United Nations Development Programme South Sudan
2016
Empowered lives. Resilient nations.
“
What should define this country are the dreams, the hopes and the aspirations that South Sudanese have for themselves and their beloved nation. As South Sudan dreams of a better future, I want to assure you that we are in this together. If indeed peace, recovery and sustainable development is what you desire, you will find in the United Nations a committed and enduring partner� Eugene Owusu Deputy Special Representative of the UN Secretary-General, Resident and Humanitarian Coordinator, and United Nations Development Programme Resident Representative to South Sudan
CONTENTS
02
Contents
04 Foreword from the Resident Representative
16 PILLAR 1: More resilient communities and reinvigorated economies
32 Community Security and Small Arms Control
54 South Sudan Humanitarian Fund
06 Preface from the Country Director
18 Inclusive Growth, Livelihoods and Trade Capacity Development
38 Democracy and Participation
57 UNDP and the UN System
07 Introduction
20 SPOTLIGHT: Development Policy Leadership
40 Public Financial Management
58 Resources and Partnership, Government Relations
UNDP SOUTH SUDAN ANNUAL REPORT 2016
CONTENTS
03
10 UNDP South Sudan in Context
22 Environmental Protection, Climate Change Adaptation and Renewable Energy
44
Access to Justice and Rule of Law
59 Partners and Donors
12 Key Results & Highlights
26 Strengthening Health Systems and Fighting AIDS and TB
48 Support to Public Administration
14 South Sudan Map: UNDP Presence
30 PILLAR 2: Strengthened peace and governance
52 SPOTLIGHT: Gender Equality & Women’s Empowerment
Acronyms 62 End-notes 63 Credits 63 Gallery 64
Empowered lives. Resilient nations.
UNDP SOUTH SUDAN ANNUAL REPORT 2016
04
FOREWORD
Foreword from the Resident Representative
For a citizen in South Sudan, in 2016 dayto-day life meant facing persistent and high inflation, regular fuel shortages, rising food costs, shortages and lack of access to critical public services. This has been further compounded by heightened insecurity, inter-community competition over resources, and crimes driven by the economic desperation. These harsh realities were especially felt in the development context.
2016
started with many positive developments for South Sudan from the peaceful formation of the Transitional Government of National Unity (TGoNU) to the temporary cessation of hostilities. However, the eruption of violence in Juba in July brought a setback to the implementation of the Agreement on the Resolution of the Conflict in the Republic of South Sudan (ARCSS). This unfortunate and unproductive turn of events has substantial economic and human tolls, negatively compounding the enormous development and humanitarian challenges facing the world’s newest state. Despite these prevailing challenges resulting from recent events, UNDP, as part of the United Nations Country Team (UNCT), has remained steadfast in supporting the people of South Sudan in moving forward with catalytic interventions that help to build a durable peace and a sustainable development pathway.
UNDP jointly with UNICEF, FAO, and WFP has championed a balanced approach to addressing immediate needs, building on a humanitarian-development nexus and in line with the outcomes of the World Humanitarian Summit and as enshrined in the UN Secretary-General’s thrust on ‘a new way of working’. UNDP believes that this new balanced approach marks a turning point and lies at the very heart of rebuilding South Sudan. We must not only hand out lifesaving kits, but also must build resilient communities, restore hope and dignity and support the transformational development that enables the people of South Sudan to regain control over their destiny. Support must also be given to the people must also seek to strengthen unity, community social cohesion, and build on homegrown resolutions to solve intra- and inter-community disputes. To achieve and fulfill these results, we must invest in critical enablers to build the right
UNDP SOUTH SUDAN ANNUAL REPORT 2016
FOREWORD
05
capacities, as well as facilitate appropriate political, administrative and operational environments and build enabling partnerships to deliver on this shared vision. This is the compass by which UNDP oriented its interventions in 2016, and which will continue to guide its investments in the development potential of communities and people moving forward.
complemented the inaugural Diagnostic Trade Integration Study for South Sudan. Both reports were envisioned as evidencebased analytical knowledge products to inform a new national development narrative, in order to work towards creating a flourishing environment of shared prosperity and enlarged opportunities for citizens of this young nation. The key finding
There can be no prosperity without peace and no peace without development South Sudan faces significant challenges ahead. The measurable progress documented in this report proves that in all circumstances, UNDP remains committed to pursuing critical work needed to reorient the country towards recovery and stabilisation. Among other fundamental initiatives, UNDP continues to retain its niche in knowledge and thought leadership. In 2016, UNDP worked alongside its government counterparts to launch the country’s first-ever National Human Development Report, under the theme “People, Peace, and Prosperity”. The National Human Development Report
of both reports became our core mantra: “There can be no prosperity without peace and no peace without development” – because the future that South Sudan wants cannot be secured through hand-outs and humanitarian action alone.
Eugene Owusu Deputy Special Representative to the Secretary-General, UN Resident and Humanitarian Coordinator and UNDP Resident Representative
UNDP SOUTH SUDAN ANNUAL REPORT 2016
06
PREFACE
Preface from the Country Director
IN
this report, I am proud to share with you our significant achievements and perspectives encountered over the past year in pursuit of sustainable development pathways in South Sudan. As we look back at 2016, we must confront the reality that South Sudan is rife with multiple crises, conflict-linked development challenges and related operational constraints. This reality equally demands that we remain committed and push ahead with renewed zeal towards progress and improved wellbeing for the public good. Despite the challenges presented in 2016, the Country Office stayed and delivered the vast majority of its development resources allocated for the year. UNDP’s ability to deliver is a testament to the high caliber and commitment of its programme and operations teams as well as the dedication of our partners, who are motivated by their desire to serve and improve the lives of the most vulnerable in the country. Together we are striving to realise the vision of South Sudan where there are options and opportunities for everyone.
Looking forward to 2017, UNDP is building upon the achievements and lessons learned from 2016, setting for itself clear and significant programming targets. Across all levels of business in the Country Office, there is a strong push to build upon the results achieved with greater agility, responsiveness and efficiency. As a provider of world class development solutions, we are committed to tailoring and sharpening our programme to the rapidly evolving country context, enhancing our operational efficiency and further strengthening our strategic partnerships. Even with the various complex challenges, it is clear that South Sudan possesses the necessary reserve of ideas and the human resources required to mark the point of departure from the current impasse, break out of the cycle of violence and achieve a vision of national unity and shared prosperity. This road is never easy and significant learning experiences are to be expected – but challenges also present opportunities. If we are true champions of development we need to stay engaged, open up new avenues to work through setbacks, relentlessly pursue pathways of making incremental progress and successes for a bright future of this country.
Dr. Kamil Kamaluddeen Country Director
UNDP SOUTH SUDAN ANNUAL REPORT 2016
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INTRODUCTION
Introduction
UNDP
is the United Nations global development network, an organisation advocating for change and connecting countries to knowledge, experience and resources to help people build a better life. UNDP has been an active partner in South Sudan for more than 30 years. UNDP is one of 22 UN agencies, funds and programmes operating in South Sudan under the umbrella of the UNCT. UNDP has maintained its presence in South Sudan despite significant challenges in the operating environment by adopting a flexible approach to its work through ensuring that programmes are designed to address the emerging needs of national, state, and local institutions, are conflict sensitive and are aligned with UNDP’s global Strategic Plan, the Interim Cooperation Framework (ICF) and continued support to the implementation of the ARCSS. In South Sudan, UNDP provides policy advice, technical support, institutional capacity development, skills transfer, advocacy and service delivery to contribute towards demonstrable improvements in the lives of South Sudanese citizens. The signing of the ARCSS in August 2015 presented an opportunity to develop a roadmap for progress in peacebuilding and development in South Sudan. After several months of delays, in April 2016 the TGoNU was officially formed as required by the ARCSS. The formation of the TGoNU presented an opportunity to move forward with supporting critical reforms, with
planned activities to support tax revenue modernisation, strengthen capacity and stakeholder support for government decentralisation, expand access to health services, and operationalise a joint integrated police force. The TGoNU was put under severe strain by the renewed outbreak of conflict in Juba in July 2016 with the subsequent departure and removal from his post, the former First Vice President Riek Machar and his allies. The post-July 2016 period has witnessed continued insecurity and displacement in several parts of the country, exacerbating an already dire humanitarian situation. According to UNCHR, an average of 40,000 people per month fled South Sudan in 2016. Insecurity has spread to some historically secure areas, such as the Equatoria and Northern Bahr el Ghazal regions. The July 2016 crisis also put a strain on the implementation of UNDP projects, as it resulted in the evacuation of staff and significant restriction of geographical movement in key field intervention areas. Adapting to this changing environment, UNDP South Sudan utilised and empowered its implementing partners in the field, as a means of continuing its critical programmes. As part of UNDP’s immediate response to the July crisis, an Integrated Crisis Response Programme (ICRP) was deployed to support recovery and stabilisation and lay down a strong foundation for national reconciliation and sustainable development. The ICRP augmented
UNDP SOUTH SUDAN ANNUAL REPORT 2016
INTRODUCTION
08
support to existing UNDP projects through enhanced funding to promote access to justice and rule of law; livelihood restoration and support to micro-enterprises; and peace building and reconciliation efforts. Against the backdrop of a stalling peace process, worsening security and humanitarian context, polarised political space, and economic crises, on 14 December 2016, President Salva Kiir announced a National Dialogue process with the aim “to end violent conflicts in South Sudan, reconstitute national consensus, save the country from disintegration, and usher in a new era of peace, stability and prosperity.” UNDP’s unique value-addition to the National Dialogue in South Sudan is our wealth of practical experience and technical expertise in assisting similar processes in countries across the globe. On 15 December 2016, the Ministry of Justice appointed a technical committee to lead national consultations as part of the operationalisation of the Committee on Truth, Reconciliation and Healing (CTRH) within the framework of the ARCSS. An inclusive National Dialogue and operationalisation of the CTRH are both key components to create a durable and sustainable peace in South Sudan. UNDP continues to avail its technical expertise to the institutions and organisations integral to both processes.
