DOPE MAGAZINE OREGON ISSUE #19 NOVEMBER 2015 "THE PAST TO PRESENT ISSUE" by DOPE Magazine

OREGON | NOVEMBER 2015 | ISSUE #19 | THE PAST TO PRESENT ISSUE | FREE

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EDIBLE

MYSTERY HAZE

RATIONS COCONUT MACAROONS

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THE HUMAN COLLECTIVE & TJ’S ORGANIC PROVISIONS

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TABLE OF CONTENTS ISSUE 19 | NOVEMBER 2015 THE PAST TO PRESENT ISSUE

12 STRAIN

BRANDING BUD CONSISTENCY ACROSS STATELINES

7 POINTS FARM

DISPENSARY

COCONUT MACAROONS BY LUNCHBOX ALCHEMY

14 EDIBLE

MYSTERY HAZE

GARDEN

STATE DIRECTOR NOTE

DOPE NEWS

CANNABIS WORLD NEWS

CANNA-NEWS

IN FOCUS: MIKE SMIGIEL

CONCENTRATE

TANGERINE TERPENE C0 2

THE HUMAN COLLECTIVE

CO-OP

TJ’S ORGANIC PROVISIONS

56 PRODUCT

CANNA-NEWS

CASE OF BASS

HISTORY OF CANNABIS

70 EVENT RECAP DOPE CUP

52 FEATURE

DR. CARL HART

CANNA-NEWS

CANNABIS AT THE FAIR

This November marks a historic and long overdue move by the Justice Department with the freeing of approximately 6,000 non-violent drug offenders from federal prison. Here, the retroactive application of new policy set by the U.S. Sentencing Commission leaves the once upon a time approach of severe mandatory minimums and mass incarceration appearing not just obviously ineffective, but undoubtedly out of touch, with federal judges reducing sentences by as many as 70 per week nationwide. Position this alongside the growing cannabis legalization movement and we find an evolving dialogue poised to drastically alter the way in which we view the term ‘criminal’ and apply the term ‘drugs’ in our society. In our feature interview with Dr. Carl Hart, we explore his valuable perspective on the timely issues of the failed War on Drugs and continued pursuit of racial equality in our country. We cannot deny the egregiously disproportionate number of minorities who’ve found themselves incarcerated and under attack by our dilapidated systems of justice. And while we should all appreciate that all lives matter, it is irresponsible to overshadow the black lives matter movement with such an all-encompassing notion of equality—especially when it is these roots of inequality in our nation that’ve led to these unfortunate discrepancies in our supposed systems of justice. And the blue lives matter billboards that’ve been cropping up in the name of highlighting violence against police only furthers a vicious scenario of black versus blue that leaves our nation literally bruised by beating itself up. As this is the Past to Present issue of DOPE Magazine, we encourage our readership to appreciate just how far we’ve come across the many social justice movements, but never losing sight of the ground we’ve yet to cover. In many ways, we are a nation at war with itself. From the past to the present to the new age, our work has only just begun. Stay DOPE.

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EVAN CARTER

NATHAN CHRYSLER

EDITOR-IN-CHIEF

SALES MANAGER

JAMES ZACHODNI

EMMETT FRASER

STATE DIRECTOR EMMETT H.W. NELSON

CONTRIBUTING WRITERS ANTHONY DIMEO DAVE HODES

ART DIRECTOR BRANDON PALMA

SHARON LETTS TRISTA OKEL JOSH KRAUS

GRAPHIC DESIGNER CHARM DOMACENA

CONTRIBUTING PHOTOGRAPHERS ALEX FALLENSTEDT

AD DESIGN

CHRIS RYAN

DOPE DESIGN AGENCY

CHAMELLE MACKENZIE

DOPE is a free publication dedicated to providing an informative and wellness-minded voice to the cannabis movement. While our foundation is the medical cannabis industry, it is our intent to provide ethical and researchbased articles that address the many facets of the war on drugs, from politics to lifestyle and beyond. We believe that through education and honest discourse, accurate policy and understanding can emerge. DOPE Magazine is focused on defending both our patients and our plant, and to being an unceasing force for revolutionary change.

MIKE EMMONS LEAD PHOTOGRAPHER ALLIE BECKETT MANAGING EDITOR/COPY EDITOR ALISON BAIRD

MELISSA MANKINS SALES EXECUTIVE NATE WILLIAMS MIKE FOX

ONLINE EDITOR

OFFICE MANAGER

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NUSHEEN BAKHTIAR SOCIAL MEDIA MANAGER

CEO DAVID TRAN

DALLAS KEEFE

OPERATIONS DIRECTOR

EXECUTIVE ASSISTANT

JONATHAN TEETERS

JENIKA MAO

OPERATIONS ASSOCIATE

ART DIRECTOR APPRENTICE

KATE KELLY

NARISSA-CAMILLE PHETHEAN

COVER PHOTO:

EILEEN BARROSO

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WRITER • LINDSEY RINEHART

STRAIN

PHOTOS •CHRIS RYAN

MYSTERY HAZE Organically Grown in Oregon

GENETICS TESTED BY: OREGON ANALYTICAL SERVICES

29.72% THC 0.08% CBD

A beautiful cross developed with care by Green Bodhi in Oregon, the Mystery Haze parentage begins with Don (Purple Afghani x Trainwreck) x (OG Kush x Sage) as the male, and Golden Pineapple as the mother. This union created Hazy Kush, which was then backcrossed onto itself, giving life to the flower shown here.

THERAPEUTIC BENEFITS As with most sativas and sativa dominant hybrids, Mystery Haze delivers an intensely euphoric buzz that is full of energy, a winning choice for being social and out and about. Tension dissipates, replaced with a fluid relaxation balanced with a lively happiness suggesting this may curb depression and anxiety.

LOOKS Pale green with neon orange pistils bursting from trichome covered calyxes; the pistils themselves are dusted with trichomes, showing off premium organically grown goodness at every angle. Nuggets are dense and uniform, displaying the great attention given to both the manicuring process and curative preservation.

FLAVOR Mystery Haze’s unique taste blends sweet pine and fruit in a smoke so smooth the size of the draw can be a bit difficult to guess. Very obvious mango and a slight hint of white wine are present during exhalation, giving a pleasant and long lasting aftertaste.

AROMA AVAILABLE AT • • • •

GREEN BODHI MYSTERY HAZE FARMA CALYXES HAPPY LEAF

GROWN AND PROVIDED BY: GREEN BODHI

INSTAGRAM.COM/GREENBODHI

ISSUE 19 THE PAST TO PRESENT ISSUE dopemagazine.com

Irresistible to the senses of many, this is a very fragrant flower that doesn’t disappoint with a thick, sweet pine complemented by floral fruit when the jar’s seal is broken. Long lasting, room filling and absolutely delicious are the qualities of this strain’s terpene produced fragrance.

EFFECT Enlightening happy feelings are a gift given by Mystery Haze, allowing for complete enjoyment of the accompanying relaxing qualities. Overall, the effects are a great balance between mental and physical effects. Mild relaxation combined with elated euphoria sets a thoughtful, yet active tone.

WRITER •TRISTA OKEL

PHOTOS • CHRIS RYAN

EDIBLES

RATIONS COCONUT MACAROONS What’s in your Lunchbox?

UNCHBOX ALCHEMY’S finely crafted Rations Coconut Macaroons are fresh and subtly sweet. They’re so much smoother and lighter than expected from some of the other pre-packaged treats on the market. With less than ten ingredients, Lunchbox has not only improved upon our favorite canna-treats, they’ve improved on the macaroon! The powerful punch of these treats may linger, but the subtle flavor of herb quickly fades, giving way to a light, fresh coconut flavor and a craving for more. Dipped in warm chocolate a few hours before bedtime, these bite-size cakes are perfect for bringing on that sweet warm embrace of relaxation. As the day’s aches and pains ease out, the Oregongrown handcrafted goodness seeps in. With only a short hour wait for the effect, they make for the perfect marriage of Netflix and sofa. A word of caution to be responsible with these treasures, for they’re meant for more than just binge watching a favorite show, while chowing down on whatever is in front of you. Conscious consumption is a must when it comes to cannabis infused treats. Each package contains four 26.5 mg cookies. One may be perfect for someone who occasionally enjoys edibles, while the whole package might be necessary for someone with a higher tolerance to cannabis. Lunchbox Alchemy is setting a standard here - not just in taste and effect, but with the high quality ingredients they choose. So many people that seek relief from cannabis products have various health conditions and cannot tolerate a lot of sugar and un-natural additives. Providing healthy options for those that want and need it is what Lunchbox Alchemy prides itself on. This attention and care continues through to proper testing that ensures their customers feel safe and know exactly what they’re putting in their bodies. ®

INSTAGRAM.COM/LUNCHBOX.ALCHEMY

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Savor our nuts.

Not just any nuts - These are winners! Awarded “Best Savory Edible” – 2015 Dope Cup Oregon. There are a multitude of ways to enjoy almond Rations, and all of them help provide long-lasting relief from whatever ails you. Available in sweet and savory flavors at fine dispensaries across the great state of Oregon. Lunchbox Alchemy uses top-quality Oregon grown cannabis to handcraft all extracts. Independent lab testing verifies the elevated standards we strive for: high potency product with no residual solvent, pesticides, fungus, or mold. Here at LBA, we aim to provide high-caliber medicinals that are as safe as they are effective. What’s in your lunchbox?

#lunchboxalchemy | 541-241-6786 | For more information visit lunchboxalchemy.com

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THE BUD TENDERS, AND FRONT OFFICE OF THE HUMAN COLLECTIVE, SHOW WHAT A PRO DISPENSARY SHOULD BE, PROFESSIONAL. FROM THEIR APPEARANCE, TO THE ABUNDANCE OF KNOWLEDGE THEY READILY SHARE...” 9220 SOUTHWEST BARBUR BLVD. #107, PORTLAND OR 97219 (541) 505 7105

In Touch with Patients ARAH BENNETT, patient rights advocate and member of the Advisory Committee on Medical Marijuana (AACM), is the founder of Human Collective, which opened its doors April of 2010. Managing Director Don Morse oversees daily operations of the business as well as directing The Oregon Cannabis Business Council (OCBC) together the pair of colleagues dedicated countless hours to the development and eventual enactment of HB 3460, sponsored by Representatives Buckley and Frederick as well as Senators Prozanski and Dingfeilder. HB3460 paved the way for registration and regulation of medical marijuana facilities in the State of Oregon, allowing dispensary owners to breath a small sigh of relief. The Human Collective claims the title of Oregon’s original dispensary, and it also enjoys the reputation of being the lowest priced. This activist-run establishment is

ISSUE 19 THE PAST TO PRESENT ISSUE dopemagazine.com

located in southwest Portland on Barbur Boulevard. The location itself is secluded, hidden in the rear of a large office building the company has nestled into. The management team’s primary focus other than delivering highly efficient safe access to patients is privacy. The founders are believers in the need for discretion regarding therapeutic cannabis purchases, and even visits. They apply the same standards to patient privacy practices as an average HIPAA compliant doctor’s office would. Fair prices across the board can be found at here at the Human Collective, with sought out strains grown by Elevated Farms, Gouda Dave and High Ridge Farms; not one gram of flower was priced higher than eight dollars and change. High THC and CBD concentrates, even on the higher end of quality are affordable, Sirius Extracts, Golden and Proper are obtainable by ® the gram and ounce.

