S IR AOS
stephen stewart uc berkeley m.arch thesis 2014 advisor; mark anderson
Waterfronts have historically been spaces of commercial exchange. Yet in order to revitalize our deteriarting waterfronts they must also become spaces where urban and architectural ideas can be similarly exchanged. Such an exchange will be utilized in order to revitalize the waterfronts of Portugal’s two main cities, Oporto and Lisbon.
os irmaos is a story of a man’s search. the search for the cure to a seemingly terminal illness shared between two brothers. will he Find the solution in time? will the brothers accept it? in this book the reader will Find the answers to these and other questions through hand sketches, digial renderings, old maps and paintings as well as a full site and building cut out model of both sites.
the project process as a project what began as a project proposing a set of urban waterfront interventions has expanded to become a project within a project. the documentation that has led up to and through the design proposal has in itself become the project. through the design process, os irmaos explores the role of architect, and the manner in which their often, seemingly abstract proposals are formulated.
Abstract Historically, the majority of the world’s major cities have been established at or near a major body of water. The relationship between the man-made construct of the city and the natural network of connections that oceans and rivers provide helped establish many great historical empirical and Financial powers. Though these urban waterfronts were once seen as the heartbeat of the city, years of industrialization and retreat away from the dense, dirty and noisy waterfronts have given rise to an often-impenetrable buffer between the city’s urban fabric and the water’s edge. This disconnect is a near universal experience, yet the development of the relationships between each city and their waterfront vary depending on each site’s historical and cultural contexts, requiring site-speciFic solutions. Within each of these contexts we can observe a gradient of successful and failed attempts at reintroducing the urban experience along the waterfront. The revitalization of urban waterfronts has been an important topic for architects, city planners and landscape architects all around the world. The large amount of work already underway will provide a wide range of research into the topic. It is vital that we use these examples as we continue working to reestablish these important spaces within our urban environments. It will be the focus of this thesis to establish a set of solutions to the problems that have surfaced within our urban waterfronts in order to propose two architectural interventions aimed at reestablishing the link between the cities of Oporto and Lisbon to their waterfronts.
What’s their condition?
critical, they’re barely hanging on. how do their prospects look?
it’s hard to say, but i’m not optimistic
have you had any success with their treatments?
we’ve tried a few costly procedures, but can’t be sure when or if they will have any effect.
do they have any family? no.
so why did you ask me to come?
We’re searching for answers, and we’re getting desperate.
friends? no, they only have each other.
they’re down at the end of the hallway.
And you think i can Find an answer?
well, i guess this crisis has altered their their thinking in a lot of ways.
i was told they didn’t get along.
how am i going to discover a solution you haven’t already considered?
I’m hoping you could help us Find some new kind of solution.
well at least have a look at these.
they seem very similar.
you’ll see some striking differences.
it doesn’t look like this will get better anytime soon.
how can they survive like this?
This is as bad as I’ve seen in years!
so, what caused all of this?
here look at this, we think we found the main causes.
BEEP
the older brother has spent years altering, and then re-altering himself to keep up with the joneses.
this First picture is of him as a kid
and if you look at him now you can barely recognize him.
we have a few images showing the change.
taken in sequential order you can see him slowing slipping away
this slow change over time now has him struggling for his life, and we don’t know how to reverse it.
BEEP if we don’t do anything he won’t be able to struggle much longer.
now the younger brother is another story.
opposite to his brother, he didn’t seem to take any action in his life to improve himself.
but like his brother, little by little, over time his health completely faded.
and now despite a completely opposite approach, he is in as serious a condition as his brother.
they’ve approached life in opposite manners, yet both experience the same result.
how fascinating
BEEP
the nurse tells me it has been a rough day for them
now that you’re up to speed, i want you to meet them.
can you hear me?
can you open your eyes? hm, who are you?
well hopefully I’m the one who’s going get the solution for you guys.
I hope you don’t mind, I like to document everything in these interviews, you never know where you’ll encounter something important...
well thank you for all your help, there is a lot of info here for me to start with.
so what makes you think you can do more than the others have?
honestly, i’m not sure.
BEEP
So what do you think?
I’ve invited just a few of the great thinkers in the Field. Come listen, if they aren’t helpful, you have a long list of possible sources for help.
well, after talking to them, i it seems even more complicated, i can’t guarantee anything.
ok, i’ll do it.
I know, none of us can, but if we don’t act who knows how bad it will get, it may become fatal.
Thank you, they’re ready...
