Written By CODY DAVIS KYLE KILPATRICK OMKAR PATURU DYLAN SCHNURMAN
AbcdefghIj The Super Awesome Nutrition Guide!
For Mrs. Kim Wootton And For all the Hard-Core Gamers
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K l m n op qrS
AbcdefghIj
© © 2011 Nintendo. Games and characters are property of their respective owners. (2011) Mario Bros Series- Mario, Mega Man Series, Pokémon- Pikachu, Donkey Kong Series © 2011 BioWare. Games and characters are property of their respective owners. (2011) Dragon Age- Templar © 2011 Ubisoft. Games and characters are property of their respective owners. (2011) Assassins Creed
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Table of Contents Introduction………………………………………………………………………….…………………………………..…Page 4 About
the
LEVEL
1:
Authors…………………………………………………………………………….………………....Page 5 The
of
Life……………………………………………………..Page 8
8 9 Nucleic Acids and Pokémon……………………………………….………………………………Page 10 Building Muscles...with Proteins………………………………..……………………..Page 10 Lipids…………………………….…………………………………………………….………………………………Page 11 Carbohydrates
Should
o
LEVEL
Chemistry
2:
–
The
Fuel
You
Eat
Simple
of
the
or
Gamer…………………………………………...Page
Complex
Carbohydrates? ……...Page
Cells, tissues, organs, organ systems……………………………….……Page
13
……………………………….……………………………………………………………Page 13 Cells Diagram…..…………………………………………….…………Page 14 Tissues…………………………….….…………………………………………………………….…………………Page 15 Organs……………………………….…………………………………………………………….……………………Page 16 Organ Systems……………………………….…………………………………………………………….…...Page 17 Our Cell Model……………………………….…………………………………………………………….… Page 18
What
Plant
is
a
Cell?
and
Animal
LEVEL
3:
Are you nervous about the Nervous system? ……………………………Page 19
LEVEL
4:
Journey through the Digestive System…………………………….Page 21
LEVEL
5:
Getting Stronger by Understanding the Muscular System…………Page 22
LEVEL
6:
The Integumentary system – It’s Healing Time……………………..Page 23
7:
When
LEVEL
BONUS
END
Attacks!……………………………….………………Page 24 24 How Do You Eat Healthy? ……………………………….………………………………………….Page 25 Specific Things to Eat and Not to Eat……………………………….…………..Page 25 Importance of Eating Healthy Foods……………………………….………………….Page 25 Kyle’s Exclusive Exercise Plan……………………………….…………………………..Page 26 Keeping the Brain Healthy……………………………….………………………………………Page 27 Eating
Nutrition
Healthy……………………………….……………………………………………………………….Page
LEVEL
Why is it Important to Train and Exercise before a Fight?………………..Page
Why
Does
Mario
How
Does
Blood
The
Importance
29 …………………………………………………………….Page 30 Magic Affect Your Nutrition and Brain?……….Page 31 of Training Pokémon………………………………………..…………Page 33 Eat
Mushrooms?
GAME………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………Page 33
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS……………………………………………………………………………………………………….Page 34 GLOSSARY………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………Page 35 SOURCES………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….Page 38
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INTRODUCTION
Welcome to the Super Awesome Nutrition Guide! If you’re reading this, then you’re probably one of the many gamers in the world who love to sit in front of a screen and get lost in an adventure. After a while you have realized you don’t want to end up as one of those overweight and unhealthy gamers so you decided to pick up this book to see what you can do to help yourself. We have to warn you right off the bat, or should I say controller, this isn’t your ordinary nutrition guide. Within this book is information on so many great things including how to stay healthy, how your body works and organ functions, the different organ systems and more. But we’ve also added in a little bit of fun to this guide: Every chapter is a level (however, you can skip around in the book); there are many great diagrams and pictures; each chapter references some of the many video game characters that you may know! We explain concepts of anatomy through gaming analogies that are both interesting and informative. We urge to not shelve this book, but to embrace it. It will take you a journey into a world where even gamers like you can stay fit, healthy and live a happy life. So please enjoy this awesome book. The authors hope you have as much fun reading it as it was to make it.
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ABOUT THE AUTHORS
Cody
Davis
Cody is a senior at NTH@C. She likes to draw and write, but in her free time she likes to play action/adventure games like Drake’s Uncharted, Assassin’s Creed and Dragon Age with Sims 3 on the side. Cody Davis is known for her love of adventure and nutrition. She has written many books before, but this is the first one that she worked on with the help of video game characters. Even though she and her co-authors split up parts of the book, she was in charge of illustrations and the Nervous System. She made sure that this system was well explained and defined in terms that teenagers would understand. Her group’s
Name: Cody “Champion” Davis Level: 27, Shadow/Duelist Specialization: Saving the world! Description: Uses her awesome Twin Fangs to bring her enemies down Favorite Catchphrases: “This is my favorite part!” “Bring it!”
goal for the Super Awesome Nutrition Guide! was to create a book that is fun, entertaining and that teaches teen gamers how to eat healthily while still playing their favorite video games.
Kyle
Kilpatrick Kyle Kilpatrick is a 17 year old senior at New Tech High @ Coppell. He likes to play soccer and video games. He also likes to hang out with friends and make them laugh. Some of Kyle’s favorite games are in the Call of Duty series. In the Super Awesome Nutrition Guide! the authors constructed a guide for gamers who have problems with their
Name: Kyle "The Crusher" Kilpatrick Level: No idea but I am very big and scary Specialization: Being awesome Description: He can knock out anyone with a single punch. Favorite Catchphrases: "Time to crush the competition!"
health. For the book, Kyle Kilpatrick took the role of Assistant Editor and Nutrition Expert. His goal was helping the main editor, Dylan Schnurman, create and structure the book and to help any of the other members of the group if needed.
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Omkar
Paturu
Omkar Paturu has written many books relating to health. He also holds the record on the New York Times best time sellers list with over 13 books published (not really though). He recently met with some authors and talked about how they could create a book that would encourage gamers to eat healthy food, not junk food, when they played video games. The sections that he wrote in the book go in depth on what nutrition the video gamers need to win a game. Another one of his sections talks about nucleic acids and how it relates to your health. He also wrote video game related health tips such as "Why is it important to train/exercise Pokémon and make them strong?" Omkar Paturu believes this book is the best guide for any big video gamer.
Dylan
Name: Omkar "Monster" Paturu Level: 13, mid-level Specialization: Shooting electricity Description: He attacks when his enemy is weakened. Favorite Catchphrase: “Pika Pi!”
