fa l l p r o c e s s b o o k dol desn
c
imnamkhao
410| 2d core design studio
instructor:
katherine
gillieson
table of content 04 i. thesis project introduction 06 ii. research proposal problem space proposal diagram of problem space precedents research literature review (secondary research)
023 iii. early design process elements personas general function of deliverable visual research + sketches moodboards + inspiration
036 iii. final design mockups mock up of deliverable
036 iv. conclusion schedule + plans
040 v. appendices 060 vi. bibliography
i. thesis project introduction
executive summary Looking at an integral part of an urban dweller’s everyday routine of walking, the research looks to create a more comfortable walking experience on the sidewalks of downtown Vancouver. With urbanization (packed cities) and high level of diversity, people find the need to maintain their own sense of personal space and individual identity. Those factors, put together with the fast paced lifestyle cause people to keep to themselves and stick to those that they know are similar to them (in order to maintain a sense of security). This results in a less cohesive society and leaves the streets and sidewalks of Vancouver a cold and disconnected place. Incorporating interactive wayfinding systems, information design and space design, the project is a game/movement that allows natural participation, which creates a space for self awareness in a public space. This allows potential for a more enriching experience which will help urban dwellers feel more comfortable when navigating their way through a city. While the ultimate goal is to increase social interactions, the project looks to empower people, in order to feel comfortable enough with who they are in the space that they are in; therefore starting at the very root of problem.
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research Conceptually, my research thus far has involved many aspects that to some extent relate to the issue of social segregation. I’ve conducted research on architecture and urban design, looking specifically and how those two factors can influence or change people’s behaviours. Being heavily inspired by that, I have also read books on the idea of “space.” Within those books, I looked into what space is and what it’s used for, orchestrated and created space as well as physical and mental space. I have looked into body language, mindfulness, the slow movement and the psychology of people in social and public spaces in order to get an insight into how people present themselves in different situations. I’ve read reports on how multiculturalism and diversity can either positively or negatively influence the city. I have also investigated the existing precedents and examples, evaluating the wayfinding systems in different places, bus shelter ads and even sidewalk poetry to understand how those are tools (urban typography) that promote social interaction and contributes to creating a friendlier and more attractive city. Following up in the next term, I will be focusing the first month on primary research, conducting online interviews to go along with my co-creation sessions.
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ii. research + proposal
big problem Urbanization brought along with it many benefits and advantages, but the increasing number of urban settlers drove architects and designers to create living spaces that provide shelter to the growing number of urban residents. Packed cities, call for big tall buildings which accommodate hundreds of people, forcing them to live in close proximity with each other causing people to want their own personal space, creating clear physical boundaries. The living situation, along with the fast paced lifestyle that everybody leads results in little space and time for interaction between people, causing a less connected and engaged society. Social isolation, is defined as the complete, or near complete lack of interaction and engagement with the people and community in which one lives in. Social segregation is the separation of one category of people from another, usually perpetuating conditions of social inequality and oppression (Watson). The City of Vancouver defines a city with social sustainability as a city that allows its residents to develop their personal capacity and to feel comfortable enough to fully contribute, partake and benefit from all aspects of the community. These communities should be able to foster a supportive and inclusive culture. However, Vancouver Coastal Health states that ¼ of the people living in big cities suffer from social isolation, and 40% of that state that they feel a weak sense to the community. The Vancouver Sun highlights the fact that Vancouver, being as multicultural as it is, is a community of communities. Along with an individual’s need to have their own personal space, is the need to have their own identity. The Vancouver Sun also wrote, “Identity politics can undermine the common good.” While the idea of having an identity that relates to a community can provide a sense of belonging, it can also draw up invisible lines and boundaries that break people up because they tend to believe that they lack something in fa l l process book
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common with anyone outside of their communities.
small problem The smaller problem being investigated is the problem of social isolation in vancouver due to people’s need to have an identity that adheres to a larger community/subculture, as well as people’s needs for personal/private space. This makes it more convenient for people to stick to themselves for they feel that it’s safer, and that they have little in common with the people around them. It also causes people to feel uncomfortable when being outside of their private home comfort, leaving the sidewalks and streets of downtown vancouver a more disconnected place. proposal One main criteria for the deliverable is that is has to be natural, and something that’s integrated into people’s everyday routine. Looking at the idea of walking, ____ is a game/ movement that enhances the experience of urban dwellers and tourists. With many aspects adhering to one big system, the design solution will encourage people to think about where they are, how they are acting in that space and potentially see what they can do to feel more comfortable with where they are in the city rush. Incorporating wayfinding systems, interactive information display and space design, a game that aims to help people become more aware and comfortable of the surrounding they’re in is created. Through a series of activities involving culturally relevant information and inspiring expressions of the everyday comfort, the game and movement will empower people to feel more connected to themselves and the city, which will lead to them feeling more encouraged to socially interact with others. With a focus on it being a natural process, the game contains multiple levels of participation, which will be described later on.
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home home
security comfort
privacy
densed population + living in close proximity
need for personal space
multicultural + diverse city
need to maintain individual identity
social isolation + disconnected city
want to leave a mark
can’t find common ground
want to belong to a group
to feel empowered enough to break out of own shell
hunchback walking earphones in
rushed walking
cold + disconnected sidewalk culture
discomfort + closed off to the surrounding creates invisible + physical boundaries
avoid eye contact
feels vulnerable disregard people
to feel comfortable in the space and make use of everything in the surrounding
need to promote mindfulness + empowerment
to feel comfortable with who they are in the space they are in
to lessen the prominence of invisible boundaries
precedents research living at bute: A living room set up next to the rainbow crosswalk on Davie and Bute, to provide a friendly seeting area and environment for the public. Strengths: •
Provides a very welcoming and open space for sitting and interacting
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Holds events on selected days of the week to invite people in
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Celebrates the neighbourhood very well because teh aesthetic is very relevant to the neighbourhood
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Brings the private to the public
Weaknesses: •
When there are no events going on people are unaware or discouraged to use the space
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The set up requires closing off one block so traffic can get messy
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There are some traffic pylons which give off a less friendly vibe
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It’s not as natural of a process, you would have to go there to find it in order to sit in it
colouring cambie: A project using temporary chalk-painted pedestrian walkway that is interactive and engaging while also supporting the Vancouver’s Greenest City Action plan. It aims to make walking more pleasurable. Strengths: •
It lightens up the pavement and creates visual stimulant for people to walk
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It’s playful and people might try walking along the path
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It is strong because it investigates people’s footprints and desire lines
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It takes into consideratoin walkers and bikers
Weaknesses: •
Although it can be intuitive, there is no real guide of what the project is about and people might not really get what the point is
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There is no real end goal or achievement that you would get after walking through it
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It is placed under a bridge, an area that not a lot of people walk by
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The space is pretty opened so people can choose to walk away from it if they wanted to
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walking local: Where Can You Walk in 10 Minutes? A project/game that encourages people to walka round the city to explore what’s around them within a 10 minute walking distance. Strengths: •
It encourages urban exploration and has a limit of 10 minutes so people don’t get too lost or overwhelmed by everything
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It makes it easier for people who don’t usually enjoy walking
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It promotes sustainable means of transport
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Utilizes graphics to communicate locations
Weaknesses: •
Aesthetics may be a bit too official and corporate like - less authentic to Vancouver as a city
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Aesthetics look too much like translink and remind people of the bus
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Wayfinding can be improved to help navigate people through the city
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Whether or not the context of the places they walk to is given is unclear
reimagine your park: A project that enhances park space with gathering spaces for people to promote interconnectedness. Strengths: •
There is a piano and everybody loves music so the music enhances the atmosphere and people usually gather to listen
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The existing elements in the park are maintained and kept well
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It brings private space to the public
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It provides an open space and is in a park; studies show that green spaces provide a friendlier atmosphere for everyone
Weaknesses: •
The elements such as seating are set in stone, people are to gather within the constraints provided and don’t get to arrange things to how they see would be more effective
