LEADING JOURNAL FOR THE COATINGS INDUSTRY IN EUROPE AND THE MIDDLE EAST VOL 208 – NO 4644 SEPTEMBER 2018
Inside: TiO2 Buyers’ Guide Inside: Polyamide thickeners
È un mondo colorato Focus on Italian coatings market
ADDITIVES • WATERBORNE • TEST & WEATHERING • ADHESIVES & SEALANTS • PROTECTIVE PPCJ FC SEPT.indd 1
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In Focus: Your innovative lead free pigment preparations HEUCO® FIT LR is an innovative pigment preparation line consolidating Heubach´s extensive pigment and pigment preparation know-how into ultimate and comprehensive pigment preparations offering outstanding color solutions for lead chromate replacement. Heubach has developed six highly cost-effective products allowing the direct lead chrome replacement for the most important shades. > HEUCO® FIT LR Yellow 1006401 > HEUCO® FIT LR Yellow 1007001 > HEUCO® FIT LR Red 3022001
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w w w. he u bac h c olor. c o m
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SECTION CONTENTS REPORT
VOL 208 No 4644 September 2018
Additives
Country Focus
16 Next generation thickeners
42 Italy looks abroad
Elementis discusses three new polyamide thickeners for industrial coatings and construction systems
Italian paint producers look to new foreign markets
Tinting Technology
25 Preventing corrosion one molecule at a time How Cortec additives are integrating many technologies in order to eliminate corrosion caused by corrosive fluids, chlorides or humid environments
44 Industrial tinting systems
Waterborne Coatings
Protective Coatings
26 Designing dispersants
46 Protecting against graffiti
How the design principles of pigment dispersants have led to superior performance in waterborne industrial coatings
Wacker introduces its highly effective anti-graffiti product, which permanently protects surfaces with a thin film of silicone
Arsonsisi reports on its latest developments in tinting systems for industrial coatings.
Titanium Dioxide 31 TiO2 Buyers’ Guide
This year’s titanium dioxide grades directory, sponsored for the fourth year by KRONOS, has been updated to provide a comprehensive listing for the formulator
Regular Features
Test & Weathering Equipment
03 From the Editor
37 Latest developments in the field 04 News
Troy discusses its field testing sites and Ametek Brookfield introduces its new gel time viscometer
08 Diary
Adhesives & Sealants
10 Letter from America
38 Sustainable fluid dispensing and packaging Nordson’s Film-Pak cartridges reduce waste by more than 85% when compared to conventional two-component fluid packaging
12 Business Matters 14 Powder Matters
41 Adhesives & Sealants news From the practical use of technical adhesive tapes to the role of sealants in the Isle of Man TT races
48 Products
COVER IMAGE CREDIT: www.dsm.com
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FORTHCOMING EVENTS
Global links for coatings professionals 24 – 25 October Hyatt Hotel, Casablanca Morocco 26 – 28 February 2019 DWTC, Dubai UAE 14 – 15 May 2019 InterContinental Asiana Saigon Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
2019
11 – 12 June 2019 Safari Park Hotel Nairobi, Kenya
Asia Pacific Coatings Sho Show 2019
2019
4 – 6 September 2019 BITEC Bangkok, Thailand
9 – 10 October 2019 Cairo Egypt FOR UP-TO-DATE INFORMATION ON ANY OF THE ABOVE EVENTS, PLEASE CONTACT THE COATINGS GROUP
+44 (0)1737 855021 coatingsgroup@dmgeventsme.com www.coatingsgroup.com 'The CoatingsGroup' @CoatingsGroup
EDITORIAL SECTION COMMENT REPORT
Printing in the fourth dimension...
I
n hindsight, I suppose it was only a matter of time before 3D printing became an everyday reality but to me it still seems a somewhat revolutionary concept. So, I was still surprised when a press release with the headline ‘3D-printed shock absorber with high degree of functionality’ from Covestro, came into my in-box this morning. The first time I saw 3D printing ‘in the flesh’ so to speak, was at the European Coatings Show in 2013. Mesmerising to say the least, I came back from Nuremburg with a cricket ball sized sphere, which still has pride of place on a bookcase.
nnCombining different processes Chris Malthouse Editor, Coatings Group christinemalthouse@dmgevents.com
To go back to the shock absorber: apparently, in addition to its high degree of functionality, its unique feature is the production of individual parts from polycarbonate filament, powdered thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) and a liquid polyurethane resin with the aid of three different 3D printing processes. The outer spring, made of powdered TPU, is shaped layer by layer using selective laser sintering and is notable for its elasticity and high abrasion resistance. The adjusting screw inside the shock absorber has to be very strong and hard so this is made of filaments of a robust polycarbonate material, using a fused filament fabrication (FFF) process. The air chamber in the interior is created from a liquid polyurethane resin. The digital light processing method has proven itself for such components with filigree structures – as in this case as well. The individual components are then connected to each other.
EDITORIAL Editor: CHRISTINE MALTHOUSE Tel: +44 (0)1737 855106 Email: christinemalthouse@dmgevents.com
FAN LANDERS Asia Pacific & India Tel: +44 (0)1737 855078 Email: fanlanders@dmgevents.com
Deputy Editor: SALLY ROBERTS Tel: +44 (0)1737 855161 Email: sallyroberts@dmgevents.com
Group Sales Director: KEZ CHEN Agency/Agents & Corporate Enquiries Tel: +44 (0)1737 855107 Email: kezchen@dmgevents.com
ADVERTISEMENT SALES RANJEET SANDHU UK, Germany & Switzerland Tel: +44 (0)1737 855105 Email: ranjeetsandhu@dmgevents.com CHRIS REYNOLDS Europe (excluding UK, Germany & Switzerland), Saudi Arabia, Turkey, Jordan & Iran Tel: +44 (0)1737 855109 Email: chrisreynolds@dmgevents.com JESSICA SZUTS-NARANJO Middle East (excluding Saudi Arabia, Turkey, Jordan & Iran), Africa & America Tel: +44 (0)1737 855162 Email: jessicaszutsnaranjo@dmgevents.com or jessicasn@dmgevents.com
ADVERTISEMENT PRODUCTION Production Manager: MELANIE CHILES Tel: +44 (0)1737 855044 Email: melaniechiles@dmgevents.com MARKETING Marketing Manager: KIERAN PROVERBS Tel: +44 (0)1737 855067 Email: kieranproverbs@dmgevents.com CORPORATE Vice President: IAN FAUX Email: ianfaux@dmgevents.com
nnFrom 3D to 4D Adding even more functionality to 3D printing, it was revealed earlier this year, that researchers at Dartmouth College in the USA, have developed a smart ink that turns 3D-printed structures into objects that can change shape and colour. The advancement in the area of formchanging intelligent printing – also known as 4D printing – provides a low-cost alternative to printing precision parts for uses in areas ranging from biomedicine to the energy industry. By using a combination of new techniques in the pre-printing and postprinting processes, researchers were able to reduce printed objects to one percent of their original sizes and with 10-times the resolution. The 3D printed objects can even be animated to repeatedly expand and contract in size through the use of supramolecular pillars. With fluorescent trackers, the objects can be made to change colour in response to an external stimulus such as light. To create the smart ink, researchers used a polymer-based ‘vehicle’ that integrates intelligent molecular systems into printing gel and allows for the transformation of their functions from the nanoscale to the macroscale. Impressive stuff indeed!
nnLooking forward to Latvia Just room to say, that I’m really looking forward to learning more about Adhesives & Sealants and meeting lots of new people at the FEICA 2018 Conference and EXPO, which takes place this month in Riga, Latvia.
An official journal of the European Resin Manufacturers Association PUBLISHED BY: dmg events, Quartz House, 20 Clarendon Road, Redhill, Surrey RH1 1QX, UK Tel: +44 (0)1737 855000 Fax: +44 (0)1737 855034 Website: www.coatingsgroup.com ANNUAL SUBSCRIPTION: UK £200.00/Outside UK £252.00 Single copies: £28.00 Polymers Paint Colour Journal is published 10 times a year
SUBSCRIPTIONS: Tel: +44 (0)1737 855044 Fax: +44 (0)1737 855034 Email: subscriptions@dmgeventsme.com; Address: Subscriptions, dmg events, Quartz House,20 Clarendon Road, Redhill, Surrey RH1 1QX, UK Printed by: Pensord Press, Tram Road Pontllanfraith, Blackwood Gwent NP12 2YA, Wales ISSN 1357-731X Vol 208; Number 4644; September 2018 Founded 1879 © dmg events 2018
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SECTION NEWS REPORT
NEWS IN BRIEF Brenntag Q2 results Brenntag, the global market leader in chemical distribution, continued to perform well in Q2, 2018. The Group increased its key performance indicators by a clear margin, with operating EBITDA growing at a double-digit rate again on a constant currency basis. The encouraging performance was underpinned primarily by organic growth. Against this background, Brenntag forecasts clear growth in its key performance indicators operating gross profit and operating EBITDA for financial year 2018 as a whole.
BASF Petronas expands production in Malaysia BASF Petronas Chemicals has announced plans to expand its production capacity of the acrylic acid plant and butyl acrylate plants at its Verbund site in Kuantan, Malaysia. The capacity expansion is expected to come on stream by 2021. The expansion aims to support the growing demand for acrylic monomers in Asia Pacific. Acrylic acid is used in the manufacturing of acrylic esters, superabsorbent polymers and water treatment chemicals, while butyl acrylate is mostly used in paints and coatings, adhesives and construction chemicals.
PPG sponsors golf tour PPG has continued its sponsorship for the Omega European Masters Golf Championship, for the second-year running. Under the agreement, PPG had branding rights for the entire Swiss stop on the professional men’s golf European tour, which took place from September 6 to 9, on the Crans-sur-Sierre Club golf course in CransMontana, Switzerland.
Sherwin-Williams supports global fire safety coalition Leading manufacturer Sherwin-Williams Protective & Marine Coatings is supporting a new initiative to raise the level of fire safety standards worldwide. The International Fire Safety Standards (IFSS) Coalition – led by a range of professional bodies worldwide – aims to develop a set of common high-level standards to address fire safety in buildings. Sherwin-Williams Protective & Marine Coatings endorses the aim to set and reinforce the minimum requirements professionals should follow to ensure building safety in the event of a fire. Bob Glendenning, Global Fire Engineering Manager for Sherwin-Williams Protective & Marine Coatings, said: “We wholeheartedly support this initiative to improve the standards for fire safety across the board from design through the fire engineering process. With our own developments in technology and science, we are continually looking at ways of improving product specification to meet the most exacting of standards.” The IFSS Coalition says that as the property market has become increasingly international with investments extending across national borders, the sector still lacks a consistent set of high level global standards that informs the design, construction and management of buildings to address the risks associated with fire safety. Once the standards are developed, the IFSS Coalition will work with professionals around the world to deliver them locally. The standards will be owned by the IFSS Coalition and not by any one organisation.
The IFSS Coalition will create a Standards Setting Committee that will draw on a group of international technical fire experts to develop the details and ensure they are fit for purpose across global markets. Members of the IFSS Coalition include the Royal Institution of Chartered Surveyors (RICS), the Institution of Fire Engineers (IFE), Local Authority Building Control (LABC), the Royal Institute of British Architects (RIBA), the British Institute of Facilities Management (BIFM), the Singapore Institute of Building (SIBL), the Australian Property Institute (API), the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe (UNECE) and the World Bank. Sherwin-Williams has supplied its diverse range of fire protection coatings to a number of landmark construction and engineering projects including London’s the Shard, Azerbaijan’s Flame Towers and the Leadenhall Building, known as the Cheesegrater.
Evonik and Wynca to form joint venture to produce fumed silica Evonik Industries and the Chinese company Wynca have agreed to form a joint venture (JV). The new company, in which Evonik will hold 60%, will produce fumed silica marketed under the name Aerosil®. The product is used in transparent silicones, coatings and paints, modern adhesives, as well as noncombustible high-performance insulation materials. The JV, Evonik Wynca (Zhenjiang) Silicon Material Co Ltd, plans to build a fumed silica production facility in the Zhenjiang New Material Industry Park (Jiangsu Province, China), investing an amount in the mid double-
digit million Euro range. The facility, with a projected output of 8000t/yr is scheduled to become operational in 2021. The overall project still requires the approval of the relevant corporate bodies and the competent authorities. The global market for fumed silica is growing at around 5%, showing stronger growth than the global economy. Key drivers for the fumed silica market in China include the silicone industry for adhesives and sealants in buildings and cars, as well as gel batteries, such as those used in electric bikes. The JV will supplement Evonik’s global network of Aerosil production facilities, while
Wynca plans to further expand its business with silicon-based products, using the benefits of a shared approach. Precipitated and fumed silica are among the company’s ‘Smart Materials’, one of four strategic growth engines identified by Evonik for aboveaverage market growth and margin potential.
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AkzoNobel supplies coatings for historic addition to Westminster Abbey History has been made at Westminster Abbey in London with the first major addition to the famous church since 1745 – and AkzoNobel has supplied products for the prestigious project. The new £23M Weston Tower features 500 leaded windows and every window frame is protected with the company’s Interpon powder coatings. The tower provides staircase and lift access to the Queen’s Diamond Jubilee Galleries, located in an area that has never been open to the public before.
The Galleries were officially opened by Her Majesty the Queen earlier this summer.
The exhibition space displays more than 300 precious regal and religious artefacts, many of which are on show for the first time. The galleries are located in the medieval Triforium – an area 16m (52ft) above the abbey’s floor, which has lain unused for centuries. Access is via the new tower, which was designed by Ptolemy Dean Architects. Its window frames are coated with the company’s Interpon D2525 Anodic Bronzefinish and BPP600 barrier primer, which provide a perfect colour match and long-lasting protection.
MSCI upgrades sustainability rating of Covestro MSCI, one of the world’s leading index suppliers, has raised Covestro’s sustainability rating from BBB to A. The financial services provider’s reason for the upgrade was Covestro’s stepped up focus on sustainable product solutions and technologies, as well as continual improvement in safety standards. MSCI evaluates companies annually according to ESG (environmental, social, and corporate governance) standards and helps investors identify opportunities and risks in portfolios. Covestro has integrated the Sustainable Development Goals of
the United Nations into its strategy. By 2025, 80% of R&D project expenses will be targeted in areas that contribute to achieving these goals. Covestro already supplies materials for wind turbines and lightweight materials for the automotive sector and uses alternative feedstock, such as CO2 in its own production process. In addition, the company has set ambitious goals for reducing greenhouse gas emissions, another factor emphasised by MSCI: By 2025, emissions per metric ton of product manufactured will be cut by half from 2005 figures.
Brenntag buys Alphamin SA
IAL appointed UK distributor for Helios Industrial Coatings
Brenntag, a market leader in chemical distribution, announced that it has completed the acquisition of all shares of speciality chemicals distributor Alphamin SA, headquartered in Wavre, Belgium and its subsidiary Alphamin Inc, based in New Jersey, USA. The company is focussed on speciality polymers and waxes and serves customers in a wide range of industries and across all continents. Its owned and operated application centre in Belgium is fully equipped with state-of-theart instrumentation and enables Alphamin to provide up-to-date research, development and quality control services to its commercial partners.
International Applications (IAL), through its Japanese stakeholder Eguchi Iwao, has recently been appointed as the UK distributor for Helios industrial paint and coatings. Relatively unknown in the UK market until now, Helios provides industrial coating solutions for a vast array of industries and applications, both in liquid paint and powder coatings. It owns more than 18 well established brands, such as Rembrandtin, Thermodur, Ecopolifix and Color Powder Coatings. These areas of speciality allow Helios to provide suitable coatings solutions to many industries, in particular, in the metal coatings
sector where it caters for general industrial coatings, commercial transportation, rail, agriculture, construction and earth moving equipment, automotive manufacture, high heat resistant systems, zinc flake coatings and protective coatings for architectural structures. Established in 1924, Helios is part of the Kansai Paint Group, one of the fastest growing paint companies and is now recognised as being one of the world’s top 10 paint manufacturers. With manufacturing sites in more than 43 countries across the globe, it supplies paints for products across the full industrial spectrum.
NEWS IN BRIEF BASF and Grolman extend collaboration in Europe BASF and Gustav Grolman GmbH & Co KG have strengthened their exclusive collaboration in Europe in the marketing of amine-based curing agents for the professional processing of epoxy resins. Grolman expands the marketing of the BASF speciality chemicals under the Baxxodur® brand to Italy, Spain and Portugal, specifically for use in epoxy resin-based applications. Examples are thermosetting laminates, highly resistant floor coatings, corrosion protection varnish and composite materials.
3D-printed shock absorber with high degree of function For years, Covestro has been developing customised polymer materials for all common manufacturing processes in 3D printing. Thanks to their diverse properties, the filaments, powders and liquid raw materials are suitable for many industries and applications. At the Fakuma 2018 trade fair from October 16 to 20 in Friedrichshafen, Germany, the company will be presenting a demonstrator for a shock absorber at Stand 4206 in Hall B4.
Huntsman opens multipurpose facility in Vietnam Huntsman Corporation has opened a multipurpose facility at the Amata Vietnam Industrial Park, near Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. The site, which is a greenfield investment, will house Huntsman’s Polyurethanes and Advanced Materials businesses and comprises manufacturing; R&D capabilities; a technical service centre; warehouse and distribution space and a commercial office.
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NEWS IN BRIEF Sika expands in Dubai Sika is developing its operations in the United Arab Emirates (UAE) with the opening of a new factory in Dubai. An existing production facility for concrete admixtures has been relocated to the new site and expanded. A state-of-the-art mortar facility and a reactor for producing polymers have been installed.
BCF welcomes Government’s plans for export strategy but urges caution The UK Government’s recent plans for implementing its export strategy in post Brexit Britain were welcomed in the traditionally strong exporting industry of coatings. The British Coatings Federation (BCF) supports the ambition to raise exports as a proportion of Britain’s GDP from 30% to 35%, however there needs to be some substance behind the headlines. Following the announcement, BCF CEO Tom Bowtell commented: “Exporting is important to our members, with three out of five BCF members
exporting successfully today and the UK being a net exporter of coatings and printing inks. However, amidst the uncertainty surrounding Brexit, the exporting performance of the coatings industry has deteriorated, with year to date export volumes down by six percent. It is critical for the coatings and wider chemicals industry that we see a positive Brexit outcome and continued membership of the European Chemicals Agency (ECHA), to create an environment where our members can trade freely. This has to be part of any export strategy for our sector”.
PPG and NARS renew long-term partnership
Evonik selects new distributors in North America
PPG and Nationwide Accident Repair Services (NARS) announced an extension of their Paint and Dry Goods agreement for a further five years in the UK, building on many years of successful partnership. The renewed partnership agreement sees PPG continue to be the preferred paint partner to the NARS group and confirms PPG Refinish Systems, paint mixing and Colour IT solutions to be used across the 97 Nationwide crash repair centres, 21 rapid repair centres; as well as future acquisitions and the Nationwide fleet of 80 mobile repair vans.
Evonik Corporation’s Coatings Additives Business Line has reorganised its distribution network in North America. The transition period has commenced and will be fully implemented by November 2018. “With an expanded product portfolio and expertise from three legacy businesses of Evonik and Air Products’ Performance Material Division, the new business line Coatings Additives is in a fortunate situation to be able to deliver additional value to our coatings and inks customers,” said John Kennedy, Vice President, Coating Additives Americas. “This new, streamlined distribution
Flint Group increases prices in Europe Flint Group has announced price increases on conventional and UV sheetfed inks and coatings in Europe. Price increases vary by technology, reaching double digits for products most affected by intense raw material challenges. “Raw material consolidation continues without pause,” said Tony Lord, VP/GM of Flint Group’s CPS Inks division. Meanwhile, continued Mr Lord: “China’s ‘Blue Skies’ initiative continues to force raw material companies to shut down — often permanently.”
network of Evonik’s Coating Additives Business Line will help us deliver on this promise with speed, efficiency, and simplicity.” The company has appointed: Dorsett & Jackson, Inc in the West; Palmer Holland Inc in the Midwest; IMCD US, LLC in the North East; Chem-Materials Company for additives in the South; Kohl Marketing Inc for silica coatings & inks in the South; LV Lomas Limited in Canada; and First Quality Chemicals SA de CV in Mexico. During the transition period, Evonik Coating Additives Business Line and its new distributors will honour existing contracts.
