G E N E R A L R E S E A R C H O N A R C H I T E C T U R A L H E R I T A G E F R E N C HV I L L A C L U S T E R S O F U R B A ND E S I G N T H E O R I E S F I N A L R E P O R T
GROUP3
Preserve and regenerate the value of architecture sites and urban is a major challenge to the history and culture of Vietnam. Throughout the development of history, Vietnam has achieved a considerable architectural heritage, including heritages established during French colonial period. These heritage foundation has a significant value in terms of architecture, art and usage, and has been a part of the social life in Vietnam for more than a century and played an important role in the development of the country. Every city, following its own development, often saved the marks of history. Those marks are expressed through various cultural values, through the physical sizes and mental. With the urban areas with more than hundred years old, historical center is usually where old and new cultural clusters chime within a continuous development progress. The relationship between preservation and regeneration becomes a dialectic matter in the renovation and development of urban areas. Ho Chi Minh city can be considered as an example with orientational planning based on preservation, regeneration the existing central area and other developing projects aiming at expanding the central areas into a new district of the city. The issue will be the ability to recognize the featuring urban architecture values of the current center, and then not only determining the preservation solution, but also bring forward solution, keeping those values into the flow of metropolitan.
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Table of contents
3-4
5-8
9 - 18
ABOUT
INTRODUCTION
RESEARCH
THE GROUP
OVERVIEW
19 - 20
21 - 22
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EVALUATION OF THE SITE’S
EVALUATING
DEVELOPMENT
RESULTS
VISIONS AND
CONSERVING AND GENERATING
PROPOSED
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about The group
DO QUOC ANH
NGUYEN KHOA DIEM
TRAN DIEU HANH
DONG QUOC PHONG
TON NU
DO PHUONG THAO
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VU QUYNH
VO THANH HIEN
NGUYEN HUY HOANG
TRAN HOAI NAM
NGUYEN THAO TIEN
NGUYEN NGOC
TRINH NGOC
THAO TRUC
TUONG VY
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INTRODUCTION
1. Research objects and scope
2. Research objectives 3. Methodologies 4. Meaning and value
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Architectural and urban planning heritage value is the main objective of the research. Notably, villas from French colonial period are main points and the research focus on a part of ward 7, district 3, Ho Chi Minh city where existed many of said villas.
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Define architectural and urban planning value of object area.
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Propose suitable action for preservation and regeneration
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Propose suitable action to improve and promote architectural heritage
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To achieve mentioned purpose, many methodologies were used in the process of the research, such as:
Collecting
Analyzing
Survey
Statisticizing and classifying
Layer overlapping
Comparison
Determining the value of urban architecture of the current Ho Chi Minh city center based on diverse data related to history and culture, characteristics of the situation of the object, not only the standalone heritage, architectural heritages, but also including the urban spaces combining various principle values related to function, urban shape, public area, architectural sites and intangible value.
Proposing valuation method of potential of the site and heritage area by evaluation scale with diverse criteria, suitable for research object
Proposing preserving and expressing the featuring values of urban architecture with various solutions, not only limited within preservation, but also through suitable regenerating solutions, renovating, constructing.
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Research overview
1. Historic timeline of settlement and development
2. Existing status of urban fabric 3. Existing status of architecture
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1859-1878
1878 - 1897
1897 - 1945
1945 - 1954
1954 - 1975
Nowadays
After conquering Gia Dinh Citadel (1859), the French had started outlining Saigon based on European planning critical. Nevertheless, until 1878-1897, the project site had just started to form the main circulation system and there was merely any resident living at the area by then. Afterward, in 1897-1945 when it was the heyday of Saigon, both local economy and society, especially regarding to culture significantly reached their peaks. The period had witnessed the very first formation of villas which were strongly influenced by French architecture and soon became accommodation for the upper class and officers in Saigon then. From 1945-1954, this housing typology still overcame in quantity yet the area's overall building density was maintained as low as possible. However, due to the rocketing increase in population and the political context in which the French lost their ruler-ship to the southern of Vietnam, during the period from 1954 to 1975, there was a gradually increase in building density and many other building typologies had also started to appear.
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a. Street It is obvious that the street pattern has not changed since French planning period with the exception of a few newly formed culs-de-sac, most of which have been used for accessing into villas that is located far from the street in the midst of urban blocks, which partly creates a unique sense of place when getting in.
1859—1878
1878—1897
1945—1975
Street Section
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1897—1945
Nowadays
On the other hand, the rapid rise in traffic volume has overtaken the existing quiet atmosphere and is also one of the reasons leading to changes in building function.
Highest hierarchy street
Medium hierarchy street
Low hierarchy street
Street Direction
Section line Direction of street
Setback-SemiPrivate Zone Pedestrian Zone Traffic Zone
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b. Greenery A noticeably abundant area of shadow is created by strips of trees which are distributed in such a harmonious way. Besides, the diversity in types and sizes of greenery is also witnessed within the project site. Some of the trees which had been planted approximately 50 years ago have been well conserved and is still in good condition nowadays, remarkably on Tu Xuong St.