Let’s begin.
BEEP...
Hey, it’s your move!
Oh, sorry, I was drifting off there for a bit.
What’s on your mind?
Do you think you’ve left a signiFicant legacy?
Of course! Look at the great things I’ve done!
They’re impressive at the time, will people remember them?
Sure, I’ve left little reminders.
I’m starting to wonder if anybody cares anymore. do they notice your reminders.
I’m just thinkin about my life.
Can I ask you something personal?
ng
Sure, go ahead. Geez, serious stuff for a game of chess.
how about you?
I don’t know, i haven’t left a legacy in the same way as you.
i thought what I had done during my would have left an impression on others.
but i don’t know if people Find what i’ve done very signiFicant anymore.
well it might not be as impressive as what i’ve done.
but people will always recognize your name. your move.
you need to take better care of your queen, you’ve left her exposed too often. i think some of what i’ve done has been as impressive as what you’ve done.
but i guess i shouldn’t care all that much, we’re all just pieces on the board, easily removed, quickly forgotten.
but some pieces’ absence are felt stronger than others. what piece are you? hopefully a queen. you?
hopefully something more useful than a pawn. you in a nutshell, so “humble” checkmate!
you know what, i’m feeling better already!
So now that you understand the severity of their condition.
I would like to open up the Floor to any ideas or suggestions.
Thank you, as you know I’ve dealt with similarly dire situations before.
Yes, please, Dr. Pombal
The best course of action is to start with a clean slate.
We need to tear them down in order to build them back up.
Myself with a group of experts can work together to Figure out the correct set of treatments.
That sounds costly.
I don’t believe they will be able to afford it.
It won’t be cheap.
does health really have a price?
The procedure sounds risky… The greater risk is not acting right away.
Do you have any ideas of possible alterations you would make.
the clean slate is too drastic, it’s an xl proposition, without regard for context. they need a smaller, yet effective treatment. We can apply the most modern innovations so that they don’t have the same problems in the future.
Please, elaborate for us Dr. K.
18 W ith gaiola: 4.7c m
16 14
W ithout gaiola: 15.7c m
12
H (m)
10 8 6
Corner - without gaiola
4
Corner - with gaiola
Connection G1 - without gaiola Connection G1 - with gaiola
2 0 0
2
4
6
8
10
12
out-of-plane displacement (cm)
14
16
18
We’ve had success in the past updating ineffcient systems found in the body.
Thank you. I would like to propose a treatment which will present far less danger to the patients.
Rather than fully breaking them down, I suggest we isolate a speciFic area,
one which is in contact with other parts of the body and focus on treating them.
we have to be strategic in our decisions of location and scale.
an l solution would have numerous beneFits...
you’re against an xl solution, but I’m assuming a s solution wouldn’t have strong enough effect.
Pontinha Colegio Militar/Luz
Campo Grande
we’ve seen similar situations where the intervention had a big effect to a large network.
Colegio Militar/Luz
Campo Grande
Alameda
Oriente (expo)
Alameda
Rato Rossio
Rossio Lisbon’s metro before...
and after Expo 98’
I think an l solution is too drastic as well, i believe we can make a serious change with an m solution
Baixa
this scale of work can quickly effect the area around them.
in time turning them returning them to full health. so it becomes a game to Find the biggest impact for the smallest price.
Casa da Musica station
he’s on the right track, but he doesen’t understand the brothers well enough to make these decisions.
both inside.
pombal had it backwards, it isn’t about a clean slate, it’s about returning them to their natural state.
and outside.
if i’m going to Figure this out there are some people I need to talk to...
do you remember how much we loved going to the beach?
i remember how much you loved to go swimming as far as you possibly could.
you never would, you were too afraid.
i wasn’t afraid, i just preferred playing in the sand, making something from my imagination with my own two hands.
how boring that was. wheres the adventure in that. that’s your problem. never willing to take risks to push yourself.
you’re the one with the problem, you never appreciiate the small things in life.
remember how beautiful it was?
remember how beautiful it was?
What a long Flight, and I can’t imagine what these two will suggest...
Do you think that is possible in their current Financial state?
With problems this serious, the solution will have to be able to adapt to a wide variety of possible complications which may arise over time. We do, you don’t need to Find a single instant solution for every problem.
Instead you need to Find a solution that holds a variety of possibilities.
In essence what you need is a treatment that acts as a toolbox.
It can remain simple really, but it needs the capability to adapt, it needs Flexibility.