During this current transitional period, the ICF (2016-2018) continues to serve as the overarching strategic plan for the UNCT. The ICF provides a basis for the UNCT to work with the government, and other development partners to address key challenges and issues, as South Sudan works towards achieving sustainable peace and development. In line with the ARCSS and the ICF, UNDP has structured its country programme around two distinct but inter-related pillars:
1 MORE RESILIENT COMMUNITIES AND REINVIGORATED LOCAL ECONOMIES
2 STRENGTHENING PEACE AND GOVERNANCE
UNDP SOUTH SUDAN ANNUAL REPORT 2016
INTRODUCTION
UNDP SOUTH SUDAN ANNUAL REPORT 2016
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CONTEXT
UNDP South Sudan in Context
Total population
12,339,8121
309.6% Inflation was recorded in June
2016 and inflationary pressures show no sign of abating
72% 0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80+
of the population is below the age of 30
2 in 3 LITERACY
73%
80%
of women and men above the age of 15 are illiterate
of South Sudanese use customary rather than formal justice mechanisms
people do not have access to health services South Sudan has one of the lowest road densities in Africa. The only truck road that is paved is the 192 km road from Juba to Nimule2
UNDP SOUTH SUDAN ANNUAL REPORT 2016
CONTEXT
Fighting in July 2016 drove over 500,000 additional refugees over the border to Uganda, eclipsing figures seen after December 2013 fighting3 and becoming the destination for the largest number of South Sudanese refugees in the region.
1,359,419 South Sudanese refugees in neighboring countries as of November 20164 265,067 Republic of Sudan 330,646
An average of 40,000 people left the country per month in 2016 making it the fastest growing refugee crisis in the world5
4,931 Central African Republic
64,495 Democratic Republic of Congo
1.8 million
Internally Displaced Persons (IDPs) in South Sudan, including 204,370 people in UNMISS Protection of Civilians sites6
Ethiopia
92,369 602,212
Kenya
Uganda
42%
of the total population
35%
of the population are in need of protection assistance
90%
of people are dependent on the agriculture sector
or 4.9 million people are “severely food insecure�, with Northern and Western Bahr el Ghazal and Unity States worst hit7
The majority of these people have seen a disruption of livelihoods and incomes, lack any avenues of employment and fend for themselves without social protection.
UNDP SOUTH SUDAN ANNUAL REPORT 2016
12
KEY ACHIEVEMENTS AND HIGHLIGHTS
Key Achievements & Highlights
Launched the country’s first-ever National Human Development Report (NHDR) under the theme “People, Peace and Prosperity”.
110
Peace mediation conferences led to 10 communitylevel peace agreements, where women and youth were engaged on community-management of conflicts and as well as creating a pragmatic space for collaborative problem-solving for local disputes.
UNDP’s provision of technical assistance to the government assisted in the passing of the landmark Firearms Bill, a critical element which will be crucial for security sector reform and demobilisation, demilitarisation and reintegration work in the future.
First National Diagnostics Trade Integration Study (DTIS), was launched in February as a basis for a national trade policy to support economic and trade diversification and to leverage regional and global trade for poverty reduction in South Sudan.
men and women gained additional entrepreneurial skills to strengthen new and existing micro, small, and medium enterprises in South Sudan.
Over 1.25 million pregnant women have benefited from clinics and services provided by the Global Fund. Ante-natal care coverage across the country increased from 53% in 2015 to 61% in 2016.
18 national, 27 state and 3 county institutions received expert support from 105 officials from Uganda, Kenya, and Ethiopia in recovery, delivery of frontline health services and skills transfer, and additional knowledge and capacity enhancement for South Sudanese civil servants. UNDP jointly with UNICEF, FAO, and WFP set the stage for the launch of a pilot Recovery and Stabilisation programme in Northern Bahr el Ghazal to build community resilience on food insecurity and nutrition, generate livelihoods, revitalise the local economy, and build social cohesion and peace.
UNDP SOUTH SUDAN ANNUAL REPORT 2016
KEY ACHIEVEMENTS AND HIGHLIGHTS
13 As part of preparation for further technical training in the drafting and implementation of state-level budget legislation, 74 members of the state legislative assemblies, including 32 women, were introduced to principles of gender responsive budgeting and protection of public purse.
11%
of HIV-positive people in the country are currently receiving anti-retroviral therapy through support from the Global Fund. 26.8% of the estimated number of HIV+ pregnant women received ART prophylaxis to prevent Mother to Child transmission.
An estimated
6 million
people reached with peace and reconciliation messages, using a range of media tools such as SMS, an interactive radio programme, participatory theatre and public debates.
With UNDP support, the Government of South Sudan drafted its first national Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Policy. The policy will guide initiatives that help vulnerable communities recover from the multiple shocks they currently face.
769
(289 female) people accessed legal aid services through UNDP-supported civil society organisations (CSOs). In addition, 1,617 (838 female) benefited from legal outreach, awareness raising and training in legal services at seven Justice and Confidence Centers.
150
ideas were submitted and 26 semi-finalists were selected for an Ideation Workshop which powered the Youth Innovation Challenge for Peace. The challenge was created to involve young South Sudanese in the generation of practical, grassroots, and indigenous ideas to promote peacebuilding.
14
Current and planned UNDP projects 2016-2017
SUDAN Abyei region
Key
Abiemnhom
Current Project Aweil North
Rubkona
Aweil East
Planned Project
Abyei region
Aweil NORTHERN BAHR West Aweil EL GHAZAL Aweil
Raga
Undetermined boundary*
South
Access to Justice and Rule of Law
UNIT
Mayend Tonj Kwajok North
Wau
WESTERN BAHR EL GHAZAL
Tonj East Rumbek North
Jur River Tonj South
Joint Integrated Police Support
Entrepreneurship and Livelihoods development
Koch
Aweil Centre
Wau
Community Security & Arms Control / Community Cohesion
WARRAP
Gogrial West
Gogrial East
Project types Public Administration
Bentiu
Mayom
Twic
Rumbe Centre
Cueibet
Rumbek
Rumb East
Nagero
CENTRAL AFRICAN REPUBLIC
LAKES
Tambura
WESTERN EQUATORIA
Wulu
Local Governance and Service Delivery Support to state non-oil revenue diversification
Ezo Ibba
Maridi Maridi
Nzara
Renewable Energy
Yambio
DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF THE CONGO
Creation Date: 25 June 2015. Data Source: UNDP South Sudan. The boundaries and names shown and the designations used on this map do not imply official endorsement or acceptance by the
UNDP PRESENCE
Manyo Renk
Melut Maban Fashoda
Pariang
Panyikang
UPPER NILE
Malakal
Guit
Baliet Fangak
Longochuk
Canal/Pigi
TY
h
Ulang
Nyirol
Luakpiny/ Nasir
Maiwut
Ayod
dit
Leer
ETHIOPIA Akobo
Uror
Duk Panyijiar
JONGLEI
ek e
Pochalla
Twic East
Bor South
bek t
Yirol
Yirol East
Yirol West
Pibor Awerial
Mvolo
Bor
Terekeka
Mundri Mundri West
Kediba Mundri East
Lafon
EASTERN EQUATORIA
CENTRAL EQUATORIA
Yei
Juba
Lainya
Kajo-keji
Kapoeta North
Kapoeta South
Torit
Budi
Torit
Magwi
Kapoeta East
Ikotos
KENYA
Morobo
UGANDA
e United Nations. * Final boundary between the Republic of Sudan and the Republic of South Sudan has not yet been determined. ** Final status of Abyei region is not yet determined.
“
A market is more than stands, stalls, or vegetables alone: markets are a meeting point, markets are where people collaborate, markets are where communities can convene and find commonalities. Markets are pathways to peace.� Kamil Kamaludden UNDP South Sudan Country Director
UNDP SOUTH SUDAN ANNUAL REPORT 2016
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Pillar 1:
More resilient communities and reinvigorated economies
UNDP is working to build community resilience and reinvigorate local economies to improve the overall development status of the population. Specific programme areas are aimed at laying the ground work for economic and trade diversification and moving away from oil dependence, supporting entrepreneurship development and vocational training programmes for women and youth, supporting governments to access international climate change adaptation finances to building climate resilient agricultural systems and early warning systems, setting up systems of revenue modernisation, non-oil revenue generation and tax reforms, prevention, treatment and care of HIV/AIDS and tuberculosis (TB) patients and strengthening health systems across the country.
UNDP SOUTH SUDAN ANNUAL REPORT 2016
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PILLAR 1: INCLUSIVE GROWTH, LIVELIHOODS AND TRADE CAPACITY DEVELOPMENT
Inclusive Growth, Livelihoods and Trade Capacity Development
90%
1%
of youth, who Over constitute an overwhelming majority of the country’s population, are without formal employment
3.8% estimated area of the agricultural land currently under cultivation9
78%
Only 1% of the population has access to electricity, mostly generated off-grid by private emergency diesel-fueled generators to run businesses and households8
Only
12%
For of households, subsistence-based agriculture and pastoralism are the main sources of livelihood10
of the population are paid employees11
“
For the country to reach a better status, we must have a good environment of entrepreneurship – entrepreneurs are the ones who will build this nation. It’s not about the government, it’s about us standing on our own feet. If we can all stand on our own, we will prosper. If we are depending on the country to hold us up, we will all fall. I want to make sure every person around me doing business are raised together to develop this nation.”