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There is no shelter from the weather which can be a problem because Vancouver’s weather is unpredictable
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It’s not as intuitive and isn’t as integral of a process as it could be
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People don’t always go to parks so sometimes it might just be left there without any usage. fa l l process book
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the long table + community conversations: A gathering place at a long table for people in the community to discuss relevant issues. Strengths: •
Allows people of all ages and backgrounds to discuss issues concerning the city we live in
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Gears into people’s mind and gets people to start thinking early
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Long tables allow space for open communication and enforces the idea of collaboration more because everyone is sitting together
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Gets people who are involved and effected by all the issues to think for themselves on what they can do
Weaknesses: •
It is a facilitated event, so it doesn’t happen all the time and it’s something you would ahve to go to or sign up for
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It is unclear whether or not there is someone who is going to lead the conversation, it may be hard for some people to speak up
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Sometimes it it set outside which may be hard due to the weather
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The tables and chairs could be made to look friendlier and more inviting
vancouver community garden: Community Garden projects for residents of Vancouver to work together on gardening for the community, Strengths: •
Brings people together in different neighbourhood to do something for the common good
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Supports the social fabric and enhances the local economy
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Creates more green space for the environment and community
Weaknesses:
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It can be hard to find the time to do if you are a student or have jobs
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People are unaware of how to get involved
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The space is opened so there is always a fear of it getting destroyed
park-a-park: A mobile community hub which explores public art and community engagement through repurposing a roll-off disposable bin into a seating area Strengths: •
Enforces the idea of sustainability because it repurposes an old gargbage container into a green space that allows seating
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It’s a pop up event and moves around everywhere, allowing people to sit in it under a shade to talk to people
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It’s very friendly and inviting looking
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Each location is temporary so it moves around which encourages people to follow it and allows people in different areas to experience it
Weaknesses: •
There is very limited space for people to sit, so only one group of friends can sit there
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The seating arrangement could be improved to become more integral for everyone
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There is a lack of suggested activities and games that can be used to start conversation between strangers
meetup.com: A platform for communication to gather people with similar interests. Strengths: •
Brings people together who share common interest in various topics to discuss and learn more
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Provides a space for people to share ideas, talk about what they like and meet potential people who could benefit them in their careers and life
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Informatoin is accessible through online platform; it brings the internet to life
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Encompasses a wide range of topics of interest
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Its interface is very easy to use and the content is user-generated
Weaknesses: •
Certain information is displayed in a very overwhelming manner
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It’s not something you can do in your own time, you have to follow a certain schedule
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Content is not always categorized to the most efficient way
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@thisopenspacey: An open space setup in several parts of Vancouver allowing temporary events to take place and pop up shops to take place. Strengths: •
Allows a wide range of oragnization and events to occur there
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Acts as a hub for people to come use and learn new things
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It’s exciting because it’s temporary and new events are always happening so people keep coming back
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Acts as open space for people to gather and do work when there are no events going on
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It’s a very versatile space, so many things can be done to it
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They provide marketing and public relations advertising so people know about it
Weaknesses: •
Can be hard to get to because the spaces aren’t always at the most convenient spots
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Information is only available on website and through instagram, there are no functional cross platform applications that allow you to get information about them
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The space can almost be too small to gather a larger amount of people
@thisopenspacey: A library and resrouce where people can browse through a collection of tools specific to their needs. Strengths: •
The VTL is not only a source for equpiments, but also a source for knowledge because the people who work there are willing to help you out with the tools
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There are workshops that teach people how to get certain tasks done
project for public spaces: An organization which explores urban design and looks at what alredy exists and uses the conept of placemaking in order to promote social interaction in a city. They look at doing installations, setups and various displays which help implement multifunctional uses on the existing spaces.
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literature review The purpose of the research is to investigate how space, architecture, and urban design can influence people’s behaviours in a public setting and lessen the problem of social isolation. Taking into consideration multiculturalism and diversity and the high number of residents in downtown Vancouver, I am exploring how culturally relevant information, body language diagrams and “little pick-me-ups” implemented into wayfinding, interactive information display and space design can empower, cause people to think and feel more relaxed when walking on the streets. social isolation Traci Watson wrote an article for Wired that talks about social isolation. She defines it as an objective condition in which people have little interaction with others. It is different from loneliness. She also reveals that socially isolated subjects had 26% greater risk of dying. the city + urban areas First, it is important to look at what a city is. According to the Merriam Webster Dictionary, a city is a space inhabited by a great population that that of a town. It is a place where a huge number of people come to live and work. What’s important to consider is besides that, what is a city for? What are the standards that should be set in a city? A city should be inclusive. The United Nations Habitat Sector explains that a city should promote social integration, value and celebrate everyone’s cultural expressions and beliefs. It should provide for all of its residents (regardless of ethnicity, status or gender) and facilitate equal access to social amenities, participation and opportunities in bettering the city (Moreno, Oyeyinka, Mboup, 56).The City of Vancouver says that a city should provide social sustainability, meaning that it should allow for all residents to benefit and partake in all aspects of the community (Cooper, 2006). the urban lifestyle Cities are known to be very busy and things are always happening. “you cannot separate the social life of urban spaces from velocity of the activities happening there. public life begins when we slow down” (montgomery, 26). With the busy lifestyle that most urban residents lead, people are usually concentrated from getting from point A to point B. What they don’t’ realize is that by doing so, they are moving at such a high speed that they disregard everything that’s going on; be it people, signage or the little gems outside that don’t appear as apparent. Taking from the quotation by Montgomery, it is hard to separate what someone is doing from what the rest of the world is doing because everyone’s moving at their own speed. They focus only on themselves because there is too much to deal with. This means that there needs to be a filter, or something that’s going to let a busy urban resident reconnect with himself and really think about where he is in a public setting so that he can slow down and take in everything that’s around him/her so that he/she can feel comfortable and really engage with where
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he is. It is the state of being mindful. Mindfulness is being aware of your feelings, your body and the world. Mindfulness promotes being present, and not letting your mind wander off to the past or the future, for that will leave you being dissatisfied with the quality of your present life because you are absent (Mindfulness Practice Community of Vancouver). According to Charles Montgomery, an award winning urbanist and writer, what needs to be done is that we need to, “make people visible.” This does not only mean that we need to make other people visible, we need to also make ourselves visible so that others will also see us. According to Our Diverse Cities, a study done on the effects of multiculturalism in Winnipeg, in order for people to respect others, they need to respect and be confident in their own individual identity first. multiculturalism + diversity It is important to take into consideration that Vancouver is a “community of communities.” This is a very diverse cities, and research had to be done on it. “in group bonding is seen as detrimental, while cross-group social capital is seen as beneficial,” promoted by the city of winnipeg. They facilitate cross-group social interactions through the sharing of knowledge and innovative thinking in order to achieve a collective dialogue (Andrew, 17). They hold cultural festivals, a concept followed by many International Schools around the world - where every nation and country presented within the community gets a booth in a fair where food, music and art is shared. People also dress up in their national costumes and partake in a parade as a form of cultural display. Jean Augustine, a former Canadian government stated that a survey conducted by Focus Canada reveals that 82% of Canadian pride comes from it’s multiculturalism (Andrew, 16). The City of Winnipeg has been embracing multiculturalism and celebrating it. They use keywords such as, revitalization, richness,texture and celebration. They focus on “universal design” which is creating environments that fulfills the needs of everyone. This is achieved through creating barrier-free design, for example, what’s affective is to add on to an existing system and all of the urban designs (buildings, landscapes, policies, signage, transportation systems etc). Andy Scott, the Minister of State in Infrastructure states that there is a need for “facilities and services and installations needed for functioning of a community or society,” meaning that there needs to be something that helps facilitate the promotion of community (Scott, 30). Another thing that The City of Winnipeg did was created policies that were relevant to multiculturalism. “Recommendation 4: The city of Winnipeg act to recognize, support, and celebrate with diverse community celebrations, holidays and festivals.” They embraced every culture and share knowledge on the different festivals around the world. recreational fa l l process book