DSM launches new coating resins website
IGM Resins wins 3M award
Royal DSM, a global sciencebased company in Nutrition, Health and Sustainable Living, has launched its new Coating Resins website at www.dsm. com/paint with the aim of giving the coatings industry a greater insight into the bright science and application expertise driving new levels of performance in coatings. Resins are an essential part of any coating, representing the backbone of any paint, lacquer or ink. The new website therefore delves into the entire DSM technology toolbox, including waterborne and powder coating resins; energy cure and plant-based resins; and solid acrylic and solventborne resins. It also provides an insight into the various benefits and advantages of coating resins solutions, with colleagues explaining firsthand how DSM plays a key
IGM Resins, a global manufacturer and innovator of UV curable materials, was honoured with the 2017 3M Supplier of the Year Award in recognition of the company’s contribution to improving 3M’s competitiveness. 3M recognised 16 suppliers for world class performance in providing products and/ or services. These suppliers were identified and rated based on strategic spend, contract compliance, actions taken to improve 3M’s relevance and overall supplier performance. “Winning the 3M Supplier of the Year Award is a great recognition of IGM Resins commitment to build meaningful partnerships with its customers based on innovation, open dialogue and outstanding commercial and technical support,” said Edward Frindt, IGM Resins CEO.
role in solving real-life industry challenges in specific markets and applications. From an environmental standpoint the website outlines how the coatings industry can meet the increasing demand from consumers and regulators alike for more sustainable solutions. In fact, DSM has now aligned its commercial strategy with the UN Sustainable Development Goals of ensuring healthy lives and promoting wellbeing for all – at all ages (SDG 3); responsible production & consumption (SDG 12); and climate action (SDG 13).
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Hardide Coatings awarded two major UK aerospace funding grants Advanced surface coating technology company Hardide Coatings has been awarded funding from a UK-wide aerospace initiative, to further the application of the company’s innovative coating technology to aircraft components. The National Aerospace Technology Exploitation Programme (NATEP) is a £14.4M programme to mature 40 aerospace technologies in the UK aerospace supply chain. Oxfordshire-based Hardide Coatings has been awarded NATEP funding for two projects commencing on September 1 that will each take 18 months to complete. The first project is to develop a grinding and super-finish technology for the Hardide-A coating that is a proven direct replacement for Hard Chrome Plating (HCP). Hardide Coatings is lead partner, supported by Airbus, Perfect Bore Manufacturing Ltd and Engis (UK) Ltd. The second project is to develop the processing of an ultra-low temperature coating that will increase the range of aerospace substrate materials suitable for the Hardide coating process. Airbus and Leonardo Helicopters are end-users, while Perfect Bore Manufacturing and Westmoreland Laboratories are support partners to Hardide Coatings in this project.
Philip Kirkham, CEO of Hardide Coatings commented: “These grant awards were made after a rigorous application process and we will be working closely on the projects with our enduser customers. Both projects have the potential to expand significantly Hardide Coatings’ aerospace business, widening the range of aircraft components and substrate materials suitable for our coating technology.” The company’s production facility in Martinsville, Virginia, USA recently received approval to the new AS 9100 Rev D and ISO 9001:2015 quality management standards. This follows the award of AS 9100 Rev D certification to the UK production site in Bicester, Oxfordshire in December 2017.
Heat & drought HMG launches high opacity bring challenges lead free colourants Due to the persistent high temperatures and low water levels in the Rhine, BASF SE has to adjust production and logistics at its Ludwigshafen site in Germany. The amount of water withdrawn from the Rhine eg for cooling purposes is limited by the authorities; in addition, the re-entry temperature of the cooling water is limited to a certain temperature. To meet these requirements, BASF must gradually adjust production at its Ludwigshafen site. Moreover, if the water level continues to fall, goods can only be transported over the Rhine to a limited extent. At present – despite the low water level in the Rhine – inland waterway transport can still be maintained through the use of a larger number of vessels. In view of the weather and water level forecasts, BASF is preparing to shift to alternative modes of transport in consultation with its customers.
HMG Paints has further expanded its Unit Lite mixing scheme with the addition of two lead-free High Opacity Colourants. A high opacity Green Shade Yellow and Red Shade Yellow are now available for HMG’s diverse customer base and distributor network. The two new colourants are replacements for lead containing colourants and a host of new formulas have been added utilising the high opacity colourants. “Following an intense research and development project we were able to provide a lead-free replacement without compromising on quality,” commented Steve Hutton, HMG Colour Manager. “These two new additions have high pigment loading that produces superior colour opacity and high lightfastness rating, meaning increased resistance to fading or colour change due to exposure to sunlight or an artificial light source.”
NEWS IN BRIEF New website for Whitford USA-based Whitford, makers of fluoropolymer coatings, has announced the launch of its newly redesigned website (www.whitfordww. com) offering a wealth of information, a brand new design, clear navigation and improved content structure.
Lanxess sells Arlanxeo stake to Saudi Aramco Speciality chemicals group Lanxess plans to sell its remaining 50% stake in Arlanxeo to its joint venture partner Saudi Aramco. The two companies, which founded Arlanxeo in 2016 as a 50:50 JV for synthetic rubber, have signed a respective agreement.
New focus for lab show Lab Innovations, the UK’s only trade show dedicated to the laboratory industry, will have a new focus this year on the increasingly important aspect of the ‘Sustainable Laboratory’. Taking place from October 31 to November 1 at the NEC, Birmingham, UK, attendees can visit the new Sustainable Laboratory area to see and discuss the latest developments in environmentallyfriendly products.
True Value paints certified asthma & allergy friendly Even before pressure from legislation HMG has championed the use of lead free colourants, however the market has always been reluctant to change, especially in historically poor covering colours, such as reds and yellows. These new colourants allow users to switch with confidence and benefit from the more than 250,000 colour formulations available via the Unit Lite mixing scheme and ColourBase formulation software, including BS, RAL and commercial vehicle shades.
Allergy Standards Limited (ASL), the International standards and Certification Body for allergy labelling, announced that EasyCare Ultra Premium Acrylic Latex Paint by True Value Company has passed the relevant Certification Standards. The product will now be added to the certification product database and will therefore be eligible to joint one or more of the asthma & allergy friendly® Certification Programs in association with the relevant national patient advocacy group.
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SECTION DIARY | NEWS REPORT
DIARY October 2-3, 2018 Powder Coating Summit The Westin Great Southern Columbus, Ohio, USA www.powdersummit.com October 23-24, 2018 PRA’s 11th International Woodcoatings Congress Amsterdam, The Netherlands www.european-coatings.com October 24-25, 2018 North African Coatings Congress 2018 Hyatt Hotel, Casablanca, Morocco www.coatingsgroup.com October 25-27, 2018 Adhesive & Sealant Eurasia Istanbul Expo Center, Turkey www.aseurasia.com November 13-15, 2018 Advances in Coatings Technology ACT‘18 Conference Expo Silesia, Sosnowiec, Poland www.impib.pl December 4-6, 2018 ChinaCoat 2018 Guangzhou, China www.chinacoat.net December 5-7, 2018 Coating Japan Makuhari Messe, Tokyo, Japan www.coating-japan.jp/en January 30-February 1, 2019 The Coatings Summit The Westin Vendome, Paris, France www.coatings-summit.com
EU plans new expanded research programme – paint sector to benefit, although UK firms may miss out The European Union (EU) paint and coating sector will be keeping a close eye on plans to craft a new €94.1bn Horizon Europe research and development programme operating from 2021 to 2027. These major EU research budgets fund innovation in the sector involving companies from different countries within the EU – proposed industry and natural resources priority spending sections in the 2021-27 programme may especially promote paint and coating studies. Detailed debates will now be staged on the initial EU blueprint for a new programme, which could be approved by the end of next year. The plan, as it stands, excludes British participation, although non-EU countries, such as Switzerland have funded and benefitted from EU research programmes in the past and UK involvement may be negotiated in a Brexit deal, should one be struck before Britain’s impending March 2019 exit from the bloc. See https:// ec.europa.eu/commission/sites/beta-political/ files/budget-may2018-horizon-europe-regulation_ en.pdf for current text, and https://ec.europa.eu/ commission/publications/research-and-innovationincluding-horizon-europe-iter-and-euratom-legaltexts-and-factsheets_en An example of a project under the current Horizon 2020 programme was the subject of a recent European Commission report. It highlighted how the €35,000 TOMOSLATE project developed a protective paint coating that is sprayed on to roofing slates to protect them from decay. A prototype is now being tested at the Slate Technological Centre in Galicia, Spain. See https:// cordis.europa.eu/project/rcn/187735_en.html
People developing and delivering customer-centric solutions, across diverse end markets and global geographies. Most recently, he was Global Technical Service & Development Manager for the Coatings Group at Michelman, Inc.
February 26-28, 2019 Middle East Coatings Show DWTC, Dubai, UAE www.coatingsgroup.com March 19-21, 2019 European Coatings Show Exhibition Centre, 90471 Nürnberg, Germany www.european-coatings-show.com May 14-15, 2019 Asia Coatings Congress 2019 InterContinental Asiana Saigon, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam www.coatingsgroup.com
• Meanwhile, the European Commission has approved a major acquisition in the titanium dioxide pigment segment, with Saudi Arabiabased Cristal being bought by USA-based Tronox. Brussels said there were no competition concerns regarding the supply of this key ingredient to EU paint makers. However, the EU regulator has insisted that Tronox sell its global business in titanium dioxide pigment for paper laminate to allay competition problems in this segment. • The European Chemicals Agency (ECHA) has said that by the end of 2019, it will establish a new database on the presence of hazardous chemicals in articles for waste treatment operators and consumers. The database will comprise information submitted by EU companies producing, importing or selling articles that are subject to special authorisation or are on ECHA’s candidate list of substances that may fall under such controls. Companies, including paint manufacturers and importers, will have to submit information for inclusion in the database by the end of 2020. See https://echa. europa.eu/-/new-database-on-candidate-listsubstances-in-articles-by-2021 • EU exports of coated wood board to Morocco may be hindered in future, with the Moroccan government telling the World Trade Organisation (WTO) that it has launched a safeguard investigation into the product. If this concludes that there has been a significant increase in imports harming Moroccan manufacturers, Morocco may impose temporary protective safeguard duties to restrict this trade.
HB Fuller expands board Kimbler joins ChemQuest
ChemQuest Technology Institute has appointed Charles Kimbler as a Director, effective immediately. For More than 20 years, Charles Kimbler has driven innovation and technological advances in formulated coatings,
HB Fuller Company has elected Daniel L Florness as an independent member to its board of directors, effective July 11. Florness’ position expands the board to 10 directors, nine of whom are independent. Florness is the President and Chief Executive Officer of Fastenal Company.
Ametek appoints
Ametek Brookfield has announced the appointment of Hitesh Shah as Global Vice President Sales. Hitesh has more than 25 years’ experience in sales and executive positions in North America, India, the Middle East and Asia. He has most recently served as Global Sales Director with Novanta.
8 PPCJ • September 2018 www.coatingsgroup.com
PPCJ SEPT 2018 Diary.indd 1
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LETTER FROM AMERICA
Cynthia Challener discusses how sustainability programmes in North America have been expanded in recent years
Sustainability today: Much more than reducing VOCs
E
arly sustainability programmes in the coatings industry focused on the reduction of volatile organic compounds (VOCs). Today, paint manufacturers in North America have expanded their efforts to include much more − energy and resource conservation, waste minimisation, process efficiency enhancement and the use of renewable materials. They also take into consideration how their activities – and those of their suppliers − impact the environment and society.
nnINVOLVEMENT IN ENTIRE VALUE CHAIN
Many external and internal factors are driving this change − customers, communities, employees, investors and management. The most obvious driver, according to Matthew Winokur, Vice President of Sustainability for Axalta Coating Systems, is the growing recognition of customers and suppliers, who are themselves committed to sustainability, that achieving sustainability requires involvement of the entire value chain. Beyond stricter regulations as a driver of VOC reduction in coatings, Dunn-Edwards Corporation has also seen a shift toward greater impact of voluntary standards emerging from the green building movement. “LEED v4, for example, requires not only compliance with low-VOC content limits but also low-VOC emission standards verified by independent third-party testing,” observed Director of Environmental Affairs, Robert Wendoll. Dunn-Edwards defines eco-efficiency as the ability to satisfy human needs in ways that minimise adverse impacts on energy and material resources, environmental quality, and human health and safety. It has implemented a Greener by Design approach, which is referenced in various marketing communications collateral and
A PPG COLORFUL COMMUNITIES™ project in Springdale, Pennsylvania, USA, that helped revitalise the Rachel Carson Homestead. The Rachel Carson Homestead is the birthplace of its namesake, Rachel Carson, who is recognised worldwide as the founder of the modern environmental movement. (Photo: Business Wire)
platforms, according to Tim Bosveld, Vice President of Marketing for the company. Wendoll adds that product performance is a key component of the eco-efficiency of paint, and product lifecycle analyses of paint show that high performance – especially in terms of coverage (amount of material needed per application) and durability (length of service life before re-application) – prevents wasteful and inefficient use of energy and material resources from start to finish. Similarly, product stewardship plays an integral role in sustainability along Axalta’s entire value chain, providing confidence that the materials used meet both regulatory standards and internal company quality criteria, according to Winokur. At Axalta, sustainability covers virtually every aspect of the company’s business. “It includes the traditional ESG commitments to protect the environment, address social needs and ensure good governance. But we extend those obligations up and down stream
by obligating our suppliers to conduct themselves as we do, and by helping our customers fulfill their sustainability objectives by providing them with products and services that save time and energy, reduce waste and improve productivity,” Winokur explained. Axalta clearly identifies product attributes that support sustainability goals as part of their value propositions and tells these stories when interacting with customers and in its sustainability report. Sustainable product innovation at PPG is more than a business strategy, according to Vice President of Environment, Health and Safety Mark Cancilla. “Our sustainability vision and values provide the foundation for all of our sustainability efforts, and our Sustainability Committee establishes policies, programmes, procedures and goals to address sustainability in our business practices,” he said. The company’s culture of continuous improvement in all aspects of its business underpins its approach to sustainability. 13
10 PPCJ • September 2018 www.coatingsgroup.com
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BUSINESS SECTION MATTERS REPORT
In his column this month, Terry Knowles looks at the latest reports on kaolin and calcium carbonate
Mining for data on minerals and fillers
T
his month I’m using this column to highlight some market data and trends in an area that I don’t cover very often, which is minerals and fillers – more specifically kaolin and calcium carbonate.
nnKAOLIN The global kaolin market was valued at US$5.04bn in 2017 according to Grand View Research’s Kaolin Market Size, Share & Trends Analysis Report. It is expected to grow at a CAGR of 8.8% over the next seven years. Paints represent the thirdlargest area of kaolin consumption at less than 10% (see chart) with ceramics and paper being key applications. Nevertheless, the connection between paint and paper is a close one here, as kaolin confers better gloss, smoothness, brightness and paint absorbency where paper is concerned. All these factors also improve surface printability and are likely to sustain demand from the paper and packaging sectors. Furthermore, companies have been focusing on advancements in technology and on tapping unexplored applications, such as printing inks. Growing demand for ceramic products is expected to be one of the primary market drivers. In addition, rapid industrialisation in emerging economies from Asia Pacific, Central and South America, and the Middle East is expected to fuel product demand across a breadth of applications over the forecast period. • In 2017, the Asia Pacific region was the leading geographical market in revenue terms and this dominance is expected to continue over the forecast period. Rising demand for packaging paper due to new and stringent government regulations is the main driver, having led to significant penetration for products manufactured using kaolin. On a broader basis, the greater affordability
World kaolin consumption by segment in 2017 (%). Source: Grand View Research
of consumer good, such as paints and to some extent rubber goods, as well as construction demand, creates a cumulative rising demand drawn from China, India, Japan, Malaysia, Vietnam, Indonesia and South Korea. • Europe accounted for a significant market share in 2017. The greater need for environmentally-friendly products in Europe arising from strict regulation, coupled with expanding application scope, is expected to see new avenues of growth flourish in the coming years. Furthermore, investments (particularly in Germany) in construction projects are expected to drive demand for both paints and metakaolin. Many major companies are expected to initiate exploration for kaolin in various untapped regions, especially in the Asia Pacific region. Some of the key manufacturers present in the industry are LB Minerals, BASF SE, Kaolin AD, AKW Ukrainian Kaolin Company, Sibelco, KaMin LLC, and Thiele Kaolin Company.
nnCALCIUM CARBONATE Calcium Carbonate Market Size, Share & Analysis Report By Application, By Region, and Segment Forecasts, 2018 – 2025 is also from Grand View Research. This title
finds that the global calcium carbonate market was worth US$20.69bn in 2016. The use of precipitated calcium carbonate (PCC) as a filler is witnessing growth at a phenomenal rate, especially in the uncoated papers segment. Using PCC in papers results in better printing surfaces and brighter papers. Enhanced gloss and opacity are other significant attributes enabling a broader application scope of PCC in various segments. Ground calcium carbonate (GCC) is obtained by grinding marble or limestone and the particles are mostly rhombohedral in shape. Purity and high brightness are significant characteristics exhibited by CaCO3, which enables it to be extensively used in the paper industry. It is also used as a filler material in the wood-free paper production process. Functional benefits that encourage the use of calcium carbonate in paint and coating applications include high brightness, weather resistance, ability to disperse, gloss level tweaks, sheen adjustment and opacity. Calcium carbonate is considered an essential raw material in adhesives and sealants and its low cost is one of the prime reasons for its use in this sector. Use of CaCO3 fillers reduces the dependency on polymer-based binder products in formulations, which also helps reduce
12 PPCJ • September 2018 www.coatingsgroup.com
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BUSINESS SECTION MATTERS REPORT Global calcium carbonate consumption by segment in 2016 (%). Source: Grand
View Research
carbon footprint and greenhouse gas emissions. These fillers are also used as a replacement for mineral fillers and pigments with high oil absorption. • The North American calcium carbonate market should flourish over the forecast period thanks to rising use of paper in the production of several day-today utilities, such as coffee cups, tissues, printing paper and packing material. Large-scale consumption of high-quality alkaline paper, increased demand for coated papers and the growing agricultural sector in Mexico
are expected to fuel demand for calcium carbonate. • Asia Pacific is expected to emerge as the largest and fastest growing market for calcium carbonate globally and this is rooted in the rapid growth of the plastics and paper industries. Demand is also higher in this region, owing to factors, such as the establishment of new paper mills, increases in paper production and high mineral loadings in paper to reduce pulp usage. One of the key strategies adopted by market players is the establishment of
10 PPG’s Product Stewardship Management System “is the bedrock of our process,” Cancilla added. The system’s nine elements cover the full scope of the product life cycle from product development through hazard communication, chemical regulatory compliance, transport of dangerous goods and customer response to end-of-life requirements. PPG also conducts an annual management review in each business to drive continuous improvement and ensure that any critical gaps are closed by a robust action plan. The company also sets strict sustainability goals, holds its locations and businesses accountable and publishes an annual sustainability report that outlines the goals, progress, milestones and key activities from the previous year.
which outlines how Benjamin Moore makes a difference through its Research & Development, products, people and more.
