Doublew Education Alankar Hindi Reader - 6 (Ch 1-5) by Doublew Education

(Text-cum-Workbook) ys[kd MkWú egs'k HkVukxj ,eú,ú ih&,púMh (fganh)

MkWú jek ik.Ms

,eú,ú] ih&,púMhú (fganh)

izkDdFku Hkk"kk osQ ekè;e ls ge vius fopkjksa dk vknku&iznku djrs gSaA tUe ls gh f'k'kq fdlh&u&fdlh :i esa Hkk"kk ls tqM+us yxrk gSA laosQrksa vkSj èofu fo'ks"k ls ekuo dk ifjp; ekSf[kd Hkk"kk ls gksus yxrk gSA fon~;ky; esa Nk=k fofHkUu izdkj osQ Hkk"kk;h dkS'ky_ tSlsµlquuk] cksyuk] i<+uk&fy[kuk ls u osQoy voxr gksrk gS_ cfYd /hjs&/hjs muesa fodkl dj fln~/gLr izkIr djus dk iz;kl djrk gSA vkt fganh u osQoy jk"Vªh; vfirq varjkZ"Vªh; Lrj ij Hkh yksdfiz; curh tk jgh gSA blfy, fganh fo"k; ij vkSj vf/d dk;Z djus dh vko';drk gSA ^^vyadkj fganh ikB~;iqLrd** Ük`a[kyk dks d{kk 1 ls 8 rd mi;qZDr ckrksa dks fo'ks"k :i ls è;ku esa j[kdj cukus dk iz;kl fd;k x;k gSA vf/d&ls&vf/d Hkk"kk dk 'kqn~/ iz;ksx] ljy ,oa jkspd izlaxksa dk p;u] 'kCn iz;ksx osQ fu;e] vU; Hkk"kkvksa osQ 'kCnksa dk iz;ksx rFkk vU; Hkk"kkvksa dk fganh Hkk"kk ij izHkko vkfn ls ikBdksa dks ifjfpr djk;k x;k gSA iqLrdksa esa jkspd dgkfu;k¡] dfork,¡] ukVd] fp=kdFkk] fxurh] O;kdj.k ls lacaf/r vH;kl iz'u rFkk ikB;sRrj xfrfof/;k¡ u osQoy cPpksa osQ vkd"kZ.k dk osaQnz gSa_ cfYd muesa fganh Hkk"kk dh fofo/rk vkSj fo'ks"krk dks le>dj mlls izse djus osQ fy, ,d fof'k"V ekè;e dk dk;Z djrh gSaA izLrqr ikB~;iqLrd osQ lkFk vH;kl iqfLrdk dk lfEefyr :i gS ftlesa vH;kl osQ fy, Hkjiwj lkexzh lekfgr gSA gekjk iw.kZ fo'okl gS fd vki lcdks gekjk iz;kl jkspd vkSj vkd"kZd yxsxkA vkils fouez fuosnu gS fd iqLrd esa lq/kj gsrq gekjk ekxZn'kZu dj] gesa vf/d liQyrk vftZr djus esa viuk vewY; lg;ksx nsaA µizdk'kd

ikB~;Øe Øe la[;k

i`"B la[;k 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

lfjrk cPpk&pksj xkS'kkyk + ekSykuk vcqy dyke vktkn ekQ+ dj nhft, cqn~/k dh d#.kk feys lqj esjk rqEgkjk

07 11 16 22 27 32 39

Øe la[;k

i`"B la[;k 8

flag dh ngkM+

lkoZ/keZ leHkko

dnac dk isM+

lksp

esjk ns'k egku

c<+s pyks] c<+s pyks

lqukeh ygjsa

Øe la[;k

i`"B la[;k 15

gels l;kus ckyd

n`<+ fu'p;h fdlku

can dejs dk jgL;

vtark dh xw¡trh xqQk

,d cw¡n

103

?kj dh pksjh

107

NksVk xka/kh

113

lkgl ds iSj

120

ikB&fooj.k ikB dk uke 1-

lfjrk

cPpk pksj

xkS'kkyk

ekSykuk vcqy dyke

fo/k izsj.kkLin dfork ohj dgkuh ewY;k/kfjr dgkuh thouh

ekiQ dj nhft,

lh[k

cqn~/ dh d#.kk

izsjd dgkuh

feys lqj esjk rqEgkjk

flag dh ngkM+

ckiw dh ikrh

10- dnac dk isM+ 11- lksp 12- esjk ns'k egku

ys[k euksjatukRe dgkuh i=k dfork dgkuh ns'kHkfDr dgkuh

Hkk"kk;h ;ksX;rk@O;kdj.k dkS'ky dfork iBu] 'kCnkFkZ] ekSf[kd dk;Z] cgqfodYih;] iz'u@mRrj] iafDr;ksa osQ vFkZ LI"V djuk] opu] i;kZ;okph] foijhr vFkZ okys 'kCnA dgkuh iBu] 'kCnkFkZ] ekSf[kd dk;Z] cgqfodYih; iz'u] iz'u@mRrj] fdlus&fdlls dgk] i;kZ;okph] lekukFkZd 'kCn] fyax cnyksA dgkuh iBu] 'kCnkFkZ] ekSf[kd dk;Z] cgqfodYih; iz'u] iz'u@mRrj] fjDr LFkku] fo'ks"k.k] okD;&iz;ksx] loZuke] 'kqn~/&v'kqn~/A thouh iBu] 'kCnkFkZ] ekSf[kd dk;Z] cgqfodYih; iz'u] iz'u@mRrj] fjDr LFku] lgh xyr] fyax cnyks] loZuke] fojke&fpg~uA dgkuh iBu] 'kCnkFkZ] ekSf[kd dk;Z] cgqfodYih; iz'u] iz'u@mRrj] lgh rFkk xyr] fjDr LFkku] fozQ;k 'kCn] fozQ;kfo'ks"k.k] opu] okD; iz;ksxA dgkuh iBu] 'kCnkFkZ] ekSf[kd dk;Z] cgqfodYih; iz'u] iz'u@mRrj] feyku dhft,] fojke fpg~uA dgkuh iBu] 'kCnkFkZ] ekSf[kd dk;Z] cgqfodYih; iz'u] iz'u@mRrj] fjDr LFkku] vusd 'kCn osQ fy, ,d 'kCn] u, 'kCn cukuk] foykse 'kCnA dgkuh iBu] 'kCnkFkZ] ekSf[kd dk;Z] cgqfodYih; iz'u] iz'u@mRrj] fdlus&fdlls dgk] vaxzsth 'kCn NkยกVks] foykse 'kCnksa ls feyku] i;kZ;okph NkยกVdj fy[kksA i=k iBu] 'kCnkFkZ] ekSf[kd dk;Z] cgqfodYih; iz'u] iz'u@mRrj] fjDr LFkku] i;kZ;okph] rqdkar 'kCn]

thou dkS'ky

i`"B la[;k

ufn;ksa osQ ukeksa o LFkkuksa ls ifjfpr gksukA

dfBu ifjfLFkfr;ksa esa Mjuk ughaA

o`n~/ksa dk [;ky j[ksaA

egkiq#'kksa osQ thou ls vPNh ckrsa lh[kksA

O;FkZ dh ftn u djosQ ifjfLFkfr;ksa dks le>uk pkfg,A

thou esa n;k /eZ Js"B gSA

lPph yxu ls esgur djus ij lc laHko gSA

gยกlh&etkd ,d lhek rd gh vPNk gSA

leL;k dk lek/ku fdlh le>nkj ls gh iwNsaA

44 48

[ksy&[ksy esa Hkh cM+ksa dks rax ugha djuk pkfg,A

lgh ckr dk leFkZu djsaA

ikB dk uke 13- c<+s pyks] c<+s pyks 14- lqukeh ygjsa 15- gels l;kus ckyd 16- n`<+ fu'p;h fdlku 17- can dejs dk jgL; 18- vtark dh xwatrh xqiQk 19- ,d cwยกn 20- ?kj dh pksjh