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services - and importantly decentralizing the decision-making process not from national
to provincial, but from government to citizen” (Murray, 2004). This is also a very important point for it is saying that as much as the city is responsible for maintaining an inclusive city, it’s also the resident’s job to help maintain that. architecture + urban designs According to Statistics Canada, about 80% of Canadians are living in cities. Therefore, the rise of housing to accommodate the increasing number of residents has been huge. The rise of apartment buildings started earlier in the 19th century in New York. These were low-income housing (without proper light, air and ventilation) known as tenements which was good enough for the workers to sleep (History, 2014). Ever since then, urban designers and architects have looked into what architectural forms are best for promoting social interactions. Andres Lepik, a curator for architectural exhibitions and writer stated that housing should not be, “... monofunctional containers in which inhabitants are isolated from one another. The lack of communal space, shopping facilities, and cultural offerings have been seen as a failure of the concept itself...” The book, New Architecture of Social Engagement reveals an example of a socially engaging architectural structure. The Housing for the Fishermen of Tyre project in Lebanon by Hashim Sarkis A.L.U.D aimed to promote a better sense of community by using vibrant colours, cheerful and harmonious to the climate to create a better ambience. The form of the building, was turned onto itself like a rectilinear nautilus, shaping in an enclosed space where an interior courtyard exists as a shared space for a social interactions (Lepik, 43-47). what is space? Henry Shaftoe, an architecture lecturer with a Master in Urban Design and Applied Social Studies talks about the necessity for shared, convivial public space. A convivial space is a space that puts out a friendly, joyful and lively atmosphere for anyone who walks through it. By definition, shared spaces allow opportunities for people to directly
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encounter other people with different cultures, behaviours and norms. “Without such convivial spaces, cities, towns and villages would be mere accretions of buildings with no deliberate opportunities for casual encounters and positive interaction between friends and strangers” (Shaftoe, 5). What’s being emphasized is that these spaces hold potential for a mixture of different people to come together and experience each others’ differences. While I find that this is an accurate critical assessment of shared space, what’s missing is although these spaces hold potential, they do not have catalysts or something that would drive people to go through and really think about the space that they are in. In the book, Leverage :strengthening neighborhoods through design by Beth Miller, Todd Woodward and Don Matzkin, a point was brought up to say that people don’t necessarily notice design. It’s easier for them either because they are unsure of how to use it or they don’t identify with it enough and don’t feel like making the extra effort, but if it were something that was easier to use and was more natural, they are more inclined to use it. Another thing that people naturally do right away besides walking is that whenever they see something, they read it. I will be looking at creating convivial spaces through the process of walking and reading (discussed later in the wayfinding section). physical vs invisible boundaries A major cause to social isolation is not only the physical boundaries that divide people in apartment buildings up, but also the invisible boundaries. The invisible lines drawn between the mixture of people coming into one space is inevitable. Although invisible, they are incredibly prominent. Spatialisation is a problem. However, “every boundary is a mental, more exactly, a sociological occurrence; however, by its investment in a border in space the mutual relationship acquires, from its positive and negative sides, a clarity and security - indeed also often a rigidit - that tends to remain denied to it…” (simmel, 2009: 552). The author refers to space as something that’s not concrete but more of a virtuality set up of relations that’s real but not actual. It’s something that’s been embedded into our every lives and aligns with everything’s that’s casual about our everyday experience. The book concludes that space must exist before social groups can exhibit in their disposition. space as a metaphor Space is a metaphor (Simmel, 2009:552). In the book, Spatial Questions, space is a referred to as a metaphor of predisposition and hidden deep linguistic structures. It is a metaphor that reveals people’s consciousness and unconscious values, making it the space of reality. Even if a space is set up, it has to be something that’s going to allow everyone to exhibit their own identity. It is something that has to get rid of all misconceptions or assumptions someone might have about someone else before entering the space. With that said, space not only defines the physical world, but also the world of ideas fa l l process book
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that people are about to experience. Space, then can be referred to as mental and physical.
the built environment (created space) The proper name for a built environment is an architectonic. An architectonic is a system of relationships. There are many things that go into the maintaining and the existence of one. They are the time and space relationships, the culture, the way people are navigated through the space and what already exists in correlation with what’s been built. It is believed that no human society exists without artifactually reordering its environment in order to create “sign-tokens” of visual communication, representation and expressions. As humans, it is natural for us to orchestrate anything at our disposal to communicate information. Be it verbal, artifacts, clothing or body language, we use anything that’s available to transform anything into a sign. These signs may be ambiguous and everyone might read it differently. It is important to consider how different people read different things with different insights and perspectives so what’s necessary is that when creating a space, we need to solve how to make sure the space is useable by everyone. “The ability of architectonic formations to contextualize non architectonic formations - as a result of the parameters of its media - does not mean that the built environment is a kind of passive stage-set for other semiotic behaviour” (Preziosi, An interesting concept was brought up by the book. Somatopic gesturing refers to body parts such as limbs or portions of the face that are employed in support of a verbal message. These are coordinated formations created by the parts of the body intended to communicate information in a manner that parallels the verbal message. They can also replace vocalization or verbal message completely. It is important to consider how people will navigate through the space. There may be changes in how people experience it depending on how they enter the space. “These changes will be induced by an ongoing shift in analytic orientation from the formal mechanisms of linguistics to the characteristics embeddedness of linguistic and signings in large-scale communicative events. Built environments may suggest certain “readings.” But they also allow the people to decode the “messages” inside out or upside down, nonlinearly or as a series of simultaneous embeddings. It may suggest “grammatical” procedure for its spatially-sequenced “unfolding” but humans enjoy the ability to choose how they want to read it. This is something to take into consideration when designing a space. “architectonic objects are normally composed of various sign-types such that the overall significance of the object comprises a complex set of divergent associations” (preziosi, 16). There are some signages that stand out, some that are irrelevant, some that are overbooked because of their redundancy. For example, someone may have a house with walls around it. That’s suggesting the need for their personal space. However, when they put up
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a sign that says, “No Trespassing,” it becomes redundant because it’s communicating the exact same thing. It is also making it much more dramatic. *Important: Reserach on the following topics is not finished and will continue. body language + simple abundance Most people walk around with a hunchback, or they are looking down at the ground or their phone, and their body gestures usually are very closed off while rushing to get to their desired destination. It is important to bring to light that a confident walk show you have a purpose and direction in life. One must fix their gaze straight ahead with their chin in line with the ground, back up straight and chest slightly out out. People should walk slowly with elongated strides with relaxed shoulders and more grace. By doing so, one is showing that they are in control and aware of the environment that they are in. This is taking away the way the rushed walking that some people do. It will also help because it’s physically better for you, you will remember to breathe and you will feel like you are soaking in everything good in your environment. While it may be cheesy, slogans and textual messages presented in urban settings can also be powerful. Urban typography is something that’s increasingly visible in cities these days. Whether it’s full on graffiti, little engraving in the cement or trees, signage, advertisements and even sidewalk poetry. These are little things that may be thought provoking and can cause you to stop and think a little bit about your life. It will remind you of what you might have forgotten. Taking from the book, Simple Abundance: A Daybook of Comfort and Joy by Sarah Ban Breathnach, “If you want your life to come together, you have to start treating yourself better,” or “Never forget that all you have is all that you need.” These are things that can help people become a little bit more optimistic when they are in a public setting and can definitely make a difference (Ban Breathnach). wayfinding According to the University of Michigan, wayfinding is “spatial problem solving.” Biesek Design, a wayfinding consultancy says that it is the art of using landmarks, pathways, signage and visual and environmental cues to help people navigate their way through a complex environment. It is how you get to know where you presently are to where you desire to be. EDG Experience Design group stated that wayfinding is not signage. Signage is a part of wayfinding. Wayfinding is everything from texture, colour, smell, graphics, nature or any visual cues you have that reminds trigger something you are familiar with. An American art historian, Donald Preziosi said, “i know where i am in the city by employing anything from certain consistent odors to minute changes in the patterns of pavement, not to speak of written signs.” fa l l process book
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These are examples of how people have their own sense of wayfinding.