nnRELENTLESS COMMITMENT Benjamin Moore maintains a relentless commitment to innovation and sustainable manufacturing practices, according to Jeff Spillane, Senior Manager for Product Training Implementation at the company. “One example of such innovation is the introduction of its patented Gennex® waterborne colourant system, which uses proprietary ingredients that optimise performance to create a win-win solution – reduced impact on the environment without compromising quality and performance,” he noted. The company promotes the sustainability of its activities and products through its Corporate Responsibility Report,
nnCONTINUALLY INVESTING These companies continue to make new investments in their sustainability efforts on an ongoing basis. Axalta, for instance, in 2017 established a Board committee whose charter includes sustainability and creating a new sustainability function. “Providing governance oversight for sustainability and an executive resource to help integrate and communicate what Axalta is doing in the multifaceted sustainability arena will take us to the next level,” Winokur asserted. Also in 2017, PPG introduced Sigma Air Pure, a paint based on a high-tech biobased acrylic binder that helps improve indoor air quality, in The Netherlands and Belgium. The product was made available in other European markets in 2018. In addition, because sustainability goes beyond product innovation and operations to the communities in which the company’s employees live, work and play, PPG developed its Colorful Communities global programme. Since its inception in 2015, the company has completed more than 150 projects impacting more than 4.5M people in 25 countries – from painting classrooms, to bringing colour to a maternity ward and redesigning a playground, according to Cancilla. In 2018, PPG also introduced new sustainability goals that represent
on-site production facilities, primarily to supply high-quality PCC to paper mills. Industry participants are also focusing on product development to stay ahead. Leading market players include Omya, Mineral Technologies, Imerys Pigments and Parchem Specialty & Fine Chemicals. PPCJ Report details 1. Kaolin Market Size, Share & Trends Analysis Report By Application (Paper, Ceramics, Paint, Fiberglass, Rubber, Metakaolin), By Region (North America, CSA, Europe, APAC, MEA) and Segment Forecasts, 2018 - 2025 is from Grand View research and costs US$5950 for a single user licence. 2. Calcium Carbonate Market Size, Share & Analysis Report By Application (Paper, Paints & Coatings, Plastics, Adhesives & Sealants), By Region (North America, Europe, Asia Pacific, MEA, CSA) and Segment Forecasts, 2018 - 2025 is from the same publisher and is available at the same single user licence price. For more information on either report, email sales@grandviewresearch.com
Author: Terry Knowles, Freelance Writer paintwriter@gmail.com
challenges and opportunities in its current business portfolio. With so much focus on eliminating various materials from paints and coatings, Wendoll stresses that it is too easy to lose sight of their inherent green nature. “Paints and coatings protect and preserve the substrates they are applied to, thus conserving energy and material resources – and performance is the key. Everything else is aimed at making a green product greener,” he stated. Winokur added that sustainability is a tremendous engagement platform for the paint and coatings industry and agrees that performance is key. “The role of coatings in enhancing customer productivity and making the substrates we coat last longer helps reduce the demand for natural resources. That’s a special role of the coatings industry that many other industries can’t share,” he concluded. PPCJ
Author: Cynthia A Challener, PhD, Principal Consultant, C & M Consulting 1325 Center Road, Montpelier VT 05602, USA Tel: +1 802 613 3139 Email: challener@vtlink.net
13 PPCJ • September 2018 www.coatingsgroup.com
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POWDER MATTERS
PPCJ’s columnist, Joe Powder, provides answers to readers’ questions on aspects of the powder coating process
Ask Joe Powder
D
ear Joe – I have heard that in Europe TGIC powder coating cannot be used. Is this true and if so why? Jay Montemayor, Wisconsin
A. Dear Jay, Thanks for the provocative question. I have worked on both sides of the pond and have dealt with this issue through the years. Basically TGIC (triglycidyl isocyanurate) containing powder coatings can be used in Europe. As for handling concerns, TGIC powders sold in European Union countries must have a GHS06 pictogram (skull and crossbones) label and certain hazard statements. (see: https://echa.europa.eu/ documents/10162/13638/svhc_axvrep_ beta_tgic_en.pdf for details). Because of this labelling most finishers in the EU have found alternatives to TGIC based powders. The crux of the matter is TGIC is classified by the EU as a potential mutagen and may cause genetic defects based on exposure test results involving laboratory animals. Lab rats experience mutations of their gametes when exposed to high concentrations of TGIC. Furthermore, high concentrations of TGIC can cause skin irritation and sensitisation in laboratory animals, this test involved rabbits. Historically, TGIC has not caused any observed mutagenic response in humans. In particular, TGIC containing powders are still commonly used in North and South America and most parts of Asia. Finishers who continue to handle TGIC containing powders simply employ the necessary personal protection equipment recommended by the TGIC suppliers and don’t seem to incur any deleterious health issues. The most important point is to always respect chemicals and materials based on them. This means thoroughly reading the safety data sheets (SDSs) and abiding
by the handling instructions stated by the supplier. I hope this answers your question satisfactorily. Thanks, Joe Hello Joe, I work at an OEM shop running three batch booths and three ovens. The current issue we are experiencing is a lot of contamination showing up on a lot of our parts. The contamination seems to be powder specks from some of the other colours we spray. Example being spraying a midnight blue and clear on a part and then seeing white specks all over it. The contamination we are finding seems to just be on the surface and not under the powder. Our booths are separated into what type of colours we spray, one booth does light colours, one does grey, and the other does dark colours. We have tried other batches of the same colour to eliminate powder contamination theory with no success, we have also done deep cleaning in the ovens daily to try and eliminate that option. Although all of our booths are enclosed, I have a gut feeling that just the trip from the booth to the oven might be causing this. My other thought is with the weather we have here in the Northwest US during the fall season, that the ambient air has an extra charge creating more particles in the air to want to stick to our parts. Have you heard of any studies that might suggest this? What are the steps of elimination we should do to narrow this down? Thank you, Nathan Bishop, Oregon
A. Hello Nathan, This sure seems to be a nagging problem. Isolating a source of contamination is always a monumental task. Here is what I would suggest. Isolate the coated products from potential sources of contamination. To isolate parts, I would spray small parts or, perhaps better yet, 4in x 6in (100mm x
150mm) test panels and isolate them from various environments. To do this, place the test panel in a metal paint can (2.5lit) secured with a lid. Specifically, place coated panels just after they exit your spray booth into a metal can. Allow some other panels to traverse from the spray booth to the oven, then place them in a metal can. Also run coated parts/panels through the oven outside of the metal cans. If there are any other environments you would like to isolate the coating from, include coated test panels accordingly. Please note it is a good idea to put a few small holes in the metal cans to allow any fumes/vapour emanating from the curing powder to escape. Run all the panels (in metal cans and not) through the oven concurrently. Collect all the panels and inspect for defects. If all the test panels exhibit white (or other colour) specks on the surface, then either the powder coating is contaminated or contaminants exist in the powder booth or powder delivery system (including the hoses, hoppers, etc.). If the panels isolated upon exiting the oven are clean then the powder and booth are clean and the contamination is occurring outside the spray booth. If the test panels isolated from the oven that traversed through the area between the booth and oven are clean, then the oven environment is suspect. If all the test panels are clean except those that were exposed to the oven atmosphere, then your oven is contaminating your product. Interestingly, a deep clean of an oven can sometimes exacerbate a contamination issue. Deep cleaning can dislodge dirt that would be otherwise adhered to the oven interior. Once the contamination source is identified you’ll have to go to work to either eliminate the source or isolate your parts from the source. If your finishing operation is open to the rest of your plant, I strongly recommend that you build an enclosure around the finishing process including leading into your oven. I hope this helps, Best regards, Joe PPCJ
14 PPCJ • September 2018 www.coatingsgroup.com
Kevin Biller SEPT 18.indd 1
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ADDITIVES
Rajni Gupta, James Heck, Yanhui Chen, Mihai Polverejan, David Marsh, Wouter IJdo (Elementis Inc, USA), Carlos Feito, Elke Piron (Elementis Inc, Europe), Rick Lin, Tien Hsu and Angel Lee (Elementis Inc, Taiwan) discuss three new polyamide thickeners
Next generation of thickeners in industrial coatings & construction systems Abstract: The rheological properties of an industrial coating, adhesive or sealant are vital to its success. A well formulated industrial coating, adhesive or sealant has balanced rheological properties, easy but controlled application, good Sag or slump resistance and storage stability. The thickeners incorporated in the coating, adhesive or sealant formulations provide the manufacturers with the ability to design the rheological characteristics they need for a specific end use. Organic thixotropes are castor oil or polyamidebased materials that are especially useful in systems, such as industrial coatings, construction sealants, caulks, adhesives and mastics. These additives provide outstanding efficiency for shear thinning, viscosity build, Sag control and pigment suspension. However, the high activation temperature is sometimes a deterrent for broader use. In this paper, we present a new generation of highly efficient organic thixotrope-based thickeners that can be activated at significantly lower temperatures. These new materials can be successfully incorporated in industrial coatings or sealant formulas for better viscosity build, Sag resistance and higher extrusion rates. They display a wider process window and require less energy and time in production which can result in lower costs.
R
heological additives can be essential to providing practical application functionality to coatings and adhesives. Without them, these coatings can tend to be Newtonian in their flow behaviour. Adhesives in particular, need high viscosity at low shear rates to stay in place once applied, and they also need low viscosity at high shear rates so that they are fluid enough to be applied by hand or machine. In order to have both high and low viscosity character in these coatings, rheological thickeners are added to the formulations to give these coatings this dual behaviour. At low shear rates, the thickeners tend to associate and/or interact by several possible mechanisms to generate the high viscosity. As the shear rate is increased to high shear, this interaction provided by the thickener breaks down allowing easy application of the coating. It is often of high importance
that the low shear high viscosity quickly regenerates after it has been sheared down during application once this process has ended. The return of the coating to a high viscosity at low or no applied shear (“viscosity recovery”), keeps thick industrial coatings from sagging or dripping and it permits adhesive and construction coatings to stay in place, possibly holding a tile or panel which has been affixed to its exposed surface. The viscosity recovery time can be different for the many commercial rheological thickeners and can be important for an application’s success. Many of the current rheological thickeners for solvent-based and 100% solids coatings or adhesives can be described by three general classes: (1) Organoclays; (2) Fumed silicas; and (3) Organic thickeners. Each of the general classes have both positives and negatives in regards to their performance and handling characteristics. Organoclays are well known for their excellent anti-settling properties and are used extensively in architectural and industrial coatings to obtain that result. They are also essential ingredients for preventing settling in consumer personal care formulations and products. However, organoclays generally do not work well for anti-sag performance in high solids solvent-based applications and do not provide as strong a rheological effect as the other classes do when compared on an equal weight loading basis. Organoclays are sometimes used in combination with either
the fumed silicas or organic thickeners. In this combined use with organic thickeners, organoclays have been reported by users to be beneficial in improving the property of wet edge retention during application. Fumed silicas have been used extensively in adhesive formulations. They provide very good thickening performance, but there can be drawbacks to their use. Fumed silicas are light and fluffy. This creates a bit of a challenge with handling the material while charging the batch, and concerns about worker safety due to particle inhalation. Fumed silica used as an ingredient in a coating formulation can also result in some elastic rigidification of the final coating that can at times be undesirable, and can possibly lower gloss in some cases. Organic thickeners can have molecular structures partly derived from castor oil. Castor oil is extracted from castor beans. The oil is then hydrogenated to remove unsaturation as shown in Figure 1 to make castor wax, which would be a subclass of the organic thickeners. Castor waxes are good organic thickeners and have been used in industry for many years. Small amounts of castor wax in a formulation can generate strong thixotropic behaviour, provide anti-settling effects and recovery of viscosity after shearing during the application. Castor waxes are incorporated into a paint or coating and activated often using a combination of both mixing and heating during the pigment grind step.
Figure 1. Schematic of hydrogenation of castor oil to produce a castor wax
16 PPCJ • September 2018 www.coatingsgroup.com
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ADDITIVES solids formulations with some exceptions, and they can have difficulty in formulations with certain solvents.
nnADVANCING POLYAMIDE
THICKENER TECHNOLOGY
Figure 2. Diagram of castor wax based organic thickener material changes occurring during the coating preparation mixing process
There are positive rheological performance benefits with the use of Castor waxes, however, they do have some potential drawbacks that can occur with their use. In some formulations of coatings containing castor wax thickeners, it can be a requirement to have to cool the batch after mixing using a controlled schedule of cooling and stirring. This is necessary to prevent crystals (“seeds”) from forming in the coating upon sitting (see Figure 2). The formation of seed crystals can be troublesome. The generation of seeds reduce the efficiency of the castor wax by removing some material from being able to function while it is trapped inside the crystal, and it can create aesthetic defects in the applied coating or sealant. Seeds can be filtered out of the coating during manufacturing with some difficulty. Castor waxes can also create “false body” effects in the coating, which is a gel like consistency that breaks down upon first shearing. A related subclass of the organic thickeners is the polyamide organic thickeners. These materials are created by reacting alkyl acids with polyamines to generate polyamides. A common alkyl acid which is used for making polyamide thickeners is the 12-hydroxystrearic acid component from the castor waxes described previously. Figure 3 shows a generic structure of a polyamide thickener. Polyamide thickeners generally create greater thickening responses in coatings and adhesives as compared to castor
waxes when compared on an equal weight basis. This can be helpful for applications which require thicker coatings or adhesive bead lines to be deposited. It is very important that an extruded sealant bead recovers viscosity quickly in order to not sag. The polyamide thickeners are thought to provide thickening and viscosity recovery through a combination of factors. Hydrogen bonds likely form between the molecules due to the functional groups present as shown in Figure 4A. These hydrogen bonds contribute to the generation of fibrillar structure (Figure 4B), which develops during the coating mixing and heating preparation steps. The steric interaction between fibrils, and also with other filler particles, is what is likely responsible for the strong rheological performance that polyamide thickeners impart to coatings. A limitation of the common commercial polyamide thickeners is that they can require substantially elevated temperatures of 150°F up to 170°F in order to activate them during the mixing process. This lengthens the batch time during manufacturing of the coating material because of the time needed to heat the batch. These thickeners also have not been able to work as well in high
Industrial adhesive and coating manufacturers have asked for coating and sealant thickener additives with improved performance as compared to the previous classes of thickeners just described. A thickener which would not require so much milling to activate would make the manufacturing process less problematic. Thickeners which activated at lower temperatures, would be a benefit due to requiring less energy and time during manufacturing. And industrial coating applicators would like to be able to use high solids coatings to reduce the film shrinkage resulting from solvent loss. Higher solids paints produce thicker applied coatings per coat after drying, which in turn reduces the number of coats that need to be applied to achieve a certain final thickness. This saves time and labour costs. These user requests were adopted as goals for developing an improved polyamide thickener which would provide value to industrial coating and sealant manufacturers and applicators. Polyamide thickener goals for improvement 1. Activate at lower temperatures 2. Activate easier in the manufacturing process 3. Work in high solids (=>90%) and also 100% solids industrial coatings and sealants. To achieve this, a large number of chemical structures were synthesised and screened in the lab against existing commercial polyamide thickeners. A target was not simply to make a small incremental improvement but to find new polyamide thickeners which functioned vastly improved in these desired areas. The project discovered three different polyamide products which were found to be able to satisfy the goals for improvement. Because
Figure 4. A) possible hydrogen bonds between molecules of polyamide thickeners; B) an SEM micrograph of a collection of polyamide fibrils
Figure 3. Generic molecular structure of a polyamide organic thickener
18 PPCJ • September 2018 www.coatingsgroup.com
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ADDITIVES
Graph 1. Sag results for polyamide thickener concentration ladders in a 90% solids 2K epoxy with Xylene as the solvent. Mixing: 120°F for 20min @ 7.5m/s. (X-axis is the polyamide thickener concentration in the formula)
of their different molecular structures, the three polyamides each have unique and sometimes different performance character in certain systems. There are particular formulation types for each of the polyamides in which they function better as compared to the other two polyamides. Some examples of these polyamide performance benefits and differences between the three polyamides are shown in the following examples.
nnNEW POLYAMIDE THICKENER PERFORMANCE EXAMPLES IN INDUSTRIAL COATINGS
90% high solids industrial 2K epoxy coating Sag resistance Epoxy coatings are common and important industrial coatings because of their toughness, chemical resistance, and durability. For lowering costs, paint applicators have a preference towards applying thicker films in each coat. As described above, the thicker film of each application reduces the number of applications that are needed to achieve industrial coatings which can be as thick as 40mils. A formulating change which helps to achieve the thicker films per application is to remove some solvent and shift the formulation to a high solids formulation. As a desired consequence, the wet applied film thickness retains more of its initial thickness as it dries than do lower solids formulations. This is one of the main reasons for shifting to high solids coatings. A secondary reason for moving towards high solids formulas that we have encountered, is a need to reduce VOCs to have less environmental impact. Higher solids coatings with less solvent reduce that impact. Also, using VOC exempt solvents in place of some of the common solvents will reduce the reportable VOCs. The new polyamides were designed to show stronger performance in these
Graph 2. Sag results for polyamide thickener concentration ladders in a 77% solids 2K urethane with MAK and BA as the solvents. Mixing: 150°F for 30min @ 9.4m/s. (X-axis is the polyamide thickener concentration in the formula)
kinds of formulation types. In order to demonstrate this improved performance, a ladder series of experiments with the three new polyamide thickeners were done in a 90% solids epoxy. Two commercially available polyamides were included in the experiment as reference comparisons. The formula for this experiment has been presented previously2. This formula contains a reactive diluent, several different types of fillers and it includes barium sulphate, which is commonly found in marine coatings. The amine curing agent is a mixture of alkyl and aromatic amines. The epoxy formula used for these experiments was intended to incorporate a wide variety of ingredients which coatings manufacturers would typically use. Leneta Sag resistance (Sag) was measured after mixing of the blend of the epoxy part A mixed with the part B amine curing agent. Sag was evaluated for each of the polyamides vs increasing loading concentration and the results are shown in the graph in Graph 1. Polyamide thickener loading concentrations were increased from 0.6% by weight up to 1.2% by weight. The commercial reference polyamides are shown with dashed lines. The newly developed polyamide thickeners have solid lines. The results in Graph 1 show that Polyamide 2 has the greatest Sag resistance at each concentration tested. Polyamide 1 produces good Sag resistance at loading concentrations above 0.8% by wt. Polyamide 3 Sag results are about equal to the commercial Reference 1 polyamide thickener. In this formula at these mixing conditions, Polyamide 2 produces superior Sag resistance performance over the range of concentrations as compared to both reference polyamides 77% solids industrial 2K urethane coating Sag resistance The performance of the new polyamides were measured in a 2K polyurethane
coating formulation2 which might commonly be used in industrial applications. Since it would be typical that the urethane would be spray applied, we targeted the formulation to have a sprayable viscosity, which was successfully verified through spray application by a 3rd party testing lab. With the resins that we had available to the lab in combination with the TiO2 which was in the formulation for hiding, the solids level was not as high as the epoxy formula in the previous example but was at the upper sprayable limit for the spray equipment. The percent solids level is 77% and uses a combination of methyl amyl ketone (MAK) and butyl acetate (BA) as the solvents. A concentration ladder of increasing polyamide thickener was prepared using mixing conditions of 30min at 150°F, mixing at 9.4m/s tip speed. The mixing temperature of this experiment is higher than the previous 120°F epoxy example, and is a more typical temperature that is often used for the commercial reference polyamides. The Sag results of mixture of the polyol part A with the isocyanate part B, are shown in Graph 2. The results in the graph show that Polyamide 3 produces the largest Sag resistance in the coating formulation through most of the concentration range evaluated, and exceeds the Sag performance of both of the reference polyamides. At the lowest concentration of 0.6% by wt, the performance of all of the polyamides becomes very similar, however, this Sag value is also relatively low – around 20mils. As the concentration increases above 0.6%, the Sag performance increases and the effectiveness of the polyamides become better differentiated. Polyamide 1 does not perform very well in this formula at these mixing conditions, although it gave a good result in the previous high solids epoxy experiment. Polyamide 2 mostly matches the performance of the best reference
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ADDITIVES sample in this experiment1. For this particular urethane formula and experiment mixing conditions, Polyamide 3 is the best performing polyamide and this is even at a mixing temperature which is favourable for the other reference polyamides. It is also more efficient when compared on an equal weight basis, meaning less of it needs to be used to achieve the performance equal to the reference samples.
nnEXPERIMENTS DEMONSTRATING ACCOMPLISHMENT OF THE NEW POLYAMIDE THICKENER GOALS
The previous experiments presented show example urethane and epoxy industrial coatings where the new polyamide thickeners outperform both of the reference polyamides thickeners. These experiments also show some performance character differences among the three new polyamides. An area which has not yet been demonstrated is whether the new polyamide thickeners fully accomplished the original product development goals which were initially adopted. In order to demonstrate this, the mixing conditions were adjusted to very mild conditions in the next two experiments. This reduction of mixing energy (heat, shear rate) in these experiments help to further differentiate the new polyamide thickeners as compared to the existing commercial products on the market. Low temp and moderate mixing speed: 85°F mixing of a 77% solids industrial 2K urethane coating To compare the polyamide thickener performance characteristics in the urethane formulation against the development goals which were discussed previously, the mixing temperature was decreased to close to room temperature at 85°F. The mixing speed was 9.4m/s which is moderate to low as compared to common industrial mixing processes. This experiment used very low mixing temperatures (Goal #2) and a moderately low mixing speed (Goal #1). The Sag results are shown in Graph 3. Because the mixing temperature is so low, the polyamide thickener which activates the easiest stands out distinctively. Polyamide 3 activates to a much greater Sag resistance performance than either of the two reference polyamide thickeners. Combining this low temperature result with the previously discussed 150°F urethane results in the previous section, Polyamide 3 provides the greatest thickening performance in this urethane formulation, is easier to activate and can perform well at lower mixing temperatures.
