALHAÇOS' COLLECTIVE" ׯᇵ
݀ቛLjᆖၚᇑ
घ݀ࢅኧมࣷظႎํڦᆩ߾ਏ
ӄ૩ჺ৯
RENATA߀ࢫڦฆᄽఇ๕ฉڦփཞૌ႙Ք
PALHAÇOS ࠵ੂ்ྜڦׯఇ๕Ljժࡀࣄႎڦฆᄽఇ๕ူᅃ݀ቛ
்ྺࢆ๑ᆩ߾ਏǖ
்සࢆ๑ᆩ߾ਏǖ
Nó Cego Cia de PalhaçosኟሞSBCSolၜణ ዐࣅޓLjლቴྊጨᇸർ݆ݛڦڢă ்ޜڦခยऺᆫଆLjڍฆᄽևݴධሞሔ ᇣă்ਦۨሏᆩฆᄽఇ๕ྺၭظؙሰ ႎڦॏኵዷቧLj़ీڿدጆᄽĂ৪ኛޜခ Ljᄺզศࢩ૦๏ࢅݿঢ়૦ă் ထྭएᇀ֖ᇑࢅԈඹLjඟ߸ڦܠටӻዺ ்ࠓॺఇ႙ă
ྺକेഽ߾ፕᇑၭڦؙဣLj்߀ କ߾ਏLjेକ߸ܠኍܔ༬ۨ൧ৣڦ࿚ ༶ăྺକघ݀ظᅪLj்ӝऄྺݴۯଇ ߲ևݴǖ ؛๔ཀྵసޅԓǖ்ᅜٷፇႚ๕ਸ๔ऄ ۯLj֖ᇑኁඪᅪၙ࣮ڦٴ࿚༶ՊࡽLj ຩႾփ၌ă
ُ߾ਏ ၠுᆶظᄽঢ়૦ڦට ถĐฆᄽາྼđ߁ă ӻၭؙኝາୟă ᆶዺᇀࠓॺጲวణՔ ࢅ߲ڦਏ༹ႜۯă
๑ᆩ߾ਏڦࡕǖ ُ߾ਏၠுᆶظᄽঢ়૦ڦටถĐฆᄽ າྼđ߁ăӻၭؙኝາୟLjᆶዺ ᇀࠓॺጲวణՔࢅ߲ڦਏ༹ႜۯă ଷྔLjन๑ܔᇀժ࿄ࡗߛڪঞᇣڦට ๗Lj߾ਏ๑ᆩڦᇕჾཚໍᅟۮăሞఇ႙ ࿚༶ኸᆅူLj்ॺ૬କॕํڦॏኵዷ ቧLjኸڞᄽခఇ႙ዐഄև݀ڦݴቛă
ဦবยऺǖڼᅃօྜࢫׯLj்ॽၙ݆၎ ຼڦፇᇵፇׯၭፇLjඟ்ၘဦ׃ຎ߲ ዷ༶Ljᆮഄॏኵዷቧăኄᄣݴڦፇݛ๕ ᆶዺᇀۨၘဦఇ႙ă
घ݀ࢅኧมࣷظႎํڦᆩ߾ਏ
݀ቛLjᆖၚᇑ
ӄ ૩ ჺ৯ ๑ᆩ߾ਏǖฆᄽఇ๕ ፇኯǖSBCSOL - INCUBADORA DE EMPREENDIMENTOS SOLIDARIOS ࡔॆǖәဇ ႜᄽǖظᄽࢅरీ݀ቛ ঙǖมࣷยऺ ஏටǖRENATA MENDES ۉᆰǖRENATACM@UOL.COM.BR
࿋ᇀৎәဇԍஆళ࡛ӂڦ Criqué Caiçaraᆯ ఁਃ௷ፇدڦׯཥม൶Lj ᆯElos Instituteࢅݥአުፇኯ Central Artesolኧă
ኄ߲ม൶ڦణՔሏᆩ߾অरీԍ٪࿔ࣅĂ࣍ৣLjظሰ৽ᄽăׯ ๑ᆩԨںఢCaixetaࢅJureia)әဇิༀԍࢺ൶*ںړᇮ໎ăׂԈ ઔঞბਏĂದࢅॆਏഗ௹ă
DŽฉDž߾অሞఢݙዐፕ߾ᅝLjDŽူDžม൶๑ᆩ֖ڦᇑ๕ฆᄽఇ๕
݀ቛLjᆖၚᇑ
घ݀ࢅኧมࣷظႎํڦᆩ߾ਏ
ӄ૩ჺ৯
்ྺࢆ๑ᆩ߾ਏǖ
்සࢆ๑ᆩ߾ਏǖ
๑ᆩ߾ਏڦࡕǖ
்ၙᄲ૧ᆩ၄ᆶᆫॺ૬ฆᄽĊĊएᇀ ᅙᆶጨᇸLjཞ้ظሰᅃ߲มࣷႠฆᄽLj ᆌৣ࣍ںړĂม൶ࢅ߾ᅝă்ထྭॺ૬ ฆᄽऺࣄएإLjీබม൶ׯᇵLjኄ ᄣ்ᅜስጲमڦฆᄽఇ๕ă
ৃྺኹLjኝ߲ཷܓৈ࠲ጀᇀऄۯLjڍ ཚࡗጻ࠵ฆᄽ߲߳९ݛ௬Lj߾ਏӻ ዺ்ဣփཞᇮ໎ࢅऄۯăᅺُLj࠲ ॰ऄྺׯۯགႀఇ๕ڦഐۅăኄၜଁ သీׂิୁײLjԈࡤฆᄽඇևଶᇘLj ᅜत߲߳ଶᇘڦሴටă
ሞᅃቧኽฉװ၄ฆᄽఇ๕ӻዺፇኯ݀၄ փཞݛ௬ኮक़ڦဣăᇑُཞ้Ljీׂิ ႎظᅪLjޯᇎᅙኪ႑တႎᆩăُ߾ਏ ٝׯକ߲߳ଶᇘक़ࣆܔLjኄܔᇀCriqué CaiçaraᆮྺዘᄲLjᅺྺCriqué Caiçaraࡀ ఇၭLjཞᅃሴටࣩ݀փཞኰీă
்ၙᄲ૧ᆩ၄ᆶ ᆫॺ૬ฆᄽ ĊĊएᇀᅙᆶጨᇸLj ཞ้ظሰᅃ߲มࣷႠฆᄽLj ᆌৣ࣍ںړĂ ม൶ࢅ߾ᅝă
Criqué Caiçaraᅃ߲ॆፃඖ༹LjԈࡤᆽ ܹࢅ்ڦజൕăฆᄽఇ๕࠲॰Lj ඟᆶටओट֖ᇑഄዐLjሞ้܌क़ాํ ၄ณ֖ᇑኁڦᇼྭăُ߾ਏᆶዺᇀၠ ߾অถฆᄽ߁Ljӻ்ຏ૬ظᄽޅ ݔLjጆጀ߸ਏ༹ڦణՔă ኄ߲߾ፕݙӻዺᆫࣅକ்߾ڦፕLj߀ କ้क़࠶Ljᆶዺᇀ߸ࡻሏᆩरీă
घ݀ࢅኧมࣷظႎํڦᆩ߾ਏ
݀ቛLjᆖၚᇑ
ӄ ૩ ჺ৯ ๑ᆩ߾ਏǖSWOTݴဆ ፇኯǖSANERGY ࡔॆǖჱ ႜᄽǖൣলDŽLj࿐ิยแᇑ࿐ิDž ঙǖ༬՚ၜణࠥ࿚ ஏටǖMARIELLE SCHWEICKART ۉᆰǖMARIELLE@SANER.GY
Đኟሞႜᅃ߲ၜణLjܠᄣࣅ்ޜ ခڦม൶ྲ႙ظᄽڦୁăํाLjၜణ ቛຩ૧Ljժݥਦగ߲࿚༶Lj ၙగၵ߾ਏీࠕӻࠓາူᅃ߾ፕă ๑ᆩĎSWOTݴဆď߾ਏLjፕྺጲೠ ࠚଁသLjժཚࡗยၙݴဆሞ3߲ሆᅜ മྜڦׯઠᅃၵ߀Վăđ
Đኄ߲߾ਏݥᆶᆩLjӻ!!! !!ీඇ௬ںอၜణă !!ණྺLjසࡕሞၜణഐ؛ !!ᆩኄ߲߾ਏLjۨࣷጾၳăđ
SANERGYڦᅃ࠲ᇀׂၨڦSWOTݴဆă
݀ቛLjᆖၚᇑ
घ݀ࢅኧมࣷظႎํڦᆩ߾ਏ
ӄ૩ჺ৯ ๑ᆩ߾ਏǖࠓॺअӵ࠲ဣ ፇኯǖFHI360 ࡔॆǖᆇ܈ ႜᄽǖࠅࠌ࿐ิLjᆐᄢᇑൣল ঙǖཷܓଶڞ ஏටǖSUBBANAICKER KRISHNASWAMY ۉᆰǖSKRISHNASWAMY@MPTAST.ORG
• ሴీ૰ॺยݥڦአުፇኯॽਸ݀ࢅႪ ۩Đ֖ᇑ๕ბသႜۯDŽPLA**đఇLjժ ሴॽ࠶႑တဣཥํڟ࿋ă
MPATASTڦඇݛ࿋ॺ૬अӵ࠲ဣݛӄ
• ሴኴႜࢇڦፕअӵॽླྀQMBఇ!ă
MPTASTDŽዐᄕӺरຍᇲዺ ᇑኧܓཷDžዐᄕӺ࿐ิ ևோ߀߫ऺࣄDŽMPHSRPDž ڦᅃևݴLjၹዺࡔॆ࿐ิև ோሞᆇ܈ዐᄕӺඓۨڦ27߲ ࢫں൶߀ॳĂᆐᄢĂ Ă࿐ิยแࢅ࿐ิޜခLj ৽ׯ၂ዸă
ᇨऺڟ3126LjዐᄕӺॆڦབྷࢅม൶ॽٗ ᅃ༫ጹࢇݛӄዐइᅮLjኄ༫ݛӄᆖၚศ ᇺĂዊଉฉױLjᅜၹۙĂჄĂׯԨگ ݛڦ๕ڿدᅅଐޜခLjኄႴᄲݛܠ૧ ᅮටDŽሞࢢ࠵ࢅྲ࠵֫௬ฉDžཚ૰ࢇፕă
• ᅃ߲ऐࠓॽၠአުܔ੨ևோDŽनࡔॆ௷ ิ๑ཷSRLMDž༵ࠃरຍኧLjժӻዺ ்ስᅃॆට૰ጨᇸپઠپአު ႜටᇵቲࢅට૰ጨᇸ࠶ă
ణമLj்ኟሞ࠽ݘლ൱ࢇፕअӵLjܠ ݛ௬ޜခ9߲ں൶DŽٷሀ8-311-111ටDžǖ!
்ྺࢆ๑ᆩ߾ਏǖ ܔ்ઠຫLjඟփཞْ֫ĂփཞႠዊࢇڦ ፕअӵ֖ᇑઠኈኟڦă்๑ᆩ ࠓॺࢇፕअӵ࠲ဣ߾ਏକසࢆሞඓۨࢇ ፕ࠲ဣമබࢇ5߲૧ᅮටă
๑ᆩ߾ਏڦࡕǖ ُ߾ਏݴ՚ݴဆब߲၎࠲߁0ྼ܈Ljࠓ ॺअӵ࠲ဣăኄሞࠓॺअӵ࠲ဣ้Ⴔᄲ ႜݴڦဆăጀዘဦবๆݴዘᄲLjփ࠶ܠ ဦၭᄺփీࢮă
• ݥአުࢇፕअӵॽᅜएጚጒༀĂዐჺ ৯ࢅၜణྜׯᆖၚೠۨڦႚ๕ઠਸቛၜ ణೠࠚă
*֖ᇑ๕ბသႜۯDŽQMBDžႜۯჺ৯ڦᅃዖႚ๕ăኄ ᅃ߲ํᆩڦLjᆌႠڦჺ৯֧Lj๑փཞڦඖ༹ࢅ߲ටࠌ ཞბသLj߾ፕࢅႜۯLj࠲ጀࠌཞ࠲႐ڦ࿚༶Ljඓۨ߳ዖ Ljၹፕ௷ዷLjओटၚᆌă
घ݀ࢅኧมࣷظႎํڦᆩ߾ਏ
݀ቛLjᆖၚᇑ
ӄ ૩ ჺ৯ ๑ᆩ߾ਏǖთ࣍ბသ ፇኯǖFHI360 ࡔॆǖᆇ܈ ႜᄽǖࠅࠌ࿐ิĂᆐᄢࢅĂ࿐ิยแࢅ࿐ิޜခDŽൣলDž ঙǖཷܓଶڞ ஏටǖSUBBANAICKER KRISHNASWAMY ۉᆰǖSKRISHNASWAMY@MPTAST.ORG
ᄲਦڦజᆊຶྨ ฉԒփፁईփԒڦ࿚༶Lj ኄࠅࠌॳᇑᆐᄢڦ ࠲॰มࣷኸՔă
݀ቛLjᆖၚᇑ
घ݀ࢅኧมࣷظႎํڦᆩ߾ਏ
MPTAST࠶ူࡔॆజᆊॳᇑᆐᄢऺࣄڦთ࣍ბသऺࣄ
ଶڞMPTASTऺࣄLjၠᆇ܈ዐᄕӺአު༵ࠃڦरຍၹዺࢅ࠶ኧLj ࡥ߃ॳࢅॆབྷޟ૧Ăܹཡ݀ቛĂ٩྿ࣷࢅ౫٩݀ቛଶᇘă ฉԒփፁࢅփԒ၄ၡፆҹৰํڦ݆ݛٱแLjኄၵӸ݆ᆶዺᇀইگజᆊຶྨă
ӄ૩ჺ৯
்ྺࢆतසࢆ๑ᆩ߾ਏ;
๑ᆩ߾ਏڦࡕǖ
ᇑ૧ᅮටࠌཞ๑ᆩĐთ࣍ბသđლቴ ਦݛӄă॔੦ᇑೠࠚጆᇵᇑޜခටᇵ ํִںକᅃ߲ۅLjლቴ߸Ԓߢజᆊ ຶྨڦీർڢăए֫ᅅଐටᇵĂ٩पኾ ᇼኁࢅ٩पᆐᄢ߾ፕኁፕྺ૧ᅮට༪ஃॺ ૬ฉԒᅪ๎LjժቴڟփԒᇱᅺă
ኮࢫLj்๑ᆩକMCTSDŽజᆊጕጷဣཥDž ăኄᅃ߲ᆯᆇ܈አުਸ݀ڦሞ၍॔੦ ॲLjణڦऻٗሔ࡚ڟጱᅃ क़ሔޜڦڟခă்ᇑںړ࿐ิ ዷ࠶ևோ༪ஃକٗۅዐ݀၄ڦ࿚༶ࢅ ঢ়ᄓLjժጚႹႎဣཥăኄ߲ႎဣᅙ ༵ॆࡔڟଶڞևோLjժጚႹᆩᇀ֪॔ జᆊຶྨ൧ă
ኄᅃ߲ࡻ߾ڦਏLj ०ຎมࣷ၄ၡᇑਦݛ๕ ኮक़ڦဣă ᅜᆩᇀඪࢆႴᄲ ظႎਦݛӄڦมࣷኸՔă
ኄॽᆶዺᇀକ൶ᇘాࢅ൶ᇘक़ֶڦᅴᅜ तڞዂኄ߲၄ၡڦᇱᅺLj༵ႝ၎࠲ևோत ้֑ൽႜۯăኄᅃ߲ࡻ߾ڦਏLj०ຎ มࣷ၄ၡᇑਦݛ๕ኮक़ڦဣăᅜᆩ ᇀඪࢆႴᄲظႎਦݛӄڦมࣷኸՔă एᇀࡕׯۅLj்ॽླྀአުࠣ Ljժኟሞ߀ă
घ݀ࢅኧมࣷظႎํڦᆩ߾ਏ
݀ቛLjᆖၚᇑ
࠲ᇀ۫ళჱዐ٩ॆབྷᆩण࿚༶༹ڦᄓჺ৯
݀ቛLjᆖၚᇑ
घ݀ࢅኧมࣷظႎํڦᆩ߾ਏ
PRACTICAL TOOLS TO TRIGGER & SUPPORT SOCIAL INNOVATION
Development Impact & You
07
ၙᄲ ඓᆫံ๚ၜ ཚࡗ ٗൕวঢ়૦ ბသ } ༹ᄓኮ୫
֖ᇑೝ
ഔ݀ᇀ ยऺ๚ࣷ (2011)Ė࠻ยऺė;!ޜခლ ၙཉॲူLj߸ްሗ߾ڦਏᆌࢾݯ ຕනྜׯăߵ0ڦႠዊLj ฉ֫Ăཞपኮक़ႴᄲၹฆLjᅃอࡗࢫLj ీेᅜႪ߀ၳࡕ߸ॅă
घ݀ࢅኧมࣷظႎํڦᆩ߾ਏ
݀ቛLjᆖၚᇑ
घ݀ࢅኧมࣷظႎํڦᆩ߾ਏ
݀ቛLjᆖၚᇑ
07 ༹ᄓኮ୫
ኄ๊ ᅜतྺ๊ ႴᄲǛ
? සࢆ๑ᆩ ༹ᄓኮ୫ీघ݀ظᅪLjཚࡗൕวঢ়૦କසࢆٶሰፌॅ༹ᄓĊĊई සࢆՆ௨ሧߞ༹ᄓLjኄփ฿ྺᅃዖࡻ݆ݛăႜ༹ᄓኮ୫ᅪ࿆ ጣዃวഄྔᆼྷජഄक़LjཚవᅜሞฉፔဣཥԴऻăሞํแ മጮဦາዐ࿚༶LjᅜՍइڥᅃၵᆶၳ༵ڦ๖ă
ยऺາୟኈኟࢅݒາঢ়૦Ljศْ֫କঢ়૦ĊĊາే ߌڦतൎํ݀ิࡗڦ๚൧ăᅜྺᅃ༹߲ᄓኮ୫གᅃቧ ߭LjኮࢫܔԲժ݀၄൶՚ࢅဣă ዐ࿚༶ৈࠃ֖Ljᄺᅜߵే߾ڦፕፔႪ߀ă
ేᅜӀቷ༹ᄓኮ୫གႀ߭LjᄺᅜፕྺԢྮLjኮࢫምག ဦবă
ႜ༹ᄓኮ୫ᅪ࿆ጣॽጲमྜඇᅃ߲༬ۨৣ࣍ڦLjኄᄣేీൕว༹ ᄓ࣍ৣईᇕৣă༹ᄓኮ୫ӻేકቛາୟǗൣညਸ݀ظᅪLjᇑޜခටඖ ဣă ኄ߲߾ਏ༵ࠃॐLjኧݒາժକేڦൕว༹ᄓăኄၵኸڞᇱሶӻే ࠲ጀేڦටඖ༹ᄓLjཞ้णేৃࢫႴڦଙLj݀ቛظᅪă
༹ᄓኮ୫ ణՔ๊Ǜ
࠵ִକ నၵႜۯǛ
ภत నၵටǛ
݀ቛLjᆖၚᇑ
घ݀ࢅኧมࣷظႎํڦᆩ߾ਏ
๑ᆩକనၵ႑တǛ ᆶࢆᅍǛ
๑ᆩକ నၵׂǛ
࣍ৣසࢆǛ
నၵ߾ፕ ቛଆࡻǛ
నၵ߾ፕ ቛփටᅪǛ සࢆ߀Ǜ
ཁጀ ࢅ ೠஃ
07 ၙᄲඓᆫံ๚ၜ ཚࡗٗൕวঢ়૦ბသ
༹ᄓኮ୫ణՔ๊Ǜ
༹ᄓኮ୫ ๑ᆩକనၵ႑တǛ ᆶࢆᅍǛ
నၵ߾ፕቛଆࡻǛ
ཁጀࢅೠஃ
࠵ִକనၵႜۯǛ ๑ᆩକనၵׂǛ
నၵ߾ፕቛփටᅪǛ සࢆ߀Ǜ
ภतనၵටǛ ࣍ৣසࢆǛ
घ݀ࢅኧมࣷظႎํڦᆩ߾ਏ
݀ቛLjᆖၚᇑ
݀ቛၜణ֖ᇑኁኟሞ௬ܔዘࠓ߾ፕୁڦײ
݀ቛLjᆖၚᇑ
घ݀ࢅኧมࣷظႎํڦᆩ߾ਏ
PRACTICAL TOOLS TO TRIGGER & SUPPORT SOCIAL INNOVATION
Development Impact & You
08
ၙᄲ ඓᆫံ๚ၜ ཚࡗ࠲ጀ ࠲॰࿚༶ } ࿚༶হۨ
֖ᇑೝ
ഔ݀ᇀ Julier J., Kimbell L. (2012)Ėมࣷยऺ݆ݛଚėڼ30ᄻǖ࿚༶হۨ Բড०ڇLjጲ࠶߾ਏ ၎ܔᆩ้ডณ
घ݀ࢅኧมࣷظႎํڦᆩ߾ਏ
݀ቛLjᆖၚᇑ
घ݀ࢅኧมࣷظႎํڦᆩ߾ਏ
݀ቛLjᆖၚᇑ
08 ࿚༶হۨ
ኄ๊ ᅜतྺ๊ ႴᄲǛ
? සࢆ๑ᆩ ܀ጲईၭፇ៓બ࿚༶হۨLjݒາేණۨڦ࿚༶LjፔԴऻժ ࣑ᅪ९ăዷᄲణՔጃዿĂܔԲࢅୁփཞੂ݆ăࢫLj࣮ࠥ ԴऻLjᇑేڦፇᇵ༪ஃLjే்ڦยၙޏ၎ཞLjే்ޏᅙཞ ᄣݛڦ๕ࠓॺ࿚༶ă
ኄၜଁသ๑ేĐዘࠓđ࿚༶ĊĊ૩සLjేණྺටᆶీ૰ܸݥᆶႴ ൱Ljࣷ݀ิ๊Ǜኄᄣዘࠓ࿚༶ྺසࢆۨਦݛӄ༵ࠃ၍ă փৈᄲࢅేڦፇᇵᅃഐ๑ᆩ࿚༶হۨLj࣏ᄲᇑഄ૧ᅮටLj ኄׂࣷิႎཉॲă૩සLjᇑޜခᆩࢽĂᇵ߾ईኾᇼኁᅃഐ๑ᆩ ߾ਏᆶ՚ᇀᇑঢ়ईظᄽॆࠌཞ๑ᆩăڊٷᄓĂዘࠓ࿚༶Lj ԍ࿚༶࠲܈ă
হۨ࿚༶ੂ०ڇĊĊഐ݀؛၄ڦ࿚༶ྫྫৈศ֫࿚༶ڦኙăኄ ߲߾ਏ़ీඇ௬ቛ๖࿚༶ĊĊٗփཞঙ܈ቛ๖࿚༶..ᄺీӻዺহۨٷ ࣍ৣࢅ၎࠲࿚༶ă ཷ࠲ܓጀ၄ᆶ࠲॰࿚༶้Lj๑ᆩُ߾ਏၳࡕ߸ॅăኄ߲߾ਏྺݴဆ༬ۨ ࿚༶ยऺLjీࠕࢇ૧ᆩ้क़ăถᅃ༫࠲॰ՔጚLj׃Ăೠॏ࿚༶Lj ๑ऄߛۯၳႜăཞ้LjࡀܔݔԲ௬পփཞڦ࿚༶ă
݀ቛLjᆖၚᇑ
घ݀ࢅኧมࣷظႎํڦᆩ߾ਏ
ేਦ ࠲ڦ॰࿚༶ ๊Ǜ ྺࢆዘᄲǛ
ኄ߲࿚༶ ຣڦ࿚༶Ǜ
నၵมࣷ0 ࿔ࣅᅺ໎ ᆖၚ ኄ߲࿚༶Ǜ
ేසࢆኤ ኵڥཨǛ
ేీᅜഄ ݛ๕າኄ ߲࿚༶Ǜ ేీዘࠓኄ ᅃ࿚༶Ǜ
08 ၙᄲඓᆫံ๚ၜ ཚࡗ࠲ጀ࠲॰࿚༶
ేਦ࠲ڦ॰࿚༶๊Ǜ ྺࢆዘᄲǛ
࿚༶হۨ ኄ߲࿚༶ຣڦ࿚༶Ǜ
నၵมࣷ0࿔ࣅᅺ໎ ᆖၚኄ߲࿚༶Ǜ
ేසࢆኤኵڥཨǛ
ేీᅜഄݛ๕ າኄ߲࿚༶Ǜ ేీዘࠓኄᅃ࿚༶Ǜ
घ݀ࢅኧมࣷظႎํڦᆩ߾ਏ
݀ቛLjᆖၚᇑ
କ࠲ᇀ฿ბ൞৽ᄽಢჟဣཥڦᆩࢽ༹ᄓ
݀ቛLjᆖၚᇑ
घ݀ࢅኧมࣷظႎํڦᆩ߾ਏ
09
ၙᄲ ඓᆫံ๚ၜ ཚࡗࣅ ްሗ࿚༶ } ׯᅺ
֖ᇑೝ
ഔ݀ᇀ Namahn and Yellow Window Service Design, Design Flanders (2012)Ėޜခยऺ߾ਏԈėǖׯᅺ Բড०ڇLjጲ࠶߾ਏ ၎ܔᆩ้ডณ
घ݀ࢅኧมࣷظႎํڦᆩ߾ਏ
݀ቛLjᆖၚᇑ
घ݀ࢅኧมࣷظႎํڦᆩ߾ਏ
݀ቛLjᆖၚᇑ
09 ׯᅺ
ኄ๊ ᅜतྺ๊ ႴᄲǛ
? සࢆ๑ᆩ ံLjණ๎ժႀူేਦࢃڦ႐࿚༶ă
၄ሞགႀ߲߳၄ၡܔᆌׯڦᅺă߭ྜࢫׯLjᇑፇᇵ៓બᅃ၄ ၡतׯᅺLj୯்ޏኟඓಇݣLj༪ஃ࠲ᇀ׃ణՔڦഔ๖ă
ٗഐ݀ۅLjႀူ֫Ăศ֫၄ၡLjतేණྺኄၵ၄ၡڦٝׯ ᅺ໎ăԈઔ࿚༶ĂဣཥĂยԢĂଙĂྔ૰ڪᅺ໎ᅜतටă ጣႀܠዖٝׯᅺ໎ă
