Tahtib اﻟﺘﺤﻄﻴﺐ An Ancient Egyptian Martial Art
ﻟﻌﺒﺔ اﻟﻌـــــﺼﺎه اﻟﻤـــــﺼﺮﻳﻪ اﻟﻘﺪﻳــــــﻤﺔ
Contents 02 Introduction 04 Brief History 06 Gameplay 08 Jousting Styles 18 Costume Motifs 26 Weaponry Motifs
اﻟﻤﺤﺘﻮﻳﺎت ٠٢
اﻟﻤﻘﺪﻣﺔ
٠٤
ﻧﺒﺬة ﺗﺎرﻳﺨﻴﺔ
٠٦
ﻛﻴﻔﻴﺔ اﻟﻠﻌﺐ
٠٨أﺑﻮاب اﻟﻘﺘﺎل ١٨اﻟﺰي اﻟﺮﺳﻤﻲ ٢٦اﻟﺴﻼح اﻟﺮﺳﻤﻲ
Intro اﻟﻤـــــــــــــــــــــــــــــﻘﺪﻣــﺔ duction 2
Tahtib is the modern Egyptian term of stick-fighting Martial Art that is practiced till nowadays by the majority of Upper Egypt’s Population, specifically, in Luxor & Assuit. It is a defense only form of gaming, where it is used by its practitioners to protect their proveniences, territories, and houses whilst most importantly, using it as a form of selfdefense. Also, it is considered a vigorous outdoor activity that became more of a tradition to the population of Upper Egypt. Where, it is practiced during the celebration of special events like weddings, “El-Mwaled”, and the official & national events. Similarly, there is an annual competition sponsored by the Egyptian Ministry of Culture, in order to keep a keen perspective on the continuity of the sport. However, this sport is at risk due to the rapid urbanization that is invading the area, which endangered the continuity of the sport,; enlisting it to the endangered Egyptian Intangible heritage at risk by the UNESCO.
و اﻟﺬي ﻳُ ﻤﺎرس إﻟﻲ ﻳﻮﻣﻨﺎ ﻫﺬا ﻣﻦ ﻗِ ﺒﻞ، إن ﻣﺼﻄﻠﺢ اﻟﺘﺤﻄﻴﺐ ﻫﻮ اﻟﻤﺼﻄﻠﺢ اﻟﻤﺘﺤﻀﺮ ﻟﻔﻦ اﻟﻠﻌﺐ ﺑﺎﻟﻌﺼﺎه اﻟﻘﺘﺎﻟﻲ وﺗﻌﺘﺒﺮ ﻫﺬه اﻟﻠﻌﺒﻪ ﻣﻦ اﻷﻟﻌﺎب. ﰲ ﻣﺪﻳﻨﺘﻰ اﻷﻗﺼﺮ و أﺳﻴﻮط، ﻋﻠﻲ وﺟﻪ اﻷﺧﺺ،أﻏﻠﺒﻴﺔ اﻟﻤﻘﻴﻤﻴﻦ ﻓﻰ ﺻﻌﻴﺪ ﻣِ ﺼﺮ . و اﻷﻛﺜﺮ أﻫﻤﻴﺔ اﻟﺪﻓﺎع ﻋﻦ اﻟﻨﻔﺲ، و اﻟﻤﻨﺎزل، و اﻷراﺿﻲ، و اﻷﺣﻴﺎء، ﺣﻴﺚ ُﺗﻤﺎرس ﺑﻬﺪف ﺣﻤﺎﻳﺔ اﻟﻤﻨﺎﻃﻖ،اﻟﺪﻓﺎﻋﻴﺔ ، و اﻟﻤﻮاﺳﻢ، ﺣﻴﺚ ﺗﺘﻢ ﻣﻤﺎرﺳﺘﻬﺎ ﰲ اﻷﺣﺘﻔﺎﻻت، ﺗﻌﺘﺒﺮ ﻫﺬه اﻟﻠﻌﺒﻪ ﻣﻦ اﻷﻧﺸﻄﺔ اﻷﻛﺜﺮ أﻧﺘﺸﺎر ًا ﰲ ﺻﻌﻴﺪ ﻣﺼﺮ،أﻳﻀ ًﺎ . ﻳﻘﺎم ﻟﻬﺎ ﻣﺴﺎﺑﻘﺔ رﺳﻤﻴﺔ ﺑﺮﻋﺎﻳﺔ وزارة اﻟﺜﻘﺎﻓﺔ ﺑﻬﺪف اﻹﺑﻘﺎء ﻋﻠﻲ أﺳﺘﻤﺮارﻳﺔ اﻟﻠﻌﺒﻪ، ﻛﻤﺎ.اﻟﻤﻨﺎﺳﺒﺎت و اﻷﻋﻴﺎد اﻟﺮﺳﻤﻴﺔ ﺻﺎر أﺳﺘﻤﺮار اﻟﺘﺤﻄﻴﺐ ﻛﺮﻳﺎﺿﻪ و ﻟﻌﺒﻪ ﻣﻬﺪد ﺑﺎﻹﻧﺪﺛﺎر؛،ﻟﻜﻦ ﻣﻊ إزدﻫﺎر اﻟﺘﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﭼﻴﺎ و وﺻﻮل اﻟﺘﻤﺪﻳﻦ ﻟﺼﻌﻴﺪ ﻣﺼﺮ و.ﻣﻤﺎ ﺟﻌﻞ ﻣﻨﻈﻤﺔ اﻟﻴﻮﻧﺴﻜﻮ إﺗﺨﺎذ اﻹﺟﺮاءت اﻟﻼزﻣﻪ ﺑﻀﻢ اﻟﺘﺤﻄﻴﺐ إﻟﻲ ﻗﺎﺋﻤﺔ اﻟﺘﺮاث اﻟﻤﺮﺋﻲ اﻟﻤﻌﺮض ﻟﻸﻧﻘﺮاض