Graph 3. Sag results for polyamide thickener at 1% loading in a 77% solids 2K urethane with MAK and BA as the solvents. Mixing: 85°F for 30min @ blade tip speed of 9.4m/s
Low temp and very low mixing speed: 85°F mixing of a 90% solids industrial 2K epoxy coating Using the epoxy formulation discussed at the beginning of Section 2, an experiment was done using very mild mixing conditions in order to demonstrate the performance improvements in the new polyamides. This experiment used a little different mixing experiment was used than was performed with the previous low temperature urethane experiment just discussed above. For this experiment, it was of interest to find a way to demonstrate “in-process” activation of the polyamide and the development of the viscosity during the mixing process as it occurred. The formula of the epoxy used in the earlier experiment was altered slightly. The 90% solids of the total formula and approximate filler concentration was maintained. However, the six fillers in the previous formula were consolidated to be just a single filler, Nepheline Syenite, in order to simplify the paint preparation process. Mixing was done at a very low disperser tip speed of 4.1m/s, and the temperature was maintained at 85°F using a water bath controlled jacketed mixing pot. During the mixing process, sample aliquots were removed periodically from the mixing pot by pipette and within two minutes were measured with an Anton Paar rheometer using a parallel plate geometry. A flow curve was measured for each sample of each formula. The viscosity from each of the flow curves at 0.1 s-1 was plotted vs length of time dispersing and is shown in Graph 4. Each data point on the graph comes from a separate flow curve that was sampled at those specific lengths of time dispersing. The data in Graph 4 show the results for the reference samples as dotted lines. The new polyamide thickeners develop viscosities of 10,000-50,000cps quickly at a mix time of just 2min. This compares to the commercial reference polyamides which only develop 1000-2000cps viscosities. At the 12-13min mixing time, the three new polyamide thickeners have increased the
batch viscosities to 40,000-90,000cps, while the reference samples only have viscosities of 4000-7000 cps. The data in Graph 4 demonstrates that the new polyamide thickeners are activating and thickening the coating formulation much faster than the reference commercial polyamide thickeners. Looking over the entire 60min of dispersing, the reference polyamides slowly build up viscosity. This is consistent with what is known for many of the common polyamide thickeners, in that they often require higher temperatures of 150°F-170°F, longer mix times and higher dispersing speeds in order to activate. However, at the very low temperature and very low mixing speed of this experiment, Polyamide 2 is able to generate more than a 1,000,000cps viscosity in just 30min of mixing. The commercial reference polyamides only achieve 11,00014,000 cps even after 60min of mixing. For this particular epoxy formula, the new polyamide thickeners achieve all three of the improvement Goals #1, #2 and #3. 1. Activate at lower temperatures 2. Activate easier in the manufacturing process 3. Work in high solids (=>90%) and also 100% solids industrial coatings and sealants.
nn100% SOLIDS ADHESIVE
– EFFECTIVENESS OF NEW POLYAMIDES IN MS POLYMER FORMULATION
The initial success with high solids industrial coatings provided guidance about the potential benefits of the new polyamides for use in 100% solids adhesive and construction coatings. Adhesive and construction applications sometimes have a more challenging set of performance requirements which must be met. The material must shear-thin to a low viscosity in order to facilitate applying the adhesive, such as being able to extrude it through a caulking tube nozzle. However, at the zero shear rate range after applying it, the adhesive must recover to a high enough viscosity which can often permit it to fix and hold in place a panel or tile which is being attached to its surface using the adhesive’s intrinsic wet-tack adhesion. Even as a liquid adhesive before curing, the adhesive often must have some degree of holding power. This holding power comes from a combination of the adhesive’s wet tack and the high viscosity at low or no shear, which keeps the adhesive from flowing or moving. Thixotropic thickener additives, such as the polyamide thickeners, have the capability to provide the high viscosity at low shear for adhering objects but can also permit
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26 – 28 February 2019 DWTC, Dubai, UAE
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ADDITIVES
Graph 4. Viscosity at 0.1s-1 vs dispersing time for samples taken from the mix reactor during the mixing process for the part A of the 90% solids Nepheline Syenite filled epoxy. Polyamide thickener = 1% loading by wt based on total formula (the calculation includes part B). Mixing: 85°F @ blade tip speed of 4.1m/s
the adhesive to shear-thin down to a lower viscosity for user application to substrates. The next set of experimental results evaluate whether the new polyamides which have been developed can provide value added benefit to an industrial 100% solids adhesive formulation when compared to a currently available polyamide thickener additive used in commercial adhesives. For this experiment, an MS Polymer formulation was chosen as the resin system since this is a commonly used adhesive in the industry. A reduced set of the polyamide thickeners were evaluated, which included Polyamide 1, Polyamide 2, and Reference 3. Reference 3 is a commercial polyamide thickener which is different than was used in the previous experiments but it is a frequently used polyamide thickener in commercial industrial adhesives. Different MS Polymer adhesive samples based on each of the different polyamides were prepared at three different temperatures of mixing: 111°F, 131°F and 141°F. The three different temperatures help to show a performance profile of each of the polyamides and demonstrates their differences. The low shear viscosity results of the sample made at the three mixing temperatures are shown in Graph 5. The Reference 3 thickener shows lower viscosity at the lowest mixing temperature of 111°F. The viscosity it produces shifts higher as the mixing temperature increases. This again falls within what is expected for the typical behaviour of a number of the current commercial polyamide thickeners, in that they perform better when higher mixing temperatures are used and they tend to perform poorer when lower temperatures are used for mixing. The new polyamides, Polyamide 1 and Polyamide 2, show an opposite behaviour as compared to the Reference
Graph 5. Low shear viscosity at 0.1s-1 for MS Polymer samples made with each of the polyamide thickeners at each of the three different mixing temperatures
3 polyamide. They produce their highest viscosity at the lowest mixing temperature. As the temperature of mixing increases, their viscosity thickening performance decreases. Polyamide 1 has the best thickener performance of the set of three polyamides which were tested. When the results of Polyamide 1 are compared with the commercial Reference 3, at all of the temperatures in the experiment, the Polyamide 1 thickener outperforms the Reference 3 thickener. The difference at the lowest mixing temperature is quite substantial, with the Polyamide 1 thickener producing a viscosity that is 3,000,000cps greater than the commercial reference sample. This highlights the capability of the new Polyamides to be able to activate at the lower temperatures even in a 100% solids commercial-type adhesive formulation. This ability to activate and provide thickening at lower temperatures than are typically required for other commercial thickeners, can be a notable financial benefit for adhesive and sealant manufacturers. • Lower temperatures > requires less energy to heat > saves money • Lower temperatures > less time to heat up and cool down > shortens manufacturing times > improve production throughput > increases plant output Reduction of expenses and improvement of manufacturing throughput both can improve the profitability of adhesives and coatings manufacturing.
suite of three polyamide thickeners are able to work in a wide range of industrial resin systems and solvents, as was demonstrated in the preceding sections using epoxy, urethane and MS Polymer industrial formulations. By being able to activate at lower mixing temperatures, the new polyamides have the potential to reduce manufacturing costs and to improve manufacturing plant throughput, possibly without the need for capital equipment investment. The potential manufacturing benefits include: • Reduced production energy • Reduced production time • Increased manufacturing capacity • Due to higher thickener performance efficiency, it can reduce the thickener cost The new polyamide thickeners satisfy some of the more stringent requirements that are unmet by current commercial polyamide thickeners in evolving high solids formulations for coatings, adhesives and sealants. PPCJ
References 1. Heck, J; Chen, Y; IJdo, W. “Advanced Organic Thixotropes for Modern Solvent Based Systems”, Proceedings of 2015 European Coatings Show, Nuremburg, Apr. 4-6, 2015. 2. Heck, J; Hennessy, T; Chen, Y; IJdo, W. “Modern Organic Thixotropes for Advanced Solvent Based Coatings and Adhesives”, Paint and Coatings Industry, Oct. 2015, pp. 40-43. This article is taken from a paper given at the 2018
nnSUMMARY Three new polyamide thickeners have been developed that have unique performance strengths for providing good thickening using mixing temperatures that are lower than what is typically used in adhesive and coating manufacturing using current commercial polyamide thickeners. This
ACC, which took place in Indianapolis, USA
Contact Author: James Heck, Ph.D. Industrial Coatings Application Manager Elementis Global, 469 Old Trenton Rd. East Windsor, NJ 08512, USA Email: jim.heck@elementis.com Website: www.elementis.com
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ADDITIVES
Cortec additives integrate many technologies along with proprietary VpCI® chemistry in order to eliminate corrosion caused by corrosive fluids, chlorides or humid environments.
Helping prevent corrosion one molecule at a time!
F
or the last 40 years the Cortec Corporation has provided world class corrosion solutions for industries across the globe. The Company delivers cost-effective, user friendly integrated solutions for corrosion problems in various industries and today is a global leader in innovative, environmentally responsible VpCI® corrosion control technologies. While Cortec has developed 100s of innovative corrosion inhibiting products, its additives line focusses on corrosion inhibitors that manufacturers or industrial users can add directly to their own products or systems for enhanced metal protection. Cortec additives provide excellent contact protection with additional vapour phase protection for metals in void spaces. When introduced to a void space, VpCI molecules in these additives vaporise and diffuse throughout the enclosure and adsorb on metal surfaces. This thin molecular, hydrophobic layer protects the metal against corrosive elements, such as oxygen, moisture and chlorides. Markus Bieber, Cortec’s Director of Sales – High Performance Coatings & Additives, feels there is a tremendous potential for these additives in the market: “Formulators are being pressured more and more to provide better performance while reducing environmental impact. As traditionally used corrosion inhibitors are being phased out due to health and environmental concerns, the market needs solutions which work,” stated Mr Bieber.
nnUSED IN MULTIPLE INDUSTRIES Coatings and Paints (plus inks): These additives for waterborne and solvent-based coatings provide corrosion protection for ferrous and non-ferrous metals. They offer a new world of protection possibilities as VpCI technology offers protection at very low dry film thicknesses. VpCI coating additives show excellent performance with low viscosity and can be easily blended into the product at any stage of manufacturing. They cover systems, such as acrylics, urethanes, epoxies, alkyds and more.
Lubricants and Greases: Cortec’s full line of additives offers versatile corrosion inhibitor packages for both solvent- and oil-based lube and grease systems. A common misconception is that oilbased products are naturally strong rust preventatives. While oil itself can help displace moisture, a good corrosion inhibiting additive can significantly increase protection of lube and grease systems. Water Treatments: Protecting other water systems is an important step for in-process maintenance and protection during seasonal layup. Rather than using more hazardous treatments, Cortec’s additives include several ‘greener’ or lower toxicity alternatives to effectively protect and maintain equipment.
nnDEMONSTRATING EFFECTIVENESS OF ADDITIVES TECHNOLOGY
A major coatings manufacturer was not satisfied with its stabilising primer for roof preparation. The primer was used as a stabiliser for rust and paint on metal roofs before an elastomeric roofing system was installed. The manufacturer needed a solution to its corrosion problems while meeting VOC regulations and not detracting from the superior adhesion properties, flexibility and other important properties in the primer.
Fuels, Crude Oil, and Natural Gas: Industries often require the use of large and small fuel storage tanks and systems. However, this raises concerns about fuel separation and corrosion of new equipment fuel tanks during shipping and storage. Natural gas and crude oil gatherings are also understandably at risk for corrosion through the harshness of the elements flowing through them. Cortec’s fuel additives help alleviate these problems with a variety of additives to provide corrosion protection and stability. Vapour phase protection is especially valuable when fuel runs low in tanks or needs to be kept to a minimum for simpler, more cost-effective storage and shipment. Metalworking and Hydraulic Fluid: Incorporating corrosion inhibitors directly into metalworking and hydraulic fluids enhances corrosion protection and streamlines the process to avoid significant economic losses from corrosion damage. There is a variety of additives for use with oil, water-based, and synthetic metalworking and hydraulic fluids protect metal pieces from flash corrosion during the metalworking process, while also providing protection to the cutting and machining equipment.
Because of the elastomeric nature and high adhesion of the primer, the manufacturer chose Cortec M-380 Additive. The properties of the additive suggested the possibility of carboxylic functionality along the resin’s backbone, which meant M-380 would bond easily with the primer. The result was Cortec additives increased the performance of the primer dramatically. For more information, please visit www. cortecvci.com PPCJ
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WATERBORNE COATINGS
Andrew Shooter, Tom Annable and Stuart Richards, Lubrizol Performance Coatings, UK, discuss the design principles of pigment dispersants and show how these have translated into superior performance in waterborne industrial coatings
Design of pigment dispersants for high-performance applications Abstract: With increasing regulatory and environmental requirements, there is a drive towards developing water-based VOC free pigmented coating formulations with the same aesthetic properties as solvent-based systems. The pigment dispersant in addition to providing fast wetting and desirable colouristic effects will also impact the overall durability of the coating. Novel anchor groups have enabled us to design improved dispersants, which can be formulated into coatings with superior jetness and colour strength. These dispersants can reduce the particle size in much less time than conventional dispersants using less energy during the milling process while providing the required stability and compatibility in the coating formulation. In addition, through efficiency in design coupled with judicious selection of stabilising chains, the dispersant can be optimised to minimise its impact on water sensitivity and corrosion resistance. After proving that these principles deliver superior dispersants on organic pigments and carbon black, our recent focus has been to deliver the same benefits on high end inorganic pigments for industrial applications, such as transparent iron oxides. In this paper, we will discuss these design principles and show how this has translated into superior performance in waterborne industrial coatings.
Figure 1. Optimising the dosage of a dispersant and the relationship to flocculation
Figure 2. Classification of dispersants
T
o achieve desirable aesthetic properties in a coating a pigment should be well dispersed to a particle size appropriate for the application. In some applications, high transparency is critical (smaller particles) where as in other coatings opacity and hiding are more important (larger particles). Pigment dispersants are essential for stabilising pigment particles, preventing reagglomeration which would otherwise lead to instability in both the millbase or final coating in both the wet and dry state. A well designed dispersant is critical, as in addition to achieving excellent tinctorial properties, such as gloss, haze and colour strength, there should be no negative impact on the final coating properties, such as water or corrosion resistance. Polymeric pigment dispersants are designed to have a segmented structure with a pigment loving anchoring segment and a solvent loving stabilisation chain. In aqueous dispersions, a hydrophobic anchor is advantageous as this will be more attracted to the pigment surface. In aqueous systems stabilisation can be achieved by having either water soluble steric chains or surface charge to enable electrostatic repulsion between the pigment particles. Dispersion in a waterborne system can be complicated by the dispersion media, as let down environments may be of a different polarity and contain other thickeners, binders, co-solvents or surfactants. Changes in electrolyte concentration or pH can also impact dispersion stability. The amount of dispersant required is based on the pigment surface area. As a rule of thumb, 2mg/m2 of polymeric Hyperdispersant is a good starting point. The theoretical amount of dispersant used in formulations can be referred to as the agent on weight of pigment (AOWP), and the %AOWP can be calculated by dividing the pigment surface area by five. The optimum dosage is then determined by preparing a ladder series based around this calculated value. There will always be an optimum AOWP for a dispersant; using dispersants below the optimum
AOWP provides too little surface coverage (low dosage) and can lead to bridging flocculation whereas too much dispersant (high dosage) can lead to depletion flocculation, both of which will cause undesirable increases in viscosity, (see Figure 1). A well designed pigment dispersant will have a well defined structure with good control of molecular weight and an optimum balance of stabilising segments to anchor segments. When this is achieved the actual amount of dispersant required can be less than the theoretical requirement. This is advantageous as less hydrophilic material is introduced to the coating formulation, which may eventually impact coating durability by attracting water from the surface environment. There are many ways to classify pigment dispersants. In this paper we have classified dispersants into two main types: Single Anchor (SA) dispersants, which tend to be low molecular weight with only one anchor group and Multiple Anchor (MA) dispersants, which tend to be higher molecular weight with several different anchor groups. See Figure 2. MA dispersants benefit from being able to disperse many different pigments as they will have an affinity for different surfaces. Dispersants anchor to the pigment surface using a combination of Van der Waals, ionic and hydrogen bonding interactions. A good MA dispersant will have a distribution of functionalities that can achieve all these functions. The disadvantage of multiple anchor dispersants may be longer milling times due to the slower wetting associated with the presence of higher molecular weight species. Lower molecular weight single anchor dispersants, which are faster diffusing, can offer superior performance on selected pigments due to faster wetting and stabilisation. Often a disadvantage of a single anchor dispersant is reduced milling stability of the dispersion. We have developed novel SA technology that enhances the interaction with the pigment surface and can provide equivalent stability
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Figure 3. Dispersion of high surface area carbon black pigment with SA dispersant
to an MA dispersant. Figure 3 highlights the ability of Lubrizol’s novel SA dispersant to reduce the particle size of a high surface area carbon black pigment (25% pigment loading, 70% AOWP) after six, 60 and 240min. The milling energy required for the novel SA dispersant is considerably less than the competitive control. The novel SA dispersant reduces the pigment particle size to less than 60nm, whereas the competitive control does not achieve a particle size to less than 100nm after 240min. The resulting mill base when let down into an automotive acrylic resin, produced a coating with exceptionally high jetness (Mc>300). This novel dispersant is excellent for carbon black and organic pigments but its anchoring group will not interact well with inorganic pigments. The dispersion of carbon black, organic and inorganic pigments can only be achieved using a multi anchor (MA) dispersant. It is challenging optimising the different functionalities in the dispersant molecule for each surface. The chart in Figure 4 shows how this is achieved by changing the polarity of the anchor group. Mill base viscosity is a good indicator of dispersion performance; when this is low the pigment can be considered well dispersed. Any flocculation will result in gelation or sedimentation and the viscosity of the mill base will increase. The novel SA polymer as anticipated performs very well on an industrial grade Carbon Black 7 but high viscosity occurs when dispersing a Pigment Yellow 42. Dispersants MA1, MA2 and MA3 are experimental candidates which have different polarity anchor groups. As the dispersion performance is improved on the Pigment Yellow 42 the performance on Carbon Black 7 diminishes. The novel MA dispersant, which chemically has a different back bone, is very effective across the pigment range. Our novel MA dispersants are designed so they can be used at a dosage of around 15% to 20% less than current commercial materials. As the dispersants are more efficient we observe less negative impact
Figure 4. Developing an effective MA dispersant and impact on millbase viscosity
Figure 4A. Carbon black dispersion gloss and colour strength when let down into an industrial white base
Figure 4B. Pigment Yellow 42 gloss and colour strength when let down into an industrial white base
Figure 5. SEM images of transparent iron oxides. Yellow iron oxide (left) and red (right)
on final film properties, such as water or corrosion resistance. In a carbon black formulation at 25% pigment loading, the optimum AOWP using the MA dispersant is reduced from 60% to 50%. Even at this lower dosage when the millbase was let down into an industrial white base the tinctorial properties were better than the competitive control (Figure 4A). In an industrial Pigment Yellow 42 formulation, the optimum AOWP using the MA dispersant is reduced from 4% to 3%. This results in an equivalent gloss and colour strength in an industrial white base to the competitive control (Figure 4B).
nnDISPERSION OF TRANSPARENT IRON OXIDES
Transparent iron oxides used in wood finish or automotive coatings are much smaller than standard iron oxides which make them agglomerate very strongly. They have a needle like shape and are more challenging to disperse. The SEM images in Figure 5 highlight the similarities between a commercially available red and yellow transparent iron oxide, most grades have needle like particles of size 20-100nm. We have determined the optimum conditions for milling these pigments using
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Figure 6. Millbase viscosity and particle size at different concentrations of transparent iron oxide Figure 9. Particle size distributions of pigment dispersion during the milling process
Figure 7. Transparent iron oxide millbase viscosity and particle size at different loadings of dispersant
Figure 8. Opacity of yellow iron oxide dispersions in an automotive clear coat vs milling time
our novel MA dispersants. Initial work focussed on a low energy milling test using a paint shaker with 3mm glass beads. In Figure 6 the pigment loading was varied in water maintaining the ratio of dispersant to pigment constant at 20% AOWP. At 30% pigment loading, despite the viscosity being very low after milling, the particle size was not reduced. We believe at this pigment concentration there was not enough shear in the milling process. Despite the relatively short milling time (1hr) we observed good particle size reduction at 35 and 40% pigment loading. However at pigment concentrations above 45% we observed an increase in viscosity and particle size. At 40% pigment loading we investigated lowering the dosage of MA dispersant but the reduction in particle size was not as efficient. Increasing the dosage to 25% improves the particle size reduction and overall stability as shown in Figure 7.