That way the patients decide how best to use them over time. Exactly, if they can Figure out the best ways to use it at important times, it should be able to continue sustaining them.
Over time, little by little they could continue seeing improvements in their health.
It is both singular and multiple.
the dual nature will allow it to be effective for a variety of hosts.
The question is what do you Fill the tool box with?
Good luck.
I don’t know them well enough to fully understand what they need, but I know who does.
doctor, how is the conference going?
not great, the current speaker does not fully grasp the problem.
well hurry, we’re running short on time.
well, i’ve had some success, i’ve obtained some great information. but i haven’t come to any conclusions yet.
my solutions have taken all important aspects into account, modern technology will allow me to not only effect it the brothers, but everyone. it will begin a new great day!
i’ve been reading through some of the brother’s documents to better understand them.
i think i am beginning to see where they are having their greatest struggles
the older’s troubled area shows signs of attempted improvement. yet there is still high levels of decay throughout.
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decaying waterfron t east of the bridge
industrial port in prime waterfront location
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yet right in the middle of this unhealthy area there seems to be an opportunity for some intervention, perhaps being the spark for mass improvements in the whole region.
deca
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surrounded by developing ar eas
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ouse
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s e c a p s t n o erfr t a w d e t s a w
wc
looking at the younger brother, he has a lot of healthy potential located closely, but the lack of connection between them means the overall area is failing.
lk ont wa
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praca ribeira main waterfront public space
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port wine caves across the river
but if we could just Find a way to connect all of them, then maybe...
unused lone green space,
one of 7 oporto bridges
small riverwalk restaurants
i’ve made lots of friends during my life.
and from all kinds of cliques.
why didn’t you make mor
cham ter f charl
rectory of universidade nova de lisboa, aires mateus
thalia theater, goncalo byrne
camoes theater, manuel salgado centro cultural de belem, vittorio gregotti, manuel salgado
music school, carrilho da graca
archaelogical site of praca a nova, carrilho da graca
re friends?
oceanarium extension, campos costa
oceanariu, peter chermayeff oriente station, santiago calatrava
MODERNIZATION OF THE DINIS SECONDARY SCHOOL, BAK GORDON
mpalimaud cenfor the unkown, les correa
fundacao calouste gulbenkian, alberto pessoa
i made two REAL friends we’ve been through a lot together.
i wouldn’t be who i am today without them.
quality portant
y is more imthan quantity.
i was a handsome man!
I don’t understand why you spent so much time looking in the mirror, i guess i should say mirrors.
you may understand that if you took care of yourself, perhaps slow down the amount of wine you drink.
well when you look this good you need to appreciate yourself from every angle.
what’s wrong with the way i look
k?
well you could run a comb through your hair.
and you could stand to lose a little weight, can you see your toes?
well at least i haven’t had to do the things you’ve done changing your looks. Pre-Occupation Coastline
Belem
Baixa
1858
2010
Park das Nacoes
it’s better than letting yourself go!
These next few visits will be crucial, they are familiar with the brothers and their situation.
I was wondering when someone would stop by.
So you know why I’m here?
What is that?
This? It’s nothing really, little personal project.
I’ve always been amazed at the effect even the smallest things can have...
come have a look
Of course.
as for why you’re here, I’m not sure I can help.
Well you were good friends with the older brother?
For quite awhile, yes.
Then help me understand him better, anything that will help us Find a way to help them, strengths, weaknesses. I’ve been searching in the dark for too long.
Well, when you look at his accomplishments, you wouldn’t believe that he wasn’t born with a great deal of advantages. He had to earn it all. He worked hard, and he was always willing to take chances. he always did it with Flair. Perhaps you can learn from him.
Your solution needs to be bold!
How is that?
You don’t need much. You just need to understand how best to use it. He did, and look at the connections he made.
Look at the small details, how you locate the treatment,
How do I best use what is available?
take a risk, you’re behind the 8 ball already, swing for the fences.
Look at my work. I have little in terms of resources. So I make every bit count, I risk failure, but I open the door for greater success.
Now think about his life, he did things differently, was willing to step into the darkness, and did so with Flair.
Thanks, that helps, but i now need to learn more about his younger brother.
Mr. Siza, I’ve been told you are very familiar with these brothers.
portuguese pavilion, lisbon 1998
I’ve known the younger brother for quite a bit longer, but I’ve come to know them both.
terracos da braganca, lisbon 2004 Through a previous contact I was able to learn quite a bit about the older brother, but I’m still learning about the younger.