Martha Bartholomew Trainee in the entrepreneurship and business advisory services programme
Introduction UNDP is supporting the Government of the Republic of South Sudan (GRSS) to promote inclusive economic growth by promoting micro and small enterprises, build and strengthen community markets for incentivising local production and exchange, vocational training centres and support the development of agriculture based value chains. This includes
gender-sensitive sustainable livelihoods and market aligned skills training for IDPs, host communities, in both rural and urban areas. UNDP is also helping the government to build non-oil revenue generation systems and develop a trade policy for economic diversification and leveraging regional and global trade opportunities.
UNDP SOUTH SUDAN ANNUAL REPORT 2016
PILLAR 1: INCLUSIVE GROWTH, LIVELIHOODS AND TRADE CAPACITY DEVELOPMENT
19 In 2016, UNDP launched a national entrepreneurship and enterprise development programme to train current and aspiring young entrepreneurs with market linked skills to grow their businesses, with a special focus on empowering female business owners. Participants in the programme were chosen from a wide-ranging selection of business sectors including vegetable and poultry farming, printing and photocopying,
hairdressing, logistics, IT services, engineering, construction, transportation, and public services. The trainings were facilitated by trainers from EMPRETEC Ghana Foundation, an Africa-wide Centre of Excellence which uses tried and tested approaches to entrepreneurship development tailored to country-specific contexts in collaboration with the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD).
Key Achievements
1
The first National DTIS was released in February 2016, it was prepared as a national trade policy, as well as to support channeling of multilateral trade-related development assistance to South Sudan for strengthening trade capacity.
2
As part the ICRP, UNDP supported the construction of additional market place structures in Aweil in order to incentivise local production and exchange for local communities with a focus on women entrepreneurs. The market expansion generated emergency employment for members of the local labor force.
3
By December 2016, 110 men and women gained additional entrepreneurial skills to strengthen new and existing micro, small, and medium entreprises in South Sudan.
Looking Ahead UNDP South Sudan together with UNICEF, FAO and WFP, has championed an integrated recovery and stabilisation programme to build a bulwark against widespread food insecurity and the spread of famine in South Sudan. The main pillars of the joint programme comprise promotion of food security, generation of sustainable livelihoods and reinvigorating the local economy while restoring basic services and strengthening community security, peace and social cohesion in targeted areas. The programme has a nation-wide vision and will be progressively rolled out across four regions of the country. The site of the first pilot initiative is the Northern Bahr el Ghazal region, with a concrete roadmap to expand further to Yambio, Bentiu and Bor subject to availability of resources.
UNDP SOUTH SUDAN ANNUAL REPORT 2016
SPOTLIGHT: DEVELOPMENT POLICY LEADERSHIP
20 SPOTLIGHT: Development Policy Leadership
UNDP
has strategically positioned itself to coordinate action on the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) by creating awareness, alignment to existing frameworks, and reporting. In 2016, UNDP South Sudan led the establishment of a UN SDG Taskforce team to interface with State and non-State actors to align the government budget to outcomes mapped by the SDG framework. UNDP has made a deliberate effort to involve all concerned stakeholders – creating multiple
entry points and flexibility into the formulation of SDG-specific policy and discussions. It has also addressed the aspects of an integrated agenda, and a clear commitment to ‘leaving no one behind’. UNDP partnered with the South Sudanese Network for Democracy and Elections (SSuNDE) to conduct a series of workshops centered on “vision exercises”, held across the country with university students and other actors. A key outcome of these forums was that the key segments of the South Sudanese public consider SDGs 16, 4 & 1 to resonate strongly with their vision of South Sudan.
11
Workshops hosting 749 participants
Academia
Media
(524 male and 225 female)
Private sector
Women’s Groups
The 16 women-led organisations represented were: Visually Impaired Group, Women Peace Initiative, Women Child Development Organization, Solidarity for Women Rights Association, Development Peace and Returnees Association Organization, Voice of Women for Peace and Faith, South Sudan Council of Churches, Islamic Women Association, Eve Organization, Sudanese Women Empowerment Network, Women Monthly Forum, Women Union, Women General Association, Voice for Change, National Women Empowerment and Rehabilitation Organization, and South Sudan Women General Association.
Civil Society Organizations (CSOs)
Increased awareness of the SDGs across audiences
UNDP SOUTH SUDAN ANNUAL REPORT 2016
SPOTLIGHT: DEVELOPMENT POLICY LEADERSHIP
21
510
an I Want” E ud s
who participated in the SDG awareness and engagement workshops registered with SSuNDE as volunteers to promote the SDGs in their communities
“The South
Contest say
S
students
A student essay contest on “The South Sudan I Want” was held and judged by panels of university lecturers and legislators.
SD Goal
Importance ranked by the students*
University Name
Town
Dr. John Garang Memorial University
Jonglei
Busoga University
Juba
South Sudan Christian University
Juba
University of Juba
Juba
Rumbek University of Science and Technology
Rumbek
University of Bhar el Ghazal
Wau
Mikese University
Yambio
Sex
Town
Total
Male
Female
Jonglei
Juba
Rumbek
Wau
Yambio
16. Peace, Justice and Strong Institutions
56.0
50.9
55.1
50.4
56.9
60.0
64.7
54.9
4. Quality education
50.5
42.5
42.9
55.4
41.2
41.3
42.6
48.8
1. No Poverty
31.8
37.7
24.5
35.3
27.5
33.8
33.8
33.0
3. Good health and well-being
29.0
27.4
24.5
31.0
25.5
27.5
26.5
28.7
2. Zero Hunger
21.3
16.0
28.6
19.0
27.5
15.0
19.1
20.2
5. Gender Equality
15.8
22.6
22.4
19.0
9.8
16.3
13.2
17.2
8. Decent work and Economic Growth
17.8
9.4
16.3
14.7
21.6
16.3
16.2
16.0
6. Clean water and Sanitation
12.5
11.3
20.4
11.6
15.7
11.3
7.4
12.3
11. Sustainable Cities and Communities
10.0
14.2
16.3
11.2
2.0
8.8
14.7
10.9
10. Reduced inequalities
10.0
9.4
10.2
7.0
11.8
13.8
14.7
9.9
17. Partnerships for the goals
9.8
10.4
2.0
9.7
11.8
13.8
10.3
9.9
12. Responsible consumption & production
5.8
6.6
6.1
5.0
5.9
6.3
8.8
5.9
9. Industry, innovation and infrastructure
6.0
3.8
10.2
3.5
3.9
7.5
8.8
5.5
15. Life on land
3.0
8.5
2.0
2.7
7.8
3.8
8.8
4.2
13. Climate action
2.5
1.9
2.0
1.9
3.9
2.5
2.9
2.4
14. Life below water
1.8
4.7
0.0
2.3
5.9
2.5
1.5
2.4
7. Affordable and clean energy
2.3
1.9
6.1
1.6
3.9
2.5
0.0
2.2
400
106
49
258
51
80
68
506
Number of students
* Students were allowed to vote for more than one goal to rank their importance
“
I would like to reiterate the commitment of my government to work with the government and people of South Sudan not only to combat natural disasters but also to bring about sustainable development.�
H.E. Mr. Shigeru Hamano Representative of the Embassy of Japan, at the launch of the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction
UNDP SOUTH SUDAN ANNUAL REPORT 2016
23
Environmental Protection, Climate Change Adaptation and Renewable Energy
10 South Sudan experiences an average of 10 hours of sunshine per day, all year round
96% Over
of the population use firewood or charcoal as the primary fuel for cooking (which typically constitutes 90% of the energy used in a rural household)12
5% pa
Deforestation estimated at 5% annually as the country is losing 2,776 square kilometers of forests per year
Solar systems improve services for citizens in Aweil State
“
I had to come several days before I could get my documents ready because the fuel was always an issue. I was coming here and there was no power, so I had to come another day. Other times I had to wait for hours until they were able to print my documents, but now everything has changed. All the processes are faster, I don’t lose as much time here, I arrive and in about 15 minutes my papers are ready and I can keep going with my life.” Client of the Governor’s office in Aweil State
“
Thanks to UNDP’s support staff are using the computers and they can print official documents so that they are quicker in serving the citizens who come to our office to solve their issues.” Hon. Ronald Ruay Deng Governor of Aweil State
Introduction Renewable energy sources can be a catalyst to recovery and resilience-building in South Sudan. The lack of affordable and modern forms of energy sources impacts on agricultural yields, economic productivity, public health and opportunities for income generation. In addition, protecting vulnerable populations and environments from disasters and degradation will contribute to more secure and resilient communities. Through critical advisory services and a wealth of regional and global expertise, UNDP South Sudan is
pursuing a forward-leaning strategy to address environmental protection, climate change adaptation and renewable energy. In 2016, UNDP supported the Ministry of Humanitarian Affairs and Disaster Management and the Relief and Rehabilitation Commission towards strengthening the preparedness of government and communities, including vulnerable IDPs, to respond to recurrent natural disasters, as well as providing technical support
UNDP SOUTH SUDAN ANNUAL REPORT 2016
PILLAR 1: ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION, CLIMATE CHANGE ADAPTATION AND RENEWABLE ENERGY
25 to develop a draft national Disaster Risk Management Policy aligned to the Sendai framework to address prevention and preparedness. The Disaster Risk Management Policy sets in place a country wide disaster preparedness framework which will benefit nearly 5 million disaster vulnerable people across the country. UNDP, working jointly with the Wildlife Conservation Society (WCS) as an
contributed significantly to building the foundation for biodiversity conservation in South Sudan through a focus on key protected areas of the country. By enabling the National Wildlife Service to rapidly respond to wildlife poaching, together with strengthened vigilance at international airports through trained dog squads, contributed to a reduction in incidences of wildlife poaching and illegal trade.