In order to improve transparency of the coating, milling on a paint shaker had to be increased to 8hr. The Contrast Ratio Opacity (OP) was used to compare the effectiveness of the dispersion formulation once the mill base was let down into an automotive acrylic clear coat. OP can be determined after the coating has been applied to black and white card. OP is the ratio of the Y value over the black card to the Y value over the white card. Y values are determined using a spectrophotometer. As anticipated, a high energy mill was more efficient at reducing the particle size of the inorganic pigment and low opacity was achieved in 2.5hr as shown in Figure 8. Yellow iron oxide was also dispersed using a high energy mill (40% pigment loading with 25% AOWP) and we observed a milling time of 1.5hr to reduce the particle size to under 90nm. Reducing the particle size is important but for exceptional transparency it is essential to break down all the large aggregated particles. Examining the actual particle size distribution helps to identify dispersants that are particularly effective at dispersing the transparent pigments. In Figure 9 the particle size average was similar at 10, 60 and 150min but the optimised dispersant MA2 was more effective than MA1 at breaking down agglomerated pigment particles of 19906440nm size. We have observed a linear relationship between particle size and viscosity as shown in Figure 10. Using a well-designed dispersant for transparent iron oxides we have demonstrated that a contrast ratio opacity of less than 4.0 can be achieved, which is better than all the competitive dispersants that we have evaluated.
nnDISPERSION OF TITANIUM DIOXIDE Titanium dioxide pigments present a different challenge for our dispersion technology. The key attributes for this pigment type are high opacity and
Figure 10. Relationship between particle size and opacity for yellow iron oxide dispersion
whiteness. TiO2 pigment properties are determined by the base pigment and finishing process. We have developed a well-designed MA dispersant for TiO2 and have demonstrated the effectiveness on several TiO2grades at a pigment concentration of 75% with 2% AOWP. In our screen tests the pigments were dispersed in water with a small quantity of humectant and defoamer. The MA dispersant provided a very stable millbase with respect to viscosity and was more stable than the four competitive controls as shown in Figure 11. The resulting TiO2 millbase was let down into an acrylic resin (25% TiO2 in coating). The MA dispersant produced the highest Berger whiteness at equivalent opacity to the competitive controls. Over all the gloss of the coating was improved, with the 20o gloss significantly better than competitive controls. We have discovered that producing a stable low mill base viscosity translates to improved coating properties. The spider diagrams in Figure 12 highlight the benefits of our MA dispersant on two different TiO2 pigments. Grade 1 is manufactured by the chloride process with Al and Si treatment, whereas Grade 2 is manufactured by the sulphate process with Al and Zr treatment. Viscosity, storage stability, particle size stability, drawdown quality (gloss and bits), Berger whiteness and opacity have
28 PPCJ • September 2018 www.coatingsgroup.com
LUBRIZOL SEPT.indd 3
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North African Coatings Congress 2018
24 – 25 October 2018 Hyatt Hotel, Casablanca, Morocco
Where the decision makers meet www.coatingsgroup.com
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Figure 11. Dispersion of TiO2 with MA dispersant vs competitive controls
Figure 13. Top: Corrosion testing of TiO2 dispersion in acrylic coating. Bottom: Corrosion testing of titanium dioxide dispersion in 2K epoxy coating
Figure 12. Performance of MA dispersant on TiO2 pigments
all been rated out of 10. Note that the MA dispersant shows improvements in coating quality on both cases over the four competitor samples. The MA dispersant in addition to providing fast wetting and desirable colouristic effects must not negatively impact the overall durability of the coating. For this reason, a further study was conducted to assess the corrosion performance of our novel MA dispersant. TiO2 pigment was dispersed at 55% with 2.6% AOWP using a high-speed disperser until a fineness <20µm was achieved. The resulting millbase was let down into either a waterborne 1K acrylic paint or waterborne 2K epoxy paint and coated on to cold rolled steel. All coatings were air dried for seven days then subjected to salt spray or salt immersion in a 5% NaCl solution at 35oC. Figure 13 shows the panels with the acrylate system at the end of this test. Note that in this system, there is 0.5% dispersant in the total formulation. In the 1K acrylate system, it is obvious that the Competitor 2 sample is failing, although this was to be expected as the type of dispersant was a sodium polyacrylate type and very hydrophilic. The
novel MA dispersant showed improvement over Competitor 1, which had more blisters. The same result was observed in a 2K epoxy system as shown in Figure 13.
nnCONCLUSION The design of pigment dispersants is very important for the dispersion of pigments. Single anchor (SA) dispersants work very effectively on specific pigments, whereas multi anchor (MA) dispersants have better compatibility with many pigment types and can help disperse carbon black, organic and inorganic pigments. We have highlighted the performance of MA type dispersants on inorganic pigments and challenges in designing these molecules. We have been able to synthesise MA dispersants that work well not only on both opaque or transparent iron oxides but also titanium dioxide. As our MA dispersants have been designed to minimise hydrophilicity in the molecule we see benefits in the final coatings with respect to corrosion resistance. We have also demonstrated that we can use our MA dispersants at a lower dosage than competitive controls. PPCJ
This article is taken from a paper given at the 2018 ACC, which took place in Indianapolis, USA
Contact Author: Andrew Shooter, Synthesis Group Leader, Peformance Coatings, Lubrizol Limited, Lab WM020, PO Box 42, Hexagon Tower, Blackley Manchester, M9 8ZS (M9 8GQ), UK Tel: +44(0)161 7216826 Email: andrew.shooter@lubrizol.com Website: www.lubrizol.com
30 PPCJ • September 2018 www.coatingsgroup.com
LUBRIZOL SEPT.indd 4
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BUYERS’ GUIDE
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This review of titanium dioxide grades will help you find the right product for your formulation. The guide includes light coloured grades for coloured coatings but does not include transparent grades
Titanium dioxide Density
13.9~
4.0
High gloss, easy wet-in, excellent durability, good hiding, excellent dispersibility blue undertone.
Exterior architectural, durable industrial (coil and powder coatings), automotive top coats.
15.2~
4.0
Good gloss, high hiding power and excellent dispersibility.
Interior architectural, non-durable industrial, can coil coatings, e-coat.
Al, Si,*
16.2~
4.0
Excellent balance of chalk resistance, hiding and gloss with outstanding dispersion performance.
Architectural, industrial & powder coatings with moderate durability requirements.
90
Al, Si
18.7~
3.9
Outstanding exterior durability: excellent gloss & colour retention and chalk resistance.
Premium grade for superdurable industrial, OEM, Refinish, Aerospace, powder and speciality coatings.
R2
93
Al, Si,*
16~
4.0
Outstanding exterior durability: excellent gloss & colour retention, high gloss, good hiding, super processability - all in one premium pigment.
Premium grade for superdurable industrial, OEM, Refinish, Aerospace, powder and speciality coatings.
Ti-Pure™ Select TS-6300
R3
82
Al, Si
37~
3.7
Maximum hiding power and exceptional brightness in high quality flat paints.
Premium grade for next generation premium interior architectural paints offered in selected markets as Ti-Pure™ One Coat Systems Solution. Recommended grade for flat/laminated inks.
RC 82
R2
94
Al, Si
20
4.0
Good light and weather resistance, high whiteness, hiding power, dispersibility.
Industrial, decorative, road marking paints, inks and powder coatings.
RC 84
R3
88
Al, Si
25
3.7
Better optical properties in aqueous systems by higher PVC range.
Highly pigmented emulsion paints, flat ceiling and wall paints.
RC 86
R3
80
Al, Si
38
3.5
High hiding power in high PVC formulations.
Emulsion paints, flat coatings, wallpaper and printing inks, paper coatings.
RC 813
R2
93
Al*
19
4.0
Excellent dispersibility, high gloss, tinting strength and good hiding power.
Decorative paints, industrial paints, wood finishes especially for interior use.
RC 818
R2
96
Al*
18
3.7
Micronised hydrophobic grade with good dispersibility.
Masterbatches and indoor plastics.
RC 823
R2
94
Al, Si*
20
4.1
Good light and weather stability, good gloss in solvent-based systems, good optical properties, good dispersibility.
Industrial paints, gloss emulsion paints, printing inks, masterbatches, house paints and primers.
RC 833
R2
94
Al, Zr*
19
4.1
Multi-purpose pigment with high durability, weather and light resistance, good gloss.
Interior and exterior architectural paints, alkyd paints and powder coatings.
CCA 100 AS
Waterborne ultrafine TiO2 suspension with photocatalytic properties, with acidic pH.
Degradation of organic pollutants and for easy to clean surfaces.
CCA 100 BS
Waterborne ultrafine TiO2 suspension with high photocatalytic properties for the outdoor applications.
Degradation of organic pollutants, DeNOx, purification of air and water (concrete, coatings, roof tiles, concrete tiles).
CCR 200 N
Waterborne ultrafine TiO2 suspension with improved photocatalytic properties in UV and visible light spectrum.
Indoor and outdoor applications, degradation of organic pollutants, DeNOx, purification of air and water (concrete products, coatings, roof tiles).
Surface treatment
Recommended uses/Main applications
Grade
TiO2 %
Main properties
Company
ISO 591 Class
Oil absorption
Titanium dioxide buyers’ guide CHEMOURS
Ti-Pure™ R-706
R2
94
Al, Si*
Ti-Pure™ R-900
R2
94
Al
Ti-Pure™ R-902+
R2
94
Ti-Pure™ R-960
R2
Ti-Pure™ Select TS-6200
CINKARNA CELJE
CCR 220 Mn
Al
Waterborne doped ultrafine rutile TiO2 suspension for long term UV protection with enhanced weather resistance.
UV absorber for long term protection for industrial and wood coatings.
CCR 150
Al, Fe
Waterborne ultrafine TiO2 suspension with excellent UV protection.
Water-based wood lazures, industrial coatings.
Waterborne doped ultrafine TiO2 suspension for UV protection with good transparency.
UV protecting cosmetic products.
Waterborne ultrafine TiO2 suspension for UV protection with good transparency.
UV protecting cosmetic products.
CCR 200 Mn CCR 110 * Organically treated
** Information not available
Si
As measured by Chemours Titanium Technologies T4400.010.06.WP https://www.chemours.com/Titanium_Technologies/en_US/tech_info/test_methods/Determination_of_Oil_Absorption.pdf
31 PPCJ • September 2018 www.coatingsgroup.com
TiO2 Guide 2018 .indd 1
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Density
Maximum dry hide in high PVC paints.
Flat decorative paints for walls and ceilings.
20
4.0
Multi-purpose product with good optical properties and durability.
Exterior decorative and industrial coatings except those requiring a high level of durability.
Al, Si*
21
4.0
A pigment providing very high durability and good optical properties.
Solvent- and water-based industrial applications and powder coatings where durability is required.
95
Al, Zr*
18
4.1
A universal product with excellent optical properties and good durability.
Interior and exterior decorative coatings; some industrial coatings – refinish, powder, marine.
R2
95
Al, Zr*
19
4.1
High gloss, multi-purpose pigment. Excellent opacity, gloss, durability and colour stability.
Interior and exterior decorative and industrial coatings; refinish, powder and marine coatings.
TiONA® 696
R2
92
Al, Si*
21
4.0
A super-durable product combined with high opacity and gloss. Excellent chalk retention.
Exterior industrial applications including coil, powder, automotive, marine and protective coatings.
TiKON™ TR-33
R2
94
Al, Zr*
21g/ 100g
4.1
Provides exceptional dispersion in both water and solvent based systems giving good opacity, high whiteness and moderate durability.
General purpose coatings pigment for can coatings, powder coatings, general industrial coatings, architectural coatings, rubber and plastisols.
TiKON™ TR-35
R2
94
Al, Zr*
21g/ 100g
4.1
Combines good opacity, high whiteness, easy wetting and dispersion.
Designed for use as a general product for interior water and solventbased coatings.
CristalACTiV ™ PC500
N/A
~85
None
N/A
N/A
High surface area and high purity ultrafine TiO2 powder, having low sulphate content.
Photocatalytic applications • Selfcleaning; • De-pollution; • De-odourising.
CristalACTiV ™ S5-300B
N/A
~18
None
N/A
~1.1
Stable aqueous alkaline dispersion (sol) of ultrafine TiO2 particles.
Photocatalytic applications • Selfcleaning; • De-pollution; • De-odourising.
CristalACTiV ™ PC-S7
N/A
~10
None
N/A
~1.1
Stable aqueous dispersion (sol) of ultrafine TiO2 particles with high surface area (dry) and neutral moderately alkaline pH.
Can be used as a surface treatment for de-pollution and self-cleaning on many types of substrates, as well as a component of coatings formulations.
Tytanpol R-001
R2
95
Al*
21
4.1
Good optical properties, easily dispersed and durable to weathering conditions.
Broad application; decorative paints printing inks and industrial coatings.
Tytanpol R-002
R2
92
Al*
23
4.0
Good optical properties, easily dispersed and durable to weathering conditions.
High gloss paints, printing inks, stoving enamels, lacquers.
Tytanpol R-003
R2
94
Al, Zr*
21
4.1
Good optical properties, easily dispersed and higher resistance to weathering conditions (low chalking).
Multi-purpose pigment, industrial and decorative paints (interior and exterior) powder coatings, plastic, paper.
Tytanpol R-210
R2
94
Al, Si*
24
4.0
Good optical properties, easily dispersed and highly durable to weathering conditions.
Broad applications: coatings, interior and exterior paints, plastics.
Tytanpol R-211
R2
92
Al, Si*
28
3.9
Good optical properties, easily dispersed and highly durable to weathering conditions.
Semi-matte and matte applications, interior and exterior paints.
Tytanpol R-213
R3
82
Al, Si*
35
3.7
Excellent hiding power, dry hiding effect, high whiteness, readily dispersible, resistant to weathering conditions.
Paints of high PVC – matte and silky gloss, paper, leather.
Tytanpol R-220
R2
92
Al, Si*
25
3,9
A chalk resistant pigment with high colour and gloss retention.
Particularly recommended to polyvinyl chloride (flexible and rigid), engineering plastics and moderate filled masterbatches.
Tytanpol RS
R1
98
Al*
18
4.1
Good optical properties, does not cause lacing in plastic films, easy wetting and dispersing in polymer matrix.
Masterbatches and broad palette of plastics, rubber.
Tytanpol R-310
R3
88
Al*
21
3.8
Good optical properties and dispersibility. Photostable.
Laminated paper, decorative paper and thermosetting plastics.
Surface treatment
3.9
TiO2 %
38
ISO 591 Class
Recommended uses/Main applications
Grade
CRISTAL
TiONA® 113
R3
87
Al, Si*
TiONA® 121
R2
94
Al, Si*
TiONA® 122
R2
92
TiONA® 128
R2
TiONA® 595
* Organically treated
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Main properties
Company
GRUPA AZOTY ZAKLADY CHEMICZNE POLICE SA
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32 PPCJ • September 2018 www.coatingsgroup.com
TiO2 Guide 2018 .indd 2
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Density
High brightness and warm white tone combined with excellent opacity in heavily filled paints, good dispersibility.
High PVC emulsion paints and inks.
41
3.6
High brightness and neutral tone, maximum opacity in heavily filled paints.
High PVC emulsion paints, matte flexographic inks and paper coatings.
Al, Si
27
3.8
High brightness and neutral tone, improves wet and dry opacity.
Heavily filled systems, such as paper coatings, matte emulsion paints and lamination printing inks.
94.0
Al, Si
21
4.1
Warm white tone combined with good opacity, good weather durability.
Air-drying coatings, silicate paints, plasters, silicone resin paints and impregnating baths for laminates.
R2
95.0
AI
18
4.1
Superior opacity and tinting strength.
Narrow-particle sized pigment with a neutral tone and low abrasion values for high-gloss and flexographic inks. Additionally suitable for interior industrial and wood coatings.
KRONOS 2066
R2
95.0
AI
17
4.1
Excellent opacity and dispersibility, high gloss and low abrasivity, is in compliance as a colourant for Indirect Food Contact (FDA 21 CFR.178.3297).
High gloss printing inks, can coating, interior industrial coatings and wood finishes.
KRONOS 2160
R2
90.5
Al, Si
18
3.9
Very good opacity combined with superior weather resistance performance.
OEM, refinish and aerospace coatings, industrial and powder coatings.
KRONOS 2190
R2
94.0
Al, Zr
18
4.1
Superior dispersibility combined with high tinting strength and opacity, high gloss, low haze and good weather durability.
Universal pigment for architectural coatings and industrial paints.
KRONOS 2300
R2
94.0
AI
17
4.1
Good dispersibility, high opacity and brightness, clean tone.
Decorative and wood coatings, packaging and industrial paints.
KRONOS 2310
R2
92.5
Al, Si, Zr
17
4.0
Very good weather durability, opacity and dispersibility, clean tone.
All-round pigment for high-end applications, such as refinish and marine paints, coil coatings, protective and powder coatings.
KRONOS 2360
R2
92.0
Al, Si
19
3.9
Highest weather durability and brightness, neutral tone, outstanding opacity, good dispersibility.