Vancouver updated their Wayfinding system back in April 2014. They implemented 210 new map stands starting from September 2014. This was a part of their Transportation 2040 plan and they are trying to encourage people to walk from places to places more. They updated their wayfinding system in the sense that they added a higher level of detail including indication of obstacles, accessibility aids, a sense of time, better visual guides on best routes to specific destinations and amenities. The City of Vancouver worked with TransLink, the Downtown Vancouver business Improvement Association and Tourism Vancouver. 82% of the people who participated in the on street survey said that they would walk to places more if there were more signs that helped them navigate their way. exhibitions + public art The book, Museum and Communities: Politics of Public Culture, the authors bring up interesting points about how the creative innovation, and the sharing of creating work and mind in festivals and museums is a good way to bring people together. It is important to be “culturally authentic” and relevant to whatever community they specify with. It brings individuals who are uninvolved together and link them by a fragile social tie that aims to work together to celebrate their culture. The Vancouver Biennale is a non profit organization that exhibits art and work in public space, creating a catalyst for learning and creative sharing. They have an aim to bring people, local and international to come together and experience the shared public art. They present work in an open air exhibit with the hope to unexpectedly globally inspire cultural experiences where people lead their daily lives (live, play, work and travel). They believe they can bridge the social gaps between people of all ages, backgrounds and statuses through creating a liveable and inspired community (Vancouver Biennale). designing places for people + behaviour change One thing to consider when designing places for people is that you have to consider habits and learned habits (habitus). People may enter this space individually or with company, and depending on that their behaviours will always be different. When creating space for behaviour change, it is important to “create an institution or an environment that makes it possible for people to achieve their goals with a minimum of frustration and maximum of satisfaction” (Deasy, 16). It’s difficult to change behaviour and when that’s the aim of the project, it is critical consider that there needs to be an incentive or it needs to require minimal effort. “There are too many factors, other than our immediate surroundings, that affect our general well-being. All that is implied here is that, so far as the environment affect us, the positive, supportive aspects will be emphasized and the frustrating, negative aspects will be minimized” (Deasy, 16). The goal when trying to create a space is to enhance and enrich the experience of anyone who is walking through. It is also to filter everything else that’s taking us away from ourselves and really get people to acknowledge things about themselves in a public setting, and the positive energy and support is going to bring people out
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urban typography Typographic Matchmaking in a City is a book that investigates typography and how lettering and text is used in cities. With a focus on the Arab countries, The Typographic Matchmaking 1.0 Project was initiated by the Khatt Foundation in 2005 to address the need for bilingual typographic display. It was also to explore the different approach to typographic design and also adressing the larger role of type in contemporary culture. “As a textual system of signification, the written texts communicate meaning in various ways. They operate both as icons and as narratives.” A lot of the times, typography and textual expression is seen in the public space as form of propoganda; otherwise known as street politics. When script typography is involved, the message isn’t to be read as text but rather the meaning should derive from the aesthetic manifestation of the Arabic letterforms. fa l l process book
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III. EARLY DESIGN PROCESS ELEMENTS
persona no. 1 Yvonne is a full time student at the Emily Carr University of Art and Design. She lives in apartment downtown with her roommate. She is a well rounded girl, focuses on her studies and her future but also makes enough time to socialize and go out with her friends. Her weekday routine consist her walking on Davie St in order to catch her bus. Being a full time student with a full social calendar, she is always rushing from places to places, thus she is always running around and trying to catch the bus. She always has her music in when she is travelling around town. Being such a social person she is confsued by the fact that sometimes when she’s walking around downtown, she feels alone and almost vulnerable. That’s why she keeps her music in and keeps quiet whenever she is outside. This surprises her because she’s usually the loudest one in her group of friends, but in public she’s really shy and quiet. Being an all rounded person she likes to make new connections and feel comfortable enough in her own skin when she’s walking alone outside. Especially living downtown, she feels like she has to keep up a front to look a ceratin way so that she doesn’t get looked down upon. She
Yvonne Santiago | 21 | Student Sociable | Deidcated | Fast
also feels like she has to rush through the streets because she feels pressured to walk fast. She also has trouble with staying in the present, she’s always thinking about how much fun she had last week and what else she wants to do in the next week. She seems to never be prsent in the moment and seems to miss a lot of opportunities things that she likes. She would like to be able to have visual remindersin public that makes her feel more comfortable in a public setting. She would like to be able to ask people for help if she could, but she knows that it all has to start with figuring out how to make herself feel less intimidated on the streets.
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persona no. 2 Dylan is a young professional who works in a law firm in Yaletown. He lives in gastown and commutes to work pretty much by walking. Working a 9-5 job, he is always caught in the rush hour and the busy streets. He deals with dodging people while trying not to spill his coffee on a daily basis. There’s been a couple of time where he got into an incident where someone spilled coffee on him and received nothing but a rude remark afterwards. Being a calm person and polite person, Dylan is very respectful to everyone on the streets and he always makes the effort to smile at people on a nice day because he believes that that’s how people should be. He believes that it’s less work to just smile or talk to someone that to ignore them. He believes in the idea of an icebreaker because he knows that you can kill people with kindness. He’s always a happy and friendly guy, so when he sees people on the streets with a negative attitude and giving everyone the cold shoulders, he just wants to be able to tell that Dylan Walker | 29 | Lawyer Calm | Polite | Friendly
person to just calm down and relax. He believes that everyone gets so caught up in their everyday life so they disregard everything else that’s going on. He believes that there needs to be attention brought to the problem because he finds that even the people who live in his aparmtent building are cold, and that’s a problem because they all live in the same building. persona no. 3 Hyerin is on vacation from Parsons The New School for Design in Vancouver. She is staying in a hotel in Coal Habour and loves exploring the neighbourhoods for the archiecture and cool little findings. She is shy and has trouble asking people for help which is a problem because she has a horrible sense of direction. She enjoys walks and being really mindful so that she can take in everything around her. She enjoys strolling and really obseving everything around her as well as the people. She loves people watching because she feels like she learns so much from them. What she really needs is tools or things that encourages her and empower her to feel less shy in a public setting to talk to people and ask them for directions or for help. She feels that if she approaches someone that person might not talk back to her. She would also like tips on how she could possibly approach people without feeling scared. She would also like tools that guide her to find things about the city that’s less touristy because she wants to know more personal stuff about the area that she is exploring. She would like to be able to
Hyerin Kim | 19 | Student Shy | Mindful | Bad with Directions
leave her mark in the world somehow and feel like she’s contributing something to wherever she is because being such a mindful person, she realizes that so much is going on and there’s so many people in the world. Even if she could make someone else feel better,
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even if she doesn’t know who they are she would love to do that.
general function of deliverable The game contains multi-levels of complexities and will also be neighbourhood specific. This means there will be different levels of participation. The most basic level will be implemented into a couple of sidewalks on the blocks of a neighbourhood, where an urban dweller will naturally walk through a series of activities that allow them to feel more comfortable being in a public setting. The activities will utilize tools such as an indication of the space they’re in. For example, the date, the temperature and the exact location. There will also be activities that allow people to make their mark in a city, inspiring expressions that remind people of the the simple everyday comfort. Illustrations or diagrams of body language will also act as suggestive tips on how to walk and feel comfortable with yourself and where you are. There will also be interactive information display that shows culturally relevant information and educate people on the existing problem of urban isolation. The most basic level of the game involves any pedestrian walking through the created space filled with the activities. When someone has walked through the created space on the sidewalks and feel they want to take more initiative, they are able to look up the movement/game online and download an app on their phone that allows them to have increased participation in the game. The second level will exist in the little parks and intersections of the neighbourhoods, where there will exist more complexed installations, wayfinding system and information display that causes people to think deeper about the existing issue. This second level is only achieved when a pedestrian has walked through the created space on the sidewalks enough that they feel encouraged and curious to know more and take initiative in becoming part of the movement and to participate in creating a more engaged city. What will draw people to go to the second level of complexity is that the created space on the sidewalk will contain condensed information on a particular topic, but they can only learn more if they were to start walking through the parks because that’s where there will be more information. What’s happening here is that it’s not only starting a walking movement, but also causing people to look up the project online and see the suggested walking routes which will help lead them through the levels of complexities of the game. This encourages urban exploration, so that people have a purpose to move out of their comfort zone and start to realize things that they might have not before. Within the scope of this project, I’m investigating how I can use wayfinding as a form of behaviour change. These wayfinding systems will be a part of the game and created space, but also not only direct people to physical spaces, but also mental spaces so that people think more deeply about where they are and how they are acting. These may include visual
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stimulants, visual cues and thought provoking graphics which may allow people to be more reflective of themselves, and become more mindful of the environment. These will also act as the tools that lead people from the first basic level of the game to the more complicated level. In terms of interactive information display, this will only work when you walk through the space and take initiative to change some sort of information on the display. Whether it’s changing the date, setting the temperature for the day or putting out a message to other people who are walking through the space with a hope that someone else might benefit from it. For example, a simple saying such as, “It’s only 10 minutes of your life, try to overcome your fear and nerve by deciding to enjoy those 10 minutes as much as possible.” This might be something that someone put up because they have a big presentation for ten minutes, and someone else who walk by might feel better from reading those words of encouragement. Every Time someone takes an initiative to do something like that, they can document it on the app on their phone. Since the information displays are neighbourhood specific, there might also be information that’s relevant to the exact location of the created space. This will then allow people to feel more connected to where they are and also create a more resilient city. The app on people’s phone will also act as a record keeper so they can collect various information so that they can access it later.