WRITER •BRANDON KRENZLER

PHOTOS • ALEX FALLENSTEDT

dopemagazine.com ISSUE 19 THE PAST TO PRESENT ISSUE

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WRITER•DAVE HODES

CANNANEWS

DESIGN•BRANDON PALMA

S THE steady march toward full cannabis legalization rumbles across the country, the buzz grows stonger among entrepreneurs, who now reach to seize every opportunity in a new American industry. Accelerating spurts of development continue to occur at an increasing frequency and pace. It’s not only that a substance previously illegal is now legal in four states and D.C., the very heart of our nation. This social change extends deeper into the American psyche. This whole new legal cash crop carries with it an unprecedented level of social change. It’s reaching into the very roots of the failed war on drugs, into sentencing reform for non-violent offenders and most importantly, into what it means to be a criminal, and who the criminal element really is. For centuries in this country, and continuing today, that criminal element often assumed to be a black man. In 1808 in Washington, D.C., where nearly 1,000 free slaves lived, and hundreds of other owned slaves were helping to build the federal buildings, a city ordinance stipulated that “No black person, or person of color, shall be allowed to walk about or assemble after ten o’clock at night.” Part of the “black code” set of laws that continued through the 1800s in various cities in the south, is was designed to control the growing black population. This began with a long cycle of unjust incarcerations and arrests that continue today. The US incarcerates more of its citizens than any other country in the world. According to the Drug Policy Alliance (a national organization that promotes drug policies based on health and human rights), in 2014 there were 700,993 arrests for marijuana possession. Bill Piper, director of national affairs for the Drug Policy Alliance, points to the massive racial disparity in these arrests, “In New York, young white people are actually more likely than African Americans to use marijuana, but African Americans compose 85% of those arrested for marijuana possession.” He says the war on cannabis creates a climate of fear and oppression in communities of color. “The reality is that for many Americans, particularly young men of color, a minor cannabis offense, no matter how it is dealt with, is a gateway to a lifetime of civil and criminal punishment, discrimination, fines, debt, unemployment and constant harassment by the police. The only way to close this gateway is with legalization. It is the only way to stop people from entering

black codes in the 1800s, and largely ended this punitive, unjust and racist system.” in the mid-1960s. “You now have millions To some African American youth today, of people, largely people of color and mostly feeling controlled by law enforcement is often young black men, who now can be legally disnothing new. The evidence of that control is criminated against in employment becoming more availand in housing,” says Piper. “They able to everyone, as can be denied the right to vote, and ever-present phone be denied welfare benefits and cameras reveal deeper, public housing. Those were all sometimes disturbing of the things that the civil rights truths about a larger movement was fighting for.” problem. Videos of As more states legalize, there Freddie Gray being has been an increase in commuting treated like a sack of sentences for those doing time for trash before his death cannabis arrests. “Commutations following a rough ride are starting to become more of an in a police van, or the issue in states that have legalized footage of Eric Garner, cannabis. You have that juxtaposichoked to death on tion between people who are now the streets of New making money selling cannabis, York raise new pro- B I L L P I P ER , D I R EC TOR OF NATIONA L while there are people in prison for found questions. AF FA I RS FOR THE having done the same thing,” Piper “The primary says. “So I think we are going to relationship, that most D RU G POL IC Y A L L I A NC E see a greater effort to get people African American who are in prison out of prison.” people have with this The change in drug policies country for the majormay be slow to come and Piper ity of our lives, is one points out the obvious, “We are up of confinement and against a lot of vested interests in the drug war. containment,” Asha Bandele, the Director of The private prison industry, the drug testing the Advocacy Grants Program for the Drug industry, the pharmaceutical companies that Policy Alliance. “The marijuana laws and give money to the legalization opponents. The other drug laws are just the most recent manistruggle is really between the social justice festation of that.” advocates on one hand, and the drug war profiAs legalization grows and the cannabis teers on the other. It’s between those who want movement spreads, discussions mainly focus on the disparity between cannabis, race and ar- to reduce incarceration and misery, and those who seek to profit off it. I think we will win rests. “I think linking arms and aims with other that battle slowly.” social justice issues is equally as important There has been talk that as he exits office as is the work on the reform of the marijuana next year President Obama may reschedule laws,” Bandele says. “You can reform that and marijuana (not deschedule – that would take something else will pop up. So as much as this an act of Congress). Perhaps he may also paris an effort to shift policy, it is also an effort don some non-violent offenders. Piper clarifies to shift the hearts and minds about how Black the situation stating “Even if the president people are viewed in America.” pardons thousands of cannabis offenders, She says cannabis arrests and other drug they’ll have the offenses on their records, and policies decimate communities because it there would be a news story with their names isn’t just the people in prison this effects, it’s in it, but one step at a time.” the people left behind. “You don’t just take Bandele believes the legalization of one person out of the community and make it safer.” That is not what happened. Whole fam- cannabis can boost small towns where the economy has been decimated by the cycle of ilies were destroyed. Children are less likely incarcerations. “Let’s make the country whole to have two parents around now than they did again.” during slavery.” Piper says cannabis arrests have created a new sort of Jim Crow environment. He refers to a set of segregation laws that followed the

I THINK WE ARE GOING TO SEE A GREATER EFFORT TO GET PEOPLE WHO ARE IN PRISON OUT OF PRISON.

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Aroma and Resin Enricher

24 24 || ISSUE 00 19 THE PAST TO PRESENT ISSUE dopemagazine.com

WRITER•DAVID PALESCHUCK, PRESIDENT, NEW LEAF LICENSING

DESIGN•BRANDON PALMA

BRANDING BUD

MANY ANALYSTS BELIEVE IT’S JUST A MATTER OF TIME BEFORE MORE STATES REFORM. THE SPREAD OF LEGALIZATION WILL OPEN UP NEW MARKETS UNTIL THERE’S A REGULATED OPEN MARKET AND A LEVEL PLAYING FIELD. David Paleschuck

TTITUDES surrounding cannabis

STEREOTYPES Who is the cannabis consumer and what is their lifestyle? Is there just one type of cannabis consumer? Are images of Cheech & Chong, Harold & Kumar, Willy Nelson & Snoop Dog all stereotypes of cannabis smokers? To push it further, is “smoking” itself a stereotype of cannabis consumption?

are undergoing a shift in American public opinion. A report by Pew Research Center released in 2014 demonstrates widespread support for legalization, and also shows support for cannabis jumping from 30% at the start of the millennium to 52% at the time of the study. As voters and lawmakers seek to reform laws, policy makers will have to address many difficult questions about regulation, production, sales, distribution and consumption.

There are generally two types of cannabis consumers: MEDICAL CANNABIS: Those with a state issued license to consume cannabis to reduce

INDUSTRY ACTIVITY

PRODUCTS & USAGE

Recent articles from The New York Times, The New Yorker, Wall Street Journal, and the Financial Times, among others include promising statements like “23 states have legalized medically,” “Colorado sales totalled $700 million in 2014,” “three states plus Washington D.C. have legalized recreationally” and “Cannabis Basics™ (and other cannabis brands) have received their trademarks from the US Trademark Office” Founders Fund, run by PayPal co-founder Peter Thiel, has invested millions into the industry, as has Y-Combinator, a business accelerator that helped get Reddit, Airbnb and Dropbox off the ground. At the entrepreneur level, business owners are creating many new products and most seek clarity on how to market & protect their brands legally and ethically, especially when particular legalities must be handled on a state-by-state basis.

LET’S LOOK AT THE FACTS…

With two specific segments, one can see the need for two distinct product strategies. “Medical cannabis”, with its need for ailment specific cannabis therapies, and “Recreational cannabis”, where the plant is considered an “adult substance” and marketed like alcohol and tobacco to 21+. Each serves a distinctly different demographic, when most brands tend to focus on one or the other. Josh Kirby, President of Oakor,™ and maker of cannabis sublingual breath strips says, “Due to federal policy surrounding interstate commerce with infused cannabis products, our strategy is two-fold: formulate consistent cannabis products; and license those formulas and our brand to reliable licensees...because of regulations, brand & product licensing allows us to minimize parallel processing, reduce risk, and leverage local talent and knowledge within each market.” Other notable cannabis licensing deals in the recreational market include Privateer Holdings, a multi-million dollar “cannabis fund” now aligned with the Marley Family for a new cannabis product brand called Marley Natu-

pain or symptoms of an ailment such as cancer, arthritis, fibromyalgia, etc. They typically consume edibles, and sub-lingual tinctures and use topical lotions, oils and they may avoid smoking cannabis due to their ailments. Often they choose cannabis products that have had their psychotropic component (THC) removed, while maintaining the pain-relieving cannabidiol (CBD) component. RECREATIONAL CANNABIS: Those that are 21+ without a state issued license. They typically consume cannabis through smoking, vaporizing, and may often be seeking a ‘high’.

rals.™ It’s a full line of products, ranging from cannabis flower to infused topical lotions and oils, and it’s launch is on track for year’s end. Many analysts believe it’s just a matter of time before more states reform. The spread of legalization will continue to open up new markets, until there’s a regulated open market and level playing field that will contain a whole new generation of brands. We’re sure to see an increase in the number of strong brands very soon across product categories, ranging from pre-rolled cannabis cigarettes to infused topical body lotions. That being said, as public awareness & acceptance of the plant ramps up, we could see a surge of well established brands developing cannabis products of their own. So is Bob Marley the next Marlboro Man? Will there be a ‘cannabis section’ at Whole Foods,® where high profile companies like Aveda® and Dr. Bronners® create entire lines of relaxing infused body lotions? Although these questions can’t be answered now, it’s clear the public will seek consistency in the quality of cannabis products, just as they would with any other consumable good.

[As business owners and entrepreneurs protecting our intellectual property is paramount. The August 25th 2015 Federal Trade Mark Registration granted to Cannabis Basics by the USPTO is quite a beautiful sign of the times!” Ah Warner, CEO/Founder of Cannabis Basics ] dopemagazine.com ISSUE 19 THE PAST TO PRESENT ISSUE

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WEâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;VE FRESHENED THINGS UP. LAUNCHING DECEMBER 2015

SEE DOPE. READ DOPE. BE DOPE.

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CANNABIS CONCENTRATES Past, Present & Future WRITER•DUTCH MASTER DESIGN•BRANDON PALMA

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MOROCCO, LEBANON, INDIA – THESE REGIONS HAVE BEEN NOTORIOUS FOR ANCIENT HASHISH PREPARATORY TECHNIQUES RANGING FROM THE SCREENBEATING/ SIFTING OF DRY PLANTS TO HAND RUBBED CHARAS OBTAINED FROM LIVE PLANTS, THE LATTER BEING HIGHLY-PRIZED.

[A Brick of Hashish]

the cannabis community many are under the false assumption cannabis in its concentrated form is a recent development. Popular media outlets regurgitate “facts” about the sudden upsurge in THC content – perpetuating a modern reefer madness. They claim that never before in history have humans seen the high THC levels we are currently witnessing in today’s concentrates. Any cannabis-consuming historian will say though, that this is far from the truth, as humans have been interacting with this plant for over 10,000 years, and often in its extracted, concentrated form. While ancient techniques have a difficult time achieving lab-grade purity, there is extremely strong (60%+ THC) hashish and concentrated forms of cannabis currently produced around the world via methods handed down for generations. Given humanity’s rich history and understanding of ancient cannabis extraction techniques where is extraction headed? By exploring a bit of the past and a tad of the present, we will hopefully be afforded a glimpse into the future of cannabis concentrates. Morocco, Lebanon, India – these regions have been notorious for ancient hashish preparatory techniques ranging from the screen-beating/ sifting of dry plants to hand rubbed charas obtained from live plants, the latter being highlyprized. Many of these very techniques were utilized in these regions hundreds (if not thousands) of years prior, with the tradition being handed down to younger successive generations. These areas are no stranger to cannabis concentrates – with cultural traditions rich in cannabis history. It is important to note, up until the 1970’s these areas (India, in particular) allowed and tolerated cannabis use for medicinal and religious purposes – even allowing it to be sold in government shops. While officially these areas have criminalized cannabis use, after bowing to international pressure, cannabis consumption is still quite common and moderately tolerated, with regions of Northern India still serving the popular beverage bhang, a cannabis-infused lassi-type drink. Unfortunately, many of these ancient techniques have become rather endangered due to draconian anti-drug policies. In the 1960s Western Culture begins to see mass consciousness experimentation and with it, the widespread consumption of cannabis. Academia became a hotbed for radically new ideas and the molecular pursuit for the elusive psychoactive constituents in cannabis, named cannabinoids, began. Although Roger Adams discovered THC in 1940, it was not popularized until Raphael Mechoulam’s THC synthesis in

GROW

[ A man smoking hookah ]

1964. With this came greater inquiries into the possible potentiation of CBD and THC, the two primary active cannabinoids found in cannabis. Readers of popularized cannabis publications of the time became bombarded with all sorts of odd gizmos and gadgets claiming to do just the sort – performing various reactions such as the ISO2 by Thai Power, an “at-home isomerizer,” which allows the user to isomerize CBD to Δ9THC. With greater acceptance and tolerance to cannabis consumption beginning to permeate throughout The West, a greater understanding of the plant as a whole rapidly becomes a reality. Cannabis concentrates finally emerge in the form of Honey Oil, with manufacturing brought up to quazi-laboratory standards. What we begin to see at this moment in history is an exponential increase in the knowledge about cannabis due to mass collaboration, albeit rather clandestine. Today, in a world of legal cannabis consumption we are seeing the emergence of a “concentrate culture” – aficionados whose primary method of consumption is with cannabis concentrates. Illustrious $3,000+ dab rigs, electric nails, rosin presses, the countless novel inventions abound. In Washington State, new regulations have effectively ushered the extraction scene into focusing on new “solventless” extraction methods. Also, mega-conglomerate extraction companies are beginning to dominate due to legislation that eliminates the cottage-industry aspect. With other “green” states choosing to take a different approach to cannabis extraction regulation, it will be interesting to see how Washington State fares on the national level.

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[ PHOTO BY • Kdaniel Ellis ] >

ITH DAB culture pervading

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WRITER•R.Z. HUGHES

Incoming! Airmail Cannabis A family of five living in Nogales, Arizona, less than a mile from the Mexico border, had an unexpected delivery through the roof of their carport. A 23-pound brick of cannabis, presumably dropped by an ultralight aircraft, missed it’s attempted target and came hurdling through the night sky to land with a crash on top of the family’s dog house. While it is not uncommon for smugglers to drop their illicit loads in the desert, this egregious error by the pilot marked the first time it came in such close proximity to a residence.

Deputies Target Okra Farmer In Georgia A man in Cartersville, Georgia got a rude awakening last month when the Governor’s Task Force for Drug Suppression showed up on his front porch armed to the hilt with a chopper hovering over his house. Retired Dwayne Perry happens to enjoy growing okra in his backyard with his much-deserved free time. This innocuous act caught the eye of overzealous, undertrained officers doing aerial sweeps of the area. While he wasn’t detained, and they apologized, Perry is rightfully upset with the Georgia State Patrol as this type of irresponsible raid has led to much grislier ends under different circumstances.