Premium universal grade for eg exterior heavy duty applications, automotive, marine, coil and powder coatings.
KRONOS 2800
R3
89.0
AI
22
3.8
Excellent opacity and retention, high brightness and neutral tone, superior UV greying resistance and non-yellowing temperature stability.
Laminated paper and decor foils.
KRONOCLEAN 7000 visible light photocatalyst
N/A
>87.5
None
67
2.9
Ultra-fine TiO2 with no pigmentary properties for the photocatalytic degradation of organic and inorganic pollutants.
Optimised for high indoor photoactivity in coatings, plastic films, window profiles, fibres, for self cleaning of surfaces, reduction of pollutions of air and water.
KRONOCLEAN 7050 UV-light photocatalyst
N/A
85.0
None
61
2.9
Ultra-fine TiO2 with no pigmentary properties.
Optimised for photoactivity in UV radiation, for self-cleaning of surfaces, concrete, roofing concrete, roofing tiles, plastic films etc.
Pretiox AV01SF
A1
99
–
20
3.9
Super-fine milled grade, high brightness.
Interior air drying paints, primers, paper coatings and paper pulp.
Pretiox AV01FG
A1
99
–
20
3.9
Pure anatase Food/Pharma Grade (E-171, FDA, PhEur, JP, USP, Kosher, Halal).
Foodstuffs, pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, cigarette paper, pet food.
Pretiox AVSL slurry
A1
65
–*
–
1.9
High concentrated anatase pigment good dispersibility, 66% solid content.
Waterborne interior wall paints, coating pigment in paper industry.
Pretiox CG11
A1
99
24
3.9
Super-fine milled semi-pigmentary TiO2 with UVlight photocatalytic properties.
Inert constituent for addition into cement, fresh concrete and paste-plasters based on silicates.
Pretiox CG100
N/A
>92
–
Super-fine no pigmentary anatase TiO2, for catalytic preparations.
Addition into cement, fresh concrete and paste-plasters based on silicates. For photocatalytic functional paints.
Pretiox CG300
N/A
>87
–
Super-fine no pigmentary anatase TiO2, UV-light photocatalytic grade.
Preparation of Claus catalyst, ceramic pigments preparation, photocatalytic application.
Surface treatment
3.7
TiO2 %
35
ISO 591 Class
Recommended uses/Main applications
Grade
KRONOS
KRONOS 2043
R3
84.0
Al, Si
KRONOS 2044
R3
82.0
Al, Si
KRONOS 2047
R3
88.0
KRONOS 2056
R2
KRONOS 2064
* Organically treated
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Main properties
Company
PRECHEZA
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47
** Information not available
33 PPCJ • September 2018 www.coatingsgroup.com
TiO2 Guide 2018 .indd 3
29/08/2018 16:56
VENATOR
* Organically treated
Pretiox PK20A
N/A
>92
–
Pretiox R200M
R1
99
*
16
4.2
Micronised grade, inorganic untreated.
Primers, solvent-based road marking paints.
Pretiox R200P
R1
99
*
16
4.2
Micronised grade, inorganic untreated grade with high opacity and good dispersion.
Masterbatches, floor coverings, thermoplastic road marking.
Pretiox RGX
R1
98
Al*
**
4.2
Micronised hydrophobic grade.
Plastics, pigment concentrates.
Pretiox RG18P
R2
94
Al, SI*
**
4.0
Special hydrophobic grade with excellent weathering resistance.
Engineering plastics, masterbatches powder coatings.
Pretiox RGLP2
R2
91
Al, Si*
–
4.0
Micronised high durable grade.
Laminated paper production.
Pretiox RGU
R2
95
Al, Si*
20
4.1
Multi-purpose micronised grade with good tintreducing power.
Industrial solvent paints, decorative paint, paper coatings.
Pretiox RGZW
R2
95
Ai, Zr*
20
4.1
Micronised, high durable and good dispersed hydrophilic grade.
High quality waterborne paints, powder coatings.
Pretiox UVS30
N/A
90
Al, Si
–
3.9
Ultra-fine rutile grade with excellent UV absorption and negligible photoactivity.
Sun protection creams and lotions with high SPF, lipsticks and make-up.
Hitox
R2
95
23
4.1
Cost-effective buff TiO2 (rutile) pigment for partial replacement of white TiO2 and other prime pigments. Easily dispersed.
Interior and exterior paints, powder, solvent waterborne coatings.
Hitox Gray
R2
91
24
4.1
Cost-effective gray TiO2 (rutile) pigment content partial replacement of white TiO2 and other prime pigments. Easily dispersed.
Interior and exterior paints, powder, solvent waterborne coatings.
Tioprem 250 Beige
R2
95
**
23
4.1
Beige TiO2 (rutile) pigment, heat stable to 250°C with good gloss and opacity. Easily dispersed.
Powder coatings.
Tioprem 250 Gray
R2
91
**
24
4.1
Gray TiO2 (rutile) pigment, heat stable to 250°C with good gloss and opacity. Easily dispersed.
Powder coatings.
CR-813
R3
87
Al, Si*
37
3.7
Outstanding brightness, high tinting strength and opacity in both water- and solvent-based flat finishes.
Water- and solvent-based flat architectural coatings. Low gloss flexographic inks.
CR-822
R2
93
Al, Si*
19
4.0
Combines high durability, gloss retention and chalk resistance in exterior applications with excellent optical properties.
Interior and exterior industrial coatings. Powder coatings, coil and marine finishes. Solvent- and waterbased coatings.
CR-826
R2
93
Al, Si*
18
4.0
Universal product combining very high durability, gloss retention and chalk resistance in exterior applications with excellent optical performance.
Industrial coatings. Interior and exterior architectural coatings. Powder coatings. Coil and marine finishes. Solvent- and water-based coatings.
CR-828
R2
95
Al, Zr*
17
4.1
High gloss, low haze, blue undertone, multipurpose grade. Easy dispersing, outstanding opacity with good durability.
Interior and exterior, solvent- and water-based architectural coatings. Interior industrial. High resistivity version available for e-coat applications.
CR-880
R2
91
Al, Si*
19
4.0
Ultra high durability. Exceptional chalk resistance, gloss and tint retention. Good gloss, opacity and dispersibility.
Automotive, aerospace and exterior industrial coatings, coil and powder coatings. Marine coatings.
ALTIRIS ® W400
V111
93
Al, Si
20
4.1
For white, bright and pastel exterior coatings and plastic materials requiring enhanced solar reflectance, reduced heat build up control of maximum surface temperature and excellent durability.
White, bright and pastel shades of solar reflective exterior coatings, coil coatings, composites, OPV inks and exterior plastics.
ALTIRIS ® A550
V111
93
Al, Si
19
4.1
For light and mid coloured exterior coatings and plastic materials requiring enhanced solar reflectance, reduced heat build up control of maximum surface temperature and excellent durability.
Light and mid colours of solar reflective exterior coatings, coil coatings, composites, agricultural films and exterior coloured plastics.
ALTIRIS® 800
VIII
93
Al, Si*
20
4.1
For mid and darker coloured exterior coatings and plastic materials requiring enhanced solar reflectance, reduced heat build up control of maximum surface temperature and excellent durability.
Mid and darker colours of solar reflective exterior coatings, coil coatings, composites, agricultural films and exterior coloured plastics.
Grade
Density
Surface treatment
TRONOX
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TiO2 %
TOR SPECIALTY MINERALS
Sponsored by
ISO 591 Class
Company
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BUYERS’ GUIDE
Main properties
Recommended uses/Main applications
Super-fine no pigmentary anatase TiO2, UV-light photocatalytic grade.
Addition into cement, fresh concrete and paste-plasters based on silicates.
** Information not available
34 PPCJ • September 2018 www.coatingsgroup.com
TiO2 Guide 2018 .indd 4
29/08/2018 16:56
* Organically treated
Surface treatment
Oil absorption
Density
www.kronostio2.com
TiO2 %
Company
Sponsored by
ISO 591 Class
BUYERS’ GUIDE
DELTIO® 81X
R2
93
Al, Zr*
17
4.1
Free flow pigment, excellent durability, blue tone, good gloss and excellent dispersion.
Industrial coatings, powder and protective coatings.
DELTIO® 90X
R2
94
Al*
17
4.1
Free flow pigment, high gloss, blue tone, strong opacity.
Interior and exterior decorative coatings including high gloss decorative coatings. Also used in can coatings and interior powder coatings.
HOMBIKAT® N100
N/A
98
–
–
3.9
Nanocrystalline anatase titanium dioxide with high reactivity, low sulphur content and surface area ca 100m2 /g.
Photoactive concrete and cementbased coatings.
HOMBIKAT® UV100
N/A
90
–
–
3.9
Nanocrystalline anatase titanium dioxide with high purity and high reactivity. Also available as a waterborne paste.
Photoactive interior and exterior coatings.
HOMBITAN® AN
A1
99
–
20
3.9
Untreated anatase pigment with high brightness, blue tone, low abrasivity, good dispersibility.
Primers, fillers, road marking paints, interior coatings.
HOMBITAN® LW-S
A1
99
–
25
3.9
Untreated anatase pigment with high brightness, blue tone, low abrasivity, good dispersibility.
Primers, fillers, road marking paints, lime paints and emulsion paints.
HOMBITEC ® RM 110
N/A
79
Al
–
4.1
Inorganic nanocrystalline transparent rutile titanium dioxide with alumina surface treatment and crystal lattice doping.
UV absorber for all industrial coatings, wood protection.
HOMBITEC ® RM 220
N/A
89
Al
–
4.1
Inorganic nanocrystalline transparent, rutile titanium dioxide with alumina surface treatment.
When used in combination with aluminium flakes a visual Flip-Flop effect can be achieved. The finished coating appears bluish from one angle and yellowish from another.
HOMBITEC ® RM 300
N/A
87
Al*
–
4.1
Transparent rutile UV absorber offering excellent UV protection. Also available as solventborne and waterborne pastes.
UV absorber for all industrial coatings, wood protection.
HOMBITEC ® RM 400
N/A
78
Al*
–
4.1
Transparent rutile UV absorber offering excellent UV protection. Modified with metal oxide to give browner colour tone. Also available as solventborne and waterborne pastes.
UV absorber for all industrial coatings, wood protection.
SACHTLEBEN® R 210
R2
94
Al*
21
4.1
Multi-purpose rutile pigment with warm undertone, high opacity, good exterior durability.
Decorative coatings and industrial primers.
SACHTLEBEN® R320
R1
95.5
–
17
4.1
Untreated rutile pigment.
Moisture sensitive and high temperature speciality coatings.
SACHTLEBEN® RD3
R2
94
Al, Zr*
20
4.1
Excellent exterior durability, blueish undertone, good dispersion.
Decorative and industrial coatings.
SACHTLEBEN® RKB6
R2
94
Al, Zr*
18
4
Multi-purpose grade with excellent balance of opacity, gloss and durability.
Decorative coatings and industrial primers.
TIOXIDE® R-HD2
R2
95
Al*
18
4.1
Good dispersion, neutral tone, high tinting strength.
Electrodeposition primers, can coating and inks.
TIOXIDE® R-TC90
R2
94
AI*
17
4.1
Multi-purpose grade with blue tone, excellent balance of opacity, gloss and durability.
Interior and exterior decorative coatings including high gloss industrial coatings, powders and primers.
TIOXIDE® R-XL
R3
82
Al, Si
40
3.5
Maximum opacity and tint reducing properties in matte coatings.
High PVC emulsion paints, undercoats and inks.
TIOXIDE® TR81
R2
93
Al, Zr*
17
4.1
Excellent durability, blue tone, good gloss and excellent dispersion.
Industrial coatings, powder and protective coatings.
TIOXIDE® TR85
R2
94
Al, Si, Zr*
19
4.1
Rapid wetting and dispersion with good colour acceptance, opacity and durability.
Decorative tinting systems.
TIOXIDE® TR88
R2
93
Al, Si*
18
4.1
Rapid wetting and dispersion with blue tone, good colour acceptance, opacity and durability.
Decorative tinting systems.
TIOXIDE® TR92
R2
94
Al, Zr*
18
4.1
Multi-purpose grade with excellent balance of opacity, gloss and durability.
Decorative coatings and industrial primers.
UV-TITAN® L530
N/A
89
Al, Si, Zr*
–
4.1
Nanocrystalline transparent rutile titanium dioxide with exterior durability and UV protection for industrial finishes.
When used in combination with aluminium flakes a visual Flip-Flop effect can be achieved.
Grade
Main properties
Recommended uses/Main applications
** Information not available
35 PPCJ • September 2018 www.coatingsgroup.com
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BUYERS’ GUIDE
* Organically treated
TiO2 %
Surface treatment
Oil absorption
Density
www.kronostio2.com
ISO 591 Class
Company
Sponsored by
TIOXIDE® RDIS
R2
95
Al*
20
4.1
Premium, durable, rutile pigment with a narrow particle size distribution, excellent gloss, opacity and dispersibility, warm undertone, low abrasion.
A high quality all-rounder across the printing ink field. Solvent-based and waterborne high quality decorative and industrial coatings, including can coatings. Ideal for UV curing coatings.
TIOXIDE® RDO
R2
95.5
Al, Si*
19
4.1
Optimum gloss/opacity balance, excellent dispersion and low abrasivity, similar to RDIS with an optimised crystal size.
Printing Inks, similar to RDIS with the potential for a higher opacity due to optimised crystal size for maximum light scattering power. High quality decorative and industrial coatings, can coatings.
TIOXIDE® RDE2
R3
90
Al, Si*
27
3.9
Strongly surface treated rutile grade for semigloss and matte applications, good dispersibility, low abrasion.
High opacity lamination and reverse printing inks.
TIOXIDE® TR50
R3
88
Al, Si*
36
3.8
Strongly surface treated rutile grade for semigloss and matte applications, high opacity, low abrasion, different surface chemistry to RDE2.
Reverse laminated inks and waterborne high opacity inks.
TIOXIDE® RDDI
R3
83
Al, Si*
45
3.7
Heavily surface treated rutile pigment with good dispersibility, excellent dry hiding and low abrasion.
Full flat surface and reverse printing inks when excellent hiding power at higher PVC systems is required. Matte high PVC waterborne and solventbased coatings.
HOMBITAN® A300
A2
97
Al*
20
4.0
Premium anatase pigment with a fine particle size, good dispersibility and good gloss, very low abrasion.
Printing Inks, especially UV curing and low abrasion inks.
Grade
Main properties
Recommended uses/Main applications
** Information not available
Chemours International Operations Sarl, Chemin du Pavillon 2 CH-1218, Le Grand Saconnex Switzerland Contact: Philipp Mueller philipp.a.mueller@chemours.com Cinkarna Celje, Kidriceva 26, SI-3001 Celje, PO Box 1032 Slovenia Tel: +386 3 427 6000 Fax: +386 3 427 6298 info@cinkarna.si www.cinkarna.si Cristal Europe TiO2 Sales Office, Brielen 9 2830 Willebroek Belgium Tel: +44 1469 55 3459 gary.yorke-robinson@cristal.com www.cristal.com Cristal MEAI TiO2 Sales Office, PO Box 13586, Jeddah 21414 Kingdom of Saudi Arabia Tel: +966 2 224 8000 hussain.bashihab@cristal.com www.cristal.com
Cristal CristalACTiV™ Sales Office 24 Rue du Sentier, 75002 Paris France Tel: +33 1 55 04 89 30 photocatalysis@cristal.com www.cristal.com Grupa Azoty Zakłady Chemiczne ÔPoliceÕ SA ul. Kuznicka 1, 72-010 Police Poland Tel: +48 91 317 30 12 Fax: +48 91 317 33 99 tytanpol@grupaazoty.com KRONOS Peschstrasse 5, D-51373 Leverkusen Germany Contact: Jürgen Bender Tel: +49 214 356 2542 Fax: +49 214 42150 juergen.bender@kronosww.com www.kronostio2.com Precheza Nabr Dr E Benese 1170/24 CZ-750 02 Prerov Czech Republic Tel: +42 0 581 253 837
Fax: +42 0 581 253 830 sales@precheza.cz TOR Specialty Minerals TP&T Division, Burg. Moslaan 13 8051 CP Hattem The Netherlands Tel: +31 38 33 88 657 Fax: +31 38 44 46 207 info.tpt@torminerals.com www.torminerals.com Tronox Technical Sales Service Laboratory, 3301 NW 150th Street Oklahoma City, OK 73134 USA Contact: Tahlee Wallace Tel: +1 405 775 5020 tahlee.wallace@tronox.com www.tronox.com Venator Titanium House, Hanzard Drive, Wynyard Park Stockton on Tees TS22 5FD UK Tel: +44 1740 608001 Fax: +44 1740 60824 info@venatorcorp.com; www.venatorcorp.com
36 PPCJ • September 2018 www.coatingsgroup.com
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TEST & WEATHERING
Worldwide field testing enables manufacturers to excel in the marketplace
T
roy Corporation is a global leader in the development and testing of dry-film preservatives, trusted by coatings manufacturers around the world. In addition to Troy’s commitment to research & development, a key factor in this leadership is Troy’s extensive product testing capabilities. Troy currently has 13 field testing sites in climatically and microbiologically diverse locations around the world to test the effectiveness of its advanced Polyphase®, Troysan® and Fungitrol® dry-film preservatives. “While laboratory testing of preservatives has value as a screening tool,” said Troy’s Dr Izzy Colon, Senior Vice President, Science & Technology, “there is no substitute for long-term outdoor exposure testing.” Troy has been a leader in field testing for several decades and has added to the number of its sites over the years.
“Troy has one of the largest networks of field testing sites in the industry, with a remarkable diversity of climatic and microbial environments,” continued Colon. “The importance of this is to evaluate preservatives against the greatest possible range of microbial threats, so that our customers can be assured of the highest levels of dry-film protection against any eventuality in real-world use.” Troy Corporation continues to make significant investments to provide customers with added value through innovative products and expert technical service. “Troy’s field testing sites represent an important investment by the company,” continued Colon. “This is beneficial to our customers, and just as importantly, to their customers.” For more information, visit www.troycorp.com. PPCJ
New gel timer viscometer for measuring gel coats and resins
A
metek Brookfield has introduced the new Gel Timer DV2T Viscometer. This viscometer serves as a replacement for the Sunshine Gel Timer. It features a unique magnetic compressionfit coupling to easily attach/detach the glass rod to instrument. When gel time is reached, the display shows both gel time and equivalent viscosity value. The integrated temperature probe provides peak exotherm data in °C or °F if needed. Test methods can be run manually or automatically, using the time-to-torque programme stored in the instrument’s memory. Viscosity data generated during the test may also prove helpful for complete characterisation of material flow behaviour.