While the older is outgoing, bold, adventurous, the younger brother is more low key. He is introverted but once you get to know him you Find that he is an incredible person.
Yes, I know them.
quinta de conceiaoo swimming-pool, porto 1958
boa nova teahouse, porto 1956
he didn’t have a lot of friends?
No, most thought he was a bit rough around the edges, and preferred to have a few really good friends like myself.
He’s committed to anything he does. His main focus when he works is to complete any task in the best manner.
He is good at seeing needs and fulFilling them.
So how are you able to get along so well with them both?
Let me show you, His straightforwardness makes his work signiFicant and effective.
the key for me is to full understand them both, really get to know them. Once I do that, I make sure to adapt myself when I’m with them, I act like the older brother when I’m with him, and like the younger brother when I’m with him.
Do they get along?
They like to think they are very different, but really they are complementary to each other, their differences help them work better together,
like puzzle pieces. Working together they actually make quite a team.
Wait, say that again.
Working together
That’s it! Of course, we’ve been looking at the solution the entire time, the answer is right there in their sickbeds. They need to work together.
We all develop our own personal strengths, parts of ourselves which function at a higher level than others.
We also have weaknesses. But what if we could share our strengths with each other?
The brothers are both in critical condition, but their ailments are different. If we can successfully harvest from them both a portion of the area which is inflicting the other, and implant that within them, then perhaps they can use each other’s strengths to overcome their own weaknesses.
Dr. k was right, location is key. I have to look back at my studies of the brothers.
I will begin looking back at the older brother. I need to Find a network in order to connect the intervention to other vital areas of the body...
It will also be important to study the connection.
it is important to Find a link between the chosen area and a primary circuilatory system
the link needs to be able to attract and accommodate the required large Flows.
there needs to be the correct balance between condensed and open areas.
any aids which can help facilitate the flow will be useful.
with the strong connection the chosen site of intervention can feed off nearby areas and transfer healthy cells back through the entire body.
As for the younger brother...
being able to Find a similar situation will help ease the process.
Let’s begin... wc
just like his brother we can link the intervention to a major circulation point.
his body along this path is really struggling in many spots.
but there are also some healthy areas, that with an increased Flow could help heal them.
the more volatile trajectory of the path will require more attention for any connections
luckily there are so many similarities between the two brothers, it will increase the chances for success.
you overvalue original intentions. these are monuments of failure, we’re simply masking those failures
I believe i’m on the right track, but even the best plan needs added input. i need to expand my thinking.
You know you’re defacing someone’s hard work.
it will be hard not to notice this!
your solution will have be cost effective
throw a little something on them to hide it, it doesn’t have to be expensive, just bold.
Look, i have two patients, in serious condition. I have a treatment, it will be transformative, but i don’t want it to be too visually drastic.
people like you should thank us, we’re giving it a second life.
Well what do you suggest?
this treatment will carve out a great deal of their funds...
By covering it up they and those around them might at least forget it.
It will almost be free.
meanwhile after some time, it will be forgotten that it is foreign.
that is inexpensive, if we are clever we can do it cheap.
but i still worry that it will diminish from my treatment.
ok, with all that info i should be able to make my recommendation
you’ll have to let some of your control go, you can’t expect to control everything, any singular solution is dangerous.
dr. i believe I’ve found your solution.
it’s a dual transplant, a swap between the brothers, the strengths of one are transferred to the other.
i don’t know if i can support this, it is so unorthodox. have you talked to them?
yes, and they have approved it. and with their decision you are obligated to go ahead with the procedure.
if that is there decision than we will have to act fast, begin surgery now!
don’t worry doctor, i’ve provided all the info you will need to carry it out.
let’s pray that they have made the right decision.
let’s begin by mapping out our locations.
HE said he studied them and has chosen the optimal spot.
it’s important that we make each incision with care.
scalpel.
we’ll remove the infected area from the older brother.
the younger brother’s procedure will be quite the opposite, instead of removing dying tissue, we will need to intricately connect a piece of the older brother.
so after we are able to remove the dying tissue from the older brother the vacancy will provide space to replace it with healthy cells.
and when we’ve found the points of connection for the younger brother we can begin attaching them to the insertion.
let’s take a look at what we’ve done so far.
the loca to have w quickly t
ating and removal seem worked, now let’s work to begin our insertions.
the portuguese monument reborn.
now this step will be difFicult.
we need to extract healthy parts from each brother to transfer to the other.