DIPTEROCATPACEAE SWIETENIA MAHOGANI KHAYA SENEGALENSIS CASSIA HEBECARPA TELOSMA CORDATA TREES - OVER 50 AGE
c. Public—Private Gradient The characteristic of private space in the past has still had influence on today's private spaces' features. For instance, apart from some semi-public spaces around commercial buildings, there is merely any official public space except for the sidewalk and carriageway areas (although there is a rather large park for children located right next to the site).
Semi—private zone
Public zone Public zone Semi—public zone Semi—private zone Private zone
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d. Social Interactions
Daytime
Nighttime
A large percentage of social activities take place at on-street cafĂŠs serving officers and passerby's. The area becomes even quieter when it comes to night-time and barely any social interactions among residents are recorded. The one and only reason for this is the lack of public open spaces that are not diversified at all.
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e. Buildings • Blocks and plots Being formed since the early stage of the settlement process, the housing plots here have been witnessed a lot of changes. From the original plot, its size had been reduced by time to be adaptive to social context where there was an increase in population at a certain period of time and finally a plot in the past was divided into 4 or 6 smaller pieces nowadays, which lead to the raise of building density of the area.
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1859—1878
1878—1897
1897—1945
1945—1954
1954—1975
Nowadays
• Building height The most common building height varies from 2 to 4 storeys. Nevertheless, the recent appearance of some modern high-rise buildings has broken the area's overall harmonious skyline.
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• Building function The changing in building function has been a considerable issue of the area. There are around half of the number of villas still remain residential, whereas the others have been functioned as education, commerce, office and services etc. As a result, the original architecture has been modified to be adaptive to the buildings' new using purpose.
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The image of antique brick-roofed French villas which acts an aerial identity has been conserved at a few specific areas despite the rapid formation of modern buildings.
Such valuable architectural details like balcony, pilasters, windows and doors etc. which should have positively contributed to the urban streetscape are usually hidden by high screening, fences and large canopies of trees. This is not only a hindrance to the urban landscape but also a big obstacle to the research process.
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Evaluation of the site’s conserving in terms of architectural h
13pts. → 14pts.
Strong– contains special values, need conserving
10pts. → 12pts.
Average – contains certain values, need considering
< 9pts.
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Weak – no noticeable values
g and generating potentials heritage The evaluating system is formed based on the analysis results and is an early premise for defining potentials in conserving local elements consists of historical, architectural, urban planning, originality and intangible values. • Historical value: Historical value of the area is showed by the existence of buildings especially villas there. This value includes chronological value and the connection with history event. • Architectural value: Architectural value of the site including architecture typologies, aesthetic value, façade and architectural details that express architecture style of French colonial period. • Urban planning value: this value is showed by evaluating plots and blocks’ boundaries, the interrelationship between building shapes and urban spaces. Urban space is a important aspect that need to be concerned in order to give the most accurate evaluation on the area. • Originality value: Throughout the development of the area, many building shapes were changed.
• Intangible value: intangible value expresses the value of local community and how they use urban spaces. Also, activities of people and community value is included in the evaluation. Regarding to the stage after researching, an orientating system referring to conservation and regeneration process is considerably established with the effort of promoting local architectural heritage in the modern developing context of HCMC.
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EVALUATING RESULTS On the scale of 3 (1- Weak; 2- Average; 3- Strong), every blocks and plots of the sites is carefully evaluated. By combining layers of evaluation scoring, the results show the average value of the plot which contribute an important role when consider planning conservation and regeneration to the site.
HISTORICAL VALUE
ORIGINALITY VALUE
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ARCHITECTURAL VALUE
INTANGIBLE VALUE
URBAN PLANNING VALUE
This map demonstrates final result of the evaluating section. The color of each zone represents for its general value. The lighter the color is, the less considerable. The map generally shows where planners need to concern the most for the preservation and regeneration. The white colored area on Tu Xuong street was scored as the most considerable area when planning preservation project. As a deduction, suitable planning will be given out in order to preserve the heritage value of the area.
Weak â&#x20AC;&#x201C; no noticeable values
Average - contains certain values, need considering Strongâ&#x20AC;&#x201C; contains special values, need conserving
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Development visions And proposed actions From last section, object site is divided into zones with different value that need different orientation for its development. Proposal for the site is not only about preserving but also promoting its heritage. On the other hand, economic value is also included in future proposal for the site. In the future, buildings along Dien Bien Phu street will be the complex of commercial and residence. Other zones in the area will be developed as residential area but its building typologies and architectural style will be strictly managed in order to keep the faรงade in same style with existing one. Architecture details such as window, doors, roof styles, materials and decoration will be included in building and constructing standard of that area. Main purpose of this action is to maintain the look of old valuable heritage of the site. For the most considerable area on Tu Xuong street, preservation planning are used to keep the most value of the area.
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Preservation and regeneration planning is now an urgent need for urban especially an urban with long history like Ho Chi Minh city. Historical value and architectural heritage of one area is the soul of the city. Keeping those value is important not only for today but also for the future. Define those value and understand them is the most important part in the process of preservation. For that, this evaluating standard and scoring systems is hoped to be the guide for further understanding and research of the site.
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NOVEMBER,201 5