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Indiana Tries On Goofy Anti-Ganja Goggles When the powers that be attempt to educate our youth about drugs, illegitimate fearmongering and scare tactics is commonly the main approach. Hancock County, Indiana, has purchased a new technology for their Youth Council designed to mimic the cognitive impairment after smoking cannabis. In reality, a green lens makes it nearly impossible to see the color red, which in a driving simulation makes red lights, stop signs, and inexplicable urban lasers invisible. While cannabis has never produced color-blindness in users, this brazen lie may no doubt stick with these kids, promoting less-than-educated decisions in their futures.

GRAPHICS •BRANDON PALMA

Baked In The Balkans?

Something is in the air over southeastern Europe and it smells like a big bag of sticky reefer. Within the last few months there have been moves to adopt medical cannabis in both Bulgaria and Croatia, with neighboring country Serbia hosting a massive protest in the name of MaryJane. This news comes at a time when Albania, a nation that shares borders with Serbia and is quite near to Croatia, claims to have eradicated 99% of cannabis within their borders. Croatia had the groundwork to theoretically begin prescribing medicinal cannabis last month, and a Bulgarian MP recently brought a bill that legalizes cannabis for patients to the parliament.

Karachi’s Cop-On-Cop Crime There is serious tension between law enforcement agencies in Pakistan as the AntiNarcotics Force (ANF) has twice raided the offices of the Anti-Violent Crime Cell (AVCC), seizing over 200 kilos of hashish and a couple kilos of heroin. Officials in the port city of Karachi have been cracking down on “the local drug mafia,” said to include members of their elite police force. While it looks like the AVCC is caught red-handed, it could very well be that the AVCC originally confiscated the hash because the ANF was engaged in illegal activity, but from this far away it’s difficult to tell which group has its hands in the international hash trade.

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CANNANEWS

WRITER•DAVE HODES

IN FOCUS: MIKE SMIGIEL

[ PHOTO • MICHAEL D. SMIGIEL JR. ELKTON, MARYLAND ]

EPUBLICAN PARTY member, lawyer and former Marine Mike Smigiel is on mission. He wants to honor the Constitution and the will of the people. He considers himself a libertarian, a conservative on fiscal issues and a champion of the fourth and tenth amendments stating “I am as liberal as the constitution says I can be, and as conservative as the constitution says I can be.” As a former delegate in the Maryland legislature, where he spent a dozen years, Smigiel worked across party lines to pass more bipartisan legislation than any other Republican in the Maryland legislature. Some of that work resulted in the passage of a cannabis decriminalization bill in Maryland that he co-sponsored, one of just two Republicans from a list of fourty co-sponsors. The bill was introduced in February, 2014 by Heather Mizeur, the Democratic gubernatorial candidate for Maryland at that time. Mizeur lost the election but is steadfast in her support of cannabis legalization. Smigiel is running for Maryland’s 1st Congressional district seat in 2016 against Maryland Republican Representative Andy Harris. Harris,

a three-term congressman, gained notoriety in the legalization community in D.C. for his attempts to block the legalization effort in the district by inserting a rider into a congressional omnibus spending bill that passed in December, 2014. The rider barred the district from legalizing and regulating cannabis, and nullified the legalization initiative that had been approved by 70% of the district voters. The initiative remained in place after a review period elapsed with no additional action, and legalization began on February 26, 2015, with a tax and regulating structure still to be determined as a result of the ongoing interpretation about what the rider really means. As a consequence, Harris has quickly become a target of what’s wrong with politicians when it comes to legalization efforts, their interpretation of the constitution, and their push back against the will of the people.

Q DOPE: You are working now

Q DOPE: You would think that

on getting into the primary to run against Andy Harris, who has been very vocal about his position on both medical and recreational marijuana. Why are you looking to get back into the fray of rule making?

the positive things that have happened in Colorado – especially the reported tax revenue in 2014 ($70 million in taxes and licensing fees), would change politician’s opinions. It seems like the discussion about what works is already over.

MIKE SMIGIEL: I think that the federal government has absolutely no right whatsoever in being involved in the issues of medical and recreational marijuana. I try to explain to every Republican that you can’t say that you stand for the tenth amendment, and you can’t stand up for individual state’s rights while you support the law enforcement, or the establishment position, against the legalization of marijuana or against the state deciding that they want to either legalize or decriminalize or accept medical marijuana. These states should go through the process.

Q DOPE: What is the source of your beef with Harris?

MS: Andy Harris clearly showed that he thinks he knows better than the people. The people of D.C. said that this is what we want to do – legalize cannabis, but then Harris interjects his views [that legalization leads to increased teen drug use.] If he is a conservative and he thinks it’s so important that he interjects those views, why won’t he then say, “OK, this is so important. We are going to make sure that the tenth amendment is supported,” but he decides that he is going to override the vote of the people over the legalization in D.C., and interject his own point of view there. Then he goes on the radio and makes the statement that they are also going to take a look at what they are doing in Colorado and California and Texas and Washington, and that they are going to take a look federally at trying to have the feds come in and stop it. That is absolutely anathema to everything that I believe in, in the individual state’s rights. If you have that experimentation with the policies in other states, you can adapt that which works and reject that which doesn’t work.

MS: Well Harris is being disingenuous now. He said let’s forget everything I said before and now, instead of being against cannabis, I am now going to the forefront of saying that we need to do a study. He says that we have to put the pharmaceutical companies in charge of the study, and that is absolutely wrong. They can now make certain plants that are tailored with the THC content and the cannabinoid content so that you can direct it towards a specific ailment, like a child with epilepsy. [ PHOTO • ANDI MORONY, ANNAPOLIS MARYLAND ]

SMIGIEL IS RUNNING FOR MARYLAND’S 1St CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICT SEAT IN 2016 AGAINST MARYLAND REPUBLICAN REPRESENTATIVE ANDY HARRIS.

We are able to do this without the help of the pharmaceutical company coming in and saying that you have to have it in pill form – which is everything that they can control and from which they make a profit. So it’s disingenuous for him to take this position that he is now somehow procannabis, when in fact he is pro-pharma.

Q DOPE: What is your

plan of attack for the upcoming elections? MS: Support the idea of state’s rights. No matter what state you are in, turn your eyes away from your state border and look to D.C. Take out Andy Harris. If that message goes to every senator, to every congressman in every state that you are next if you don’t adhere to those constitutional protections of the people and you don’t stand up for them, you are next. Congressmen want one thing: to be reelected. If they realize when speaking out against the marijuana industry, that they lose the ability to enjoy all of those benefits of being a congressman, they will stop attacking the industry.

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UST A QUICK JUMP off Highway 99 and 10 minutes away from downtown Eugene you’ll find a real gem of a dispensary, TJ’s Organic Provisions. Owners Travis, James, Jim, and their team continue the Eugene tradition of fine craftsmanship. Their beautiful boutique offers a wide array of the best cannabis on the market, and this is evident in their high quality house strains Durban Poison and Platinum Label. Their shop is gorgeous, and the atmosphere is friendly and inviting. Years ago, Travis’ wife sustained a debilitating brain injury, and after intense research, Travis felt they should give cannabis a try. The results were spectacular, and soon they were grow-

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ing excellent medicine for their family, and others in the area as well. The heart of what they do has always been people. “We have no problem being successful from the hard work we’ve put into this operation. However, it’s a great feeling that our success comes from helping people reduce their pain and lead a normal, happy life.” Modest as they are, their philanthropic streak cannot be denied. Every month they donate at least four pounds of cannabis to those in medical need. They also coordinate the Meds for Kids – a pioneering program dearly beloved by parents of seizure-afflicted children. “These children were being institutionalized and pumped with

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CANNANEWS

Portland’s First Cannabis Ordinance Affects Half Of The City’s Dispensaries HEN THE Portland City Council decided that they were going to exercise local control over canna-businesses, the local activists and stakeholders were paying attention. The City of Portland has jurisdiction of nearly half of the dispensaries in the entire state. The city reports there are currently 132 dispensaries in Portland, but the Medical Marijuana Dispensary Program’s website says there are 148 currently approved for Portland as of August. Commissioner Amanda Fritz was placed as the contact for the Office of Neighborhood Involvement (ONI), whose Director is Theresa Marchetti, while Victor Salinas heads up the ONI Marijuana Policy Project. They wrote an ordinance to regulate all medical and recreational dispensaries as well as cannabis producers and processors. Mr. Salinas issued this statement about the process:

“We are a people centered Bureau and it takes time to engage stakeholders and community resources in creating public policy focused on the needs and priorities of community members, marijuana businesses and medical marijuana patients alike. We feel the proposed ordinance to license and regulate marijuana establishments in the City of Portland is a reflection of our commitment to equity, transparency and inclusiveness.” As multiple city council meetings addressed the issue, they amended the ordinance and the process became much more inclusive. The city estimates there will be 132 recreational facilities in addition to the 132 medical that they now estimate are operational, only 25 processors were anticipated. The council seems most concerned with saturation, citing past experiences with lottery and alcohol businesses raising crimes in their surrounding areas as the reason for wanting less dispensaries. They acci-

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dentally endangered existing medical dispensaries with language that would have allowed new recreational facilities to edge out existing medical facilities by simply submitting their application to the city first. Grandfathering language of existing medical dispensaries was included in later, after outcry from local dispensaries that had been open and operational. In the language that was voted through, dispensaries registered past January of 2015 could still face issues. This will likely be addressed again. New Approach Oregon’s Measure 91 did not have a 1,000ft rule, enabling free enterprise to determine the market. HB3400 (that implemented M91) doesn’t have a 1,000ft rule for recreational dispensaries, but does allow for local control of them. This is how the City of Portland was allowed to institute their rule of not having a recreational facility within 1,000ft of another recreation or medical facility. Anthony Johnson, the Director of New

WRITER•LINDSEY RINEHART

WE ARE COMMITTED TO ENSURING THAT THE PEOPLE OF PORTLAND, INDUSTRY REPRESENTATIVES AND RESIDENTS ALIKE, CONTINUE TO BE HEARD AND RESPECTED AS THE PROGRAM IS REFINED.

Approach Oregon was not satisfied with the rule. “One of the goals of legalizing cannabis was to move it off the streets and push out the black market. But for that to happen, dispensaries need to be more convenient and better regulated than illegal dealers. This policy does just the opposite and must be stopped,” he says. Don Morse from the Oregon Cannab`is Business Council was very active during the ordinance being implemented and was the first to issue an activist alert. Don said, “The OCBC represents good actors in the industry and sought to protect them. We put out a call to action that resulted in hundreds of emails and phone calls being made and it helped to fill the Council Chambers. After much testimony about how this rule would result in businesses closing, employees being let go and the potential for it to double the number of dispensaries in the city, the council wisely ordered the necessary changes be made to ensure this did not happen. In addition to working on community outreach the Oregon Cannabis Business Council is responsive and protective

of the needs of its members. We work hard to secure the laws and rules that will allow our industry to flourish in a socially responsible manner. At the end of the day we are just happy to be making a difference.” Another point of contention is the ordinance doesn’t allow an employee-patient of a medical dispensary to consume their cannabis alone, in an enclosed room- as HB3460 outlined. That would mean that medical patients who have been allowed to medicate on-sight to treat conditions throughout work would no longer be able to. Activists and representatives from One Draw Two and Collective Awakenings, both medical dispensaries in Portland, carried the fight for patients to be able to use their medication at work. As voted through, the council amended the ordinance to state language. Commissioner Amanda Fritz seemed satisfied with the process of making and passing the ordinance. “The City of Portland’s Marijuana Policy Program is striving to meet the multiple needs of Portland’s communities in facilitating smooth integration of the new recre-

ational marijuana industry. It has been a steep learning curve, necessitating deep reliance on the Office of Neighborhood Involvement’s core values of inclusion and people-centered government. We are committed to ensuring that the people of Portland, industry representatives and residents alike, continue to be heard and respected as the program is refined. I greatly appreciate all the intelligent and helpful input we’ve received, as together we work to endure the success of both medical dispensaries and recreational stores while limiting foreseeable negative consequences…” When all was said and done, the City of Portland voted to pass the ordinance with its amendments, but they vowed to revisit the issue in 4 weeks or less- with much more input from the cannabis community during the process to address the remaining concerns. The first licensing date is not yet determined.

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is a title a select few can actually claim as few cannabis farmers make the full commitment to organic growing practices. 7 Points Oregon has made this commitment, a choice made after an experiment. After running a simultaneous side by side grow, one side being fed a synthetic nutrient the other the 7 points blend, the team found that the organic/veganic side exceeded all expectations. The choice was simple for founding member and co-owner Robert Elam, and quality over quantity became the new standard for the company.