ጀᅪփᄲंၫׯᅺࢅ၄ၡĊĊׯᅺ๚݀ิڦᇱᅺLj၄ၡ ཚ࿚༶ࡕă
࿚༶ߵڦԨᇱᅺ๊Ǜཚ݆ᅃჾԸኮă࿚༶ሁٷLjߵᇸሁศLjლ ቴߵᇸტ฿੦Ljኝ߲ඪခవᅜ੦ă ׯᅺӻేඇ௬୯࿚༶Ljᆶཉփ࿙ݴဆ࿚༶ăٝ๑ేࠓᆶీ ׯᅺܸݥ၂ዸׯᅺăᆩᇀݴဆႎ࿚༶Ljᄺᆩᇀ၄ᆶඍ။ă
!!௬၄ၡ
൶ׯݴᅺĂၳࡕईኙLj๑ేइڹןڥਦ࿚༶ݛڦӄLjӻేࠓॺࠌ ๎Ljኟሞٗ๚߾ڦፕă
ࢃ႐࿚༶
घ݀ࢅኧมࣷظႎํڦᆩ߾ਏ
!!ٝׯᅺ໎
!!ศ֫ᇱᅺ
!!ٝׯᅺ໎
ᆯُ ਸ๔
!!থᇱᅺ
݀ቛLjᆖၚᇑ
!!ศ֫၄ၡ
09 ၙᄲඓᆫံ๚ၜ ཚࡗࣅްሗ࿚༶
ׯᅺ
௬၄ၡ
ศ֫၄ၡ
ٝׯᅺ໎
௬ᇱᅺ
ศ֫ᇱᅺ
ٝׯᅺ໎
ࢃ႐࿚༶
घ݀ࢅኧมࣷظႎํڦᆩ߾ਏ
݀ቛLjᆖၚᇑ
ཚࡗሏᆩĐՎࣅஃđޤዺมࣷഓᄽॆॺ૬்߾ڦፕࢅࡕׯഄ߸࠽ڦݘᆖၚኮक़ڦဣ
HUB Launchpad ᇑ Futuregov, ሞ2014 "Outcome Fest" ࡕׯܘቛ๖ব ݀ቛLjᆖၚᇑ
घ݀ࢅኧมࣷظႎํڦᆩ߾ਏ
10
ၙᄲ ඓᆫံ๚ၜ ཚࡗহۨ ణՔࢅႜۯ } Վࣅஃ
֖ᇑೝ
ഔ݀ᇀ Nesta (2011) Վࣅஃ Ⴔᄲཞ๚0ཞपࣆܔLjҾಇୁ้क़Lj ీႴᄲᅃཀᅜฉ้क़ཚ૰ྜׯă
घ݀ࢅኧมࣷظႎํڦᆩ߾ਏ
݀ቛLjᆖၚᇑ
घ݀ࢅኧมࣷظႎํڦᆩ߾ਏ
݀ቛLjᆖၚᇑ
10 Վࣅஃ
ኄ๊ ᅜतྺ๊ ႴᄲǛ ॺ૬ՎࣅஃࡻԲۨୟ၍Ljࡀࣄేํ၄ణՔ߲߳ڦօየăӻేۨ ᅭ߾ፕޏᆶዺᇀํ၄ేڦᇨऺᆖၚăᅜतޏႴᄲ୯ഄݛ๕ă Վࣅஃ߾ਏփৈᆶዺᇀ׃ణՔLjথ߸ٷణՔLj࣏ᆶዺᇀ݀၄യሞ ޅ၃Ljݴၛᅃօศ्֫ยăሞٷ႙ፇኯዐLjཞ้ႜ߲ܠၜణ้LjՎ ࣅஃీࠕӻዺࠓॺփཞၜణLjܸඓۨ၎ࢻ࠲ဣă ኄᅃ߾ਏӻዺፇᇵํ၄߸ٷణՔLjժӻዺ்କጲวፕᆩă
? සࢆ๑ᆩ ံႀేਦڦዷᄲ࿚༶Ljేၙᄲڦ߀Վăࢫྜ ׯഄၜణLj૩සዷᄲඖ༹ࢅথۅةăీਏ༹Ljኄࣷӻే ၙ߸ᆶၳڦႜۯă ٗేহۨڦ࿚༶݀Ljၠేڦᆖၚമăႀူፌᆖၚڦ ටඖࢅేᇨၙڦ൱ዺܔၡĊĊీၭ႙มࣷईٷ႙ཷ༹ă ࢫາేሞనਸ๔߾ፕLjేႴᄲቴڟᅃ߲ۅںĂටई้क़Lj ኄॽేڼڦᅃበăጣၙႜօየLjፔ߀ՎĊĊ૩සࠓॺ अӵ࠲ဣईೠॏ၄ᆶײႾăీဣํाLjᅜႜڞྺۯၠă
ేᄲਦ ๊࿚༶Ǜ
ຣేڦ ࠲॰ ణՔඖ༹Ǜ
࠲॰ణՔ ඖ༹ڦথة ۅሞనǛ
݀ቛLjᆖၚᇑ
घ݀ࢅኧมࣷظႎํڦᆩ߾ਏ
!!࠲॰ླྀ֪
!!࠲॰ླྀ֪
ڦമ༵ă ׯྜేړᅃ้߲ݛLj࣏ᄲݒາᆖၚే߾ፕօየ࠲ڦ॰ླྀ֪Lj ኄๆݴዘᄲăኄీӻే݀၄യሞޅ၃ईփཞၜణक़࠲ڦဣă
Վ߫Ⴔᄲ నၵօየǛ
ᆯُ ਸ๔
!!࠲॰ླྀ֪
ፌዕLjথࡕ๊Ǜ்ᅜీၠටቛ၄ժ׃ేڦ ߾ፕྺࢆዚڦᆶႚࡕׯăࢫଚ࠲॰ࡕׯǖኄํ၄ణՔ
!!࠲॰ླྀ֪
๊ేڦ ߾ፕڦ֪ ᆖၚǛ
ే߾ڦፕ ࣏ᆶనၵ ޟ૧Ǜ
֪ᆖၚǛ
నၵޟ૧Ǜ
֪ᆖၚǛ
నၵޟ૧Ǜ
!!࠲॰ླྀ֪
!!࠲॰ླྀ֪
ేڦణՔ ࣷټઠనၵ ՎࣅǛ
!!!૧ᅮට
10 ၙᄲඓᆫံ๚ၜ ཚࡗহۨణՔࢅႜۯ
ేᄲਦ๊࿚༶Ǜ
!!!!!!࠲॰ླྀ֪
Վࣅஃ ຣే࠲ڦ॰ ణՔඖ༹Ǜ
!!!!!!࠲॰ླྀ֪
࠲॰ణՔඖ༹ڦ থۅةሞనǛ
!!!!!!࠲॰ླྀ֪
Վ߫ႴᄲనၵօየǛ
!!!!!!࠲॰ླྀ֪
๊ే߾ڦፕ ڦ֪ᆖၚǛ
ే߾ڦፕ࣏ᆶ నၵޟ૧Ǜ
֪ᆖၚǛ
నၵޟ૧Ǜ
֪ᆖၚǛ
నၵޟ૧Ǜ
!!!!!!࠲॰ླྀ֪
!!!!!!࠲॰ླྀ֪
ేڦణՔࣷټઠ నၵՎࣅǛ
!!!!!!!!૧ᅮට
घ݀ࢅኧมࣷظႎํڦᆩ߾ਏ
݀ቛLjᆖၚᇑ
ӄ ૩ ჺ৯ ๑ᆩ߾ਏǖ࿚༶হۨLjׯᅺ ऐࠓǖࢇࡔਸ݀ऺࣄຈጂጦ՚ਖ਼ຯ།پت ࡔॆǖጦ՚ਖ਼ຯ། ևோǖม൶ჇدLjঞᇣ ঙǖม൶Ⴧدጆॆ ဣටǖANDREAS KARPAT ᆰॲںǖANDREAS.KARPATI@UNDP.ORG
ጦ՚ਖ਼ຯ།ࠅࠌঞᇣև ူຌܹཡ༹ᇣ݀ቛएূࣷڅ႐Lj ࠶಼ٷጨূཨ༹ᇣยแLj ڍ๑ᆩ୲ඐփටᅪLjᆮഄ ๊߅DŽጦ՚ਖ਼ຯ།ڦۼDž ᅜྔں൶ă
ბิሞ߾ፕ༹ںړֱۙݙᇣऺࣄბิ֖ᇑ୲گ࿚༶तׯᅺ
ܹཡ༹ᇣ݀ቛएূࣷ߸څ႐౫٩࡚֖ᇑሏڦۯ൧ Ljᆯᇀజڦණ๎փፁĂࠞփፁLjฯփᇎႹ Lj்ுీࠕᅮᇀ༹ᇣሏۯă
݀ቛLjᆖၚᇑ
घ݀ࢅኧมࣷظႎํڦᆩ߾ਏ
ᅺُLj࠶ٷଉཨጨएإยแࢅ௨༹ݯᇣยแLjස ࢆ༵ߛยแ๑ᆩ୲఼Ǜ
ӄ૩ჺ৯
்ྺࢆ๑ᆩ߾ਏǖ ்ᇑൟටDŽઠጲࢇںړፕٷბڦბิDž ፇኯକᅃ߲มࣷظႎ߾ፕݙLj࠲ጀĐ༹ᇣ ٝมࣷබࢇđăᆯׂُิକമৠ࠽ગڦ ၜణऺࣄLjᆶྭइٳߛڥᅃഥӥெᇮڦ ၭܮঃăሞُक़Lj்๑ᆩĐణՔඖ ༹đĂĐටႚၡđ߾ڪਏLjକᆩࢽLj ࣏ᆩĐ࿚༶হۨđĂĐׯᅺđາీ ࿚༶ࢅਦݛӄă
்සࢆ๑ᆩ߾ਏǖ
๑ᆩ߾ਏڦࡕǖ
்๑ᆩĐ࿚༶হۨđࢅĐׯᅺđLjᅜ ߾ፕڦݙႚ๕ࠞბิકቛາୟLjາ࿚ ༶तీਦݛӄăܸLjኻᆶघბิ փ༵࿚Ljኄᅃဣ֍ᆶၳࡕă்ཚ ுᆶၙࡻဦব৽າഄ࿚༶LjईॽĐঢ় षઓవđईĐدཥđྺْᅺăܸړ ்ԥࠞඁ߸ਏ༹ںາ࿚༶ࢫLj் ݀၄କᅃၵᆶฯᅪଙኮྔڞڦዂ༹ ᇣ֖ᇑ୲ڦگᇱᅺLj૩ස࡞಄ฅDŽᇑᅅ ଐޜခೝگᆶ࠲DžईڢୟቷփፁDŽᇑ Ҿඇ၎࠲Džă
Đ࿚༶হۨđ߾ਏኼሞۨᅭࢅศ֫࿚ ༶Ljཞ้Đׯᅺđᆶዺᇀࡃభ߲߳ᅺ໎ ࢅ࿚༶ׯᅺLjࢫഄዐኮᅃڦᅺ໎ईׯᅺ ৽ీࠕਦ࿚༶ă๑ᆩኄၵ߾ਏӻዺ் ຄဒ࿚༶Ljಇֱీዮํแׯڦᅺतഄዐ גᇨऺڦႎׯᅺă
߾ਏڦስᅈቷෙ߲ዷᄲՔጚǖ 2/ᇀփࡤฆᄽᅺ໎ڦၭ႙ኾᇼऺࣄă 3/ࢇራĂׯ႙മมࣷظႎ !DŽጀዘظᅪႚׯĂ࿚༶হۨࢅ݀၄!!! !!ᆩࢽDžă 4/ࢇঞ0߾ݙᅃၭ้ాኴႜă
๑ᆩኄၵ߾ਏ ӻዺ்ຄဒ࿚༶Lj ಇֱీዮํแׯڦᅺ तഄዐגᇨऺڦႎׯᅺă
घ݀ࢅኧมࣷظႎํڦᆩ߾ਏ
݀ቛLjᆖၚᇑ
ӄ ૩ ჺ৯ ๑ᆩ߾ਏǖՎࣅஃLjׯᅺ ऐࠓǖዐᄕӺरຍӻዺᇑኧܓཷ ࡔॆǖᆇ܈ ևோǖࠅࠌ࿐ิLjᆐᄢࢅĂ࣍ৣत߲ට࿐ิ(WASH) ঙǖ൶ᇘၜణၹۙᇵ ဣටǖRAVI KOMMURI ᆰॲںǖRKOMMURI@MPTAST.ORG
ၭፇଁသፌዕणڦׯՎࣅஃ
ᇑfhi360ࠌཞၹዺᆇ܈ዐᄕӺአުํแዐᄕӺ࿐ิևோ߀߫ऺࣄ DŽMPHSRPDžᅙᆶᅃă MCTSDŽజᆊጕጷဣཥDžᅃ߲ሞ၍ॠ֪ॲLjᆯᆇ܈አުਸ݀Ljኼ ሞጕጷྺׂ༵ࠃڦईኁनॽྺׂ༵ࠃڦփཞޜခLjኄၵޜခٗ ሔഐڟᆊܹᅃዜă ᆇ܈ዐᄕӺజᆊຶྨ୲ߛᇀඇࡔೝኵă்ࣄऺڦᆶዺᇀेഽဣ ཥLjᇑ࿐ิևĂWCDDŽܹ݀ቛDžĂPHEDDŽࠅࠌॳ߾ײևDž ࢇፕLjইگᆇ܈ዐᄕӺMMRDŽజ༹ຶྨ୲DžĂIMRDŽᆊܹຶྨ୲Dž ĂᆐᄢփଆࢅTFRDŽጺ༹ิᇣ୲Džă ሞཨ๑ᆩമLjጕጷဣཥධႴ߀ă
ᇑ٩ዺׂ๗Ăݴၜణঢ়ࢅ߾ీࠀܠፕኁࠌཞ๑ᆩՎࣅஃࢅׯᅺ߾ਏ
݀ቛLjᆖၚᇑ
घ݀ࢅኧมࣷظႎํڦᆩ߾ਏ
ӄ૩ჺ৯
்ྺࢆ๑ᆩ߾ਏǖ
்සࢆ๑ᆩ߾ਏǖ
ࢅڦፇᇵጹࢇ૧ᆩĐՎࣅஃđࢅĐ ׯᅺđLjᅜतጹࢇ૧ᆩĐSWOTݴဆđ ࢅĐ࿚༶༱đࢅĐ࠲॰ඪခđă் ڦణՔेഽMCTSॲ๑ᆩ୲Ljዘႎۨ ᅭঙĂघٯแࢅᆌथ֧Ljኍܔඇ ༹ටᇵࢅ૧ᅮටă்ံ๑ᆩᅃဣଚ ߾ਏ࣮ࠥࢅਦཀྵ࿚༶Ljࢫ๑ᆩଷ ᅃ༫߾ਏ݀၄യሞၭፇׯᇵࢅኴႜݛӄ ࠲ڦ॰ୟ၍ă
்ሞᆇ܈ዐᄕӺڦॊәܻܻ൶ۅ ٩ႜॠᄓăံLjၠڦፇᇵ କဣଚᄓᅪᅭLjժሞ்ڦӻዺူ ቨᅜူब߲ݛ௬ǖ • ኄ৯৩๊Ǜ • నၵට֖ᇑǛ்؊๊ړঙǛ • ਦ࿚༶ڦৡ๊Ǜ!
๑ᆩ߾ਏڦࡕǖ ໜࢫLj்ࢇĐՎࣅஃđࢅĐׯᅺ đ!ႜݴဆă Վࣅஃǖ ྺକൣؤቛ๖ᇨऺ߀ՎĊĊन߸ႎMCTS ဣཥޜခतഄනᆖၚLjԈઔഄܔၜణ ঢ়ਦ֧ڦӻዺࢅܔᅃ้ܔኝ༹ᆊ ܹຶྨ୲ᆖၚă ׯᅺǖ ݀၄ፆҹMCTSޜခืपڦৡLjჺ৯ ഄߵԨᇱᅺժۨ၎ᆌݛӄLjܸٗ߸ࡻ ںਦ࿚༶ă
ĐՎࣅஃđ߾ਏӻዺၭፇණ๎்ፕྺ ए֫߾ፕኁڦኰሴLjᆶዺᇀ߀Վă ኄၜణ࠲ࠀׯ॰Ljᆶዺᇀ߀Վ߾ፕༀ ܈ăཞ้ᆶዺᇀඇ௬ಇأ၄ႜ༹ဣڸڦ ၩևݴă Đׯᅺđӻዺၭፇକ၄٪వ༶Ljݴ ྺᅃଇዖዘᄲĂႜ࿚༶Ljኄዖ֧ ၳࡕ߸ॅăኄᅃ߾ਏӻዺၭፇဣཥ ࢅ๎՚၄ႜگၳׯᅺLjӻዺ்ቨ ਦࢃ႐࿚༶݆ݛڦă
घ݀ࢅኧมࣷظႎํڦᆩ߾ਏ
݀ቛLjᆖၚᇑ
ӄ ૩ ჺ৯ ๑ᆩ߾ਏǖׯᅺ ፇኯǖ႓ۜᆶ၌ࠅິ ࡔॆǖჱ ևோǖLj࣍ৣࢅ߲ට࿐ิDŽWASHDž ဣටǖSIMON DIXON ᆰၒǖSIMON@SANER.GY
்ړമ௬ଣڦ࿚༶ླྀۯፇኯాၨࢅሏᆐཷ߲ڦܓ ට၄ă ړᅪ๎ڟኄၵ࿚༶ྫྫᇑ߸ಕڦٷဣཥփݴLj் ਦۨॽኝ߲ၨࢅሏᆐཷׯੂܓᄽခዐڦᅃ߲ᅺ໎Lj ࢫႚׯၹۙ߀Վऺࣄă ்ਉႜକဣଚ߾ፕݙLjණྺĐׯᅺđӻዺ்ණ๎ ࿚༶Lj࿚༶तഄᇱᅺLjܸლቴਦٯแă
݀ቛLjᆖၚᇑ
घ݀ࢅኧมࣷظႎํڦᆩ߾ਏ
்߀߾ਏLj ᆌ்ڦ၄ႚ๕Lj ࢇࡕׯLj்ࡀࣄLj ၄ሞ்ਸ๔ਦ Đׯᅺđዐࢃڦ႐࿚༶ă
11
ၙᄲ धൽටࣱ ཚࡗන ࠵ִࢅბသ } ට࠵ִ
֖ᇑೝ
ഔ݀ᇀ Lovlie L.,Reason B.,Polaine A. (2013)Ėޜခยऺǖٗ۴ִํڟแėڼ54ᄻڟ57ᄻăRosenfeld Media Ⴔᄲཞ๚0ཞपࣆܔLjҾಇୁ้क़Lj ీႴᄲᅃཀᅜฉ้क़ཚ૰ྜׯă
घ݀ࢅኧมࣷظႎํڦᆩ߾ਏ
݀ቛLjᆖၚᇑ
घ݀ࢅኧมࣷظႎํڦᆩ߾ਏ
݀ቛLjᆖၚᇑ
11 ට࠵ִ
ኄ๊ ᅜतྺ๊ ႴᄲǛ ࠵ִኸĊĊՎׯ՚ටڦᆖጱă࠵ִగᅃටĂईፇኯLj࠵்ִڦ නิऄLjईྷජ்ڦන߾ፕLjᆶዺᇀକ்ৣ࣍ڦتăཞ ้LjӻేอጲวLjକ࣍ৣဦবLjኄీᆖၚే߲ටڦႜྺࢅۯऐă
? සࢆ๑ᆩ ࠵ִႴᄲፔႹܠስĊĊփৈ࠵ִܔၡLj࣏ᆶࢆ้࠵ִ ᅜतසࢆओटබăཞ้LjႴᄲາేლቴڦ๚ᅜतేڦ ऻݛ๕ă࠲॰ጚԢĊĊೝ࢚Ⴔᄲኝڦ๚Ljཞ้থ גᇨऺևݴăኄ߲߾ਏԈઔֱൣऻࢅڇ߭ă ! ኄ߲߭ऻᅃၵేሞ࠵ִ้Ⴔᄲऻڦ๚൧ăփᄲ࡞಄ ĊĊஃൂൂ࠵ִ࣏ओटබLjۼᄲߵేৣتڦಒ ăྺᅃ࿋࠵ִኁགႀ߭ăཞᄣLjඟేܓཷڦᄺኄᄣፔă
ే݀ڦ၄ൽਦᇀేڦၜణঋۅăኄᅜටĂۅںईิऄ ݛ๕ă൩ໜᅪߵႴ൱߸߀߭ాඹĊĊኄ༵ࠃڦᄣԨ ৈघ݀ظᅪڦӄ૩ă සࡕၙᄲൎ࠵ִLjኙ൱ཞᅪၙՂ߸ࡻăړLjᇺࢆִ࠵ت փăኄᄲੂ༬ۨ࣍ৣई࿔ࣅมࣷࡀݔă൩ፎዘට߲ڦ ටक़LjඓԍටݛՍăփీٶඡටනิऄă
ኄీဣཥܔںԲేࢅేܔܓཷڦփཞ֖ᇑኁִ࠵ڦă !
ሞၜణ؛Ljঢ়ፔ࠵ִଁသLjᆶዺᇀຄဒਏ༹ႜࢅۯටඖăට்න ิऄသ࠹ႠڦLjܠ࿚༶ժփ၂ĊĊᆶ้࠵ִනࠕీত๖ᆆ֠ా ඹLjᅜ݀၄ࢃ႐࿚༶ฯഄਦݛӄăኄփৈߴටഔ݀Lj࣏ీକే ߾ڦፕᆖၚࢃ႐ሞă
ࢆ้ࢆں
ဠࡻ
ᄋܱ
သ࠹
ऄۯ
༹
क़
ࢆට !࠲॰݀၄
݀ቛLjᆖၚᇑ
घ݀ࢅኧมࣷظႎํڦᆩ߾ਏ
11 ၙᄲधൽටࣱ ཚࡗනࢅִ࠵ბသ
ࢆ้ࢆں
ට࠵ִ
ۅںǖ
ဠࡻ
ᄋܱ
သ࠹
නǖ
૩සǖ࠵ִ߲ටೋࡻ
૩සǖ࠵ִ༬՚࠲ጀ
૩සǖ࠵ִ၄ᆶනႜྺ
ऄۯ
༹
क़
૩සǖ࠵ִ൧ৣႜۯ
૩සǖ࠵ִ๑ᆩ༬ۨ
૩සǖ࠵ִ࣍ৣᆖၚ
้क़ǖ
ࢆට ࠵ִኁǖ ମǖ Ⴀ՚ǖ ࠵ִᇱᅺǖ
࠲॰݀၄
घ݀ࢅኧมࣷظႎํڦᆩ߾ਏ
݀ቛLjᆖၚᇑ
ሞᆇ܈ೖ௷੭ዐକ࿐ิႜྺᇑഄ၎࠲ණኪ
݀ቛLjᆖၚᇑ
घ݀ࢅኧมࣷظႎํڦᆩ߾ਏ
12
ၙᄲ धൽටࣱ ሞ༌ዐ ݀ਢටۅ࠵ڦ } ௬༌ኸళ
֖ᇑೝ
ഔ݀ᇀ IDEO (2012) ᅜටྺԨยऺ߾ਏԈ-Ėਸቛࣷ༌݆ݛėڼ58ᄻ Ⴔᄲཞ๚0ཞपࣆܔLjҾಇୁ้क़Lj ీႴᄲᅃཀᅜฉ้क़ཚ૰ྜׯă
घ݀ࢅኧมࣷظႎํڦᆩ߾ਏ
݀ቛLjᆖၚᇑ
घ݀ࢅኧมࣷظႎํڦᆩ߾ਏ
݀ቛLjᆖၚᇑ
12 ௬༌ኸళ
ኄ๊ ᅜतྺ๊ ႴᄲǛ
? සࢆ๑ᆩ ُ߾ਏྺే༵ࠃକᅃ߲ጚԢ௬༌ڦఇӱăᅈዷ༶֨ዘփཞLj ߭ᄺᅜԈࡤഄాඹăཚLjేထྭକڦփৈፔ݆Lj ࣏ᆶኄፔాڦሞۯऐăยऺ࿚༶้ᆌܠ࿚Đ๊đᅜतĐ ሹᄣđLjࢫᅃօศۯڦݛܔڟऐևݴLj࿚Đྺ๊đă ేᅜӀቷူ௬ڦෙօॐઠยऺేڦ௬༌ă ేᅜӀቷူ௬ڦෙօॐઠยऺేڦ௬༌ă
କᅃ߲ටፌࡻڦӸ݆৽ඁᇑഄ༌ă௬༌Սᅃ߲ᇑටॺ૬ဣڦ ݛ๕Ljኄᅃ߲ൡདටᆩጲमڦᇕჾ௮ຎጲमڦঢ়૦ڦऐࣷăକ ටڦනิऄీࠕӻዺేઠඓࢅ௮ຎ்௬ଣڦ࿚༶Ljକ் ৣ࣍ڦتLjฯӻే௮ࣼথة்ݛڦ๕ăཞ้Lj௬༌ࡕᄺీፕྺ ኤే߾ڦፕՂᄲႠᅜतഄᄆิڦᆖၚڦኤă ܸLj֑ٗݡዐइేڥႴᄲ۫ڦဇඐԲేၙၡڦᄲవLjᅺྺට்ڦ ၙཞྺཚժփᅃዂăศକగ༬՚ڦঢ়૦ཚԲডࡼ้Ljࣆܔ ዐႴᄲԈࡤᅃဣଚᆶၳڦ࿚༶ࢅऄۯăनՍᅃ߲܌ሡڦ௬༌ᄺׂࣷิ ٷଉڦ႑တLjేړᇑब߲ටཞ้༌้Ljٷଉڦ႑တࢅଙՍࣷტܑ ओഐઠăኄ้Lj௬༌ኸళᅜፕྺᅃ߲ൣڇLjӻేጚԢࡻ௬༌ݛڦӄă
ٶਸ႐ǖᆩᅃဣଚݡኁණྺڦޜđඤวĐ࿚༶ඟ்ݣ ူઠDŽԲසၙፔॆབྷට੨ཥऺLjᅜံ࿚ॆຣፔॆခǛई
ደॷકቛǖደॷሺेᅃၵݡኁೝ้ీփࣷ୯े߸ڦศ ڦĂڦ࠽߸ྷݔ࿚༶)Բස࿄ઠڦၙ๊Ǜ๚൧ኮक़සࢆԵ ُဣǛ*ă ߸ศ༑ǖܔ၄ሞڦႜ߸ศྌڦਢLj༵߸ਏ ႠڦĐසࡕččࣷሹᄣǛđኮૌڦ࿚༶ă
ݣำາ
घ݀ࢅኧมࣷظႎํڦᆩ߾ਏ
ႜኈኟڦ௬༌ኮമLj߶ጲमଁܓཷڦသᅃူԲডࡻLjኄᄣీ ߸ࡻܔں࿚༶ႜًٯLjٴڦࡻ߸ڟڥӄăᄺᄲၙၙኄْ௬༌ ৃࢫేܔᆶ๊ፕᆩăසࡕब߲ටᅃഐ֖े௬༌Ljኄᄣڦ๚മ ጚԢᆮഄዘᄲă
ኁ༌༌ፌৎ݀ิڦᇑዷ༶ᆶ࠲ڦၭࠤ๚Džă
ߢ໕!