Key Achievements
1 2
Hosted the first high-level briefing on disaster risk reduction focused on “Building Innovative and collective solutions for disaster resilience and sustainable development in South Sudan,� towards operationalising the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction (2015-2030) in December 2016. More than 259,000 people in flood-prone communities received protective emergency equipment and supplies of agricultural tools.
3
Aerial surveys were undertaken and the results mapped relative to existing protected areas and key species (elephants, whiteeared kob, tiang, giant eland) were collared for better tracking and management.
4
The National Wildlife Service was able to effectively monitored illegal wildlife transboundary activities leading to the apprehension of 5 poachers, discovery of 2 illegal poaching camps and recovery of more than 4 tons of dried bush meat and 12kg of ivory.
5
The functionality of key government offices for local services delivery was maintained through the provision of solar power in Northern Bahr el Ghazal.
Looking Ahead Moving forward, UNDP will continue to focus attention on enhance capacities of local communities and institutions and step up on resilience building subject to availability of resources. This will include supporting the Ministry of Environment and allied stakeholders to strengthen climate resilient agricultural systems to combat food insecurity, generate diversified livelihoods and set up early warning systems on disaster risk reductions to help the communities to adapt to climate change.
In April 2016, UNDP and Global Fund supported a two-week training for medical staff of new ART treatment centres planned for the Greater Equatoria region. A major component of the training focused on more traditionally-viewed “soft skills” for health workers to aid in establishing rapport with their communities and successfully providing effective one-onone patient support. “How do you reach out to people? How do you ensure patients return to the clinics? Sometimes people show up and disappear,” said James Ayieny, an HIV/AIDS Mentor from the HIV/AIDS Department of the Ministry of Health.
“We try to use a crosscutting approach to instruct the trainees on the stigma and discrimination related to treating HIV.” Beyond the training materials and discussion sessions, there were practical components of the training which stressed anti-stigmatisation principles. The most unique technique employed relies on the presence and role of Expert Patient Trainers. These trainers are real patients living with HIV, who led trainees through interactive role-playing scenarios. Participants also visited the Juba Teaching Hospital where the Expert Patient Trainers are employed in health support roles.
UNDP SOUTH SUDAN ANNUAL REPORT 2016
27
Strengthening Health Systems and Fighting AIDS and TB
180
More than health facilities have been destroyed in South Sudan since 2013
Over
300,000
malnourished pregnant & lactating women require assistance Context Achievements
421,440
“Working with the Expert Patient Trainers] we were tasked with how to greet and get information from patients. They were able to give us feedback and we learned various ways to handle situations,” Dr. Patrick Hakim Clinical Officer and session participant. “The skill sessions with the real life scenarios were most helpful. We were able to hear from various views and experience difference cases we may face in the field. Now I feel better prepared to go back to work where I may be able to share knowledge and mentor others,” he said.
women attended at least one ANC visit in 2016 According to the latest UN data, there are 3,361,739 women aged 15 – 64 in South Sudan, thus, 12.5% of women attended antenatal care in 2016
137,228 people received an HIV test YES
NO
80,691 pregnant women know their HIV status
UNDP SOUTH SUDAN ANNUAL REPORT 2016
PILLAR 1: STRENGTHENING HEALTH SYSTEMS AND FIGHTING AIDS AND TB
28 Introduction UNDP is the principal recipient for Global Fund to Fight AIDS, TB and Malaria in South Sudan (GFATM), and manages the funds for the HIV/AIDS and TB grants. It has been supporting the Government of South Sudan since 2004, providing resources to fight the two devastating diseases. In line with the objectives of the South Sudan Health Sector Development Plan 20122016, UNDP continued to support the buildup of health systems through the provision of essential infrastructure and capacity building of the health force. The
UNDP-managed role of the grants includes HIV and TB interventions, procurement and management of supplies, financing of all activities, and ensuring grant implementation in accordance with the approved work plans and internationally acceptable procedures. Global Fund performance ratings for the grants for 2016 ranged from B1 to A2, meaning performance is meeting expectations. The project’s major objectives are to:
Strengthen the existing Health Information System to provide reliable health data
Improve the skills of the work force at all levels of the health system Provide services related to strengthening health systems
Introduce state-of-the-art technology, equipment and supplies
The July 2016 conflict greatly hindered the smooth implementation of GFATM projects, for example at least 4 planned surveys were delayed, and a significant number of health facilities stopped providing services to the population. Of 40 health facilities, only 23 (57.5 percent) continued to provide
anti-retroviral therapy care with functional community care teams in the months following the initial crisis. Challenges related to infrastructure also remain a major constraint in the distribution of drugs and commodities.
UNDP SOUTH SUDAN ANNUAL REPORT 2016
PILLAR 1: STRENGTHENING HEALTH SYSTEMS AND FIGHTING AIDS AND TB
29 Key Achievements
1
One maternity ward was constructed, 5 antenatal care (ANC) and 6 maternity clinics were furnished, benefitting 421,440 pregnant mothers and increased ANC coverage from 53 percent in 2015 to 61 percent in 2016
2
UNDP provided 84 TB, 30 Anti-Retroviral Therapy (ART), and 150 HIV testing services sites with drugs and diagnostics tests, facilitating 17,036 HIV and 10,000 TB affected people to receive treatment.
3
860 (3,185 since 2012) health workers were trained on TB, HIV, maternal health, and management of drugs, record keeping and reporting.
5
The national public health reference lab was equipped, and the air handling systems upgraded to biosafety level 3.
UNDP provided drugs, lab reagents, diagnostic tests and trained health workers for all TB sites in South Sudan.
4
UNDP supported the common country coordination mechanism’s learning visit to Swaziland, exposing the team to improved mechanism of implementation of GFATM grants.
Biosafety level 3 (BSL-3): Access to BSL-3 laboratories are restricted and controlled at all times. BSL3 laboratories include work on microbes which can cause serious or potentially lethal diseases through inhalation, including yellow fever, West Nile viruses, and bacteria.
Looking Ahead The project seeks to expand access to prevention, treatment, and HIV and TB services amongst IDP POCs, refugee camps, prisons, uniform population and additional urban centres. Among Global Fund’s goals, are to reduce new adult HIV infections by 50 percent in 2017 and a 30 percent reduction in the prevalence of TB cases in South Sudan by 2030.
PILLAR 2: STRENGTHENED PEACE AND GOVERNANCE
31
Pillar 2:
Strengthened peace and governance During the period under the Comprehensive Peace Agreement (2005-2011), South Sudan made significant strides towards establishing state structures and consolidating its peacebuilding goals. Conflicts and insecurity have, however, undermined governance and institutions of South Sudan and diminished state-society relations. Inter and intracommunity disputes continue to create barriers to productive livelihoods at the local level, and has given rise to a localised violence and lawlessness. National and local capacity to plan, finance, develop and deliver basic services and invest in infrastructure is also severely constrained. UNDP is working to strengthen peace and governance in South Sudan to help the nation rebuild with greater legitimacy, inclusion, transparency, accountability and effectiveness. Specific programme areas are aimed at supporting democracy and participation, community security and arms control, access to justice and the rule of law, public financial management and public administration.
UNDP SOUTH SUDAN ANNUAL REPORT 2016
32
PILLAR 2: COMMUNITY SECURITY AND ARMS CONTROL
Community Security and Arms Control Introduction The Community Security and Arms Control (CSAC) project aims to support communities to effectively reduce violence, conduct local dialogues and strengthen social cohesion. The project contributes to peace by, improving inter and intra-group relationships, helping communities become more resilient and able to resist violence and by strengthening peace infrastructure at the local level. It has demonstrated that local actors can work together to improve the security situation. The project also showed that relationships and interdependencies can be built or rebuilt, and that different groups can
work together despite deepening tensions and divisions. The project provides technical and financial support to the GRSS, the Bureau for Community Security and Small Arms Control (BCSSAC), and the South Sudan Peace and Reconciliation Commission (SSPRC) and the Centre for Peace and Development Studies (CPDS) of the University of Juba in areas of fostering dialogue and community engagement, improving community security, arms control, strengthening local government and rule of law institutions, and broader post-war recovery initiatives.
UNDP SOUTH SUDAN ANNUAL REPORT 2016
PILLAR 2: COMMUNITY SECURITY AND ARMS CONTROL
33 Key Achievements
1
UNDP’s technical assistance to the government led to the passing of the 2016 Firearms Act. This landmark legislative framework will be crucial for security sector reform and demobilisation, demilitarisation and reintegration work in the future, as required under the peace agreement.
2
Two conferences organised among the conflicting Nuer, Murle and Dinka communities in Jonglei and Boma states provided a framework for collaborative actions to resolve conflict in the area. Communities established joint community policing and peace committees to monitor implementation of the resolution.