Schnurman Dylan Schnurman is a senior at New Tech High @ Coppell. In his free time he enjoys playing old school Nintendo titles such as Super Mario Bros, Mega man, Zelda, Donkey Kong and more. He also loves puzzle games, Tetris being one of favorite games of all time. For the Super Awesome Nutrition Guide! Dylan took the role of Editor and Chemistry Expert establishing the structure of the book and teaching the basics of chemistry. Dylan’s goal for the book was to write a fun guide that not only explains different concepts of science, but also incorporates his love of video games.
Name: Dylan "Schnurmanator" Schnurman Level: 18, N00B LOL Specialization: Photoshopping sweet pictures, and leading his team to victory! Description: He swiftly defeats enemies without lifting a finger. Favorite Catchphrases: "Yuh!!!" "It's a me, Mario!"
Dylan Schnurman will graduate in June 2012. He doesn’t know what college he will attend yet, but he will be applying to the University of Texas at Austin, the University of North Texas, Wake Forest and other colleges.
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Level 1: The CHEMISTRY OF LIFE
Carbohydrates
–
The
Fuel
of
the
Gamer
Carbohydrates refer to many things in the chemistry of life; one of the four main organic compounds, the fuel of energy in the body, and mono-saccharides (sugars). All of these are great definitions of what a carbohydrate is, but why don’t we expand on it more? There are two main types of carbohydrates, simple and complex. Simple carbohydrates can be found in foods with sugar like in candy (chocolate and lollipops), but also in nutritious food like fruit and milk. The other type of carbohydrate, the complex carbohydrate, is known as a starch. Starches
A bagel contains carbohydrates
can be found in grain products such as crackers, breads, pasta, and rice. So how do simple and complex carbohydrates deal with our body? When you eat carbohydrates, your body breaks them down into simple sugars, which are then absorbed into the bloodstream. Once the sugar level in your body rises, the pancreas releases a hormone called insulin, which moves sugar from the blood into cells to be used as a source of energy. Essentially, carbs equal energy. So next time you’re eating a piece of toast, or munching on a nice ripe banana, just remember that your body is breaking down the sugars (mono-saccharides) in your snack to produce energy for your body.
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Should You Eat Simple Or Complex Carbohydrates?
Like mentioned before, there are both simple and complex carbohydrates. If you need energy and are about to play 3 hours of your favorite fighting game, which should you, eat, simple or complex? The deciding factor is how the sugars are broken down. When the body breaks down simple sugars, it does it in a quick motion allowing the pancreas to release insulin, but in a fast and short dosage. In short, eating simple sugars will lead to temporary energy and will make you feel hungry sooner. If you try to eat a bunch of simple carbohydrates a once, you will have a “carb overdose” and your body will feel more sluggish than fit. This will surely lead to a failure when playing video games. Next time you hungry for a snack don’t just eat an entire bag of Goldfish; it’s too many carbohydrates. However, if you eat complex sugars, the pancreas will produce insulin more slowly, the result of eating many whole grain foods, and your cells will stay more satisfied over time. Also, many of the simple carbohydrates don’t contain the minerals, fiber, and other essential substances that complex carbohydrates have. Choose complex over simple and your body will have more energy for long periods of time. With this knowledge in hand, it makes perfect sense to eat complex carbohydrates instead of simple carbohydrates. This is true, but it’s not bad to have simple carbs during the day, as long as they are the preferred kind. Here are examples of preferred and not preferred Simple and Complex Carbs: Healthy Simple & Complex Carbs
Unhealthy Simple & Complex Carbs
Fruit
Candy
Vegetables
Cake
Whole wheat bread
Ice cream
Corn flakes
Soda
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Nucleic
Acids
and
Pokémon
Every Pokémon should know that they are made of nucleic acids. In the Pokémon world you go to trainer school to learn about battles and Pokémon. You’ve been taught about nucleic acids, but they might not have gone too deep in details. Nucleic acids are one of the building blocks in all organisms. You might’ve heard of DNA (Deoxyribonucleic acid) is a type of a nucleic acid and that’s true. Other type of nucleic acid is RNA (Ribonucleic acid). DNA is a nucleic acid that has contains the genetic information of all living things. RNA is a copy of DNA taken out of the nucleus, which is then used to make actual protein from amino acids. A best real world example of DNA is you zipper; it divides into two strands unwinding and it forms a replication fork like the DNA does. There are five parts of a nucleic acid; they include uracil, thymine, adenine, cytosine and guanine. All of these are known as the nucleotides. Cytosine and thymine are known as pyrimidine bases while adenine and guanine are known as the purine bases. All of the five nucleotide bases are made up of three parts which include; fivecarbon sugar, a base that has a nitrogen atom and an ion of phosphoric acid. Now, that you’ve known about nucleic acids, are you ready to win some Pokémon battles and pass trainer school?
Building
Muscles…
with
Proteins
Protein is a vital nutrient for your body. In fact, it makes up 45% of the human body and 20% of your muscles. Proteins are polymers. For example, protein helps make hemoglobin, which is the part of the red blood cells that help transport oxygen to other parts of the body. Protein helps build and repair body tissue. It also regulates the body processes like water balancing, transporting of nutrients and helping muscles contract.
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Food that we eat is broken down into amino acids and then those are what replace protein. Protein also helps people resist diseases, so if you lack protein you are more likely to get sick. There are some foods that contain greater amounts of protein in them! Nuts, grains, seeds and beans all contain more amounts of protein than other food. However, if you are tired of those foods, you can have cheese, corn, yogurt, and peanut butter, but these do not make up for your protein supplement. There are some amino acids in meat that aren’t in vegetables.
Lipids
Lipids are one of the four Organic Compounds of Chemistry. A lipid doesn’t have an exact definition, but it is made up of fatty acids and glycerol. Fatty acids are acids produced when fats are broken down. They are considered “good fats.” These acids are not highly soluble in water, and they can be used for energy by most types of cells. They may be monounsaturated, polyunsaturated or saturated. They are organic, or in other words, they contain both carbon and hydrogen molecules. The most common arrangement is found in triglycerides. It’s an ester formed from glycerol and three fatty acid groups. Triglycerides are the main constituents of natural fats and oils. Fatty acids have an acid group and a side chain group. If the R group has single bonds, the fatty acid is saturated. If it has double bonds, it is unsaturated. Phospholipids are important in cell membranes. The presence of lipids can be checked with the emulsion test. The emulsion test is a method to determine the presence of lipids using wet chemistry. The procedure is for the sample to be suspended in ethanol, allowing lipids present to dissolve. The ethanolic solution is then decanted into water. Since lipids do not dissolve in water, when the ethanol is diluted, it falls out of solution to give an emulsion. In such games as Call of Duty, you need to have good reaction time and need to move fast; you can’t do that when you aren’t eating right. If you chose to eat healthy, have good cholesterol, make sure you have the right fatty acids and glycerol in your body
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then you will have better reaction time and will be able to get the kill for your team. If you don’t watch what you eat then you could be the one getting killed, resulting in a loss for you team. Choose healthy things to put in your body so you can be the best soldier you have ever been. The body needs all the organic compounds in order to function properly. It needs a balance of all the Organic Compounds of Chemistry: carbohydrates, proteins, lipids and nucleic acids. For some diets, you will need a higher amount of protein or carbohydrates, but in no way should you exclude one of the. If you don’t eat carbohydrates for example, you will see a drastic shift in the amount of energy you will have in a normal day. If you are on a diet, please research what kinds of food you are putting in your body. Know that some diets will try to get you to cut back or completely stop you from eating one of the organic compounds. This may help you lose weight, but it’s not worth it in the long run.
