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Kuroda’s Sea Hare Sea Slug (Aplysia kurodai Baba, 1937) : First Record from the Sea of Bidyah, Gulf of Oman, Arabian Sea, Indian Ocean خليج عُمان، التسجيل األول لبُزاق أرنب قواع البحر كورودا من بحر البِدية By: Prof. Dr. Sc. Norman Ali Bassam Ali Taher Mohammad Ahmad Mostafa Khalaf-Sakerfalke von Jaffa & Ola Mostafa Esmail Mostafa Khalaf (Photography)
خلٌج، ) من بحر البدٌة7391 ، هذا هو التسجٌل األول لبُزاق البحر أرنب (لُواع) البحر كورودا ( أبلٌسٌا كوروداي بابا ، ٌعٌش هذا النوع عادة فً بحار شرق آسٌا وتم تسجٌله من بحار الٌابان وكورٌا والصٌن... أمتار4 عُمان من على عُمك ً وهو ٌمتاز بلون جسمه البُن، سنتٌمترات8 ً بٌنما هُنا فً البدٌة ٌصل طوله إلى حوال، ً سنتٌمترا03 وٌصل طوله إلى 0843440382 ... عدسة ُمدربة الغواصٌن الكابتن عُال خلف... الداكن مع نماط وبُمع بٌضاء اللون
This is the first record of the Kuroda’s Sea Hare (Aplysia kurodai Baba, 1937) from the Bidyah Sea, Gulf of Oman. It lives usually in Eastern Asia, in the seas of Japan, Korea and China. Body colour is dark brownish with whitish translucent spots and patches. Grows to 30 cm. Photo by Ola Khalaf in the Bidyah Lagoon, 4 meters deep; body length around 8 cm. 28.04.2017. http://nudibranch.webs.com/nudibranch-uae-1 & https://www.facebook.com/photo.php?fbid=1947337368852972&set=gm.1914379418820793&t ype=3&theater
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On Friday 28.04.2017, PADI Dive Instructor Ola Mostafa Khalaf managed to shoot magnificent photos of the Kuroda’s Sea Hare Sea Slug (Aplysia kurodai Baba, 1937) from the Bidyah Lagoon, 4 meters deep in the Sea of Bidyah, Gulf of Oman, Arabian Sea, Indian Ocean. This is the first scientific record for this species from the Bidyah Sea (United Arab Emirates), Gulf of Oman, Arabian Sea, Indian Ocean.
بتوفٌك من هللا تعالى تمكنت ُمدربة الغواصٌن: عمان ُ إكتشاف ِعلمً جدٌد على نطاق بحر البدٌة واإلمارات وخلٌج ً حٌث لامت، عمان ُ عال ُمصطفى خلف من تصوٌر وتوثٌك نوعا ً جدٌدا من بُزاق البحر من خلٌج ُ العالمٌة الكابتن ُ عمان ُ ) من بحر البدٌة فً خلٌج7391 ، بتصوٌر بُزاق البحر أرنب (لواع) البحر كورودا ( أبلٌسٌا كوروداي بابا أمتار ؛ وهذا هو التسجٌل ال ِعلمً األول لهذا النوع فً بحر البدٌة واإلمارات وبالتالً من خلٌج4 عمك ُ من على عال خلف ُ صور من تصوٌر غواصة األعماق وال ُمحٌطات األستاذة الكابتن ُ ُ ال... عمان وبحر العرب وال ُمحٌط الهندي 01..4.0.71 ... والحم ُد هلل رب العالمٌن...