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Brief ﻧﺒـــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــﺬة ﺗـــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــﺎرﻳﺨﻴﺔ History 4
There is no historical pro0f on how Tahtib was established. Yet, it has a strong evident appearance since the beginning of the Egyptian Civilization. Where, it was taught to young Royal family members as a form of a sophisticated Martial Art that would be practiced during gatherings, accompined with music. Likewise, it was practiced by royal families especially, females and Younglings as a form of an advanced self-defense technique to deter assassination attempts. However in a chronological order, the first documented reference to Tahtib was during the rule of King Menes (Dynasty I, 3100 - 3050 BC) who unified Egypt that he invited the greatest warriors throughout all Africa, India, and several locations in the Middle East to train his armies, fulfilling his desire to lead the world’s greatest army. Then, by the Islamic era Tahtib was mainly practiced and modified by Arab as a sort of territory protection technique. And only by the evolution of warfare, Tahtib was more of misconcepted as a form of Art Performance rather than a recognized sport of its own rules.
و ﻟﻜﻦ ﻟﻠﺘﺤﻄﻴﺐ ﻇﻬﻮر واﺿﺢ. ﻻ ﻳﻮﺟﺪ أي دﻟﻴﻞ أو ﺗﻮﺛﻴﻖ ﺗﺎرﻳﺨﻲ ﻋﻦ ﻛﻴﻒ ُأﺳﺴﺖ ﻟﻌﺒﺔ اﻟﺘﺤﻄﻴﺐ،ﺣﺘﻲ اﻷن ّ ﺣﻴﺚ ﻛﺎن ﻳﺘﻢ ﺗﺪرﻳﺐ أﻓﺮاد اﻟﻌﺎﺋﻠﺔ اﻟﻤﺎﻟﻜﺔ.ﻣﻊ ﺑﺪاﻳﺔ اﻟﺤﻀﺎره اﻟﻤﺼﺮﻳﻪ اﻟﻘﺪﻳﻤﺔ ﻟﺘﺆدى ﻓﻰ اﻟﻤﻨﺎﺳﺒﺎت اﻟﻬﺎﻣﺔ ﻛﻤﺎ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ُﺗﺪرب ﻟﻠﺼﻐﺎر و اﻷﻧﺎث ﻣﻦ اﻟﻌﺎﺋﻠﺔ اﻟﻤﺎﻟﻜﻪ ﻛﻨﻮع ﻣﻦ أﺳﺎﻟﻴﺐ اﻟﺪﻓﺎع ﻋﻦ اﻟﻨﻔﺲ.اﻟﺨﺎﺻﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻤﻠﻚ ﻓﺈن أول ﺗﻮﺛﻴﻖ ﻟﻠﺘﺤﻄﻴﺐ ﻛﺎن ﻓﻰ ﻋﺼﺮ اﻟﻤﻠﻚ، و وﻓﻘ ًﺎ ﻟﻸﺣﺪاث اﻟﺘﺎرﻳﺨﻴﺔ.ﺑﻬﺪف إﺑﻄﺎل ﻣﺤﺎوﻻت اﻹﻏﺘﻴﺎل ﻣﻦ ﺑﻌﺾ اﻟﻤﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﻓﻰ اﻟﺸﺮق اﻷوﺳﻂ، و اﻟﻬﻨﺪ، ﺣﻴﺚ دﻋﺎ أﻫﻢ اﻟﻤﺤﺎرﺑﻴﻦ ﻣﻦ إﻓﺮﻳﻘﻴﺎ،ﻣﻴﻨﺎ ﻣﻮﺣﺪ اﻟﻘﻄﺮﻳﻦ ً ﺑﻬﺪف ﺗﺪرﻳﺐ ﺟﻴﻮﺷﻪ؛ ﻛﺎن، و ﻣﻊ ﻇﻬﻮر اﻟﺤﻀﺎره اﻹﺳﻼﻣﻴﺔ.رﻏﺒﺔ ﰲ اﻟﺤﺼﻮل ﻋﻠﻲ أﻗﻮي ﺟﻴﺶ ﰲ اﻟﻌﺎﻟﻢ ﻣﻦ ﺗﻄﻮر ﺻﻨﺎﻋﺔ، و ﻟﻜﻦ.ﻳﺘﻢ ﻣﻤﺎرﺳﺔ اﻟﺘﺤﻄﻴﺐ ﻛﻨﻮع ﻣﻦ أﺳﺎﻟﻴﺐ ﺣﻤﺎﻳﺔ اﻟﻤﻨﺎﻃﻖ و اﻟﻤﻨﺎزل ﻣﻦ ﻗِ ﺒﻞ اﻟﻌﺮب ب.ﺗﺤﻮل اﻟﺘﺤﻄﻴﺐ ﻣﻦ ﻧﻮع رﻳﺎﺿﺔ ﻟﻬﺎ ﻗﻮاﻧﻴﻨﻬﺎ اﻟﺨﺎﺻﺔ إﻟﻲ ﻋﺮض راﻗﺺ ﻟﻠﺘﺮﻓﻴﻪ ﻋﻦ اﻟﻨﺎس ّ اﻷﺳﻠﺤﺔ ﺗﻢ
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Game
ﻛـــــــــﻴــــــــﻔــــــــــــﻴــــــــﺔ اﻟﻠـــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــﻌﺐ Play