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LEVEL 2: Cells, Tissues, Organs, Organ Systems When talking about how the body is structured, it’s important to know the relationship between cells, tissues, organs and organ systems. Cells combine and become more complex, growing in size as well, to form tissues. Two or more different tissues combine to form organs. And organs that work together, rather than combining, are classified into one organ system. Each one builds off the next just like in a video game: to progress to the next level, your previous skills will be needed. Whether you are faced with a task of capturing the opposing team’s flag or fighting a dragon, your character will need to build off of his old skills in order to win the game. Below are the different classifications (cells, tissues, organs and organ systems) that help with the structure of the body.
What
is
a
Cell?
You might ask, what is a cell? A cell is a function of unit for all living organisms. There are two main cells, prokaryotic and eukaryotic. Prokaryotic cells don’t have a membrane-bound nucleus. The term “prokaryotic” means “before nucleus” in Greek. Examples of prokaryotic cells include salmonella, bacillus and bacteria. There isn’t a distinguished function for DNA in prokaryotic cells, but they are circular on the inside. A prokaryotic cell
On the other hand, eukaryotic cells
contain membrane-bound nucleus as well as parts called organelles. The term “eukaryotic” in Greek means “truly nuclear”. Plant cells are considered eukaryotic while animal cells are considered prokaryotic. The main organelles of both plant cells and animal cells are the nucleus, nucleolus, cell membrane, cell wall, ribosomes, mitochondria, lysosomes, chloroplast, Golgi apparatus and the vacuole. Unlike animal cells, plant cells have additional organelles including chloroplasts, plastids, a cell wall and vacuoles.
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Animal cells are very different from their counterpart. They have centrioles, a cytoskeleton, cilias and flagellums. The cells do not have chloroplasts, plastids, a cell wall or vacuoles. Cells are part of the building blocks of life. The heart, lungs, brain and other organs are all made up of cells. The body acts as storage for trillions of living cells that make up the perfect health in our everyday lives. They are exposed to physical, emotional and dysfunctional stress. The dysfunctional stress results in “dis-ease” because the body is no longer at ease. Cells are constantly Plant Cell
healing, repairing, rebuilding and protecting us because of this exposure.
Here are the organelles of both plant and animal cells, with their definitions and functions: Nucleus - Controls the whole cell and holds genetic information Lysosomes – Holds enzymes created by the cells. Ribosomes – Made up of particles of RNA and proteins. They’re responsible of amino acids. Vacuole - Only used in plants cells (but still present in animal cells) the vacuole is an organelle used for storing water, protein, nutrients and waste products. Cytoskeleton – It contains protein filament, which help the shape of the cell. Chloroplast: Exclusive to plant cell which produces photosynthesis. Endoplasmic reticulum: This organelle produces proteins and lipids also made up of many folds. There are two types of ER; one being smooth which acts as a storage organelle, and another one being rough which pack proteins in ribosomes. Golgi apparatus: It modifies and sorts out the proteins in the ER, like a UPS storage. Animal Cell Cell Membrane - Controls what goes in and out of the cell. Cytoplasm- It offers support of speeding the cell travel. The cell is about 80% water. Mitochondria – Also known as the powerhouse of the cell, it creates energy to the cell through ATP.
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Tissues Tissue are similar cells that are put together to perform different functions in the body. There are four basic types of tissue: epithelial, muscle, nerve and connective tissues. To go into more detail, because I doubt most of you gamers even know what any of those types of tissues are, let me explain to you each type and how it affects your body. The epithelial are more spread out throughout the body. They form the covering of all body surfaces, organs and any major tissue in the glands. The next tissue is the muscle tissue which is composed of cells that have the special ability to shorten or contract in order to produce movement of the body parts and is found well in the blood vessels. The nerve tissue is located in the brain, spinal cord and nerves. Its responsibility is coordinating and controlling many body activities. It helps with your muscle contraction and lets you figure out your emotions, memory and reasoning. To do all these things, cells in nervous tissue need to be able to communicate with each other by way of electrical nerve impulses. That’s why your nerve tissue is so important because it controls every little thing you do with your body. Lastly, connective tissues bind structures together and it also supports organs and the body as a whole, store fat, protect against disease, and help repair tissue damage.
The four types of tissues
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Organs
Could you image in a video game what it would be like if you were going up against an army of monsters and your character didn’t have any bones or lungs? You wouldn’t be able to stand up straight or breath. What if you had other organs missing like stomach or heart? If humans don’t have these, their lives would be much harder, unless of course you were a robot child built by a Scientist. An organ is a structure consisting of two or more different tissues that help the body function properly. All the organs in the body have specific functions such as filtering out blood, digesting food, producing hormones and more. Think about it like in role playing games; games where you explore vast worlds with a team of players, each one contributing to the quest. Every member has specific powers/skills (functions) that helps keep the team alive. Because organs are made up of different types of tissues, they are also made up of different types of cells. These cells have specific functions, just like the organs, that help with such things as maintaining a steady heartbeat, sensing light in the eyes, expelling bile from the body and other functions as well. Here is a list of some of the notable organs and their functions: Brain - This organ’s main function is to receive and relay messages throughout the body to other organ and organ systems. Without the brain, you wouldn’t be able to walk because you couldn’t send a message to your muscles and skeletal system to move. Bones - This organ provides support to the body, helps with movement, and protects the main organs from damage. Muscles (Smooth and Skeletal) - This organ’s main function is to give the body mobility through contractions. Without muscles, your body would not be able to properly digest food or circulate blood in
A diagram showing where some of the organs in the body are located.
your body.
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Heart - This organ, if not the most important organ, circulates blood cells and other nutrients throughout the body. Without the heart, CO² in red blood cells would not be refreshed with oxygen and then circulated to throughout the body. Stomach - This organ’s function is to break down the different foods entering your body from the esophagus.