݀ቛLjᆖၚᇑ
௬༌ࡗײዐLjᆶबዖݛ๕ᅜጺժऻ႑တăඓԍݡኁܔᇀ ጲमڦೋࡻࢅۯऐڦ௮ຎీၘဦăేᅜ०ںڇඟݡኁ ຫຫLjᄺᅜᄥ൩்ྺేᄇ๖ၵ۫ဇLjईኁӝጲमڦፔ݆ࣃ ူઠDŽԲසేፌဠ࣌ݝक़ڦన߲ঙǛፌဠ࣌నॲǛDžă
ࣃઠ
ਏ༹ࣅ
12 ၙᄲधൽටࣱ ሞ༌ዐ݀ਢටۅ࠵ڦ
௬༌ኸళ
ߢ໕
ࣃူઠ
සࡕేวت௬༌ړዐLjକDŽDžথڦة๚൧DŽ๚ĂۅںĂ߾ਏ ڪDžăᆩࣃࢅԴऻॽഄՔLjᅜՍໜࢫӻዺేऻഐኄၵాඹăईኁLj ඟ்ӝࡗేߴॽײདă!!!
ඟ֖ᇑኁཚࡗࣃࢅ߭௮ࣼጲमڦঢ়૦ă ኄٶ೦्ยࢅতਸට்සࢆາतऄڦۯଆࡻݛ๕ă
ٷำາ ړ்ሞྜׯగ߲ࡗײईగ߲ඪခ้Ljඟ֖ᇑኁٷำ௮ຎ்݆ၙڦă ኄࣷ๑்ཪጲमۯڦऐĂڅᆭĂၙ݆ࢅஇडă
ਏ༹ࣅ
ට்ጺॽۆ႙۫ڦဇࣅݘLjܸॽݿĂዘᄲڦဦবᅍă ඟට்ඁ༌ஃᅃ߲ਏ༹ڦăփᄲკ࿚்ঢ়૦ۆڦ႙ڦᅃཀ๊ᄣڦLj࿚࿚்ፐཀิ݀ۼକ๊ă
घ݀ࢅኧมࣷظႎํڦᆩ߾ਏ
݀ቛLjᆖၚᇑ
ሞᆇ܈൶ᇑॆབྷዷᅃཞֱۙॆབྷᆩํڦाጒ
݀ቛLjᆖၚᇑ
घ݀ࢅኧมࣷظႎํڦᆩ߾ਏ
13
ၙᄲ धൽටࣱ ཚࡗቨ ࢃ႐ۯ૰ } ࿚༶༱
֖ᇑೝ
ഔ݀ᇀ Project Innovation (2012)Ėมࣷظႎ߾ਏԈėǖ࿚༶ Բড०ڇLjጲ࠶߾ਏ ၎ܔᆩ้ডณ
घ݀ࢅኧมࣷظႎํڦᆩ߾ਏ
݀ቛLjᆖၚᇑ
घ݀ࢅኧมࣷظႎํڦᆩ߾ਏ
݀ቛLjᆖၚᇑ
13 ࿚༶༱
ኄ๊ ᅜतྺ๊ ႴᄲǛ
? සࢆ๑ᆩ ړยऺ࿚ਝईኁጚԢ௬༌้Ljኄ߲߭ᅜፕྺᅃ߲࿚༶ੰLj ଚᆶీڦ࿚༶ăᆩኄ߲߭ઠဣසࢆٗփཞڦঙت܈ ई༑ᅃ߲࿚༶ă! ᅃܔڋ๑ᆩኄ߲रേᆶକঢ়ᄓLjే৽ࣷ݀၄ేሞᇑට༌ई֑ ࣷۼ้ݡጲਥ๑ᆩă
ేᄲሹᄣ࿚ኟඓڦ࿚༶Ǜᆶ้Ljइڥኟඓٴӄᅪ࿆ጣేᄲ࿚ཞᄣኟ ඓڦ࿚༶ăኄདഐઠຼࢭ०ڇLjڍᄲၙइे߸ڥศڦକLjే৽ ՂႷᄲጀᅪጲमၠ՚ට༵ڦ࿚༶ă࿚༶༱ᅃዖ௬༌रേLjӻዺ ే৽ཞᅃ߲ࣆ༶ٗփཞݛڦၠ࿚փཞڦ࿚༶ă
ްሗ࿚༶
ፔ
ᅜ
ॽᄲ
ٶ໙
ీ
ຣ
ຣፔڦ
ຣᅜ
ຣॽᄲ
ຣٶ໙
ຣీ
๊
๊ፔڦ
๊ᅜ
๊ॽᄲ
๊ٶ໙
๊ీ
ሞన
నፔڦ
నᅜ
నॽᄲ
నٶ໙
నీ
๊้ࢪ
๊้ࢪፔڦ
๊้ࢪᅜ
๊้ࢪॽᄲ
నٶ໙
నీ
๊ᇱᅺ
ྺ๊ፔ
ྺ๊ᅜ
ྺ๊ॽᄲ
ྺ๊ٶ໙
ྺ๊ీ
ሹᄣ
ሹᄣፔ
ሹᄣᅜ
ሹᄣॽᄲ
ሹᄣٶ໙
ሹᄣీ
న
๊
ຣ
ሹᄣ
ྺ๊
ࢆ้
ኄၜ߾ਏ༵ࠃକᅃዖᅜփཞݛ๕კ࿚փཞ࿚༶ڦ०Ս০Ljܸٗॽփཞ ڦ࿚༶၎ࢻࢇഐઠLjᅜՍइްྺ߸ڥሗٴڦӄăኄၜ߾ਏ༵ࠃକᅃዖ ᆶፇኯႠ߁ڦબLjഄዐԈઔକሞ༵࿚༶ዐᆌภतనၵᅺ໎Ǘ׃ କසࢆॽԈࡤຣĂ๊ĂۅںĂ้क़ĂᇱᅺĂݛ๕ڦ࿚༶ཞഄَᇕ ၎ࢻٲದLjԲසǖĂፔĂᅜĂॽᄲĂٶ໙Ăీăኄ๑ڥ்ܔ࿚ ༶ࢃ႐ڦӝՎڥๆݴඹᅟLjཞ้Ljኄᄺᅜॺ૬ഐ๕ڦ࿚༶Ljٗ ܸ๑ేደॷںቨ߸ेްሗڦ࿚༶ă
०ڇ࿚༶
݀ቛLjᆖၚᇑ
घ݀ࢅኧมࣷظႎํڦᆩ߾ਏ
13 ၙᄲधൽටࣱ ཚࡗቨࢃ႐ۯ૰
࿚༶༱
०ڇ࿚༶
ްሗ࿚༶
ፔ
ᅜ
ॽᄲ
ٶ໙
ీ!
ຣ
ຣፔڦ
ຣᅜ
ຣॽᄲ
ຣٶ໙
ຣీ
๊
๊ፔڦ
๊ᅜ
๊ॽᄲ
๊ٶ໙
๊ీ
ሞన
నፔڦ
నᅜ
నॽᄲ
నٶ໙
నీ
๊้ࢪ
๊้ࢪፔڦ
๊้ࢪᅜ
๊้ࢪॽᄲ
๊้ࢪٶ໙
๊้ࢪీ
๊ᇱᅺ
ྺ๊ፔ
ྺ๊ᅜ
ྺ๊ॽᄲ
ྺ๊ٶ໙
ྺ๊ీ
ሹᄣ
ሹᄣፔ
ሹᄣᅜ
ሹᄣॽᄲ
ሹᄣٶ໙
ሹᄣీ
ሹᄣ
ྺ๊
ࢆ้
న
๊
ຣ
घ݀ࢅኧมࣷظႎํڦᆩ߾ਏ
݀ቛLjᆖၚᇑ
ࢅၭბิᅃഐظፕ࠲ᇀҾඇᆩํ७ᇑသ࠹ࠤڦ๚
݀ቛLjᆖၚᇑ
घ݀ࢅኧมࣷظႎํڦᆩ߾ਏ
14
ၙᄲ धൽටࣱ ཚࡗඓԍ ߾ڦፕᇑ ణՔටඖ၎࠲ } ࠤ๚๘হ
֖ᇑೝ
ഔ݀ᇀ Julier J., Kimbell L. (2012)Ėมࣷยऺڇ݆֓ݛėڼ24ᄻǖࠤ๚๘হ ၙཉॲူLj߸ްሗ߾ڦਏᆌࢾݯ ຕනྜׯăߵ0ڦႠዊLj ฉ֫Ăཞपኮक़ႴᄲၹฆLjᅃอࡗࢫLj ీेᅜႪ߀ၳࡕ߸ॅă
घ݀ࢅኧมࣷظႎํڦᆩ߾ਏ
݀ቛLjᆖၚᇑ
घ݀ࢅኧมࣷظႎํڦᆩ߾ਏ
݀ቛLjᆖၚᇑ
14 ࠤ๚๘হ
ኄ๊ ᅜतྺ๊ ႴᄲǛ ཚࡗ௬༌ࢅ࠵ִLjేࣷڟڥవᅜၙၡڦĂڦݿߛዊଉڦ႑တăኄ ้Lj๑ᆩᅃዖࠓࣅݛڦ๕ܔኄၵຕႜݴဆࢅࠏཚๆݴዘᄲăස ࡕထྭ࡛ٗଉ႑တዐፌ၎࠲ڦঙLjࠤ๚๘হՍᅃዖᆶၳݛڦ ๕ăీࠕӻేٗࡗᇀරሗڦဦবዐݣઠLjߢ໕ేሹᄣኝేڦ ऻ࿔ॲLjᅜԍኤኮࢫڦ༪ஃᇑేፌڦ؛Ⴔ൱၎ದă
? සࢆ๑ᆩ ేᅜӝĐࠤ๚๘হđፕྺظᅪ߾ڦݙഐ๔ଙੰă༵മག ࡻ߭Ljፔᅃݻᇑዷ༶၎࠲ժፇኯᆶႾڗڦӄăኄॽྺ ༑༪ඇႎਦݛӄڦཀྵసޅԓ༵ࠃᅃ߲ᆶᅮਸ܋ă
గၵ൧ူLjేฯᅜӝĐࠤ๚๘হđፕྺᅃዖჺ৯߾ਏLj থټጣ߭ᇑగၵට௬༌ăే்ᅜᅃഐ௮ࣼݡኁิऄ ዐڦփཞ௬ஸLjፕྺే்༌ࣆڦᅃևݴăኄܔᇀओटظሰ૰ ഽڦݡኁઠຫᆮഄᆶၳă
ేᄺᅜӝĐࠤ๚๘হđፕྺظᅪ߾ڦݙᅃևݴLj߶ేཷڦ ܓᅃഐགฉ߭ڦగၵևݴLjཞ้ٗేणڦຕᅃ ևॆٷࠃݴ༑༪ăኄీ๑ኝ߲ཷܔܓగ߲ටᅜत0ڦ๘ হׂิࠌ๎ă
ڗӄ
ዜՉ࣍ৣ ࠲ᇑဣ
ܔၡࢅۅں
ేړਸ๔ྺగૌටඖยऺਦݛӄ้Ljኄ߲߾ਏీӻేॽణՔටඖڦᅃ ևิݴऄໜวၻټăኄᄣLjేظሰઠࠤڦ๚߸ඹᅟᆅഐࠌĊĊཚ ኸᇑగၵටනิऄዐڦ༬ࢅްሗे߸܈ײകࢇăኄၵࠤ๚ీྺׯ घ݀ظሰႠၙ݆࠲ڦ॰ă
࠲ᇀ ๚ॲڦԴऻ
ጲ ੂ݆
݀ቛLjᆖၚᇑ
घ݀ࢅኧมࣷظႎํڦᆩ߾ਏ
ऻᅬศਗ਼ڦ ᇱࣆ
ԑ
14 ၙᄲधൽටࣱ ཚࡗඓԍ߾ڦፕᇑణՔටඖ၎࠲
ڗӄ
ࠤ๚๘হ ዜՉ࣍ৣ
ᆇၡศਗ਼ڦᇱࣆ
ሺेᅃቧپُටڦቷೌईࣃ
࠲ᇑဣ
ܔၡࢅۅں
ຣᇑُටᆶ࠲Ǜ்ኮक़ሹᄣဣǛ DŽԈઔටࢅፇኯDž
ُටᇑనၵํाईຕጴڦਜ਼༹၎ဣǛ ்ኮक़ࢆ้ĂࢆںᆶሹᄣڦဣǛ
࠲ᇀ๚ॲڦԴऻ
ጲ ੂ݆
ԑ
ُටܔᇀጲวतዜྷڦ๘হᆶሹᄣ݆ၙڦई႑ᄠǛ
ُටණྺጲमሹᄣ֖ᇑՎ߫Ǜ ྺ๊ࣷኄᄣǛ!!!!!!
Ⴁఁ ମ Ⴀ՚ ॆབྷ ਃዿ࣍ৣ ߾ፕ ၄
घ݀ࢅኧมࣷظႎํڦᆩ߾ਏ
݀ቛLjᆖၚᇑ
ӄ ૩ ჺ৯ ๑ᆩ߾ڦਏǖ௬༌ኸళLj࿚༶༱! ๑ᆩڦፇኯఁǖIDE ࡔॆǖॡೲቑ ևோǖ౫ᄽޔೖ ঙǖظႎଶڞ ဣටǖYI WEI ᆰၒǖYWEI@IDE-CAMBODIA.ORG
ྺକٗ༬ۨڦአު࠳ᇵتण႑တLj ᅜतಒ்փࢇڦർڢ ඁํแมࣷᆐၨऄۯLj ்ยऺକᅃ߲௬༌ኸళă ܔᇀ்ޏࢇኄᅃঙLj ்Ⴔᄲڟڥ்ᅜतวՉටݒํڦઍă
݀ቛLjᆖၚᇑ
घ݀ࢅኧมࣷظႎํڦᆩ߾ਏ
்ྺࢆ๑ᆩ߾ਏǖ
்සࢆ๑ᆩ߾ਏǖ
๑ᆩ߾ਏڦࡕǖ
்ཞ้๑ᆩ௬༌ኸళࢅ࿚༶ ༱Ljံྺକൣ၄ጒĊĊඓ ԍ்ෲକᆶీڦ࿚ ༶Ljഄْߵ்ڦణՔઠፇ ኯኝ࿚༶Ljፌࢫߵవॽ܈ ࿚༶ݴपă
்ᅜ߾ਏྺኸళઠӻዺ் ኝᆶڦ࿚༶ăኄഄዐӻዺፌ ڦٷ߾ਏీࠕߵ࿚༶ڦవ ॽ܈࿚༶ݴૌăሞॡೲቑڦӄ૩ ዐLj༵࿚ྫྫփࣷகฉٴڟڥӄă ၎ݒLjేՂႷཚࡗփཞݛڦ๕ඁ ༵࿚ཞᅃ߲࿚༶Ljକనᅃዖ༵ ࿚ፌྺްሗLjժ༵ႝ்ଉᅜ ፌ०ݛڦڇ๕ඁ༵࿚ă
்ڥۮକසࢆᅜፌথݛڦ๕ ඁ༵࿚Ljܸփሞᅃਸ๔৽ᆩ؏ ၡ߁ڦӝ࿚༶ްሗࣅLjԲසຫ ཉॲਔኮૌڦă
ӄ૩ჺ৯ ߾ਏ๑ᆩǖ࿚༶༱! ፇኯఁǖ୴ຕ ࡔॆǖᆇ܈ ևோǖ౫ᄽዐڦ႑တࢅཚ႑रຍ ঙǖዺॲ߾ײ ဣටǖNIKITA DAGAR ᆰၒǖNIKITA@DIGITALGREEN.ORG
๑ᆩĐ࿚༶༱đ߾ਏሞ்ڦೕ࠶ࢅॲཷాܓևፔֱۙ
୴ຕ๑ᆩ႑တࢅཚ႑रຍ! )ཚࡗ౫ᄽጆॆ்ೕݛڦ๕* دխժݴၛᆇ܈౫௷ሞ౫ᄽዐڦፌॅํ७ă ኄၵ౫ᄽೕڦຕጨଙᆯ்ాևܓཷڦፕLj࠶ೕ்߾ ፕዐፌዘᄲڦᅃ߲࣍বăူړLj்๑ᆩాևჺ݀ڦरຍઠ࠶ೕ ੰLjڍኄዖरຍ้ٗၳࢅ߾ፕଉฉઠຫժփݥඹᅟ๑ᆩă்ኟ ሞยऺᅃ߲ాևֱۙઠӻዺቴ்ڦᇵ߾ሞ๑ᆩरຍ้ᇜ ڦڟ࿚༶ă
்ྺࢆ๑ᆩ߾ਏǖ
்සࢆ๑ᆩ߾ਏǖ
๑ᆩ߾ਏڦࡕǖ
்๑ᆩ࿚༶༱ᅺྺ்ၙ ᄲࠓॺᅃၵݥਏ༹ڦ࿚༶ፕྺ ᅃ߲؛օඤวLjࢫም݀ቛ߸ڟ ਸݣĂཞ้ᄺ߸ྺްሗࢅ୲ڦ ࿚༶ฉă࣮ٴኄၵ࿚༶ॽࣷӻዺ ॲཷܓӣ߸ᆶၳĂ߸ߛၳں ๑ᆩೕ࠶߾ਏă
்๑ᆩ߾ፕዐڦॐઠยऺ ݀ߴాևၜణཷֱۙڦܓ࿚ਝLj ᅜُઠೠࠚ்ຕĂฉد ೕᅜतऻ்ײࡗڦă๑ᆩ ࡗݥײຩLjᅺྺኄ߲߾ਏݥ ०ڇথLj்ᅜӀቷ࿚༶ ڦవᅟ܈ײઠยऺ࿚ਝLjኄ๑ڥ ࿚༶ٷٷྷݔકቛă
்ڥᅜᆩᅃዖ߸ࠓࣅݛڦ๕ ยऺ்ֱۙڦ࿚ਝăԲස் ยऺڦසူब߲࿚༶ǖ
• ܔᇀ୴ຕܸჾLjԍାᆶ ೕޭڦԨྺ๊ዘᄲǛྺ๊ փዘᄲǛ
• ॽઠLjຣీࣷၙᄲण் ྪበڦຕǛ
• ᆶுᆶీᆶටࣷྮऻӝฉد ڟYOUTUBEฉڦೕ૾থཌྷڟ COCOฉǛ
घ݀ࢅኧมࣷظႎํڦᆩ߾ਏ
݀ቛLjᆖၚᇑ
!!ሞ฿ბ൞৽ᄽၜణዐྺփཞڦ૧ᅮ၎࠲ට௮ࣼۯऐࢅᄽजቱҹ ݀ቛLjᆖၚᇑ
घ݀ࢅኧมࣷظႎํڦᆩ߾ਏ
15
ၙᄲ କ߾ፕाං ཚࡗඓ ૧ᅮ࠲ဣ } ට࠲ဣ
֖ᇑೝ
ഔ݀ᇀ Namahn and Yellow Window Service Design, Design Flanders (2012)Ėޜခยऺ߾ਏԈėǖ૧ᅮ࠲ဣ ၙཉॲူLj߸ްሗ߾ڦਏᆌࢾݯ ຕනྜׯăߵ0ڦႠዊLj ฉ֫Ăཞपኮक़ႴᄲၹฆLjᅃอࡗࢫLj ీेᅜႪ߀ၳࡕ߸ॅă
घ݀ࢅኧมࣷظႎํڦᆩ߾ਏ
݀ቛLjᆖၚᇑ
घ݀ࢅኧมࣷظႎํڦᆩ߾ਏ
݀ቛLjᆖၚᇑ
15 ට࠲ဣ
ኄ๊ ᅜतྺ๊ ႴᄲǛ
? සࢆ๑ᆩ ਸ๔ऻేڦణՔඖ༹LjԈઔᅮටLjᆩࢽईਜ਼ࢽLj்ీڥ ᅮᇀే߾ڦፕLjགႀሞዐ႐ăࢫLjᄂጣዐ႐ၠྔકቛLjՔ ጀഄ߾ፕဣටईፇኯă்ᅜᆶሴඪၹዺేኴႜईد ߾ڦేٳፕڦටईፇኯă ཚࡗኝ߾ፕဣටࢅፇኯLjీණ்ۨᇑణՔඖ༹ڦਐă ࢃ႐ሁৎLjᆖၚ૰ሁٷăݒኮᅨă
ට࠲ဣᅃ߲०ڇযݛ๕LjӻేକేڦణՔतํ၄ణՔݛڦ ๕ăॽ߁ઔే߾ፕዐภतփཞ߲ටࢅፇኯăࣷඟే߸ൣںؤକ փཞ߲ටĂፇኯᇑే߾ڦፕဣᅜत၎ࢻ࠲ဣăኄీԈઔᇑే߾ፕ থ၎࠲ڦටईม൶Ǘጨዺే༹ཷڦDŽईీኧ༹ཷڦేDžǗईే ڦཞपĂںړม൶ࢅࡔाኧྪஏă! Đටा࠲ဣđࣷྺׯᆶᅮጨᇸLjݴၛే߾ڦፕࢅ߾ፕ࠲ဣăኄ߲߾ਏ एᇀࢍܻႍएยऺํᄓਸ݀ڦ૧ᅮ၎࠲ኁኩያྪॺ૬Ljᄺᅃօ ڟNamahn and Yellow Windowยऺڦ૧ᅮ࠲ဣഔ݀ă
݀ቛLjᆖၚᇑ
घ݀ࢅኧมࣷظႎํڦᆩ߾ਏ
ᄺీӻేኝዐ߲ڦටࢅፇኯLjॽ்ׯݴփཞྪஏĂ ևோई૧ᅮඖă૩සLjᆶٗ๚ᅅଐĂҾඇĂ࣍ৣĂঞᇣට ࢅፇኯࣄࡃᅃૌăስᇑేৣتڦ၎࠲ڦ൶ᇘă ྜࢫׯLjᇑేܓཷڦॠֱฉ߲ටࢅፇኯLjසᆶႴᄲLjᇑ ፇᇵฆ༪ዘႎۨ࿋ࡃૌLjቴڟፌࢇ࿋ዃă༪ஃอ࠲॰࠲ ဣĂ༬࠲ጀܔၡᅃ߲ଆࡻڦਸ܋ăཚࡗൣညࣄۨዐ൶ ᇘLjేీ׃ࢅຎ߾ፕዘ႐ă
15 ၙᄲକ߾ፕाං ཚࡗඓ૧ᅮ࠲ဣ
ට࠲ဣ
ࡔा ࡔా Ԩںม൶ ഄ૧ᅮ၎࠲ኁ
ణՔඖ༹
ᅃ൶ᇘᆩᇀ ࡃຌߌĂጲํ၄Ă ॳĂҾඇĂ࣍ৣڪੜ༶
घ݀ࢅኧมࣷظႎํڦᆩ߾ਏ
݀ቛLjᆖၚᇑ
କิऄሞೖ௷੭ዐڦ༬ۨᆩࢽඖ࠲ᇀဢڦ༬՚໕൱ࢅႜྺݛ๕
݀ቛLjᆖၚᇑ
घ݀ࢅኧมࣷظႎํڦᆩ߾ਏ
16
ၙᄲ କ߾ፕाං ཚࡗহۨ യሞణՔටඖ } ణՔටඖ
֖ᇑೝ
ഔ݀ᇀ Nesta (2009)Ėظᅪഓᄽ߾ਏԈėዐ߾ڦፕ3aǖేڦਜ਼ࢽ
ၙཉॲူLj߸ްሗ߾ڦਏᆌࢾݯ ຕනྜׯăߵ0ڦႠዊLj ฉ֫Ăཞपኮक़ႴᄲၹฆLjᅃอࡗࢫLj ీेᅜႪ߀ၳࡕ߸ॅă
घ݀ࢅኧมࣷظႎํڦᆩ߾ਏ
݀ቛLjᆖၚᇑ
घ݀ࢅኧมࣷظႎํڦᆩ߾ਏ
݀ቛLjᆖၚᇑ
16 ణՔටඖ
ኄ๊ ᅜतྺ๊ ႴᄲǛ සࢆ߸ࡻକేڦణՔඖ༹ᅜतణՔඖ༹Ⴔ൱ᅃ߲ၜణईፇኯڦ ࠲॰ăኄ߲߾ਏᅃ߲०ڇযڦ০ඁ߁ઔࢅକేీࣷথڦة ణՔඖ༹तႴጨᇸă ణՔඖ༹ፌࡻᆩᇀፌ؛ඓۨຣထྭޜခܔڦၡतᅪᅭăཞ้Ljኄᄺ ీᆶၳᇑටݴၛ႑တݛڦ๕ă
? සࢆ๑ᆩ ཚࡗ୯ణՔටඖईፇኯڦႴ൱གႀ߾ፕăথጣཁेԴऻLj ௮ຎയሞࢇፕඖ༹ईᅮඖ༹ăᄺ୯ഄీڦᅮට ईፇኯLjईᇑే߾ڦፕᆶ૧ᅮ0Ⴔ൱ဣ߲ڦටईፇኯă் ీփཞᇀేڦਜ਼ࢽă ేీॽփཞඖ༹གփཞڦ߭ă๑ᆩ߭Ljేీॺ૬ܔയ ሞᅮඖ༹ڦණ๎ăጣགႀڹևਏ༹ଶᇘăኄࣷӻే߸ൣ ؤණ๎ഄዐຕă
ྺᅮඖ༹ཁेఁई०ᆶӻዺڦăසࡕే࣏ுᆶఁLj ྺేڦऐࠓቴᅃ߲ᆶၳپڦే்ཷڦܓఁăంఁՍᇀᇑ ഄཷܓईഄ૧ᅮ၎࠲ኁ༪ஃăేᅜᆩݥኟ๕ڦႚ๕LjԲ සࢅವᆷईཞ๚ăႚ๕ᄺᅜኟ๕ڦLjፕྺࢇፕअӵईཨጨ ࣷᅱᅃևݴăၙཉॲူLjᇑཞే߾ፕ၎࠲ڦਜ਼ࢽईഄᅮට ୁLjీӻేॠᄓే्ڦยă
ేසࢆࢬኄᅃඖ༹Ǜ
ేీӝ்ࣃઠǛ DŽईሞُཌྷ்ڦቷೌDž
்Ⴔᄲ๊Ǜ
ేీߴ்๊Ǜ
༵ࠃܠณǛ
݀ቛLjᆖၚᇑ
घ݀ࢅኧมࣷظႎํڦᆩ߾ਏ
ᆶܠณ ీܒ၄Ǜ
ే்ڦ ࢻۯೕ୲ ሹᄣǛ
ేీڟڥ ๊࣮ԒǛ
සࢆ༵ื ే்࠲ڦဣǛ
16 ၙᄲକ߾ፕाං ཚࡗহۨയሞణՔටඖ
ణՔටඖ
ేසࢆࢬኄᅃඖ༹Ǜ
ేీӝ்ࣃઠǛ DŽईሞُཌྷ்ڦቷೌDž
்Ⴔᄲ๊Ǜ
ేీߴ்๊Ǜ
༵ࠃܠณǛ
ᆶܠณీܒ၄Ǜ
ే்ڦ ࢻۯೕ୲ሹᄣǛ
ేీڟڥ ๊࣮ԒǛ
සࢆ༵ื ే்࠲ڦဣǛ
घ݀ࢅኧมࣷظႎํڦᆩ߾ਏ
݀ቛLjᆖၚᇑ
ॺظժᄇᅷ၎࠲ටႚၡᅜକჺට்ۯڦऐᇑԝࢫڦൻۯ૰
݀ቛLjᆖၚᇑ
घ݀ࢅኧมࣷظႎํڦᆩ߾ਏ
17
ၙᄲ କ߾ፕाං ཚࡗ ၂၄்ڦ ዷᄲ༬ኙ } ටႚၡ
֖ᇑೝ
ഔ݀ᇀ Ėฆᄽยऺ߾ਏԈė(2010)ǖঙᄇᅷ Ⴔᄲཞ๚0ཞपࣆܔLjҾಇୁ้क़Lj ీႴᄲᅃཀᅜฉ้क़ཚ૰ྜׯă
घ݀ࢅኧมࣷظႎํڦᆩ߾ਏ
݀ቛLjᆖၚᇑ
घ݀ࢅኧมࣷظႎํڦᆩ߾ਏ
݀ቛLjᆖၚᇑ
17 ටႚၡ
ኄ๊ ᅜतྺ๊ ႴᄲǛ ටႚၡႵࠓई၄ํ߲ڦටႚၡLjᇑ༬ۨణՔඖ༹ࠏཚࠌڦཞ֖ ۅăටႚၡٗ၎ຼڦᅃૌටዐ༵ൽࠌڦཞ༬ႠĊĊႜྺĂణՔࢅഄ ૌຼ༬ႠĊĊཚࡗࠌཞ༬Ⴀକኄᅃඖ༹ăཚࡗظሰႵࠓႚၡޯᇎට ኄၵ༬ႠLjేփࣷᅍට༬ኙဦবăኄᄣLjටႚၡӻేۨ߾ፕ ࠲ጀටඖLjܸփ؏ၡ௮ຎ்ᆌپڦඖ༹ă ॺ૬ڦࠀׯටႚၡLjႴᄲኪڢ୯నၵᅺ໎Ăࢮనၵᅺ໎ăට ႚၡॺڦ૬ྫྫ࠽ݘൽᄣLjᅃઠᇸዐీԈࡤٷଉဦবă๎՚ࠌཞ ༬ኙLjኄॺ૬ටႚၡڦएإLjཞ้ስժํ၄ටဦবLjኄ࠲॰ ሞăኟඓॺ૬ටႚၡీࠕӻዺేणາ࠽ᅮժॠᄓਦݛӄăཚLj ॺظᅃၵටႚၡՍᇀ࠲ጀణՔඖ༹ᅃݴፇ࠲ڦ॰༬ኙă
? සࢆ๑ᆩ ටႚၡپᅃ߲ፇኯၙᄲڦٳڟణՔݴፇă୯փཞටႚၡ ڦೋࡻĂୟ၍ࢅణՔీӻేྺ༬ۨݴፇ༵ࠃ༬ׂۨĂޜခă ᆩ߭ॺ૬ᅃ߲༬ۨටႚၡLjپేຌፇኯڦణՔඖ༹ă ጣంఁĂཁेೌࢅ௮ຎ႗ĂरీࢅణՔ๑༬ۨටႚၡ ཌྷৎኸۨටă
ཁे ೌईࣃၟ
घ݀ࢅኧมࣷظႎํڦᆩ߾ਏ
ຣǛ
ࢅేথڦة4߲ᇱᅺǖ
փࢅేথڦة4߲ᇱᅺǖ
1.