خلٌج، ) من بحر البدٌة7391 ، هذا هو التسجٌل األول لبُزاق البحر أرنب (لُواع) البحر كورودا ( أبلٌسٌا كوروداي بابا ، ٌعٌش هذا النوع عادة فً بحار شرق آسٌا وتم تسجٌله من بحار الٌابان وكورٌا والصٌن... أمتار4 عُمان من على عُمك ً وهو ٌمتاز بلون جسمه البُن، سنتٌمترات1 ً بٌنما هُنا فً البدٌة ٌصل طوله إلى حوال، ً سنتٌمترا9. وٌصل طوله إلى 01..4.0.71 ... عدسة ُمدربة الغواصٌن الكابتن عُال خلف... الداكن مع نماط وبُمع بٌضاء اللون This is the first record of the Kuroda’s Sea Hare (Aplysia kurodai Baba, 1937) from the Bidyah Sea, Gulf of Oman. It lives in the seas of Japan, Korea and China. Body colour is dark brownish with whitish translucent spots and patches. Grows to 30 cm. Photo by Ola Khalaf in the Bidyah Lagoon, 4 meters deep; body length around 8 cm. 28.04.2017. https://www.facebook.com/photo.php?fbid=1899929073593802&set=a.1408184479434933.1073 741829.100007301827082&type=3&theater & http://nudibranch.webs.com/nudibranch-uae-1
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Aplysia is a genus of medium-sized to extremely large sea slugs, specifically sea hares, which are one clade of large sea slugs, marine gastropod mollusks (Wikipedia). These benthic herbivorous creatures can become rather large compared with most other mollusks. They graze in tidal and subtidal zones of tropical waters, mostly in the IndoPacific Ocean (23 species); but they can also be found in the Atlantic Ocean (12 species), with a few species occurring in the Mediterranean (Wikipedia).
خلٌج، ) من بحر البدٌة7391 ، هذا هو التسجٌل األول لبُزاق البحر أرنب (لُواع) البحر كورودا ( أبلٌسٌا كوروداي بابا 01..4.0.71 ... عدسة ُمدربة الغواصٌن الكابتن عُال خلف... أمتار4 عُمان من على عُمك This is the first record of the Kuroda’s Sea Hare (Aplysia kurodai Baba, 1937) from the Bidyah Sea, Gulf of Oman. Photo by Ola Khalaf in the Bidyah Lagoon, 4 meters deep; body length around 8 cm. 28.04.2017. http://marine-life-uae-2.webs.com/aplysia-kurodai
Aplysia species, when threatened, frequently release clouds of ink, it is believed in order to blind the attacker (though they are in fact considered edible by relatively few species). Following the lead of Eric R. Kandel, the genus has been studied as a model organism by neurobiologists, because its gill and siphon withdrawal reflex, as studied in Aplysia californica, is mediated by electrical synapses, which allow several neurons to fire synchronously. This quick neural response is necessary for a speedy reaction to danger by the animal. Aplysia has only about 20,000 neurons, making it a favorite subject for investigation by neuroscientists. Also, the 'tongue' on the underside is controlled by only two neurons, which allowed complete mapping of the innervation network to be carried out (Wikipedia). Gazelle : The Palestinian Biological Bulletin – Number 161 – May 2018
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خلٌج، ) من بحر البدٌة7391 ، هذا هو التسجٌل األول لبُزاق البحر أرنب (لُواع) البحر كورودا ( أبلٌسٌا كوروداي بابا 01..4.0.71 ... عدسة ُمدربة الغواصٌن الكابتن عُال خلف... أمتار4 عُمان من على عُمك This is the first record of the Kuroda’s Sea Hare (Aplysia kurodai Baba, 1937) from the Bidyah Sea, Gulf of Oman. Photo by Ola Khalaf in the Bidyah Lagoon, 4 meters deep; body length around 8 cm. 28.04.2017. http://marine-life-uae-2.webs.com/aplysia-kurodai
Self-defense : Aplysia species were once thought to use ink to escape from predators, much like the octopus. Instead, recent research has made it clear that these sea slugs are able to produce and secrete toxic “substances such as ammonia” in self-defense. The ability of the Aplysia species to hold toxins within their bodies without poisoning itself is a result of the unique way that the toxin is stored within the slug. Different molecules essential to the creation of the toxin are accumulated in separate parts of the body of the slug, rendering them benign, as only the mixing of all the molecules can result in a toxic chemical cloud. When the sea hare feels threatened it immediately begins the process of defending itself by mixing the distinct molecules in an additional part of the body used specifically for that purpose. At which point, enzymes within the sea slug begins the process of making the substance toxic, and the mixture is ejected out at the predator in self-defense (Wikipedia). Reproduction : Aplysia has the ability to store and digest allosperm (sperm from a partner) and often mates with multiple partners. A potent sex pheromone, the waterborne protein attractin, is employed in promoting and maintaining mating in Aplysia. Attractin interacts with three other Aplysia protein pheromones (enticin, temptin or seductin) in a binary fashion to stimulate mate attraction (Wikipedia). Gazelle : The Palestinian Biological Bulletin – Number 161 – May 2018
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Classification Kingdom Animalia Phylum Mollusca Class Gastropoda Order Opistobranchia Superfamily Aplysioidea Family Aplysiidae Subfamily Aplysiinae (BioLib.cz & Rudman, 2002) Genus Aplysia Species Aplysia kurodai Baba, 1937
Distribution North West Pacific Ocean around Japan, Korea and China (Wikipedia; Rudman, 2002); and from the Bidyah Sea (United Arab Emirates), Gulf of Oman, Arabian Sea, Indian Ocean.