Organ
Systems
The human organ system consists of several organs working together. These systems are circulatory, respiratory, renal, nervous, muscle, skeletal, endocrine, digestive and sensory. The body may be able to survive with some of the organs missing or not being functional but it isn’t able to survive with important organs not functioning. For example, a human may have a broken bone or a missing limb, may be deaf or may be paralyzed and live. A human cannot live without a functioning heart, brain, lungs, circulatory system, liver or other life sustaining organ. To keep the organ system functioning properly, having a nutritious diet is crucial. Important vitamins and minerals are critical to ensure proper functioning of the body. Vitamin B12 is important to the entire organ system but is especially important to the brain and nervous system. It helps eliminate tingling in the bodies extremities in the body. The inability of the body to produce or uptake B12 may cause several aliments. Calcium is important for the skeletal system and Vitamin D helps the absorption of calcium in the body. As both men and women age they need extra calcium but typically even more in women. Iron bolsters the blood and increases general health. Fiber is healthy for digestive and Omega 3 is important to prevent cholesterol build up in the blood. People of all ages need to ensure good nutrition. Even babies need vitamins, minerals and a nutritious diet to support the brain and other organs in the body.
The cells, tissues, organs, and organ systems all work together in order to keep your body functioning properly. When we go more in depth in the following chapters on eating nutritiously and keeping fit, you will understand how to build healthy cells, tissues, and to maintain healthy organs and organ systems.
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Our Cell Model A fun activity that can be done in order to learn the different parts of the cell can be to make an edible cell model. Be creative as you want to be! Make sure you include all organelles in the cell, with their functions and a legend. We decided to make a candy cell model consisting of such candies as Skittles, M&M’s, Twizzlers, and more. If you need to learn about the cell, you should suggest this activity in your class. You never know what edible concoction someone will create.
Legend Lysosomes – Yellow Skittles Ribosomes – Marker Dots Vacuole - Blue M&Ms Endoplasmic reticulum: Jolly Ranchers
Photos of a candy cell model
Golgi apparatus: Twizzlers Nucleus - Marshmallow Cell Membrane – Paper Plate Cytoplasm – Green Icing (construction paper) Mitochondria – Mike and Ike’s Cytoskeleton – Green Squiggles
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Level 3: Are you nervous about The Nervous System?
Did you know that there are about 100 billion neurons in your brain alone? Did you know that there are more cells in the body than the number of stars in the Milky Way? Did you know by the time that a baby enters the world its brain is already consisted about 10 million neurons? In the development of a human being, the nervous system is the most important system because it controls every action within the body and without it we could never play hundreds of hours of video games. The nervous system consists of billions of cells that work in harmony. They communicate through electrical and biochemical signals by carrying impulses translated into light, odor, taste, sound and touch. The neuron is located in the nucleus of the cell and has extensions called dendrites, which carry the signals to the brain. When the message is received, axons carry signals away from the brain. Think of the brain like one giant information highway; it has to receive, regulate, and send all sorts of information to various parts of the body. You could also think of it as giant all-powerful robot that is in charge of everything. And it’s up to you to stop it from taking over the world! That could be a fun game. The main parts of the central nervous system are the brain and spinal column. The brain is the organ that makes humans human. It allows individual thought, emotion and personality. It processes everything the body does including voluntary and involuntary movement. Voluntary movement includes walking, talking, eating and more. You do these actions consciously. Involuntary movements include breathing, blinking and more. These are actions the individual does subconsciously, without thinking about it.
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The spinal cord consists of nerve bundles and fibers that allow for messages to be passed to the brain throughout the body from the neck to the foot. If the spinal cord is severed or severely damaged, signals can’t travel from the brain to another area of the body and paralysis may occur. To keep your nervous system healthy everyone needs to be careful not to damage their brain or spine. Doing simple things such as wearing a helmet when riding a bike, wearing protective padding and clothes while playing contact sports and wearing a seat belt in a car are all things that can help protect you. There are other healthy things to do to take care of your nervous system such as taking vitamins like Omega 3, B-Complex, B12, B6 and eating healthy foods. A diagram of the Nervous System
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LEVEL 4: Journey through the Digestive System Whether you’re a werewolf, dragon or human, it’s essential for your body to break down food, absorb its nutrients, and expel the waste from the body. Can you believe that this entire process is done by one organ system? The digestive system is a journey that starts in the mouth. Once digestion starts, the mouth chews the food; saliva starts to break it down and makes it easier for the food to move down the esophagus. After traveling down the esophagus, the food then goes to the stomach which churns and breaks down the food even more, with help of the liver and pancreas, into enzymes. Then it continues through the small intestine. Food breaks down into its smallest parts, molecules, and is absorbed by the body through the small intestine. Food waste is then moved into the large intestine and moved out of the body through the rectum and anus. The human body depends upon A diagram of the Digestive System
the nourishment it receives through digestion. Humans can’t live without nourishment. While people may live on
feeding tubes, they are being fed essential vitamins and minerals for life. You can live without certain parts of the digestive system such as the large intestine and gallbladder but not the liver or pancreas. As you can see the digestive system is very important to our way of life, so it is for the best that we take care of it so it can take care of us! That means putting good food in your body and drinking lots of water.
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LEVEL 5: Getting Stronger by Understanding the Muscular System The muscular system is divided into three areas: skeletal, smooth and cardiac. Skeletal muscles are those muscles that attach to the skeletal or bone system. These muscles actually move the skeleton, for example moving an arm up and down. Smooth muscles are those we don’t control. They surround the lungs, stomach, bladder and other organs. Cardiac muscles are heart muscles, they are involuntary muscles, meaning they pump blood through your heart and you don’t have to think about it. Besides muscles being in three varieties, they come in many sizes from the satorius muscle, the long muscle in your leg, to a little muscle in your finger or eyebrow. Keeping your muscles healthy can be done through exercise. This is true for all muscle groups but especially for skeletal and cardiac muscles. Also eating and drinking right and taking the appropriate vitamins for overall health will enrich muscle health. A diagram of the Muscular System
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LEVEL 6: Integumentary System - It’s Healing Time! Try to imagine the skin as a protective layer, such as body armor. It might not be as powerful as a James Bond’s, but it does keep all your inner organs, tissues and cells protected from threats outside the body. The skin also has amazing healing powers. So whether you scrap your knee playing football or get cut while fighting in the Coliseum in the virtual world, your skin will heal over time and with proper treatment. Understanding how the skin’s functions are important in know when studying human anatomy. The organs of the integumentary system consist of the skin, nails, hair, and other glands. Skin, the body’s largest organ, has three layers: epidermis, dermis, and the subscanteous layer. The epidermis is the outer most layer of the skin where all the dead skin cells are packed in tightly. The dermis is the deeper
A diagram of the outer layer of skin
layer in the skin that contains glands including sweat glands as well as other things like blood and supplies. The subcanteous is the layer that provides protection for the other organs beneath the skin. The integumentary system provides support, protection, and a place for the removal of dead cells carrying harmful wastes. The fingernails, hair, and chalices on your hands are just built up dead epidermal cells. Did you know that hair and nails grow more as your cells die off?