1.
2.
2.
3.
3.
ටႚၡఁǖ ణՔݴፇǖ ڦ႗
݀ቛLjᆖၚᇑ
ໜᅪཁे࠲ᇀࢅৣتටႚၡڦഄဦবă
ڦႠ߭
ڦरీ
ڦၙ
ڦมࣷ࣍ৣ
17 ၙᄲକ߾ፕाං ཚࡗ໒ሰ்ڦዷᄲ༬ኙ
ටႚၡ ຣǛ
ࢅేথڦة3߲ᇱᅺǖ
փࢅేথڦة3߲ᇱᅺǖ
1.
1.
2.
2.
3.
3.
ཁेೌईࣃၟ
ටႚၡఁǖ
ణՔݴፇǖ
ڦ႗
ڦႠ߭
ڦरీ
ڦၙ
ڦมࣷ࣍ৣ
घ݀ࢅኧมࣷظႎํڦᆩ߾ਏ
݀ቛLjᆖၚᇑ
ྺఁঢĐփৈৈኻᅃ߾ݻፕđڦ൞৽ᄽೝװ၄༵ᅱ
݀ቛLjᆖၚᇑ
घ݀ࢅኧมࣷظႎํڦᆩ߾ਏ
18
ၙᄲ କ߾ፕाං ཚࡗ হۨڦ ظႎኮت } ౷ᇑയዊ
֖ᇑೝ
ഔ݀ᇀ ܘIDEO (2011) ᅜටྺԨยऺ߾ਏԈǖĖڿدǖऺࣄဣଚਦݛӄėܾڼӲ-!ڼ135ᄻ Ⴔᄲཞ๚0ཞपࣆܔLjҾಇୁ้क़Lj ీႴᄲᅃཀᅜฉ้क़ཚ૰ྜׯă
घ݀ࢅኧมࣷظႎํڦᆩ߾ਏ
݀ቛLjᆖၚᇑ
घ݀ࢅኧมࣷظႎํڦᆩ߾ਏ
݀ቛLjᆖၚᇑ
18 ౷ᇑയዊ
ኄ๊ ᅜतྺ๊ ႴᄲǛ ౷ᇑയዊᅃ߲०݆ݛڦڇLjহۨేेڦኵLjཚࡗࠓॺే߾ڦ ፕࢅేޜڦခܔၡኮक़࠲ڦဣઠํ၄ăኄᅃ߾ਏ༵ࠃLjేీ֧ࣄ ᅃ߲ظᅪईਦٯแă
? සࢆ๑ᆩ ܔᇀଇ߲܀૬ڦፖՔዡLjံᄲඓۨేईేፇኯ༵ࠃڦ႑တ ᆌتᇀన߲࿋ዃăޏႎڦ႑တǛޏႎڦ๑ᆩኁǛথ ጣቴڟଇ߲࿋ዃ֮ݛںڦLjኄ߲৽ۅేၙ݀ڦሞتă ేీڟڥᅃ߲ᆇၡޏਏᆶ೦࣋ႠڦईॺยႠڦሞᅃၵ၄ᆶ๚ ခฉLjසሺኵႠLjኄൽਦᇀే༵ࠃ႑႐ሞፖՔዡڦ࿋ዃăኄ ీӻዺేేޏሞፔߛޅ၃ڦႎ๚ईኟሞޅگ၃߀ڦ ᅙᆶڦ๚ခă
ే༵ࠃڦ႑တ࣏ీဦݴLjժ௮ຎڟኄ߲Քڦփཞև࿋ăኄ ᄣీકොేڦ࿔ॲ႑တă ኄዖ݆ݛയሞڦ๕ඁႜཀྵసޅԓLjኄᆶ૧ᇀేܔፇኯ༵ࠃ ׂ݀ቛർڢă
ႎᆩࢽ
ᆶ้ࢪཚࡗኄዖݛ๕ӝ๚ခଚઠܔᇀକᆶܠณ߾ፕLjᆶܠณ૧ᅮࢅ ޏ٪ሞႜݛڦӄᆶݥᆩڦăሞኄ߲߾ፕዐLjཚࡗ๑ᆩኁ༵ࠃڦ ႑တLjేీࠕ௮ຎనၵၙ݆ࢅ༵ࠃڦ႑တႎڦᅜतనၵ၄ᆶڦă
ࣅڦ
೦ڦ
DŽ೦࣋ႠڦDž
၄ᆶࠃᆌ
ႎࠃᆌ ڿሺڦ
ࣅڦ
၄ᆶᆩࢽ
݀ቛLjᆖၚᇑ
घ݀ࢅኧมࣷظႎํڦᆩ߾ਏ
18 ၙᄲକ߾ፕाං ཚࡗ໒ሰ்ڦዷᄲ༬ኙ
౷ᇑയዊ ႎᆩࢽ
ࣅڦ
೦ڦ
DŽ೦࣋ႠڦDž
၄ᆶࠃᆌ
ႎࠃᆌ ڿሺڦ
ࣅڦ
၄ᆶᆩࢽ
घ݀ࢅኧมࣷظႎํڦᆩ߾ਏ
݀ቛLjᆖၚᇑ
ӄ ૩ ჺ৯ ๑ᆩ߾ਏǖణՔඖ༹Ljටႚၡ ፇኯǖࢇࡔਸ݀ऺࣄຈ!ጦ՚ਖ਼ຯ། ࡔॆǖጦ՚ਖ਼ຯ། ևோǖม൶કቛ0ঞᇣ ঙǖม൶કቛጆॆ ၜణǖࢇࡔऺࣄ݀ቛຈ0ࢇࡔࢇኾᇼၜణĐጦ՚ਖ਼ຯ།มࣷظႎतኾᇼၜణđ ဣටǖANDREAS KARPATI ᆰၒǖANDREAS.KARPATI@UNDP.ORG
ጦ՚ਖ਼ຯ།ࠅࠌঞᇣևူຌܹཡ༹ᇣ݀ቛएূࣷڅ႐Lj࠶಼ٷጨ ূཨ༹ᇣยแඖLjڍ๑ᆩ୲ඐփටᅪLjᆮഄ๊߅DŽጦ՚ਖ਼ ຯ།ڦۼDžᅜྔں൶ă ܹཡ༹ᇣ݀ቛएূࣷ߸څ႐౫٩࡚֖ᇑሏڦۯ൧Ljᆯᇀజණ๎ փፁĂࠞփፁLjฯߴᇎኧLj்ுీᅮᇀ༹ᇣሏۯă
ᅺُLj࠶ٷଉཨጨएإยแ ࢅ௨༹ݯᇣยแLjසࢆ༵ߛยแ ๑ᆩ୲఼Ǜ
߾ፕ֖ݙᇑኁགႀڦణՔඖ༹ࢅටႚၡă
݀ቛLjᆖၚᇑ
घ݀ࢅኧมࣷظႎํڦᆩ߾ਏ
ӄ૩ჺ৯
்ྺࢆ๑ᆩ߾ਏǖ
்සࢆ๑ᆩ߾ਏǖ
்ᇑൟටĊĊઠጲࢇںړፕٷბڦ ბิፇኯକᅃ߲มࣷظႎ߾ፕݙLj࠲ጀ Đ༹ᇣٝมࣷබࢇđăᆯׂُิକമ ৠ࠽ગڦၜణऺࣄLjᆶྭइڥᅃഥӥ ெᇮڦၭܮঃăሞُक़Lj்๑ᆩ ĐణՔඖ༹đĂĐටႚၡđ߾ڪਏLj କᆩࢽLj࣏ᆩĐ࿚༶হۨđĂĐׯᅺ đາీ࿚༶ࢅਦݛӄă
ĐణՔටඖđࢅĐටႚၡđ߾ਏᆶዺ ᇀბิາ࿄ઠᆩࢽڦਏ༹༬ኙă் ༌ڟĐدཥॆབྷసđLjڍฉຎ߾ ਏӻዺ்༹ٷቨਏ༹༬ኙǖనლ ቴᆩࢽĂ்ཀፔ๊Ă்ᆶనၵ ਏ༹ॏኵĂ்๑ᆩఫၵ༹Ă்ᇑ ၄پर࠲ဣසࢆڪă்๑ᆩኄၜ߾ ਏ࣑࿋າĂ࠲ጀణՔਜ਼ࢽ༬ኙă
ኄၵ߾ਏཚࡗෙ߲ዷᄲଉՔጚઠൽǖ
்݀၄ᆶ࿚༶ ۼႴᄲ୯ටႚၡĂ Ⴔ൱ࢅิऄඇৠ ֍ీڥᅜਦă
๑ᆩ߾ਏڦࡕǖ ்݀၄ᆶ࿚༶ۼႴᄲ୯ටႚၡĂ Ⴔ൱ࢅิऄඇৠ֍ీڥᅜਦă ॺᅱǖ • ፌࡻփᄲ࠲ጀĐටႚၡđ߾ਏగᅃ !!ዖ༬ۨටૌ႙Ljᆌظሰܠዖටႚ !!ၡLjኄᆯᇀ࿚༶ࡥ߃փཞมࣷඖ༹ă • ๑ᆩമLjሞ߾ݙጚԢĂणຕๆݴ !!ڦă
1. ᇀփࡤฆᄽᅺ໎ڦၭ႙ኾᇼऺࣄ 2. ࢇራĂׯ႙മมࣷظႎ DŽጀዘظᅪႚׯĂ࿚༶হۨࢅ݀၄ᆩࢽDž 3. ࢇঞ0߾ݙᅃၭ้ాኴႜ
घ݀ࢅኧมࣷظႎํڦᆩ߾ਏ
݀ቛLjᆖၚᇑ
ӄ ૩ ჺ৯ ߾ਏ๑ᆩǖටႚၡ ፇኯ;!ࢇࡔਸ݀ऺࣄຈ! ࡔॆǖ ևோǖݛںዎ ঙǖԨظںႎޯม༹ࣷၜణঢ় ဣටǖLEJLA SADIKU ᆰၒǖLEJLA.SADIKU@UNDP.ORG ߸ܠ႑တǖHTTP://WWW.UNDP.ORG/CONTENT/KOSOVO/EN/HOME/OPERATIONS/PROJECTS/ DEMOCRATIC_GOVERNANCE/SMILE.HTML
ࢅܓཷڦ ዂ૰ᇀॺ૬ਦ֧ኁ ࢅൟටኮक़ ൃڦă ࢇࡔፇኯ֖ᇑኄᅃऺࣄLjऺࣄԈઔᇑአহႠۆ ݔሞླྀ༬ႜဣଚ༪ஃă்ᇜڟᅃ߲వ༶Ljఫ৽߸ ࡻںణՔඖ༹LjཚࡗᅃօକణՔඖ༹ăᅺ ُLj்๑ᆩକĐටႚၡđ߾ਏă
݀ቛLjᆖၚᇑ
घ݀ࢅኧมࣷظႎํڦᆩ߾ਏ
்සࢆ๑ᆩ߾ਏǖ
๑ᆩ߾ਏڦࡕǖ
்ᇑୃ߲ටሞ߾ፕݙ๑ᆩኄ߲߾ਏLj้3/6ၭ้ă ට܀૬ॺ૬ටႚၡLjณፔ߀ۯăཚࡗኄ߲ဣLj ்ॺ૬Ⴔᄲথڦة၍ူටඖǗऄۯጆॆࢅბิዂ૰ ᇀႠ՚࿚༶Ljኄ்փথڦة࿚༶ăၭ႙ਃ௷ ณ๑ᆩླྀ༬Ljᅺ்ُණ๎ڟኈኟথةᆩࢽႴᄲཚࡗ ഄLjස૽ईĐླྀ༬֕ਵݦđऄۯĊĊኄᅃ ߲၍ူऄۯLjӻዺٝ၍ฉ༪ஃă
ኄᅃ߾ਏݥᆶዺᇀӻ்ၭࢃ႐ణՔඖ༹Ljժକ ்၍ฉ༪ஃీ၄ڦ࿚༶ă ்߸ൣںؤକڟ்ڦકቛऄۯႴᄲබࢇ၍ฉ၍ူ ऄۯLjժኄၵऄۯᆌ๔ᇀٷბLjժᆯბิࣷჇدă
19
ၙᄲ ׂิႎظᅪ ཚࡗᇑঢ়૦ ժਦઓవ ڦටࢇፕ } ظᅪ߾ݙ
֖ᇑೝ
ഔ݀ᇀ Lovlie L.,Reason B.,Polaine A. (2013)Ėޜခยऺǖٗ۴ִํڟแėڼ60ᄻLjRosenfeld Media
Ⴔᄲཞ๚0ཞपࣆܔLjҾಇୁ้क़Lj ీႴᄲᅃཀᅜฉ้क़ཚ૰ྜׯă
घ݀ࢅኧมࣷظႎํڦᆩ߾ਏ
݀ቛLjᆖၚᇑ
घ݀ࢅኧมࣷظႎํڦᆩ߾ਏ
݀ቛLjᆖၚᇑ
19 ظᅪ߾ݙ
ኄ๊ ᅜतྺ๊ ႴᄲǛ
? සࢆ๑ᆩ ظᅪ߾ݙణՔසူǖ • ॺ૬Ă༑ظᅪ • ስĂॺ૬ፌॅظᅪ • ྺူਸቛظᅪLjॺ૬ൣညణՔ ൣညݴڦօऄࣄऺۯतऄ้ۯक़ࡀࣄᆶዺᇀظᅪࠀׯڦݙਸ ቛăዘᄲڦᄲጮဦࡀࣄظᅪݙă
ظᅪ߾ݙᆶऐࣷणࢇే߾ፕภतईᆖၚڦփཞටඖLjժᇑኮࢇፕă ்ԈઔేথڦةටඖLjేኟሞࢇፕڦअӵLj၎ຼଶᇘڦጆॆLjई ୁዐइᅮڦፇඖणࢇăणĂݴၛփཞঢ়ᄓLjࠌཞॺظയሞਦݛ ӄփ฿ྺࡻ݆ݛă
ሞ༬ۨ࿚༶ฉLjظᅪߴీݙට்ټઠԐࡍ९ăظᅪࠃ༵ݙକᅃ߲न้ णᇑݴၛኪ๎ڦॐăࠓॺ൶क़ႴᄲኇጡLjබࢇઠጲփཞԝৠڦටඖă ኄᅃ߾ਏ༵ࠃᅃ߲ൣڇLjӻేᆶၳࡀࣄ൶क़Ă؊ۯۙݴፇඖओटႠă
ሞࡀࣄዐᆌ୯සူबۅǖ • ظᅪݙᆩ้ܠ৳LjሞనႜǛ • ຣઠ֖ेLjႴᄲనၵኪ๎ĂरీࠓǛ • සࢆҾಇනײǛ • ޏᅜၭፇႚ๕ႜǛසࢆݴၛظᅪǛ • Ⴔᄲ๑ᆩనၵଙĂ߾ਏǛ • සࢆऻࡕׯǛ ူ௬ڦ߭ৈࠃ֖ăظࣄࡀړᅪ้ݙLjߵేڦႴ൱0၌ Ljໜ้Ⴊ߀DŽཁे0३ณ0ऻDžă
5ݴዓ ॺ૬ऺࣄ
20ݴዓ হۨට0ፇ࠲ጀଶᇘ
30ݴዓ থ֖ࢅةᇑ
15ݴዓ ዘႎݴፇत ݴၛ܌ࡕׯ
݀ቛLjᆖၚᇑ
घ݀ࢅኧมࣷظႎํڦᆩ߾ਏ
15ݴዓ ቛ၄ଣ้ቛ
30ݴዓ ᅃօॺย
19 ၙᄲׂิႎظᅪ ཚࡗᇑঢ়૦ժਦઓవڦටࢇፕ
ظᅪ߾ݙ
5ݴዓ
20ݴዓ
ถظᅪݛݙӄ
হۨ࠲ጀ൶क़ DŽ૩ස!ၭፇႚ๕ॺظටႚၡDž
30ݴዓ
15ݴዓ
׃ణՔᆩࢽසࢆ૧ᆩేࠃڦᆌ DŽ૩ස!ྺᅃටႚၡॺظୟ၍Dž
ቧཌྷሞ഻ฉLjኄᄣටੂీۼ९
15ݴዓ
30ݴዓ
ᇑፇాഄׯᇵݴၛࡕׯ ݴၛၭፇණྺీׂิईሺेॏኵڦऐᇜ
ᅃօࠓॺཚࡗ๑ᆩ߾ਏඓۨڦऐᇜ DŽ૩ස!౷ࢅയዊLjฆᄽఇ๕LjՎࣅஃDž
घ݀ࢅኧมࣷظႎํڦᆩ߾ਏ
݀ቛLjᆖၚᇑ
ሞ߾ፕݙዐၹፕᅜइڥీڦਦݛӄ
݀ቛLjᆖၚᇑ
घ݀ࢅኧมࣷظႎํڦᆩ߾ਏ
20
ၙᄲ ׂิႎظᅪ ཚࡗ অ႐܀ሏ } ظᅪ݀ิഗ
֖ᇑೝ
ഔ݀ᇀ Nesta (2013) ظᅪ݀ิഗ! Բড०ڇLjጲ࠶߾ਏ ၎ܔᆩ้ডณ
घ݀ࢅኧมࣷظႎํڦᆩ߾ਏ
݀ቛLjᆖၚᇑ
घ݀ࢅኧมࣷظႎํڦᆩ߾ਏ
݀ቛLjᆖၚᇑ
20 ظᅪ݀ิഗ
ኄ๊ ᅜतྺ๊ ႴᄲǛ ኄᅃ߾ਏཚٗփཞঙځੂ܈࿚༶ईऐᇜLjӻዺၭፇׂิظᅪăኄᆶዺᇀ ׂิᇀኍܔയሞਦݛӄڦႎၙ݆Ljཞ้ᅜփཞݛ๕၄ᆶጨᇸLjे ഽ၄ᆶጨᇸăᆯ8ዖݛ๕ईࠓׯLjٗዐስፌࢇླྀ४၄ᆶੜ༶ڦ ݛ๕Ljܸٗघศ֫༪ஃă ظᅪ݀ิഗᆶዺᇀࠓॺظᅪĂ࿚༶ईߴᇎLj࠲փཞ൧ৠăྷජᅃ ߲߁ၠփཞݛၠჽฦظᅪLjघ݀༪ஃഽࣅ߁ăྺକᆶၳ๑ᆩ߾ਏLj ᆌඓۅ݀DŽ࿚༶ĂऐᇜĂ߁ظᅪई၄ႜॺᅱDžă
݀ቛLjᆖၚᇑ
घ݀ࢅኧมࣷظႎํڦᆩ߾ਏ
? සࢆ๑ᆩ ڼᅃօǖٗ၄ᆶ߁Ă࿚༶ईऐᇜਸ๔Ljࢫᆌᆩዐ๖8 ߲ăኄၵօየ०ڇᅟႜLjӻዺׂิഄྖ൸Ă೦࣋ईჽฦ Đࡀđݛڦ๕ăኄᄣLjేీሞ้܌क़ాׂิටظᅪă
ݛ๕
ࡀ
ۙཀྵ
ገࡀႜྺ
බࢇ
ᇑഄࠃᆌබࢇ
ྊቛ
ྊቛࠃᆌ
ࣅݴ
൶ࠃݴᆌ
ሺे
ሺेႎᇮ໎
३ณ
ඁأగዖᇮ໎
ገ࣑!