Description Dark brownish or purplish-black and covered with a variable scattering of whitish translucent spots and patches. Secretes both purple and white ink, parapodia large and separated posteriorly. Grows to 30 cm. in length (Rudman, 2002). In the Sea of Bidyah, Gulf of Oman, it reached a length of around 8 cm.
References and Internet Websites Baba, K., (1937) Opisthobranchia of Japan (I). Journal of the Department of Agriculture, Kyushu Imperial University, 5(4): 195-236. (Pl.4). Baba, K. (1949). Opisthobranchia of Sagami Bay collected by His Majesty The Emperor of Japan. 194 pp., 50 pls. Iwanami Shoten, Tokyo. Bouchet, P. (2011). Aplysia kurodai Baba, 1937. In: MolluscaBase (2017). Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=568199 Bouchet, P. (2017). Diaphorodoris olakhalafi Khalaf, 2017. In: MolluscaBase (2017). Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=1023241
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خلٌج، ) من بحر البدٌة7391 ، هذا هو التسجٌل األول لبُزاق البحر أرنب (لُواع) البحر كورودا ( أبلٌسٌا كوروداي بابا 01..4.0.71 ... عدسة ُمدربة الغواصٌن الكابتن عُال خلف... أمتار4 عُمان من على عُمك This is the first record of the Kuroda’s Sea Hare (Aplysia kurodai Baba, 1937) from the Bidyah Sea, Gulf of Oman. Photo by Ola Khalaf in the Bidyah Lagoon, 4 meters deep; body length around 8 cm. 28.04.2017. http://marine-life-uae-2.webs.com/aplysia-kurodai
Chen, Y.-W., 2006 (Oct 30) Sea Hares in Taiwan. [Message in] Sea Slug Forum. Australian Museum, Sydney. Available from http://www.seaslugforum.net/find/17917 Encyclopedia of Life. Aplysia kurodai Kuroda’s Sea Hare. http://eol.org/pages/4790787/details Hasan I, Watanabe M, Ishizaki N, Sugita-Konishi Y, Kawakami Y, Suzuki J, Dogasaki C, Rajia S, Kawsar SM, Koide Y, Kanaly RA, Sugawara S, Hosono M, Ogawa Y, Fujii Y, Iriko H, Hamako J, Matsui T, Ozeki Y. (2014). A galactose-binding lectin isolated from Aplysia kurodai (sea hare) eggs inhibits streptolysin-induced hemolysis. Molecules. 2014 Sep 5;19(9):13990-4003. doi: 10.3390/molecules190913990. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25197935 Khalaf, Norman Ali Bassam (1980). Tabie’t Al-Talawon fi Al-Haywanat (The Colouration of Animals). Al-Biology Bulletin. Number 1. January 1980, Safar 1401. Biological Society, Kuwait University, State of Kuwait. pp. 4-5. (In Arabic). Gazelle : The Palestinian Biological Bulletin – Number 161 – May 2018
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Khalaf-von Jaffa, Norman Ali Bassam (1994). An Introduction to the Animal Life in Palestine. Shqae’q Al-Nouma’n (Anemone coronaria). A Quarterly Magazine Issued by the Program EAI (Education for Awareness and for Involvement). Environmental Education / Children for Nature Protection. In Cooperation with Dept. of General and Higher Education. P.L.O., Palestine. Number 4. Huzairan (June) 1994. pp. 16-21. (In Arabic). Khalaf, Norman Ali Bassam (2001). The Extinct and Endangered Animals in Palestine. In: Gazelle: The Palestinian Biological Bulletin Home Page. Extinct and Endangered