April 10, 2019 by Duke Chronicle

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ONE HUNDRED AND FOURTEENTH YEAR, ISSUE 51

MEN’S BASKETBALL

Tre Jones to return for second season By Andrew Donohue Associate Sports Editor

Bre Bradham | Contributing Photographer

We knew that Tre Jones was certainly thinking about a sophomore season, but now it’s set in stone. In an official team tweet Monday evening, Duke announced that Jones will indeed return to school for his second season as a Blue Devil and not declare for the 2019 NBA Draft. The Apple Valley, Minn., native was projected to be a late first-round pick and would have likely joined classmates Zion Williamson, R.J. Barrett and Cam Reddish, as all three are expected to announce their intentions to turn pro in the coming days. In his first season at Duke, Jones led the Blue Devils with 5.3 assists per game and ranked third in the country in assist-to-turnover ratio. The freshman was also a defensive linchpin for Duke, usually tasked with defending the opposing team’s best perimeter player, and he was named to the ACC All-Defensive Team for his stellar work on that end of the floor. Jones was a highly-touted recruit, ranked as the No. 1 point guard in his class and following in the footsteps of older brother, Tyus. He more than lived up to expectations on the defensive end, but struggled offensively for much of the year, ending the season shooting just 26.2% from 3-point range.

By Likhitha Butchireddygari Investigations Editor

CAMPUS ART

‘Bad Roads’ explores violence against women By Sydny Long Student Life Editor

There is a moment of utter depravity in the fifth of six vignettes that comprise Natal’ya Vorozhbit’s play “Bad Roads,” a scene so chillingly vile that it is legitimately difficult to watch. A soldier beats, sexually violates and finally urinates on a female journalist he has taken hostage, a sequence that feels as though it was lifted directly from a snuff film — or a documentary. Filled to the brim with similar moments of shocking human violence, “Bad Roads” is a “documentary play”, a starkly realistic account of the lives of the women along the frontlines of the ongoing conflict in Ukraine. Vorozhbit pulls from her own experiences and the experiences of those around her to craft a devastating story about how war unspools humanity and how humanity nevertheless rebounds. See ROADS on Page 6

Content warning: This story includes detailed my femaleness,” Hicks-Keeton wrote in a letter accounts of sexual harassment. addressed to President Vincent Price. Last year, Lara Haft, Trinity ‘17, spoke with The According to Hicks-Keeton, Peters made comments Chronicle on the condition of anonymity about about her appearance and once asked about her her experience with Duke’s handling of sexual undergarments. Earlier this week, four of Hicksharassment allegations against Melvin Peters, Keeton’s peers—Nathan Eubank, Ph.D. ‘12, Benjamin professor of religious studies. Peters’ name was not Gordon, Ph.D. ‘13, Stephen Carlson, Ph.D. ‘12, and included in the story. Daniel Felts, Master of Divinity ‘07—who said they At the time, Haft wanted her peers to know about were in that class wrote a letter to Price in support how sexual harassment of Hicks-Keeton’s story and can pervade academia and tweeted it. how Duke’s process lacked With the feeling of relative “I felt objectified, transparency or effectiveness security offered by a tenure track degraded, and violated,” in addressing sexual Hicks-Keeton wrote in her harassment. She was afraid of job and a book out, I was finally letter to Price. “I felt alone the repercussions of naming ready to move forward and tell my and, against my will, on view her alleged harasser. for the men in the room.” story with my name attached. Now, she’s ready to go Peters did not respond public to support another to multiple requests for accuser. jill hicks-keeton comment sent by email and Last week, Jill Hicks- MASTER OF THEOLOGICAL STUDIES ‘07, PH.D ‘14 did not appear to be at his Keeton—Master of office when The Chronicle Theological Studies ‘07, attempted to reach him Ph.D. ‘14, and now an assistant professor of religious there Monday regarding the allegations. studies at the University of Oklahoma—tweeted According to course listings, Peters taught in claims that Peters humiliated and harassed her when 2018 but is not teaching this semester. Michael she was a graduate student at Duke in 2008. Schoenfeld, vice president for public affairs and “I was the only woman in the Greek Bible government relations, confirmed in an email that doctoral seminar. This was not lost on Prof. Mel Peters taught in 2018. Peters, the teacher who week after week directed comments at me or about me that singled out See PROFESSOR on Page 4