fo/k izsj.kknk;d dfork ys[k

Hkk"kk;h ;ksX;rk@O;kdj.k dkS'ky

'kqn~/&v'kqn~/A dgkuh iBu] 'kCnkFkZ] ekSf[kd dk;Z] cgqfodYih; iz'u] iz'u@mRrj] fjDr LFkku] lgh&xyr] vuqLokj@vuqukfld] fojke fpg~u] ,dopu&cgqopuA fons'kh dgkuh iBu] 'kCnkFkZ] ekSf[kd dk;Z] cgqfodYih; iz'u] dgkuh iz'u@mRrj] fjDr LFkku] okD;ksa dks ozQe ls yxk,ยก] laca/cks/d] jkspd dgkuh loZuke o fo'ks"k.k 'kCn pqusa] okD; iz;ksxA dfork iBu] 'kCnkFkZ] ekSf[kd dk;Z] cgqfodYih; iz'u] iz'u@mRrj] iafDr;ksa dk vFkZ Li"V djsa] fozQ;k] foykse 'kCn] tklwlh leku rqdokys 'kCnA dgkuh ;k=kk o`Rrkar ikB iBu] 'kCnkFkZ] ekSf[kd dk;Z] cgqfodYih; iz'u] iz'u@mRrj] fjDr LFkku] lgh xyr] i;kZ;okph] u, 'kCn dfork cukuk] opu cnyksA dgkuh iBu] 'kCnkFkZ] ekSf[kd dk;Z] cgqfodYih; iz'u] dgkuh iz'u@mRrj] fjDr LFkku] fojke fpg~u] opu] eqgkojksa dk iz;ksx dj] okD; cukvksA dgkuh iBu] 'kCnkFkZ] ekSf[kd dk;Z] cgqfodYih; iz'u] iz'u@mRrj] 'kCnksa dks lgh ozQe ls yxkvks] foijhrkFkhZ 'kCn] i;kZ;okph] 'kCn&;qXeksa dk okD; iz;ksxA dgkuh iBu] 'kCnkFkZ] ekSf[kd dk;Z] cgqfodYih; iz'u] iz'u@mRrj] lgh xyrA vkxr 'kCn] 'kqn~/ v'kqn~/] Hkkookpd laKkA dgkuh iBu] 'kCnkFkZ] ekSf[kd dk;Z] cgqfodYih; iz'u] iz'u@mRrj] milxZ&izR;;A dfork iBu] 'kCnkFkZ] ekSf[kd dk;Z] cgqfodYih; iz'u] iz'u@mRrj] iafDr iwjh djks] lgh feyku djsa] lekukFkZd 'kCn] okD; iz;ksxA dgkuh iBu] 'kCnkFkZ] ekSf[kd dk;Z] cgqfodYih; iz'u] iz'u@mRrj] lgh o xyr] fo'ks"k.k] foykse 'kCnA

thou dkS'ky

i`"B la[;k

vius ns'k dk lEeku cuk, j[ksaA

dfBu le; ;k ifjfLFkfr esa fgEer gkjdj cSBuk ugha pkfg,A

65 70

ladV dks Hkkiยกdj mldks mik; djukA 74 ufn;ksa osQ ukeksa o LFkkuksa ls ifjfpr gksukA 79 dfBu ifjfLFkfr;ksa esa Mjuk ughaA 84 o`n~/ksa dk [;ky j[ksaA 89 egkiq#"kksa osQ thou ls vPNh ckrsa lh[kksA 92 O;FkZ dh ftn u djosQ ifjfLFkfr;ksa dks le>uk pkfg,A

thou esa n;k /eZ Js"B gSA

103

lPph yxu ls esgur djus ij lc laHko gSA

108 112 117 122

lfjrk

;g y?kq lfjrk dk cgrk tyA fdruk 'khry] fdruk fueZy fgefxfj osQ fge ls fudy&fudy] ;g foey nw/&lk fge dk ty] dj&dj fuukn dy&dy] Ny&Ny ru dk papy eu dk fog~oyA ;g y?kq lfjrk dk cgrk tyAA

m¡Qps f'k[kjksa ls mrj&mrj] fxj&fxj fxfj dh pV~Vkuksa ij] oaQdM+&oaQdM+ iSny pydj] fnu&Hkj] jtuh&Hkj] thou&Hkj] /ksrk olq/k dk varLryA ;g y?kq lfjrk dk cgrk tyAA

fge osQ iRFkj os fi?ky] fi?ky] cu x, /jk dk okfj foey] lq[k ikrk ftlls ifFkd fody] ih&ihdj vatfy Hkj e`nq ty] fur tydj Hkh fdruk 'khryA ;g y?kq lfjrk dk cgrk tyAA

fdruk dksey] fdruk oRly] js tuuh dk og varLry] ftldk ;g 'khry d#.kk ty] cgrk jgrk ;qx&;qx vfojy] xaxk] ;equk] lj;w fueZyA ;g y?kq lfjrk dk cgrk tyAA

vyadkj fganh ikB~;iqLrd&6

µxksiky flag ^usikyh*

lfjrk fueZy foey jtuh

µ µ µ µ

unh fcuk eSy dk lkI+kQ jkr

olq/k varLry oRly vfojy

µ µ µ µ

i`Foh ân; iq=kor Lusg djus okyk fujarj] yxkrkj

1- fuEufyf[kr 'kCnksa dk 'kqn~/ mPpkj.k dhft,µ fueZy] fgefxfj] fuukn] fog~oy] pV~Vku] varLry] ifFkd] vatfy] e`nq] oRly] vfojyA 2-

fuEufyf[kr iz'uksa osQ mRrj nhft,µ (d) 'khry rFkk fueZy D;k gS\ ([k) foey nw/ dh rjg D;k fn[kkbZ nsrk gS\ (x) lfjrk dk ty eu ls fdl izdkj dk gS\

lgh mRrj osQ lkeus (3) dk fpg~u yxkb,µ (d) lfjrk dk ty gSµ (v) fueZy (l) nw/&lk ([k) fnu&Hkj] jtuh&Hkj dkSu pyrk jgrk gS\ (v) lfjrk dk ty (l) cPps (x) fody ifFkd fdlls lq[k ikrk gS\ (v) Vhúohú ns[kus ls (l) lfjrk dk ty ihus ls

fuEufyf[kr iafDr;ksa osQ vFkZ Li"V dhft,µ (d) m¡Qps f'k[kjksa ls mrj&mrj] fxj&fxj fxfj dh pV~Vkuksa ij] oaQdM+&oaQdM+ iSny pydj] fnu&Hkj] jtuh&Hkj] thou&Hkj] /ksrk olq/k dk varLryA ;g y?kq lfjrk dk cgrk tyAA]

fuEufyf[kr iz'uksa osQ mRrj fyf[k,µ (d) lfjrk osQ ty dks oSQlk crk;k x;k gS\ ([k) lfjrk dk ty dgk¡ ls vk jgk gS\ (x) lfjrk osQ ty dks papy D;kas crk;k x;k gS\ (?k) ifFkd lfjrk osQ ty ls fdl izdkj lq[k ikrk gS\ (Ä) lfjrk dk ty dc ls cg jgk gS\

uhps fn, x, fjDr LFkkuksa dh iwfrZ dhft,µ (d) fgefxfj osQ fudy&fudy] Ny&Ny dj&dj fuukn ru dk papy A dk cgrk tyAA ([k) lq[k ikrk ftlls vatfyHkj e`nq ty] Hkh fdruk 'khryA fur ;g dk cgrk tyAA

fuEufyf[kr 'kCnksa osQ opu cnfy,µ (d) lfjrk µ ([k) ifFkd µ (x) pV~Vkusa µ (?k) f'k[kj µ (Ä) fnuksa µ

vyadkj fganh ikB~;iqLrd&6

fuEufyf[kr 'kCnksa osQ rhu&rhu i;kZ;okph fyf[k,µ (d) nw/ µ ([k) papy µ (x) ty µ (?k) olq/k µ (Ä) lfjrk µ (p) f'k[kj µ (N) tuuh µ (t) jtuh µ

fuEufyf[kr 'kCnksa osQ foijhrkFkZd 'kCn fyf[k,µ (d) y?kq X (x) 'khry X (Ä) m¡Qpk X (N) fnu X