Economic opportunities provide space for peace Provision of a fish cold storage facility in Jonglei enhanced peaceful coexistence among communities.
3
Using different media tools such as SMS, an interactive radio programme, participatory theatre and public debates, the project reached an estimated 6 million people with peace and reconciliation messages. Over 500 people participated in public discussions on peace-building organised by local public universities in Rumbek, Wau, and Bor. Feedback from participants indicate that the peace messaging contributed to positive behavioural change and expanded options for solving community problems through nonviolent means. In addition, it also gave women the opportunity in their respective communities to voice their opinions and participate in public discourse.
5
4
UNDP, working alongside civil society partners, constructed 2 wrestling stadiums for use by communities in Lakes State as a means of promoting social cohesion and fostering friendly ties to reduce intracommunal violence and revenge attacks.
Through a social innovation competition and development of a peacebuilding mobile phone application, 147 youth were engaged in civic education and social cohesion initiatives. As a result, over 150 innovative ideas on engaging the youth in peacebuilding were shared by the youth which demonstrated their eagerness to engage in peaceful activities and shun violence. A mobile application is available for download on Google Play and has gained a user rating of 4.1 points out of 5 points.
Looking Ahead Doubling Down on Community-Driven Conflict Resolution The CSAC project will realign in 2017 into the Peace and Community Cohesion project (PaCC). The project will focus on five main conflict clusters, with offices in four main areas: Bor, which will focus on Greater Jonglei, Rumbek, to serve Greater Lakes, Bentiu, to promote cohesion in Unity, and Torit, as base for the Equatoria region. PaCC will focus on building peace at the local level by strengthening both
community interdependencies, and by addressing existing dividers, or drivers, of conflicts. Key mechanisms for these activities will be local peace committees and traditional conflict resolution, facilitated by empowering community-level dialogue, mediation, reconciliation and healing efforts. The intended outcome is to foster social cohesion and peaceful settlement of disputes, from the ground up.
UNDP SOUTH SUDAN ANNUAL REPORT 2016
PILLAR 2: COMMUNITY SECURITY AND ARMS CONTROL
35
35 Spotlight: Supporting the South Sudan Peace and Reconciliation Commission
At the national level, the project will continue to provide spaces for citizen voices to inform policy and decision-making, and to support the formation of inclusive policies through technical expertise. This includes supporting grassroots reconciliation efforts as part of the National Dialogue process, as well as continuing its commitment to strengthening partnerships with civil society and national partners like BCSSAC and SSPRC and the University of Juba.
In 2016, UNDP supported the South Sudan Peace and Reconciliation Commission (SSPRC) to develop a 3 year strategic plan, which has strengthened the Commission’s engagement with the Joint Monitoring and Evaluation Commission to the South Sudan Peace Agreement, the African Union, CSOs and UNMISS. The Commission now facilitates local peace processes and convenes quarterly peace actors’ forums that monitor progress on implementation of the peace agreement. In October, the SSPRC launched 100 Days of Peace Activism to commemorate the International Day of Peace. SSPRC also prepared a community peace radio programme in four conflict-affected areas of Bor, Torit, Wau and Yambio, which reached over 1.4 million listeners. As a result, the citizens requested the leadership in local areas to form community policing units. In Torit, for example, the youth are now working together with the police and army to provide security to their communities.
UNDP SOUTH SUDAN ANNUAL REPORT 2016
SPOTLIGHT: YOUTH INNOVATION CHALLENGE FOR PEACE
36 Spotlight: Youth Innovation Challenge for Peace The Youth Innovation Challenge for Peace was organised by UNDP’s CSAC project specifically to recognise the strength of youth-led initiatives and the impact of home-grown ideas on societies emerging from conflict.
August 2016
132 Youth attended intro workshop
150 ideas submitted
The competition was launched in August 2016, with 132 youth attending the original introduction workshop. 150 ideas were submitted and 26 semi-finalists selected by an evaluation committee to participate in an “Ideation Workshop”. The participants received guidance and support for refining their ideas, structuring their proposals, and delivering effective presentations from UNDP’s Regional Innovation Advisor for Africa Mr. Marc Lepage and local open technology experts from Juba Hub (jHub). At the end of the two-day workshop, lightning-round sessions were held, where each project had seven minutes to present their idea in whatever format they chose. Semi-finalists were judged based on a common set of criteria: clarity and presentation of their idea; creativity and originality of their idea; addresses the issue of engaging youth in peace; viability in the long term and financial sustainability; number of youth and general population
26
semifinalists
“This prize is not mine, it is for all the young people of South Sudan. Because I shall expect you to come and become members of 64 Hands SACCO so that your projects today can become reality.”
UNDP SOUTH SUDAN ANNUAL REPORT 2016
SPOTLIGHT: YOUTH INNOVATION CHALLENGE FOR PEACE
37 who could benefit; implementable and realistic; scalable and replicable; and gender and social inclusion. The overall winning proposal and top prize of US$10,000, was won by an individual submission 64 Hands SACCO (savings and credit co-operative society). It combined
social entrepreneurship with peacebuilding by providing South Sudanese small and medium enterprises access to a communitybased source of financing. 64 Hands SACCO is designed to be propelled by youth drawn from all 64 tribes in South Sudan.
7
minute lightninground pitches
Ideation Workshop
2 days
nd 2 $6,000
1st
$10,000
Winners of the Challenge
Empowered lives. Resilient nations.
rd 3 $4,000
The winning submissions are working closely with UNDP to implement their ideas on the ground
UNDP SOUTH SUDAN ANNUAL REPORT 2016
38
PILLAR 2: DEMOCRACY AND PARTICIPATION
Democracy and Participation
Introduction Under the Democracy and Participation project, UNDP supports civil society, media, and faith-based organisations to establish mechanisms for discourse on a national vision, civil rights and political governance in the context of constitutional review and deepening democratic governance. Civic education programmes are at the heart of a functioning democracy; they give life and meaning to the principles, processes and institutions. For democracy to develop and endure, citizens need to exercise their rights and responsibilities. Since 2007, UNDP South Sudan has provided support to enhance the institutional, human and infrastructure
capacity of government institutions working to promote citizens’ engagement in democracy and participation initiatives. Despite the challenges faced in the implementation of the peace agreement, opportunities and space existed for civic dialogue and conversations on peace and reconciliation, federalism, constitutionalism, elections, transitional justice, and accountability. UNDP supported civil society voices and social movements around these political processes to set the stage for the eventual drafting of South Sudan’s Constitution, and improved implementation of specific elements of the peace agreement itself.
UNDP SOUTH SUDAN ANNUAL REPORT 2016
PILLAR 2: DEMOCRACY AND PARTICIPATION
39 Key Achievements
1 2
Promoted democratic governance culture at grassroots level through 126 civic education outreach programmes conducted in 4 states (Eastern, Central, Western Jonglei) reaching out to total of 10,071 people (44 percent women).
Promoted voice and participation of youth and women in local governance issues through 18 radio talk shows organised on civic education programmes in 4 states (Central, Eastern and Western Equatoria and Jonglei) reaching a total of 3,022,654 people (75 percent13 of the total population14 in the 4 states). 153 calls were received from the public listening to the programmes.
3
Assisted in restoring core governance functions at state and local government levels through renovation of offices and provision of basic office equipment and furniture.
4
Facilitated the establishment of Ministry of Federal Affairs, as continued support to the implementation of ARCSS.
Looking Ahead With the appropriate environment and progression of implementation of the peace agreement, the Democracy and Participation project will support public engagement on South Sudan’s permanent constitutionmaking process, as well as eventual preparations for free and fair elections. The project currently continues to provide capacity building and technical expertise
needed for legislative and institutional reforms of institutions of democracy, accountability and oversight. In tandem with the Access to Justice and Rule of Law project, and the PaCC project, the project will continue to provide cross-cutting support for the formation and operationalisation of institutions and mechanisms for transitional justice, accountability, reconciliation and healing.
UNDP SOUTH SUDAN ANNUAL REPORT 2016
40
PILLAR 2: PUBLIC FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT
Public Financial Management Introduction UNDP’s support to public financial management systems in South Sudan aims to strengthen domestic revenue administration through technical assistance in establishing a sustainable tax system at state levels, developing standardised training manuals and programmes, and harmonising domestic resource mobilisation systems. The project also aims to build the institutional and human resource capacities of select committees related to accountability,
finance and economics of the various State Legislative Assemblies; building up their core capacities to undertake comprehensive oversight responsibilities and safeguarding of public resources. UNDP experts and partners are strengthening tax policy and pursuing regulatory framework reforms at state levels in order to build a sustainable foundation for allocating resources towards delivery of critical social services to the public.
Indirect taxes are the largest source of non-oil domestic revenues16
98% The production and export of oil comprises 98% of total government revenue15
Under the 2013/14 budget,the sales tax accounts for approximately 25% of non-oil domestic revenue. Excise and customs duties account for 15% and 18% respectively17
25% Sales tax
Non-oil domestic revenue
18% Customs Duties
15% Excise Duties
UNDP SOUTH SUDAN ANNUAL REPORT 2016
PILLAR 2: PUBLIC FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT
41 Key Achievements
1
Developed and published a training manual for tax officers at state levels on non-oil revenue administration for South Sudan, of which 900 copies were distributed to the various state governments. The manual is designed to for basic training of tax officers at state levels.
2
Developed and published a unified tax rate policy system distributed to all state legislatures and adopted by the government. The unified tax rate system is designed to address the challenge of tax rate distortion at state levels and to harmonise tax rates across states.