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1st level of complexity this is the game design that’s simple and on the streets that people walk by
2nd level of complexity this is the second level where the participant will choose to look for. these are more complicated and take place in the park, which also acts as a gathering spot.
app component: what the participants might use to find out where the bigger locations are in order for them to have access to suggested routes and find out where to explore.
visual research: the grid Taking a look at the urban grid, it is evident that it provides urban planners with a sense of organization. But at the same time, the dividing lines also bring forth an interesting metaphor. Instead of it providing a sense of organization, it divides things up into compartments. The grid is also visible on the apartment buildings; dividing up the little rooms that the residents have to live in. Some window also mimic the grid shape. The grid is also reflected in the cubicles that people work in. A problem that arises from this was brought up by John Thackar, in his book, In the Bubble is that human beings work within their own bubble and professions, they don’t interact enough with other people from different fields and therefore there is a disconnect and misunderstanding in what each others’ goals and needs are. All of these visual elements are mirrored in the we work and live. My plan for this visual research part would be to see what I can do with the grid. I would like to explore this visual element and see if I can abstract it, or find something relevant to typography that will translate well onto the grid. It would be interesting to explore the concept of a “flexible grid,” which would involve opening up the way it is already structured. fa l l process book
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visual research: street signage I’ve started looking at street signages that are much smaller scale that than of the directional signage for cars, or restaurants. I looked at ones that are on the ground, eye level and ones that people can see from up close. The different signs I found were either advertisements, campaign/awareness issues and signage that’s concerning safety (the photo on the top right) with the orange diamond with an infrastructural icon.The orange colour is eye-catching and creates a sense of alert and emergency. I started doing some sketches of what the walking exhibition would look like. There was experimentation on the different levels of signages and whether or not they would be interactive or not. I also started looking at the possibilities of putting things on the floor. The rainbow crosswalk as seen in the photo above serves the same purpose as a normal crosswalk, but looks much more inviting. It is also culturally relevant to its location, for Davie Street is the street for the Gay Pride Scene in Vancouver. This allows people to feel safer because they feel that there is support under their feet. I then took that idea and started playing with the idea of urban typography - and investigated what kidn of message I could put there to hae the most effect. fa l l process book
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IIII. FINAL DESIGN MOCKUPS
mock up of basic level of game This is a mockup of the space/exhibit design that will be a implemented on the sidewalks of downtown Vancouver. What’s presented here are the activities, installation and wayfinding on the sides of the sidewalks so that people can see or interact with them as they are entering the space. By the time they are done with the block they will hopefully have learned something. I played with different types of signage and different set-ups. fa l l process book
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mock up of second level of game This space design will be implemented in a park in the neighbourhood. It contains a bigger exhibit design. The information dislay and directive way signage are much bigger here. There may also be implementation of chairs to show that this is a space of congregation. The people who come here are either people who walk through the space or people who have taken initiative to come find out more about the project after having walked through the space on the sidewalks.
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iv. conclusions
january
february
march
april
primary research research analysis gather content decide on aesthetic design over all system design game level 1 design game level 2: info display finish wayfinding develop app/website prepare presentation
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CONCLUSION The project has shifted many times this term. I was finally able to narrow it down to where I can intervene and do something that could be useful. The focus has shifted and that’s why the process book is a bit lengthy because I have to keep doing research. First thing next semester is that I am going to start my primary research right away. I will also start designing and gathering content.
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v. appendices
PANEL ON RESEARCH ETHICS
TCPS 2: CORE
Navigating the ethics of human research
Certificate of Completion This document certifies that
Chayarop Imnamkhao has completed the Tri-Council Policy Statement: Ethical Conduct for Research Involving Humans Course on Research Ethics (TCPS 2: CORE) Date of Issue:
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15 March, 2012
Office of Director of Research
EMILY CARR UNIVERSITY RESEARCH ETHICS BOARD (ECU-REB)
FORM 205.2 Student Research Ethics Application This application form is used in courses that are approved for participant research. The instructing Faculty Member has completed a Form 205 Course-Based Research Ethics Application and has approval to review and supervise student research. This form can also be used for student research in courses that have not been approved for participant research. In this case, students will complete this form that will be submitted under the supervision of the instructing Faculty Member for review to the Research Ethics mailbox or to ethics@ecuad.ca. If more space is required to answer the questions, attach a document with the long answers labeled to correspond to the questions on the form. (ECU-REB Use Only) ►
File #: Date Reviewed:
Date Received: Reviewers: Status/Date:
SECTION A – GENERAL INFORMATION A1. PROJECT TITLE: A2. PROJECT DATES: (Commencement to Completion)
Creating People Friendly Cities October 2014 - March 2015
A3. COURSE NAME & MNEMONIC:
DESN410/420 2D Core Design Studio
A4. RESEARCHERS: Principal Investigator (Instructing Faculty Member)
Name
Principal Student Researchers
Faculty/Progrm
Katherine Gillieson
DESN
Chayarop Imnamkhao
Communication Design
Phone
6,048,443,800 kgillieson@ecuad.ca 7,789,976,711
cimnamkhao@ecuad.ca
Other Student Researchers
7,789,976,711 A5. PARTNERS:
List the organizations or companies that will be involved in this research project. Include any agreements that are available.
Name of Contact Person for Partner Organization -
Partner Organization (name and address) -
- The checked items correspond with INSTRUCTIONS FOR THE INSTRUCTING FACULTY MEMBER regarding the review and
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approval of risk (page 7-8).
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SECTION B – SUMMARY OF PROPOSED RESEARCH
B1. RATIONALE Briefly describe the purpose and aims of the proposed research project in non-technical language.
With urbanization (packed cities) and high level of diversity, people find the need to maintain their own sense of personal space and individual identity - causing people to keep to themselves and stick to those that they know are similar to them (in order to maintain a sense of safety). This results in a less cohesive society and a weaker social fabric. The purpose of the research is to investigate how to utilize diversity (knowledge in culture), wayfinding systems, space design and body language to help bring the safety of the private home comfort to the public space. The project looks to create awareness and an experience that helps everyone to feel more empowered and comfortable to start interacting with one another to lessen the invisible barriers, and strengthen the social fabric.
B2. METHODOLOGY: Check all that apply and describe sequentially how the various research procedures or methods will be used.
Check all that apply ✔ Questionnaire/survey (mail, email/web)
Questionnaire/survey (in person) Interview(s) (telephone, skype) ✔ Interview(s) (in person) Secondary Data Computer administered tasks Ethnographic documentation Observational field notes Oral history Focus Groups Journals/diaries/personal correspondence Photo/audio/video recording Unobtrusive observations Non-invasive physical measurement ✔
Participatory design (probes, co-creation
activities, storytelling)
Describe -
a. To open an online survey to gather information from a wider range of people from all over the world that can be done at the participants' own time. b. To gather information that may be personal and hear people's perspectives and stories. To obtain specific unique qualities of different cultures that can be displayed in a visually engaging way. c. Through co-creation activities, I want to gain raw data that I can analyze and use for furthering my project. To find out information and insights in ways that explain and reveal more than just a normal interview.
Other - The checked items correspond with INSTRUCTIONS FOR THE INSTRUCTING FACULTY MEMBER regarding the review and approval of risk (page 7-8).
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B3.PARTICIPANTS: Indicate the groups that will be targeted in recruitment for participation in the proposed research.
Check all that apply Undergraduate students of Emily Carr University Graduate students of Emily Carr University Faculty or staff of Emily Carr University The industry partners’ employees or associates
Describe any specific inclusion criteria (affiliations, gender, age ranges, capacity for consent, other) -
a. I will be focusing on adults in Vancouver - with the age range of 19-35.
Patients of a health care organization Students of another educational institution (specify) Members of specific groups or organizations (specify) People who identify as Aboriginal People who do not have full capacity to offer free and informed consent (describe) Children or adolescents (specify) ✔
Adults
Elders Other (specify)
Describe any exclusion criteria –
What is the expected number of participants?
Anyone that may be out of the specified age range and anyone younger than the age of 19.
Interviews: 5 People Co-Creation Event: 15 People
B4. RECRUITMENT & INCENTIVES:
Describe how the participants will be recruited. Attach any materials that might be used for recruitment (eg. Email texts, posters, flyers, advertisements, letters, telephone scripts). Describe the rationale for incentives offered to the participants –
Recruitment will be done through emails, texts and telephone calls. I may also potentially use social media as means of communication to ask for participatory input and research. Most participants will also be gathered through casual conversation and dialogue (facilitated naturally in various ways in order to find out what makes it easier for people to start conversations).
B5. SETTINGS OF RESEARCH:
Check all that apply Emily Carr University Community Site ✔ School Hospital Company Other
✔
Specify the exact locations -
a. Emily Carr Design studio, cafeteria, library b. UBC Campus (libraries, Student Union Building), SFU Campus, Vancouver Public Library
- The checked items correspond with INSTRUCTIONS FOR THE INSTRUCTING FACULTY MEMBER regarding the review and
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EMILY CARR UNIVERSITY RESEARCH ETHICS BOARD (ECU-REB) B6. FEEDBACK TO PARTICIPANTS:
Describe your plans for providing or offering to share the results of your research with the participants. This might include invitations to final presentations or exhibitions or copies of publications –
a. I will be inviting my participants to my final presentation and shows as well as any other social experiments facilitated in various public spaces. b. Some may receive copies of small deliverables at the end to keep the movement alive.