ገ࣑ᆶ࠲ ଷᅃଶᇘڦႜྺ
ᅎኲ
ॽᅃዖႜྺڦగᅃᇮ໎ ᅎኲڟଷᅃଶᇘ
ੲቧ
ٝׯፌटڦ܋၄ႚ๕
ܾڼօǖอظᅪLjࢫስፌॅظᅪۨႜظႎऺࣄă
ྖ൸Ă೦࣋ईჽฦ
20 ၙᄲׂิႎظᅪ ཚࡗঅ႐܀ሏ
ظᅪ݀ิഗ
ݛ๕
ۙཀྵ
බࢇ
ྊቛ
ࣅݴ
ሺे
३ณ
ገ࣑
ᅎኲ
ੲቧ
ࡀ
ྖ൸Ă೦࣋Ăჽฦࡀ
ገࡀႜྺ
ᅅิዎթ
සࡕթටྺׯᅅิକ఼Ǜ
ᇑഄࠃᆌබࢇ
ට்ሞփཞۅںথޜခ
සࡕփཞں൶ޜခৈᆶᅃ߲ޜခ੨఼Ǜ
ྊቛࠃᆌ
ӣཀLjბၯߴܹཡࢅ൞ට༵ࠃბသऐࣷ
සࡕბၯᄺ༵ࠃ༹ᇣࢅᇏૂၜణǗม൶༵ࠃᄽᇆੜ఼ײǛ
൶ࠃݴᆌ
ᆶĐྤీđݛ๕
ᄲᅃၜޜခీࠕ߲ႠࣅĂݴ൶ࣅ఼Ǜ
ሺेႎᇮ໎
גၨනᆩ
ᄲג࣏ీྺටໃ఼֕Ǜ
ඁأగዖᇮ໎
॔ᇢᆶၳ႘༹݁ဣ࠲ڦ॰
ᄲփڥփ࠲Կ4क़॔ᇢ఼Ǜ
ገ࣑ᆶ࠲ଷᅃଶᇘڦႜྺ
ᅅᇾࢅऐׇሏᆐփཞ
ᄲऐ࠶ׇٯแᆌᆩᇀᅅᇾ఼Ǜ
ॽᅃዖႜྺڦగᅃᇮ໎ ᅎኲڟଷᅃଶᇘ
ঞბࢅಥଁփཞႜྺ
ᄲಥଁᆅዐბঞᇣ఼Ǜ
ٝׯፌटڦ܋၄ႚ๕
ბၯኧܹཡࢅൟටბသLjփ၌ᇀ༬้ۨक़ࢅۅں
ᄲბิీඪᅪስ้क़Ăۅںႜბသ఼Ǜ
घ݀ࢅኧมࣷظႎํڦᆩ߾ਏ
݀ቛLjᆖၚᇑ
ྺĐइڥᇑბသđมࣷ֫ڹ൞ၜణ༑༪ၙ݆ᅜतഄ߸࠽ڦݘᆖၚ
݀ቛLjᆖၚᇑ
घ݀ࢅኧมࣷظႎํڦᆩ߾ਏ
21
ၙᄲ ׂิႎظᅪ ཚࡗ ॺยႠ ၭፇ༪ஃ } າஷ
֖ᇑೝ
ഔ݀ᇀ de Bono, E. (1985)ĖୃۥາஷėLjெࡔ૧༬ܻ&քશӲม Ⴔᄲཞ๚0ཞपࣆܔLjҾಇୁ้क़Lj ీႴᄲᅃཀᅜฉ้क़ཚ૰ྜׯă
घ݀ࢅኧมࣷظႎํڦᆩ߾ਏ
݀ቛLjᆖၚᇑ
घ݀ࢅኧมࣷظႎํڦᆩ߾ਏ
݀ቛLjᆖၚᇑ
21 າஷ
ኄ๊ ᅜतྺ๊ ႴᄲǛ າஷీࠕॽᅃဣଚփཞࢅۅ࠵ڦঙټ༪ஃዐLjཞ้ᆼీԍኤ༪ஃ ൎዐዷ༶ăኄ߲݆ࠞݛට்ٗփཞঙځੂ܈ཞᅃ߲ዷ༶Ljժ๑ᅃ߲ ੂຼްሗڦ࿚༶ገࣅྺᅃׇඤଜ༪ஃڦጣ૰ۅăཷॽܓბࣷසࢆॽዚܠ ၙ݆ݴୃ߲ൣညࢅీࠀڦঙඖፇLjᆯُܸੂൣᅃ߲࿚༶ڦඇஸăྷ ජኄၵ࠵ۅઠࠓዾࣆܔLjᅜՆ௨ణڦĂཀகႜڦኛՑLjܸٗظ ሰᅃׇᆶᅪᅭĂᆶዘڦۅ༪ஃăُ݆ݛঢ়ᆯĖୃ߲າஷėDŽDe Bono E. 1985Džୁႜਸઠă ۥஷጱۼᆶᅃ߲փཞڦዷ༶Ljᅃૌ༬ۨ࠵ۅăܔᇀᅃ߲ඖፇLj ᆶׯᇵۼሞĐᅃۥஷጱđాྷݔڦາగᅃዷ༶Ljኄᄣీӻዺॆٷሞ ཞᅃ้क़࠲ጀཞᅃঋۅăཞᄣںLjኄᄺᆶ૧ᇀٗඇ༹ׯᇵتइڥᆶᅮ ݒڦઍă၌ۨగ߲ዷ༶ࠕీྷݔڦඟ݀ॆٷ၄ਦగᅃઓవ࿚༶ڦႎ ݆ݛLjԲසຫLjᅃ߲ۼॆٷયຄᇀ႐ڦ࿚༶ዘႎՎڥĐఔิđLjᄺᆶ ૧ᇀኝ߲ཷ๎ࠌׯٳܓă
݀ቛLjᆖၚᇑ
घ݀ࢅኧมࣷظႎํڦᆩ߾ਏ
? සࢆ๑ᆩ ๑ᆩĐາஷđᆶଇዖ݆ݛǖ 1.ཞᅃ้क़ాLj߲ටٻۼฉ၎ཞڦஷጱăስᅃۥஷጱLj ࢫඟ߲ටٗۼኄۥஷጱڦঙ܈ઠ֖ᇑ༪ஃăܔᇀᅃ߲ڦٷ ࿚༶Ljኄୃۥஷጱᄲୁᆩᇀ༪ஃă 2.ݴॆٷ՚ٻฉփཞڦஷጱLjࢫٗփཞڦঙ֖܈ᇑ༪ஃă ۥĐஷጱđۼᄲঢ়ࡗ؊ݴ༪ஃă༪ஃዐक़Ljॆٷᅜ࣑ጲम ڦĐஷጱđLj೨๑ٗॆٷփཞڦঙੂ܈࿚༶ă
ׯब߲ঙ߳܈ᅴڦևݴLj༪ஃᅜᅃևݴᅃևୁݴႜLjܸ փඟॆٷጲᆯࣩ݀ăᇀᆫံፌࢫ༪ஃన߲ĐஷጱđLjுᆶ ᅃۨڦຩႾLjփࡗፌ؛बْLjӀቷူڦຩႾႜࣷ߸ඹᅟᅃ ၵDŽٗĐ๚ํđڟĐ࠶đDžă ᅃਸ๔LjᆩኄၵĐஷጱđీ၂ڥᆶၵႚ๕ࣅLjଁڍသबْLj ే৽ࣷ݀၄ၳࡕഄํ၂ă සࡕ၄ํ൧ူᆩĐஷጱđփࢇLjఫేᄺᅜUჀĂ࣫ ቤईኁਸ਼ೌLjኻᄲႀฉኄब߲ዷ༶৽ᅜକă
ዖీۼ݆ݛԍኤཷڦܓ༪ஃൎ༶ăኄၵĐஷጱđࣷॽ༪ஃݴ
๚ํڦ
൧Ⴣڦ
இडڦ
ัځܔ
ଳ࠼ᅃ
੦࠶
21 ၙᄲׂิႎظᅪ ཚࡗॺยႠၭፇ༪ஃ
๚ํڦ
າஷ
൧Ⴣ!ڦ
இडڦ
ัځܔ
ଳ࠼ᅃ
੦࠶
घ݀ࢅኧมࣷظႎํڦᆩ߾ਏ
݀ቛLjᆖၚᇑ
࠲ᇀ࿐ิޜခڦมࣷഓᄽኟᇑᆫံഄॏኵ༹၄
݀ቛLjᆖၚᇑ
घ݀ࢅኧมࣷظႎํڦᆩ߾ਏ
22
ၙᄲ ׂิႎظᅪ ཚࡗᅜ ࠌཞॏኵ࠵ ྺएإၹۙ߾ፕ } ॏኵୁॺࠓײ
֖ᇑೝ
ഔ݀ᇀ Nesta (2009)Ėظᅪഓᄽ߾ਏԈėዐ߾ڦፕ2aǖేڦॏኵ࠵
Բড०ڇLjጲ࠶߾ਏ ၎ܔᆩ้ডณ
घ݀ࢅኧมࣷظႎํڦᆩ߾ਏ
݀ቛLjᆖၚᇑ
घ݀ࢅኧมࣷظႎํڦᆩ߾ਏ
݀ቛLjᆖၚᇑ
22 ॏኵୁॺࠓײ
ኄ๊ ᅜतྺ๊ ႴᄲǛ ేྺ๊ሞፔ၄ሞ߾ڦፕǛॏኵୁ߾ॺࠓײਏీඟే௮ຎൣؤኲߵᇀే ጲว߾ڦፕᅜत߸ܓཷڦٷዐڦॏኵ࠵Ljܸٗӻዺే࣮ٴኄ߲࿚༶ăሞ ేਦۨጲमᄲፔ๊ײࡗڦዐLjኄᄣڦॏኵ࠵ཚԲഄ۫ဇ߸ᆶᆖၚ ૰ăኄీేၙړڦᅃၵ۫ဇLjేਥڥ၂ܸᅟ९ڦLjईኁేٗ࿄ ํाຫईኁႀူ۫ڦဇăܸLjඓۨኄᄣڦॏኵݥዘᄲLjᆮഄړ ేႴᄲၠጲमڦཞ๚ࢅअӵጲम߾ڦፕ้ă ᅃڋඓۨକኄၵॏኵ࠵Lj৽ᄲᇑཷݴܓၛăኄᄣLj၎ཞڦॏኵ࠵ᅜፕ ྺే்ࠌڦཞጣᄅۅLjܸٗ०ࣅࢅेፔਦۨײࡗڦLjᄺඓԍే߾ڦፕ മࢫᅃዂăኄၜ߾ፕੂฉඁփవLjڍᅃڋණኈྜׯLjᅪᅭݐݥăԨ߭ ടࡻీӻዺేྜ߾ُׯፕăසࡕీඟᆶׯܓཷڦᇵׯྜۼጲमڦॏኵ ࠓॺLjࢫࢻ၎֮ԲܔLjఫॽݥᆶ૧ᇀ๑ኝ߲ཷ๎ࠌׯٳܓă
? සࢆ๑ᆩ ံLj߲ටۼቴቧኽईኁबቧਸ਼ೌLjႀူేਥ๊ڥేܔ ጲमࢅేܓཷڦઠຫLjፌྺԐࡍăኄၵ۫ဇᆌీඟేਥڥ ኈኟ؊ऄ૰ժ؊ඤ൧ںཨวᇀጲमࢅཷ߾ڦܓፕዐă ܔᆶၵටઠຫLjీӻዺ՚ටLjܔഄටઠຫLjీظ ሰईኁظႎLjܔଷᅃၵටઠຫLjీ႑Ăิༀԍࢺᅪ๎ యଶڞ૰ăᆶۼڦႀူઠĊĊన಄ഄዐᆶᅃၵేܔઠຫ ኻᆶߌۅਥĂժுᆶఫዘᄲă
ඟేڦཞӵ்ᄺፔ၎ཞڦ๚ăᆶටڦ߭ۼགࡻኮࢫLjࢻ ၎ݴၛLjੂੂܔనၵీࢻ၎ණăߴఫၵ༬՚କేڦටੂ ੂేྜڦኝ߭Lj࿚࿚்ڦᅪ९Ljኄᄣీӻే߸ࡻںൣ ๊ڹڟ߸ేܔዘᄲăጹࢇᅜฉዖዖLjే৽ీඓ૬ᅃၜܔኝ ߲ཷܓઠຫۼዘᄲڦॏኵ࠵କă
ేړႀူକܠॏኵ࠵ኮࢫDŽ21߲ईኁ߸ܠDžLjӝ்ڟݣ ၎ᆌ߭ڦጱඁă՚څ႐ᄲᅃْགኟඓĊĊేᅜໜᅪՎ࣑ ࿋ዃLjڟඇևགኟඓྺኹăྺକඟేڦႜ߸ۯᆶݛၠႠLj ඓԍĐᆦᇺዘᄲđఫᅃતፌܠኻᆶ6߲ၜణă
ᆦᇺዘᄲ
ᆶ้ዘᄲ
बࢭփዘᄲ
߲ටॏኵ࠵ ᆦᇺዘᄲ
ᆶ้ዘᄲ
बࢭփዘᄲ
ཷܓॏኵ࠵
݀ቛLjᆖၚᇑ
घ݀ࢅኧมࣷظႎํڦᆩ߾ਏ
ߵԨփዘᄲ
ߵԨփዘᄲ
22 ၙᄲׂิႎظᅪ ཚࡗᅜࠌཞॏኵ࠵ྺएإၹۙ߾ፕ
ॏኵୁॺࠓײ ᆶ้ዘᄲ
बࢭփዘᄲ
ߵԨփዘᄲ
ᆦᇺዘᄲ
ᆶ้ዘᄲ
बࢭփዘᄲ
ߵԨփዘᄲ
ཷܓॏኵ࠵
߲ටॏኵ࠵
ᆦᇺዘᄲ
घ݀ࢅኧมࣷظႎํڦᆩ߾ਏ
݀ቛLjᆖၚᇑ
ӄ ૩ ჺ৯ ๑ᆩ߾ڦਏǖSWOTݴဆLjঙᄇᅷLjາஷ ऐࠓǖටںڢDŽHUMANITARIAN STREETMAPDž ࡔॆǖᆇ܈ဇჱ ؑݔǖࠅਸ႑တ ஏටǖKATE CHAPMAN ۉᆰǖKATE.CHAPMAN@HOTOSM.ORG ߸ܠጨრǖHTTP://EN.OPENSTREETMAP.OR.ID/
ྺକߴ்ڦӐٷ૧ჱ ĊĊᆇ܈ဇჱࢇ३ሚऐࠓDŽAIFDRDž ؕण2014ڦऄۯएূLj ்้ړኟሞጚԢᅃݻጨূऺࣄກă ྺُLj்ਉႜକᅃ߲ాև֧ࣷڦᅱLj ܸॽഄገࣅׯᅃ߲߸߾ڦٷፕݙLj ᅜକࢇፕअӵࢅ૧ᅮ၎࠲ݛ ܔᇀ்2014ݒڦࣄऺ܈ઍă
݀ቛLjᆖၚᇑ
घ݀ࢅኧมࣷظႎํڦᆩ߾ਏ
ӄ૩ჺ৯
்ྺࢆ๑ᆩ߾ਏǖ
்සࢆ๑ᆩ߾ਏǖ
๑ᆩ߾ਏڦࡕǖ
்ڦᆩᅪາ்සࢆీ߸ࡻޜںခ்߾ڦፕܔၡ ࢅፇኯLjժ݀ਢഄയሞڦ૧ᅮටă๚ํฉLj்ঢ় ฿ሞཞᄣ݆ၙڦLjၙփႎ݆ݛᅜথةփཞཷ༹ă ਥڥĐට߭ݴဆđࢅĐາஷđݥᆩ߾ڦਏă ଷྔLjሞ்ڦᆫࢅෑฉLjኻକጲमܸݥኝ߲ ཷ݆ੂڦܓLjᅜ๑ᆩକSWOTݴဆăీൣညںକ മ၍ᇵ߾ܔ݆ၙڦᇀ்ݥዘᄲڦă
ሞᅃ߲6ၭ้߾ڦፕݙLj்ׯݴၭፇLjݴ՚߳ዖ ߾ਏLjࢫዘႎሞᅃഐLjࣹጺ்݆ၙڦLjժӝႎڦ ९ेጨূऺࣄກăጺ༹ઠຫLjࡕׯ၂ዸLjܸݥ ᆶ૧ᇀౡཷܓLjᅺྺኄԲೝፔڦཀྵసޅԓ߸ᆶă SWOTݴဆܔᇀ்ํݥܓཷڦᆩăኮࢫLj்ᄺ๑ ᆩକට߭ݴဆ߭Ljᄺᆶӻዺă்ጣᆫࣅ၄ᆶ ݛڦӄLjᅜકٷਜ਼ࢽඖăᇀLj்ݴဆକᅃၵ၄ᆶਜ਼ ࢽᅜྔڦට߭༬ۅLjժڟڥକݥԀۅڦጱă
ཚࡗُْऄۯLj்ڟڥକൣညਏ༹݆ၙڦLjժཷܓ ၹፕႀକᅃࣄऺݻກă߸ศᅃօLj்ܔᅃၵాևୁ ײᆶକ߸ࡻࣄࡀڦLjཚࡗኄၵୁײLj்װ၄ߴඇᇵࢅ ࠶֫ࣄऺڦ࿔ॲॽڟڥᅃօᆫࣅăኄᄣ்ሞظႎ ํ७ዐᄺీ߸ᆶణڦႠă ߴഄ๑ᆩኁ༵ڦ๖ǖ ߵ߳ںփཞ࿔ࣅLjړႪ߀߾ਏాඹLjᅜദ৽փཞڦ ᆈᇕೝă
ܸLj๑ᆩາஷྺ்ټઠକᅃۅݑLjഄዐీᆶ ᅃևݴᅺྺڥփܔăၙLjසࡕᄲዘઠڦ ࣆLjࣷံӝ߲ஷጱڦዷ༶ᅳׯᆇ܈ဇჱ࿔ă ీۼܓཷڦᆩᆈᇕ༌Ljڍ၎࠲ܔ߁ڦᇀ்ઠ ຫ࣏ࡗᇀ؏ၡକă
घ݀ࢅኧมࣷظႎํڦᆩ߾ਏ
݀ቛLjᆖၚᇑ
ӄ ૩ ჺ৯ ๑ᆩ߾ڦਏǖॏኵୁॺࠓײ ऐࠓǖFHI360 ࡔॆǖᆇ܈ ؑݔǖࠅࠌॳLjᆐᄢत࿐ิ ঙǖଶܓ ஏටǖSUBBANAICKER KRISHNASWAMY ۉᆰǖSKRISHNASWAMY@MPTAST.ORG
ۼܓཷڦጆᄽටᇵLjྺዐᄕӺአު༵ࠃᆶ࠲ࠅࠌॳ Ăᆐᄢࢅ࿐ิݛ௬ڦरຍၹዺࢅኧᇲăਥڥጺᆶब ߲ᄲڦ࿚༶ڞዂ்փీၳժዘޜࠃ༵ںခLjܸٗ ڞዂኈኟڦมࣷ݀ቛణՔԥࢮăኄၵ࿚༶ٷዂݴ ྺଇૌ!Lj߲ටࢅڦऐࠓڦLjᄺᅜٗ࠶Ăට૰ጨᇸĂ ऐࠓ݀ቛኄၵݛ௬ฉઠੂă
்ྺࢆतසࢆ๑ᆩ߾ਏ; ๑ᆩକॏኵୁ߾ॺࠓײਏLjݴ՚߲ٗටࢅऐࠓ֫௬ฉ ๎՚నၵᅜኟ௬߀ںՎኝ߲ဣཥࢃڦ႐ॏኵăၙڦ ݆Ljኄ߲ဣཥᆌᅃူĐ߀Վ࠶ݛ๕đLjኄᄣ ሞྺ்ڦਜ਼ࢽඖ༵ࠃዮසएॳڦإĂᆐᄢࢅ࿐ิޜ ခ้Lj৽ీࠕ๑߳ዖጨᇸ߸ߛၳࣩ݀ںፕᆩă
ᇑཷࢇܓፕགႀॏኵୁॺࠓײڦপ
ᇵ߾ࢅऐࠓҾᇀ၄ጒ ࢅੇ߀Վڦ႐ༀLj ்௬ڦܔ ഄዐᅃ߲వ༶ă ৽ܓཷڦට૰ጨᇸࢅऐࠓ݀ቛۨକᅃࣄऺ܈ݻăᄲ ॽኄၵࢃ႐ॏኵࣄ຺߲ׯݴૌ՚Ljຫഐઠඹᅟڍፔഐઠ వLj๚ํฉ்ሞ߲ටࢅऐࠓ֫ڦ௬ۼᆶዘ۠ڦևݴă ኄၵॏኵࣷໜጣਦ֧ටڦႠ߭ࢅټଶࠅິጽၠ߀Վڦᇵ ߾ڦጆᄽܸ܈ײᆶ߀Վă
݀ቛLjᆖၚᇑ
घ݀ࢅኧมࣷظႎํڦᆩ߾ਏ
๑ᆩ߾ਏڦࡕǖ ்ॽࡕׯᇑࢇፕڦአުևோݴၛLj၄ሞLj ்ኟ୯ཨጨ்ă
23
ၙᄲ ֪ᇑ߀ ཚࡗቨ ፌᆶၳݛڦ๕ } օ݀ةഗ
֖ᇑೝ
ഔ݀ᇀ Eberle, B (1997)Ėद߾݆ፕėLjெࡔPrufrockӲม
Բড०ڇLjጲ࠶߾ਏ ၎ܔᆩ้ডณ
घ݀ࢅኧมࣷظႎํڦᆩ߾ਏ
݀ቛLjᆖၚᇑ
घ݀ࢅኧมࣷظႎํڦᆩ߾ਏ
݀ቛLjᆖၚᇑ
23 օ݀ةഗ
ኄ๊ ᅜतྺ๊ ႴᄲǛ
? සࢆ๑ᆩ ߭ዐڦ߲࿚༶߾ڦేྺࣷۼፕ༵ࠃᅃ߲ၵႹփཞڦঙă ሞ߭ฉႀူేٴڦӄLjڍీں०লĊĊኄᄣፔڦణڦ ྺକװ၄ᅃ߲Đጺબđ๕߁ڦLjӻዺేే߾ڦፕᇑံ മڦᆶඪࢆփཞኮتLjᅜतසࢆీࠕ߀ă
߭ዐڦ࿚༶ኻྺକٝ๑ేາڦ૩ጱLj࣏ᆶႹܠ࿚༶ᄺࣷᇑ ُ၎࠲ă࠲॰ᆩኄૌ࿚༶ઠघ݀࠲ᇀയሞ߀ݛӄڦາă
݀ቛLjᆖၚᇑ
घ݀ࢅኧมࣷظႎํڦᆩ߾ਏ
ޮہ
༨༁
ଷᅃዖᆩ
Ⴊ߀
ۙኝ
ࢇ
߾ਏ्ۨඪࢆႎ۫ڦဇഄํۼᅙ٪ሞ๚ڦᅃዖՎ༹ăኄీժ ݥᆦᇺۼኟඓڦLjٗڍኄ߲ঙ܈ઠາే߾ڦፕ࣏ీࠕӻዺేൣ ညںྺ๊ేፔڦ๚൧ᇑዚփཞDŽईኁຫሹᄣॺ૬ሞံമڦ एإฉڦDžă
༺پ
օ݀ةഗᅃፇీࠕӻዺేٗփཞঙੂ߾ځፕڦ࿚༶ă߾ਏĐद ݆đDŽEberle B.ᇀ2::8݀Džഔ݀Ljኄၵ࿚༶ྺକघ݀ేႎڦາ ݛ๕ܸยऺڦLjܸ࿚༶ڦፇኯݛ๕ీࠕඟే߸੍ৎ၄ᆶڦਦ݆ݛLj ईኁٗփཞڦঙ܈༑ႎڦയሞਦݛӄăኄዖࠕీ݆ݛඟే߾ڦፕ߸ ഽLjᆮഄሞ৪ኛݛӄᅙঢ়ڦܠݥଶᇘă
23 ၙᄲ֪ᇑ߀ ཚࡗቨᆶၳݛڦ๕
օ݀ةഗ
༺پ
ࢇ
ۙኝ
Ⴊ߀
ଷᅃዖᆩ
༨༁
ޮہ
ᆶనၵଙईጨᇸే༺࣑ईኁ࣑ۖ ܸٗઠ߀ే߾ڦፕǛ
සࡕేӝ߾ፕዐڦब߲փཞݛ௬ࢇ ሞᅃഐظሰၵႎ۫ဇLjࣷ݀ิ๊Ǜ
ሹᄣۙኝईኁྲۙᅃူే߾ڦፕܸٗ ๑ీޜခᇀഄڦణՔईኁᆩǛ
ే߾ڦፕ࣏ీሺेၵ๊Ǜ
ే߾ڦፕሞഄݛںᆶᆩǛ
ే߾ڦፕ࣏ీሹ०ई०ࣅᅃူǛ
සࡕేኝ߲߾ޮہፕୁײईኁ࣑ۙഄ ዐڦຩႾࣷሹᄣ@
߾ፕዐనၵᇮ໎ీ߸ᆶૂǛ
සࡕేӝब߲ణڦईኁణՔࢇժഐ ઠࣷሹᄣǛ
ేᅜཚࡗఇݠຣई๊ઠۙኝే ߾ڦፕǛ
ᆶనၵݛںᅜഽۙईኁᅃူઠ ظሰ߸ܠॏኵǛ
࣏ᆶຣీٗే߾ڦፕዐᅮǛ
ేీ๑ᆩనၵഄ߾ڦᅝଙǛ
ేీ࣑ᅃዖ݆ݛፔጲम߾ڦፕLjԲ ස࣑߲࣍ৣǛ
߾ፕዐనၵᇮ໎ฯࡀሶీಙചۖǛ
සࡕేፔၵᇑ၄ሞፔྜڦඇ၎ڦݒ ๚ࣷሹᄣǛ
ᆶ๊۫ဇᅜࢇഐઠܸٗ๑ేڦ ߾ፕၳᆩፌࣅٷǛ
ే߾ڦፕీփీڟݣగ߲ႎ࣍ৣǛ
ಙചۖࢫᆩ๊ઠ༺࣑Ǜ
ሹᄣీዘႎፇኯᅃူే߾ڦፕǛ
నၵࡀሶేీ༺࣑ۖǛ