5
74 members of the state legislative assemblies (including 32 women) from Jubek, Aweil, Yei and Gbudwe were trained on gender responsive budgeting and protection of public purse.
3
Two State Revenue Authority bills were developed and tabled before the state legislative assemblies of Aweil and Jubek for approval.
4
60 tax officers of national and state were trained on tax jurisdiction and non-oil revenue modernisation.
Aweil
Gbudwe Jubek
Yei Looking Ahead: As a result of the July 2016 crisis, insecurity spread and persisted in Yei. Planned training activities with the state legislature stalled due to these challenges. Looking forward to 2017 and beyond, restoring stability means the State Revenue Authority trained, supported, and empowered in Yei state, for example.
UNDP SOUTH SUDAN ANNUAL REPORT 2016
SPOTLIGHT: GOVERNMENT VOICES FOR NON-OIL REVENUE
42 SPOTLIGHT: Government Voices for Non-Oil Revenue
W
ith the generous support from the Government of Japan, the South Sudan Ministry of Finance and Economic Planning and UNDP are working together on a multi-functional project which aims to support public financial management through enhance national, state, and county-local level government capacity to manage collect non-oil revenues.
“
If the economy improves we will have industries, investors will come to South Sudan and people will be busy. They will have jobs, incomes, and they will be able to participate in activities. They will have the freedom and opportunities to go to school, have access to health care and able to develop their own businesses…nobody will want to fight and war will be over…” “…South Sudan has a lot of resources, but we need infrastructure and to generate employment. The new non-oil revenue system can be completely implemented in 3 years and we would see the results: these economic measures could bring peace.” Hon. John Ijino Lako Jubek State Minister of Finance The Minister was explaining his vision of how a new non-oil revenue system at state and county levels could improve South Sudanese citizens’ lives.
“
With resources, states will be able to open roads which will improve access to rural areas and therefore the livelihoods of rural people. We will grow food and return to fishing, as we have from the Nile in previous times.” Hon. Wani Buyu Dyori Undersecretary for Planning at the Ministry of Finance and Economic Planning The Minister was painting his own vision of how improved non-oil revenue management will impact lives.
In 2016, UNDP experts in public financial management supported the development of a unified tax schedule, standardised training manual on non-oil revenue administration and trained 74 members of the state legislative assemblies from Yei River, Jebek, Aweil and Gbudwe on budget execution, monitoring, expenditure and value for public funds.
UNDP SOUTH SUDAN ANNUAL REPORT 2016
SPOTLIGHT: GOVERNMENT VOICES FOR NON-OIL REVENUE
43
Copper ore
Although 85 percent of the working population is engaged in subsistence agriculture and livestock rearing, the oil sector remain the main economic driver. Apart from oil, the country holds other natural resources including gold, silver, iron ore and copper and many more. There is a growing consensus that infrastructure and stability are urgently needed to turn these economic opportunities into tangible benefits that can trigger economy expansion.
“ Non-oil revenue collection is important because it is a sustainable long term source of income for the country. Oil won’t be there forever but agriculture will. We need to diversify the economy. The government currently only receives $10 million dollars per month from oil revenues, which is not enough to sustain the entire country,” explained Hon. Lako
“
Doing a better job of collecting revenue means building a more effective way to move from relying solely on oil revenue. We have seen during this difficult time that maintaining oil revenues has been a challenge for different reasons. Since 2013, our oil fields have not been working full scale.”
Hon. Mary Jervase Yak Deputy Minister of Finance and Economic Planning The Deputy Minister was addressing South Sudan’s dependence on oil.
“
We have been depending on oil revenue since independence but we did not take care of alternative sources [in the meantime]. If we don’t mobilise resources in the states, then we cannot provide services to the people and ensure that these services are distributed fairly across regions…”
“
This process has been a sort of wakeup call through UNDP to the national government of what is possible if we carry this through and see the path that lies ahead. No economy will survive without the engagement of private sector, and foreign investors. We need the skills and expertise that UNDP and other partners provide to push us towards being self-sufficient.”
Hon. Wani Buyu Dyori Undersecretary for Planning at the Ministry of Finance and Economic Planning
UNDP SOUTH SUDAN ANNUAL REPORT 2016
44
PILLAR 2: ACCESS TO JUSTICE AND RULE OF LAW
Access to Justice and Rule of Law Introduction The Access to Justice and Rule of Law project uses a sector-wide, holistic approach designed to increase the availability, adaptability, and acceptability of justice services in South Sudan. The project includes a special focus on vulnerable groups and women; reducing case backlog and prolonged and arbitrary detention at state level; the ascertainment of customary laws through continuous research; and strengthening the capacity of the police, prisons, Ministry of Justice and Constitutional Affairs, Judiciary of South Sudan.
Despite the political uncertainties and insecurity experienced in South Sudan in 2016, most Access to Justice and Rule of Law activities were able to continue quite soon after the July crisis. Most notably affected was the outreach work at state level, due to the temporary evacuation of international staff from Torit, Wau, Yambio and Bor, further displacement of people due to the spread of violence to new areas, and the limited road access in and around cities.
Key Achievements
1
Ascertainment of the customary laws of five communities (Acholi, Lokoya, Madi, Bari and Kakwa) were completed and the collective ascertainment studies (5 volumes) have informed the Study on the Harmonisation of Customary Laws and the National Legal System in South Sudan, which references 14 ascertained customary laws with national legislation and advises on opportunities for harmonisation.
2
Emergency Call Centre in Juba was accessible to over 300,000 people and received 1,998 calls up to July 2016.
3
The first Universal Periodic Review was prepared with UNDP and UNMISS Human Rights Division’s technical support.
UNDP SOUTH SUDAN ANNUAL REPORT 2016
PILLAR 2: ACCESS TO JUSTICE AND RULE OF LAW
45
4
133 traditional leaders (33 female) from Yambio, Wau, Torit, Kapoeta and Aweil were trained on women’s rights, gender justice and the bill of rights. The training is part of UNDP’s efforts to support capacity building of customary law officials for effective administration of justice in accordance with relevant laws of South Sudan, international human rights standards and legal principles. Following the training, traditional leaders from Torit recommended to the Council of Traditional Authority Leaders (COTAL) that 25 percent of customary leaders should be women. The COTAL committed to nominate two female representatives per county to serve in the customary courts. Thus far, 16 women have been appointed as traditional leaders.
5
221 (58 female) police and 170 (100 female) social workers working with the Special Protection Units in Juba, Aweil, Torit and Wau were trained on sexual and genderbased violence (SGBV) investigation, sensitisation and coordination for a survivor-centric response, resulting in 161 SGBV cases handled.
6
The establishment of the Vocational Training Centre at Juba Central Prison provided 226 inmates and prison staff with skills in eight trades carpentry, masonry, electrician, welding, vehicle mechanics, agriculture, hair dressing and tailoring – to increase their livelihoods prospects upon release and reduce long-term recidivism. The new Centre also improved perception of prison as a rehabilitative institution rather than a punitive structure.
Looking Ahead In response to the July 2016 crisis, UNDP has increased its programmatic focus on SGBV, looking to strengthen the entire referral pathway from communities to courts. A major component of the Access to Justice and Rule of Law project moving forward will include strengthening support to women and girls’ access to justice and security by ensuring accountable service provision to prevent, protect and respond to sexual and genderbased violence. Support to security sector reform will also continue to be assessed and pursued based on the process and pace of the peace agreement, including support to the transitional justice mechanisms and the formation of a Joint Integrated Police force. In addition, UNDP will target women leadership to enhance their capacity to effectively participate in governance at all levels.
UNDP SOUTH SUDAN ANNUAL REPORT 2016
SPOTLIGHT: NATIONAL HIGH-LEVEL DIALOGUE ON NATIONAL ACTION PLAN ON UNSCR 1325
46 SPOTLIGHT: National High-Level Dialogue on National Action Plan on UNSCR 1325
“
In the July crisis, we see that the culture of impunity remains a significant obstacle for responding to and addressing SGBV. The military, police, prisons, wildlife, national security and fire brigade have an oversight role to play and they have the responsibility to protect our people. SGBV is a crime, as defined by our constitution and our laws. The Bill of Rights of this country must be respected. The responsibility to prevent these cases rests with the South Sudanese. It is our responsibility to reach our villages to spread the word and protect the people, and this can only be possible if we stop this unnecessary war and focus on the development needed to reach the most vulnerable populations to address SGBV.” Dr. Martin Elia Lomoro Minister of Cabinet Affairs In September, the Ministry of Gender, Child and Social Welfare, in partnership with UNDP, UNFPA, UN Women, and UNMISS, held a two-day high-level dialogue to discuss the National Action Plan on Women, Peace and Security. The dialogue featured national leaders from government, military, law enforcement, civil society, and the United
Nations speaking on the theme, “Addressing Impunity on Sexual and Gender Based Violence in South Sudan.” Representatives from the international donor community were also in attendance, including ambassadors and representatives from the European Union, Germany, Sweden, Japan, United Kingdom and the United States.