The Gel Timer DV2T provides continuous torque sensing capability with live display of real time data, making it the preferred choice in QC for measuring gel coats, resins and potting compounds. The DV3T Rheometer and the DV1M viscometer can also be configured as a gel timer instrument. Packs of 10 glass rods are available and spare magnetic couplings can be retrofitted to existing Brookfield viscometers. For more information about the new Gel Timer DV2T Viscometer, visit www. brookfieldengineering.com/products/ viscometers/gel-timer-instruments/geltimer-dv2t-viscometer. PPCJ
37 PPCJ • September 2018 www.coatingsgroup.com
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ADHESIVES & SEALANTS
Adhesives, sealants and other two-component fluids used in industrial, automotive, marine and construction assembly processes can now be applied using collapsible, film-based packaging. Peter Kuzyk, Nordson EFD, reports on the company’s new Film-Pak® cartridges that reduce waste by more than 85% when compared to conventional twocomponent fluid packaging, while lowering carbon footprint and supporting corporate sustainability initiatives
Sustainable fluid dispensing and packaging
T
One of the latest developments to impact sustainability, and specifically waste reduction, regarding fluid dispensing is the release of side-by-side collapsible, film-based fluid packaging and dispensing cartridges for materials, such as twocomponent (2K) foams, coatings, potting compounds and other adhesives and sealants used for assembly processes in industrial, automotive, marine and construction applications. Just introduced by Nordson EFD, the new film-based fluid dispensing cartridges, called Film-Pak®, are side-by-side film packages that can be inserted directly
into specialised 2K dispensing guns with built-in retainers or adapted to any standard 2K dispensing gun by inserting the FilmPak cartridge into reusable retainers with integrated plungers. When a standard dispense gun is activated, plungers in each of the two chambers inside the reusable retainer push the Film-Pak film packages forward forcing the adhesive or sealant from each package into a static mixer to dispense the mixed fluid for application. The Film-Pak system delivers the same ratio control and the same quality mix performance as standard, high-precision 2K systems. The system is compatible with a wide range of dispense guns and static mixers. When conventional, rigid sideby-side 2K cartridges are empty, the entire cartridge – both chambers and plungers – becomes waste and must be disposed of. With Film-Pak, when the film packages are empty, they compress into a uniquely-designed lid, which must be disposed of as waste. Consequently, the net volume of waste from Film-Pak cartridges occupies much less space than conventional 2K cartridges. The same space occupied by a single conventional two-component dispensing cartridge will hold seven compressed Film-Pak lids. This means, effectively, that Film-Pak cartridges produce more than 85% less waste per volume for the same amount of
Seven compressed Film-Pak cartridges compared to one standard 600ml (11 ratio) side x side cartridge
Collapsed Film-Pak cartridge next to a full Film-Pak cartridge, next to a standard side x side cartridge
he environmental performance of products and processes in all industrial sectors has increasingly become a critical issue, with sustainability directly influencing the design and selection of equipment. There are many processes in manufacturing that can be addressed to improve sustainability, and at the same time maintain or reduce operating costs. Reducing environmental impacts by decreasing the volume of industrial waste is one way to support a sustainable manufacturing process. Implementing waste-reduction practices and technologies should be embraced as a priority at the component, process and system levels.
nnREDUCE PLASTIC WASTE BY 85%
fluid dispensed compared to conventional 2K cartridges. This contributes to a significantly reduced carbon footprint, while supporting corporate sustainability and lowering waste disposal costs. Film-Pak incorporates unique design features to maintain fluid integrity and facilitate reliable dispensing and packaging: • The film packaging is engineered with multi-layer film, including an aluminium layer for improved barrier properties against oxygen and moisture permeation, which can otherwise shorten fluid shelf life. This allows users to reduce waste without sacrificing shelf-life stability; • The film packages are integrally bonded to the lid, ensuring a leakproof connection and encapsulating the inner film layers to prevent chemical degradation; • Resealable Film-Pak outlets allow material to be stored for future use if not completely dispensed. This allows fluid to be completely dispensed prior to disposal, which reduces fluid waste; • Although specialised 2K dispense guns have been designed for use with FilmPak, the cartridge system can also be used with existing manual, pneumatic and battery-operated dispense guns including pneumatic guns for highpressure spray applications, making it a versatile solution for 2K dispensing; • The design of the cartridge also makes it compatible with a wide range of Collapsed vs filled Film-Paks
38 PPCJ • September 2018 www.coatingsgroup.com
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We design polymers with targeted know-how. Customized Adhesives & Sealants solutions for your bright ideas.
When it comes to Adhesives & Sealants, our application experts support you with a wealth of market knowledge and depth in technical know-how. Our goal is to collaborate with you to develop solutions tailor-made to your needs â&#x20AC;&#x201C; because your success is the measure of our know-how. Learn more about Evonikâ&#x20AC;&#x2DC;s Adhesive Resins at: www.evonik.com/designed-polymers
ADHESIVES & SEALANTS
Film-Pak full pneumatic setup system
static mixers, including the disposable square OptiMixer that optimises mix performance in a 20% shorter length than conventional mixers. The shorter length of OptiMixer further benefits sustainability efforts by reducing retained volume by 30%, which greatly reduces fluid waste; • Since the film is inert to most 2K adhesives and sealants, Film-Pak helps fluid formulators streamline fluid packaging inventory. Conventional side-by-side cartridges require stock in nylon, polypropylene, and high-density polyethylene depending on the material being filled; • The ability to fill Film-Pak cartridges through the outlets or ports on the lid simplifies filling procedures. Outlets allow for fast, easy filling of low-viscosity fluids. Ports on the lids allow for fast, easy filling of high-viscosity fluids. Because so many factors can impact 2K fluid-dispensing and fluid-packaging processes, it is important to consult an experienced fluid application specialist who can recommend the right equipment for specific applications. Consulting with an application specialist early in a project will ensure the right solution is utilised and the most optimum process has been put into place. This will facilitate manufacturing or filling processes to achieve the desired production throughput, and improve process control, while reducing rework, rejects and fluid waste.
nnEMBRACING SUSTAINABILITY Collapsible, film-based cartridges represent the next step in product evolution in fluid packaging. The advanced Film-Pak system for packaging and dispensing of 2K adhesives, sealants and other industrial fluids, with its novel collapsible cartridges, is the newest and latest development in this evolution. It is a critical development towards advancing sustainable practices and reducing environmental impacts. In addition to reducing industrial waste, sustainability efforts can be supported
Empty Film Pak package removed in a manual dispense gun Inserting the Film-Pak cartridge into a reusable retainer in a manual dispense gun
by choosing dispensing equipment that produces precise amounts of onecomponent adhesives, epoxies, grease, lacquers, lubricants, solder pastes, oils, paints and other fluids. Fluid dispensing is a critical process spanning a diverse range of industries. It encompasses minute assembly of microelectronics for medical devices and precision technologies, a broad spectrum of industrial components used in manufacturing, automotive assembly, building component manufacturing and construction, and large-scale shipbuilding and aircraft assembly. When these fluids are dispensed reliably, accurately and with consistent repeatability in dosage and placement, it significantly reduces fluid waste.
nnMINIMISES FLUID
CONSUMPTION AND WASTE
The latest generation of fluid dispensers can apply virtually any manufacturing fluid – from thin solvents to thick silicones and brazing pastes – with precision accuracy. Using digital timers and precision air regulators to determine the amount of material applied and maintain shot-by-shot repeatability, these systems can deliver exceptional throughput and process control, providing consistent deposits from the beginning to the end of the fluid reservoir. These improvements directly support sustainability. The volume of waste generated decreases significantly when using a more controlled dispensing method, particularly when dispensing components, such as syringe barrels and pistons are designed to work together to dispense precise, repeatable amounts
with virtually no fluid left in the barrel. By depositing the exact volume of fluid required for an application waste is minimised or eliminated, reducing the overall consumption of fluid. Switching from a rudimentary manual dispensing process, for example, to a latest-generation air-powered dispenser can cut the amount of fluid used typically from 50-70% due to the improved accuracy of the deposit. In addition, the latest generation of dispensing valves, such as the xQR41 MicroDot needle valve, is designed with a 60% smaller form factor than conventional valves to improve production throughput but also reduce fluid waste. The smaller form factor contributes to 65% less retained fluid volume than conventional needle valves. When used to dispense expensive assembly fluids, the waste reduction not only supports sustainability efforts but costsaving efforts as well. Similarly, when spraying assembly fluids, using a system, such as the MicroCoat lubrication system can eliminate oil waste by as much as 90%. The system produces a fine, uniform coating of fluid to lubricate parts in metal forming or die casting operations. In summary, any efforts made toward improving sustainability in manufacturing processes, whether by reducing plastic waste or fluid waste, provide a benefit to manufacturers by reducing costs and a benefit to the environment by reducing PPCJ waste in landfills.
Author: Peter Kuzyk, Business Manager Fluid Formulators & Packagers Nordson EFD Visit Nordson on the web at nordson.com; twitter.com/Nordson_Corp; or facebook.com/nordson
40 PPCJ • September 2018 www.coatingsgroup.com
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ADHESIVES & SEALANTS
Popular mural painter makes his mark at tesa® UK headquarters
C
hris Ashmore, the Director of Creative Murals and Portraits, specialises in creating unique murals for any wall or surface and has brought bespoke ideas to life in people¹s homes and businesses all over the UK. Chris recently visited the Milton Keynes headquarters of tesa® UK, one of the world’s leading manufacturers of technical adhesive tapes, to paint a new feature wall that celebrates the company’s heritage and development. The feature will be one of the first things visitors and guests see when they are welcomed to the site, as will many members of staff who will see the feature every day. With this in mind, the design showcases the history of tesa through the evolution of the logo and brand; the aim being to inform and inspire in equal measure. Each of the company’s logos since inception are present, with the current and most recognised ‘finger lift’ rendition featured prominently front and centre. After coming across his work online and hearing that he was a vocal supporter of their products, tesa began sponsoring Chris and they had no hesitation in commissioning him for their own project. Donna Smith, Trade Marketing Manager, says: “We were very impressed with the
work of Creative Murals and Portraits online, and were pleased to discover that tesa played an integral part in the process. When we found ourselves in need of a vibrant wall decoration to welcome guests to our headquarters, Chris was the obvious person to contact and we are delighted with the finished result.” Chris, who regularly posts designs and tips to more than 48,000 social media followers, was more than happy to lend his talents to tesa, he said: “To have such a huge company trust me to provide a feature wall, the first thing visitors and guests to the site will see, feels fantastic.” He continued: “I have been an ambassador of tesa products for some time, they stick to walls and freshly dried
paint in a way no other tape can, with just the right amount of adhesion for a perfect precision edge finish. It doesn’t bend when pulled straight which allows me to minimise using a straight edge and drawing lines when applying or mid-project. It tears easily when I want it to and the thinness allows me to see my pencil marks underneath, allowing greater visibility for using my craft knife on tiny details. Whether it’s a skirting board on a multiple day job or a quick stripe, thick durable paint or thin spray paint, tesa tape is so versatile it always does the job.” To see more examples of the work Chris has completed using tesa tapes, visit Creative Murals and Portraits on Facebook. PPCJ
Loctite products experience Isle of Man TT racing Such is the diversity of Loctite products, recently put through their paces at Formula Student 2018, Paul Smith, Automotive Technician and head of the University of Sunderland Sun Racing team, has also utilised them on the Weardale Racing bikes involved in this year’s IoM TT. Paul was delighted to once again be one of the active mechanics for the racer Ian ‘Pixie’ Pattinson and this year he was able to take eight students to join the Weardale Racing team for the experience of discipline and team work. Loctite threadlockers in particular were put through their paces at this rigorous road race. “Every moveable nut and bolt was fixed by the mechanics with either Loctite 243, 222 or 270 and this included brake callipers and the suspension,” Paul explained. “Both being areas where loosening due to vibration is not an option.” Both the BMW and Yamaha bikes entered by Weardale Racing underwent
engine preparation for the race and this included taking the sumps off. Loctite 5188, a gasketing product with excellent oil and chemical resistance, was used to form an interference fit when replacing the sumps. It is particularly useful in the sealing of
flange faces on transmissions and engine casings. Finally, Loctite 603 and 648, both high strength retaining compounds, were employed on the wheels of both bikes and also the steering head bearings. Designed for the bonding of cylindrical fitting parts, especially bearings and where the consistently clean surface cannot be assured, the cured products prevent loosening and leakage due to shock and vibration. “In 22 years of riding the IoM TT (and regularly finishing highly placed), Ian Pattinson has never had an accident or fallen off riding more than 800 laps of the Isle of Man course in that time. We can now safely say this as he has retired from the race. It’s good to think that Loctite has played its part in keeping Ian and the bikes safe and secure,” Paul concluded. Weardale Racing and Ian Pattinson’s results from this year can be found in full at www.iomtt.com/results.
41 PPCJ • September 2018 www.coatingsgroup.com
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SECTION COUNTRYREPORT FOCUS ITALY
Italian paint producers look abroad and innovate to boost sales Brenda Dionisi reports from Milan, on the state of the paint and coatings market in Italy
T
he scale of Italy’s paints and varnishes sector remained relatively unchanged through 2017, according to AVISA, a division of Federchimica, the national chemicals industry association. Werther Colonna, president of AVISA, told Polymers Paint Colour Journal (PPCJ) that the sector suffered a difficult year in 2017, marked by a succession of ups and downs, which translated into fluctuating monthly sales. “The year ended with overall performance in line with the close of 2016 – approximately €3bn,” he confirmed. According to a report issued in April 2018 by Global Research & Data Services about Italy’s paint and varnish market, Italian sales were indeed valued at €3bn in 2017, with demand expected to grow by 4.1% in 2018. In 2017, non-aqueous, polyester-based paints and varnishes sales accounted for 17.6% of the market in Italy, followed by non-aqueous, acrylic/vinyl polymer-based coatings with 12.5%, while non-aqueous or other polymer-based paints took 39.8% of the market.
nnEXPECTED INCREASE IN DEMAND ACROSS ALL CATEGORIES
Aqueous acrylic/vinyl polymer-based paints had a 12.1% market share, while aqueous, other-polymer based coatings accounted for 14.4% of the total. Other coatings – including dry distempers, cement-based water paints, oil-bound distempers, other distempers, prepared water pigments used for finishing leather, metallic powder or flakes prepared as paints and poly tetra fluoro ethylene (PTFE) or silicon resinbased coating materials – had a 3.6% market share. Demand for paints and varnishes is expected to increase across all categories in 2018, with sales of non-aqueous, polyesterbased coatings climbing 2.7% to €528.9M, while sales of non-aqueous, acrylic/vinyl polymer-based paints are expected to rise 4.1% to €374.3M. Sales of non-aqueous, other polymer-based coatings are expected to rise a similar 4.1% in 2018 to €1.19bn, while aqueous, acrylic/vinyl polymer-based paints will increase sales by 4% to €364M. Sales of aqueous, other polymer-based
coatings are likely to jump 5% to a value of €433.7M, while other coatings are expected to rise 7% to €107.4M.
nnBUSINESS CONFIDENCE
STILL LOW DESPITE RELATIVE ECONOMIC STABILITY
Despite the relative return to economic stability in Italy since the global financial crisis, which hit Italy hard, business confidence remains low, especially among small businesses, said Dario Cervellati, Sales Manager at GFC Chimica, a Ferrara-based contract manufacturer and test laboratory. “From what I have seen among our clients, though the situation has improved slightly, many businesses have generally remained sceptical, especially in light of previous months [in 2018], which have been difficult,” he told PPCJ. Indeed, in late June, Italy’s industrial employers’ federation, Confindustria, lowered its forecasts for Italy’s economic growth this year and in 2019. It now expects Italy’s GDP to rise by 1.3% this year and 1.1% in 2019, down from predictions of 1.5% and 1.2%, respectively, in its December 2017 projections. Similarly, Colonna said that the modest signs of recovery last year in the domestic building sector, which represents about 55% of total sector sales, failed to have a positive impact on the building paints subsector, which closed 2017 with “slightly negative” numbers, although it would not give details. Certain sectors, such as wood and refinishings, that are better positioned to export, “found a more encouraging environment and performed better,” Colonna explained, particularly in extraEuropean Union markets, such as South America and Asia. “But they only managed to offset the generally negative national situation,” he added. As such, he said that “a significant part of national output, which is tending to increase, is aimed at foreign markets.” According to data released by BPER Estero in May (2018), Italy’s export market
42 PPCJ • September 2018 www.coatingsgroup.com
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SECTION COUNTRYREPORT FOCUS for paints and varnishes was worth €2bn in 2017 and Italy has a 5.4% share of the global paints and varnishes market. The Italian industry’s main export markets in 2017 were Germany, with sales of €189.9M, followed by Spain with €135.4M and €132.5M to France. A further €126.3M worth of products was sold to Poland, while Russia purchased €111.3M of paints and varnishes during the year. The figure for total Italian exports is expected to reach €2.1bn in 2018. Arsonsisi S.p.a. is Italy’s leading producer of industrial paints and coatings, and ships about 60% of total production output to foreign markets, claimed Ivan Fornari, Director of Sales for the company’s industrial coatings division. “France, Spain, Estonia and Russia are the company’s main markets for powder coatings used in household appliances and the general lines, while products for the automotive sector and pipelines for hydrocarbons and heating plants reach as far as the Middle East and China,” Fornari explained. Exports of liquid coatings are meanwhile concentrated in Europe and in Turkey, while UV-cured coatings and other speciality coatings, such as paints for glass and plastics, are mainly sold in France and the USA, he said.
nnNEW FOREIGN MARKETS The San Marco Group, whose main subsidiary is the Venice-based Colorificio San Marco, also added a number of new foreign markets to its portfolio in 2017 and 2018, including opening five single-brand showrooms in Nepal – in Kathmandu, Pokhara and Itahari; and new distribution centres in Vietnam, New Zealand, Denmark and Iceland. “Today, exports represent circa 50% of our total turnover. We can count on an efficient distribution network abroad that allows us to be close to the most important foreign markets,” said Pietro Geremia, Executive Vice President of Sales and Marketing for the San Marco Group, pointing to facilities in Bosnia, Slovakia, Norway and Russia. In line with the emerging do-it-yourself trend in the building paints subsector, the San Marco Group has also been working to boost brand recognition among end-consumers. “This year, for the first time, we decided to communicate directly to end consumers with a TV, print and digital campaign,” Geremia said. “The creative concept is based on colour intended not only as a decorative tool but also able to transmit emotions and stimulate the imagination.”
Top Quality Collection J 20.20, the new collection of powder coatings by Arsonsisi, anticipates forthcoming trends in design, drawing inspiration from iconic colours
In July 2018, the company also launched the San Marco Ideal Store, a new retail concept that combines the latest technologies and detailed product information to assist retailers and endcustomers in choosing the appropriate product for specific needs.
nnROOM FOR GROWTH IN ONLINE SALES
Meanwhile, Fornari said Arsonsisi plans to invest further in its e-commerce platform, which it launched in 2014 for industrial powder coatings ranges and upgraded in 2018. “Today it is only available in Italy, but we plan to extend it to other countries and offer other industrial paint lines,” he said. Cervellati is confident that there is room for growth in online sales, a sector that he believes is significantly under-developed in Italy. “I think we can expect more producers to launch e-commerce sites in the future,” he said.
line of paints for external building façades that fights dirt absorption and guarantees a high resistance to mould and algae. Another new line is its Abitare il Benessere (Living Wellness) selection for homes and offices, which can improve indoor air quality and humidity levels and allow walls to breathe, said Geremia. Regarding building and décor paints, GFC Chimica, which is both an accredited testing laboratory and contract manufacturer, recently launched its own line of special effect paints, called Arti Magiche (Magic Art) - see: www.ferrar-design.it. “It’s a global innovation which allows special multi-colour effects with just one can of paint and different textures based on the type of application,” Cervellati said. “Studies in the sector are also under way on how we can use nanoparticles and molecular activators in paints and coatings,” he concluded. PPCJ
nnPRODUCT INNOVATION Regarding product innovations, Arsonsisi in 2017 launched a Top Quality Collection J 20.20, a range of sustainable, thermoset powder coating resins for the building sector derived from carboxyl and polyester, which have been cross-linked with nontoxic hardeners that are free of heavy metals and other harmful substances. Indeed, high-performing thermoset coatings with a greater resistance to UV rays for exteriors are also among the innovations being studied in Italy, said Cervelleti: “These are expected to be in high demand in the future, especially in the hotter climates of Southern Europe and Africa.” Other innovations include San Marco Group’s CleanMax technology and a new
For more information, contact: International News Services www.internationalnewsservices.com
43 PPCJ • September 2018 www.coatingsgroup.com
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TINTING TECHNOLOGY
A tinting system for all industrial coatings
G
Acrylic polyurethane finishes, ideal for the industrial bodywork sector and industry in general. Excellent fullness, covering capacity and resistance to weathering; good drying speed and excellent aesthetic performance
High-performance epoxy anticorrosive primer for the anticorrosion and general industry sectors. Excellent adhesion to steel, galvanized sheet metal, aluminium and light alloys; exceptional anticorrosive power; ideal for use in any kind of environment
Synthetic enamel for brush application, providing a protective and decorative surface for wood and metal products. Excellent resistance to weathering, excellent flow, good colour stability and easy application
emini System is Arsonsisi’s most recent innovation in the field of industrial tinting systems. It embodies a new product philosophy and offers the sector an opportunity to choose between two colourimetrically identical Arsoncolor systems featuring the same logic and common principles. Both guarantee continuity in quality and performances and jointly they represent a real step forward for industrial colour. Arsoncolor System and Arsoncolor Hydro System are two complete colour tinting systems that feature the same selection of colour pastes at equal pigments concentration: Arsoncolor System is the latest refinement of the legacy solvent-based range; Arsoncolor Hydro System is the innovative waterbased line that simultaneously reproduces the colorimetric characteristics of the solvent-based system while catering to the increasing requests for painting systems with high quality and low emissions. By implementing identical colouring pastes and pigment concentrations in both systems, it is possible to employ the same colour formulas for products formulated in both ranges, with the certainty of obtaining comparable colour fidelity in both systems.