ేሹᄣӝཀޯࢅጨᇸࢇഐઠظሰᅃ ዖႎ݆ݛǛ
ᆶనၵႎׂईኁظᅪᅜघ݀ే ڦଳߌǛ
ే߾ڦፕዐనၵᇮ໎ᅜेഽܸٗظ ሰႎ۫ဇǛ
ేీٗኮമፔࡗڦၜణዐधൽᅃၵၙ ݆ई๊ڦምᆩᅃْǛ
घ݀ࢅኧมࣷظႎํڦᆩ߾ਏ
݀ቛLjᆖၚᇑ
ᇑയሞᆩࢽᅃഐ֪࠲ᇀࠅࠌ࿐ิยแॺڦዾೝ௬ࡀࣄ
݀ቛLjᆖၚᇑ
घ݀ࢅኧมࣷظႎํڦᆩ߾ਏ
24
ၙᄲ ֪ᇑ߀ ཚࡗ णփཞ ᆶᅮݒڦઍ } ᇱ႙֪ऺࣄ
֖ᇑೝ
ഔ݀ᇀ Nesta (2011)Ėࠅࠌक़ڦᇱ႙֪ė
Ⴔᄲཞ๚0ཞपࣆܔLjҾಇୁ้क़Lj ీႴᄲᅃཀᅜฉ้क़ཚ૰ྜׯă
घ݀ࢅኧมࣷظႎํڦᆩ߾ਏ
݀ቛLjᆖၚᇑ
घ݀ࢅኧมࣷظႎํڦᆩ߾ਏ
݀ቛLjᆖၚᇑ
24 ᇱ႙֪ऺࣄ
ኄ๊ ᅜतྺ๊ ႴᄲǛ නิऄዐLj்߲ටၙႎ๚้ࣷۼ๑ᆩĐᇱ႙đDŽPrototypeDž ĊĊԲසፔၙࢪ้ڦݗᄓ߲ႎ֓Ljඁనܹၙࢪ้ڦጽ߲ႎ၍ୟĊĊഄ ํ৽ႎၙ݆Ljੂੂీփీምेᅜ߀ăڍሞ߾ፕዐLjᇱ႙ඐփৈ ৈĐᅃđǗేړዐᆶᅃዖߛၳᆼࢇݛڦӄई้݆ݛLjሞླྀ ׇईٷԴཨጨኮമLjۼႴᄲᅃዖײ๕ࣅ݆ݛڦઠॠᄓă ܔᇀ๑ᆩࢆዖ݆ݛᅜतࢇॠᄓే߾ڦፕLjᇱ႙֪ऺࣄీྺే༵ࠃᅃ ߲एํڍإᆩ߁ڦબăేᅜᆩ߳ዖଙઠॺᅃ߲ᇱ႙Ljᄺᅜৈৈ ႀူईኁᄇ݆ၙڦేăĐᇱ႙֪ऺࣄđᄺీӻዺॺ૬ॠᄓୁײă සࡕేీӀቷײ๕ࣅڦօየઠፔLjၳࡕፌࡻăኄᄣేࣆڦᅜჄ߀ ጲम߾ڦፕLjཞ้Ն௨ݒઍٗܠዐ฿ă߾ਏ༵߭๖କଇ߲Բ ডᆶᅮڦᄓǖਸ݀ራLjईኁਸ݀ࢫĂྜඇཨ๑ᆩኮമă
݀ቛLjᆖၚᇑ
घ݀ࢅኧมࣷظႎํڦᆩ߾ਏ
? සࢆ๑ᆩ ظႎࡗײዐܠۼీᆩڟᇱ႙Ljᅜُઠ༑ႎၙ݆ई ኁॠᄓ၄ᆶ݆ၙڦLjੂੂޏႜڥཚLjසࢆ߸ࡻ߀ںă๑ ᆩᇱ႙ᄺඓํܠܠᅮă࠲॰ᄲඓԍᇱ႙ॺٲڦ०ڇՍ ᅓLj߸࠲ںܠጀࢃ႐ࠀᆩܸփዂኝഋăᅃۨᄲᆨߎں วՉᅟڦڥ๚Ljኻᄲీӻዺేᄓႎၙ݆नLjփᄲኻ ༌ஃईኁၙఫၵၙ݆ă
ၙ݆
ӝူړፕएإኸళઠࡀࣄేڦᇱ႙֪ăࡀࣄᇱ႙้Ljᆦ ᇺᄲൣںؤՔేၙᄲॠᄓࢃڦ႐ၙ݆ăඓԍጲमጺକ ሹᄣཚࡗዘႎݴದऄۯĂጨᇸĂටᇵईኁଙઠ߀ే߾ፕ ڦᆶ݆ݛă
ॠᄓ
ၘຎ
24 ၙᄲ֪ᇑ߀ णփཞᆶᅮݒڦઍ
्ย ඓేၙᄲॠᄓࢃڦ႐ၙ݆ई्ย
ᇱ႙֪ऺࣄ
ᅃူే݆ၙڦLjಒሞ၄ํ ิऄዐޏႜڥཚ
߀ే݆ၙڦኮࢫምॠᄓᅃْLjሞኟ ๕ླྀኮമLjጣዘॠᄓဦব
ଚᅃ߲ൣڇLjӝᆶํ၄ే݆ၙڦႴᄲ ۫ڦဇऻۼူઠ
ࠓॺᅃ߲࠲ᇀၙ݆ڦၭఇ႙Ljᆩਸ਼ೌĂኽቧĂओఢĂਏईኁే วՉڦඪࢆ۫ဇۼᅜăኄᄣేณీٗෙྼڦঙၙڦేڟੂ܈ ݆LjԲॠᄓኄ߲ၙ݆ీޏຩ૧ሏႜईኁ࣏ᆶ۴ă
ࠓॺᅃ߲࠲ᇀၙ݆ڦႎఇ႙ăᆯᇀేᅙঢ়݆ၙُܔፔକ߀Lj ၄ሞేᆌቨକ߸ڦܠဦবࢅᇮ໎ႴᄲॠᄓLjੂੂ்ཞօ Ⴀසࢆă
ऄۯĂጨᇸĂටईኁଙLjྺକඟే݆ၙڦፁࠕ၄ํీࠕํแLj Ⴔᄲڦᆶ۫ဇ
ᇜڦేڟణՔᆩࢽ้Ljӝేڦև݆ၙݴቛ๖ઠLj्ጎ்ᅙঢ় ํ၄ăణՔᆩࢽ்ሹኪڢኄၵLjᆼሹ๑ᆩǛేᅜᆩĐঢ়૦ đፕྺኸళઠणݒᆌăᄲփཞڦీႠLj༑ᆶுᆶഄ ڦፔ๚݆ݛă
ምቛ๖ᅃူే݆ၙڦăేᅜᆩĐઢđ߾ਏፕྺኸళLjઠॠ ᄓփཞڦᇮ໎փԵُࢇಆă ምӝᆩঢ়૦ऻူઠLjኄْᄲԲฉْ߸ၘဦăࠤ๚ڦ ᆶօየփۼሏገኟă
ӝే߾ڦፕݣሞࠤ๚ৣ࣍ڦዐLjӝᆩঢ়૦ऻူઠLjඓԍే ுᆶۖඪࢆօየă
घ݀ࢅኧมࣷظႎํڦᆩ߾ਏ
݀ቛLjᆖၚᇑ
ᇑཷׯܓᇵۨࢅݴၛႎޜခၜణ݆ၙڦ
ܘ2013ඇ൰ޜခჟଁᆐ ݀ቛLjᆖၚᇑ
घ݀ࢅኧมࣷظႎํڦᆩ߾ਏ
25
ၙᄲ ֪ᇑ߀ ཚࡗ ߁ຎࢅ ૧ᅮට࠲ڦဣ } ༹ᄓ
֖ᇑೝ
ഔ݀ᇀ Schneider J., Stickdorn M., (2010)Ėኄ৽ยऺາėǖ ᆩࢽኮ୫ࣃքLjҮఛຯ༬چBISӲม Ⴔᄲཞ๚0ཞपࣆܔLjҾಇୁ้क़Lj ీႴᄲᅃཀᅜฉ้क़ཚ૰ྜׯă
घ݀ࢅኧมࣷظႎํڦᆩ߾ਏ
݀ቛLjᆖၚᇑ
घ݀ࢅኧมࣷظႎํڦᆩ߾ਏ
݀ቛLjᆖၚᇑ
25 ༹ᄓ
ူ௬ڦ߭ၠేቛ၄କසࢆۨᅭఫၵᆖၚഄටೠॏే߾ፕڦব ۅĊĊཞ้ᄺԈઔକኄၵবۅپڦ࿚༶ࢅऐᇜăᅃ߲ྜኝڦĐ༹ ᄓđཚࡗׂڦే࠲ڦ॰༬ۅLjॽႹްܠሗڦ႑တ౪ྺᅃቧ ߸ඹᅟڦ߭ă
݀ቛLjᆖၚᇑ
घ݀ࢅኧมࣷظႎํڦᆩ߾ਏ
णᇑే߾ፕ၎࠲ڦට்༹ڦᄓLjᆩኄ߲߭ऻူઠă ቧ߭ܔᆌᅃ࿋ే༌ࡗڦටĊĊፌڦݿ႑တଉྫྫઠጲ ᇀࣷ༌ă
ࡗݡ֑ేړփཞڦඖ༹ĂणକᅃဣଚĐ༹ᄓđኮࢫLjే৽ ᅜܔኄၵՔႜ֮ԲডLjܸٗ݀၄LjܔᇀేޜڦခLjට ்ڦยၙई༹ᄓዐᆶనၵዘް၄ڦ࿚༶ăሏᆩኄ߲߾ਏ๑ڥ ॠᄓ߸ײࡗڦᆶׯၳLjܸ༵ٗืేׂڦڦᆩࢽ༹ᄓă
փৈᄲվጛ்ڦႜྺLjཞ้ᄺᄲվጛ்ۯڦऐࢅፁߌă௬ ܔĐྺ๊đLjᄲᆶᇑĐ๊đᅜतĐሹᄣđ၎ཞ܈ߌ௺ڦă
࠵ִ
༹ᄓӻዺేٗഄටڦঙ߾ڦేځੂ܈ፕLjኄၵටీేڦᆩࢽĂ ٗዐᅮڦටईኁేڦཨጨටăኄ߲߾ਏยူփཞڦୟ০ࢅবۅઠ๖ ට்සࢆߌኪĂথईኁೠॏేፔ߾ڦፕĊĊኄၵටᇑే߾ڦፕׂิ থणڦবۅᆮഄዘᄲăණൣኄၵবۅLjኄၵࢻۯLjీࠕӻዺే ݒາేᇑኄၵටසࢆࢻ၎࠲Ljᄺీඟే߾ڦፕ߸ेᇺă
? සࢆ๑ᆩ
ঞჟ
ኄ๊ ᅜतྺ๊ ႴᄲǛ
ණ๎
࠲॰ᆩ
ࡕ
25 ၙᄲ֪ᇑ߀ ཚࡗ߁ຎࢅ૧ᅮට࠲ڦဣ
༹ᄓ ࠲॰ᆩ
ࡕ
ኄ߲ටሹᄣණ๎ేڦǛDŽԲසࠅ࠲ऄۯLjม༹Ljईኁ੨ܺ၎دDž 0ᅜമᆶ๊၎࠲ঢ়ᄓǛ
ేࢅُටኮक़ਏ༹ڦဣۅ๊Ǜ ࠲॰้ਗ਼ᆶనၵLjԲස༬՚ࡻईኁ༬՚ֶ༹ڦᄓ@
ُටݒઍසࢆǛDŽԲසཚࡗม༹Ljईኁൕ੨ຎDž ݒݛܔઍࡗࢫLjేܓཷڦᆶுᆶ߶ٯแǛ
ঞჟ
࠵ִ
ණ๎
घ݀ࢅኧมࣷظႎํڦᆩ߾ਏ
݀ቛLjᆖၚᇑ
ྺగᅝຍĂยऺࢅ࿔ࣅాࣄ֧ࣷރևᇑྔևऄۯ
݀ቛLjᆖၚᇑ
घ݀ࢅኧมࣷظႎํڦᆩ߾ਏ
26
ၙᄲ ֪ᇑ߀ ཚࡗ ၘຎ்ڦ ሏႜࢅጨᇸ } ઢ
֖ᇑೝ
ഔ݀ᇀ Julier J., Kimbell L. (2012)Ėมࣷยऺڇ݆֓ݛėڼ44ᄻǖઢ
Ⴔᄲཞ๚0ཞपࣆܔLjҾಇୁ้क़Lj ీႴᄲᅃཀᅜฉ้क़ཚ૰ྜׯă
घ݀ࢅኧมࣷظႎํڦᆩ߾ਏ
݀ቛLjᆖၚᇑ
घ݀ࢅኧมࣷظႎํڦᆩ߾ਏ
݀ቛLjᆖၚᇑ
26 ༹ᄓ
ኄ๊ ᅜतྺ๊ ႴᄲǛ ઢ৽ܔᅃ߲ऐࠓሏႜ൧߁ڦબLjԲස࠲॰ऄۯĂׂĂޜခLj ᅜतᇑణՔዚĂ૧ᅮටࢅᅮටኮक़ڪۯࢻڦăઢీࠕӻዺే ඓ၄ᆶڦጨᇸසࢆీࠕዘፇईዘް૧ᆩᅜतႴᄲనၵႎጨᇸLjཞ้ᄺ ీ๑ేକే߾ڦፕీټઠనၵᆖၚăేړࡀࣄईኁ߀ేڦ ߾ፕ้Ljኄ߲߾ਏๆݴዘᄲă
? සࢆ๑ᆩ ేᅜٗူዐڦඪᅪᅃ߭ਸ๔ॺظઢLjኻᄲགࡻేܓཷڦ ᇑᆩࢽईᅮටኮक़ࢻ࠲ڦۯ॰ۅनăཀྵڦब߲پ ేࢅేڦᆩࢽኮक़ࢻۯᄲঢ়૦ڦब߲DŽਸ๔ĂฉĂ ศ๑ᆩĂࢫჄDžăፑՉݛڦሶپᆶڦऄۯLjԈઔྔ ևేᇑኮࢻڦۯටڦऄۯLjᄺԈઔేాܓཷڦևڦऄۯăĐࢻ ۯ၍ୟđሶ๖ྔևऄۯᇑాևऄֶڦۯᅴă ߭ူӷևऻݴሜକܓཷڦేړᇑྔևࢻ้ۯLjཷాܓևྜ ׯକనၵऄۯLjኻ०ںڇ௮ຎຣፔକ๊Ăྺ๊ፔᅜत ்ۼᆩକనၵ߾ਏईဣཥă߭ฉӷևݴሶऻሜକڦేړ ཷܓᇑኮࢻ้ۯLjྔևڦऄۯᆼᆶనၵLjཞᄣںLjᄺ०ڇ ௮ຎຣፔକ๊Ăྺ๊ᅜत்ۼᆩକనၵ߾ਏईဣཥă
གႀ߾ਏ߭ీࠕӻేӝ߾ፕݴ߸ׯၭڦဦবăཚࡗቛ၄Đࢻۯ၍ ୟđLjઢీࠕॽဦবݴဆዘႎࠓࣅăĐࢻۯ၍ୟđీࠕቛ၄ే ڦణՔዚĂᅮටĂഄ૧ᅮටᅜतేڦऐࠓాև߳ݛऄֶڦۯᅴă
ਸ๔
ྔևऄۯ ాևऄۯ घ݀ࢅኧมࣷظႎํڦᆩ߾ਏ
ྜُׯ߭ᅜٝ๑ేາ߾ፕዐ߳ڦዖᇮ໎LjظሰĂࠏཚ ᅜतፌࢫླׂྀڦేईޜခ߳Ⴔᄲ๊ăేᅜᆩُ߾ਏ ઠݴဆူړई࿄ઠڦగᅃ൧ႚăஃనᅃዖLjኄ߲߭ۼ ీӻేՂႴڦጨᇸࢅײႾLjժॽኄၵᇑටईऐࠓဣഐ ઠăጣٗփཞ૧ᅮටڦঙ܈ઠྜׯઢLjཞ้ᇨ்֪ࣷ ᆶనၵऄۯĂࣷ߾ڦేܔፕፕࢆݒᆌă
้क़
ᆩ߾ڦڟਏĂ ईጎዃ
݀ቛLjᆖၚᇑ
ٗፑᆸLjేႴᄲ୯నၵऄۯĂኴႜටई߾ਏܔᇀփཞڦ ፌྺۆ႙ăፔࡻକኄۅLjే৽ీ࠲ܔ॰ऄۯĂႴᄲڦጨ ᇸᅜतԵُኮक़ڦဣႚׯᅃ߲ٷዂڦକă
ට்ፔକ๊Ă ߌਥڟକ๊Ă ኪ๊ڢ ईණྺ๊
ཷׯܓᇵ்ፔକ ๊Ăߌਥڟକ ๊Ăኪ๊ڢ ईණྺ๊ ᆩڦڟኧ߾ਏ ईဣཥ
ฉ
ศ๑ᆩ
ཕኹ
26 ၙᄲ֪ᇑ߀ ཚࡗၘຎ்ڦሏႜࢅጨᇸ
ઢ ้ क़
ਸ๔
ฉ
ศ๑ᆩ
ཕኹ
ྔևऄۯ
ᆩ߾ڦڟਏĂ ईጎዃ
ට்ፔକ๊Ă ߌਥڟକ๊Ă ኪ๊ڢईණྺ๊
ࢻ
ۯ
ୟ
၍
ాևऄۯ
ཷׯܓᇵ்ፔକ๊Ă ߌਥڟକ๊Ă ኪ๊ڢईණྺ๊
ᆩڦڟኧ߾ਏईဣཥ
घ݀ࢅኧมࣷظႎํڦᆩ߾ਏ
݀ቛLjᆖၚᇑ
ӄ ૩ ჺ৯ ᆩ߾ڦڟਏǖঙᄇᅷLj࿚༶হۨLjօ݀ةഗ ፇኯఁǖSBCSOL - INCUBADORA DE EMPREENDIMENTOS SOLIDARIOS ࡔॆǖәဇ ଶᇘǖظᄽหᇑरీ༵ื ঙǖมࣷยऺኁ ဣටǖRENATA MENDES ۉጱᆰၒǖRENATACM@UOL.COM.BR
࠶ઠጲኄᄣᅃ߲ਏᆶᆬ৳૦๏ ںڦ൶Ljኄၵ߾ᅝට்ׂڦ ඐৈৈएํܸإᆩLjժுᆶঢ় ࡗඪࢆׇۙჺă
ᆯ߾অ்ፕڦၑঈ္ྼ
SumaréፖሞԍஆLjᅃፗᆶጣᆬ৳አዎࢅมඖิऄ૦๏ڦă ෙๆമLjĐںሏۯđፇኯሼྺକәဇڦ౫ᄽ߀ܸ߫۷ኛLjኄፗ ৽۷ኛࢅၹᅱڦᅃևݴăሼࢅ࿋ሞSumaréፕၑঈ္ྼ߾ ᅝڦႠ౫௷ᅃഐ߾ፕLjӻዺ்ਸ݀ႎׂڦLjසڨቸĂۈጱĂ ࢈ጱă࠶ઠጲኄᄣᅃ߲ਏᆶᆬ৳૦๏ںڦ൶Ljኄၵ߾ᅝට்ׂڦ ඐৈৈएํܸإᆩLjժுᆶঢ়ࡗඪࢆׇۙჺăᅺُăሞर ຍฉᢕຄLjڍ்ణമׂڦవቴڟၨୟă
ࢇ߾ፕݙڦ࿚༶ۨᅭᇑօ݀ةഗ߾ڦፕ߭LjྺᆌںړཉॲLjᅙঢ়ԥᅳྺںړᇕჾ
݀ቛLjᆖၚᇑ
घ݀ࢅኧมࣷظႎํڦᆩ߾ਏ
ӄ૩ჺ৯
்ྺࢆ๑ᆩ߾ਏǖ ்ਦۨሞׂਸ݀ኮമ৽ăᄺ৽ ຫLjݴဆኄၵႠ߾ᅝටڦॏኵࢅ் ࠤڦ๚ă்ऺࣄᆩኄၵࠤ๚ඁظሰᅃဣ ଚׂLjޯᇎ்ᅃ߲߸ࡻߵڦएᅜߴ ்ቴڦࡻ߸ڟၨୟă்ᄺ࠲ጀኝ߲ࠃᆌ ૾ǖٗᇱଙڦइׂڟئڦ٪Ljᅜඟ ኝ߲ࡗߛे߸ײၳă
ྺକኄၵ߾ᅝටׂิڦरേႜ߸ेဦ ዂݴڦဆࢅೠຎLj்֑ᆩକօ݀ةഗ ߾ਏLjኄ߲߾ਏྺే༵ࠃᅃဣଚٗփཞঙ ੂ܈࿚༶݆ݛڦă
்ॽঙᄇᅷĂ࿚༶হۨᅜतօة ݀ഗ߾ڪਏሏᆩᇀኄْํ७ăံLj ்Ⴔᄲ߾ᅝට்ຎ்ጲमࢅ் ม൶ࠤڦ๚Ljሞ்ُ֑ᆩକ߭ݴဆ ߾ਏ߀ڦՊӲܔኄၵࠤ๚ࢅ૦๏ႜକ ჺ৯ăໜࢫLj்๑ᆩ࿚༶হۨ߾ਏܔ ்ࠤڦ๚ႜց؊Ljेฉ்ණྺԲ ডዷᄲڦ࿚༶ăሏᆩ࿚༶হۨኄᅃ߾ ਏLjॽኄၵৡገՎׯऐᇜă
ኄၵ߾ਏྺఫၵுᆶظᄽঢ় ᄓڦටᆅକĐฆᄽາđ ߁ڦ
்සࢆ๑ᆩ߾ਏǖ
๑ᆩ߾ਏڦࡕǖ
ྺକඟ்ຎጲमLjኄၵ߾ᅝටࣷ ڟᅃ߲ڦހĐԐ࢈đă࿋Ⴀࣷٶ ਸ࢈ጱժ௮ຎ்ሞ௬ቴ۫ڦڟဇă ࢈ጱᆶᅃ௬ጱLjཚࡗઠ๑ኄၵ Ⴀ߸ࡻںኟĂൡ்ུ݆ၙڦĂ߲ට ڦၙࢅरీăໜࢫ்ࣷॽኄၵࡕ ኝݴፇLjժܔፇႜ߭ݴဆă ྺᅃ߲߾ᅝටظۼሰକᅃ߲एᇀ ்௮ຎڦႵెට߭ă்࣏णఫၵ ்ਥڥፆҹ்݀ቛڦ࿚༶Ljժሏᆩ օ݀ةഗ߾ਏઠၙᅃၵႎӸ݆ăཚ ݆ࣷၙܠዘްLj்ᆶ้ᄺࣷӝᅃၵ ࿚༶ंၫLjڍਦݛӄ߲ڦຕᅙঢ়ᇺג ࡗ࿚༶߲ڦຕLjኄ֍๑ྜኝݴڦဆᆶᅪ ᅭăሞኄፗ٩ግඍณՂᄲഗࢅଙ ڦ၄ၡๆݴՓăฯփీٶᆇPDF Ӳ߾ڦਏ߭Ljᅜኻీሞ߾ፕ ᆩ֒ڦኽ༺پLjժॽ்ཌྷሞ็ӱฉă
ኄၵ߾ਏྺఫၵுᆶظᄽঢ়ᄓڦටᆅ କĐฆᄽາđ߁ڦăӻዺఫၵ Ⴀ౫௷்ൣጲमڦາୟLjӻዺ்ྺ ጲमย૬ํํሞሞڦణՔժॽణՔဦ ࣅྺփཞڦਏ༹ႜۯă ُྔLjኄၵ߾ਏྺᅃ߲ටࠃ༵ۼକ० ᅟڦۮᇕჾLjփ࠶்ڦঞᇣԝৠࢅ ߲ටණኪೝසࢆăሞࣃքฉႀڦఫ ၵ࿚༶ڦኸူڞLj்༵କᅃ߲ݥ ॏኵڦం༶Ljኄᄺྺ்ሞഄଶᇘڦ ฆᄽఇ๕༵ࠃକઢԨă
घ݀ࢅኧมࣷظႎํڦᆩ߾ਏ
݀ቛLjᆖၚᇑ
ߵᅮට၄ํิऄዐࠤڦ๚ྺၭܮ႑ٿऐࠓࠓॺᇼৠ
݀ቛLjᆖၚᇑ
घ݀ࢅኧมࣷظႎํڦᆩ߾ਏ
27
ၙᄲ ԍᇑํแ ཚࡗ ߸ࡻں ۙۯᅮටඖ } ᆐၨࠓ
֖ᇑೝ
ഔ݀ᇀ Nesta (2009)Ėظᅪഓᄽ߾ਏԈėዐ߾ڦፕ4aǖᆐၨࠓ
Ⴔᄲཞ๚0ཞपࣆܔLjҾಇୁ้क़Lj ీႴᄲᅃཀᅜฉ้क़ཚ૰ྜׯă
घ݀ࢅኧมࣷظႎํڦᆩ߾ਏ
݀ቛLjᆖၚᇑ
घ݀ࢅኧมࣷظႎํڦᆩ߾ਏ
݀ቛLjᆖၚᇑ
27 ᆐၨࠓ
ኄ๊ ᅜतྺ๊ ႴᄲǛ Đᆐၨđేፔڦ๚ժփጺᅪ࿆ጣॽၨۖăසࡕၨׂేڦፌ ዕణڦLjఫᆐၨࠓॽӻዺేํ၄ኄᅃణڦLjڍཞ้ᆐၨࠓ࣏ᆶഄ ፕᆩLjԲසۨᅭට்සࢆٗփཞঙ܈ႚ߾ేܔׯፕ݆ੂڦĊĊᄺీ ၂ᆖၚኄ߲ࡗ߳ڦײዖऐࣷăኄྺేࣄऺڦኛൽཨጨ࠲ڦ॰߾ਏă ᆐၨࠓ߭ᅜࠓࣅݛڦ๕ӻዺేٗᅮටڦঙ֪܈ే߾ڦፕLjഄዐ ภतڦڟᇮ໎ࣷሞփཞ܈ײฉᆖၚට்߾ేܔፕ݆ੂڦLjӻዺే߸ࡻ ںేړထྭྃᆗ้ܸႴᄲ࠲ጀݛݛڦ௬௬ăేړထྭۙۯᇑే ᅃഐ߾ፕڦට֖ᇑࣄऺڦేڟዐઠ้LjĐᆐၨࠓđ߾ਏᄺๆݴᆶᆩă