([k) (?k) (p) (t)

fueZy fuukn e`nq thou

X X X X

vyadkj fganh ikB~;iqLrd&6

cPpk&pksj

l`f"V vkSj rUe; bafM;k xsV ij fidfud eukus tkuk pkgrs Fks] ysfdu ikik dh O;Lrrk osQ dkj.k ,slk ugha gks ikrk FkkA vkf[kj ,d fnu vkus okys jfookj dks tkuk r; gks x;kA ikik&eEeh Hkh lkFk tkus okys FksA tc 'kke dks ikik vk, rks cPpksa us dgk] ^^ikik] vkus okys jfookj dks ge lHkh bafM;k xsV fidfud osQ fy, ”k:j tk,¡xsA** ikik us viuh lgefr ns nhA ^^Bhd gS] jfookj dks ge bafM;k xsV tk,¡xsA eSaus vius lg;ksxh frokjh th ls dg fn;k gS fd os Hkh vius ifjokj osQ lkFk ogha igq¡p tk,¡] muosQ nks cPps jksew vkSj jksfgr osQ lkFk rqe [ksyuk&owQnuk] e”ks djukA** jfookj dks nksuksa cPpksa us iqQVckWy vkSj cSMfeaVu vius cSx esa j[k fy,A eEeh ls dgk fd yap osQ fy, Nksys vkSj iwjh cuk ysaA

vyadkj fganh ikB~;iqLrd&6

^^frokjh th vkSj mudk ifjokj Hkh jkLrs esa gSA eSaus vHkh&vHkh muls ckr dh gS]** ikik us xkM+h pykrs gq, dgkA ^^ikik] xkM+h rs”k pykb, rkfd ge tYnh&ls&tYnh ogk¡ igq¡p losaQA** rUe; vkSj l`f"V ls dgkA jfookj dh otg ls bafM;k xsV osQ ikl okys ikoZQ esa cgqr HkhM+ FkhA jktiFk osQ fdukjs cSywu okys] f[kykSus okys viuk&viuk lkeku csp jgs Fks] dbZ cPps iqQVckWy vkSj cSMfeaVu [ksy jgs Fks] rks dbZ njh fcNkdj [kk&ih jgs FksA frokjh th us ,d txg <w¡<+ yh Fkh vkSj bu yksxksa dk bartkj dj jgs FksA tYnh gh l`f"V osQ ikik Hkh lHkh dks ysdj ogk¡ igq¡p x,A njh fcNkdj fidfud ckLosQV dks j[k fn;k x;kA l`f"V vkSj rUe; us iqQVckWy rFkk cSMfeaVu fudky fy, vkSj jksew rFkk jksfgr osQ lkFk [ksyus yxsA jksfgr vHkh 5 lky dk FkkA og lcls NksVk Fkk blfy, cM+s cPpksa dks mldk è;ku j[kus osQ fy, dgk x;k Fkk] tYnh gh rUe;] l`f"V vkSj jksew ,d&nwljs ls ?kqy&fey x,A ,d v”kuch bu cPpksa dks xkSj ls nsj jgk Fkk] og /hjs&/hjs jksfgr dh vksj c<+ jgk FkkA ikl igq¡pdj og jksfgr ls cksyk] ^^D;k rqe cSywu ls [ksyuk pkgrs gks\ eSa rqEgkjs lkFk [ksyw¡xkA** jksfgr [kq'k gksdj mlosQ lkFk pyus yxkA l`f"V [ksyrs gq, Hkh jksfgr ij u”kj j[ks gq, Fkh] ysfdu [ksyrs gq, mlus tc jksfgr dh vksj ns[kk] rks og viuh txg ij ugha Fkk] mlus pkjksa vksj ns[kk] ij jksfgr ugha fn[kkbZ fn;kA og fpYykdj cksyh] ^^rUe;] jksfgr dgk¡ gS\** rUe; vkSj jksew us Hkh pkjksa vksj ns[kk ij jksfgr u”kj ugha vk;kA vpkud l`f"V dh u”kj jksfgr ij iM+h] tks ,d v”kuch osQ lkFk tk jgk FkkA ^^eEeh] ns[kks] dksbZ jksfgr dks ysdj tk jgk gSA** l`f"V us eEeh ls fpYykrs gq, dgkA lHkh ml v”kuch dh vksj nkSM+ iM+sA [krjk Hkk¡idj og vkneh jksfgr dks NksM+dj Hkkxus yxkA frokjh th fpYyk,] ^^jksdks --- pksj --- pksj --- idM+ks mlsA og esjs cPps dks pqjkus dh dksf'k'k dj jgk FkkA** HkhM+ ml vkneh dh vksj nkSM+ iM+h vkSj mls Hkkxus ls igys idM+ fy;kA nksuksa ifjokjksa osQ yksx Hkh ogk¡ igq¡p x,A jksfgr viuh eEeh dh xksn esa p<+ x;kA og vkneh cPpk&pksj FkkA og ,sls cPpksa dks ryk'krk Fkk] ftl ij mlosQ ifjokjokyksa dh u”kj u gks] fiQj mls cSywu vkSj f[kykSus dk ykyp nsdj ikl cqykrk Fkk vkSj mldk vigj.k dj ysrk FkkA HkhM+ us ml vkneh dks iqfyl dks lkSai fn;kA ^^gesa vius cPpksa osQ izfr lroZQ jguk pkfg,]** baLisDVj us dgk] fiQj l`f"V dh vksj ns[krs gq, dgk] ^^l`f"V] rqe LekVZ vkSj cgknqj gksA rqeus jksfgr dks cpk;k gSA ;fn rqeus le; jgrs jksfgr dks ugha ns[kk gksrk rks vkt 'kk;n jksfgr gesa ugha feyrkA** lHkh us l`f"V dh iz'kalk dhA jksfgr us l`f"V dks I;kj fd;k vkSj mlosQ xys yx x;kA

vyadkj fganh ikB~;iqLrd&6

O;Lrrk lg;ksxh v”kuch vpkud

µ µ µ µ

yhurk] fozQ;k'khyrk lkFkh vutku ,dk,d

[krjk µ ladV ryk'kuk µ [kkstuk] <w¡<+uk lroZQ µ lko/ku] pkSdUuk

1- fuEufyf[kr 'kCnksa dk 'kqn~/ mPpkj.k dhft,µ l`f"V] rUe;] fidfud] O;Lrrk] lgefr] ckWLosQV] v”kuch] vpkud] Hkk¡idj] baLisDVjA 2-

fuEufyf[kr iz'uksa osQ mRrj nhft,µ (d) cPps fidfud ij dgk¡ tkuk pkgrs Fks\ ([k) cPpksa us viuh ckr fdlls dgh\ (x) cPps fidfud ij fdl fnu x,\

lgh mRrj osQ lkeus (3) dk fpg~u yxkb,µ (d) cPps fidfud ij dgk¡ tkuk pkgrs Fks\ (v) yky fdyk (l) fpfM+;k?kj ([k) lc fidfud ij fdl fnu x,\ (v) lkseokj (l) jfookj (x) ikik osQ lg;ksxh dkSu Fks\ (v) 'kekZ th (l) frokjh th

vyadkj fganh ikB~;iqLrd&6

fdlus (d) ([k) (x) (?k)

dgk\] fdlls dgk\ ^^Bhd gS] ge bafM;k xsV tk,¡xsA** ^^ikik] xkM+h rs”k pykvksA** ^^D;k rqe cSywu ls [ksyuk pkgrs gks\** ^^rUe;] jksfgr dgk¡ gS\**

fdlus dgk\

fdlls dgk\

3- fuEufyf[kr iz'uksa osQ mRrj fyf[k,µ

(d) cPps fdlosQ lkFk fidfud ij tkuk pkgrs Fks\

([k) frokjh th osQ cPpksa osQ D;k uke Fks\

(x) cPps [ksyus osQ fy, vius lkFk D;k&D;k ysdj x,\

(?k) cPpksa esa lcls NksVk dkSu Fkk\

(Ä) cPpk&pksj us jksfgr dks D;k ykyp fn;k\

4- fuEufyf[kr fjDr LFkkuksa dh iwfrZ dhft,µ

(d) Bhd gS] jfookj dks ge

([k) l`f"V vkSj rUe; us

(x)