UNDP SOUTH SUDAN ANNUAL REPORT 2016
SPOTLIGHT: NATIONAL HIGH-LEVEL DIALOGUE ON NATIONAL ACTION PLAN ON UNSCR 1325
47 The National Action Plan is based on the mandate of United Nations Security Council Resolution 1325 on Women, Peace and Security and the activities to be implemented fall under the four pillars of the resolution, as follows:
PREVENTION
PARTICIPATION
PROTECTION
RELIEF AND RECOVERY
Reduction in conflict and all forms of structural and physical violence against women, particularly sexual and genderbased violence
Inclusion of women and women’s interests in decision-making processes related to the prevention, management and resolution of conflicts
Women’s safety, physical and mental health and economic security are assured and their human rights respected
Women’s specific needs are met in conflict and post-conflict situations
Who is responsible and for what? Implementation of the National Action Plan for UNSCR 1325 will be monitored by an interministerial committee comprised of five Government ministries: the Ministry of Gender, Child, and Social Welfare (chair), Ministry of Defense (cochair), Ministry of Justice (co-chair), Ministry of Foreign Affairs and International Cooperation, and Ministry of Finance and Economic Planning. The National Steering Committee will continue working to ensure coordinated implementation, monitoring and reporting on UNSCR 1325 by all implementing partners. The State Steering Committees will liaise with the National Steering Committee to ensure that the National Action Plan is implemented within their respective states, and that it is being applied countrywide.
h Sudanese citizens Sout
eering Committ ees te St a t S l Steering Commit iona tee t a N
United Nations
Inter-Ministerial Committee
UNDP SOUTH SUDAN ANNUAL REPORT 2016
48
PILLAR 2: SUPPORT TO PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION
Support to Public Administration
Civil support officers (CSSOs) and their twins work as a team in the National Audit Chamber to build national capacity in international standards of public sector accountability.
FACT:
Since 2011, more than 300 CSSOs have come to South Sudan to support capacity building efforts in sectors like agriculture, aviation, finance, and public health.
BY THE NUMBERS
“
This programme is an innovation and has been an astounding success. It goes beyond the conventional wisdom of skills transfer. The impact is apparent, you can feel it in the way our people are looking at the civil service. They are now seeing the whole view of what is expected of them. We see improvements in the outcomes of all the sectors where CSSOs are deployed. We are very grateful to the Kingdom of Norway for this support.” Hon. John Itorong Advisor to the Minister of Labour, Public Service, and Human Resources
Since the project’s inception
7
bills
2
regulations
on conduct of government business have been drafted
9
bills
4
provisional orders
1
regulation
on conduct of business have been reviewed
3
bills
1
regulation
on conduct of business were enacted by the National Legislative Assembly
UNDP SOUTH SUDAN ANNUAL REPORT 2016
PILLAR 2: SUPPORT TO PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION
49 Introduction The Support to Public Administration project aims to support public sector reform and capacity building for civil service in South Sudan. The largest component of the project involves regional cooperation through the deployment of qualified civil servants from three Intergovernmental Authority on Development (IGAD) contributing countries: Ethiopia, Kenya and Uganda. The Civil Service Support Officers (CSSOs) spend two years in the Republic of South Sudan institutions working alongside national counterparts. They provide dayto-day support through mentoring and coaching in areas of policy formulation as
well as at the implementation level. UNDP South Sudan manages the programme and targets functional and technical capacities at national, state and county levels. As a unique South-South cooperation project, IGAD Regional Capacity Enhancement Initiative has attracted study and research from reputable international researchers. The project has been recommended as a best model that UN/IGAD/World Bank/member states could replicate in the region in building core government capacity of other post-conflict countries.
Key Achievements
1
105 civil servants from IGAD countries were deployed in 18 national and 27 subnational institutions resulting in joint development of institutional policies, frameworks, Standard Operating Procedures, guidelines, manuals and work plans.
2
236 (61 female) South Sudanese civil servants were provided systematic on-the-job coaching and mentoring
3
Development of a national strategic framework for the control and eradication of the animal disease peste des petits ruminant (PPR) and a national strategic plan for South Sudan’s AIDS commission.
1
policy harmonised, 5 drafted and reviewed, and 8 prepared for various ministries
2
curricula
5
4
terms of reference
guidelines
10
manuals
were developed
9
strategic plans
8
developed and 3 reviewed
cooperative societies were created
UNDP SOUTH SUDAN ANNUAL REPORT 2016
51 FOCUS: Improving Maternity Health Services in Yambio Hospital Laketch Teshome wakes up every morning at 7am to go to work in Yambio Hospital, Gbudwe State. Every day, she meets her South Sudanese medical team at the maternity section, or as she calls them, her twins.
“
At 8:30, we are all cleaning the maternity delivery ward. We prepare all the equipment to receive the patients, which it is actually not much, because this hospital lacks basic material. Sometimes, we don’t even have a paper to write down the prescriptions for the mothers,” she explained. Laketch is a midwife professional from Ethiopia and one of the Civil Service Support Officers participating in the IGAD-RSS joint project to provide capacity building for key sectors, ministries, commissions and local governments. She is serving a two-year deployment in Yambio, a predominately agricultural area with a lot of potential for development.
“
The most common case that we face in the hospital is mothers suffering from [prebirth bleeding]. Some mothers deliver their babies at home and after they come to the hospital mainly because they have had problems during the delivery such as infections, haemorrhaging, and obstructed births. I am training the South Sudanese nurses to become midwives and now they are able to determine the baby’s health state and prep the mothers for an urgent operation if it is needed,” said Laketch.
“
I am very lucky since my four twins are very motivated. They put a lot of effort to learn and assist mothers, even though there are days that they don’t even have money to pay the bus to go to the hospital and they come by foot,” she said.
The maternity section of Yambio Hospital receives around 20 to 50 child births and post-natal cases per day. According to UNFPA, midwives can prevent up to 90 percent of maternal deaths where they are authorised to practice their competencies and play a full role during pregnancy, childbirth and after birth.
“
I feel what I am doing is a valuable contribution. Every week I conduct trainings for all 14 staff in my section and I can see the improvement of their performance on a daily basis. I am sure when I leave after two years they will be capable of managing and assisting the mothers that come to Yambio Hospital asking for help,” said Laketch.
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SPOTLIGHT: GENDER EQUALITY & WOMEN’S EMPOWERMENT
52 SPOTLIGHT: Gender Equality & Women’s Empowerment
“
I provide counselling to the survivors. When a victim comes to my office, first I try to calm her down so that she is able to tell me what happened. I explain to her that everything she shares with me is confidential and that she can trust the authorities. I always try to not raise their expectations because in some cases, with the limited means that we have, it is difficult to get them the justice that they are looking for.”
Laura Poni Hatim Social worker at the Special Protection Unit of the Yambio State Ministry of Education, Gender and Social Welfare
“
Supporting women in business and providing access to finance is an empowerment process which will lead to improvement of women’s contributions in their own economic and social prosperity as well as of their country.” Dr. Addis Ababa Othow Director of Operations of Equity Bank and author of “Impact of Political Stability on Economic Development: Case of South Sudan
“
“
Efforts are being undertaken to prevent, protect and respond to SGBV. The establishment and review of police Special Protection Units are positive steps. The establishment of a Gender Department at the Ministry of Interior and the Department of Women and Juveniles at the Ministry of Justice is progress. But more efforts are needed. We still need specialised training for lawyers, prosecutors, traditional authorities and customary courts.”
Hon. Awut Deng Acuil Minister of Gender, Child and Social Welfare, during a UNDP-supported high-level dialogue on SGBV
“
We know our rights. We now have women at the court level as chiefs. We never had that before.”
Hon. Abuor Gordon Lual, State Minister for Local Government and Law Enforcement in Aweil East State
“
Every child should have the opportunity to reach her full potential. Sustainable development means partnership between men and women, girls and boys.”
Edmund Yakani Executive Director, Community Empowerment for Progress Organization (CEPO)
Women are the most important people for participating in discussions to bring peace. The women are the mothers. Every child listens to their mother, we are the rightful people to take peace information to the children at home. If you tell peaceful messages to your children, they will follow in your footsteps.”
Alweny Jane, Economics student at the Rumbek University of Science and Technology
UNDP SOUTH SUDAN ANNUAL REPORT 2016
SPOTLIGHT: GENDER EQUALITY & WOMEN’S EMPOWERMENT
53 FAST FACTS
87%
According to UNDP’s Africa Human Development Report 2016, women in Sub-Saharan Africa achieve only 87% of men’s levels of human development
-19.5%
Gender inequality in South Sudan specifically contributes to a 19.5% loss in the country’s overall human development index value
UNDP 2016 RESULTS
2,000
female-headed households in Awerial (1,000) and Melut (1,000) receive protective emergency equipment and supplies
150
vulnerable women benefited from income generating activities as a means to curb SGBV
30%
of the civil service “twins” trained as part of the RSS - IGAD Regional Initiative for Capacity Building are women. The presence of female CSSOs advances gender equality by reducing the gender gap, and it also encourages further participation and training of female ministers and civil servants
Support to 100 vulnerable women’s income generating activities contributed to reduction in the incidences of domestic violence against women in Rumbek East The Women’s Grassroots Network, created under the auspices of the National Platform for Peace and Reconciliation supported by UNDP, mobilized 15 female parliamentarians to promote a unified gender-sensitive agenda for peace
Youth-led GoGirls-ICT Initiative, won third place and received
$4,000
in UNDP’s Youth Innovation Challenge for Peace
Special Protection Units in Juba, Yambio, Torit, Wau and Aweil responded to 161 SGBV cases and provided advice on legal recourse available to SGBV survivors
273
women received training in vocational skills, SGBV, national legislation and human rights, community policing, emergency response and case management
25% of participants in the entrepreneurship training workshops were women
68
women received legal aid services in 6 states
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South Sudan Humanitarian Fund South Sudan Humanitarian Funds (SSHF) is a country-based pooled fund programme that provides early and predictable funding to NGOs and UN agencies working in critical humanitarian response. One of the most remarkable aspects of SSHFs is that they help strengthen the country based Humanitarian Country Teams (HCTs) to address critical gaps and emergencies by allocating resources. Most partners see SSHF as a flexible financing tool providing predictable funds to promote greater efficiency with good humanitarian partnership.