The organic nearly veganic garden begins with the cannabis plant’s home- a 7 Points proprietary blended medium that caters to a highly active soil microbiome, and then carrying the highly disciplined practice all the way through to harvest. A wide range of mycorrhizas, beneficial bacteria and nutrient rich compost teas

are blended together to create the sustenance of the garden. Robert has labored to create a state of the art indoor cannabis production facility, guiding the evolution of 7 points from the ground up. He and a team of professionals redesigned a 6000+ square foot facility into segregated rooms, consisting of two uniquely designed expansive flowering areas lit with Epapillion lighting. The other third of the facility consists of a dedicated vegging room along with a drying and processing area built with food grade stainless steel tables and racks to ensure no contaminations of the final product take place. Entering into the 7 Points facility begins with a clean room, where staff and visitors dress down into protective gear, not to protect the humans, but rather the plants. A long rectangular warehouse like space is filled from side to side with full bushes of large pungent colas.

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“WE BELIEVE IN CREATING A QUALITY ORGANIC PRODUCT, FOCUSING ON SUSTAINABILITY AND BEING A GOOD MEMBER OF OUR COMMUNITY. WE HOPE THAT THROUGH THESE STEPS WE CAN HELP ELIMINATE THE STIGMA SURROUNDING CANNABIS AND CHANGE THE CONVERSATION TO REFLECT THE POSITIVE ASPECTS OF THIS INDUSTRY.”

All of the plant pots rest inside drainage basins where the runoff can be reclaimed and put to other uses. Robert speaks of continually striving to minimize the ecological footprint left by 7 Points. The H2O captured by the dehumidifiers and HVAC system is harvested and used to water the plants, allowing for half the water consumption of a normal indoor facility. The production team has utilized an external application that allows for the exact amount of water necessary for single rows of plants to be released during watering time, by calculating runoff and minimizing overconsumption of the valuable non-renewable resource. “We believe in creating a quality organic product, focusing on sustainability and being a good member of our community. We hope that through these steps we can help eliminate the stigma surrounding cannabis and change the conversation to reflect the positive aspects of this industry.” This organic farm is well known around Portland for specializing in sought out phenotypes of Cherry Pie, Cotton Candy Kush, Master Kush and Moon Puppies and their cannabis can be found at a number of locations across the metro area such as Sweet Relief, Pacific Green and Collective Awakenings. As for the future of 7 Points Oregon, Elam says, “Being driven to create the best flavor we can out of our cannabis, it made sense to team up with Noble Rot and Portland Food Adventures to offer what we hope will be the most comprehensive ganja pairing dinner this city has ® ever seen.” dopemagazine.com ISSUE 19 THE PAST TO PRESENT ISSUE

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The effects came swiftly and there was a clear increase in creative energy that made writing easy. A relaxed, happy, and focused calm allowed me to focus and get work accomplished in a short amount of time with energy to spare and the pleasantly clear euphoria lasted for quite some time into the day.

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FEATURE

B L ACK L I VE S M ATT E R

ONE NEU ROSCIENTIST’S MISSION TO LEVEL THE PLAYING FIELD

AS THE STORY GOES, Dr. Carl Hart was living a good life as a successful black man when his past came back to haunt him, and that’s where this story begins. Why did I use the descriptor “black” when he is clearly a successful man? In more than one story researched online his tag line came with the color of his skin. One can easily speculate it’s the very same reason our prisons are lopsided with black non-violent offenders. Statistics show the same amount of people, white or black, consume and sell the same amount of drugs and the failed War on Drugs isn’t changing the discrepancy many simply call discrimination.

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WRITER•SHARON LETTS

PHOTOS•EILEEN BARROSO

To begin again, Dr. Carl Hart is a neuroscientist, a best-selling author, and Associate Professor of Psychiatry and Psychology at Columbia University. His first effort to explain the failed War on Drugs and the misinformation surrounding it, High Price: A Neuroscientist’s Journey of SelfDiscovery That Challenges Everything You Know About Drugs and Society, is at once a memoir, a book on drug policy, and a primer on the science of drugs. The work also won him a PEN/E.O. Wilson Literary Science Writing Award – one of the most prestigious awards given for physical and biological sciences today. John Tierney of the New York Times called High Price, “A fascinating combination of memoir and social science. Wrenching scenes of deprivation and violence accompanied by calm analysis of historical data and laboratory results.” Hart compiles the painful facts from his own life, but it’s to explain the failed War on Drugs from the black perspective, coming himself from a poor neighborhood of color in South Florida. The work’s accolades focused on his “empirical evidence,” impossible to deny, ripping U.S. policy public perceptions to shreds in the process. “High Price reminded readers that some of our most respected members of society were (and perhaps still are) pot smokers, including the last three occupants of the White House,” Hart says from his home in New York. This, and other data, is helping to change the perception of the typical pot smoker from the ‘Doritos-eating’, lazy, couch potato – to you and me, responsible citizens.” His memoir recounted the morning he was presented with a paternity suit by a woman he had fathered her 17 year-old son with, now leading the troubled life he once fled from in his old neighborhood. It had been a one-night stand and he remembered the young woman sneaking him in through her bedroom window, in lieu of her mother’s watchful eye. He had been studying drug addiction from a neuroscientist’s perspective from his seat at Columbia, and was now facing that world in a very personal way. He learned his son had dropped out of high school, fathered several children with different women, sold drugs, and allegedly shot someone. With two small children already at home, the newly appointed Associate Professor at Columbia had his parenting

THE STATISTICS IN BLACK & WHITE • 2001-2010: 8 Million Arrests • 88% for possession of drugs • Cannabis arrests, 52% of arrests • Cannabis possession, 46% of arrests • 2010, one cannabis arrest every 37 seconds • States spent over 3.6 billion on enforcement of possession • Blacks are 3.73 times more likely to be arrested in every region • Blacks & Whites use cannabis in similar rates, wealthy or poor • In more than 96% of counties with more than 30K people where only 2% are black residents, arrests are higher for blacks From the American Civil Liberties Union’s (ACLU) report, “The War on Marijuana in Black & White” June, 2013 work cut out for him. From his website he writes, “I’d wanted to teach my children everything I hadn’t known as I grew up with a struggling single mother, surrounded by people whose lives were limited by their own lack of knowledge. I wanted them to go to good schools, to know how to negotiate the potential pitfalls of being black in the United States, to not have to live and die by whether they were considered ‘man’ enough on the street. I also wanted to illustrate by my own example that bad experiences, like those I had as a child, aren’t the defining factor in being authentically black.” He began questioning his own path. How did he go from a black kid on the street with “learning difficulties” in elementary school, to an Ivy League professor? He admits to doing all the wrong things he barely studied but to pass high school; he carried guns, and deejayed in Miami within the ranks of Run-DMC and Luther Campbell, dodging bullets with the best of them; he witnessed “drug related homicides” at 12, losing a friend to gun violence; he witnessed his cousins stealing from their mother for crack – watching his neighborhood fall to addiction in the early 80s. How did he make it out? “I had five sisters – all older than me and they functioned as surrogate mothers,” he explained while on PBS’s The Tavis Smiley Show. “I had a grandmother that was really strong who doted on me, who wanted to make sure I didn’t go off the beaten path – even though I did, I didn’t want to disappoint my grandmother or my sisters in any major way.” Sports also played a role, not via a scholarship, but with the added incentive of keep-

ing up at least a 2.0 GPA, enabling him to play basketball, and subsequently allowing him to graduate. Hart said mentors were everywhere, but a supportive counselor in high school saw his potential and encouraged him to join the Air Force. “In the Air Force I served all my time overseas in Japan and England,” he shares. “Being in England was critical because it was an English speaking country with a social critique of the U.S., particularly regarding race issues. I had to go to England to learn about race relations in the U.S.” Empirical evidence points the longest finger at the discrimination that follows the failed War on Drugs, with the only winners in the war being law enforcement budgets and privatized prison profits, according to Hart, with poor neighborhoods suffering and wealthy ones seemingly left alone. Former U.S. Marshall and Drug Enforcement Agent (DEA) Matthew Fogg infamously appeared in a video clip produced by documentary filmmaker Robert Greenwald of Brave New Films, stating the wealthier demographics of most raids are purposefully avoided. “I started noticing that most of the time we were hitting urban areas,” Fogg explained. “I would ask, ‘Well, don’t they sell drugs in Springfield and places like that?’ Statistics show they use more drugs out there than anywhere. He said, ‘You know, if we start messing with them we’d be in real trouble – those are doctors and lawyers, they know people. If we start locking up their kids they’ll start jerking our chain.’ He said, ‘they are going to call us on that, they are going to start shutting us down, and there goes your overtime.’”

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OBAMA’S VISIT WAS LARGELY SYMBOLIC. YOU CAN’T EAT SYMBOLISM, NOR CAN YOU MAKE LOVE TO IT. WE HAVE HAD ENOUGH OF SYMBOLISM. IT’S TIME FOR SUBSTANCE.

One strong piece of evidence that the failed War on Drugs targets those less fortunate is the very law supporting the convictions of both crack cocaine and powdered cocaine. As a scientist, Hart says the two substances are the same, yet penalties are much harsher for crack, found in lower income neighborhoods. Tavis Smiley offered up the adage, “Crack on

the streets, cocaine in the suites.” A vast majority of arrests for crack cocaine involve African Americans, and Hart wisely theorizes that if a vast majority of cocaine users who look like members of congress started getting arrested for cocaine, the laws would change. “The law itself isn’t racist, the enforcement of the law is,” Hart continues. “If we place law enforcement in neighborhoods of color you are going to catch people committing crimes. I live in a relatively upscale neighborhood in New York. If you place law enforcement in my community, particularly when it’s time to take the kids to school, you’ll catch them breaking the law every time – they speed, they sell drugs, but they aren’t getting caught because law enforcement is not there.” The crux of the problem, Hart clarifies, is not in the drug use itself, or even in the manufacturing and selling of it. “In this country we are led to believe it’s the drugs that cause communities to be how they are. The vast majority of people who use crack cocaine – something like 80-90% of them - do so without any problems. They work, they pay taxes. So when you have this small percentage of people who have problems, you can’t blame the drugs.” So what’s the problem, you ask? Why the disparities between crack and coke? Why are there more black men behind bars for pot than white men? If it’s not the drugs, what is it? “As a scientist, you are asking me to think like an idiot,” Hart laughs at the ridiculous prospect of even trying to answer the question intelligently. The disparities are as glaring as the discrimination, from a scientific view point. “The War on Drugs has not failed. The U.S. would not have stayed with a policy for more than 40 years if it was a failure. The policy has been hugely successful because law enforcement has, and continues to, benefit handsomely. Each year we spend more than $25 billion in the effort and most of it goes to law enforcement.” The same can be said for the privatized prisons, prosecutors, and drug treatment providers, with Hart adding media, researchers, politicians, filmmakers, and even comedians to the mix of those benefiting from the war on drugs. “The only groups not benefiting are drug users – especially if they are black – and the people who love them,” Hart concludes. Currently the professor is on sabbatical from Columbia working on his second effort, a book on decriminalizing and managing drug

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use, rather than incarceration. Programs that register and manage heroin addiction have been running with great success in Germany, Switzerland, the Netherlands, Denmark, and the United Kingdom. With more than 20,000 people a year dying of opiate overdoses alone in the U.S. each year, something has to give. When asked if he feels President Obama’s recent visit to a privatized prison will make a difference in drug policy, he didn’t even have to think about it. “Emphatically, no,” he says. “This visit was largely symbolic. You can’t eat symbolism, nor can you make love to it. We have had enough of symbolism. It’s time for substance. It would be more beneficial – more substantial – if the president pushes for federal legislation decriminalizing the possession of all drugs, as they’ve done in Portugal and the Czech Republic. In this way, we would immediately decrease 1.2 million arrests each year – or the total amount of people who are arrested for simple possessing a drug.” While Hart feels some may be hopeful about President Obama’s recent visit to a Federal prison, and the subsequent release of approximately 6,000 nonviolent drug offenders, who had sentences reduced by an average of two years, he advises we still have a long way to go. “While this is a step in the right direction, I would remind people that we have more than 2.3 million of our citizens behind bars and that we already without this recent move - release more than 10,000 prisoners every week in this country. In short, the recent release of the 6,000 prisoners is a small – very small – step. Giant steps are needed.”

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CANNANEWS

WRITER•SHARON LETTS

CAMPAIGN ZERO Ending Police Violence in America BLACK LIVES MATTER, NOT A MOMENT, A MOVEMENT “Moving the hashtag to the streets”

HE CRUSADE to end police violence against people of color in America begins with statistics, or what Dr. Carl Hart refers to as, “Empirical evidence. More than one thousand people are killed by police every year in America,” he states, “Nearly 60 percent of victims did not have a gun, or were involved in activities that should not require police intervention, such as harmless ‘quality of life’ behaviors or mental health crisis.” Campaign Zero was launched by Black Lives Matter activists Samuel Sinyangwe, Brittany Packnett, DeRay McKesson and Johnetta Elzie. The organization’s website displays a graphic of the current 2015 calendar year, January through September, stating there has only been nine days that the police have not killed someone. The stats on police killings in other countries pale next to the U.S., with a reported 1,100 people killed at the hands of those enlisted to “Protect & Serve,” compared to six in Germany, two in the UK, six in Australia, and zero in Japan. Some ways to encourage transparency and accountability within law enforcement in your community:

SOME WAYS TO ENCOURAGE TRANSPARENCY AND ACCOUNTABILITY WITHIN LAW ENFORCEMENT IN YOUR COMMUNITY: End “broken windows policing,” for minor crimes or activities that can lead to overpolicing. Community oversight, where residents hold officers accountable via a civilian oversight structure. Establish standards for reporting police use of deadly force, revise and strengthen policies. Monitor how police use force and hold them accountable. Independent Investigations of police violence, and mandatory body cams. Community Representation: increase the number of officers who reflect the communities they serve. Training in interacting with communities that preserve life. End for Profit Policing via quotas for tickets and arrests, and end high-speed chases. Demilitarization, ending the war zone at civil protests. Fair Police Contracts, remove barriers to effective misconduct investigations, with civil oversight.