(?k) og ,sls cPpksa dks (Ä) gesa vius cPpksa osQ izfr

fuEufyf[kr 'kCnksa osQ rhu&rhu i;kZ;okph 'kCn fyf[k,µ (d) jkLrk µ ([k) lg;ksxh µ (x) u”kj µ (?k) firk µ (Ä) [krjk µ

tk,¡xsA rFkk

fudky fy,A

og vkneh jksfgr dks NksM+dj Hkkxus yxkA FkkA jguk pkfg,A

vyadkj fganh ikB~;iqLrd&6

fuEufyf[kr 'kCnksa dks muosQ i;kZ;okph 'kCnksa ls feykb,µ firk vo'; cPps izlUu ”k:j ikik [kq'k ckyd eEeh izrh{kk è;ku [kkstuk <w¡<+uk ns[kHkky bar”kkj ek¡

fuEufyf[kr 'kCnksa osQ mfpr foijhr fyax ij (3) dk fpg~u (d) L=kh µ fL=k;k¡ iq#"k ([k) yM+dk µ yM+dh yM+osQ (x) ckyd µ ckydksa ckfydk (?k) iq=k µ iq=kks iqf=k;k¡

fuEufyf[kr 'kCnksa osQ foykse 'kCn fyf[k,µ (d) 'kke X (x) lgefr X (Ä) tYnh X (N) vtuch X

vyadkj fganh ikB~;iqLrd&6

([k) (?k) (p) (t)

yxkb,µ vkneh yM+dksa ckfydkvksa iq=kh

rs”k fpYykuk lroZQ NksVk

X X X X

xkS'kkyk

ml fnu fjef>e&fjef>e o"kkZ gks jgh FkhA vkt LowQy ugha tkuk gksxkA xq# th dh ml gjh&gjh [ktwj dh NM+h ls gh NqV~Vh ugha feyh] dHkh vk¡xu esa tkdj ukpw¡xk] ugkm¡Qxk_ dHkh ikuh osQ cqycqyksa ls [ksyw¡xk] [kq'k gksm¡Qxk vkSj mlosQ ckn xjekxje f[kpM+h [kkdj dkdh dh xksn esa lks tkm¡QxkA foaQrq ml o"kkZ esa Hkh ns[kkµxk¡o osQ jkeiQy dkdk dhpM+ ls lus] flj ij Nkrk vks<+s] ysfdu ”;knkrj Hkhxrs c<+s tk jgs gSa] esjs iM+kslh vDdy osQ njok”ks dh vksjA jkeiQy dkdk esjs xk¡o osQ lcls /uh] foaQrq oaQtwl O;fDr gSaA vDdy] ,d xjhc e”knwj] foaQrq gjiQuekSykA ^^vDdy] ”kjk pyksA Hkkul?kj osQ [kiM+s m?kM+ tkus ls lewpk ?kj ikuh&ikuh gks jgk gS] [kkuk&ihuk can gS] pyks] ”kjk [kiM+ksa dks nq#Lr dj nks] cky&cPps Hkw[ks NViVk jgs gSaA** ^^esjh rch;r Bhd ughaµekI+kQ dhft,] rch;r Bhd gksrh rks gqoqQe flj vk¡[kksa ijA** vDdy jkeiQy dkdk dk dke izk;% gh djrk] foaQrq mls lcls ”;knk rks bl ckr ls fp<+ Fkh fd oaQtwlh osQ ekjs vPNs fnuksa esa rks ;s ?kj nq#Lr ugha djkrs vkSj bl vki+Qr esa tku ysus vk, gSa tSls xjhc dh nsg] nsg ugha! vkSj mls lnhZ yx xbZ Fkh] og jg&jgdj [kk¡lrk Fkk] ;g ckr rks ge iM+kslh tkurs gh FksA foaQrq jkeiQy dkdk osQ lke&nke&naM&Hksn osQ lkeus mls >qduk iM+kA iQVh dkyh oaQcyh vks<+s vDdy dks eSaus jkeiQy dkdk osQ ihNs&ihNs tkrs ns[kkA vDdy! ik¡p gkFk dk yack toku! jaxµogh Hkkjr osQ vkfnokfl;ksa dk] vk;ks± osQ jDr&feJ.k dk izHkko jax ij u iM+dj vkdkj ij gh iM+k FkkA gV~Vk&dV~Vk! ftl [ksr dh dksmQuh esa vDdy igq¡pk] mlosQ [kj&ikr vDdy osQ uke ij jks,A mldh oqQnky D;k Fkhµij'kqjke vkSj cyjke osQ oqQBkj vkSj gy dh f[kM+dh! mlosQ tSlk eghu tksrus okyk gyokgk dgk¡ feysxk\ ?kj cukus esa rks mLrknA xk¡o esa ftrus vPNs edku gSa] pkgs mudh nhokj cukus esa] pkgs NIij esa] vDdy dk oqQ'ky gkFk ”k:j gSA jkeiQy dkdk dk og 'kkunkj c¡xyk vDdy dh okLrq&fon~;k osQ vikj Kku dk ,d mRo`Q"V uewuk gSA vius bu xq.kksa osQ pyrs vDdy e”knwj gksdj Hkh dkiQh [kq'kkensa ikrk FkkµiSls HkhA mlosQ nks csVs vkSj ,d csVh FkhA csVksa dk ykyu&ikyu mlus vkSdkr ls ”;knk vPNs <ax ls fd;k vkSj csVh dks rks og bl 'kku ls j[krk fd xk¡o dh ^ccqb;k¡* Hkh eu&gh&eu fp<+rhaA

vyadkj fganh ikB~;iqLrd&6

vDdy dh mnkjrk dh ppkZ gksrhA xk¡o esa dHkh lk/q&lar vkrs rks mudh lsok vDdy ”k:j djrkA og dke djus esa jk{kl FkkA mldh vkenuh lk/kj.k e”knwjksa ls ”;knk rks Fkh gh] mlus ,d xk; Hkh iky j[kh Fkh vkSj nks&rhu cdfj;k¡ HkhA buls Hkh dkiQh iSls vkrsA eSa vc 'kgjh tho gw¡A dHkh&dHkh eu cgykus dks vius xk¡o pyk tkrk gw¡A ,d fnu vius njok”ks ij cSBk] eSa ,d foyk;rh eSx”khu i<+ jgk FkkA ,d NksVh&lh :i dFkk FkhA eSa lksprkµmI+kQ! ;s fons'kh dykdkj oSQlh thoar rlohjsa [khaprs gSaA dye gS ;k jaxhu ow¡Qph! ^^lyke ccqvk!** vk¡[ksa u mBhaA eSa oqQN i<+us esa xoZQ Fkk] oqQN xoZQ gksus dk Lokax Hkj jgk Fkk] oqQN mis{kk Hkh FkhA fnu Hkj nsgkfr;ksa osQ ekjs ijs'kku tks jgrk gw¡A fiQj ogh vkok”k\ eSaus vk¡[k mBkbZA ,d yoqQfV;k vkSj nks lw[ks iSjksa osQ lgkjs] rhu Vk¡xksa osQ tkuoj&lk >qdk ,d vkneh fn[kkbZ iM+kA psgjs ij xkSj fd;kµdkys psgjs dks lI+ksQn ckyksa osQ Bw¡B Hk;kud cuk jgs Fks_ xnZu yxkrkj fgy jgh FkhA ^^eSa ccqvk] vDdyA** eSa pkSad iM+kA D;k ogh vDdy vkt ,slk gks x;k\ cspkjk vDdy vc Hkh[k ek¡xrk gS ftlus xk¡o&Hkj dks ?kj fn;k] ogh cs?kj&ckj dk gSA ,d cPpk tkrk jgk] csVh 'kknh gksrs gh viuh llqjky vyadkj fganh ikB~;iqLrd&6