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LEVEL 7: When Nutrition Attacks! When you open a guide book to one of your favorite video games, it always has that single chapter or section that really makes you say “Oh wow. That’s awesome.” Well, in this chapter, When Nutrition Attacks, we aim to hear you say those same words. We’re pulling out all the stops, by including information on eating healthy, exercising, keeping the brain healthy and some fun articles written by this guide’s authors! You’ll also learn about the importance of eating healthy, an exclusive exercise plan and more cool facts. So strap yourself in for an adventure filled with useful information that you may use in your life, or should I say level?
Eating
Healthy
The number of calories that an average human should consume is about 2500 calories per day. You also might need many more calories if most of your weight is muscle compared with fat. One pound of muscle burns about three times the number of calories as a pound of fat. You could also burn calories by exercising. The best way to burn them is to do small chores in your house, jog/walk a mile, or anything that involves your body to move. Americans now spend about $140 billion dollars on fast food. Many of the fast foods that Americans purchase include large amounts of fats, sodium, and cholesterol. Some fats are good for your body but majority of the fats that you consume from fast food harm your heart which could lead to a stroke, heart attack and even death. Sodium and cholesterol also play the same role as fats but sodium could give hypertension in the heart and cholesterol could block the hearts blood and from even giving it pure oxygen. You have to look at the content of the nutrition label on foods. Be careful what you eat, your health is important and by looking at the nutrition labels on food it will
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help you understand better. Next time you go to a fast food restaurant think about eating a fruit or a veggie.
How Do
You
Eat
Healthy?
Eating healthy means is that you consume different variety of healthy foods that will give you nutrients that maintain your health, and have energy. You have to avoid processed foods that involve sodium and sugar, instead pick some colorful food such as fruits and vegetables that are high in fiber, minerals, and vitamins. You have to eat 2 cups of fruit and 3 cups of veggies daily.
Specific Things
to
Eat
and
Not
to
Eat
There are many healthy foods that you need to eat in your daily life. Foods like, spinach, yogurt, carrots, nuts, and tomatoes. You should mainly eat nuts and other food with high amounts of vitamins and minerals. Eating yogurt really boost up your immune system, and also protects your from cancer and cavities. If blueberries mix yogurt you have a powerhouse of a breakfast or a snack. Another healthy nutrition food to eat is blueberries. Blueberries have high vitamins and minerals, which include fiber, Vitamin A, and C. Blueberries mainly help prevent cancer, diabetes and age-related memory loss. If you eat about a cup of blueberries you are on a healthy start. There are many unhealthy foods out there. Some in which include chips, burgers, fries, or chicken nuggets. All of these foods pack large amounts of calories, grams of fat, and cholesterol. It would be best to stay away from food that contain too much oil and many others which could cause cancer and even result a type II diabetes.
Importance
of
Eating
Healthy
Foods
Eating healthy is important. Eating healthy could prevent you from being obese, according to the Surgeon General about 30,000 live could be saved every single year if Americans maintained a healthy diet. Obesity leads you to heart diseases such as a heart attack, and a stroke. Being overweight could put a strain on your body that can lead
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unhealthy effects on your mental health. Another reason why eating healthy is important is that it develops your bones. If you don’t get enough magnesium, potassium, and calcium your bone cells will be deprived from growth. To get healthy bones you have to eat low-fat vegetables, fruit, dairy, or soy products to get best nutrients every day for your bones. Did you know that in 2010 over 1.9 million cases of diabetes are diagnosed in people over the age of 20 years old? According to the Surgeon General 8 of 10 diabetics is either overweight or obese, the cause of this is due to an unhealthy diet. Having diabetes and being overweight could lead to a heart attack or stroke which can result in death. If you get essential vitamins and minerals in your diet such as vitamin B6, and magnesium you will be a healthy person and will be less likely to get type II diabetes. It’s very important to eat healthy not only you feel better, but you will be better for mental and physical health which declines your amount of stress.
Kyle’s
Exclusive
Exercise
Plan
For you gamers out there who probably think exercise is too much work or a waste of time, please read this. It might change your mind. Exercise is very important in your life and if you were not to do some type of exercise you could end up overweight or obese and then if you wanted to get fit again it would be much more difficult to do so. Now some way think exercising may take up a lot of your time but it doesn’t have to be like that. Think about how many hours of video games you play a day, now if you were to exercise as much as that maybe it would take up most of your time but if you balance out your time then you would be able to exercise the right amount of time and still be able to play your game. It is up to you on how much you want to work out because it depends how fit you want to be. If you want to be really fit then you will probably work out almost every day but maybe only for 30 minutes. If you want to be fit so that you won’t get that fat but won’t spend too much time working out you may work out for about 30 minutes to an hour but only for a few times a week. Now when working out you want to start of slow and not push yourself as much unless you want to get really fit and commit to it. If you are
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willing to commit I would say that you start out doing some exercises like lifting weights or running, depends on what you want to build up. If you are wanting to start off slow and just get some exercise every now and then I would say maybe slowly start running to see how much you can handle and try and progress in that and get better. Also you could lift weights but I’d start out with a small number and work your way up so you don’t push yourself. Also whether you want to only exercise every now and then or work out every day and try and get fit make sure to watch out how much you exercise because you don’t want to push yourself too hard and take the chance of getting hurt. I would say depending on how well you do with exercising after maybe a week then you can decide on whether you want to stop exercising, keep up your routine, or even maybe bump up your workout and try and get bigger or faster. I wouldn’t say though to completely stop exercising because you do need to exercise in your life to stay fit and healthy. Exercising doesn’t only just make you healthier and have bigger muscles, but doing so can improve your other systems like your Respiratory and Circulatory system. With exercising such as running it can make your Respiratory System even stronger because after running for a while you will get used to running a lot and that will strengthen the way you breathe and control your heart rate when running. Now when exercising such as lifting weights, after a while it can make your muscles bigger and when your muscles get bigger it also widens your blood vessels which means that more blood flows through your circulatory system which could be good for your body. Even if its once a week and it’s just doing little things that would be better than doing nothing than play video games all day.
Keeping
the
Brain
healthy
Even while you may be using your muscles to fend off dragons and tainted creatures, you need to take care of the powerhouse of it all, your brain. Your brain is very important to the rest of your body, it is what send signals and messages to your other body systems and tells them what to do. If you didn’t take care of
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your brain, when you are fighting a battle you could be too slow, and that can cause you to loose. So, how do you take care of your brain? Well, there are certain foods that help keep your mind sharp. Olive oil and avocados help increase blood flow; Olive oil helps break down clots while avocados increase blood flow to the brain. Make sure to also exercise to make sure you keep your blood circulating to reduce clots. So are there any myths about keeping your brain healthy? Yes. While people say that you shouldn’t drink caffeine because it is bad for your mind and body. Studies have proven that you shouldn’t over drink caffeine but in moderate amounts it could actually help your memory and fight against Alzheimer’s. Another myth is also to eat fish, even though fish is healthy, you have to eat the right type of fish, like salmon. Stay away from swordfish and tilapia as they are unhealthy for your body and brain… And now for the big myth, does playing video games help your mind? Answer, Yes! Video games can help build your memory and help you make decisions 85% faster! But, with everything moderation is key, while video games help you, if you sit in front of your computer for 20 hours a day playing them; you are actually reversing the process. While you are eating healthy and exercising, there are also a few other things that can help your brain stay healthy that you wouldn’t think of. For example, reading the newspaper comics, laughing, sleeping, run, tickle, fly, look your enemies in the eye and figure out the ninths of pie! Ok, but seriously… Laughing, Sleeping, reading, and being social are great ways to keep your mind sharp! Get ready to level up and prepare for the next boss battle with your renewed mind!
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BONUS LEVEL: FUN ARTICLES!
YAY! You’ve found the bonus level of the book! This level contains articles written specially by the authors explaining their favorite games and how you could use them in real life situations. From the planning to the actual writing, the authors all agree that the bonus levels were super fun to create. So get off your video game butts and enjoy the level!
Why is it Important to Train and Exercise before a Fight? By
Kyle
Kilpatrick
It is really important to train and exercise before a fight because if you don’t do so then you will most likely lose the fight every single time. Training and exercising is one of the most important things to do before a fight. Exercising gets your body fit and stronger and with that you have a better chance of winning a fight
Wrestlers from WWE Legends
but being the bigger person doesn’t always mean you win the fight. It’s the person
of Wrestle Mania
who is a more skilled fighter than will win the fight most of the time. That’s why you need to train and practice fighting beforehand either with a trainer or on your own with the right equipment. With the right amount of training and exercise a fighter can be fully prepared and ready for the fight they are about to be in.
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Why Does Mario Eat Mushrooms? By
Dylan
Schnurman
Can you guess who runs fast, jumps over turtles, and yells “It’s a me!”? If you were thinking of the famous red hat and blue overall wearing, Italian plumber, Mario, then you are correct. Time after time, he’s been the one who defeats the bad guys and saves the princess, all by eating mushrooms. So why eat those small, spongy fungi? Does it make Mario grow in size, yes, but it also provides him with much more than that. Mushrooms low in carbohydrates, protein, and fat, and provide the body many other amazing things. They are low in calories (only about 100cal/oz.) and their dry weight is about 8-10% fiber making these fungi great for people who are trying to manage their weight. Mushrooms also are a great source of potassium. One medium portabella mushroom can have more potassium than a banana or a glass of orange juice. Something that most people don’t know is that mushrooms contain a lot of minerals and vitamins that help the body: Vitamins such as riboflavin, niacin and various B vitamins. These are all essential for metabolism and to keeping red blood cells functioning properly. The minerals found in mushrooms include selenium, potassium and phosphorus. A single 5 oz. serving can even provide about 35% of your daily value of copper.
A red mushroom from the Super Mario Bros. series
Research on mushrooms has shown that they consuming them can even lower the risk of cancer. Health professionals have tested this by consuming twice the recommended daily intake of mushrooms (containing Selenium, an antioxidant that fights free radicals). The results show that their risk of prostate cancer was cut by 65%. It’s also been shown that mushrooms can reduce the risk of breast cancer, decrease the size of tumors in a dose-dependent manner, and stimulate the immune system and fight infection. There’s no wonder why Mario eats all those mushrooms: to stay fit, fight cancer, and to be able to save the princess. Maybe you should eat mushrooms more often. It might not help you save a princess, but it’ll give you a lot more other things.
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How Does Blood Magic Affect your Nutrition and Brain? By
Cody
Davis
So, with all this talk about the brain and video games, there is something that we think should be brought up – ok, so the character’s wanted to bring it up. Blood Magic… With this subject, many questions occur, for example: What is Blood magic anyway?! Good or Evil? Can you be a good blood mage? What does blood have to do with magic? Why do mages deserve freedom? What about the Templars and blood magic? Ok, so even though these are all very good questions and while we will briefly touch all of them, there is one question that is our main focus. Why does using blood magic affect your brain? Well, there are actually many reasons that it does. Number one, Blood magic is bad! It’s also very dangerous. If you play Dragon Age Origins, blood magic wasn’t as much of
An evil blood mage from the Dragon Age series.
a problem, but, in Dragon Age 2 is created unnecessary chaos. So, for those of you who aren’t mages of any sort, you are problem like “What is blood magic?” Well, blood magic is a form of magic that uses blood to cast spells. Even the best mage can fall to its temptation. Once you use blood magic, it’s very hard to stop. You even risk becoming an abomination because you can fall easily to spirits from whatever magical realm you can connect to, like the Fade for example. Templars (Not like the Assassin’s Creed Templars) are scared of blood magic which can lead to the hatred of mages. If you are not captured by the Templars and thrown into the Circle of Magi you are branded an Apostate, even if you don’t use blood magic. Is the Circle good? Well, that also depends on where you are from. Being an adventurer myself and traveling
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throughout Thedas (Dragon Age), I have seen/heard of a few Circles which are all extremely different. It honestly just depends on who is running them. So, now that we know what blood magic is we can go back to our main question, why does using blood magic affect your brain? Well, being a mage already makes you vulnerable to the spirit realm. Spirits can already try to talk to you while you are fully aware of this. Demons take advantage of this and disguise themselves to make you believe that they are other spirits like Hope, Justice, Strength, etc. It is because of this that so many mages fall prey to blood magic because they believe that they are doing it to “gain their freedom”, don’t ask me why. I don’t know. I’m a rogue not a mage. Anyway, after a mage uses blood magic, their mind becomes tainted because now, they are easier prey and are almost directly connect to the Fade (or anything like it). Their actions cause part of their senses to get blocked and not understand what they are doing. They become thinner and eat less because most of their energy is used for the magic. In most cases that I have seen through my adventuring, blood magic leads to death. If not death, then the fate worse than death, becoming an abomination. If it gets to this state there is no hope. Your mind loses all sense and knowledge and you are doomed to walk the earth until you die in some fashion. Blood magic is bad; it’s not good for your body or mind. So don’t do it… It’s not worth it.