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The movement, spurned by often unexplained and harsh abuse of people of color by law enforcement, began after 17-year-old Trayvon Martin was killed by neighborhood patrolling volunteer, George Zimmerman. What began as an online connection-building forum by three women, Patrisse Cullors, Opal Tometi, and Alicia Garza, turned into a platform for empowerment. According to its website the three women wanted to “spark dialogue among black people, and to facilitate the types of connections necessary to encourage social action and engagement.” Co-founder Garza writes, “Black Lives Matter is an ideological and political intervention in a world where black lives are systematically and intentionally targeted for demise. It is an affirmation of black folks’ contributions to this society, our humanity, and our resilience in the face of deadly oppression.” The founders created the movement in an effort to “rebuild the Black liberation movement,” and reinstate the basic human rights and dignity so many blacks in this country are deprived of. It’s an acknowledgement that black poverty and genocide is a state violence, and that “one million black people are locked in cages in this country – one half of all people in prisons

or jails – is an act of state violence.” The list of “state violence” against blacks in America is a long one, and the organizers surmise, “#BlackLivesMatter doesn’t mean your life isn’t important – it means that black lives, which are seen as without value within white supremacy, are important to your liberation. Given the disproportionate impact state violence has on black lives, we understand that when black people in this country get free, the benefits will be wide reaching and transformative for society as a whole. When we are able to end hyper-criminalization and sexualization of black people and end the poverty, control, and surveillance of black people, every single person in this world has a better shot at getting and staying free. When black people get free, everybody gets free.” Funny man Ngaio Bealum has graced the stages of weed festivals and cannabis cups coast to coast, appearing in television shows, such as Doug Benson’s “Getting Doug with High,” “The Sarah Silverman Program,” and recording “Weed & Sex,” a comedic CD that needs no explanation.

and plenty of jokes to follow. “Working weed into my routine happened organically,” says Ngaio. “They tell you to talk about what you know. I know weed, and the history of weed, and what it’s like to lead a cannacentric lifestyle.” Though he’d like to see more of the African American community at cannabis events, he says it is happening slowly. “I just joined the Minority Cannabis Business Association. Our goal is to get more women and people of color involved in cannabusiness.” A common belief throughout the cannabis community is the feeling that the War on Drugs is actually a war on its people, and Bealum agrees. “The private prison industry is unconstitutional and un-American,” he says. “No one should make money from human suffering, and folks deprived of their freedom. Private prisons lead to more prohibitions and longer sentences – just to increase the bottom line – and that should be abhorrent to any right thinking person. Decriminalization [of cannabis] would go a long way toward decreasing the systemic racism and abuses of authority we have in this country.”

NGAIO BEALUM Comedian, Activist, Writer, Chronnisseur

KYNDRA MILLER Attorney, CannaBusiness Law, Inc.

The son of hippie parents, Bealum gathered a lifetime of comedic material growing up on the culturally diverse streets of San Francisco – but it wasn’t all fun and games. “ My neighborhood was racially mixed and pretty cool, but there were some ass hats,” he shares. “My sixth grade teacher told me, ‘nigger kids don’t belong in the gifted program,’ but overall I had a good time.” Bealum says while all black people are his role models, there have been a few white folks in the mix. “Langston Hughes, Sherlock Holmes, Fred Hampton, Lee Morgan, and Moms Mabley, come to mind.” Weed didn’t enter into the equation until college, with burning joints a favorite method of delivery

Kyndra Miller was born in Rochester, New York, but raised by a single mother in Palo Alto, California. A predominantly white community in the late 1970s and 80s, Miller says the climate of the Stanford University town was liberal and culturally diverse. “Growing up in a predominately white, financially wealthy neighborhood provided me with an opportunity to obtain a top-notch public education at the primary and secondary levels,” she explains. “It also gave me an academic advantage when I matriculated to the University of California, San Diego.” From a social perspective, Miller says all of her friends growing up were white. “I learned to love and trust people that looked

THESE AND OTHER RACIAL HEALTH DISPARITIES ARE NOT THE RESULT OF SOME UNIQUE DEFECT OF MELANIN CONTENT.

different from me at a very young age,” she continues. “In hindsight, I realize that this ability is why I’m successful today.” The only black role model Miller said she had was her mother, Deidre Miller. “This woman is fierce!” Miller shares. “She started a Ph.D. program in Clinical Psychology at the University of San Francisco as a single mom. She is my first love, my first BFF and my primary role model. My mother taught me to love all people regardless of race, gender, sexual orientation, or economic status. She set me up for success from the very beginning.” Miller began practicing law in Los Angeles in the entertainment industry, but soon moved into cannabis business law, with two offices, representing clients in Los Angeles and San Francisco. She’s been a patient out of necessity since a teenager. “My consumption was medicinal from the very beginning, as I faced some challenges with eating properly. Smoking cannabis works best for me, though I am excited to learn about alternative consumption methods, like vaporizing and eating edibles.” Miller’s activism to end the prohibition of the plant began in 2009, first with NORML, then the NORML Women’s Alliance (NWA). Since she grew up in a white demographic, she was undaunted by the predominately white cannabis community. The women’s groups are appearing to make more headway with minority communities, and Miller says the NWA’s logo features a woman of color. “I think the solution is rather simple. The more people of color that speak out publically about cannabis prohibition, and occupy seats in the board rooms and executive offices of cannabis businesses and organizations, the more we will see them participating in the industry,” Miller says. “I’ve seen more women and people of color participating in cannabis cups and rallies,

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but I wish there were more black speakers on the circuit. I’d like to see more successful black entrepreneurs – the fact that anyone can still count on one hand the number of ‘black’ cannabusinesses is just sad, but that’s true for most industries.”

DR. CARL HART Author, Professor & Neuropsychopharamacologist Columbia University, New York

Dr. Hart’s past was made public after penning his best-selling book High Price. Brought up by a single mother with eight kids in a predominantly black and poor south Florida neighborhood, Hart’s work includes personal stories from his past, with critics applauding him for his honesty. “I didn’t want young black men and women thinking they had to be perfect to get where I’m at, because I’m by no means perfect.” PBS Talk show host Tavis Smiley questioned the professor on his appearance, stating he would never guess by looking at him he was a professor at Columbia, to which Hart replied, “You have to be the best at what you do. If you aren’t the best, you aren’t getting away with it. I work at being the best that I can, in order to be myself.” Hart says his dreads are also a nod to the Rastafarian movement, where he explains he initially learned to question authority, something he’s grateful for now.

“If all the young brothers understood what dreadlocks were about, why we wear them – they would begin to think critically. Politics of respectability has done so much harm. There’s this notion that black people have to be so much better than white people. If we paid more attention to how black people think and not how they look, when faced with a potentially dangerous situation, they might have better people skills.” Smiley posed the question, “Why should people listen to you if you look like a drug dealer?” To which Hart replies, “I encourage people to be smart and think for themselves. I don’t feel the need to physically smack someone down for disagreeing with me, I’ll smack them intellectually.” The Black Lives Matter campaign, he says, brought up some valid albeit, painful realities. “The facts are black women can live three years less than white women; the difference between black and white men is nearly five years. In the United States, being black can be bad for your health. This is an inescapable fact, especially when you consider the following people and circumstances surrounding their deaths: Kathryn Johnston, Tarika Wilson, Trayvon Martin, Eric Gardner, Michael Brown, Tamir Rice, Walter Scott, and Freddie Gray. These and other racial health disparities are not the result of some unique defect of melanin content. They are the result of the racial discrimination that operates dayin and day-out, hour-by-hour, in this country.

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DRUG WAR FACTS sixth edition, by Douglas A. McVay

Cannabis activist, journalist, and executive director of the non-profit Common Sense for Drug Policy Doug McVay created the “Drug War Facts” website in 1998 in an effort to provide evidence from government and other accredited sources on the failed War on Drugs in the U.S. Its mission is to debunk myths and misinformation surrounding the failed policies plaguing its people for decades. It also advocates drug management policies rather than incarceration. According to drugwarfacts.org, “Black males had higher imprisonment rates across all age groups than all other races and Hispanic males. In the age range with the highest imprisonment rates for males (ages 25 to 39), black males were imprisoned at rates at least 2.5 times greater than Hispanic males and 6 times greater than white males. For males ages 18 to 19 - the age range with the greatest difference in imprisonment rates between whites and blacks - black males (1,092 inmates per 100,000 black males) were more than 9x more likely to be imprisoned than white males (115 inmates per 100,000 white males). The difference between black and white female inmates of the same age was smaller, but still substantial. Black females ages 18 to 19 (33 inmates per 100,000) were almost 5x more likely to be imprisoned than white females (7 inmates per 100,000).”

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CANNANEWS

WRITER•JESSICA ZIMMER DESIGN•BRANDON PALMA

TIPPED SCALES RACIAL DISPARITY WITHIN THE WAR ON DRUGS

OR DECADES America’s war on cannabis has disproportionately affected African Americans. Politicians, professors, law enforcement officers, and drug policy reform lobbyists agree that change will require the improvement of police practices, at least partial legalization for medical use, and the modification of laws and regulations regarding a wide variety of subjects like immigration, driving and voting privileges, child custody, employment, housing, student loans, and the sealing of criminal records. According to the American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU)’s 2013 report on cannabis enforcement, The War on Marijuana in Black and White, African Americans were 3.73x more than likely than whites to be arrested for cannabis possession. This is true even though both blacks and whites use cannabis at similar rates. The data that formed the basis for the report was collected between 2001 and 2010. Jon Gettman, Associate Professor of Criminal Justice at Shenandoah University who collected a considerable amount of the data, says a primary cause for the disparity in arrests is a style of policing called ‘broken windows’. It involves aggressively responding to small problems in a neighborhood to show that people care about the neighborhood,” Gettman explains. “The policing helps deter more serious crimes. If there’s a broken window and no one fixes that window, people will throw rocks

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and break other windows. The idea is that you create a more civil, more orderly community.” Gettman says across the country, law enforcement officers have “prioritized” areas for broken windows policing where members of the African American community live and work. “Marijuana possession arrests have no impact on the drug trade, and they’re a bad habit on the part of police officers,” he says. “Legalization removes the temptation to indulge in that bad habit, and will reduce tension, friction, and hostilities between police officers and residents of various communities.” Danielle Keane, political director of the National Organization for the Reform of Marijuana Laws (NORML), says legalization is key. “If people were not considered criminals for possessing cannabis, the police wouldn’t be in these neighborhoods.” She also suggests that retroactive expungement of criminal records, for individuals convicted of cannabis possession, should be adopted in states that have legalized the plant. This will ensure that these individuals will not be monitored by probation officers for cannabis-related offenses, or have cannabis possession used as a reason to deprive them of the custody of a child, OR have cannabis possession used to strip them of their voting and driving privileges. These individuals will also become more eligible for student loans, housing, and employment.”

WE NEED TO EXEMPLIFY BASIC PRINCIPLES. OUR POLICE DEPARTMENTS SHOULD BE BOTH REPRESENTATIVE OF THE COMMUNITIES THEY SERVE, AS WELL AS KNOW THE PEOPLE THEY SERVE.