py nhA csVh rks ijk;s dh gksrh gSA mldh I;kjh iRuh cq/uh Hkh py clhA dksbZ dke&/ke mlls cu iM+rk ughaA bruh dekbZ rks dHkh gqbZ ugha fd bruk laxzg dj ikrk fd bu cqjs fnuksa dks lq[k&pSu ls dkVrkA flok; Hkh[k osQ nwljk pkjk D;k Fkk\ vkSj Hkh[k Hkh D;k lnk feyrh gS\ Hkw[k&I;kl dk ekjk vDdy gM~Mh dk <k¡pk cu jgk gSA ^^ccqvk] eSa rqels Hkh[k ek¡xus ugha vk;k] ,d ukfy'k djus vk;k gw¡µccqvk] rqEgha balkI+kQ djks] rks gks_ ugha rks jkeiQy ckcw osQ eqdkcys ij dkSu thHk [kksys\** vDdy us dFkk lqukbZA fdl rjg f”kanxh dh mBku osQ le; mlus viuh iwjh 'kfDr jkeiQy ckcw dh e”knwjh esa nh] fdl rjg mudh fdruh gh ijrh ”kehu dks mlus gjkµHkjk [ksr cuk Mkyk] fdl rjg mlus muosQ i'kq&/u dh o`n~f/ dh] fdl rjg mlus ;s edku cuk,] ftu ij iM+ksl osQ cM+s&cM+s i'kqvksa dks bZ";kZ gksrh gS] ysfdu vkSj ckrsa tk,¡ tgUuqe esa] vDdy osQ lkFk vkt ,d egku vU;k; fd;k x;k FkkA tkM+s osQ fnuA u ?kj] u diM+kA jkeiQy dkdk osQ njok”ks ij ,d cM+k ^?kwj* yxrk gSA cspkjk vDdy fnu&Hkj Hkh[k ek¡xrk] jkr esa muosQ iqvky osQ Mky esa ?kqldj lks tkrk vkSj tc dHkh tkM+k yxrk] muosQ ?kwjs esa tkdj vkx rkirk] foaQrq vkt jkeiQy dkdk us mls ogk¡ ls fudky fn;k gSA D;ksa\ D;ksafd og jkr&Hkj rkidj vkx [kRe dj nsrk gSA ^^ckcw] f”kanxh&Hkj mudh lsok dhA bl cq<+kis esa [kkuk&ihuk] diM+k&yRrk] ?kj&nqvkj nsus ls jgs] D;k ?kwjs dh vkx ls Hkh eq>s eg:e fd;k tkuk pkfg,\** ;g Fkh mldh nyhyA eSa D;k ”kokc nsrk\ esjh vk¡[kksa eas cpiu dk cjlkr okyk n`'; ukp mBkA vk¡[kksa dh cjlkr us 'kk;n mRrj nsuk pkgkA 'kgj esa xkS'kkyk dk mRlo FkkA eSa mlesa 'kkfey gksdj vius xk¡o dh vksj tk jgk FkkA eq>s [kq'kh gks jgh Fkh] xkS'kkyk osQ laca/ esa esjs xk¡o dh Hkh ppkZ gqbZ FkhA jkeiQy dkdk us nks xkM+h iqvky xkS'kkyk osQ fy, fn;k FkkA xkS'kkyk osQ ea=kh us bldk mYys[k fd;k FkkA xkS'kkyk&cw<+h] vikfg”k xkSvksa] cSyksa dh j{kk osQ fy, fdruk lqanj izca/! Hkyk] ftu xkSvksa us gesa f”kanxh&Hkj nw/ vkSj cNM+s fn,] ftu cSyksa us viuh gM~fM;k¡ ?kqykdj ”kehu dks ”kj[kst cuk;k] muosQ cq<+kis dk rks dksbZ izca/ gksuk pkfg,A xkS'kkyk] euq"; dh euq";rk dk ,d lqanj izrhdA ;ksa gh lkbfdy ljljkrk] lksprk pyk tk jgk Fkk fd jkLrs esa >qosQ vkneh dh lwjr fn[k iM+hA ;g vDdy! ^^dgk¡ pys] vDdy\** ^^xk¡o esa vc xq”kj ugha gksrk] ccqvk tk jgk gw¡] dgha ek¡x&ek¡xdj [kkm¡Qxk jke&uke ysrsA** vDdy vius xk¡o dks lnk osQ fy, NksM+dj tk jgk gS\ dgk¡ tgk¡ dgha Hkh mls isV osQ [kM~M osQ fy, eqV~Bh&Hkj vUu vkSj bl 'kjhj osQ fy, rhu gkFk ”kehu fey tk,A euq"; us cw<+s i'kqvksa osQ fy, xkS'kkyk,¡ cuokb±_ foaQrq cw<+s euq";ksa osQ fy,\ jkeiQy dkdk dks cw<+h xk;ksa ls bruh eqgCcr vkSj ml cw<+s vkneh osQ fy,] ftlosQ ---\ µegknsoh oekZ

vyadkj fganh ikB~;iqLrd&6

nq#Lr vkI+kQr feJ.k izHkko

µ µ µ µ

Bhd] lgh ijs'kkuh feyk&tqyk gqvk vlj

mLrkn vkSdkr xoZQ ukfy'k

µ µ µ µ

ekfgj] oqQ'ky gSfl;r O;Lr iQfj;kn] izkFkZuk

1- fuEufyf[kr 'kCnksa osQ 'kqn~/ mPpkj.k dhft,µ fjef>e] oaQtwl] gqoqQe] feJ.k] oqQnky] gyokgk] okLrq&fon~;k] [kq'kkensa] mnkjrk] eSx”khuA 2-

fuEufyf[kr iz'uksa osQ mRrj nhft,µ (d) cPpk NqV~Vh gksus ij D;k&D;k djsxk\ ([k) cPpk fdldh xksn esa tkdj lksuk pkgrk gS\ (x) dhpM+ esa Nkrk yxk, dkSu pyk tk jgk Fkk\

fuEufyf[kr iz'uksa osQ lgh mRrj osQ lkeus (3) dk fpg~u yxkb,µ (d) cPpk [kk,xk xjekxjeµ (v) tysch (c) jlxqYyk (l) f[kpM+h (n) jktek&pkoy ([k) jkeiQy dkdk Fks oaQtwl vkSjµ (v) /uh (c) fu/Zu (l) ykpkj (n) >wBs (x) jkeiQy dkdk osQ ihNs&ihNs py iM+kµ (v) vDdy (c) vDdM+ (l) cDdM+ (n) pDdy

vyadkj fganh ikB~;iqLrd&6

fjDr LFkkuksa dh iwfrZ dhft,µ (d) vkt tkuk ugha gksxkA ”kjk pyksA ([k) (x) vkSj mls lnhZ yx xbZ Fkh] og jg&jgdj (?k) ;s fons'kh dykdkj oSQlh thoar (Ä) cspkjk vc Hkh[k ek¡xrk gSA

fuEufyf[kr iz'uksa osQ mRrj fyf[k,µ (d) jkeiQy dkdk oSQls Fks\ ([k) vDdy us jkeiQy dkdk osQ lkFk u tkus dk D;k cgkuk cuk;k\ (x) vDdy ns[kus esa oSQlk Fkk\ (?k) vDdy osQ fdrus cPps Fks vkSj og mUgsa oSQls j[krk Fkk\ (Ä) jkeiQy dkdk us vDdy dks ?kwjs ls D;ksa fudky fn;k\

fdlus (d) ([k) (x) (?k) (Ä)

fuEufyf[kr 'kCnksa esa ls fo'ks"k.k vkSj fo'ks"; Nk¡Vdj vyx&vyx fyf[k,µ (d) oaQtwl O;fDr µ ([k) eksVk gyokgk µ (x) nks xkM+h iqvky µ (?k) lcls /uh µ (Ä) cw<+s cSy µ

dgk\] fdlls dgk\ ^^esjh rfc;r Bhd ughaµekI+kQ dhft,] rfc;r Bhd gksrh rks gqoqQe flj vk¡[kksa ijA** ^^lyke ccqvk!** ^^eSa ccqvk] vDdyA** ^^dgk¡ pys] vDdy\** ^^xk¡o esa vc xqtj ugha gksrk] ccqvk tk jgk gw¡] dgha ek¡x&ek¡x dj [kkm¡Qxk jke&uke ysrsA**

FkkA [khaprs gSaA

fdlus dgk\

fdlls dgk\

vyadkj fganh ikB~;iqLrd&6

fuEufyf[kr 'kCnksa osQ vFkZ fy[kdj vius okD;ksa esa iz;ksx dhft,µ (d) mYysf[k µ ([k) ?kwj µ (x) xkS'kkyk µ (?k) naM µ (Ä) eg:e µ

fuEufyf[kr iz'uokpd loZukeksa dk iz;ksx djosQ okD; cukb,µ (d) dc µ ([k) D;ksa µ (x) dgk¡ µ (?k) oSQls µ (Ä) fdldk µ

v'kqn~/ dks 'kqn~/ dfj,µ (d) NVkiVk µ ([k) vknhokfl;ksa µ (x) fnokj µ

fuEufyf[kr 'kCnksa osQ foykse 'kCn fyf[k,µ (d) balkiQ X (x) vU;k; X (Ä) cq<+kik X (N) lqanj X

vyadkj fganh ikB~;iqLrd&6

(?k) jk{kkl µ (Ä) lk/j.k µ (p) nsgfr;ksa µ ([k) (?k) (p) (t)

