PɤȵȨ
ȵȨɉǸȽ PɤȵȨɉǸȽ҇ 'U¡PPHOLY 0DJDVLQHW 1R
ɜȨȇ
'HU HU QX LNNH QRJHW PHUH RSOLY HQGH HQG HQ VPXN IRUnUVKDYH 2J VHOYRP HIWHUnUHW KDU PHOGW VLQ DQNRPVW HU GHW QX PDQ VNDO J¡UH IRUDUEHMGHW RJ JUDYH GH I¡UVWH VSDGHVWLN IRU DW NXQQH Q\GH GH VPXNNH EORPVWHU WLO Q VWH nU 'U¡PPHOLY KDU KHU XGYDOJW QRJOH DI GH VPXNNHVWH WXOLSDQHU IUD KMHPPHVLGHQ VRP LQVSLUDWLRQ WLO GU¡PPHKDYHQ WLO Q VWH IRUnU
ɤȵȨɉǸȽ ./, RJ V . +(5 H WXOLS GH JRG Sn ' DQ WLOEX H G U¡P PHO LY
7 Y 3DSHJ¡MHWXOLSDQ %OXH 3DUURW
7 K 7XOLSDQ &DQG\ 3ULQFH
7 Y 7XOLSDQ 1HJULWD
7XOLSDQEODQGLQJ -HZHO RI WKH 1JKW
ɄɑȇȐǸɤɰ
XȨɄȵȐɜ 7XOLSDQ $OLEL
3 RQWXOLSDQ %ODFN +HUR
1RJOH DI GH ÁRWWHVWH WXOLSDQIDUYHU KHU WLO IRUnUHW HU GH YLROHWWH QXDQFHU KHOW RYHU L P¡UN ERUGHDX[ VRP YLVW Sn GLVVH WR VLGHU 0HG GHUHV LQWHQVH IDUYHU VNDEHU GH G\QDPLN RJ VN¡QKHG L HWKYHUW EORPVWHUEHG 3U¡Y JHUQH DW PLNVH PHG DQGUH EORPVWHU L KYLG HOOHU O\VH QXDQFHU GHU JLYHU HQ ÁRW NRQWUDVW WLO GH P¡UNH PHUH YRYHGH WXOLSDQHU 7XOLSDQ 4XHHQ RI 1LJKW
7XOLSDQ )RQWDLQHEOHX
XȨɄȵȐɜ 7XOLSDQ %OXH +HURQ
/LOOD RJ YLROHW HU HQ IU\G IRU ¡MHW 2J GLVVH VPXNNH WXOLSDQW\SHU HU KHOW KHQULY HQGH %nGH 3DSHJ¡MHWXOLSDQHQ %OXH 3DUURW RJ %OXH +HUURQ WXOLSDQHQ KDU FKDUPHUHQGH DW\SLVNH E¡OJHQGH NURQEODGH GHU VHU KHOW IDQWDVWLVN XG L KDYHQ 'HU HU RJVn GH PHUH WUDGLWLRQHOOH OLOOD WXOLSDQHU L IRUVNHOOLJH QXDQFHU VRP HYHQWXHOW RJVn NDQ NRPELQHUHV" )LQG GH IDUYHU RJ W\SHU VRP QH WRS GX V\QHV HU VPXNNH RJ ODG GHP JO GH GLJ WLO Q VWH nU
PɤȵȨɉǸȽɜȨȇ PɤȵȨɉǸȽɜȨȇ
2NWREHU NDQ Y UH HQ VN¡Q PnQHG PHG PDVVHU DI YDUPH RJ O\VH GDJH NU\GUHW PHG QDWXUHQV EU QGWH IDUYHU +DU GX Y UHW ÁLWWLJ RJ O JJH HQ PDVVH VHQH EORPVWHU VRP 'DKOLD RJ $VWHUV NDQ GX VWDGLJ Q\GH RJ SOXNNH LQG DI GH PHVW IDQWDVWLVNH EXNHWWHU 0HQ RP EDUH In XJHU HU GHW