SPHINX-CERAMIQUE SITE MASTERLAN MAASTRICHT (NL) 1987-2006
Renewal & Preservation
Urban Redevelopment Strategies
Ahmed Al Amri | Ali Al Mughairi
Amsterdam
Location Old Centre Maastrischt Sphinx-Ceramique
Important destinations Amsterdam: 175.1 km, North West Aachen: 31 km, East
Aachen
Maastrischt
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History Industrial period 3
Reference
Findings Tabularasa 14 Building Typologies 15 Square Typologies 16 Street Typologies 17
Sphinx Ceramic (1987-2006) General 4-5 Main Principals 6 Structure 7 Public Functions Architecture 8 Location 9 The Bonnefanten Museum 10 The Wiebengahal 11 Plein 1992 12
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SPHINX-CERAMIQUE SITE MASTERLAN MAASTRICHT (NL) 1987-2006 History Maastricht has been known by the ceramic industry which played a very big role in boosting up the economic development in the area. Petrus Regout was known to be the innovator who founded the earthware factory in Maastricht in 1836. It was named as sphinx after the year 1899. This factory became the most important pottery base in Maastricht. During Regout’s success some other industrialists tried to get their share from rising interest in earthenware products. It started with the Société Céramique which was established by the two leading followers Winand Clermont and Charles Chainaye that began doing pottery in 1851. Others such as Nicolaas Bosch and Frederik tried also to started small potteries production as well but they didn’t succeed and it didn’t last long. In 1883 Louis Regout started the porcelain and tile factory which later was converted into Mosa. Maastrict became an absolute ceramics town on the night before the first world war and Potteries production became globally.
Seven thousand people were employed in this industry by 1913 which was the greatest year of the Maastricht potteries. This was almost 70% of the consisting employment in that industry. Later on these companies ran into a period of difficulties and the consequence was a number of unifications after the Second World War. The major unity was the Sphinx and Société Céramique in 1958. Few years later, the potteries industry in Maastricht decided to come to an end with the production of household earthenware.
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SPHINX-CERAMIQUE SITE MASTERLAN MAASTRICHT (NL) 1987-2006 Sphinx Ceramique (1987-2006) General
The new Urban Design of Sphinx Ceramique (1987-2006) is a housing district taking location of the former site of ceramics factory along the river Mass in Maastricht. The site is a total of 22 hectares of leftover space since the company relocated in 1990 which further was redeveloped and eventually the master plan done by “Jo Coenen” – which was ready since the end of the year 1987 – was able to be implemented.
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SPHINX-CERAMIQUE SITE MASTERLAN MAASTRICHT (NL) 1987-2006 Sphinx Ceramique (1987-2006) General Due to the former function of the area being an industrial area, it was isolated from its surrounding by a high perimeter wall. Thus, the area was a physical barrier separating the old centre and the area behind it. For that as being the situation for a long time, people’s mentalities were automatically programed to avoid the area which made the new development even more challenging to succeed. The success of the new urban redevelopment of the area had to be based on the goal of restoring and strengthening the relationship between the two areas bordering it.
around 1980
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SPHINX-CERAMIQUE SITE MASTERLAN MAASTRICHT (NL) 1987-2006
Sphinx Ceramique (1987-2006) Main Principals
In order to achieve the general goal set, three main principals were initiated Expansion: which is not to only create a separate suburb of Ceramique, but assure it being a part of the inner city authentically and an actual expansion of the city center. Reconciliation: that it well fits with its surrounding districts bordering it from all three sides. Connection: an important linkage between the new and old centre which is in this case it’s a pedestrian bridge that is highly relied-on over the River Maas.
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SPHINX-CERAMIQUE SITE MASTERLAN MAASTRICHT (NL) 1987-2006 As a significant structure of the new urban development is the Avenue Ceramique which is 40 meters wide as the roads it connects with.
Sphinx Ceramique (1987-2006) Structure
North Node and South Node
The other perpendicular streets and the courtyard-style buildings are at a 90 degree’s angel to the avenue.
The Avenue Ceramique extends between two poles; North and South Nodes. They are important meeting points where the buildings are very compact and high in concentration of public functions. The organization of the nodes is having a public place for people to spend time in. Completion of circuses
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SPHINX-CERAMIQUE SITE MASTERLAN MAASTRICHT (NL) 1987-2006
Sphinx Ceramique (1987-2006) Architecture
As for architecture, the “Authentic Urban Elan� was chosen to apply on the new buildings. That is because of it is at the nodes of the Avenue Ceramique towards the Wilhelminasingel (at the broad curve towards the north of the area) and the Limburglaan (at the roundabout towards the south of the area). That has been achieved through Dutch and international architects including Jo Coenen himself and Aldo Rossi.
North Node and South Node
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SPHINX-CERAMIQUE SITE MASTERLAN MAASTRICHT (NL) 1987-2006 Public Functions Locations
Mainly it’s the open space “Plein 1992”, where it containes functions like: a library, cafe’s, town hall, theater and exhebition rooms.
These public buildings contain public frunctions like: museums and exhebition hall.
This public building complex is a health care center.
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SPHINX-CERAMIQUE SITE MASTERLAN MAASTRICHT (NL) 1987-2006
Public Functions
The Bonnefanten Museum is known to be the leading fine art and contemporary art museum in the area of Limburg.
The Bonnefanten Museum It was founded in 1884 to be the historical and archaeological museum of the Dutch area of Limburg. This museum moved to the current location in 1995 which was designed by the Italian architect Aldo Rossi. It is considered to be the most noticeable modern building in Maastricht because of its position that is overlooking the River Maas. This museum became absolutely an art museum since 1999 and the historical and archaeological collections were placed in a different place.