Hkyk eqgCcr lq[k ijk;k

X X X X

+ ekSykuk vcqy dyke vktkn

vkt ls yxHkx ,d 'krkCnh igys ,d O;fDr ckjg o"kZ dh vk;q iwjh gksus ls igys gh iqLrdky;] okpuky; vkSj okn&fookn izfr;ksfxrk vk;ksftr djus dh laLFkk pyk jgk FkkA tc og ianzg o"kZ dk gqvk rks vius ls nqxquh vk;q osQ fon~;kfFkZ;ksa dh ,d d{kk dks i<+k jgk FkkA rsjg ls vV~Bkjg o"kZ dh vk;q osQ chp cgqr&lh if=kdkvksa dk laiknu dj jgk FkkA bl ckyd dk uke Fkkµvcqy dyke] tks vkxs pydj Lora=krk izkfIr osQ la?k"kZ dk ,d egku uk;d cukA ekSykuk vcqy dyke vk”kkn dk tUe 11 uoacj lu 1888 bZú dks eDdk uxj esa gqvk FkkA buosQ firk dk uke ekSykuk [ks#n~nhu FkkA budh ek¡ enhuk osQ eqÝ+rh dh iq=kh FkhaA budk cpiu enhuk esa chrkA budk ifjokj 1890 esa Hkkjr ykSV vk;k vkSj dksydkrk esa cl x;kA ekSykuk vcqy dyke dks iqLrd i<+us dk cgqr 'kkSd FkkA ;s cM+h oqQ'kkxz cqn~f/ osQ FksA ,d ckj ;s tks i<+ ysrs Fks] bUgsa tYnh ls ;kn gks tkrk FkkA bUgksaus lkfgR; n'kZu vkSj xf.kr vkfn fo"k;ksa dk xgu vè;;u fd;k FkkA bUgsa cpiu ls gh 'kk;jh vkSj xn~;&ys[ku dk 'kkSd FkkA viuh blh #fp osQ dkj.k bUgkasus le;&le; ij vusd i=k&if=kdk,¡ fudkyha vkSj Lo;a mudk laiknu fd;kA budh igyh if=kdk ûSjaxs vkye* gSA vcqy dyke vk”kkn dh ;ksX;rk ls yksxksa dk ifjp; rc gqvk tc bUgksaus ^fylkuqy flnd* uked ,d nwljk i=k izdkf'kr fd;kA blosQ ekè;e ls rRdkyhu eqfLye lekt esa iSQys va/fo'okl dks ;s lekIr djuk pkgrs FksA ^vatqeu fgnk;rqy bLyke* osQ ykgkSj vf/os'ku esa ys[kdksa ,oa dfo;ksa osQ lkeus 15&16 o"kZ dk ,d ckyd cksyus osQ fy, vkxs c<+k rks yksxksa dh vk¡[ksa vk'p;Z ls [kqy xb±A ml ckyd us djhc <kbZ ?kaVs rd fcuk fyf[kr :i osQ lh/s viuk Hkk"k.k fn;kA bl ?kVuk osQ ckn i=kdkfjrk osQ {ks=k esa vcqy dyke dh /kd te xbZA vkxs pydj bUgksaus ^vyund* vkSj ôdhy* lfgr dbZ i=k&if=kdkvksa dk laiknu fd;kA lu 1912 esa bUgksaus viuk izfln~/ v[kckj ^vy&fgyky* vkjaHk fd;kA ml v[kckj us yksxksa esa tkx`fr dh ygj vkjaHk dhA vkf[kj ljdkj us ^vy fgyky* dh 2]000 #ú vkSj 10]000 #ú dh ”kekursa ”kCr dj yhaA ekSykuk vk”kkn dks ljdkj osQ f[kykI+kQ yM+us osQ tqeZ esa caxky ls ckgj Hkst fn;k x;kA ;s pkj o"kZ ls vf/d le; rd jk¡ph esa oSQn jgsA blh laca/ esa xk¡/h th us dgk fd ^êq>s [kq'kh gS fd eq>s ekSykuk vk”kkn osQ lkFk dke djus dk ekSdk feyk gSA ;s Hkkjrh; jk"Vªh; dkaxzsl osQ egku usrkvksa eas

vyadkj fganh ikB~;iqLrd&6

ls ,d gSaA ;g ckr fdlh dks Hkwyuh ugha pkfg,A** jk"Vªh; xfrfof/;ksa eas lfozQ; jgus osQ dkj.k bUgsa dbZ ckj tsy tkuk iM+kA

1923 bZú esa bUgsa Hkkjrh; jk"Vªh; dkaxzsl osQ fo'ks"k vf/os'ku dk vè;{k pquk x;kA ekSykuk vk”kkn lPps jk"Vªoknh vkSj fganw&eqfLye ,drk osQ i{k/j FksA 15 vxLr 1947 dks Hkkjr vk”kkn gqvk vkSj tokgjyky usg: us iz/kuea=kh dk in laHkkykA eaf=keaMy esa ekSykuk dks f'k{kk&ea=kh dk in fn;k x;kA ekSykuk us f'k{kk] dyk] laxhr vkSj lkfgR; osQ {ks=k esa mYys[kuh; dk;Z fd,A f'k{kk&ea=kh osQ :i esa ekSykuk vk”kkn osQ lEeq[k nks y{; Fksµ^jk"Vªh; ,drk dh LFkkiuk* vkSj ^Hkkjr osQ dY;k.k osQ fy, f'k{kk dh uohu O;oLFkk djuk*A ekSykuk vk”kkn yxHkx 10 o"kZ rd f'k{kk&ea=kh jgsA bUgksaus izkS<+ rFkk efgyk f'k{kk ij vR;f/d cy fn;kA ;s ekurs Fks fd ;fn efgyk f'kf{kr gksxh rks og vius iwjs ifjokj dks f'kf{kr cuk losQxhA jk"Vªh; ,drk] /kfeZd lfg".kqrk rFkk ns'k&izse dk vuwBk vkn'kZ izLrqr djus okyk egku] lkglh lkfgR;dkj] i=kdkj rFkk mPp dksfV dk jktusrk 22 iQjojh lu 1958 bZú dks gekjs chp ls lnk&lnk osQ fy, fonk gks x;kA bUgas fnYyh dh tkek efLtn osQ fudV ijsM eSnku esa nI+kQuk;k x;kA vyadkj fganh ikB~;iqLrd&6

'krkCnh Lora=krk la?k"kZ oqQ'kkxz

µ µ µ µ

lkS lky vk”kknh yM+kbZ rs”k

xgu µ xaHkhj] xgjkbZ ls vf/os'ku µ lHkk lEeq[k µ lkeus

1- fuEufyf[kr 'kCnksa dk 'kqn~/ mPpkj.k dhft,µ 'krkCnh] izfr;ksfxrk] fon~;kfFkZ;ksa] oqQ'kkxz] laca/] laiknu] lkfgR;] vè;;u] vf/os'ku] lfozQ;] lEeq[kA 2-

fuEufyf[kr iz'uksa osQ mRrj nhft,µ (d) vcqy dyke 12 o"kZ dh vk;q esa D;k&D;k djrs Fks\ ([k) vcqy dyke osQ firk dk uke D;k Fkk\ (x) vcqy dyke dk ifjokj Hkkjr dc ykSVk\ (?k) Hkkjr vkdj vcqy dyke dk ifjokj dgk¡ clk\

fuEufyf[kr iz'uksa osQ lgh mRrj osQ lkeus (3) dk fpg~u yxkb,µ (d) Lora=krk&la?k"kZ dk egkuk;d fdls dgk x;k gSµ (c) vcqy dyke osQ fe=kksa dks (v) vcqy dyke dks (l) vcqy dyke osQ ifjokj&tuksa dks (n) buesa ls fdlh dks ugha ([k) ekSykuk vcqy dyke dks fdlh ph”k 'kkSd Fkk\ (c) u, diM+s [kjhnus dk (v) fdrkcsa i<+us dk (l) ck”kkj esa ?kweus dk (n) lkbfdy pykus dk