Animals and Reintroduction. http://gazelle.8m.net/photo3.html Khalaf-von Jaffa, Norman Ali (2004). Gazelle: Das Palästinensische Biologische Bulletin. Eine Wissenschaftliche Reise in Palästina, Arabien und Europa zwischen 1983 – 2004. / Gazelle: The Palestinian Biological Bulletin. A Scientific Journey in Palestine, Arabia and Europe between 1983 – 2004. ISBN 3-00-014121-9. Erste Auflage / First Edition, Juli 2004: 452 Seiten / Pages. Zweite erweiterte Auflage (Second Extended Edition), August 2004: 460 Seiten / Pages. Norman Ali Khalaf, Bonn-Bad Godesberg, Germany. http://dr-norman-ali-khalaf-books.webs.com/ Khalaf-von Jaffa, Norman Ali (2005). Aquatica Arabica. An Aquatic Scientific Journey in Palestine, Arabia and Europe between 1980 - 2005 / Aquatica Arabica. Eine Aquatische Wissenschaftliche Reise in Palästina, Arabien und Europa zwischen 1980 - 2005. ISBN 300-014835-3. Erste Auflage / First Edition, August 2005: 376 Seiten / Pages. Norman Ali Khalaf, Rilchingen-Hanweiler, Bundesrepublik Deutschland & Sharjah, United Arab Emirates. http://dr-norman-ali-khalaf-books.webs.com/aquaticaarabica.htm Khalaf-Sakerfalke von Jaffa, Norman Ali Bassam Ali Taher (2007). Haywanat Filistin ( حٌوانات فلسطٌنFauna of Palestine). Wikipedia, Al-Mawsu'a Al-Hurra (The Free Encyclopedia). Gazelle: The Palestinian Biological Bulletin. Number 69, Twenty-fifth Year, September 2007 CE, Sha’ban 1428 AH. pp. 1-4. (in Arabic). http://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AD%D9%8A%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%A7 %D8%AA_%D9%81%D9%84%D8%B3%D8%B7%D9%8A%D9%86 Khalaf-Sakerfalke von Jaffa, Dr. Sc. Norman Ali Bassam Ali Taher (2009). Flora and Fauna in Palestine. Gazelle: The Palestinian Biological Bulletin. ISSN 0178 – 6288. Number 91, July 2009, Rajab 1430 AH. pp. 1-31. Sharjah, United Arab Emirates. http://flora-fauna-palestine.webs.com/ Khalaf-von Jaffa, Dr. Norman Ali Bassam (2009). Fauna Palaestina – Part One. A Zoological Journey in Palestine, Arabia and Europe between 1983 – 2006 / Fauna Palaestina – Teil Eins. Eine Zoologische Reise in Palästina, Arabien und Europa zwischen 1983 – 2006. ISBN 978-9948-03-865-8. Erste Auflage/First Edition, September 2009: 412 Seiten/Pages. Self Publisher: Dr. Norman Ali Bassam Khalaf-von Jaffa, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates & Rilchingen-Hanweiler, Bundesrepublik Deutschland. http://dr-norman-ali-khalaf-books.webs.com/faunapalaestinapart1.htm Dr. Sc. Norman Ali Bassam Ali Taher Khalaf-Sakerfalke von Jaffa, Zoologist, Ecologist and Geologist : The Scientific References (1980-2009). http://dr-norman-ali-khalafreferences.webs.com/ Khalaf-von Jaffa, Dr. Sc. Norman Ali Bassam Ali Taher (2010). Fauna Emiratus - Part Gazelle : The Palestinian Biological Bulletin – Number 161 – May 2018