She clarifies the organization’s intent stating, “NORML is based on huge, extensive grassroots networks throughout the country. We see how important it is to have these conversations about racial disparity.” In Florida, Michigan State Senator Vincent Gregory (D-District 11) says there is no question that legalization would reduce the number of arrests in the African American community, but despite this, some residents in those communities do not support legalization. Gregory served as a law enforcement officer in southeast Michigan for 29 years. He says it is important to remember that these communities have been “hit hard by drug use,” and explains, “There is a fear in communities that drug use may become even more prevalent if we legalize cannabis. Many ask ‘How is it going to help us?’” He suggests other steps that can be taken that include requiring law enforcement officers to issue warnings, instead of conducting arrests. Law enforcement officers can also be trained to form good relationships with residents and business owners. Maintaining ongoing conversations between proponents and opponents of legalization allow everyone to share concerns. Gregory is motivated by America’s shifting attitude toward legalization. Change has built bridges between Republicans and Democrats. In the past, Michigan Republicans were staunchly opposed to cannabis. Now numerous Republicans, including Michigan State Representative Michael Callton (R-District 87), support legislation to improve access and regulation of therapeutic cannabis. He suggests improving police practices may prove to be a greater challenge. Traditionally, law enforcement agencies are given great autonomy in terms of deciding what changes they will make. They are also given the power to decide how they will enforce local laws and regulations. Carlyle Holder, president of the National Association of Blacks in

Criminal Justice (NABCJ), shares some of Gregory’s views. The NABCJ is primarily composed of black professionals in the field of criminal justice. He lives in central Florida and served 27 ½ years with the Federal Bureau of Prisons of the U.S. Department of Justice.Holder says the NABCJ is opposed to legalization. “As long as people continue to be incarcerated for cannabis, I cannot even begin to consider the topic of legalization. The federal government, which trumps state law, hasn’t even made an attempt to address the legalization of cannabis.” Holder also says the NABCJ sees medicinally used cannabis as a different issue, one on which the organization has yet to formalize an opinion. “I think medical marijuana is a nexus to legalization.” In November 2016, Florida voters may again consider legalizing more strains of cannabis for therapeutic use other than just Charlotte’s Web. Holder says much of the “over-policing” of lower-class neighborhoods with regard to cannabis possession has to do with economics. “In middle-class communities, we see less enforcement. In higher-end communities, the residents will not let the police patrol and harass them.” He explains that changing the quality of life in lower-class urban neighborhoods will reduce the number of cannabis possession arrests. “In these neighborhoods, black men from the ages of 18 to 24 are on the street, because there’s nothing else for them to do. Schools in these areas are underfunded. America has to make a massive investment in these neighborhoods.” He also suggests police practices need to improve, and that they should implement the recommendations of The Final Report on The President’s Task Force on 21st Century Policing. This document, published in May 2015, sets out recommendations for law enforcement agencies organized around six main topics: Building Trust and Legitimacy, Policy and Oversight, Technology and Social dopemagazine.com ISSUE 19 THE PAST TO PRESENT ISSUE

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Media, Community Policing and Crime Reduction, Officer Training and Education, and Officer Safety and Wellness. “We don’t want police departments like the one in Ferguson; the lack of diversity in that department was clearly a recipe for disaster. We need to exemplify basic principles. Our police departments should be both representative of the communities they serve, as well as know the people they serve,” says Holder. “We want the law to be fairly and consistently applied. The quality of justice should be equal across the board.” New York City, which in the past three decades was notorious for having disproportionately high numbers for Black and Latino cannabis possession arrests, is seeing change because of Mayor Bill de Blasio’s 2014 decriminalization of possession. In November 2014, De Blasio began requiring police officers to issue a person in possession of 25 grams or less of cannabis a summons, rather than arrest them, provided the person has no warrant and has identification. The number of misdemeanor cannabis possession arrests dropped from 7,110 between January and March 2014 to 2,960 between January and March 2015. Unfortunately, the racial disparity for possession arrests has persisted. In the first quarter of 2015, the statistics for arrests were as follows: 1,494 Blacks (50.47% of the total); 1,130 Latinos (38.18 percent of the total); and 228 Whites (7.70 percent of the total). Kassandra Frederique, New York policy manager for the Drug Policy Alliance (DPA), a national nonprofit organization that supports drug policy reform says “We can’t just move arrests to tickets and think that the problem will be addressed.” Frederique points out that New York City

police officers have a history of not obeying directives related to arrests in Black and Latino communities and comments that “Creating different accountability structures for law enforcement is essential.” She also says it is important for Black and Latino communities to discuss how to monitor law enforcement officers. The DPA’s long-range goal is to see cannabis legalized at the state level, “with an economic justice perspective.” The organization has lobbied for The Fairness and Equity Act, a comprehensive piece of legislation that will change many ways that New York State treats individuals with cannabis possession convictions. “People remain incarcerated for past cannabis possession offenses. They are not able to get public housing. They can lose custody of their children. They are denied certain statuses as immigrants. They can’t pass employment security checks. They are denied student loans,” she explains.“Republicans in the New York State Senate are [being] really dense about this issue. They have not been interested in acknowledging the impact of cannabis-related arrests, especially on young people. If we don’t deal with the past and change the laws, we will not be acknowledging the impact that cannabis prohibition has had on people of color,” says Frederique. Alyssa Aguilera, political director of Vocal NY, a nonprofit organization that does community organizing in low-income neighborhoods in New York City, says her organization has partnered with the DPA to advocate for legalization and The Fairness and Equity Act. “The end goal is to end the war on cannabis so no one is arrested for having small amounts for personal use,” Aguilera says. “In the meantime, we are making ef-

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forts to [encourage] the de-prioritization of those arrests. In a lot of places, cannabis possession means a ticket, or fine, or summons rather than being pulled through the entire criminal justice system.” Aguilera suggests changing police practices will help with lowering the number of African and Latino arrests. “Still, I think there’s a lot of animosity and distrust; it will take time to repair relationships. The police are literally in watchtowers over communities, and they still engage in aggressive behavior.”

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ROAD TRIP

WRITER•SHARON LETTS

VIRTUAL ROAD TRIP: Garden City, Kansas The Shon a Banda Story LTHOUGH seventy percent of residents in the mid-western State of Kansas support cannabis as medicine, two bills presented this past year still failed to win approval in the state’s legislative session. The Marijuana Policy Project (MMP) calls Kansas’ cannabis laws “Draconian,” with the smallest spec of pot landing its residents in jail for up to a year with a thousand dollar fine. A second offense with another crumb and you could face felony charges and up to three years in the pen, drained of one hundred thousand dollars in fines. According to the Rand Corporation, studies have found harsh penalties do not reduce drug usage, and all the money in the world thrown at the miserably failed War on Drugs won’t deter humans from partaking. What if you are in an illegal state such as Kansas, though, and you have been enlightened to plant-based medicines, specifically cannabis, where other traditional meds have failed? What if it was the

only thing that helped? Would you do it anyway? A recent interview with rocker Melissa Etheridge (Dope Magazine, October 2015) found the artist’s only hesitancy in using cannabis for cancer symptoms was the fear of losing her children. Even though she was in a legal state to do so, the real fear was there. She had heard the horror stories of Child Protective Services taking children away from legitimate patients in legal states, let alone states like Kansas. “That part was scary,” Etheridge said. “I was being helped by this plant, and I was in a legal state, but I still had that fear that they could come and take my kids.” Kansas born Shona Banda was diagnosed with Crohn’s Disease in 2002. Also suffering from autoimmune deficiency, she said took every medication they gave her. When the meds stopped working, she tried another, then another, until multiple gastrointestinal surgeries became her only option.

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According to the Crohn’s & Colitis Foundation of America, there is no known cause of the chronic ailment that affects more than 700,000 Americans between the ages of 15 and 35. While family history plays a part in contracting Crohn’s, environment and diet seem to also play a role, with it appearing most frequently in developed countries. Similar to Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS), Crohn’s suffers present with persistent diarrhea, rectal bleeding, urgent needs for bowel movements, abdominal cramps and pain, sensations of incomplete evacuation, and constipation (obstruction). Daily symptoms can include fever, loss of appetite, weight loss, fatigue, night sweats, and the loss of a normal menstrual cycle. While diet and stress can aggravate symptoms, irritants are not thought to be the cause of the disease. Crohn’s appears to weaken the immune system, with the patient unable to fight off the mildest of inflammation and infections. A cocktail of prescription meds is often needed to quell myriad symptoms. The good news is cannabis helps. In a placebo-controlled study, published by the American Gastroenterological Association, researchers found patients who were administered cannabis (via smoking only) went into “complete remission” from all symptoms of Crohn’s disease. Three patients were weaned from steroid dependency, with all reporting improved appetite and sleep, and no significant side effects. Numerous patients are now on the green

THEN BANDA’S HUSBAND BEGGED HER TO TRY CANNABIS, AND THE CHILDREN SAW HER BEING HELPED BY A PLANT THEY WERE ALL TOLD WAS DANGEROUS.

train of wellness, traveling to legal states for healing. Many stay in their home states however, preferring to be surrounding by family, and taking their chances with persecution if caught. Shona Banda tried to stay put initially, but the plant material in her home state was not inspiring, to say the least. “When I first started to smoke for pain it was around 2003,” Banda shares. “Finding cannabis was hard at times, however, even ten years ago it was possible. Everyone knows someone, no matter the geographical location you live in. The quality wasn’t always great, but I had been in pain for so long I was praying for sleep or death at that point.” Her two kids watched her go through eleven surgeries in seven years. At one point she was taking 52 pills a day, including Remicade, at a cost of one thousand dollars a month. The lengthy warning list on the FDA approved drug states a possible side effect of “spontaneous pneumothorax,” or partial lung collapse, which sent Banda to the hospital for nearly two months. Most of her kid’s young lives were spent watching their mom suffer greatly. Then Banda’s husband begged her to try cannabis, and the children saw he being helped by a plant they were all told was dangerous. “I was a D.A.R.E. child and would have nothing to do with it,” she explained. “One day I was puking in the toilet and my husband was holding my hair back for me, saying he had brought me a joint to smoke. He pleaded with me to understand that this helped cancer patients, and if I had those same symptoms I should

About that same time the feel the same relief.” Stanley brothers were growing Banda said she reluctantly what would become Charlotte’s took the offer out of sheer desperation, and as the pain left Web, a CBD strain used to make oil for kids with epilepsy, her body after just smoking a but Banda was just slightly small amount, she literally fell ahead of her time. to the ground sobbing in relief, Her husband’s infidelity and disbelief. and subsequent separation had “Cannabis had taken my Banda struggling to survive pain away better than anything in the high priced state, and I had ever been given by a she was forced to pack up and physician,” she explained with go back home to Garden City, enthusiasm. “It was like finding Kansas. out Santa was not real as an “I just want to survive, I adult. This green cigarette had want to provide, and I want to done so much for my cramping grow and live with my children,” and pain, my thoughts were she says. “That is no crime. spinning in my head as I That is sheer will. That is what realized I had been lied to my love is, to do whatever it takes entire life. This was the best to stay alive and provide for thing for me and it was illegal.” your children. The only crime Soon she was vaporizing here was forcefully taking a to get cleaner medicine into child from his mother. her weakened lungs, and began The story in the media making medicine via oil to said that her 11 year-old-son ingest, putting her condition spoke up during a D.A.R.E. into complete remission. event or anti-drug rally at “I had seen the movie, Run school. The truth is it was from the Cure, and I knew I a mock counseling session needed to eat this in a pill, just involving the entire class with like real medication.” many different topics. Her Run from the Cure is Rick son’s responses were directed Simpson’s story - re-creator at teaching the counselor why of the strong cannabis oil that his mother did not believe puts cancer and other serious “marijuana” was bad. He also let ailments into remission (Dope, the counselor know that in the July 2015). family home they referred to In 2010 she penned the plant as “cannabis.” Live Free or Die detailing her It was a bold move by struggles and how cannabis a naive child to defend his helped her with Crohn’s mother, her health, and her disease. She and husband medicine. What followed was moved the family to Colorado, anything but civil. Her son and Banda soon became an was taken from the class, Child advocate for legalization. An Protective Services (CPS) was association with Rick Simpson called, and he was questioned and the Phoenix Tears extensively by the Garden City Foundation began, and Banda Police Department about the worked on the second version processes of medicating. The of his story with Run from the only problem was the substance Cure II. was not considered to be “My oil was the first ever medicine by the interrogators, tested for CBD in Colorado, and his mother was being and I have been the only oil accused of being a dealer, not maker Rick Simpson himself the healer she was. has ever endorsed,” she shares. Banda says that what “However, while there, no one was interested in CBD only oil.” became an “interrogation” of dopemagazine.com ISSUE 19 THE PAST TO PRESENT ISSUE

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her son without her or the father’s knowledge by the Garden City Police Department was leaked to the press by the department itself. “It would not be farfetched of me to say that law enforcement will lie,” she continues. “It would not be farfetched of me to say that law enforcement in Garden City acts routinely in favor of the State, or as in my particular case, they were simply ‘enforcing law.’ We do not see civil servants; we do not see protectors of oath.” “To Protect & Serve” was thrown out the proverbial window as her son was taken from her and her medicine was confiscated. Banda was put in jail with bail set at $50,000, the State of Kansas moved forward with criminal charges of “manufacturing, distributing and processing marijuana,” and her parenting skills became in question. Banda says the “blatant police force on

behalf of the state has become rampant across the nation,” and she hopes her case will bring some much needed attention to the more human side of medicating with cannabis for severe illness. The report derived from the interrogation of the child claimed he was subjected to abuse and neglect in the home by having to watch people process or trim cannabis, his mother and others using it as medicine, and having to observe the making of the medicine. In the context of Kansas law, where fines and jail time are levied for having a seed in your pocket lining, perspectives on cannabis healing get a bit muddled. Hope came via the receipt of a Child In Need of Care (CINC) request September 30th, with charges being dismissed and the minor child returning to his mother’s care. The state’s criminal preliminary hearing is now set for November 17th of this year, with politician Ron Paul defending Banda on the Ron Paul Institute’s website, stating “If there ever was a ‘poster child’ for the absurdity of the drug war, the case of Shona Banda must be it.” Looking at upwards of thirty years in prison for pot in the Draconian State of Kansas, Banda is countering with attorney Matt Pappas, filing a federal suit against everyone involved in the questioning of her son or in taking him away, and those who chastised her for “manufacturing and processing” the good medicine that saved her life. Those named in the suit are, the State of Kansas; Govenor Sam Brownback; Kansas Department of Children and Families

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Department (KDCFD); Phyllis Gilmore (KDCFD); Garden City Police Department (GDPD); James R. Hawkins (GDPD); Garden City USD 457 (GC Unified School District); Tyler Stubenhoffer (GCUSD); “DOES 1 to 10 (defendants not yet named). Among the many infractions Banda is siting as a parent, is the fundamental right to make parenting decisions even when the court may be forced to disagree based on State law, citing Troxel (530 U.S. at 65, 72-73) “… Due Process Clause does not permit a state to infringe on a fit parent’s fundamental right to make child rearing decisions simply because a court disagrees with the parent or believes a better decision could be made.” (Rogers v. Rogers, 2007 WI App 50, 300 Wis.2d 532, 731 N.W.2d 347 ¶ 18.) For this writer, whose work focuses on cannabis medicine and healing, it’s painful to watch legitimate patients getting lifesaving help from cannabis in illegal states, only to become persecuted for finding relief where traditional treatments have failed them. Cannabis is now believed by many to be the most proactive medicine anyone can use today, and Banda’s message that self-taught knowledge is crucial to being healed is more relevant than ever. On a personal note, after doing away with breast cancer and ten prescription meds for multiple thyroid disease and menopausal symptoms, would I – could I - ever live in an illegal state? Realistically, I could, as the medicine is there. Would I be taking a chance of being persecuted for my good medicine? Yes, I would, as many are. “Cannabis is the safest, most non-toxic substance on the planet, period,” Banda says emphatically. “It puts cancer into remission, cures disease and illness and stops pain. It’s an essential nutrient for the human body and our endocannabinoid system – it is food. All plants have cannabinoids or CBD-type compounds, it just so happens that in cannabis they are most abundant. We just need to let our people grow. Live free always!”