vyadkj fganh ikB~;iqLrd&6

(x) vcqy dyke dh igyh if=kdk dk D;k uke Fkk\ (v) cSjaxs vkye (c) uSjaxs vkye (l) frjaxs vkye (n) iraxs vkye

fuEufyf[kr fjDr LFkkuksa dh iwfrZ dhft,µ f'k{kkea=kh] eDdk&enhuk] 11 uoacj] iqLrd] fganw&eqfLye ,drk (d) ekSykuk vcqy dyke dk tUe dks gqvk FkkA ([k) ekSykuk vcqy dyke dk cpiu esa chrkA i<+us dk cgqr 'kkSd FkkA (x) ekSykuk vcqy dyke dks (?k) muosQ fe'ku dk ,d vax FkkA (Ä) ekSykuk vk”kkn yxHkx 10 o"kZ rd esa jgsA

fuEufyf[kr iz'uksa osQ mRrj fyf[k,µ (d) ekSykuk vcqy dyke vk”kkn dk tUe dc vkSj dgk¡ gqvk Fkk\ ([k) ^vy&fgyky* v[kckj dh ”kekur ”kCr gksus dk D;k dkj.k Fkk\ (x) xk¡/h th us vcqy dyke vk”kkn osQ fo"k; esa D;k dgk\ (?k) ekSykuk vcqy dyke vk”kkn n~okjk fy[kh fdrkcksa ,oa if=kdkvksa dh lwph cukb,A (Ä) ekSykuk vcqy dyek vk”kkn us fdudh f'k{kk ij vR;f/d ”kksj fn;k\

lgh dFkuksa osQ lkeus (3) vkSj xyr dFkuksa osQ lkeus (7) osQ fpg~u yxkb,µ (d) ekSykuk vcqy dyke us vusd if=kdkvksa dk laiknu fd;kA ([k) vcqy dyke dks cpiu esa [ksyus dk cgqr 'kkSd FkkA (x) vcqy dyke dks 'kk;jh dk Hkh 'kkSd FkkA (?k) ^vy&fgyky* ekSykuk vcqy dyke dk izfln~/ v[kckj FkkA (Ä) ekSykuk vcqy dyke dbZ o"kk±s rd iz/kuea=kh jgsA

fuEufyf[kr 'kCnksa (d) yM+dk ([k) if=kdk,¡ (x) ekrk

osQ fyax ifjofrZr dhft,µ µ µ µ

vyadkj fganh ikB~;iqLrd&6

(?k) dfo µ (Ä) efgyk µ (p) f'k"; µ

fuEufyf[kr okD;ksa esa loZuke 'kCnksa dks js[kkafdr dhft,µ (d) og ckjg o"kZ dh vk;q ls gh okn&fookn izfr;ksfxrk,¡ vk;ksftr djus yxkA ([k) mUgksaus lkfgR; n'kZu vkSj xf.kr vkfn fo"k;ksa dk xgu vè;;u fd;kA (x) ml yM+osQ us djhc <kbZ ?kaVs rd fcuk fyf[kr :i osQ lh/s viuk Hkk"k.k fn;kA (?k) ;g ckr fdlh dks Hkwyuh ugha pkfg,A

3- fuEufyf[kr iafDr;ksa esa mfpr fojke&fpg~u yxkdj iqu% fyf[k,µ (d) yxHkx ,d 'krkCnh igys ,d O;fDr ckjg o"kZ dh vk;q iwjh gksus ls igys gh iqLrdky; okpuky; vkSj okn fookn izfr;ksfxrk,¡ vk;ksftr djus dh laLFkk pyk jgk Fkk ([k) bl ckyd dk uke Fkk vcqy dyke tks vkxs pydj Lora=krk la?k"kZ dk egku uk;d cuk (x) bUgksaus le; le; ij vusd i=k if=kdk,¡ fudkyha (?k) ljdkj us vy fgyky dh 2000 # rFkk 10000 #dh tekursa tCr dj yha 4-

fuEufyf[kr 'kCnksa osQ foykse 'kCn fyf[k,µ (d) Lora=krk X (x) fyf[kr X (Ä) vkjaHk X (N) [kq'kh X

([k) (?k) (p) (t)

cpiu f'kf{kr uohu lfozQ;

X X X X

vyadkj fganh ikB~;iqLrd&6

ekQ+ dj nhft,

^^dksf'k'k ugha djsa**] eEeh cksyh] ^^csVh ,d ckr lquks --- rqe [kkuk er [kkuk ij njok”kk [kksydj [kqydj rks crkvks fd ;g ukjk”kxh fdl dkj.k ls gSA** mlus njoktk [kksyk] eEeh us mls Nwuk pkgk] ihNs gVrs gq, cksyh] ^^vc dksbZ pky dke ugha djsxhA** ^^Iyht --- ;gk¡ ls pyh tkb,A** ek¡ cksyh] ^^;gk¡ ls pyh tkm¡Qxh] ij ukjk”kxh dk dkj.k rks crkvksA** gkFk upkrs gq, fnO;k cksyh] ^^,d gh ckr jks”k&jks”k ugha nksgjkm¡QxhA vxj le> esa vk xbZ gks rks pyh tkb,A**

fnO;k dh ek¡ ;gk¡ ls pyh xbZA fnO;k g¡lrs gq, cksyh] ^^eEeh th vkSj ikik thA esjh NksVh&lh ek¡x vki Vky&eVksy djosQ Vkyrs jgs] vc esjs rsoj ns[kks]A** mlus njok”kk fiQj can dj fy;kA FkksM+s le; ckn njok”ks ij ikik dh vkok”k vkbZ] ^^csVh] ekurk gw¡ fd rqEgkjh ek¡x D;k gSA rqEgsa LowQy cSx vkSj ikuh dh cksry pkfg,A oknk djrk gw¡] dy ”k:j fnyokm¡QxkA pyks vc njok”kk [kksyksA** vanj ls gh fnO;k cksyh] ^^vki Hkh eq>s ugha cgyk,¡A jks”k vkt&dy djrs gq, fdrus fnu fudky fn,A vkius cSx vkSj cksry dy fnykus dks dgk gSA eSa dy rd bar”kkj dj yw¡xhA vHkh vki tkb,A eEeh osQ lkFk [kkuk [kkb,A tc cSx vkSj cksry vk tk,¡xs rHkh [kkuk [kkm¡QxhA Iyh”k ;gk¡ ls pys tkb,A** ikik pys x,A FkksM+h nsj ckn eEeh dh vkok”k vkbZ] ^^csVh fnO;k] tYnh ls rS;kj gks tkvks] rqEgkjs ikik vkSj eSa vyadkj fganh ikB~;iqLrd&6

rqEgkjs lkFk ck”kkj pyus dks rS;kj gSaA** fnO;k cksyh] ^^vki Hkys gh rS;kj gksa ij eSa vc ck”kkj ugha tkm¡QxhA cgqr le; gks x;k gSA vf/drj nqdkusa can gks xbZ gksaxhA eSa dy gh pyw¡xh] og Hkh nksigj esaA** eEeh us oqQN dguk pkgk rks fnO;k cksyh] ^^tks dg fn;k og iRFkj dh ydhj gSA** eEeh pyh xbZA FkksM+s le; ckn fnO;k us dejs ls ckgj fudydj ns[kkA eEeh&ikik gkWy esa lksI+ksQ ij pqipki cSBs gSa] Vhúohú Hkh can gSA muosQ psgjs ij mnklh gSA fnO;k muosQ ikl igq¡ph] eEeh&ikik mls ns[kus yxs] ij cksys oqQN ughaA og jlksbZ dh vksj c<+hA eEeh mBh] ysfdu ikik us b'kkjs ls VksdkA jlksbZ esa igq¡pdj mlus ns[kk fd [kkuk ,sls gh j[kk gSA 'kk;n eEeh&ikik us Hkh [kk;k ugha FkkA og okil gkWy esa vkbZ vkSj cksyh] ^^vki yksxksa us [kkuk [kk fy;kA** eEeh us ^ugha* eSa flj fgyk;kA fnO;k cksyh] ^^esjs ihNs vki yksx D;ksa Hkw[ks gSaA eSaus ugha [kk;k rks igkM+ rks ugha VwV x;kA** eEeh cksyh] ^^csVh] D;k dg jgh gksA rqEgha lkspks] cPps vxj Hkw[ks jgs rks ekrk&firk oSQls [kk ldrs gSa! rqEgkjs ikik vkSj eSaus fopkj fd;k gS fd tc rd rqEgkjh ek¡x iwjh ugha gksxh] ge Hkh [kkuk ugha [kk,¡xsA** fnO;k cksyh] ^^D;k dg