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One. Zoological Studies in the United Arab Emirates between 2004 - 2009. / Fauna Emiratus – Teil Eins. Zoologische Studien in die Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate zwischen 2004 - 2009. ISBN 978-9948-15-462-4. Erste Auflage/First Edition, November 2010: 350 Seiten / Pages. Self Publisher: Dr. Norman Ali Bassam Khalaf-von Jaffa, Dubai and Sharjah, United Arab Emirates & Rilchingen-Hanweiler, Bundesrepublik Deutschland. http://dr-norman-ali-khalaf-books.webs.com/faunaemiratuspart1.htm Khalaf-von Jaffa, Dr. Norman Ali Bassam (2012). Fauna Palaestina – Part Two. Zoological Studies in Palestine between 1983 – 2009 / Fauna Palaestina - Teil Zwei. Zoologische Studien in Palästina zwischen 1983 – 2009. ISBN 978-9948-16-667-2. 1. Auflage / First Edition : July 2012, Shaaban 1433 H. 208 Seiten / Pages (Arabic Part 120 Pages and the English Part 88 Pages). Publisher: Dar Al Jundi Publishing House, Jerusalem, Palestine. http://dr-norman-ali-khalafbooks.webs.com/faunapalaestinapart2.htm Khalaf-von Jaffa, Dr. Norman Ali Bassam (2013). Fauna Palaestina – Part Three. Zoological Studies in Palestine between 2005 – 2012 / Fauna Palaestina - Teil Drei. Zoologische Studien in Palästina zwischen 2005 – 2012. ISBN 978-9950-383-35-7. Erste Auflage / First Edition : July 2013, Shaaban 1434 H. 364 pages (English Part 350 Pages and the Arabic Part 14 Pages). Publisher: Dar Al Jundi Publishing House, Jerusalem, State of Palestine. http://dr-norman-ali-khalafbooks.webs.com/faunapalaestinapart3.htm Khalaf-von Jaffa, Prof. Dr. Norman Ali Bassam (2014). Fauna Palaestina – Part Four. Zoological Studies in Palestine between 1983 – 2014 / Fauna Palaestina - Teil Vier. Zoologische Studien in Palästina zwischen 1983 – 2014. ISBN 978-9950-383-77-7. Erste Auflage / First Edition : July 2014, Ramadan 1435 H. 456 Pages (English Part 378 Pages and the Arabic Part 78 Pages). Publisher: Dar Al Jundi Publishing House, Al-Quds (Jerusalem), State of Palestine. http://fauna-palaestina-part1.webs.com/faunapalaestina4.htm Khalaf-von Jaffa, Prof. Dr. Norman Ali Bassam (2015). Fauna Palaestina – Part Five. Zoological Studies in Palestine between 1983 – 2016 / Fauna Palaestina - Teil Fünf. Zoologische Studien in Palästina zwischen 1983 – 2016. ISBN 978-9950-383-92-0. Erste Auflage / First Edition : July 2015, Ramadan 1436 H. 448 pp. (English Part 304 Pages and the Arabic Part 144 Pages). Publisher: Dar Al Jundi Publishing House, Al-Quds (Jerusalem), State of Palestine. http://fauna-palaestina-books.webs.com/ Khalaf-Sakerfalke von Jaffa, Prof. Dr. Sc. Norman Ali Bassam Ali Taher (2016). Haywanat Falastin (Fauna of Palestine) حٌوانات فلسطٌن. Gazelle: The Palestinian Biological Bulletin. ISSN 0178 – 6288. Number 144, December 2016, pp. 1-18. Dubai and Sharjah, United Arab Emirates (In Arabic). http://animals-of-palestine-2.webs.com/fauna-ofpalestine-arabic Khalaf, Norman Ali (29.03.2017). Nudibranch Dermatobranchus semistriatus. Facebook. https://www.facebook.com/media/set/?set=a.10155064934059831&type=1&l=0c20d27 dc7 Khalaf-Sakerfalke von Jaffa, Prof. Dr. Sc. Norman Ali Bassam Ali Taher Mohammad Gazelle : The Palestinian Biological Bulletin – Number 161 – May 2018