SECTION C – PROPOSED RISK / BENEFIT RATIO C1. BENEFITS TO PARTICIPANTS:
Describe any known or anticipated direct or indirect benefits that the participants might gain from their participation in the research activities. This description should match the description on the invitations or consent materials –
a. Participants will learn from the experience through the sharing of knowledge in culture, the knowledge of the city we live in and get to relax and use their creativity skills. b. Participants will be able to think deeper about themselves, their culture, their body language and be more aware of who they are in a public setting. c. Participants will feel more open and at ease should they ever be in a situation where they are to communicate or engage with other people from other backgrounds and cultures. C2. BENEFITS TO SOCIETY:
Describe any known or anticipated direct or indirect benefits to the research community or society from the proposed research. This description should match the description on the invitations or consent materials – a. Society could potentially benefit from this by working towards a more inclusive and accepting city, where the invisible boundaries between communities start to be less prominent. People may start to feel more comfortable and relaxed in public setting. b. Society could potentially have a system, space or some sort of design that promotes interaction and brings a more diverse community together. c. The research could benefit society because they might be able to get a clearer insight on what kind of activities or factor help promote and facilitate more natural social interactions.
C3. RISKS: Indicate any risks that are likely to happen to the participants as a result of the research. Describe if the risks identified are greater or less than the risks that the participants might encounter in similar activities in their everyday lives.
Check any that apply -
Describe –
Physical risks
N/A
Psychological or emotional risks Social risks (including privacy issues, economic position, status, relations with others) The research involves an element of deception (describe in detail) The research involves the disclosure of information that is intimate or sensitive in nature Other (describe)
- The checked items correspond with INSTRUCTIONS FOR THE INSTRUCTING FACULTY MEMBER regarding the review and approval of risk (page 7-8).
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C4. MITIGATING THE RISKS:
Describe how the researchers will mitigate the risks described above. Describe the resources that can be offered to the participants. Are the researchers are skilled and equipped to deal with the identified risks? – a. I have lived in four different countries and attended International Schools my whole life, where interacting with people from more than 10 nationalities on a daily basis is common - I feel I have sufficient knowledge and experience to talk to everyone in an appropriate manner. I am accepting and understanding and always willing to hear where everyone is coming from. b. I can refer anyone to the International Student office at either Emily Carr or any other educational institutions. I can also refer people to various embassies or language teaching schools and since I know people from a lot of countries - I can refer them to other people that may be from the same place as they are. c. Overseeing supervisors and professors at Emily Carr will also have experience when it comes to dealing with people from different backgrounds and cultures. d. To make things less severe, I will have leading questions and design elements and methods of facilitation that will make the conversation more open and fun rather than serious and strict. It has to be natural and I will not touch on any topics may cost sever conflict of interests. If at any point they feel uncomfortable, I will always let them know that they are welcomed to end the participatory research sessions.
SECTION D – THE CONSENT PROCESS
D1. CONSENT PROCESSES: Indicate and describe the consent materials and processes that will be used. The Template 201.1 Invitation / Consent Form, the Template 201.2 Media Release Form, and the Template 201.3 Online Survey Preamble can be modified to match the needs of the research. If other consent or release forms are used, explain in detail.
Check all that apply Information letter with a consent form Media release form Combined invitation and consent form ✔ Combined invitation, consent and media release form
Assent processes for those who do not have the capacity to provide free and informed consent. Non-written consent (describe in detail) This research requires an exemption from the consent process (describe in detail)
Describe –
The participants will be told that at any point they are free to choose to stop the research session. They will be briefed on the consent forms on the research and content being done, as well as media release forms concerning any photographs, videos and audio recordings that may be conducted. They will be aware of all of the terms and conditions that they are agreeing to. These forms are attached.
- The checked items correspond with INSTRUCTIONS FOR THE INSTRUCTING FACULTY MEMBER regarding the review and
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EMILY CARR UNIVERSITY RESEARCH ETHICS BOARD (ECU-REB) SECTION E – CONFIDENTIALITY & SECURITY
E1. PRIVACY: Indicate the level of confidentiality built into the research design. Describe the rationale for the collection of identifiable research materials (data).
Check all that apply -
Describe -
Directly identifiable – the research materials (data) will identify specific participants through direct identifiers like name, phone number, address, social services numbers. (Describe)
Direct and full identities are removed from the results of each participants' data.
Indirectly identifiable - the research materials (data) can reasonably be expected to identify specific participants through a combination of indirect identifiers like place of residence and date of birth. (Describe) Coded – direct identifiers are removed from the research materials (data) and replaced by a code. There exists a possibility that with access to the code, it may be possible to re-identify the participant.
✔
Anonymized – the research materials (data) are irrevocably stripped of direct identifiers. There is no way to link a code to the data in the future. Anonymous – the research materials (data) never has identifiers associated with it (for example, anonymous surveys) and the risk of identification is very low. E2. STORAGE AND HANDLING DURING RESEARCH:
If identifiable research materials (data) will be collected, describe in detail how these materials will be stored and handled during the course of research –
All research materials will be kept in a locked and secured locker at the Emily Carr University of Art and Design.
E3. STORAGE AND ACCESS AFTER THE CONCLUSION OF RESEARCH:
Research data and confidential materials will be submitted to the instructing Faculty Member at the conclusion of the project, for secure storage at Emily Carr University. If the researchers require that the data or confidential materials be stored or shared outside of the university following the conclusion of the research, describe these plans in detail –
All research materials should stay within the standard Emily Carr research safekeeping policy. They will stay with Emily Carr - no plans for them after conclusion of the project.
- The checked items correspond with INSTRUCTIONS FOR THE INSTRUCTING FACULTY MEMBER regarding the review and approval of risk (page 7-8).
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E4. WITHDRAWAL:
Describe if there are any restrictions to the participants’ right to fully withdraw their participation and data during the course or after the conclusion of the research activities –
There will be no restrictions to the participants' right to fully withdraw their participation from the research activities or conclusions.
INSTRUCTIONS FOR ALL APPLICANTS (Students and Instructing Faculty Members) – If the student participant research extends into a subsequent course, the student is required to maintain the confidential materials generated from the research in the first course during the transition to the second course. Confidential materials must be securely stored in a locked location on the university premises. In the second course, the student is required to re-submit their approved research ethics application to the new instructing Faculty Member. The new instructing Faculty Member must ensure that the new course has ECU-REB approval before the participant research activities can resume. Serious adverse events (unanticipated negative consequences or results affecting participants) of research must be reported to the ECU-REB ethics@ecuad.ca as soon as possible.
INSTRUCTIONS FOR THE INSTRUCTING FACULTY MEMBER – Your approval to review student participant research activities extends only to research activities that pose no more than minimal risk to the participants. The check marks () in this form indicate areas where the risks to the participants might exceed minimal risk. Instructing Faculty Members are advised to review these sections with care. If the proposed activities exceed these parameters of minimal risk, they can ask the student to revise their proposed research to ensure that the research does not exceed minimal risk, or they can involve the ECU-REB in a review of the proposed activities that exceed minimal risk. When a number or all student applications in a course reflect similar risks (for example, they all involve external partnerships or they all involve off-site research locations), the instructing Faculty Member is invited to list the details of the potential risks and the mitigation strategies in a descriptive document, or to submit a student application that serves as a template for all of the similar applications. Mid-semester ECU-REB review meetings have been booked to review research projects that are identified after the start of fall and spring semesters. Note the dates and deadlines here - http://www.ecuad.ca/research/reb/when Instructing Faculty Members are invited to request additional input from the ECU-REB in reviewing student applications at any time. First time instructors of participant research are expected to attend the ECU-REB Information Session and Application Clinic prior to making their first application. In-class workshops on research ethics are available on request – ethics@ecuad.ca .
- The checked items correspond with INSTRUCTIONS FOR THE INSTRUCTING FACULTY MEMBER regarding the review and
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EMILY CARR UNIVERSITY RESEARCH ETHICS BOARD (ECU-REB) INSTRUCTIONS FOR THE INSTRUCTING FACULTY MEMBER (continued) – The following list describes the parameters of risks currently identified by the ECU-REB as less than minimal risk. These are meant to be guidelines to assist your review of the proposed student research activities. For clarification and assistance, contact ethics@ecuad.ca . Section A4. Partners Section B1. Rational AIM OF RESEARCH - The sole aim for the research activities is pedagogical in nature. In other words, there are no additional expectations from external partners or from independent researchers. Section A4. Partners Section B1. Rationale Section D1. Consent Section B3. Participants
Section B3. Participants Section D1. Consent Section B5. Settings of Research
Section A4. Partners Section B1. Rationale Section C3. Risks Section C3. Risks
DISCLOSURE - There is full disclosure to the participants of the research the aims and expectations of the researchers. This includes the aims and expectations of partners. There is no deception involved. (For example, participants are not unexpectedly recorded without their awareness and prior consent.) VULNERABLE GROUPS - The research does not directly target or have an impact upon vulnerable or isolated groups or communities. (For example, First Nations communities, religious groups, or those for whom the research poses legal or economic consequences.) CAPACITY FOR CONSENT - The participants are capable of giving full and informed consent. In other words, they are adults of full capacity. RESEARCH SETTINGS - The research takes place on the premises of Emily Carr University. No other REBs need to review this research. THERAPEUTIC INTERVENTIONS - The research does not involve therapeutic interventions.