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HUMANITARIAN FUND IN SOUTH SUDAN
Humanitarian Fund in South Sudan Following the independence of South Sudan in 2011, the SSHF was set up in early 2012 to address acute and urgent humanitarian needs in the country. It is part of the pooled funding element of the humanitarian reform process and is managed by the UN Humanitarian Coordinator with support from a Technical Secretariat jointly managed by UNDP and OCHA, where UNDP serves as the Managing Agent (MA) for NGO partners.
In 2016, a total of $81.3 million was allocated for the SSHF:
1
Front line services: delivery of life-saving and vital humanitarian assistance and protection to people in most urgent need ($47.1 million)
2
3
Enablers: common services - such as logistics, including transportation of supplies and personnel – which support the humanitarian operation and maximise efficiency and effectiveness ($9.7 million)
Common pipelines: procurement and pre-positioning of critical emergency supplies for frontline activities ($24.5 million)
Overall SSHF transfers amount by Participating Organisation for the period of 1 January to 31 December 2016
2.8% 3.1%
14.3%
51.6% 13.3%
9.8% 0.2%
4.8% IOM
WFP
UNFPA
FAO
NGO/UNDP
UNHCR
WHO
UNICEF
During 2016, $36 million of the SSHF was delivered through the NGO window managed by UNDP, compared to $59 million and $31 million in 2015 and 2014 respectively. In South Sudan, UNDP is the Managing Agent assigned by the SSHF Advisory Board and a part of the SSHF Technical Secretariat, working very closely with other stakeholders and providing support during different phases of the process, such as the SSHF allocation, monitoring, reporting and project closure. UNDP also continued to conduct capacity building workshops in close coordination with the SSHF Technical Secretariat and has been providing need-based and ad-hoc support to partners on financial reporting and other procedures.
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UNDP AND THE UN SYSTEM
UNDP and the UN System
UNDP’s work in 2016 continued to build on existing synergies with sister UN agencies, funds and programmes (AFPs) identified within the ICF. The core of the UNCT strategy is to work jointly to implement projects that aim to provide a viable alternative to violence in a nation characterised by poor development indicators, huge capacity gaps in government, and a history of conflict. In 2016, UNDP joint efforts most notably included involving women in peacebuilding and addressing the national action plan on SGBV with UN Women, UNFPA, UNICEF, UNMISS, UNHCR, UNAIDS, WFP, OCHA, WHO and IOM, strengthening social protection with UNICEF, and livelihoods support alongside FAO, UNHCR and UNICEF. Through the UNCT Programme Management Team, UNDP continues to lead implementation, monitoring and reporting of two of the five ICF outcome groups, Outcome 3 on strengthening peace and governance and Outcome 4 on revitalising the local economy.
Furthermore, UNDP co-chairs the UNCT’s Operations Management Team, the UN Programme Criticality Maintenance team, the Monitoring and Evaluation Working Group, the Joint Policy Analysis Team and HACT taskforce. UNDP provides key thought leadership and inputs on economic and human development issues in South Sudan for UNCT members, and leads on linking development and humanitarian activities in South Sudan to foster sustainable livelihoods for vulnerable groups through a joint inter-agency recovery and stabilisation programme. Together with UNMISS and UNESCO, UNDP continues to strengthen the local level infrastructures for peace, community security and social cohesion. Looking forward, UNDP will continue to support the UNCT in awarenessraising advocacy, implementation, and demonstrating results of their actions on making measurable progress on the Sustainable Development Goals.
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RESOURCES AND PARTNERSHIP & GOVERNMENT RELATIONS
Resources and Partnership UNDP’s development partners include a wide range of bi-lateral and multilateral donors as well as global funds and trust funds. Vertical funds, such as the GFATM, are a major source of programmatic funding for UNDP South Sudan. Bilateral donors have contributed considerable resources to UNDP South Sudan. These include the UK (DFID), the Netherlands, Norway, Sweden, and Japan. Continued engagement with donor partners in the aftermath of the December 2013 crisis, provided UNDP with flexibility to quickly initiate consultations to address needs emerging out of the crisis. This engagement continued after July 2016, when UNDP convened regular donor consultations on immediate crisis response and the emerging joint UN programme on early recovery and stabilisation. UNDP’s donors are not only funders but remain an integral part of each project’s decisionmaking structure. Regular project board meetings and annual reviews of UNDP’s South Sudan programme ensure that the government, donors, and other stakeholders participate in strategic decision-making and are able to evaluate UNDP’s activities and achievements across various sectors. Further to this, UNDP works with donor partners in undertaking joint programme reviews. In addition, UNDP partners closely with CSOs, regional organisations, other UN agencies and UNMISS. UNDP continues to have a strong relationship with mission through implementing activities which have been cleared by the Human Rights Due Diligence Policy Task Force.
Government Relations UNDP maintained positive relations with the Government of South Sudan at both national and state levels, building capacity at the national, state and county levels. Working through co-located staff has proved to be an effective and efficient way to engage with governmentled projects and has helped to create continuity of support and enabled strong relationships to be formed, thus enhancing programmatic delivery. UNDP has adopted a flexible approach to its work with the
Government of South Sudan, ensuring that programmes are designed to address the emerging needs of communities most affected by the violence, are conflict sensitive and are aligned with the Secretary General’s Human Rights Due Diligence Policy. The aim of our support to the Government of South Sudan development agenda is to facilitate early recovery in livelihoods and engender peace and reconciliation to enable sustainable and long-term development.
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PARTNERS AND DONORS
Partners and Donors
South Sudan’s Emergency Call Center has given rise to private-public partnerships involving the police, telecom companies and GIZ.
UNMISS
United Nations Mission in South Sudan
everywhere you go
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2016 PROGRAMME DELIVERY BY DONOR
2016 Programme Delivery by Key Donor 636,554
PAN SIDA
Japan
Norway
1,822,073 4,070,682
5,757,565
36,491,357
MDTF SSHF
GFATM
21,957,362 3,936,071
UNDP NET
3,528,892 3,046,660
DFID SWI KAZ
167,930 12,415
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2016 PROGRAMME BUDGET
2016 Programme Budget
5%
Human Development
Democratic Governance
20%
47%
CHF
Global Fund
Strategy and Analysis
26% 2%
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ACRONYMS
Acronyms ANC ARCSS ART BCSSAC CBOs
Ante-Natal Care Agreement on the Resolution of the Conflict in South Sudan Anti-Retroviral Treatment Bureau for Community Security and Small Arms Control Community Based Organisations
CHF
Common Humanitarian Fund
CPD
Country Programme Document
CSAC CSB
Community Security and Small Arms Control County Support Bases
CSOs
Civil Society Organisations
CSSO
Civil Service Support Officer
DTIS
Diagnostic Trade Integration Study
GFATM GIS
Global Fund to Fight AIDS, TB and Malaria Geographic Information System
GRSS
Government of the Republic of South Sudan
IGAD
Inter-Governmental Authority for Development
ISCR
International Support to Constitutional Review
JOSS
Judiciary of South Sudan
MDTF-SS
Multi-Donor Trust Fund for South Sudan
MoGCSW
Ministry of Gender, Child and Social Welfare
NAC
National Audit Chamber
NAP
National Action Plan
NHDR NLA NPSSS
National Human Development Report National Legislative Assembly National Prisons Service of South Sudan
PAN
Protected Area Network
PFM
Public Financial Management
PMU
Project Management Unit
SGBV SPU SSDP SSPRC SSRF UNDAF UNMISS UNSCR WFP
Sexual and Gender-Based Violence Special Protection Unit South Sudan Development Plan South Sudan Peace & Reconciliation Commission South Sudan Recovery Fund United Nations Development Assistance Framework United Nations Mission in South Sudan United Nations Security Council Resolution World Food Programme
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ENDNOTES
Endnotes 1 World Bank, 2015. NBS (2015) “Population Projections of South Sudan 2015 – 2020”; National Bureau of Statistics; Juba-South Sudan; March, 2015. 2 Diagnostics Trade Integration Study, South Sudan, UNDP 2015. 3 UNHCR 4 Ibid 5 Ibid 6 Ibid 7 http://www.ipcinfo.org/ipcinfo-detail-forms/ipcinfo-news-detail/en/c/421964/ 8 Diagnostics Trade Integration Study, South Sudan, UNDP 2015. 9 Norwegian People’s Aid, 2011 10 Annual Needs and Livelihoods Analysis 2011/2012, February 2012. 11 U nited Nations Development Programme, ‘South Sudan: We help build democratic societies’, http://www.ss.undp.org/content/south_sudan/en/home/ourwork/ democraticgovernance/in_depth/ 12 National Baseline Household Survey, 2012 13 I nternews estimates that 75% of South Sudanese listen to radio on daily basis: www. internews.org. 14 2009 National Population Census: www.ssnbs.org 15 Diagnostics Trade Integration Study, South Sudan, UNDP 2015. 16 Ibid 17 Ibid
Image Credits UN » Julie Pudlowski UN » Leslie Knott UNDP » Kymberly Bays UNDP » Hilaria Espin All images © United Nations 2017
United Nations Development Programme South Sudan
2016
Empowered lives. Resilient nations.
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