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The Importance of Training Pokemon By
Omkar
Paturu
Every Pokémon needs to train and exercise in-order to win a battle and become the world’s strongest Pokémon, right? But you as a Pokémon trainer need to help your Pokémon train and exercise to defeat the Gym leaders and most important of all; the Elite Four Champion. Exercising could give you a lot of benefits just than sitting on a couch. Exercise boosts your energy. It delivers
Ash Ketchum and Pikachu from the Pokémon animated series.
oxygen and nutrients to your tissues and helps your cardiovascular system work more efficiently. Exercising also builds up your body image, reduces stress, and even improves learning. You need to have at least about 30 minutes of physical activity; you also need to have a solid plan on to meet your specific goals. Next time you want to win a Pokémon battle exercise your Pokémon out about 30 minutes daily and you will be the very best.
E ND GAM E “Oh wow. That sure was a lot of awesome information!” Congratulations, you have completed all the levels in this guide book. But there are never true endings to anything because in life once you end something, you begin again. We hope that you enjoyed reading this book with its many amazing chapters. Above all, we hope that it gave you some useful tips and information that you can bring into your own life. From all the authors, we would like to say thank you for reading and to please eat healthy, exercise regularly and keep gaming on!
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Acknowledgement This book is dedicated to big fans of video gamers who are trying to eat healthy. We also want to thank the peers who made this book successful, and positive feedback received on this book. We encourage video gamers to start eating healthy and put junk food aside.
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GLOSSARY Chemistry of life Nucleic acids: building blocks in organisms. DNA (Deoxyribonucleic acid): a type of a nucleic acid that contains the genetic material used to build Nucleotides: Purine and pyrimidine bases that are organized to create proteins. Uracil, thymine, adenine and cytosine are all nucleotides. Simple Carbohydrates: Simple sugars. They’re easy to break down. Complex Carbohydrates: Complex sugars. They take longer to break down. Lipid: Lipids are one of the four Organic Compounds of Chemistry. They consist of fatty acids and triglycerides Organic: Containing both Carbon and Hydrogen molecules Cells, tissues, organs, organ systems Prokaryotic Cells: cells that don’t have a membrane-bound nucleus. Eukaryotic Cells: cells that have a membrane-bound nucleus. Polymers: A substance that has a molecular structure built up from a large number of similar units bonded together. Aliments: Nutrify or give nourishment to. Human organ system: A holistic system consisting of several systems working together. Fiber: A substance formed of such threads or filaments. Nucleus - Controls the whole cell and holds genetic information Lysosomes – Holds enzymes created by the cells. Ribosomes – Made up of particles of RNA and proteins. They’re responsible of amino acids. Vacuole - Only used in plants cells (but still present in animal cells) the vacuole is an organelle used for storing water, protein, nutrients, and waste products. Cytoskeleton – It contains protein filaments which help the shape of the cell. Chloroplast: Exclusive to plant cell which produces photosynthesis. Endoplasmic reticulum: This organelle produces proteins and lipids also made up of many folds. There are two types of ER; one being smooth which acts as a storage organelle, another one being rough which pack proteins in ribosomes. Golgi apparatus: It modifies and sorts out the proteins in the ER, which basically acts like a UPS storage. Cell Membrane - Controls what goes in and out of the cell. Cytoplasm- It offers support of speeding the cell travel. The cell is about 80% water. Mitochondria – Also known as the powerhouse of the cell, it creates energy to the cell through ATP. Brain - This organ’s main function is to receive and relay messages throughout the body to other
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organ and organ systems. Without the brain, you wouldn’t be able to walk because you could not send a message to your muscles and skeletal system to move. Bones - This organ provides support to the body, helps with movement, and protects the main organs from damage. Muscles (Smooth and Skeletal) - This organ’s main function is to give the body mobility through contractions. Without muscles, your body would not be able to properly digest food or circulate blood in your body. Heart - This organ, if not the most important organ, circulates blood cells and other nutrients throughout the body. Without the heart, CO² in red blood cells would not be refreshed with oxygen and then circulated to throughout the body. Stomach - This organ’s function is to break down the different foods entering your body from the esophagus. Nervous system Neuron: located in the nucleus, a cell that has extensions called dendrites which carry the signals to the brain. Brain: the organ that allows individual thought, emotion, and personality. It processes everything the body does including voluntary and involuntary movement. Spinal Cord: The organ that consists of nerve bundles and fibers that allow for messages to be passed to the brain throughout the body from the neck to the foot. Digestive system Esophagus: The part of the alimentary canal that connects the throat to the stomach Stomach - This organ’s function is to break down the different foods entering your body from the esophagus. Muscular system Muscular system: divided into three areas: skeletal, smooth and cardiac. Skeletal muscles: muscles that attach to the skeletal or bone system. Smooth muscles: muscles we don’t control. Cardiac muscles: heart muscles, they are involuntary muscles, meaning they pump blood through your heart. Satorius muscle: the long muscle in your leg, to a little muscle in your finger or eyebrow.
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Integumentary system Epidermis: epidermis is the outer most layer of the skin where all the dead skin cells are packed in tightly. Dermis: deeper layer in the skin that contains glands including sweat glands as well as other things like blood and supplies. Subcanteous: layer that provides protection for the other organs beneath the skin Nutrition Calories: A measurement on the amount of food energy Fat: A name for the lipids, waxes, triglycerides, phospholipids in food Sodium: An element that the body needs to function properly. It helps regulate blood pressure and blood volume. Calcium: An element that the body needs to function properly. It helps with building strong bones. Selenium: A major anti-oxidant which protects cell membranes. Magnesium: An element/mineral that helps with biochemical reactions in the body. Potassium: An extremely important electrolyte that is essential for the nervous system. Cholesterol: A waxy substance found in your body that is needed to produce hormones, vitamin D and bile. Cholesterol is also important for protecting nerves and for the structure of cells. Respiratory System: the system for taking in oxygen and giving off carbon dioxide Circulatory system: The system that circulates blood and lymph through the body, consisting of the heart, blood vessels, blood, lymph, and the lymphatic vessels and glands. The organs that involved include the nose, throat, larynx, trachea, bronchi and lungs.
