How do solar panels work?
A solar panel converts solar energy into electricity.
When sunlight hits the cell, positive and negative charge carriers are released in the cell. The cell is made from a semiconductor, the light is converted to electricity.
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An ideal semiconductor is silicon , since it is inexpensive as a component of quartz sand and can be produced in high purity and monocrystalline.
In order for the positive and negative charge carriers to be conducted correctly, foreign atoms are incorporated into the semiconductor.
This is called p- and n-doped silicon . The trivalent boron atom p-doped silicon layer has a positive charge surplus, while the n-doped with pentavalent phosphorus atoms is negatively charged.
When converting the sun's rays into electricity, we take advantage of a special feature of sunlight:
The sunlight consists of countless tiny energy sources (photons). When these encounter certain substances (eg silicon), they boost the energy level of the negatively charged electrons. These then move up a layer. The positively charged "holes" travel simultaneously to the backside contact.
Negative and positive charges attract each other, but the boundary layer prevents a direct connection, the electrons must have enough energy to take the "detour" over the boundary layer. This flow of electrons is waht we call electricity.
The energy of the sun's rays generates direct current in the solar panels. This flows to the inverter. This device has the task of converting the direct current into alternating current so that it fits into the public grid. Now the alternating current still flows through a counter so that we know how much electricity is generated. Now we can consume the electricity locally.
If more electricity is produced on sunny days than consumed, the surplus flows into the public grid (= energy recovery in the grid).
Conversely, in bad weather or in the evening often more power is consumed than the solar system produces. Then the missing electricity flows from the grid into the house (= energy Copyright 2018 https://200wsolarpanel.com
supply from the grid).
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