VOXW IRU L nU 'HW HU QX GX VNDO O JJH NLPHQ WLO Q VWH nUV WLGOLJH EORPVWHUÁRU 1nU GHQ K\JJHOLJH MXOHPnQHG HU RYUH RJ MDQXDU RJ IHEUXDU I¡OHV VRP ODQJH RJ NROGH PnQHGHU HU GHU LNNH QRJHW Vn OLYVEHNU IWHQGH VRP GH I¡UVWH VPn IRUnUVVSLUHU 1DWXUHQV HJQH VPn O\NNHSLOOHU , nU KDU YL YLUNHOLJ ODJW RV L VHOHQ RJ IXQGHW PDVVHU DI VPXNNH IRUnUVEHEXGHUH L DOOH K¡MGHU PDVVHU DI Q\H VRUWHU PHQ RJVn ÁHUH NHQGWH VRUWHU PHQ L Q\H ÁRWWH IDUYHU 9L KDU RJVn VDPPHQVDW QRJOH ULJWLJ ÀQH O¡JEODQGLQJHU %OD NDQ YL DQEHIDOH 6SULQJ /RYH 9L KDU VDPPHQVDW YRUHV VRUWLPHQW L WR IDUYHKROGQLQJHU Ã Ã
'HQ URVD U¡GH IDUYHVNDOD EODQGHW PHG KYLG L DOOH VRUWHU 'HQQH IDUYHKROGQLQJ HU WLO GLJ GHU JRGW NDQ OLGH NQDOG Sn IDUYHUQH 'HQ OLOOD VNDOD EODQGHW PHG URVD KYLG RJ GH PHJHW PRGHULJWLJH OLPHJU¡QQH RJ µVRUWµ QXDQFHU (Q IDUYHKROGQLQJ WLO GLJ GHU JRGW NDQ OLGH UR RJ KDUPRQL
7XOLSDQ HU HW PXVW L HQKYHU KDYH PHQ GHU HU HIWHUKnQGHQ PDVVHU DI DQGUH VRUWHU GX E¡U NDVWH GLJ XG L (Q DI GH KHOW VWRUH PRGHEORPVWHU L nU HU $OOLXP HOOHU 3U\GO¡J VRP GHQ RJVn NDOGHV 'LVVH O¡J JHPPHU Sn UHQ RJ XIRUIDOVNHW PDJL GH NRPPHU LJHQ nU HIWHU nU HU PRGVWDQGVG\JWLJH RYHUIRU VWRUW VHW DOW VSUHGHU VLJ ² GRJ LNNH IRU YROGVRPW RJ Vn HU GH IDQWDVWLVNH EnGH L NQRS EORPVW RJ VRP DIEORPVWUHW EORPVWHUVWDQG 6LGVW PHQ LNNH PLQGVW HU GH KHOW IDQWDVWLVNH L EXNHWWHU KYRU GH JLYHU I\OGH VNDEHU OXIW RJ KROGHU KHOW IDQWDVWLVN O QJH 'HU HU PDQJH PnGHU DW EHSODQWH VLQ IRUnUVKDYH PHQ KYLV GX YLO J¡UH GHW RYHUGnGLJW XGHQ DW EUXJH HQ IRUPXH VNDO GX V¡UJH IRU DW O JJH GLQH WLGOLJH IRUnUVO¡J KHOW W W Sn KXVHW 'HW HU VWDGLJ IRU WLGOLJW WLO DW GH ÁHVWH EUXJHU PHJHW WLG L KD YHQ 'HUIRU VNDO GX V¡UJH IRU DW O JJH GLQH O¡J Vn GX NDQ Q\GH GHP LQGH IUD YDUPHQ HOOHU Sn YHM IUD ELOHQ RJ LQG (NVHPSHOYLV NXQQH GH O JJHV L Q UKHGHQ DI LQGJDQJVSDUWLHU HOOHU XGHQ IRU N¡NNHQYLQ GXHW 0HQ GHW HU RJVn HQ JRG LGp PHG HQ OLOOH NO\QJH DI GH VW¡UUH O¡J O QJHUH QHG L KDYHQ Vn GX IULVWHU ¡MHW WLO DW VNXH XGDG , EXQGHQ DI 'U¡PPHOLYV HJHQ KDYH KDU YL HW VPXNW VWRUW 6\UHQWU PHG GH VN¡QQHVWH OLOOD GREEHOWH EORPVWHU 8QGHU GHWWH WU VNDO GHU L nU VWn ÁRWWH 7XOLSDQ $OLEL QRJOH YHOGXIWHQGH 1DUFLV 7KDOLD RJ PDVVHU DI &DQG\ 3ULQFH WXOLSDQHU , EXQGHQ VNDO GHU V WWHV PDVVHU DI 3HU OHK\DFLQWHU L KYLG 9L JO GHU RV DOOHUHGH WLO GH ÁRWWH EXNHWWHU GHU VNDO S\QWH Sn NRQWRUHW
7XOLSDQ 6SULQJ *UHHQ
LʒȇǸȽ ɉȵǸȽɜȐɑ ȇɤ ȇȨȽȐ ɜɤȵȨɉǸȽȵʹȝ LʒȇǸȽ ɉȵǸȽɜȐɑ ȇɤ ȇȨȽȐ ɜɤȵȨɉǸȽȵʹȝ 'HW ULJWLJH WLGVSXQNW WLO DW O JJH WXOLSDQO¡J / J GLQH WXOLSDQO¡J IUD VHSWHPEHU RJ IUHP WLO IURVWHQ OXNNHU IRU MRUGHQ / J O¡JHQH VWUDNV HIWHU GX KDU InHW GHP KMHP +YLV GX LNNH KDU PXOLJKHG IRU GHW VNDO GX RSEHYDUH WXOLSDQO¡JHQH N¡OLJW RJ W¡UW / JJH G\EGH (Q WRPPHOÀQJHUUHJHO VLJHU DW PDQ VNDO O JJH WXOLSDQO¡J OLJH Vn G\EW VRP GH HU K¡MH PHQ GH YLO WULYHV XGP UNHW YHG DW EOLYH ODJW G\EHUH I[ L FD FHQWLPHWHUV G\EGH / JJHU GX O¡ JHQH HQGQX G\EHUH FP NDQ GX ODGH GHP EOLYH L MRU GHQ RJ SODQWH VRPPHUEHGHW RYHQSn +YLV GX O JJHU PDQJH O¡J HU GHW HQ IRUGHO DW O JJH QRJOH PHG KRYHGHW QHGDG 3n GHQ PnGH NDQ GX IRUO QJH EORPVWULQJHQ GD GLVVH OLJH VNDO EUXJH HQ HNVWUD XJH Sn DW NRPPH RS
'HQ ULJWLJH DIVWDQG 7XOLSDQHU VNDO O JJHV PHG PLQGVW FHQWLPHWHUV DIVWDQG +YLV PDQ O JJHU WXOLSDQO¡JHQH L EHGH VHU GHW S QHVW XG PHG VPn W WWH JUXSSHU JHUQH PHG PLQ O¡J SHU VRUW
3U\G GLQ ÁRWWH KDYH PHG GHWWH ÁHWWHGH IXJOH KXV Vn GX RJVn NDQ Q\GH OLY RJ IXJOHVDQJ VDPPHQ PHG V\QHW DI WXOLSDQHU RJ DQGUH EORPVWHU +XVN DW IRGUH KHOH nUHW KYLV GX ¡QVOHU DW KDYH EHV¡J DI KDYHQV VPn VDQJIXJOH