Arsoncolor System is one of the most popular bespoke solutions for industries, thanks to its high quality, the excellent professional service provided by the brand and its quality/price ratio.
nnTHE NEW WATER-BASED FEATURE More respectful of man and the environment: these are the characteristics of Arsoncolor Hydro System, the revolutionary water-based tinting system which, in terms of results, ensures a performance that equals the solvent-based line but has a low environmental impact thanks to its composition. It is based on the same selected colour pastes, the same concentration of pigments and the same philosophy as the traditional solvent-based line. As originally designed, Arsoncolor Hydro System features the same colour formulas: a huge advantage for all customers who want to change over to the new technology. The system is not only eco-friendly but also greatly increases the safety of painters/ operators while guaranteeing the highest level of health protection also for products intended for use by the general public.
nnSOLUTIONS FOR ALL FIELDS
OF INDUSTRIAL APPLICATION
nnA HOST OF COLOURS Arsoncolor System is the professional solvent-based tinting system created by Arsonsisi for a broad range of industrial sectors including: vehicles, industrial machinery, painting and decorating, carpentry, furniture and doors and windows. Comprised of 24 concentrated colour pastes and two clearcoats, obtained from selected top-quality pigments, it guarantees the perfect reproduction of any colour and, by mixing pigments with specific base coats, fully meets market requirements in terms of performance. All this can be achieved at a minimum cost due to the low number of tinting pastes used to make all the colours.
Drawing on the wealth of experience and technologies of the Junionfin Group to which it belongs, Arsonsisi offers a very wide range of solvent-based and waterbased products that are ideal for treating all kinds of metal supports. They feature physical, chemical and weather-resistance properties optimised for all types of application. Complementing the range is a line specifically designed for wood, mainly for the furniture and the door and window industry. Arsoncolor System offers 56 solventbased binders, whereas Arsoncolor Hydro System offers 15 water-based binders. Each one is available in a pre-weighed pack, thus simplifying and speeding up colour preparation while meeting the real
44 PPCJ • September 2018 www.coatingsgroup.com
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TINTING TECHNOLOGY nnPRECISION AND
CREATIVITY COMBINED
Polyurethane primer from the line intended for wood products. Ideal for preparing wood products and furniture items in general. Excellent covering capacity, exceptional surface hardness, quick drying, easy to sand and a good flow
The huge range of colours available includes thousands of international references (RAL, British Standard, AFNOR, Benelux, industrial vehicles, agricultural and construction machinery, oil industries, corporations, etc), as well as a broad selection of decorative effects for wood and metal. Arsoncolor systems are accompanied by latest generation modular mixers and
Equipment and software specifically designed for ARSONCOLOR systems
automatic dispensers, which comply with strict European safety regulations that allow basecoat colours to maintain excellent viscosity, thus facilitating the dispensing and mixing of products. The addition of specific software allows access to thousands of colour chart formulas and many extra services. These include automatic standard and optimised cost calculation, information on product safety, the management of formulas to be produced including customised formulas, their automatic correction if errors should occur when weighing and the display and printing of technical data sheets and risk labels. PPCJ
Water-soluble acrylic enamel for brush application, providing a protective and decorative surface for wood and metal products. Excellent resistance to weathering, uniform satin finish, colour stability, excellent flow and easy application
needs of customers who want to be left with fewer empty cans and less waste for disposal. For both systems, Arsonsisi offers Pigmented Bases, an innovative solution that allows you to reproduce a variety of colours starting with a pre-pigmented base coat, thus reducing the costs of formulas, optimising time and resources and ensuring that products provide even better performance.
COLOROUND: a colour sample of 2500 shades, grouped together in 20 colour chip fan decks, arranged on a chromatic scale and representing the most popular colours in the industrial bodywork and general industry sectors
Arsonsisi s.p.a. Via Settembrini, 39, I-20020 Lainate (Mi), Italy Tel: +39 02 93754600 Email: info@arsonsisi.com Website: en.arsonsisi.com
CEFIC publishes agreed guidelines for chemical emergency response
T
he European Chemical Industry Council (CEFIC) has published a new set of guidelines for the supply and transport of hazardous materials to help chemical companies deliver best practice in telephone chemical emergency response. Chemical companies in Europe are strongly advised – and often legally obliged – to include a telephone number on supply and transport documentation for hazardous goods which can be called to provide emergency response advice during a chemical incident. The new CEFIC guidelines, which have been adopted by all National Intervention in Chemical Transport Emergencies (ICE) Centres in Europe, detail the fundamental requirements of an emergency response service. They aim to help companies enhance their internal emergency response
provisions or guide the procurement of a professional third-party supplier. Among the core requirements specified by CEFIC is the need to provide robust and reliable telephone infrastructure that can receive and handle calls 24/7, with fast connection to a chemical expert. This restricts the use of mobile phone networks as the sole or primary means of contact. The guidelines state that the emergency responder should have access to the relevant safety data sheets (SDS) and be able to provide proportional advice tailored to the circumstances of the incident. According to the new guidelines, this should be provided by a trained technical expert, typically a university graduate chemist, who has knowledge and tactical awareness of chemicals, chemical behaviour and hazards across a range of incident types.
Advice should be provided in the local language, which is already required by law in many European regions, and connection with local language interpreters must be straightforward. The emergency responder should be able to provide initial advice in the local language in under 10min and further detailed advice in 30min if required. The guidance also includes features for best practice beyond immediate telephone response, including the recommendation that SDS should be notified with the relevant poison centres. For more than 40 years, NCEC has been the chosen chemical emergency response provider for UK Government emergency services. To download the full CEFIC guidance, visit https://the-ncec.com/en/ resources/guidelines-for-level-1-chemicalemergency-response PPCJ
45 PPCJ • September 2018 www.coatingsgroup.com
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PROTECTIVE
Graffiti can cause immense damage, as removing the aggressive spray paints is costly, damages the fabric of the building and can cause the property to drop in value. Here, experts from Wacker introduce its highly effective anti-graffiti product that permanently protects surfaces with a thin film of silicone and allows graffiti and stickers to be readily washed off with just cold water
Protecting against graffiti
G
raffiti is a common problem all over the world. “In porous masonry, the paint can penetrate down to a depth of about one millimetre,” said Professor Helmut Weber, founder of the Competence Center for Building Protection and Renovation in Ebersberg near Munich, Germany. A great deal of water, special chemicals and a high-pressure cleaner are needed to remove the graffiti. Even so, the outlines of the inscriptions can often still be seen afterwards. The only remedy in such cases is to resort to sandblasting. “But that, of course, strips away the building fabric,” said Weber. “If you do that after every graffiti attack, the building itself will eventually suffer.” Year after year, graffiti and wild posters inflict huge damage on public buildings, bridges, underpasses and house walls. They are not only time-consuming and expensive to eliminate, they lower the value of these structures, too. In the USA, the Department of Justice puts the annual cost at some US$12bn. The cost of removing graffiti and posters in Germany alone is believed to amount to more than €500M. “Spray paints are becoming cheaper and thus affordable for everyone. Consequently, the spotlight is increasingly being turned on technologies that can provide buildings with long lasting protection against graffiti and other
defacements,” explained Marianne Kreuzpointner, a marketing expert in construction chemicals at Wacker’s production site in Burghausen, Germany. “We’re receiving more and more requests from customers about whether we supply products that offer permanent surface protection and enable graffiti to be removed for a low cost.” One such Wacker product is already available in the USA. Applications Engineer Dr Hartmut Ackermann and his research colleagues have taken this pioneering technology and enhanced it further. “Like most anti-graffiti systems, our new product forms a continuous film on the substrate, where it acts as a barrier between the substrate and the spray paint,” said Ackermann. “The graffiti is unable to develop permanent adhesion to the silicone and so can be removed with cold water and a cloth or a high-pressure cleaner.” Tests in the Upper Bavarian town of Burghausen prove just how well the product works. An underpass there for cyclists was treated with the new antigraffiti coating. “We deliberately chose a concrete wall that is a favourite target for graffiti,” said Albert Günthner, Head of the department responsible for the town’s upkeep. “The sprayers usually slip in here unnoticed and have plenty of time to create memorials.”
When the 20m2 test area was subsequently targeted by graffiti artists and then cleaned, all that was needed to clean the wall was a high-pressure cleaner and cold water. Previously, the council had to use sandblasters to clean the defaced concrete walls because the paint penetrated so deeply into them. The frequent cleaning was also exacting a heavy toll on the structural fabric.
nnFINDING THE RIGHT COMPOSITION
For users of anti-graffiti agents, it is particularly important that the products are not harmful to health and that they contain no hazardous substances, if possible. That is exactly what makes Wacker’s new product so special: “We worked for a long time to find the right composition. The formulation that we have now developed provides optimum adhesion to the mineral substrate and is also designed to allow graffiti to be removed easily and cleanly without residues,” explained Ackermann. The researchers addressed the safety aspect by basing the product’s adhesion promoter and crosslinker on harmless silanes – not on an oxime and tin crosslinker. The active-agent concentrate has the consistency of honey and should be diluted
Once applied to a surface (left), subsequent graffiti can then be removed by using just cold water (right)
46 PPCJ • September 2018 www.coatingsgroup.com
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PROTECTIVE
nnAN OVERVIEW OF KEY ANTIGRAFFITI TECHNOLOGIES
Easy peel: the coating is so smooth that neither spray paints nor unwelcome stickers can catch a grip
with a solvent before use. “Manufacturers of building protection agents can also add pigments to make coloured coatings,” said Kreuzpointner. The active-agent content, viscosity and colour are infinitely adjustable. Applying the anti-graffiti coating is also simple: brush, roller or spray will do. The protective film makes the colours of the substrate appear more intense and adds a hint of gloss to the surface. The anti-graffiti coating bonds especially well to concrete, brick, plaster, marble and limestone. If a special primer is used, it can even protect glass and metal. In the presence of atmospheric moisture, the thin film cures from the outside in. The silicone molecules anchor themselves in the masonry by forming covalent bonds with some of the mineral components. They furthermore crosslink with each other to form a stable but elastic protective layer. “The protective film is about 0.2mm thick and can be stretched by up to 160% before it tears. This allows cracks and irregularities to be bridged effectively, while the substrate is protected from damage by the paint,” explained building protection expert Ackermann. The extensibility of the silicone is also important for another reason: building materials are always under tension. They expand during the day as the wall warms up and contract at night when it gets cold. This is a constant challenge for the protective coating. Another is posed by heat and UV light. The silicone must remain transparent even under a scorching sun and must not turn yellow or embrittle. Under normal conditions, the protective coating cures to a tack-free surface in two to four hours. After six hours, it is already firm enough to be cleaned. “A commercially available high-pressure cleaner can then be used to remove graffiti without any problems,” said Ackermann. “You don’t generally need to resort to any special chemicals. In fact, the protective coating is so dirt resistant that you basically only
need a sponge and cold water to remove all traces from the surface.” Even stickers and posters cannot find a hold on the antigraffiti coating and in most cases, they can easily be pulled off by hand.
nnBREATHABLE YET PERMANENT Tests at Wacker show that the anti-graffiti film is still as good as new even after having been cleaned 20 times. Graffiti adheres so poorly to the silicone film because of the particularly low surface tension of the silicone. Surface tension is the force that enables some insects to walk on water and is also why water forms droplets. Spray paints have a much higher surface tension than the silicone coating and so have difficulty holding on. “A reliable anti-graffiti effect can be obtained with 200–250g of our silicone product per square metre,” explained Kreuzpointner. “The coating is permeable to water vapour and therefore, is much more breathable than its polyurethane-based counterparts, which are used as permanent anti-graffiti protection as well,” said the Wacker expert. For building expert Weber, that is the salient point: “Moisture transport must not be hindered, especially in the case of coarse-pored building materials, such as sandstone, because otherwise the growth of micro-organisms would be promoted or parts of the surface could spall.” A chemist and former Wacker employee, the independent technical assessor has been developing building maintenance concepts for many years. “Graffiti prevention is becoming more and more important, especially for natural stone. These surfaces are very delicate when left untreated, and suffer massively when subjected to frequent cleaning,” said Weber. “Proper protective measures can ensure that the value of buildings is enhanced over the long term. That’s why we are increasingly incorporating anti-graffiti protection into our concepts.”
In anti-graffiti protection, a distinction is drawn between temporary, permanent and semi-permanent coatings. Temporary systems: Temporary systems are made of waxes or biopolymers. The protective film is invisible and can be used on listed buildings. A further advantage is that the systems are breathable. This means that moisture can evaporate from the building fabric. However, by their nature, such films do not provide lasting protection, as they have to be removed and completely replaced every time they are cleaned. Even in the absence of graffiti attacks, these coatings will only last a few years. Semi-permanent systems: In semipermanent systems, only one component of the film is lost during cleaning. The substrate has to be treated again every time graffiti is removed and at intervals of three to five years. The advantage of semipermanent coatings is that they are barely visible and permeable to water vapour. These products often consist of blends of organic waxes and fluoroalkyl silanes. Permanent systems: The major advantage of permanent anti-graffiti systems is that they remain intact when the graffiti is removed and can last many years without losing their ability to protect the surface. The downside, however, is that they alter the appearance of the substrate. In addition, many products seal the surface and thus, prevent the natural passage of moisture. The protective film detaches in some places as a result, potentially causing blisters to form or the paint to flake off. Moisture damage to the building fabric is also possible. This is not the case with Wacker’s new anti-graffiti system. It contains watervapour-permeable silicones. These virtually eradicate such undesirable side effects.
“The need for effective anti-graffiti protection is increasing,” explained Kreuzpointner. According to a US study from 2015, the global market for dirtresistant coatings is worth US$2.3bn. Experts forecast annual growth of around 6.6% through to 2026, when the market will be worth US$4.6bn. “All major paint makers are currently trying to get to grips with the graffiti problem,” said Kreuzpointner. “That’s why our customers are so interested in our technology.” PPCJ Web: www.wacker.com
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PRODUCT NEWS
IN BRIEF Solsperse W300 Lubrizol has announced the commercial availability of Solsperse W300 waterborne hyperdispersant for use in performance coatings for building and construction applications. An APE-free polymeric dispersant, it is specifically recommended for the dispersion of inorganic pigments and fillers in highly-filled white roof coatings, waterproofing coatings and tint bases used in the building and construction market. Its broad compatibility with various resins and fillers gives formulators the flexibility to optimise and enhance final coating performance. Solsperse W300 delivers excellent dispersion, colourant compatibility, opacity and stable viscosity. In addition, its unique chemistry has less impact on film properties, especially water resistance, making it ideal for use in roofing and waterproofing coatings. www.lubrizol.com
Decorative coatings for glass and ceramics Axalta has launched Eleglas, its vibrant portfolio of decorative coatings designed to protect and enhance the aesthetics of glass and ceramic surfaces. Included in this portfolio is a water-based polymer, anti-shatter technology, engineered to provide a protective liner that keeps glass and ceramic fragments intact in the event of a break. The coatings are available in a variety of colours, finishes and specifications, and are designed to protect surfaces against shattering, chemicals, abrasions, scratches and washing. In addition, its anti-shatter technology is designed to protect broken items from leaking or causing injury. www.axaltacs.com
Automated bulk solids drum dumping system from Flexicon A new Tip-Tite® Drum Dumping System from Flexicon automatically rolls drums containing bulk material into position, dumps the material into downstream equipment and rolls empty drums out of the dumping station, allowing safe, high-capacity transfer from drums of all popular sizes weighing up to 340kg. Once full drums are rolled onto the dumping station platform, a hydraulic cylinder raises and seats the drum rim against a discharge hood. A second hydraulic cylinder then
tips the drum to an angle of 45, 60 or 90 degrees with a motiondampening feature. At full rotation, the slide gate opens to allow controlled discharge of material into downstream process equipment. After the empty container is returned to
its upright position, the rolling motion is reversed and the container is halted in front of a pneumatically-actuated pusher, which transfers the empty drum to the return conveyor for removal. Meanwhile, another full drum rolls into position on the dumping platform. It is also offered in high-lift configurations for dumping into elevated receiving equipment and in open-chute and dust-free Tip-Tite designs for dumping of boxes, bins, pails and other containers. www.flexicon.co.uk
Biocide-free waterborne binder solution VeoVa™ vinyl ester monomer from Hexion Inc is a key component in a new specialised binder developed by Vanora for the paint and coatings industry that is environmentally preferred for having no volatile organic compounds (VOCs). Vanora, an innovative polymer dispersion manufacturer located in Sempach, Switzerland, leveraged Hexion’s VeoCryl technology, which combines VeoVa vinyl ester and acrylate monomers, to develop a biocide-free dispersion.
Biocides are the active chemical molecules that can be used to control or inhibit harmful microorganism growth. The new dispersion known as DXV.4229 contains waterglass, also known as sodium silicate, to increase the pH and a stabilised hydrophobic polymer based on VeoVa vinyl ester. VeoVa vinyl ester provides both alkaline and water resistance, while the water glass ensures good water vapour diffusion. DXV.4229 is suitable for use in indoor and outdoor paints and plasters.
“Hexion was pleased to co-operate with Vanora to create a biocide-free alternative for water-based industrial paints,” said Harold Schweitzer, Vice President and General Manager, Versatic Acids & Derivatives. “Importantly, the binder DXV.4229 does not emit VOCs and this technology meets the growing need for a sustainable solution in response to recent stringent legislation in Europe that limit the use of biocides in paints and coatings.” www.hexion.com
Dual drive centrifugal sifter with integral feeder A new model MOB-DD-SS dual-drive CentriSifter™ centrifugal sifter from Kason allows independent speed control of the feed screw and helical paddle assembly, allowing each to be adjusted separately according to characteristics of individual materials for maximising feed control into the sifter and for optimum efficiency and capacity. The speed of the variable feed screw can be entered remotely or by an operator at the control panel to feed material into the horizontal screen cylinder consistently at the desired controlled rate without the need for a separate feeding device, as required for repeatable sifting performance. In the same manner, rotation speed of the helical paddles, which never touch the screen, can be adjusted to accelerate material against and through apertures in the screen cylinder at speeds sufficient to break down agglomerates and achieve desired throughput. On-size particles passing through the screen
gravity discharge through a flanged outlet to any downstream process. Oversize particles spiralling through the screen cylinder are ejected through its open end to gravity discharge through a secondary outlet for disposal or reprocessing. www.kasoneurope.com
48 PPCJ • September 2018 www.coatingsgroup.com
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CLASSIFIED ADVERTISING Pigments
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Plant & Machinery
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KOCAELİ / TURKEY www.sozer.com
Tel:+ 90 (262) 722 92 55 Fax: +90 (262) 722 92 65 E-mail: info@sozer.com
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