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FFENSIVE CHEMICALS, synthetic fertilizers and

additives to promote specific types of growth neatly lining shelves along walls lit by adjacent high pressure sodium lights. The constant low din of the lights, paired with unnatural and inorganic smells circulated around by oscillating fans, certainly made for a distinctly scientific vibe. This is a common sight and experience at indoor cultivation facilities where Myclobutanil, Spiromesifen and Abamectin replace Neem oil, Rosemary and Chrysanthemums. Cannabis is in high demand, obviously, both medically and now recreationally. People in the more progressive states are now enjoying the freedom to choose to use cannabis without fear of arrest. It may not yet be as widely accepted as alcohol, but statistically speaking, it is well on the way. Cannabis just outpaced alcohol for tax revenue generation in Colorado. Meeting this demand means production, and a lot of it. Indoor cannabis cultivation facilities are growing, some rivaling large indoor produce farms. This level of production means and equal level of pest infestation or disease manifestation when one does happen. When the stakes are just as high as the investment, farmers will go the extra mile to save the precious crop. This is where the above named chemicals come in; these products may contain or cure the issue, but at what cost? Are these products safe to use on cannabis plants which are ultimately destined for human consumption? Often times the answer is no, these chemicals are all used off label in the fight against spider mites and powdery mildew. There are no approved pesticides or fungicides for the cannabis plant. The reason being that the federal government is the regulatory body for pest and herbicides; they are also responsible for the continuation of a failed prohibition. Not only is off label use technically illegal, it is dangerous. Research shows, as well as the product MSDS sheets that exposure to ornamental plant protection products is not safe and causes external and internal damage. The Oregonian recently brought this concern to the public’s attention, doing a service to cannabis consumers across the state and possibly abroad. Their ongoing reporting has shown that harsh and sometimes toxic chemical residues used during cultivation remain on the flower long after harvest and curing. These residues are intensified when condensed down in concentrates. The State of Oregon Health Authority responded with a letter to all registered Oregon Medical Marijuana Program (OMMP) growers about the dangers, and basic implications, of using pesticides and herbicides ‘off label’. “The label is the law,” it boldly states, now a large number of cannabis gardeners are left in a bind, seeking a way to grow without using products that will render their final product unsellable in the legal market. The solution? Grow organically, sustainably, responsibly and with good intent. Clean Green is a company founded by Chris Van Hook. This certification program is modeled from international sustainable, organic and bio-dynamic standards and practices that provide a framework for Organic cannabis certifications that are comparable to USDA and Oregon Tilth accreditations. This company is setting a standard that deserves recognition by law makers and lobbyists alike. John Bayes, (@GreenBodhi) owner of Calyxes, a southwest Portland cannabis dispensary, is the Oregon state Clean Green certification inspector. Practicing what he prescribes, he holds those he awards approval certifications to, to a higher set of standards that exceed

what the USDA would. “If it isn’t OMRI listed, don’t use it,” is the first piece of advice he gives when it comes to growing cannabis organically, referring to nutrients and mediums. The Green Bodhi teaches a technique he describes as ‘Intentional horticulture’. Guiding a pupil into organic gardening, he begins with the building of biologically active soil mediums rich in mycorrhizae, beneficial bacteria and other vital microbiological life that gives life to the plant growing in the soil. The process of gaining a Clean Green certification is difficult, as anything worth something is. When performing the tasks of inspecting an Oregon cannabis garden, John inspects everything. From seed germination stations to post-harvest processing areas, he collects samples of soil and other products for testing. Soil and product screening is a broad spectrum pesticide analysis that tests for over 300 chemical compositions. An entire home garden or cultivation facility can be inspected and certified for Clean Green status; currently the only nationally recognized third party organic certification for cannabis. Inspectors also perform a legal compliance review as part of cultivation practices inspections to ensure proper compliance with all state rules and regulations, ultimately preventing fines, fees or even worse. For the growers who see nothing wrong with using synthetic fertilizers, Van Hook has also developed the “Best Practices” certification. This program allows for the limited, responsible and considerate use of approved synthetic products and practices. These growers must also participate in what is known as a ‘carbon footprint reduction procedure’, yearly inspections and legal preparations. The demand for Clean Green certified practices and products is growing steadily, and once people learn of the certification, they want to know more. This certification is equally important to the certified Organic labelling on food products, large and well known farms and companies have chosen to make a clean green commitment and redesign their practices to fit the model. California’s largest dispensary Harborside Health center is a clean green certified processor/handler, and will also be opening in Oregon. Oregon’s Sofresh and Ideal farms are clean green certified cultivation operations, and their flower ranks among the top in the state. Ed Rosenthal’s Zero tolerance pest control products are also clean green certified, created by the grow guru himself. The need for organic, sustainable and responsible cannabis cultivation and processing practices is going to continue to grow. Be motivated to help create positive change in the cannabis industry, because getting ahead of the curve is the best bet for any Oregon grower, even those outside of Oregon.

To find out more about the clean green certification program visit www.cleangreencert.com and be sure to check out @GreenBodhi at www.greenbodhi.org. dopemagazine.com ISSUE 19 THE PAST TO PRESENT ISSUE

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DO #BLACKLIVESMATTER IN THE CANNABIS LEGALIZATION MOVEMENT?

“IT’S NO SECRET THAT TOBACCO AND ALCOHOL BOTH KILL, SO PUTTING BLACK LIVES IN A CAGE FOR A HARMLESS,AND EVEN BENEFICIAL SUBSTANCE WAS NOT OK WITH ME.” 74

’m black, so obviously I support this concept that my life matters too. I also grew up in the suburbs of South Jersey, in a twoparent middle class home. Many activists start their activism in handcuffs, and I was no different. I officially entered the cannabis legalization movement on November 24, 1997. On that day I was arrested in Bellmawr, New Jersey, by the Camden County drug task force for ‘possession of marijuana with intent to distribute’ when a 40-pound package was delivered by Fed-Ex. That cold steel around your wrists for cannabis - it makes people want to change shit. So I’m not apologetic that my activism started in earnest after I was arrested. What really motivated me was that I felt my life mattered; my life was important to me and my family. I didn’t want my life to be ruined by the War on Drugs, as it had already happened to so many of my friends. From the very beginning I publicly fought my case. Always a history lover, I know the War on Drugs was created mainly through racism. I know who Harry Anslinger is and that the Marihuana Tax Act of 1937 was another form of legal Jim Crowism, but when I included the racist aspects of the War on Drugs in my public marijuana legalization activism I got massive pushback

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from members of the mainstream cannabis legalization movement. I was told “we’re all green,”but then was constantly asked why I had to bring race into it—why can’t it just be a bad War on Drugs rather than a racist War on Drugs, as I referred to it. The truth hurt some; they didn’t want to hear it, or champion it—denial became normal. The statistics are familiar: 70% of all cannabis arrestees are people ovf color. I know we were treated as chattel for the new age concrete plantation system (prison), but it seemed to me that this huge statistic didn’t matter. At that time the cannabis movement had its focus on medical marijuana; to them gay AIDS patients’ lives mattered, and that agenda successfully got us medical marijuana. Again, I’ve always included the racial aspect of the War on Drugs as part of my legalization agenda, which hasn’t earned me many THC brownie points. I was called a “loose cannon” and a “radical with a militant nonconformist mentality” because I always thought #blacklivesmattered. I also know substances controlled by whites are legal—e.g., tobacco, alcohol—and then there are the legal pharmaceuticals, but the substances that were historically “controlled” by people of color were made illegal by our

WRITER •ED FORCHION

all-white Congress. It’s no secret that tobacco and alcohol kill, so putting black lives in a cage for a harmless, and even beneficial substance was not OK with me. I felt my life and all black lives mattered! In the last three years, basically since the murder of Trayvon Martin and acquittal of George Zimmerman, there’s been a movement to highlight the different treatment black males receive in American society today. After the “murder” of Michael Brown in the city of Ferguson, Missouri, and the St. Louis County Prosecutor’s Office’s fraudulent presentation of facts to the grand jury, the #blacklivesmatter hashtag and movement officially began. Now my whole life I’ve noticed it, I’ve been a victim of it, and I’ve watched my friends and family members become victims of it as well. My cannabis legalization efforts have always focused on black lives mattering. Admittedly, while I was in Riverfront State Prison (Camden, NJ) from December 2000 to April 2002, I met several white

guys arrested for cannabis. I consider them white collateral damage in the racist War on Drugs, whether it’s overzealous police shootings or robust drug law enforcement. I know for a fact white people become victims of the system too, but not at the rate that blacks do, because the SHITSTEM doesn’t think our lives matter! There are numerous cannabis legalization organizations around the country, but very rarely do they dwell on the black lives that are disproportionately destroyed by unjust marijuana laws. I will always be a black man in America with a black life that matters. before I am a cannabis activist, and the reality of the situation is that in this country, race matters. There is institutional racism and some just don’t notice it at all, whereas its victims can’t seem to get away from it. So many times the majority institutions in this country rely on institutional racism and the status quo. A culture of fear exists on all sides, and it’s fanning the flames of this

nationwide conflagration of violence that is consuming individuals and the communities as it ravages society. The reality is that in this country race matters. The cannabis legalization movement should embrace the Black Lives Matter movement, and embracing this doesn’t mean excluding others, and it doesn’t mean that other lives are less important. When I first saw the #blacklivesmatter hashtag, I thought they made one mistake: They should’ve said, “Black Lives Matter Too.” While many can ignore or be ignorant to institutional racism and white priveledge, its victims seldom have the same choice. New Jersey Weedman #blacklivesmatter #njweedmanv

Njweedman is a long-time marijuana legalization activist, a First Amendment activist, an advocate of jury nullification, as well as an ex-prisoner/political prisoner. Previously he had been the owner of a cannabis dispensary in Los Angeles, before the DEA raided his operation in 2011. Out of 800 dispensaries operating legally in the city at the time, about twenty were black owned, and by 2012 DEA raids had put most out of business. He is currently a columnist at The Trentonian newspaper in Trenton, NJ, where he also operates a restaurant and cannabis temple—NJWeedman’s Joint and the Liberty Bell Temple III. ® www.njweedmansjoint.com. dopemagazine.com ISSUE 19 THE PAST TO PRESENT ISSUE