MINIMAL RISK - The probability and magnitude of possible harms (physical, psychological/emotional, social) to the participants during the proposed research activities is no greater than those encountered by the participants during the activities of their everyday life that relate to the research.
DECLARATION FOR ALL APPLICANTS I will ensure that all participant research activities that are administered in this course will meet these Emily Carr University standards and any other legislation or professional codes of conduct that may apply. I have read the Emily Carr University Policy and Procedures 5.1 – 5. 2.1. I have completed the TCPS2: CORE (Course on Research Ethics). I will inform the instructing Faculty Member of changes to participant research or any incidents relating to the participant research covered by this application in a timely manner. At the completion of the course-based participant research, I will submit the following documents to the ECU-REB office for secure storage: Signed FORM 205.4 Completion of Student Research; TCPS2:CORE certificates from the researchers; All of the signed consent forms and release forms; Any data that requires 5-year storage (or a statement indicating its secure location at the university); Any other pertinent documents or descriptions of changes to the original application, including any occurrences of adverse effects. Signature (Student Applicant)
Date
Signature (Faculty Member)
Date
- The checked items correspond with INSTRUCTIONS FOR THE INSTRUCTING FACULTY MEMBER regarding the review and approval of risk (page 7-8).
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EMILY CARR UNIVERSITY RESEARCH ETHICS BOARD (ECU-REB)
FOR INSTRUCTING FACULTY MEMBER USE (Optional) Date Application Received:
Date(s) Reviewed:
Revisions Required:
Approval Date: Faculty Member Signature:
 - The checked items correspond with INSTRUCTIONS FOR THE INSTRUCTING FACULTY MEMBER regarding the review and
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approval of risk (page 7-8).
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ECU-‐REB DRAFT – 2012/02/29
Office of Research & Industry Liaison
EMILY CARR UNIVERSITY RESEARCH ETHICS BOARD (ECU-REB) Photo/Digital Image/Video/DVR/Audio/Digital Audio Recording RELEASE AGREEMENT Date:
Wednesday, October 1, 14
Project Title:
Creating People Friendly Cities
Principal Investigator:
Other Researchers:
Katherine Gillieson
Chayarop Imnamkhao
Professor/Supervisor
Communication Design Student
Faculty of Design and Dynamic Media
Emily Carr University of Art and Design
Emily Carr University of Art and Design
+1778-997-6711
+604-844-3800
cimnamkhao@ecuad.ca
kgillieson@ecuad.ca
PROJECT DESCRIPTION With urbanization (packed cities) and high level of diversity, people find the need to maintain their own sense of personal space and individual identity - causing people to keep to themselves and stick to those that they know are similar to them (in order to maintain a sense of safety). This results in a less cohesive society and a weaker social fabric. The purpose of the research is to investigate how to utilize diversity (knowledge in culture), wayfinding systems, space design and body language to help bring the safety of the private home comfort to the public space. The project looks to create awareness and an experience that helps everyone to feel more empowered and comfortable to start interacting with one another to lessen the invisible barriers, and strengthen the social fabric. CONTACT INFORMATION AND ETHICS CLEARANCE If you have any questions about this study or require further information, please contact Chayarop Imnamkhao or Katherine Gillieson, using the contact information provided above. This study has been reviewed and received ethics clearance through the Research Ethics Board at the Emily Carr University of Art and Design [insert ECU-REB# and date of full approval]. If you have any comments or concerns, please contact REB Assistant, Lois Klassen at ethics@ecuad.ca .
Page 1 of 3
This form DOES NOT include the provision for Assent and Consent of participants who are minors or who are under legal guardianship. A TEMPLATE Release Provision for Minors or Others Under Guardianship is available for this purpose from the ECU-REB.
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ECU-‐REB DRAFT – 2012/02/29
Office of Research & Industry Liaison
EMILY CARR UNIVERSITY RESEARCH ETHICS BOARD (ECU-REB) RELEASE STATEMENT In signing this release it is my understanding that the material is to be used solely for educational purposes and that the major outcome will be public critique of the final project. The critique will involve members of the University community as well as various communities and oragnizastionsin Vancouver. I understand the risks and contributions of my participation in this project and agree to participate. I agree to allow use of images, clips of video footage and/or audio clips for documentation and display of the project results as identified below. Please check all that apply: ANONIMITY Yes, I consent to the inclusion of my identity (name) in all documentation and publications No, I do not consent to the inclusion of my identity (name) in all documentation and publications. I choose to remain anonymous. DIRECT QUOTATIONS Yes, I consent to being quoted in all documentation and publications No, I do not consent to being quoted in the documentation and publications IMAGES AND RECORDINGS OF ME OR OF MY PROPERTY Yes, I consent to the use of digital images (photos or video) or audio recordings taken during the research user trials to be used for research and publication purposes. No, I do not consent to the digital images (photos or videos) or audio recordings taken during the research user trials to be used for research and publication purposes. Yes, I consent to my photo being published in any of the final publications No, I do not consent to my photo being published in any of the final publications Yes, I consent to my photo being converted to a line drawing, with all personal identifiers removed, as seen in the example provided below. No, I do not consent to my photo being converted to a line drawing, with all personal identifiers removed, as seen in the example provided below. I will indemnify and hold the student, and the University, and its employees safe and harmless against any legal prosecution or suit arising from or prompted by the use of all or any portion of the material in which I am quoted or appear. Page 2 of 3
This form DOES NOT include the provision for Assent and Consent of participants who are minors or who are under legal guardianship. A TEMPLATE Release Provision for Minors or Others Under Guardianship is available for this purpose from the ECU-REB.
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ECU-‐REB DRAFT – 2012/02/29
Office of Research & Industry Liaison
EMILY CARR UNIVERSITY RESEARCH ETHICS BOARD (ECU-REB)
I am signing this release freely and voluntarily and in executing this release do not rely on any inducements, promises or representations made by said student or Emily Carr University of Art and Design. Name:_____________________________________________Date:_______________________________ Signature:_____________________________________________________________________________ Witness Name:______________________________________Date:_______________________________ Signature:_____________________________________________________________________________
Thank you for your assistance in this project.
Page 3 of 3
This form DOES NOT include the provision for Assent and Consent of participants who are minors or who are under legal guardianship. A TEMPLATE Release Provision for Minors or Others Under Guardianship is available for this purpose from the ECU-REB.