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Ahmad Mostafa & Ola Mostafa Esmail Mostafa Khalaf (2017). Diaphorodoris olakhalafi Khalaf, 2017 : A New Dorid Nudibranch Sea Slug Species from the Sea of Khorfakkan, Gulf of Oman, Arab Sea, Indian Ocean. Gazelle: The Palestinian Biological Bulletin. ISSN 0178 – 6288. Number 149, May 2017, pp. 31-47. Dubai and Sharjah, United Arab Emirates. http://marine-life-uae.webs.com/diaphorodoris-olakhalafi & https://issuu.com/dr-normanalibassamkhalaf/docs/nudibranch_ola_khalaf & https://newsstand.joomag.com/en/gazelle-the-palestinian-biological-bulletin-issn0178-6288-number-149-may-2017-pp-31-47/0798719001494476364 Khalaf-von Jaffa, Prof. Dr. Norman Ali Bassam (May 2017). Ola Khalaf’s Nudibranch (Diaphorodoris olakhalafi Khalaf, 2017). EOL: Encyclopedia of Life. http://eol.org/collections/131000 Khalaf-von Jaffa, Prof. Dr. Norman Ali Bassam (May 2017). Taxon Profile: Species Khorfakkan White Dorid Nudibranch Diaphorodoris olakhalafi Khalaf, 2017. BioLib.cz. Biological Library Classification. http://www.biolib.cz/en/taxon/id1222805/ Khalaf-Sakerfalke von Jaffa, Prof. Dr. Sc. Norman Ali Bassam Ali Taher Mohammad Ahmad Mostafa & Ola Mostafa Esmail Mostafa Khalaf (2017). Presence of the Yellowish-Orange Spotted Chromodorid Nudibranch (Risbecia pulchella [Hypselodoris pulchella] Rüppell & Leuckart, 1830) in the Sea of Fujairah, Gulf of Oman, Arab Sea, Indian Ocean. Gazelle: The Palestinian Biological Bulletin. ISSN 0178 – 6288. Number 154, October 2017, pp. 1-19. Dubai and Sharjah, United Arab Emirates. http://marinelife-uae.webs.com/ Khalaf-Sakerfalke von Jaffa, Prof. Dr. Sc. Norman Ali Bassam Ali Taher Mohammad Ahmad Mostafa & Ola Mostafa Esmail Mostafa Khalaf (2017). The Semi-Striated Arminid Nudibranch (Dermatobranchus semistriatus Baba, 1949) : First Record from the Sea of Fujairah, Gulf of Oman. Gazelle: The Palestinian Biological Bulletin. ISSN 0178 – 6288. Number 155, November 2017, pp. 1-15. Dubai and Sharjah, United Arab Emirates. http://marine-life-uae.webs.com/dermatobranchus-semistriatus Khalaf-Sakerfalke von Jaffa, Prof. Dr. Sc. Norman Ali Bassam Ali Taher Mohammad Ahmad Mostafa & Ola Mostafa Esmail Mostafa Khalaf (2017). Presence of the Sexy Anemone Shrimp (Thor amboinensis de Man, 1888) in the Sea of Kalba, Gulf of Oman, Arab Sea, Indian Ocean. Gazelle: The Palestinian Biological Bulletin. ISSN 0178 – 6288. Number 156, December 2017, pp. 1-17. Dubai and Sharjah, United Arab Emirates. http://marine-life-uae.webs.com/sexy-shrimp Khalaf-Sakerfalke von Jaffa, Prof. Dr. Sc. Norman Ali Bassam Ali Taher Mohammad Ahmad Mostafa & Ola Mostafa Esmail Mostafa Khalaf (2018). Presence of the Banded Coral Shrimp (Stenopus hispidus Olivier, 1811) around the Snoopy Island, Emirate of Fujairah, United Arab Emirates, Gulf of Oman, Arab Sea. Gazelle: The Palestinian Biological Bulletin. ISSN 0178 – 6288. Number 157, January 2018, pp. 1-13. Dubai and Sharjah, United Arab Emirates. http://marine-life-uae-2.webs.com/ Khalaf-Sakerfalke von Jaffa, Prof. Dr. Sc. Norman Ali Bassam Ali Taher Mohammad Ahmad Mostafa & Ola Mostafa Esmail Mostafa Khalaf (2018). Presence of the White Dilapidated Dorid Nudibranch (Goniobranchus obsoletus Rüppell & Leuckart, 1831) in Fujairah Sea, Gulf of Oman, Arab Sea, Indian Ocean. Gazelle: The Palestinian Biological Gazelle : The Palestinian Biological Bulletin – Number 161 – May 2018