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OREGON REC SALES FIRST DAY RECAP CTOBER 1ST has finally come and gone with Oregon at last allowing recreational users to purchase cannabis, legally, safely, and without taxes (for the first three months)! Recreational users were ridankulously excited for the terpenes that awaited them! Many dispensaries saw a huge influx of sales, with many of Oregon’s 300,000+ recreational users showing their support. Early lines began forming well into the night in anticipation of the stores opening the following day. Many let patients step to the front of the line, or had separate lines and areas for patients. While some stores were giving steep discounts for the first day of sales, other stores quickly raised their prices, with some reporting prices as steep as $20 per gram. It became clear early in the day that shopping around was well worth the effort. The General Manager of Next Level Wellness, Caroline Means, near the campus of Oregon State University reported her sales were steady from the beginning, as she let patients go first in line. “On the first day we had a line out the door, we’ve consistently been busy. It’s been great, we’ve been extremely busy!” Cannacea is one of the newest and biggest dispensaries in town, and their opening landed on the first day of early sales. With promotions for their grand opening combining with the first day of legal sales, Tisha Siler, the CEO of Cannacea reported, “Opening day of recreational sales was a huge success. The people waiting in line, both OMMP and recreational, some since midnight and ranging in age from 21 to 80, were truly inspiring! People showed up from all over, from Alaska to Florida, but the sheer joy and appreciation expressed from the citizens of Oregon celebrating their new-found right was unmatched, and they have our sincerest gratitude!” Troy Moore is the managing owner of Oregon’s Finest, whose current location in the Pearl District is a success. “We’ve had a line of twenty people since Thursday, on the first day it was down around the block. We can barely get our employees breaks. It’s fun, exciting, and definitely unexpected! I think that most of us who were prepared, weren’t, it was a definite

shock.” Their location on Martin Luther King Boulevard opened to medical patients on October 1st, and recreational users on the 5th, and is experiencing a good start as well. In Eugene, things were exciting too. Jim Murphy, a Partner within TJ’s Organics, a Eugene dispensary said, “We had ten times our normal sales! We opened at midnight to a line, and had a line all day, with no breaks. All patients were moved to the front of the line. Everybody was upbeat to celebrate their freedom and it was awesome!” Rosa Cazares, Vice President of La Mota, who has 5 stores around Oregon commented saying, “La Mota is very honored to be a huge part of this historical event. We have worked diligently and persistently to achieve this goal. It was everything we expected and more. All of our locations throughout Oregon had an amazing turnout. We have seen thousands of new faces throughout this weekend.” Even smaller dispensaries around Portland reported success. One Draw Two, a NE Portland dispensary, ran 15% off specials for both patients and recreational users alike. “We were slammed on October 1st and business has really picked up, so we’ve been very consistent. Recreational users have really increased our sales. It really helped balance things out for us.” Frankie Wallace who owns another smaller Portland dispensary, Gram Central Station (formerly Cascade Alternative), also reported the recreational sales really bolstering their numbers. “The thing that we enjoyed the most about the 1st was all of the different types of people coming in, from all walks of life, and the freedom that they were experiencing. It was just really cool to be a part of it.” Recreational users are excited to finally have the same safe access that patients have been enjoying for years, and business owners are happy to oblige! After much wait and anticipation, all agree that Oregon can now call its first week of recreational sales and newfound freedoms a huge success!

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WRITER•LINDSEY RINEHART

PEOPLE SHOWED UP FROM ALL OVER, FROM ALASKA TO FLORIDA, BUT THE SHEER JOY AND APPRECIATION EXPRESSED FROM THE CITIZENS OF OREGON CELEBRATING THEIR NEWFOUND RIGHT WAS UNMATCHED, AND THEY HAVE OUR SINCEREST GRATITUDE!

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TESTING

WRITERâ&#x20AC;˘

Research and Development a vital step to ensure quality product develo pment HROWING CANNABIS leaf or flower in crock pot, adding some butter and randomly cooking it is no longer a sustainable business model. We are now entering a regulated cannabis market that will require consistency and reproducibility. As the cannabis industry continues to mature, Research and Development (R&D) will become even more important for new cannabis businesses or for the current cannabis businesses that wants to survive the changing market. Sending your final product off for potency testing and calling that R&D will no longer suffice for a successful business model. R&D is a combination of innovation and production. Innovation is creating a product and production is making it on a large scale with consistency. It is important to know how to make a product before one can make it better. R&D can assist with the development of a new process or product, as well as improving an existing process or product. It is not only a means for achieving a sustainable and consistent product, but it also assists in ensuring that oneâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s product remains relevant as the market shifts and changes. R&D is a multi-step process that takes time. This process begins with coming up with an idea, focusing it, and starting to develop it. Once the idea is developed then trials and prototypes are created. Lastly, one should assess the regulatory, marketing, and product development activities before the final launch. There are three general types of R&D: 1) Basic Research 2) Applied Research and 3) Development. These types of R&D are part of the overall process and are integral in having a successful end result. The goal of basic research is to understand the subject matter completely. This is performed through documentation and the gathering of information and data. While it may not have much practical or commercial application, it is the start for better understanding ones idea and all the components involved. For example, a canna-butter processorâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s basic research might include learning about plant material and how it may interact with fats in butter. It might also

entail testing the raw materials used in the process to better understand the basics of the ingredients. Applied research is focused on specific objectives and is used to determine methods or processes to address a specific need. For example, the above processor might analyze different ratios of raw materials to butter through multiple analyses. To develop ones applied research

IT IS IMPORTANT TO REMEMBER THAT MAKING A SAMPLE AND TESTING THE END RESULT MAY NOT BE A PRODUCTIVE OR EFFICIENT APPROACH TO R&D.

plan important factors affecting the outcome of the desired end product would also be analyzed and recorded. In the case of the canna-butter processor, they may assess and document different variables such as heat, cooking time, homogenization, and various ingredients. Then

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they would analyze how each variable might interact with one another and potentially affect the outcome of the desired product. Development is when the findings of research are used to produce a product or a process. This step creates prototypes. For example, the canna-butter company might take all the information collected from their applied research analyses and calculate what their expected final values should be based on their process. Utilizing the information collected from their applied research would assist in calculating how much and what type of raw materials are needed to achieve the desired goal. The company would also understand which of the ingredients and what variations found in those ingredients may have a direct or indirect effect on the desired goal. Once the prototype has been developed and the end results are not what one had anticipated, the process would be modified and performed again until the end goal is reached. After the end goal is reached, the process and prototype would be repeated to ensure that there is reproducibility in the prototype. Reproducibility occurs when a process can be duplicated and the same outcome will be achieved over and over, ideally by someone who is not the person who originally performed the process and developed the prototype. It is important to remember that making a sample and testing the end result may not be a productive or efficient approach to R&D. In order to create a successful product, such as canna-butter that can be continually created with uniformity and reproducibility, a systematic approach must be utilized. Assessing the advantages and disadvantages and understanding how and why the ingredients work together, as well as the steps involved in creating a consistent end product, will only assist one in a successful outcome and a business that can survive the changing times.

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UNDER THE LUNAR ECLIPSE

DOPE CUP PEOPLE’S CHOICE AWARD OPE MAGAZINE was proud to award this stunning trophy and matching original piece to the People’s Choice Award Winner, Chalice Farms, for their Mango Kuvsh at the 2015 Oregon DOPE Cup. The Mary Jane’s House of Glass crew came together with five talented local glass artists to complete this stunning example of artist collaboration over a full two days. The UV reactive piece features Goliath Glass horns, Taylor Lore and Gus Glass marbles, a Bowman Glass body figure, and a Hurley Glass DOPE Cup. This immaculate art was created under the blood moon, with each glass artist working in sync to create an award that is the definition truly dope.

We’d like to officially thank Mary Jane’s House of Glass for giving us this opportunity to share the experience with the competitors of the 2015 Oregon Dope Cup and this November issue of Dope Magazine. The trophy will be displayed at the newest Chalice Farms location by early next year. @hurleyglass @bowmanglass @ goliathglass87 @gusglassdragons ® Taylor Lore on Facebook

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and we can have the perfect Case for you, or the friend on your gift list.” No two Cases are exactly alike from the 400 models they’ve created over the last three years. Most Cases range from $500-900, and the purchase also secures a one-year warranty. The rechargeable lithium-ion based batteries last up to 24 hours, every system can be linked to a smart phone, and there is a 3.5mm cable included for auxiliary connections. Design your own Case and wow the socks off your community at ® any event.

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CANNANEWS

HISTORY OF CANNABIS

MANY CANNABIS enthusiasts know the plant has been safely and therapeutically used for thousands of years as medicine, recreation, fiber, and food. Some of its uses may surprise, and some of the laws surrounding its past may just shock you! Outlined here is a brief history of cannabis from ancient times to early prohibition in America. When the history of the plant is examined it becomes quite clear humans have loved cannabis for a very, very long time. How many thousands of years has cannabis been used? At least 10,000 years! Hemp cord and pottery dating back to 8,000 BCE was first identified in an ancient village where modern day Taiwan now exists.

The first use of medical use of cannabis documented for child birth came out of Jerusalem in 300.

In 1213 the Egyptians used cannabis for menstrual pain, vision, administering enemas, and inflammation. Cannabis pollen was found on the mummy of Ramesses II from the same time.

6000 is the earliest record of cannabis being used as a food. Hemp rope also first appeared in Russia back in 600 BCE.

The Venidad, a volume of the ancient Persian religious text ZendAvesta, proclaimed in the year 700 that cannabis was one of the most important 10,000 medicinal plants, and it mentions bhang. In 2737 it’s recorded that the first medical use of cannabis was by Emperor Shen Neng in China.

India’s first documented use is in the sacred text of Atharvaveda in 2,000-800 was as “Sacred Grass,” a medicinal and ritualistic offering.

In 1500 China cultivated cannabis for food and fiber, and the Scythians made hemp cloth.

In India, year 1000, the first documented use of Bhang was recorded, a drink of cannabis and milk used as an anti-phlegmatic and anesthetic.

WRITER •LINDSEY RINEHART

The nomadic Scythian tribes have heavily documented use of cannabis from 1500 forward. The tribes even began leaving it as offerings in royal tombs, signifying its value to the culture, from 300-700. Their tribes traveled over much of Europe, bringing hemp with them.

Around 5-600, the Jewish book, the Talmud mentions euphoric properties being present in cannabis.

Cannabis first journeyed to Iceland with the Vikings in 850, and in 1000 Hemp rope became common on Italian ships.

In the early 1200’s the Europeans had become very comfortable with their hash use and it spread throughout.

he discovery of Ethiopian pipes containing cannabis dating back to 1300, suggests that cannabis use had spread from Europe to Africa.

In 1533 King Henry VIII declared it illegal NOT to grow cannabis, and he issued fines to farmers for not growing industrial hemp!

In 100 CE (All dates from here forward are Common Era, CE) China invented the first hemp paper, and hemp rope also appeared in England.

Then, in 200, cannabis appeared in the East’s first pharmacopoeia as an anesthetic used by Chinese surgeon Hua T’o.

ISSUE 19 THE PAST TO PRESENT ISSUE dopemagazine.com

Angolan slaves brought cannabis to plant between rows of cane, in the sugar plantations of northeastern Brazil in 1549.

Meanwhile in the US, from 17451775 George Washington grew hemp, and from 1174-1824 Thomas Jefferson was growing too!

Beginning the first documented importation of hemp crop by government, Russia began exporting hemp to England in 1600.

Cannabis first made its way to America in 1606-1632, as the British and French grew cannabis for hemp at their new colonies in Port Royal, Virginia, and Plymouth.

Simultaneously, in 1616 Jamestown settlers began growing the hemp. Hash began to be widely trade between South Asia and Central Asia in the 1600’s.

Shortly later, in 1870-1880, the first reports of hash use were reported from the Greek mainland resulting in the 1890 Greek Department of Interior issuing a full prohibition. In the 1800’s growing cannabis on plantations became popular in America and it was grown in California, Georgia, Kentucky, Mississippi, Nebraska, New York, and South Carolina.

By 1840 America, medicinal cannabis was available for various forms of ingestion, and the Persians had added hashish to the shelves of their pharmacies.

Cannabis’ popular use in the US earned it a spot in The U.S. Pharmacopoeia in 1850.

Widely used in the US from 18501915, the therapeutic herb cannabis could be purchased from general stores and pharmacies to help a sick loved one! In 1753 Linnaeus classified Cannabis sativa for the first time.

In 1906 In the U.S. the Pure Food and Drug Act was passed, which regulated the labeling of all products containing cannabis, among other drugs.

By 1914 The Harrison Act in the U.S. defined use of cannabis as a crime.

Then, in 1776 Kentucky began growing hemp too

The first real prohibition occurred in 1798 when Napoleon realized that the Egyptians were using hashish and the French soldiers returning home with it; a full prohibition then occurred in France.

From 1893-1894, Central Asia reaped the benefit of the India Hemp Trade, and The India Hemp Drugs Commission Report was issued stating that 70,000 to 80,000 kg per year of hashish was legally imported from India to Central Asia!

In 1840, Queen Victoria reportedly used cannabis to treat her menstrual pains.

he first documented cannabis tax appeared from the British in 1856 shipments of ganja from India.

Then from 1915-1927 the dark days of prohibition fell on America. Prohibition first began in California (1915), then Texas (1919), followed by Louisiana (1924), and then New York (1927)

The history of cannabis is clearly vast, and much was omitted here due to space constraints. DOPE Magazine is dedicated to featuring the rest and the best of cannabis history as it unfolds in our future issues.

dopemagazine.com ISSUE 19 THE PAST TO PRESENT ISSUE

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CTOBER 4TH, 2015 marked the first annual Oregon DOPE Cup and the first weekend of legalization in Oregon. The mood was electrifying in Portland and the event brought together the finest local glass artists, cannabis product producers and growers with the unified goal of providing an unforgettably freeing experience Oregon would not soon forget. Once inside the sponsor area, the crowd met with a tremendous welcome and generous amounts of free samples and merchandise from vendors, happy to celebrate Oregon’s new found freedom. CannaTea, Eco Firma Farms, Leafly, 7 Points Farms, Lunchbox Alchemy, Terpene Station, and Paul Loney all sponsored this tremendously successful event along with major love from Mary Jane’s House of Glass. Redman (@redmangilla) put on an

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