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SPHINX-CERAMIQUE SITE MASTERLAN MAASTRICHT (NL) 1987-2006 The Wiebengahal used to be a factory building in the Maastricht district Céramique. This makes one of the buildings that were reserved from the industrial previous district.
Public Functions The Wiebengahal It is placed on the on Avenue Ceramique near by the famous Bonnefantenmuseum. This building was named after the actual designer Jan Wiebanga. This hall was dedicated to be the earthenware Société Céramique and eventually completed in 1912. When the Société Céramique and Koninklijke Sphinx were combined and in time moved out from the neighborhood many of the building were wiped out then the redevelopment initiated in the area in 1987. Many other buildings were demolished due to their condition but some other were left and were able to be reserved.
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SPHINX-CERAMIQUE SITE MASTERLAN MAASTRICHT (NL) 1987-2006
Public Functions
The plein 1992 is a square that is located in the neighborhood Céramique in Maastricht. This square is positioned in the northern part of the district between the curve Avenue Ceramique and the river Meuse. This square was originally known as the North Node.
Plein 1992 The plaza was designed by an architect named Jo Coenen who is also the masterplanner of the greater redevelopment of the Céramique district. There are many functions that are going on the square such as the Centre Céramique which is considered to be the library and cultural center, the Derlon Theatere which is one of the reserved factory building, luxury apartments and an office complex. There are residential buildings along the north side of the square that has shops and restaurants. This square is named after an important year in the Maastricht history. 1992 is when the government building of Maastricht Treaty was signed. It also includes the introduction of the euro as currency in many European countries was settled. In the square copper tiles included with the € symbol, alternating with the year 1992. 12
Findings...
SPHINX-CERAMIQUE SITE MASTERLAN MAASTRICHT (NL) 1987-2006
Renewal & Preservation
Urban Redevelopment Strategies
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Renewal & Preservation
SPHINX-CERAMIQUE SITE MASTERLAN MAASTRICHT (NL) 1987-2006
Urban Redevelopment Strategies
Tabularasa Sphinx Ceramique
sweep
around 1980
around 1980
try again !
Current
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SPHINX-CERAMIQUE SITE MASTERLAN MAASTRICHT (NL) 1987-2006 Building Typologies Sphinx Ceramique As clear in the plans, the building typologies from the 1980’s were the “ I ” shape and the “ . ” shape. As for the new plan of Jo Coenen, he tended to diversify the Building typologies between the “ O ”, the “
n ”, the “ L ”, the “ I ” and the “ . ”. In that, Jo Coenen tended to shape the buildings in responce to creating the best possitive space formulation in order to serve the people as a prior.
around 1980
Current
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SPHINX-CERAMIQUE SITE MASTERLAN MAASTRICHT (NL) 1987-2006 Square Typologies Sphinx Ceramique As clear in the plans, unlike the plan from 1980’s, Jo Coenen was able to introduce positive spaces in the benefit of the people. According to “OnLI.” the squares existing in the current plan vary beteen: Enclosed Square: space surrounded buildings and the only access is the entries through/next to the buildings. Square with Orientation: limited in three directions by buildings. The fourth direction is open or defined by a membrane of tree’s, colomns,.. etc, This side is connected with the surrounding.
around 1980
Current
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SPHINX-CERAMIQUE SITE MASTERLAN MAASTRICHT (NL) 1987-2006
Street Typologies Avenue Ceramique
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Sphinx Ceramique Space Forms
SPHINX-CERAMIQUE SITE MASTERLAN MAASTRICHT (NL) 1987-2006
Cortile Residential Complex Bellefroidlunet
Appartement complex Avenue Céramique
Piazza Céramique Appartments/Offices
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References - History: http://www.geheugenvannederland.nl/?/en/collecties/decoraties_maastrichts_aardewerk,_1836-1969/maastricht_keramiekstad_opkomst_en_bloei _van_een_groot-industrie - Sphinx ceramique : http://www.architectureguide.nl/project/list_projects_of_architect/arc_id/514/prj_id/1089 http://www.kei-centrum.nl/view.cfm?page_id=2358 - Wiebenga-hal: http://www.architectureguide.nl/project/list_projects_of_architect/arc_id/861/prj_id/1143 http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&sl=nl&u=http://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wiebengahal&ei=UcGNToW6FITRrQf766GvAQ&sa=X&oi=translat e&ct=result&resnum=1&sqi=2&ved=0CBsQ7gEwAA&prev=/search%3Fq%3DWiebenga-hal%25E2%2580%2599%26hl%3Den%26biw%3D1280%26b ih%3D676%26prmd%3Dimvns - Bonnefanten_Museum http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bonnefanten_Museum - Centre ceramique: http://mimoa.eu/projects/Netherlands/Maastricht/Centre%20Ceramique http://www.visitholland.nl/index.php/Maastricht/museums-in-maastricht.html - Plein 1992: http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&sl=nl&u=http://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plein_1992&ei=5DGPTrGNOdHhrAf_oL28AQ&sa=X&oi=translate& ct=result&resnum=1&sqi=2&ved=0CBsQ7gEwAA&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dplein%2B1992%2Bmaastricht%26hl%3Den%26biw%3D1280%26bih%3D6 76%26prmd%3Dimvns - The OnLi. Booklet . - Renewal & Preservation Urban Redevelopment Stratigies
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