if we look inside we hope to see the connections beginning to fuse with the brother’s tissue.
so removing a part of the older brother’s well functioning circulatory system and connecting to the younger brother like so...
if done correctly, it may give him a Fighting chance, if not than this area will collapse.
it seems a little abstract and out of place, but HE believes it should Fit right in.
and now in the opened area of the older brother we can plant cells that we hope will grow and begin healing the troubled area.
winery & vineyards
waterfront restaurants & vineyards. connecting bridges theater/cafe & vineyards artiFicial beach & vineyards public pools
if we look at an x-ray we should see the beginnings of this growth taking place in multiple locations.
the question is whether or not we have extracted the proper cells from the younger brother.
and if this combination of cells will coalesce as well as HE thinks.
this procedure is complicated, luckily for them they are in capable hands.
and now the last piece... now we need to get some scans of them as fast as we can.
perhaps a little rougher than HE had hoped, but let’s see what HE thinks.
here we are again
how are they doing?
but let us hope that this time it will be under better circumstances.
we did the best we could. as is the case with procedures this complicated there are difFiculties, but I believe it went well. of course we will only know in time. but you can begin your assesment. they’re just through that door.
hey, can you hear me?
hm, what, who is it?
open your eyes.
to be continued...
oporto model
lisboa model
index of illustrations pages 3-5: graphs and images based on Figures found in the article “portugal economic crisis”, http://www.economicshelp.org/blog/6423/economics/portugal-economic-crisis/ page 5; sectional progression of lisbon’s waterfront, “tagus platform - back to the river,” pedro ressano garcia.pa page 6; lisbon map, 1807, http://www.bergbook.com/images/23393-01.jpg lisbon map, 1911, http://metropoles.revues.org/docannexe/image/4029/img-1.jpg cais do sodre aerial, http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_vMZxJeLUiJQ/TEsG4PpY8CI/AAAAAAAADxg/ NyjuzBthFRo/s1600/3-Av.+24+de+Julho+018.jpg page 7; maps and Figures courtesy of porto vivo, http://www.portovivosru.pt page 11; monument at kwaaihoek, http://cache4.asset-cache.net/gc/140230557-the-dias-cross-memorial-on-a-high-promontory-gettyimages.jpg?v=1&c=IWSAsset&k=2&d=RWrsVl3M%2B7bP7OlL7qZYR9AnakUP0U8VOYVTVV2lX0CQcf%2FtJy%2FZxuKtp5Nj70pFhhD%2FjLGdkbIhZNZUW3Q7og%3D%3D monument in goa, http://ajitvadakayil.blogspot.com/2010/12/portuguese-inquisition-in-goa-and.html page 12; monument in malacca, http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9e/Pillar_ of_Vasco_da_Gama.jpg page 13; monument in congo, http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e0/Matadi%2C_Congo%2C_pedra_de_Ielala%2C_Diogo_Cão.jpg monument in macau, http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Jardim_ da_Vitoria.jpg/256px-Jardim_da_Vitoria.jpg page 14; chessboard, http://etc.usf.edu/clipart/17800/17890/chessboard_17890_lg.gif page 15; lisbon Fire, http://4e7221.medialib.glogster.com/media/8e4f1082dd09d0772dbc80cfd00aa4aff81501b3c66a2bbb2bdf589b46daaa5c/lisbon-Fire.jpg medieval lisbon map, http://historic-cities.huji.ac.il/portugal/lisbon/maps/braun_hogenberg_V_2_b.jpg page 16; lisbon map, 1756, http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5a/Pombaline_ Baixa_Lisbon_map_1756.jpg gaiola structural system, http://www.stap.pt/Files/Comunicao%20COST%20E29.pdft page 17; “she changes” sculpture matosinhos, janet echelman, http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/fe/Porto_-_Matosinhos_-_Praça_da_Cidade_de_Salvador.jpg “kairos,” lisbon, joao quintela, tim simon, http://www.archdaily.com/391261/kairos-joao-quintela-tim-simon/ lisbon expo 98’ map, http://www.lisbonapartments.com/lisbon/wp-content/uploads/2013/04/ map_transports.jpg