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Tahtib is a duelling game that is similar to fencing, where two opponents rival and fight till the forfit of one. However, there are codes and regulations that should not be violated to assure the safety of the players along with, the justification of the game practice itself.
The Rules: Not to hit a player on the head when he is turning back. If the opponent player fell, the other player should wait till the player decides whether to continue the duel or forfit. In a match between a team of two the other player can join only if his teammate approach his stick to him. ﻳﻮﺟﺪ ﺑﻌﺾ، ﻟﻜﻦ. ﺣﻴﺚ أن ﻳﺘﺒﺎرز اﺛﻨﺎن اﻟﻲ اﻧﺴﺤﺎب ﻻﻋﺐ،اﻟﺘﺤﻄﻴﺐ ﻟﻌﺒﻪ ﻣﺒﺎرزه ﻣﺜﺎﻟﻬﺎ ﻛﻤﺜﺎل اﻟﻤﺒﺎرزه اﻟﻔﺮﻧﺴﻴﻪ ز. ﺣﻤﺎﻳﺔ ﻟﻼﻋﺐ و ﻟﺘﺤﻘﻴﻖ اﻟﻌﺪاﻟﻪ ﰲ ارض اﻟﻤﻠﻌﺐ:اﻟﻘﻮاﻋﺪ و اﻻﻟﺰاﻣﺎت اﻟﺘﻲ ﻳﺠﺐ اﺗﺒﺎﻋﻬﺎ ﻋﻨﺪ اﻟﻠﻌﺐ
ذ:اﻟﻘﻮاﻋﺪ ذ.ﻻ ﻳﺠﺐ ﺿﺮب اﻻﻋﺐ اﻟﻤﻨﺎﻓﺲ ﺣﻴﻦ اداره راﺳﻪ ﻳﺠﺐ اﻷﻧﺘﻈﺎر ﻟﺮؤﻳﺔ إذا أراد ﺗﻜﻤﻠﺖ اﻟﻤﺒﺎره أم،إذا وﻗﻊ إﺣﺪي اﻻﻋﺒﻴﻦ ﻋﻠﻲ اﻷرص ز.اﻷﻧﺴﺤﺎب ﻳﻨﺘﻈﺮ اﻻﻋﺐ اﻟﺰﻣﻴﻞ زﻣﻴﻠﻪ ان ﺑﻘﺘﺮب ﻣﻨﻪ ﺑﺎﻟﻌﺼﺎه،ﰲ وﺳﻂ أي ﻣﺒﺎراه ﺗﺪار ﺑﻴﻦ ﻓﺮﻳﻘﻴﻦ ي.ﺣﺘﻲ ﻳﺘﻤﻜﻦ ﻣﻦ اﻻﻧﻀﻤﺎم ﻻرض اﻟﻤﻠﻌﺐ
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Jousting
ــــــــــــــــــــﻮاب ـــــــــــــــــــــــﺎل
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أﺑــــــــــــــــــــــــــ اﻟــﻘــــــــــﺘــــــــ
Styles
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1
Ta’assil اﻟـﺘـــﺄﺻـــــﻴــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــﻞ (Rooting) Style ١
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4
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3
٣
2
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Move, and attack from the rear. ﻟــــــــﻒ و أﻫﺠﻢ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺨﻠـــﻒ.ؤ 5
٥
1
Tarkiz اﻟـﺘــــﺮﻛــــــــﻴــــــــــــــــــﺰ (Centering) Style ١
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4
٤
3
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2
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Align Body, protect your sides. أﺻﻄﻒ ﺟـﺴـﺪك ،أﺣـﻤـــﻲ ﺟﺎﻧـﺒ[ ﻴـــﻚ.ذ 6
٦
5
٥
1
ElTezam اﻷﻟــــﺘــــــــــــــــــــــــــﺰام (Committing) Style ١
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4