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SOURCES Level 2: Cells, Tissues, Organs, Organ Systems What is a Cell? Daniel Kunkel (n.d.). Prokaryotic Cells Retrieved from: http://library.thinkquest.org/C004535/prokaryotic_cells.html Daniel Kunkel (n.d.). Prokaryote Retrieved from http://library.thinkquest.org/C004535/media/prokaryote.gif Daniel Kunkel (n.d). Eukaryotic Cells Retrieved from: http://library.thinkquest.org/C004535/eukaryotic_cells.html Daniel Kunkel (n.d.) Eukaryote Animal. Retrieved from: http://library.thinkquest.org/C004535/media/eukaryote_animal.gif Daniel Kunkel (n.d.) Eukaryote Plant. Retrieved from: http://library.thinkquest.org/C004535/media/eukaryote_plant.gif R Nave (n.d). Comparison of Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells Retrieved from: http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/biology/prokar.html Tissues J. Stein Carter (1996). Tissues, Organs, Systems. Retrieved from http://biology.clc.uc.edu/courses/bio105/tissue.htm N.B Life Cycle - Human Biology (4A) Post Lab. Retrieved from http://msnucleus.org/membership/html/k-6/lc/humanbio/4/lchb4_3a.html Organs Anthony, Carpi, (copyright 1998-1999). Basic Anatomy - Tissues and Organs. Retrieved from http://web.jjay.cuny.edu/~acarpi/NSC/14-anatomy.htm Inside the Torso. Merck Sharp & Dohme Corp. 2010-2011. Retrieved from http://www.merckmanuals.com/home/fundamentals/the_human_body/tissues_and_o rgans.html
Level 3: Nervous System n.b (n.d.) Neurons and Nerves. Retrieved from http://universe-review.ca/R1016-ANS.htm n.b (n.d.) Nervous System Diagram. Retrieved from: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/ba/Nervous_system_diagram.png
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Level 4: The Digestive Journey EnCognitive. Digestive System Diagram. N.d. Anatomy (Cleansing and Detoxification), Unknown. EnCognitive. Web. 28 Oct. 2011. Geographic. (n.d.). Digestive System, Digestion Information, Digestive System Facts, News, Photos -- National Geographic. Science and Space Facts, Science and Space, Human Body, Health, Earth, Human Disease - National Geographic. Retrieved October 29, 2011, from http://science.nationalgeographic.com/science/health-andhuman-body/human-body/digestive-system-article/
Level 5: Getting Stronger by understanding the Muscular System Students. (n.d.) How to keep your muscles healthy. Retrieved from http://library.thinkquest.org/J0112205/healthy%20muscles.htm http://www.glogster.com/media/5/25/33/97/25339789.gif
Level 6: Integumentary System. It’s Healing Time Integumentary System. (n.d.). In Vanderbilt University, Medical Center online. Retrieved from http://www.mc.vanderbilt.edu/histology/labmanual2002/labsection2/Integumentarysy stem03.htm Schematic diagram of skin appendages. From Wheater’s Functional Histology, a text and colour atlas, p. 164, Figure 9.9. Retrieved from http://www.mc.vanderbilt.edu/histology/labmanual2002/labsection2/Integumentarysy stem03.htm
Level 7: nutrition Eating Healthy Jason Machowsky (2011, March 28). How Many Calories Does an Average Person Need?. Retrieved from: http://www.livestrong.com/article/138428-how-many-caloriesdoes-average-person-need/ n.b (2011). Healthy Eating Statistics: America's Obesity Crisis. Retrieved from: http://www.thehealthyeatingguide.com/healthyeatingstatistics.html
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How Do You Eat Healthy? Kathy. (2011, August 12). What does eating healthy mean? Retrieved from: http://www.breastcancer.org/tips/nutrition/healthy_eat/ Richard Nelson. (2011, May 8) What does it mean to eat healthy? Retrieved from: http://www.livestrong.com/article/399096-what-does-it-mean-to-eat-healthy/ Specific Things to Eat and Not to Eat Jeff. (2009, January 8). Eat Healthier: The Eight Best Foods To Eat Everyday [Web log message] Retrieved from: http://mysuperchargedlife.com/blog/eat-healthierbest-foods-to-eat/ n.b. (n.d). The 100 Most Unhealthy Foods in the American Diet [Web log message] Retrieved from: http://www.x-raytechnicianschools.org/florida/the-100-mostunhealthy-foods-in-the-american-diet/ Importance of Eating Healthy Foods Diabetes Statistics (2011, January 26.) Data from the 2011 National Diabetes Fact Sheet. Retrieved from http://www.diabetes.org/diabetes-basics/diabetes-statistics/ n.b (2006, April 3) The Importance of Healthy Eating Habits. Retrieved from http://www.lifescript.com/body/diet/eatwell/the_importance_of_healthy_eating_habits.aspx Contributing Writer. (2011, March 11.) WHY IT IS IMPORTANT TO EAT HEALTHY. Retrieved from http://www.livestrong.com/article/46319-important-eat/ Keeping the Brain Healthy n.b (2008, May 29) Brain Power: 100 Ways to Keep Your Mind Healthy and Fit. Retrieved from: http://oedb.org/library/features/100-ways-to-keep-your-mind-healthy Ravi (2007, July 02) 15 Extra Ways To Keep Your Brain Healthy.[Web log] Retrieved from: http://linuxhelp.blogspot.com/2007/07/15-extra-ways-to-keep-yourbrain.html
BONUS LEVEL: FUN ARTICLES! Why Does Mario Eat Mushrooms? Winston Craig, MPH, PhD, RD. (Copyright Š 2003 - 2011). Health Benefits of Mushrooms. Retrieved from http://www.vegetarian-nutrition.info/updates/mightymushrooms.php
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Why is it important to train and exercise Pokemon and make them strong? Deborah Kotz (2010, July 30). 5 Mind-Blowing Benefits of Exercise. Retrieved from: http://health.usnews.com/health-news/dietfitness/fitness/articles/2010/06/30/0630healthexercise Mayo Clinic staff (2011, July 23). Exercise: 7 benefits of regular physical activity. Retrieved from: http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/exercise/HQ01676/NSECTIONGROUP=2
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pg. 42
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pg. 43
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“I find this guide very relatable to my health! Teenagers should put down the controller and pick up this book, even if it’s just for an hour. Two thumbs up.” –Mario from the Super Mario Bros series
“Of all the stories that I have told and read, The Super Awesome Nutrition Guide! is by far is the most epic. ★★★★” -Varric from Dragon Age
“Pika pi. Pika pika, Pikachu!!” (Translation: This book is so amazing. I can’t contain my excitement!) –Pikachu from the Pokémon Series
“I can see this book being a huge hit throughout the world. This guide deserves an award just on its entertainment value alone!” -Leliana from Dragon Age
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