݀ቛLjᆖၚᇑ
घ݀ࢅኧมࣷظႎํڦᆩ߾ਏ
? සࢆ๑ᆩ փᄲӝĐᆐၨࠓđ߾ਏړፕك٦ڦฆᄽ߾ਏLjӝړፕᅃ߲ ऐࣷLjඟేٗᅮටڦঙݒ܈າే߾ڦፕă
ేᅜٗགႀඪᅪ߭ጱਸ๔LjுᆶᅃۨຩႾăኻᄲԍኤྜׯ ᅃևݴनLjཞ้փ߀ٴӄLjేڟණྺ்ీ؊ٴ࣮ݴ ᆶ࿚༶ă
ኄॲ߾ਏీӻዺൣ்ڦႴᄲࢅ༹ᄓLjܸٗӻዺేາසࢆ ߀ే၄ሞईৃࢫׂڦă
ׂ
ํा࣍ৣ
ࡗײ
ۅں
ॏ߭
ට
Ⴧد
27 ၙᄲԍᇑํแ ཚࡗ߸ࡻۯۙںᅮටඖ
ᆐၨࠓ
ׂ
ۅں
ॏ߭
௮ຎᅃူ๑߾ڦేڥፕᇑዚփཞڦĐ܀༬ஜۅđLjኄၵஜۅᆌൣည߾ేۅںፕڦ༬ኙࢅࡻت
ට்ీሞనܹথ߾ڦేةፕᅜतට்ሹඁఫ఼ܹǛ
ేٗే߾ڦፕዐܠڟڥณ࣮ԒǛ
ํा࣍ৣ
ࡗײ
ට
Ⴧد
ేڦӸࠅߴేڦᆩࢽĂࠃᆌฆࢅᇵ߾ାူକሹᄣڦᆇၡǛ
ేິࠅڦᆩሹᄣײࡗڦઠװ၄ే߾ڦፕǛ
ేڦనၵᇵ߾ईپ֖ࣷᇑഄዐǛ
ేᆩକనၵݛ๕ඟేڦᆩࢽኪ߾ڦేڢፕǛ
घ݀ࢅኧมࣷظႎํڦᆩ߾ਏ
݀ቛLjᆖၚᇑ
ॺ૬ܠዘᅮට߾ፕୁײᅜՍሞࠅࠌॳဣཥଶᇘ࠲ဣᅜतइڥႎऐᇜ
݀ቛLjᆖၚᇑ
घ݀ࢅኧมࣷظႎํڦᆩ߾ਏ
28
ၙᄲ ԍᇑํแ ཚࡗ ኴႜऺࣄ ܸփླྀࣄऺ } ࠲॰ඪခ
֖ᇑೝ
ഔ݀ᇀ Nesta (2009)Ėظᅪഓᄽ߾ਏԈėዐ߾ڦፕ4bǖ࠲॰ඪခ
Ⴔᄲཞ๚0ཞपࣆܔLjҾಇୁ้क़Lj ీႴᄲᅃཀᅜฉ้क़ཚ૰ྜׯă
घ݀ࢅኧมࣷظႎํڦᆩ߾ਏ
݀ቛLjᆖၚᇑ
घ݀ࢅኧมࣷظႎํڦᆩ߾ਏ
݀ቛLjᆖၚᇑ
28 ࠲॰ඪခ
ኄ๊ ᅜतྺ๊ ႴᄲǛ ࠲॰ඪခీࠕඓԍేऺࣄፔڦሞేᆛᆶ้ڦक़ॐࢅᇨ໙ူํा ႜă܀ేړጲ߾ፕُ้߾ਏݥᆶᆩLjܸేړႴᄲጆጀᇀ߾ፕᇑഄ ටၹፕ้Ljُ߾ਏࣷ၂ྺ߸ڥዘᄲăኄቧీ༵ࠃᅃ߲֖ۅLjܸٗඟ ߲ටీۼໜ้ጕጷ๚൧ቛසࢆLjᄺీࠕඟేጆጀᇀཀྵڦඪခă ๑ᆩኄ߲߾ਏժփవĊĊధᅃ้ۅक़ྜׯLjසࡕేᅺྺཀྵ߾ፕࡗ ܸܠ௬ଣऺࣄԥླྀླڦ၃ईኁڅ႐ၙ݆ڹڟසࢆํแ้Ljኄ߲߾ਏ ᆮഄీࠕ༵ࠃӻዺăڦేړ๚ᄽਸ๔કቧLjేڦඪခԥᅃٷඖටࠌཞ ݴၛ้Ljే৽ࣷထྭ֑ᆩᅃዖ߸ଳऄ߸ጆᄽ࠶ࣄऺڦ߾ਏăĐ࠲॰ ඪခđ৽๑ేཀྵ߾ڦፕਸ๔ڼڦࣅࡀᅃօă
݀ቛLjᆖၚᇑ
घ݀ࢅኧมࣷظႎํڦᆩ߾ਏ
? සࢆ๑ᆩ ӝᆶႴᄲྜڦׯඪခۼଚઠLjԈઔඪခݴದߴକຣĂᇨ໙ ܠณĂপኹන๊้ࢪᅜतፌዕዕኹײႾසࢆă
ऄۯ
ݴದߴ
ᇨ໙
՚څ႐ࡗᇀၘဦăܔ߲ݴದڟඪခڦටۼຫൣؤLjሁၘဦሁ ࡻăేᄺᅜߴփཞঙڦටݴದၘဦڦඪခăܔᇀኄၵ࠲॰ ඪခLjేᆌԍ॔ڦࡀࢅॠֱLjஃටᇵ࣏ᇨ໙ă ᆶೋऺࣄڦႜྺۼՂႷڟڥႹईኁႪኟă
পኹන
ඓණዕኹ
28 ၙᄲԍᇑํแ ཚࡗኴႜऺࣄܸփླྀࣄऺ
ඪခ
࠲॰ඪခ ݴದߴ
ᇨ໙
পኹන
ඓණዕኹ
घ݀ࢅኧมࣷظႎํڦᆩ߾ਏ
݀ቛLjᆖၚᇑ
ถᅃ߲ᆶ࠲࣍ৣူ߷ڦዖํ७ᇑڦ݆ݛฆᄽऺࣄ
݀ቛLjᆖၚᇑ
घ݀ࢅኧมࣷظႎํڦᆩ߾ਏ
29
ၙᄲ ԍᇑํแ ཚࡗ ݀ഐईٷ ߾ڦፕ } ฆᄽऺࣄ
֖ᇑೝ
ഔ݀ᇀ ᆈࡔአު (2013)Ėഐ֥ᅃݻฆᄽऺࣄė
Ⴔᄲཞ๚0ཞपࣆܔLjҾಇୁ้क़Lj ీႴᄲᅃཀᅜฉ้क़ཚ૰ྜׯă
घ݀ࢅኧมࣷظႎํڦᆩ߾ਏ
݀ቛLjᆖၚᇑ
घ݀ࢅኧมࣷظႎํڦᆩ߾ਏ
݀ቛLjᆖၚᇑ
29 ฆᄽऺࣄ
ኄ๊ ᅜतྺ๊ ႴᄲǛ ฆᄽऺࣄ৽ేܔሹᄣፔ߾ፕڦဣཥ௮ຎăኄࣄऺݻႴᄲ׃ే߾ڦፕॽ ਦሹᄣڦ࿚༶ĂኄᅃణՔॽසࢆׯٳᅜतྺ๊ేྜׯኄᅃణՔڦ փܾටăేړຫޜയሞཨጨኁĂඟ்କ்ڦബࣷԥሹᄣ๑ ᆩࢪ้ڦLjฆᄽऺࣄᆮഄዘᄲăऺࣄᆌړԈઔ࠶ܔཷڦܓถĂᆐၨ ऺࣄĂሏᆐࢅ֎ခऺࣄᅜतഄഓᄽՂԢᇮ໎ăኄᅪ࿆ጣऺࣄႴᄲࡥ߃ ᆶཨጨටీߌ႗۫ڦဇLj࣏ᄲᆩ்ੂځ९ݛڦ๕௮ຎઠă
? සࢆ๑ᆩ ُ߭ଚକేሞഐ֥ฆᄽऺࣄ้Ⴔᄲ้ਗ਼ऻዿ࠲ڦ॰ۅă ፌ०݆ݛڦڇံഐ֥ᅃߕٷݻLjࢫփႪ߀ăփᄲഽ൱ ߕٷईኁ৽ߡܾڼĐྜඇኟඓđLjᅺྺీేࣷፔຕْႪ ߀ăሞُࡗײዐLjܔᇀසࢆేܔ݆ၙڦมࣷᆶᅮႜLj ేࣷփ༑ݛڦࡻ߸๕ă ႀฆᄽ߁બ߲ࡻڦਸ܋ăኄԈઔ०ڦڇब߲ǖዷᄲ ၙ݆ĂႴ൱ᅜतྊቛڦׇăথူઠ৽ేڦႜࣄऺۯᅜत
ኴႜጺ
മ௬ᆶ߲߾ਏĐฆᄽఇ๕đ߁ઔକేၙᄲፔ๊DŽᅜतྺ๊ᄲፔ ᅜतሹᄣፔDžLjᇑኮ၎ܔᆌLjฆᄽऺࣄሶٗሏᆐࢅঢ়ष֫௬༵ࠃ߸ܠ ဦবLjᅜຫేॽසࢆॽऺࣄՎྺ၄ํăኄቧࠓࣅڦ߭ీӻዺే ௮ຎేॽ݆ၙڦཚࡗࢆዖႜݛ๕ઠᆖၚมࣷă
घ݀ࢅኧมࣷظႎํڦᆩ߾ਏ
ଷᅃ߲ዘᄲᇮ໎ኴႜጺăኄևݴཚ࿋ᇀऺࣄڦਸཀྵLjڍᆼ ณፌံྜׯăཚڼׯྜᅃߡኮࢫLjႀኴႜጺࣷ߸ඹᅟă ᅃڋฆᄽऺࣄྜׯLjቴၵටӻేੂੂăኄᆶዺᇀٗᅃ߲ႎးڦ ঙ܈ઠლቴేᆶுᆶᅍྮ๊ă
ฆᄽऺࣄ߁બ
ၨࢅᆐၨ
ᇵ߾ࢅ࠶ཷܓ
ሏᆐࢅጨᇸ
ᆯُ ਸ๔
֎ခ
݀ቛLjᆖၚᇑ
ేܓཷڦኴႜُऺࣄڦᆫሞనăړຫޜཨጨටईਘሽ ට้Ljฆᄽऺࣄዐ࠲ڦ॰ۅܔᇀేྺ๊ႴᄲጨূĂጨূॽ සࢆ๑ᆩĂසࢆइ࣮ڥԒၘڦဦຫă
ऺࣄ
29 ၙᄲԍᇑํแ ཚࡗ݀ഐईٷ߾ڦፕ
ฆᄽऺࣄ
ኴႜጺ
֎ခ
ऺࣄ
ฆᄽऺࣄ߁બ
ၨࢅᆐၨ
ᇵ߾ࢅ࠶ཷܓ
ሏᆐࢅጨᇸ
घ݀ࢅኧมࣷظႎํڦᆩ߾ਏ
݀ቛLjᆖၚᇑ
ࣼೖ௷੭ࡀఇࣅڦୟ০
݀ቛLjᆖၚᇑ
घ݀ࢅኧมࣷظႎํڦᆩ߾ਏ
30
ၙᄲ ԍᇑํแ ཞ้ ༑փཞݛ๕ ྊቛࡀఇ } ࡀఇऺࣄ
֖ᇑೝ
ഔ݀ᇀ Ali R., Mulgan G., Halkett R., Sanders B. (2007)ĖཞօᇑޏǖޔኲมࣷظႎڦėLjܘNestaӲ ၙཉॲူLj߸ްሗ߾ڦਏᆌࢾݯ ຕනྜׯăߵ0ڦႠዊLj ฉ֫Ăཞपኮक़ႴᄲၹฆLjᅃอࡗࢫLj ీेᅜႪ߀ၳࡕ߸ॅă
घ݀ࢅኧมࣷظႎํڦᆩ߾ਏ
݀ቛLjᆖၚᇑ
घ݀ࢅኧมࣷظႎํڦᆩ߾ਏ
݀ቛLjᆖၚᇑ
30 ࡀఇऺࣄ
ኄ๊ ᅜतྺ๊ ႴᄲǛ ړᅃ߲ऺࣄईᅃ߲ࠀׯۅሏᆐLjူᅃօ৽ᄲඟࠈ़ࠦׯڥ ࡕժኛൽइࠀׯڦٷ߸ڥăኄᅃօ࠲ڦ॰ሞᇀඟ߾ڦፕీࣳत߸ڦܠ ටăકቧݛڦ๕ᆶႹܠĊĊԲසཚࡗሞփཞںڦᇘްేࣄऺڦLjᇑഄ ፇኯࢇፕྜࠌׯၛऺࣄLjईኁੂే߾ڦፕᄲਦనၵ࿚༶LjࢫӀቷ ኄၵ࿚༶ྷݔڦઠકቧă
? සࢆ๑ᆩ ኄݻᆶዺᇀॺ૬ሞકቛࡗײዐॺ૬ࠌ๎Ljᇨࠚేᅙᆶڦጨ ᇸᅜतేڦፇኯޏᅙঢ়ፔࡻူᅃօڦጚԢăएᇀܔႚ ڦଉLjేీੂܓཷڦేޏᅙঢ়ጚԢࡻકቧăనၵݛ௬Ⴔ ᄲेഽLjనၵݛ௬Ⴔᄲڦܠ߸౮૰ă ኄݻᄺీԥᆩᇀ߾ፕׯܓཷڦᇵฉĂയሞਘዺኁฉĂฯ ᆶᅪၠڦᅮටࢅഄ૧ᅮටวฉăቛ๖କၜႴᄲ ୯࠲ڦ॰ݛ௬LjᅜՍਦۨేڦፇኯޏᅙঢ়ጚԢࡻྊቛăሏ
ᆩ߭ฉڦ࿚༶ઠघ݀߸ྺ࠲॰ĂศࣆܔڦLjܸٗਦۨేܔ ๊ᅙᆶӝ๊ܸ࣏Ⴔᄲᅃօֱۙă ሞྜׯኄݻࢪ้ڦLjీںᆩํाڦຕጴܸփد࿕ፕ ྺᅈăሞࣷᅱኮമणᅃၵُૌᅈཚๆݴᆶӻዺă ీڦԍਸݣĂඇ௬ᅜतጲูڦ႐ༀăٴӄሁဦዂLjేܔ ႚڦକ৽ሁศă
ే࿄ઠڦፇኯ
มࣷཷ༹ሞકቛጲम߾ڦፕ้ཚࣷሦᇜᅃၵǖԍൣည࠲ڦጀۅ DŽԲසॕႠકቛܸփణںڦકቧDžǗฆඒݯᆩࠓࢅ DŽԲසᅈ੍ჄڦܸփᅃْႠڦծईጀጨDžǗॺ૬ᆶၳڦ ࠃႴԲ૩DŽԲසஃኤڦஃLjݯࢾڦ܈Lj௬ၠᇀభڦዚDž ǗᆅଶऐࠓՎ߫DŽԲසᆩኰᄽঢ়ටઠظ༺پ๔ටDžǗስኟඓڦऐ ࠓፇኯႚ๕DŽԲසཚࡗࢇअĂժࠔĂথ࠶Ăई༬Ⴙঢ়ᆐݛڦ๕ઠ કٷፇኯDžăසࡕထྭగ߲ۅሞփ࡞ၳࡕڦ൧ူྜ࠽ླྀׯLjఫ ᆶᅃၵጨᇸՂႷᆩڟăփஃేਦۨሹᄣईࢆ้કቧLjڼᅃօ৽ᄲ ሞڦፇኯాॺ૬ഐࠌ๎ăࡀఇऺࣄ߾ਏኼሞेഽᇑُ၎࠲ాڦևࢅ ྔևටᇵํڦዊႠࣆܔă
ฆᄽఇ๕ ࢅጨূ
࠲॰रຍ
ే၄ሞڦፇኯ
ට૰ࢅ࠶
ํ༹ጨᇸ
ఁำᇑၳࡕ
݀ቛLjᆖၚᇑ
घ݀ࢅኧมࣷظႎํڦᆩ߾ਏ
30 ၙᄲԍᇑํแ ཞ้༑փཞݛ๕ྊቛࡀఇ
ࡀఇऺࣄ
ే࿄ઠڦፇኯ! ฆᄽఇ๕ࢅጨূ ࠲॰रຍ
ޏᆶႜڦฆᄽఇ๕Ǜ
ే၄ᆶڦဣཥईኁࡗࠕీײ߸༹ٷଉڦ ሏፕईᆶકቧీڦ૰Ǜ
ኄዖఇ๕ܔޏࠓႠࢾࢅݯ ᆶൣည࠵ࢢڦӝǛ
ཷܓޏᆶ࠲ᇀፇኯ߀ՎĂሴඪ܈Ă ֎ခࢅरຍڦጆᄽටᇵǛ
ޏᆶ؊ፁڦႴ൱ஃኤǛ ేీᆶၳԍኤࡀٷఇࠃڦᆌǛ
ే၄ሞڦፇኯ ට૰ࢅ࠶ ํ༹ጨᇸ
࠲॰ටᇵڦरీ๊Ǜ
કቧՂႷڦጨᇸޏᅙঢ়ጚԢࡻĂ భᇨ໙ժᅜ੦Ǜ
ኄၵरీీྺፌዕణՔፕ๊ࠋ၅Ǜ ሴඪࢅ࠶ఇ๕Ⴔᄲ߀ՎǛ
ܔᇀࡀٷఇࠃ൱࠲ဣ้ڦऐࠚऺޏടړLj ޏದǛ
ܔᇀፇኯ߀Վᆶൣညڦఇ๕ᅜࠃስǛ ࠶֫ᆶഽ૰࠲ڦጀࢅۅଶڞ૰Ǜ
ఁำᇑၳࡕ ేᆶኤኤే߾ڦፕၳࡕǛ ేڦಈ၄ጒසࢆǛ ేᆶᅜლ൱ӻዺڦኧኁǛ
घ݀ࢅኧมࣷظႎํڦᆩ߾ਏ
݀ቛLjᆖၚᇑ
ӄ ૩ ჺ৯ ๑ᆩ߾ڦਏǖSWOTݴဆĂ࿚༶༱ࢅ࠲॰ඪခ ፇኯǖNQरຍᇲዺࢅኧܓཷ ࡔॆǖᆇ܈ ؑݔǖࠅࠌ࿐ิĂᆐᄢࢅ࿐ิ ঙǖں൶ၜణၹۙ ஏටǖRAVI KOMMURI ۉᆰǖRKOMMURI@MPTAST.ORG
ዐᄕӺ)Madhya Pradesh* ࿋ᇀᆇ܈ዐևLj၎ডᇀࡔॆ ೝೝLjኄڦజᆊຶྨ୲ ၎ܔডߛă ்ᇑ࿐ิևோĂWCDDŽᇑܹཡ݀ቛDž&PHEDDŽࠅࠌ࿐ิ߾ײ ਆDžևோࢇፕLjణՔሞᆇ܈ዐᄕӺ३گMMRDŽሔׂຶྨ୲Dž ĂIMRDŽᆊܹຶྨ୲DžLjᆐᄢփଆࢅTFRDŽጺࢅิᇣ୲Džă்ڦၜ ణኼሞेഽኄ߲ဣཥă MCTSDŽజൕࢅܹཡ߶ጷဣཥDžᅃ߲ྪฉ॔੦ॲLjᆯᆇ܈አުჺ ݀LjణՔ߶ጷٗሔਸ๔ᆊ࡚ᅃዜྺٷኹम༵ࠃईॽ༵ࠃ ߴࣉሔజൕڦփཞޜခăኄዖጕጷܔᇀඓԍޜခዊଉ࠲ዘᄲLjཞ้ ᄺీࠕኸڞ்ࡀࣄܔᇀజᆊຶྨ୲֑ൽٯڦแă ኄ༫߶ጷဣཥධႴᄲ߸߾ܠፕ֍ᅜኈኟํႜă
ࢇፕྜ߾ڦׯਏ߭Ljᆩፕೠࠚཷܓ၄ᆶփፁࢅਖ਼ޜփፁ݆ݛڦ
݀ቛLjᆖၚᇑ
घ݀ࢅኧมࣷظႎํڦᆩ߾ਏ
ӄ૩ჺ৯
்ྺࢆ๑ᆩ߾ਏǖ
்සࢆ๑ᆩ߾ਏǖ
ܓڦᆷࢅᅃݛ௬ཞ้૧ᆩ ՎࣅஃࢅׯᅺLjଷᅃݛ ௬ࢇ֑ᆩSWOTݴဆĂ࿚༶ ༱ࢅ࠲॰ඪခă்ڦణ Քཚࡗዘႎۨᅭᆶሴට ࢅ૧ᅮ၎࠲ኁڦঙĂघऐ ࢅᆌथ֧LjഽࣅMCTTࣅ ॲڦ๑ᆩă்૧ᆩᅃ༫߾ ਏዘႎॠࢅኝࢇ்௬ଣ ڦLjምᆩଷᅃ༫߾ਏቴ യሞׯܓཷڦᇵLjॺ૬ᅃ߲࠲ ॰ୟ০ᅜํแ்ڦਦݛӄă
்ᅜዐᄕӺڦॊәܻܻ൶ ፕྺۅăံLjၠํ߾ں ፕܓĊĊں൶࿐ิ࠳ᇵLjޤዺ ࢺ๗ዺׂ๗DŽANMDžࢅኤڦ มࣷॳዺDŽASHADž߾ፕኁ ኝ߲ऄڦۯణՔă ்༑༪କǖ
๑ᆩ߾ਏڦࡕǖ ்থጣ֑ᆩକSWOTݴဆĂ ࿚༶༱ࢅ࠲॰ඪခ߾ڦਏ ፇࢇă
SWOT ݴဆ ණ๎ཷڦܓഽၜᇑෑၜĂၹዺ ்କ்සࢆፔ֍ీ߸ᆶ ၳ୲ժӻዺට்ྺጲमڦႜ ྺሴă
1. ྺ๊MCTSဣཥྜඇுᆶ! !!߸ႎ
࿚༶༱
2. ֖ᇑڦටඖࢅ்ڦঙ
एᇀኝ߲ཷࢅ๎ࠌڦܓཨLjዘ ႎۨᅭ߲ටڦሴඪă
3. କႴᄲਦኄ࿚༶ڦৡ
࠲॰ඪခ
SWOTݴဆӻዺཷܓॠ்ڦ ഽၜLjӻዺ்କ߲ටࠋڦ၅ සࢆᆖၚཷ߾ڦܓፕLjݒኮᅨ ăኄᄺӻዺ்ยၙକీ ࣷፆҹဣཥຩ૧ሏገڦയሞ ྰၾĊĊኄ்ٗ࿄ၙࡗڦă ࿚༶༱ၹዺ்Ր๎ᅜሞ ߸ႎࢫڦဣཥዐዘႎԥݴಋႎ ඪခĂ้क़ࢅׯजڦയሞܓ ᇵăኄ߲ࡗ֖ײᇑႠๆፁLjᅨ ൽڥᆶথࢅक़থ֖ᇑׯᇵ ๎ࠌڦă
ܔᇀ்ઠຫLjਸ݀ई߀ၜ ణࢅೠࠚࡕׯഋཀྵժڦă ்๑ᆩ࠲॰ඪခॺ૬କᅃ߲ ႎ߸ڦႎޜခဣཥ้ڦक़Ljཞ ้ᄺՔጀକणݒઍ้ڦक़ۅă ܔᇀ߲ۅLj࢚ଉĐᇨࢅํ ाđ߀ڦՎ୯કࡀٷఇമڦ ࠲॰ă࠲॰ඪခӻዺ்ଚ ڦۅዘᄲኙࢅײԘă
ӻዺඓۨႎऺࣄڥᅜํแ้ڦ क़ă
घ݀ࢅኧมࣷظႎํڦᆩ߾ਏ
݀ቛLjᆖၚᇑ
ౕ᭻มࣷظႎ
݀ቛLjᆖၚᇑ
घ݀ࢅኧมࣷظႎํڦᆩ߾ਏ
@
Đ݀ቛLjᆖၚᇑđ߾ਏԈঢ়ࡗጆᄽ ยऺLjᅜ๑ٗᄽටᇵথႜۯăኄ ถ߾ڦਏॺ૬ሞ၄ᆶஃࢅظ ႎĂยऺतᄽခ݀ቛํڦ७ฉڦă!
Ԩቤܔมࣷظႎዷᄲኧዹஃڦ Đౕ᭻đLjܸ߲ዷ༶ց؊၎࠲ ڦ࿔၅؊ፕᅃօለ܁ኮᆩă
घ݀ࢅኧมࣷظႎํڦᆩ߾ਏ
݀ቛLjᆖၚᇑ
01 ظႎ ڦ ሞට்ڦԴူظႎᆶ้ࣷԥ௮ຎׯৎࢭᇀ
࠶ᅃၜኈኟظڦႎۼᅃ߲ᆶ࠲ᇀთ
ఋ݆ᅃᄣײࡗڦăڍӝظႎੂڥห
࣍ᇑཌገްڦሗࠤ๚Ljٷڍևظݴႎۼᄲ
ٱဃڦăظႎณࣷ०ڇईኁᇨ֪
ঢ়ࡗֶփڦܠăኄᄣڦॐӻዺ்
ڦLjኄۅփ्Ljڍසࡕൎ࠵ִ৯৩݀
ሹᄣ๑ၙ݆Վྺ၄ํLjሹᄣጆጀᇀ
ิକ๊Lj்৽ࣷ݀၄ظႎڦጺ༹ࡗײ
ՂႷڦփཞࢅ݆ݛາྼݛ๕ă
ࠓࣅࢅဣཥࣅڦă
݀ቛLjᆖၚᇑ
घ݀ࢅኧมࣷظႎํڦᆩ߾ਏ
߲ǖ ऐᇜᇑ
2
ׂิၙ݆
1
ഄዐԈઔᆶٝ๑߀Վ݀ิ؛ڦ๔ᅺ໎LjԲ සླऐĂႎڦኤࢅଳߌڪڪăኄᅜኸ ኑగᅃ࿚༶ߵڦԨᇱᅺLjईՐ๎ႎڦ Վࣅᅜټઠڦऐᇜă!