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3
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2
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Accelerate, Engage. أﺷﺘــﺒـــــﻚ.ب أﺳــــــــــــــﺮع، ِ 5
٥
1
Tawassol اﻟـــﺘـــــﻮاﺻــــــــــــــــــــــــــــﻞ (Linking) Style ١
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4
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3
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2
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!Hit on the skin أﺿﺮب ﻋﻠﻲ اﻟﻠﺤﻢ!د 6
٦
5
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Costume
اﻟـــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــﺰي اﻟـــﺮﺳـــــــــــــﻤـــــــــــــــــﻲ Motifs
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The outfit is made of Cotton fabric with embellishments of Fabric motifs that transmit the essence of the sport.
ﻣﻊ ﺗﺰﻳﻨﻪ ﺑﺎﻷﺳﺎور، اﻟﺰي ﻣﺼﻨﻊ ﺑﺎﻟﻜﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻘﻄﻦ اﻟﻤﺼﺮي ز.اﻟﻤﻄﺮزه اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺤﻤﻞ اﻟﻤﻌﺎﻧﻲ اﻟﺴﺎﻣﻴﻪ ﻟﻠﻌﺒﻪ اﻟﺘﺤﻄﻴﺐ
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The Costume is mainly designed to be a one suit that is supported by an embedded belt around the waist to protect the waist area from hits. Also, the suit is of wide area to create a unified shape of how the body should stay undefined, allowing the player to focus on the functionality of the attire rather than the look and feel of it.
ﺣﻮل ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ،ﺗﻢ ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ اﻟﺰي ﻛﻘﻄﻌﻪ واﺣﺪه ﻣﺰوده ﺑﺤﺰام ﻣﺒﻄﻦ ﺣﺘﻲ ﻳﺤﻤﻲ اﻻﻋﺐ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻀﺮﺑﺎت ﻷن ﻫﺬه اﻟﻤﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﺗﻌﺘﺒﺮ،اﻟﻮﺳﻂ ﻳﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﻫﺬا اﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻢ اﻟﻼﻋﺐ ﻣﻦ، ﻛﻤﺎ.اﻻﺿﻌﻒ ﰲ ﺟﺴﺪ اﻻﻋﺐ ز. ﻻﻧﻪ ﻻ ﻳﺤﺪد اﻟﺠﺴﺪ ﻣﻤﺎ ﻳﺠﻌﻠﻪ ﻋﻤﻠﻲ ﰲ اﻟﺘﻄﺒﻴﻖ،ﺣﻴﺚ اﻟﺸﻜﻞ
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21
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Every Motif added to the design has a symbolic implementation in relation to Tahtib as a sport.