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Bulletin. ISSN 0178 – 6288. Number 158, February 2018, pp. 1-13. Dubai and Sharjah, United Arab Emirates. http://nudibranch.webs.com/ Khalaf-Sakerfalke von Jaffa, Prof. Dr. Sc. Norman Ali Bassam Ali Taher Mohammad Ahmad Mostafa & Ola Mostafa Esmail Mostafa Khalaf (Photography) (2018). Ola Khalaf’s Nudibranch Sea Slug (Diaphorodoris olakhalafi Khalaf, 2017). بُزاق بحر عُال خلف عاري )2017 ، الخياشيم ( ديافورودوريس عُال خلفي خلف. Gazelle: The Palestinian Biological Bulletin. ISSN 0178 – 6288. Number 159, March 2018, pp. 1-22. Dubai and Sharjah, United Arab Emirates. (In Arabic & English). http://nudibranch.webs.com/diaphorodorisolakhalafi Khalaf-Sakerfalke von Jaffa, Prof. Dr. Sc. Norman Ali Bassam Ali Taher Mohammad Ahmad Mostafa & Ola Mostafa Esmail Mostafa Khalaf (Photography) (2018). Nudibranch and Sea Slug Species of the United Arab Emirates – Part 1. أنواع بُزاق البحر 1 وعارٌات الخٌاشٌم من دولة اإلمارات العربٌة ال ُمتحدة – ال ُجزء. Gazelle: The Palestinian Biological Bulletin. ISSN 0178 – 6288. Number 160, April 2018, pp. 1-38. Dubai and Sharjah, United Arab Emirates. (In Arabic & English). http://nudibranch.webs.com/nudibranchuae-1 Khalaf-Sakerfalke von Jaffa, Prof. Dr. Sc. Norman Ali Bassam Ali Taher Mohammad Ahmad Mostafa & Ola Mostafa Esmail Mostafa Khalaf (Photography) (2018). Kuroda’s Sea Hare Sea Slug (Aplysia kurodai Baba, 1937) : First Record from the Sea of Bidyah, Gulf of Oman, Arabian Sea, Indian Ocean. ، التسجٌل األول لبُزاق أرنب لواع البحر كورودا من بحر ال ِبدٌة خلٌج عُمان. Gazelle: The Palestinian Biological Bulletin. ISSN 0178 – 6288. Number 161, May 2018, pp. 1-11. Dubai and Sharjah, United Arab Emirates. (In Arabic & English). http://marine-life-uae-2.webs.com/aplysia-kurodai Khalaf, Ola (31.12.2016). Nudibranch Risbecia pulchella Photo. Facebook. https://www.facebook.com/photo.php?fbid=1834215446831832&set=pb.100007301827 082.-2207520000.1488819431.&type=3&theater Khalaf, Ola (28.03.2017). Nudibranch Dermatobranchus semistriatus. Facebook. https://www.facebook.com/photo.php?fbid=1878358892417487&set=a.13787642290436 25.1073741825.100007301827082&type=3&theater Khalaf, Ola (02.04.2017). Sexy Shrimp (Thor amboinensis). Facebook. https://www.facebook.com/photo.php?fbid=1880941872159189&set=a.14081844794349 33.1073741829.100007301827082&type=3&theater Khalaf, Ola (09.05.2017). Kuroda’s Sea Hare (Aplysia kurodai). Facebook. https://www.facebook.com/photo.php?fbid=1899929073593802&set=a.14081844794349 33.1073741829.100007301827082&type=3&theater Khalaf, Ola (16.05.2017). Banded Coral Shrimp (Stenopus Hispidus). Facebook. https://www.facebook.com/photo.php?fbid=1903627009890675&set=a.14081844794349 33.1073741829.100007301827082&type=3&theater Khalaf, Ola (21 May 2017). Nudibranch Goniobranchus obsoletus. Facebook. https://www.facebook.com/photo.php?fbid=1906079649645411&set=a.14149871320880 01.1073741830.100007301827082&type=3&theater Khalaf, Ola Mostafa (July 2017). Marine Life UAE 1. Little Black Book. ZNO Photo Books, San Francisco Bay Area, California, USA. 24 pp. http://www.zno.com/prodGazelle : The Palestinian Biological Bulletin – Number 161 – May 2018