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Office of Director of Research
EMILY CARR UNIVERSITY RESEARCH ETHICS BOARD (ECU-REB) Research Invitation & Consent Form Date:
Wednesday, October 1, 14
Project Title:
Creating People Friendly Cities
Principal Investigator:
Other Researchers:
Katherine Gillieson
Chayarop Imnamkhao
Professor/Supervisor
Communication Design Student
Faculty of Design and Dynamic Media
Emily Carr University of Art and Design
Emily Carr University of Art and Design
+1778-997-6711
+604-844-3800
cimnamkhao@ecuad.ca
kgillieson@ecuad.ca INVITATION You are invited to participate in a research study. With urbanization (packed cities) and high level of diversity, people find the need to maintain their own sense of personal space and individual identity - causing people to keep to themselves and stick to those that they know are similar to them (in order to maintain a sense of safety). This results in a less cohesive society and a weaker social fabric. The purpose of the research is to investigate how to utilize diversity (knowledge in culture), wayfinding systems, space design and body language to help bring the safety of the private home comfort to the public space. The project looks to create awareness and an experience that helps everyone to feel more empowered and comfortable to start interacting with one another to lessen the invisible barriers, and strengthen the social fabric. WHAT’S INVOLVED As a participant, you will be asked to take part in co-creation sessions which will involve a range of activities including brainstorming, moodboard making, questionnaires as well as open discussions and interviews which may involve pulling from your past experiences and knowledge. Participation will take approximately 30-45 minutes at the Emily Carr University of Art and Design in the Communication Design studio. All resources and materials required will be provided. POTENTIAL BENEFITS AND RISKS Possible benefits of participation in this research include a collaborating learning process. All participants will get a chance to connect with themselves more, think more about the culture that is relevant to them as well as get the chance to share their knowledge of their culture while also learning about other people’s culture. This could potentially allow you
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Office of Director of Research
EMILY CARR UNIVERSITY RESEARCH ETHICS BOARD (ECU-REB) to be more comfortable with interacting with a more diverse group of people. There also may be risks associated with participation in terms of content that will be shared and discuss. The facilitator agrees to do their best to naturally facilitate the conversation and activities in an appropriate manner without saying anything that may be offensive of politically incorrect to anyone. The facilitator also agrees to maintain an inclusive culture during the whole research process, ensuring that no one is left out and everyone is comfortable with sharing and participating. There are no physical risks to the research. VOLUNTARY PARTICIPATION Participation in this study is voluntary. The researchers aim to provide information for you about what to expect at all stages of the research. If you wish, you may decline to answer any questions or decline to participate in any component of the research. Further, you may decide to withdraw at any time, or to request the withdrawal of your contributions to the data. You may do so without any penalty or loss of benefits to which you were entitled to receive prior to the start of the research. PUBLICATION OF RESULTS Results of this study may be published in student theses papers, reports and presentations. In any publication, data will be presented in aggregate forms. Quotations from interviews or surveys will not be attributed to you without your permission. Images or recordings of you or your property will not be published without your permission (see the attached media release agreement). You will be able to access the results of the study by contacting the principal investigator or the supervisor with the provided contact information above. Participants are invited (invitations sent out later) to attend the final presentation and the show at the end of the research process. If participants choose to be notified for any published results, they are to let the principal investigator know and leave any contact information they feel comfortable with leaving. CONTACT INFORMATION AND ETHICS CLEARANCE If you have any questions about this research, you are invited to contact the Principal Investigator using the contact information provided above. This study has received ethics clearance through the Emily Carr University Research Ethics Board [insert ECU-REB # and date of full approval]. If you have any comments or concerns about ethical issues in the research, you are invited to contact Lois Klassen, REB Coordinator, at ethics@ecuad.ca or (604) 844-3800 ext 2848.
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Office of Director of Research
EMILY CARR UNIVERSITY RESEARCH ETHICS BOARD (ECU-REB) CONFIDENTIALITY All of the information that you provide to this study is considered to be confidential. It will be grouped with responses from other participants in an “aggregate data set�. During the course of this research the research team will only retain your name and contact information for the purpose of contacting you. Your name and contact information will not be linked to the aggregate data set. During the course of the research and for 5 years following the conclusion of this study, the confidential materials (your name, contact information, and any identifiable data) will be securely stored on the university premises. These materials will only be accessible to the researchers listed above. Unless another agreement is made with you, the confidential materials will be destroyed in a secure manner after 5 years. Only the non-identifiable aggregate data set will be circulated to the partners, sponsors, or used in publications. Due to the nature of this research, it may be useful for the researchers to collect recordings (video or audio), photographs, and quotations of you or concerning your property. The release to the researchers of your identity or property in recordings or published quotations is a choice that you can make separate from your participation in this study. Identifiable materials like recordings, photos or quotations will be securely handled and stored, in the same way as the confidential materials described above. No identifiable materials will be included in the circulation of the research results without your agreement. A separate Media Release Agreement describes this request. CONSENT AGREEMENT I agree to participate in this research that is described above. I have made this decision based on the information I have discussed, read here as well as other consent forms and emails that have been exchanged. I have had the opportunity to get more information about the research from the researchers. I understand that I may ask questions at any time. I understand that my participation is voluntary, and that I may withdraw this consent at any time by contacting any of the people listed on this form. Name: ________________________________________________________________________
Signature: __________________________________________Date: _______________________ Thank you for your assistance in this project.
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ECU-‐REB DRAFT – 2012/02/29 Office of Research & Industry Liaison
EMILY CARR UNIVERSITY RESEARCH ETHICS BOARD (ECU-REB)
Informed Consent for On-Line Surveys Date:
Wednesday, October 1, 14
Project Title:
Creating People Friendly Cities
Principal Investigator:
Other Researchers:
Katherine Gillieson
Chayarop Imnamkhao
Professor/Supervisor
Communication Design Student
Faculty of Design and Dynamic Media
Emily Carr University of Art and Design
Emily Carr University of Art and Design
+1778-997-6711
+604-844-3800
cimnamkhao@ecuad.ca
kgillieson@ecuad.ca
INVITATION & PROJECT DESCRIPTION With urbanization (packed cities) and high level of diversity, people find the need to maintain their own sense of personal space and individual identity - causing people to keep to themselves and stick to those that they know are similar to them (in order to maintain a sense of safety). This results in a less cohesive society and a weaker social fabric. The purpose of the research is to investigate how to utilize diversity (knowledge in culture), wayfinding systems, space design and body language to help bring the safety of the private home comfort to the public space. The project looks to create awareness and an experience that helps everyone to feel more empowered and comfortable to start interacting with one another to lessen the invisible barriers, and strengthen the social fabric. WHAT’S INVOLVED This survey consists of 15 questions and is expected to take no longer than 25 minutes. RELEASE STATEMENT Your participation in this on-line survey is voluntary and you may choose to answer as many questions as you wish, or stop at any time. By answering the questions in the survey, you are agreeing to participate. There will be no negative consequences if you choose not to complete the survey. The survey asks for no direct identifiers and all the data collected will be kept confidential. The information that you provide will be summarized, in an anonymous format. It is possible, though unlikely that you may be identifiable through the information that you provide. Raw data collected in this survey will be kept in secure storage at Emily Carr University for five years following the conclusion of this study, after which time it will be destroyed.
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ECU-‐REB DRAFT – 2012/02/29 Office of Research & Industry Liaison
EMILY CARR UNIVERSITY RESEARCH ETHICS BOARD (ECU-REB)
SURVEY RESULTS Results of this study may be published in student theses papers, presentations and other design deliverables such as infographics or publications. In any publication, the data will be presented in aggregate forms. Study results will be available by contacting the principal researcher, Chayarop Imnamkhao or supervisor and professor, Katherine Gillieson by the contact information provided above. If participants feel that they want to be notified when any information gets published, they are to let the researcher know and provide any necessary contact details. This survey has been approved by the Emily Carr University Research Ethics Board [insert ECU-REB# here] as of [insert date of full ECU-REB approval here].
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VI. BIBLIOGRAPHY
works cited AbiFares, Huda Smitshuijzen, ed. Typographic Matchmaking in the City. N.p.: Khatt, 2010. Print. Ban Breathnach, Sarah. Simple Abundance: A Daybook of Comfort of Joy. N.p.: Grand Central, 2009. Print. Budden, Nick. “Confident Body Language.” Go Body Language. N.p., n.d. Web. 23 Oct. 2014. Deasy, C. M., and Thomas E. Laswell. Designing Places for People: “A Handbook on Human Behavior for Architects, Designers and Facility Managers.” N.p.: Wastson-Guptill, 1990. Print. Fares, Abi. Typographic Matchmaking in the City. 2011: Khatt, n.d. Print. Karp, Ivan, Christine Mullen Kreamer, and Steven D. Lavine, eds. Museums and Communities: Politics of Public Culture. N.p.: Smithsonian Institution, 1992. Print. Miller, Beth, and Todd Woodward, eds. Leverage: Strengthening Neighborhoods through Design. N.p.: Community Design Collaborative, 2012. Print. Mindfulness Community Practice of Vancouver. N.p., n.d. Web. 2 Dec. 2014. Montgomery, Charles. Happy City: Transforming Our Lives Through Urban Design. New York City: Farrar, Straus and GIroux, 2013. Print. Our Diverse Cities. Ed. Caroline Andrew. Winnipeg: n.p., 2004. Print. Preziosi, Donald. Semiotics of Built Environment: Introduction to Architectonic Analysis.
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N.p.: Indiana University, 1079. Print. Shields, Rob. Spatial Questions: Cultural Topologies and Social Spatialisations. N.p.: Sage, 2013. Print. Thackar, John. In the Bubble: Designing for in a Complex World: Flow. N.p.: MIT, 2006. Print. Tibbalds, Francis. Making People-Friendly Towns: Improving the Public Environment in Towns and Cities. 1, October 17, 2000 ed. N.p.: Taylor & Francis, n.d. Print. Vancouver Benniale. N.p., n.d. Web. 2 Dec. 2014. Watson, Traci. “The Danger of Social Isolation.� Wired. N.p., 26 Mar. 2013. Web. 23 Oct. 2014. Whyte, William H. The Social Life of Small Urban Spaces. Ann Arbor: Edwards Brothers, 1980. Print. - - -. The Social Life of Small Urban Spaces. N.p.: Conservation Foundation, 1980. Print.
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