Stability
Control
Unity
Flexibility
اﻟﺜﺒﺎت
اﻟﺘﺤﻜﻢ
اﻟﺘﻮﺣﻴﺪ
اﻟﻤﺮوﻧﻪ
ﻛﻞ زﺧﺮﻓﻪ ﻣﺰوده ﰲ اﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻢ ﺗﻀﻴﻒ ﻟﻪ ﻣﻌﻨﻲ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﻌﺎﻧﻲ اﻟﻤﻌﻨﻮﻳﻪ ﻟﻠﺘﺤﻄﻴﺐ ﻛﺮﻳﺎﺿﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺣﻴﺚ اﻟﺮﻣﻮز و اﻻﺳﺎﻟﻴﺐ اﻟﻤﺘﻌﻠﻘﻪ ﺑﺎﻟﻠﻌﺒﻪ.ز
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The pattern on the sleeves, legs, and belt of the outfit consists of sharp triangles and lines, which expresses the stiffness, strength of the sport, along with the boldness of it.
ﻳﺘﻜﻮن ﻣﻦ ﻣﺜﻠﺜﺎت ﺣﺎده: و اﻟﺤﺰام، اﻷرﺟﻞ،اﻟﻨﻤﻂ اﻟﻤﺮﺳﻮم ﻋﻠﻲ اﻟﻜﻤﺎم ي. اﺿﺎﻓﻪ ﻟﺬﻟﻚ اﻟﺠﺮاءه. و اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻤﺜﻞ ﻛﺰازه و ﻗﻮه اﻟﻠﻌﺒﻪ،و ﺧﻄﻮط
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Weapon
اﻟـــــﺴـــــــــــــــــــــــــــــﻼح اﻟـــﺮﺳـــــــــــــﻤـــــــــــــــــﻲ Motifs
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120 cm
13.3 cm
The Tahtib stick has a length of 120 cm (9 palms) and made of Bamboo wood and has a cylinderical shape that is slanted by the end to have a thickness of nearly 1.5 cm.
ﻗﺒﻀﺎت( و ﺗﺼﻨﻊ ﻣﻦ ﺧﺸﺐ اﻟﺨﺮزاﻧﺒﺸﻜﻞ٩) ﺳﻢ١٢٠ ﻋﺼﺎه اﻟﺘﺤﻄﻴﺐ ﻳﺠﺐ ان ﻳﻜﻮن ﻃﻮﻟﻬﺎ ٫. ﺳﻢ١.٥ داﺋﺮي ﻣﺴﺤﻮب ﻟﻴﺼﺒﺢ ﺳﻤﻜﻬﺎ
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The Stick handle has two variations one that is carved with the special code for the 4 main jousting styles of the stick, and the other is wrapped with a leather cloth for a firm grip on the hand. All to assure the safety of playing and a gentle feel on the player’s hands while duelling.
28
إن ﻟﻴﺪ اﻟﻌﺼﺎه ﺷﻜﻼن ،اﻻول ﻣﻨﺤﻮت ﺑﺂﺳﻠﻴﺐ اﻟﻘﺘﺎل اﻟﻤﺘﻤﺎﺛﻠﻪ ﰲ اﻻرﺑﻊ ارﻛﺎن ﻣﻦ اﻟﻠﻌﺐ .اﻣﺎ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﻪ ﻣﻐﻄﺎه ﺑﻘﻄﻌﻪ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺠﻠﺪ ﻟﻠﺘﺎﻛﻴﺪ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺣﻤﺎﻳﻪ اﻻﻋﺐ اﺛﻨﺎء اﻻﺷﺘﺒﺎك و ﻣﺮاﻋﺎه اﻻﻋﺐ ﻣﻦ ﻧﺎﺣﻴﺔ اﻟﺮاﺣﺔ ﻟﻴﺪﻳﻪ.ر
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ــــــــــــــــــــــــــﺮﻋﺔ ــﻪ ﻓـــــﻘــــــــــــﻂ ـــــــــــــــــــــــﺎت ﺤـــــــــــــﻜـــــــــــــــﻢ ـــــــــــــــــــــــــــﻮح
اﻟــــــــــــﺴــــــــــــــ ﻣـــــــــــﻤــــﻜﻨــ ﻣــﻊ اﻟــــﺜـــﺒــــــــــــ و اﻟـــــــــــــــــﺘــﺤ و اﻟـــــﻮﺿــــــــــــــ
DA 20 17