jgs gSa\** eEeh us dgk] ^^gk¡ csVh] rqEgkjs ikik cksys gSaµgekjh csVh dh [kq'kh esa gh gekjh [kq'kh gSA vjs jkr&Hkj dh gh rks ckr gSA ;w¡ gh xq”kj tk,xhA dy rqEgkjh ek¡x iwjh gks tk,xh rks ge lkFk esa [kkuk [kk,¡xsA** fnO;k us mnkl gksdj cksyh] lpeqp eSa fdruh uknku vkSj ew[kZ gw¡A vius eryc osQ fy, vkidks dkslkA tkus D;k&D;k dgkµeq>s ugha pkfg, ,slk cSx vkSj cksry ftuosQ dkj.k esjs I;kjs eEeh&ikik nnZ lgsA pfy, eSa viuh dgh ckr okil ysrh gwaA esjs isV esa pwgs owQn jgs gSaA** eEeh jlksbZ?kj esa xbZ vksj >ViV [kkuk ykbZ] ikik fiQj Hkh cSBs jgs] fnO;k muosQ ikl igqapdj gkFk tksM+rs gq, cksyh] ^^Iyht ikik] esjh xyrh dks ekI+kQ dj nhft,A vkius gjne esjh gj f”kn~n iwjh dh gSA ij eSa uknku ges'kk vkils fdlh&u&fdlh ckr dks ysdj ukjk”k jghA vc eSaus viuh ukjk”kxh NksM+h gS rks vki Hkh viuh ukjk”kxh NksfM+,A vxj vki esjh ckr ugha ekusaxs rks eSa fiQj dejs esa pyh tkm¡QxhA**

vyadkj fganh ikB~;iqLrd&6

ikik mBs] mls pwedj cksys] ^^csVh dkSu ekrk&firk vius cPpksa dk cqjk pkgrs gSa] ij dHkh&dHkh ,slh e”kcwjh gks tkrh gS fd pkgrs gq, Hkh cPpksa dh ek¡x iwjh djus esa vleFkZ jgrs gSaA eSa Hkh eku x;k gw¡A dy rqEgkjh ek¡x ”k:j iwjh gksxhA** ;g lqudj fnO;k ikik ls fyiV xbZA eEeh g¡lrs gq, cksyh] ^^vjs cki&csVh ckrksa ls gh isV Hkjsaxs D;k\** fiQj lcus feydj lkFk cSBdj [kkuk [kk;kA

rsoj µ u[kjs fopkj µ lkspuk

xq”kj µ chr vleFkZ µ dksbZ dke u djus ;ksX;

1- fuEufyf[kr 'kCnksa osQ 'kqn~/ mPpkj.k dhft,µ dksf'k'k] Vky&eVksy] vkt&dy] bar”kkj] vf/drj] pqipki] lpeqp] >ViV] uknku] e”kcwjhA 2-

fuEufyf[kr iz'uksa osQ mRrj nhft,µ (d) ukjk”k dkSu Fkk\ ([k) fnO;k dks cqykus lcls igys dkSu vk;k\ (x) fnO;k ukjk”k D;ksa Fkh\

lgh mRrj osQ lkeus (3) dk fpg~u (d) ukjk”k Hkhµ (v) fnO;k dh ek¡ (l) fnO;k dh cgu ([k) eEeh us Nwuk pkgkµ (v) irax dks (l) fnO;k dks

vyadkj fganh ikB~;iqLrd&6

yxkb,µ

(x) fnO;k dks pkfg, Fkkµ (v) cSx vkSj cksry (l) ubZ fdrkcsa

lgh dFkuksa osQ lkeus (3) osQ vkSj xyr dFkuksa osQ lkeus (7) osQ fpg~u yxkb,µ (d) fnO;k [kq'k FkhA ([k) fnO;k us [kkuk ugha [kk;k vkSj vanj pyh xbZA (x) fnO;k dks eukus dksbZ ugha x;kA (?k) fnO;k dks cSx vkSj ikuh dh cksry pkfg, FkhA (Ä) var esa fnO;k vkSj mlosQ eEeh&ikik us lkFk Hkkstu fd;kA

uhps fn, x, fjDr LFkkuksa dh iwfrZ dhft,µ (d) ;g fdl dkj.k gS\ jks”k&jks”k ugha nksgjkm¡QxhA ([k) ,d gh (x) fnO;k dh ogk¡ ls pyh xbZA (?k) eSa dy rd dj yw¡xhA (Ä) muosQ psgjs ij gSA

fuEufyf[kr iz'uksa osQ mRrj fyf[k,µ (d) fnO;k fdlls ukjk”k Fkh\ ([k) ek¡ us fnO;k ls D;k iwNk\ (x) fnO;k us viuh ukjk”kxh dk D;k dkj.k crk;k\ (?k) fnO;k osQ ekrk&firk mnkl D;ksa Fks\ (Ä) ekrk&firk osQ [kkuk u [kkus ij D;k gqvk\

fdlus (d) ([k) (x)

dgk\] fdlls dgk\ fdlus dgk\ ^^,d gh ckr jkst&jkst ugha nksgjkm¡QxhA vxj le> esa vk xbZ gks rks pyh tkb,A** ^^vki yksxksa us [kkuk [kk fy;kA** ^^csVh ekurk gw¡ fd rqEgkjh ek¡x D;k gS] rqEgsa LowQy cSx vkSj ikuh dh cksry pkfg,A oknk djrk gw¡] dy t:j fnyokm¡QxkA pyks vc njoktk [kksyksA**

fdlls dgk\

vyadkj fganh ikB~;iqLrd&6

(?k) ^^vjs cki&csVh ckrksa ls gh isV Hkjsaxs D;k\**

fganh O;kdj.k esa oqQN 'kCn fozQ;k dh fo'ks"krk crkrs gSa_ tSlsµ (d) fiz;k vHkh&vHkh xbZ gSA ([k) pkjksa vksj gfj;kyh NkbZ gSA bu okD;ksa esa ^vHkh&vHkh* rFkk ^pkjksa vksj* 'kCn ozQe'k% ^xbZ gS* vkSj ^ikbZ gS* fozQ;k dh fo'ks"krk crk jgs gSaA ,sls 'kCn fozQ;kfo'ks"k.k dgykrs gSaA ifjHkk"kk osQ :i esa dgk tk ldrk gS fdµ ^^fozQ;k dh fo'ks"krk crkus okys 'kCnksa dks fozQ;kfo'ks"k.k dgrs gSaA**

fuEufyf[kr okD;ksa ls fozQ;kfo'ks"k.k 'kCn pqudj vyx fyf[k,µ (d) ;g ukjk”kxh fdl dkj.k gSA ([k) vxj le> vk xbZ gks rks pyh tkb,A (x) FkksM+s le; ckn njokts ij ikik dh vkok”k vkbZA (?k) jks”k vkt&dy djrs gq, fdrus fnu fudky fn,A (Ä) FkksM+s le; osQ ckn mlus ckgj fudydj ns[kkA

fuEufyf[kr 'kCnksa (d) csVh ([k) njok”kk (x) vkok”k (?k) cksry

fuEufyf[kr 'kCnksa dk vius okD;ksa esa iz;ksx dhft,µ (d) njok”kk µ ([k) jks”k&jks”k µ (x) u[kjs µ (?k) Vky&eVksy µ (Ä) bar”kkj µ

vyadkj fganh ikB~;iqLrd&6

osQ opu cnfy,µ µ µ µ µ

(Ä) (p) (N) (t)

nqdkusa ck”kkjsa dejs b'kkjs

µ µ µ µ