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assets/app/littlebook/index.html?initGuid=e368MRlQeps%3D&timestamp=150073540 9300&isPreview=true & http://share.asovx.com/prodassets/app/littlebook/index.html?initGuid=e368MRlQeps%3D&timestamp=150073540 9300&isPreview=true Khalaf, Ola (Photos) & Prof. Norman Khalaf (Scientific Description) & Mohammad Taher (Report) (August 2017). A Photographic Diary: Emirates Seas: Marine Pearls. آللئ بحرٌة: بحار اإلمارات: ٌومٌات ُمصورة. National Geographic AlArabiya Magazine. Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates. Volume 21, No. 83, August 2017, 80-89 pp. http://www.ngalarabiya.com/issues/aug-2017/%D9%84%D8%A2%D9%84%D8%A6%D8%A8%D8%AD%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A9/ Khalaf, Ola & Gary Copp (10.08.2017). Photo Identification of Kuroda’s Sea Hare (Aplysia kurodai). Facebook. Nudibranch Central. https://www.facebook.com/photo.php?fbid=1947337368852972&set=gm.191437941882 0793&type=3&theater Koh, D. B. (2005, Jun 7) Shell visible in Aplysia kurodai. [Message in] Sea Slug Forum. Australian Museum, Sydney. Available from http://www.seaslugforum.net/find/13918 Koh, D. B. (2006, Feb 27) Aplysia extraordinaria ? from Korea. [Message in] Sea Slug Forum. Australian Museum, Sydney. Available from http://www.seaslugforum.net/find/15900 Kumagai Y., Ojima T. (2010). Isolation and characterization of two types of beta-1,3glucanases from the common sea hare Aplysia kurodai. Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol. 2010 Feb;155(2):138-44. doi: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2009.10.013. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19883786 Noseworthy, R., 2002 (Jun 19) Aplysia kurodai from Korea. [Message in] Sea Slug Forum. Australian Museum, Sydney. Available from http://www.seaslugforum.net/find/7299 Rudman, W.B. (2002, June 12). Aplysia kurodai (Baba, 1937). [In] Sea Slug Forum. Australian Museum, Sydney. Available from http://www.seaslugforum.net/factsheet/aplykuro Rudman, W. B. (2002, Jun 14). Comment on Aplysia kurodai & A. Juliana by Ron Noseworthy. [Message in] Sea Slug Forum. Australian Museum, Sydney. http://www.seaslugforum.net/find/7230 Sea Life Base. Aplysia kurodai Baba, 1937 Kuroda’s Sea Hare. http://www.sealifebase.org/summary/Aplysia-kurodai.html Wikipedia. Aplysia. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aplysia World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS). WoRMS taxon details. Diaphorodoris olakhalafi Khalaf, 2017. AphiaID: 1023241. http://marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=1023241
Gazelle : The Palestinian Biological Bulletin – Number 161 – May 2018