ׂิၙ݆ ేᅃਸ๔ၙڦዷᅪٷևۼݴփ࠶ᆩăڍኻ ᆶཚࡗኄ߲փׂิၙ݆ڟڥీ֍ేײࡗڦ గዖघईՎ߫Ⴀࡕׯڦăሏᆩዮසยऺኮૌ ظڦሰႠ݆ݛᅜሺेઠᇸփཞڦਦݛӄă
3
׃ᆯ ሞే७ႜే݆ၙڦኮമLjేႴᄲኤ ඓํ࠶ᆩԲ၄٪ࡻ߸݆ݛڦăॺ૬ඓረڦ ኤᅜኧ݆ၙڦేժںํᇑටݴၛă
ሺᇑકቛ
ਸ݀ᇑ֪
׃ᆯ
4
ਸ݀ᇑ֪ ႎၙ݆ጺࣷᅮᇀഽଜ಼ڦೠăၙ݆ཚ ࡗڥ֍ײࡗڦٱᅜዘްࢅेഽăৈৈ ᅃူႎၙ݆ईཚࡗ߸ྺჹ߭ڦᇱ႙֪ ࢅໜऐ੦ํᄓनํ၄ኄᅃۅă
߀Վ༹ဣ
ऐᇜᇑ
7
6
ᇑํแ
5
ᇑํแ
߀Վ༹ဣ
ኄᅃਦݛӄྺׯනํ७ࢪ้ڦă ኄᅃႴᄲݴՐ๊࠶ᆩLj๊փ࠶ᆩLj ࣏ᄲԍኤᅃۨڦLjᅜሺഽ֎ڦခ ჄႠLjླྀظۯႎၠമ݀ቛă!
ဣཥႠظڦႎᅜሰፌڦٷมࣷᆖၚăဣཥ ႠظႎཚႴᄲࡥ߃ࠅࠌࢅຳටଶᇘڦ ՎࣅLjᅜतܠዖᇮ໎तႎາྼݛ๕ۯࢻڦă
߸ܠᆶ࠲ᆶ࠲ظႎڦለ܁ଙǖ • Caulier-Grice J., Mulgan G., Murray R., (2010) Open Book of Social Innovation. London, The Young Foundation, Nesta & The Lab. ሞ၍ለ܁ǖhttp:// www.nesta.org.uk/library/documents/Social_Innova-
ሺᇑકቛ ሞኄ߲ᆶᅃဣଚಢᇣᇑકොظႎ֧ڦLj ٗऐࠓકቧڟႹࢅ༬Ⴙঢ়ᆐăׯ ྺఇܔݠၡईኁଳߌᇸආᄺᆶዺᇀ๑గዖၙ ݆ईํ७ᅜ߸ᆶऐ߸ᆌႠݛڦ๕કቛă
tor_020310.pdf • Nesta (2013) ሞ၍ለ܁ǖhttp://www.nesta.org. uk/develop-your-skills
घ݀ࢅኧมࣷظႎํڦᆩ߾ਏ
݀ቛLjᆖၚᇑ
02 ሏ ᆩ ኤ ٗేڦၜణᅃਸ๔৽ᄲᆶᅃ߲ॺ૬ኤऺڦ
ၜణڦኴႜࢅਦ֧ࡗײዐLjጲܸںሏᆩ
ࣄăᆶظڦႎ֖ᇑኁĂዷ࠶࠳ᇵĂޜခڦ
ኤLjኄᆌྺׯኝ߲ཷڦܓཚႜፔ݆ăփ
ᆩࢽᅜतཨጨኁۼႴᄲኤᅜՍକ்
ৈৈే၄ᆶၜణڦኤǖକࡗඁፔڦ
ਸ݀Ăࠔசईཨጨׂڦईޜခิׂޏ
๚൧Ljକ߸࠽ాྷݔڦᆶၳڦፔ݆ࣷ๑ڥ
କओटڦၳࡕăሞዮසᅅଐኄᄣڦଶᇘLjܔ
ೠࠚࢅްࠀׯՎे߸ڥඹᅟăথူઠڦᅃ
ኤڦሏᆩ߸ྺ९Ljᄺీ༵ࠃ߸ܠᆶڦ
ᄻNestaਸ݀ڦᅃॲํᆩॐLjኄᅃ
ბသऐࣷăۨဣཥႠںॠኤڦዷᄲ
ॐࣷߢ໕ేሞኴႜၜణࡗײዐLjేႴᄲᅈ
ᆫ৽ۅኄᄣፔᅜӻዺ்߸ᆶၳں๑ᆩ
փཞڦՔጚጣ૰ࠓॺనၵኤLjܸٗኤే
ຕई႑တઠॠᄓ्ยLjჄ߀Ljժظሰ
߾ڦፕඓํݥཞݐၚă
ྺ߸৳ڦၳࡕă
݀ቛLjᆖၚᇑ
घ݀ࢅኧมࣷظႎํڦᆩ߾ਏ
1 ௮ຎၳࡕ ൣည௮ຎႎڦई߀ࡗׂڦईޜခీፔ๊ Ă்සࢆᆖၚేྭڦࡕᅜतྺ๊ ்ీ߀၄ሞڦጒă
ኤ ْ ֫ڦ
ْ߲֫;
࠵ִׂڟईޜခܔᆩࢽׂิକओटڦᆖၚLj ڍ࣏փඓ๊ۨᅺ໎ڞዂକኄᅃۅăే ᅜፔ๚മࢅ๚ࢫֱۙڦೠࠚLjईၭፇ༪ஃ ჺ৯ă
3 ᅺࡕ ॺ૬ኤઠኤׂईޜခඓํܔᆩࢽׂิ କओटᆖၚă୯සࢆཚࡗໜऐስܔڦቷ ፇઠݴׂईޜခڦၳᆌLjܸٗሺഽే ڦኤएإă
සࢆิׯኤ
2 ၎࠲Ⴀ
4 ܀૬ዘް ׂܔईޜခڦओटࡕፔ܀૬ᄓኤLjణ ڦሞഄݛںᅜࢇׯڦԨᄺీํ၄ኄᅃ ओटၳᆌLjԲසӀቷฆᄽՔጚईኁႜᄽڦՔ ߇ઠຫă
1
2
ేᆌࠕీړዺ ၄ᆶڦຕࢅഄ ઠᇸڦჺ৯ઠ ጲमྜׯኄᅃօ ăॺࠓᅃၜᆶ࠲ Վࣅڦஃᆌړ ᅜӻዺేᅜᅃ ዖஇडࢅڦമࢫ ᅃዂݛڦ๕௮ຎ ేፔڦ๚ॽࣷ සࢆׂิే߁ ຎڦၳࡕă
ሞኄᅃLjຕ ᅜਸ๔ቛ๖ ేظڦႎڦၳᆌ Ljڍీփࣷ ቛ๖থڦᅺ ࡕ࠲ဣăႹܠሞ മᅃ߲ዷ༶ዐ߁ ຎ݆ࣷݛڦᆶ ӻዺLjԲසሞ߅ ᇨമࢅ߅ᇨࢫई ሞ߅ᇨक़ܔ ֖ᇑኁፔᅃၵ߸ ྺࠓࣅֱۙڦ ă
ేᅜᅜஇडڦ Ăമࢫᅃዂڦ ସට႑ݛڦޜ๕ ௮ຎేፔڦ๚ ᅜतኄॲ๚ྺ๊ ዘᄲ
ేइൽକओ टՎࣅڦຕLj ేڍփీඓۨ ኄዖՎࣅᇸᇀే ߅ڦᇨ
3
ేᅜᇲᆅܔቷ ፇईԲডፇઠ ቛ๖ᅺࡕႠ
ྺକຫᅺࡕႠLj ేႴᄲቛ๖ኤLj ే߅ᇨܔڦၡ ݀ิକ๊Ljُྔ ే࣏Ⴔᄲቛ๖ኤ ᅃ߲၎ຼڍඐ ுᆶ߅ڟᇨڦၭ ፇDŽܔྺቷፇDž ݀ิକ๊ăໜऐ ኄଇፇ֖ڦᇑ ኁᅜሺഽኤڦ ຫޜ૰LjేႴᄲᅃ ߲ፁࠕڦٷᄣԨઠ ඓԍࡕ႑ă
4
5
ేᆌړยऺᅃၜ ࿘ॳ܀ڦ૬ೠࠚ Ljቛ๖ࢅᄓኤే ظڦႎྺࢆࢅස ࢆׂิᆖၚăే ࣏ᅜཚࡗฆᄽ ՔጚĂႜᄽՔ߇ ईૌຼ۫ڦဇઠ इڥණă
ేႴᄲቛ๖ేڦ ׂईޜခᅜ ᆯഄටĂሞഄ ࠃ༵ݛںLjධ ࣷჄܔࡕׂ ิओटথڦᆖ ၚLjժሞ֎ခ ฉႜăוጣኄ ߲ణՔLjేᅜ ੵܠዘ൧ৠઠፔ ೠࠚLjܸٗॠᄓ ൶࿋ኮक़ํ७ᇑ ࡕڦጚඓ܈ă
ేᆶᅃၜईܠၜ ᅜඓኤేڦ ஃժയሞںዘ ްే܀ڦࡕׯڦ ૬ೠࠚ
ేᆶ֩Ăဣཥ ࢅօየઠኧࢅ ඓԍظڦేܔႎ ڦ႑ዘް
5 કቛ
߸ܠᆶ࠲ኤڦለ܁ଙ;
๑ᆩْܠዘްೠࠚई࿄ઠ൧ৠݴဆኄᄣݛڦ ݆ઠࠓॺൣညঢ়ڥഐᄓڦኤ༹ဣLjٗ ܸኤేׂڦईޜခీሞփཞิׂݛںڦ ཞᄣഽٷओटڦၳࡕLjܸሞُक़֎ခฉᄺ ႜڦă
• Puttick R. (2011) Ten Steps to Transform the Use of Evidence. London, Nesta. Available online from:http://www.nesta. org.uk/library/documents/TenStepsBlog.pdf • Ludlow J., Puttick R. (2012) Standards of Evidence. London, Nesta. Available online from:http://www.nesta.org.uk/ publications/nesta-standards-evidence • Mulgan G., Puttick R. (2013) Making Evidence Useful: The Case for New Institutions. London, Nesta. Available online from: http://www.nesta.org.uk/library/documents/MakingEvidenceUseful.pdf • DfID : Department for International Development (2013) How to note. London, Dfid. Available online from: http://bit.ly/ dfid-evidence • BOND for International Development (2013) Evidence Principles. London, BOND. Available online from: http://www. bond.org.uk/effectiveness/principles#download घ݀ࢅኧมࣷظႎํڦᆩ߾ਏ
݀ቛLjᆖၚᇑ
03 ક ቧ ኄ߲߁ॽظႎۅၜణჽฦ߸ڦܠ
ྺକਦۨᅃ߲ၜణޏᅙঢ়ጚԢࡻકቧժٳ
࿀ظڦٷႎੂኮူీࣷࡗᇀघăڍ
ዚLjᅺُሁઠሁڟڥںܠዘăકቧᆶ
ڦݘ࠽߸ڟᆖၚLjቴڟႜڦᅺ໎ժॽ்
ጮဦჺ৯ᅜੂઠ்ۼᆯᅃၭ
ܠዖ০ǖԈઔሞփཞݛںڦዘްኮമڦ
ຩླྀںူڟᅃ࠲ዘᄲڦăཚࡗ
օॺ૬ഐઠܸકࡀٷఇڦăሞ၂ྲူ
out of sync: The challenge of growing social innova-
ၙ݆Ljईࢅփཞڦፇኯࢇፕժॺ૬ႜڦ
ᆶၳႴ൱ࢅᆶၳࠃߴઠາኄᅃ࿚༶ᅃ߲
ᅃ߲ظႎڦᅜԥྺׯٷݣᅃ߲
tions. London, Nesta. Available online from:http://www.
ࢇፕ࠲ဣă
ࡻ݆ݛă૩සLjޏᆶටᇼᅪྺేܸ݆ၙڦ
Đྲ႙அฉืđײࡗڦLjܸᅃ߲ظႎ
• Cooley L., Kohl R. (2006) Scaling Up - From Vision to
ബǛే݆ၙڦޏႜLjժԲഄၙ݆߸
ၜణۼీྺକኧኝ߲ظႎײࡗڦă
Large-scale Change: A Management Framework for
घ݀ࢅኧมࣷظႎํڦᆩ߾ਏ
• Ali R., Mulgan G., Halkett R., Sanders B. (2007) In and
nesta.org.uk/publications/and-out-sync
ࡻǛबࢭᆶมࣷظႎၜణڦકቧۼႴᄲሺ
Practitioners. Washington, Management Systems Insti-
ेᆶၳࠃߴࢅᆶၳႴ൱Ljڍన߲ံሺेࣷ
tute, John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation.
ٷٷᆖၚే֧ڦă
݀ቛLjᆖၚᇑ
߸ܠᆶ࠲કቧڦለ܁ଙ;
Available online from: http://www.msiworldwide.com/ wp-content/uploads/Scaling-Up-Framework.pdf
04 ဣ ཥ າ ྼ Đဣཥđኄَ߲ኸڦ்มࣷࢅঢ়षዐ
ဣཥາྼॽփཞᇮ໎ࢅظႎබࢇሞᅃഐᅜ
ްሗժࢻ၎ᅈ٪ڦएإยแĂࡀۨࢅࠓ
ڟٳᅃ߲ࠌཞڦణՔă߲ڇፇኯबࢭփ
ఇ๕ăᅃև߀ڦݴՎీࣷᆖၚഄݛ
ీᆛᆶظሰٷՎ߫Ⴔڦᆶरీࢅጨ
௬Ljᅜްሗڦ࿚༶৽Ⴔᄲኝ߲ဣཥ֫௬
ᇸăኄᅪ࿆ጣᅜဣཥႠ߀Վྺࡕظڦႎ
ڦՎࣅࢅظႎă
ጺӵໜጣࢇअටĂࠃᆌݴࢅݛၨݛኮक़
߸ܠᆶ࠲ဣཥາྼڦለ܁ଙ; • Leadbeater C., Mulgan G. (2013) Systems Innovation Discussion Paper. London, Nesta. Available online from: http:// www.nesta.org.uk/library/documents/Systemsinnovationv8.pdf • Seddon J. (2013) Systems failure and Systems thinking. London, Nesta. Available online from: http://www.nesta.org.uk/ blogs/systemic_innovation_a_discussion_series/systems_failure_and_systems_thinking
ڦLjኄᄣڦᅜཚࡗྪஏĂਓૂ ևĂੰࢅ݀ቛऐࠓઠኧă
घ݀ࢅኧมࣷظႎํڦᆩ߾ਏ
݀ቛLjᆖၚᇑ
࠲॰ ଳ ߌ ઠᇸ 01 ظႎୁײ
03 SWOT ݴဆ!
07 ༹ ᄓ ኮ ୫
11 ට࠵ִ
Nesta (2013) Innovation Flowchart. Available
MindTools (1996) SWOT Analysis. Available online
Design Council (2011) Service Safari. In: Keeping
Lovlie L.,Reason B.,Polaine A. (2013) Service Design:
online from: http://www.nesta.org.uk/publications/
from: http://www.mindtools.com/pages/article/
Connected Design Challenge. Available online from:
From Insight to Implementation. p54-p57. Rosenfeld
innovation-flowchart
newTMC_05.htm
https://www.hvcollege.com/documents/technology/
Media
02 თኤऺࣄ
04 ฆ ᄽ ఇ ๕
Nesta (2009) Worksheet 2b: Evidence Modelling.
Osterwalder A., Pigneur Y (2010) Business Model
08 ࿚ ༶ হ ۨ!
IDEO, Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation (2012)
In: Creative Enterprise Toolkit. Available online from:
Generation. Available online from: http://www.
Julier J., Kimbell L. (2012) Problem Definition. p30.
Develop an interview approach p58. In: Human
http://www.nesta.org.uk/publications/creative-
businessmodelgeneration.com/downloads/business_
In: The Social Design Methods Menu. Available online
Centred Design Toolkit. Available online from: http://
enterprise-toolkit
model_canvas_poster.pdf
from: http://www.lucykimbell.com/stuff/Fieldstudio_
www.hcdconnect.org/methods/interview-techniques
ServiceSafariActivity.pdf 12 ௬༌ኸళ
SocialDesignMethodsMenu.pdf 05 ࠓ ॺ अ ӵ ࠲ ဣ
13 ࿚༶༱
Tennyson R. (2003) 12 Phases in the Partnering
09 ׯᅺ
Teachers College Columbia University (2012)
Process, p4. In: The Partnering Toolbook. Available
Namahn and Yellow Window Service Design,
Question. In: Social Innovation Toolkit. Available
online from: http://www.toolkitsportdevelopment.org/
Design Flanders (2012) Cause Diagram. In: Service
online from: http://www.socialinnovationtoolkit.com/
html/resources/E1/E1585B25-8A8A-44A9-BC6C-
design toolkit. Available online from: http://www.
question.html
F519987AD2CE/pt-en.pdf
servicedesigntoolkit.org/assets/posters/workposter_ causediagram_a1.pdf
06 თ ࣍ ბ သ!
݀ቛLjᆖၚᇑ
घ݀ࢅኧมࣷظႎํڦᆩ߾ਏ
14 ࠤ๚๘হ Julier J., Kimbell L. (2012) Storyworld. p24. In:
IDEO (2011) Deliver: Create a learning plan, p145.
10 Վ ࣅ ஃ
The Social Design Methods Menu. Available online
In: IDEO, Human Centered Design Toolkit. Edition - 2.
Nesta (2011) Theory of Change. Available online
from: http://www.lucykimbell.com/stuff/Fieldstudio_
London: IDEO. Available online from: http://www.ideo.
from: http://www.nesta.org.uk/library/documents/
SocialDesignMethodsMenu.pdf
com/work/human-centered-design-toolkit/
TheoryOfChangeDiagram_Editable.pdf
15 ට࠲ဣ
19 ظᅪ ߾ ݙ
23 օ ݀ ةഗ
27 ᆐၨࠓ
Namahn and Yellow Window Service Design, Design
Lovlie L.,Reason B.,Polaine A. (2013) Service Design:
Eberle, B (1997) Scamper Worksheet. USA: Prufrock
Nesta (2009) Worksheet 4a: Marketing Mix. In:
Flanders (2012) Stakeholder Mapping. In: Service
From Insight to Implementation. p60. Rosenfeld
Press. Available online from: http://bmgi.org/tools-
Creative Enterprise Toolkit. Available online from:
design toolkit. Available online from: http://www.
Media
templates/scamper-worksheet
http://www.nesta.org.uk/publications/creative-
20 ظᅪ ݀ ิ ഗ
24 ᇱ ႙ ֪ ݛӄ
enterprise-toolkit
servicedesigntoolkit.org/assets/posters/workposter_ stakeholdermapping_a1.pdf
Nesta (2013) Fast Idea Generator. Available online
Nesta (2011) Prototyping in Public Spaces. Available
28 ࠲॰ඪခ
16 ణՔටඖ
from: http://www.nesta.org.uk/publications/fast-idea-
online from: http://www.nesta.org.uk/publications/
Nesta (2009) Worksheet 4b: Critical Marketing
Nesta (2009) Worksheet 3a: Your Customers. In:
generator
prototyping-public-services
Tasks. In: Creative Enterprise Toolkit. Available online
http://www.nesta.org.uk/publications/creative-
21 າ ஷ
25 ༹ ᄓ
enterprise-toolkit
de Bono, E. (1985) Six Thinking Hats. USA: Little,
Schneider J., Stickdorn M., (2010)The Customer
Brown and Company. Available online from: http://
Journey Canvas. In: This is Service Design Thinking.
29 ฆᄽऺࣄ
www.debonogroup.com/six_thinking_hats.php
Amsterdam: BIS Publishers. Available online from:
Gov.uk (2013) Write a Business Plan. Available online
http://files.thisisservicedesignthinking.com/tisdt_
from: https://www.gov.uk/write-business-plan
from: http://www.nesta.org.uk/publications/creative-
Creative Enterprise Toolkit. Available online from:
17 ටႚၡ Business Design Toolkit (2010) Personas. Available online from: http://www.businessdesigntools.
22 ॏ ኵ ୁ ॺ ࠓ ײ
com/2011/12/personas/
Nesta (2009) Worksheet 2a: Your Values. In: Creative
18 ౷ᇑയዊ
enterprise-toolkit
cujoca.pdf 30 ࡀఇऺࣄ
Enterprise Toolkit. Available online from: http://www.
26 ઢ
nesta.org.uk/publications/creative-enterprise-toolkit
Julier J., Kimbell L. (2012) Blueprint. p44. In: The
IDEO (2011) Deliver: Plan a pipeline of solutions,
Social Design Methods Menu. Available online from:
p135. In: IDEO, Human Centered Design Toolkit.
http://www.lucykimbell.com/stuff/Fieldstudio_
Edition - 2. London: IDEO. Available online from:
SocialDesignMethodsMenu.pdf
http://www.nesta.org.uk/publications/and-out-sync
http://www.ideo.com/work/human-centered-designtoolkit/
घ݀ࢅኧมࣷظႎํڦᆩ߾ਏ
݀ቛLjᆖၚᇑ
ጨᇸ ླྀ ४ Ӳ 1. Aid on the Edge of Chaos Ben Ramalingam 2. Dead Aid Dambisa Moyo 3. Poor Economics: A Radical Rethinking of the Way to Fight Global Poverty Esther Duflo & Abhijit Banerjee
8. UNDP: Financing for Development
11. Open Book of Social Innovation
14. China's Absorptive State: Innovation and
http://www.undp.org/content/dam/undp/library/
Robin Murray, Julie Caulier-Grice,
research in China
Poverty%20Reduction/Development%20
Geoff Mulgan
Nesta (Kirsten Bound, Tom Saunders, James
Cooperation%20and%20Finance/
http://www.nesta.org.uk/publications/open-book-
Wilsdon and Jonathan Adams) http://www.nesta.
social-innovation
org.uk/publications/chinas-absorptive-state-
InnovativeFinancing_Web%20ver.pdf 9. World Bank: Innovation Policy - A Guide for
12. In and out of sync
innovation-and-research-china
Developing Countries
Nesta (Geoff Mulgan with Rushanara Ali, Richard
https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/bitstream/
Halkett and Ben Sanders)
and the Future of Capitalism
handle/10986/2460/548930PUB0EPI11C10Disl
http://www.nesta.org.uk/publications/and-out-
Nesta (Nesta (Francesca Bria)
Muhamad Yunus
osed061312010.pdf?sequence=1
sync
http://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/
4. Creating a World without poverty: Social Business
5. More Than Good Intentions: Improving the Ways
10. OECD: Innovation for Development
13. Our Frugal Future: Lessons from India's
15. The Digital Social Innovation Report
digitalsocialinnovation/attachments/52eb
Innovation system
bc3a72b09eaa31000001/DSI-report_(2).
Stay Healthy
Nesta (Kirsten Bound & Ian Thornton) http://
pdf?1391180858
Dean Karlan & Jacob Appel
www.nesta.org.uk/publications/our-frugal-future-
the World's Poor Borrow, Save, Farm, Learn, and
6. The Power of Positive Deviance Richard Pascale, Jerry Sternin & Monique Sternin 7. Scaling Up – From Vision to Large-scale change: A Management Framework for Practitioners Larry Cooley and Richard Kohl
݀ቛLjᆖၚᇑ
घ݀ࢅኧมࣷظႎํڦᆩ߾ਏ
http://www.oecd.org/sti/inno/50586251.pdf
lessons-india%C2%92s-innovation-system
ྪበ
߾ਏԈ
ྪஏ
ձਜ਼
1. World Bank Institute
1. IDEO HCD toolkit
1. Social Innovation Exchange (SIX)
1. Poverty Matters
http://wbi.worldbank.org/wbi/
http://www.ideo.com/work/human-centered-
(also see World Bank Challenge Platform
design-toolkit/
https://wbchallenge.imaginatik.com/, World Bank Development Marketplace http://
http://www.socialinnovationexchange.org/
development/poverty-matters 2. Alliance for Useful Evidence
2. Project Innovation
wbi.worldbank.org/wbdm/,
http://www.socialinnovationtoolkit.com/home.
Innovative Solutions http://wbi.worldbank.org/
html
wbi/approach/innovation)
http://www.alliance4usefulevidence.org/
http://chrisblattman.com/
3. UNICEF Innovation Labs – A Do-It-Yourself Guide http://www.unicefinnovationlabs.org/
http://www.wikiprogress.org/index.php/
http://policy-practice.oxfam.org.uk/
http://oxfamblogs.org/fp2p/ http://arduino.cc/
http://findingwhatworks.org/
4. DFID Bloggers http://blogs.dfid.gov.uk/
5. D-Lab: International Development Innovation Network
5. +Acumen
3. From Poverty to Power
4. Arduino
4. Finding What Works
3. Oxfam Policy & Practice
2. Chris Blattman
3. Smart Citizen http://forum.smartcitizen.me/
2. OECD Wikiprogress Wikiprogress.org:About
http://www.theguardian.com/global-
http://d-lab.mit.edu/idin)
5. ODI Opinion http://www.odi.org.uk/opinion
http://plusacumen.org/ 4. ODI Publications http://www.odi.org.uk/publications
6. Random Hacks of Kindness 6. Business Model Canvas
http://www.rhok.org/
http://www.businessmodelgeneration.com/ 5. Abdul Latif Jameel Poverty Action Lab http://www.povertyactionlab.org/about-j-pal
canvas
घ݀ࢅኧมࣷظႎํڦᆩ߾ਏ
݀ቛLjᆖၚᇑ
WWW.DIYTOOLKIT.ORG
Development Impact & You
݀ቛLjᆖၚᇑ घ݀ࢅኧมࣷظႎํڦᆩ߾ਏ
Development Impact & You
PRACTICAL TOOLS TO TRIGGER & SUPPORT SOCIAL INNOVATION