page 18; casa da musica site aerial, http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/78/ Casa_da_música.jpg page 19; “kairos,” lisbon, joao quintela, tim simon, http://www.archdaily.com/391261/kairos-joao-quintela-tim-simon/ 21-24; bmw guggenheim, http://www.coolhunting.com/culture/bmw-guggenheim-lab-nyc.php http://www.bmwblog.com/2011/05/06/bmw-guggenheim-lab-to-launch-in-new-york-in-august-2011/ http://www.bmwblog.com/2011/10/28/bmw-guggenheim-lab-ends-successful-new-york-cityrun/ http://www.boweryboogie.com/2011/10/bmw-guggenheim-lab-out-discussions-on-next-stepsfor-vacant-lot/ http://openbuildings.com/buildings/bmw-guggenheim-lab-berlin-pfefferberg-complex-profile-43968/media# http://www.e-architect.co.uk/images/jpgs/berlin/bmw_guggenheim_lab_berlin_b150612.jpg http://inhabitat.com/nyc/bmw-guggenheim-lab-opens-hosts-free-urban-experiments-in-nycseast-village-exclusive-photos/ page 23; towers in a park, http://www.brianmicklethwait.com/culture/VilleRadieuse.jpg page 24; airplane, http://wordfromthewell.Files.wordpress.com/2012/11/your-mind-is-like-anairplane.jpg lisbon from the air, http://www.airplane-pictures.net/images/uploaded-images/2012-8/6/229699.jpg page 29-32 pages 35-36; habital sculpture, lisbon, miguel arruda, http://www.domusweb.it/en/architecture/2010/12/04/habitable-sculpture-by-miguel-arruda.htmlhabs http://www.archdaily.com/73278/habitable-sculpture-miguel-arruda/ http://openbuildings.com/buildings/inhabitable-sculpture-profile-40210/media# page 36; lisbon map, 1530, http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/fb/Lisboa_1530.jpg page 37; jeronimos column, http://farm6.staticflickr.com/5487/9885969463_e59361ac9a_b.jpg torre de belem, http://www.museudacidade.pt/Coleccoes/Pintura/Paginas/Torre-de-Belem.aspx page 39; porto building facade, http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1e/Oporto_-_Balcones_-_20110424_162753.jpg boa nova teahouse, leca da palmeira, alvaro siza, http://adbr001cdn.archdaily.net/wp-content/uploads/2012/01/1326222574_mauriziomwg_6.jpg alvaro siza self sketch, http://2.bp.blogspot.com/--jnlHFePaDI/TxoNacvhHCI/AAAAAAAAADc/ n2L7mD0h2rM/s640/siza.jpg page 40; leca da palmeira swimming pool, alvaro siza, https://farm6.staticflickr. com/5160/5886467959_09c0629f08.jpg
page 43; portuguese world map, 1573, http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_KEOd_sgYszk/TSJK95tsB5I/ AAAAAAAACoc/7ZE19D7PcpE/s1600/1573_Teixeira+-+low.jpg page 45; douro valley, http://www.informativos.net/public/images/2012/0622_porto/Cruzeiro_Douro.-photo-by-jose-manuel.jpg pages 47-48; crono project, lisbon, http://i.imgur.com/NAU1q.jpg http://theworldwider.net/wp-content/uploads/2012/09/Graffiti-2.jpg http://lh4.ggpht.com/-17g3LfKaWRU/U1UVcu4kdGI/AAAAAAAAH_I/HSGhpp3GGm0/s1600/ P4116782.jpg http://www.brooklynstreetart.com/theblog/wp-content/uploads/2009/09/brooklyn-streetart-os-gemeos-1-jaime-rojo-10-09.jpg http://artobserved.com/artimages/2010/03/os-gemeos-ny-mural-141-1024x768.jpg http://artobserved.com/artimages/2010/03/os-gemeos-ny-mural-141-1024x768.jpg blu grafFit artist, http://www.demotix.com/news/2606921/italian-street-artist-blu-working-grafFiti page 50; operating table, http://patdollard.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/04/o-OPERATING-TABLE-facebook.jpg page 59; maria pia bridge, porto, http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/41/ Railway_bridges_in_porto.jpg leca da palmeira pools, alvaro siza, http://openhousebcn.files.wordpress.com/2012/07/openhouse-barcelona-shop-gallery-summer-is-here-dive-into-the-water-architecture-leca-swimming-pools-alvaro-siza-1.jpg page 60; douro valley, http://www.zeroemcomportamento.org/catalogo/longas/galerias/ashoras-do-douro/horas-do-douro_1.jpg ribeira, porto, http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/da/Ribeira_-_Porto.jpg page 62; Fundacao Ibere Camargo, http://blog.archpaper.com/wordpress/wp-content/uploads/2012/06/alvaro_siza_lion_10.jpg