Andrew McCabe comes to campus

Equity report sheds light on Athletics

The former deputy director of the FBI spoke in Page Auditorium Tuesday night. PAGE 2

The report breaks down and women’s athletics teams.

spending

Get rid of instant replay by

men’s PAGE 3

Sports columnist Hank Tucker makes the case for the end of reliance on instant replay in games. PAGE 8

@dukechronicle @dukebasketball |

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2 | WEDNESDAY, APRIL 10, 2019

Former FBI Deputy Dir. Andrew McCabe comes to campus By Mona Tong Staff Reporter

Andrew McCabe, former FBI Deputy Director and Trinity ’90, said that President Donald Trump has shattered norms in a way that has damaged American democracy at a talk on campus Tuesday. McCabe, who served as the acting director of the FBI from May 2017 to August 2017 following Trump’s firing of James Comey, discussed his experiences working under Trump in the FBI, among other topics. McCabe was deputy director of the FBI until January 2018, when he stepped down but stayed on payroll. ThenAttorney General Jeff Sessions fired McCabe two months later—just two days before he would have been eligible to receive pension. After Comey’s dismissal in May 2017, McCabe and the FBI were embroiled in what he called a “toxic environment,” under

Michelle Tai | Associate Photography Editor Andrew McCabe spoke in Page Auditorium Tuesday night.

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siege by Trump, who accused him of bias. Trump reportedly questioned some donations that McCabe’s wife, Jill, received during a failed Virginia state senate run. During her 2015 campaign, Jill McCabe received close to $470,000 from a political action committee controlled by former Virginia Gov. Terry McAuliffe, who is closely tied to former presidential candidate Hillary Clinton’s family. In a 2017 tweet, Trump laid into Sessions for not replacing McCabe. McCabe said he believed Trump’s siege on the FBI undermined American democracy and fundamental values. “Norms have been shattered one after another, in ways that I think are deeply damaging to our democracy,” he said. “The thing that troubles me the most is that… this president doesn’t either understand or respect our democracy in the way that we understand it. To considerably hold himself above the law cuts against the absolute tenant of our society.” At the talk, entitled “The Threat: How the FBI Protects America in the Age of Terrorism and Trump” after his recentlypublished book of the same name and hosted by American Grand Strategy, McCabe recounted the FBI’s investigation into Russian interference in the 2016 presidential election. He strongly defended the integrity and validity of the bureau’s work and conclusions. Even though Attorney General William Barr says Robert Mueller’s special counsel investigation was unable to establish evidence for collusion and did not determine obstruction of justice, McCabe said, it doesn’t mean that the investigation was unnecessary. “We don’t start investigations driving at a conclusion. We don’t consider investigations to be a waste of time or unwarranted simply because they end up in ways we didn’t expect they’d end up,” McCabe said. “We start investigations because you have an obligation to do your job. And our job at that moment, when we had that articulable suspicion, was to conduct the investigation to ensure that we, the Justice Department, and the world, would know if in fact that threat existed. And it’s just as valuable to say no, it didn’t.” McCabe also discussed the FBI’s investigation of Hillary Clinton’s emails, which began July 2015 when the bureau received a referral alleging that Clinton had transmitted classified material on a private email server rather than her State Department server. McCabe explained that the FBI’s responsibility was to decide if the classified material was mishandled, and more importantly, if the mishandling was done intentionally. Without clear evidence of intent, he said, the FBI couldn’t sustain a criminal charge. He became involved in February 2016 towards the end of the investigation, when he conducted critical interviews with people involved in attempts to find evidence for intent. At the end, they were unable to find evidence that Clinton or anyone around her had intended to transfer classified information. However, the bureau drew criticism after Comey announced the decision to the public himself July 5, 2016. Rather than allowing the Justice Department to announce the results as per normal procedure, Comey, McCabe and the rest of the bureau decided the Department of Justice didn’t have enough credibility on the issue and that the FBI should step up to the task instead. “With hindsight, I think we made a mistake,” McCabe said. “I think we were overconfident in Director Comey’s ability to communicate to convince people of the good work that we had done and the validity of our conclusions. I think we underestimated the toxicity, the divide in that environment... and the fact that people would see our conclusions through the lens of their own personal politics no matter what we said. So, I think we in some ways took on far too much risk for the organization and should have approached that decision in a different way.” But the only thing McCabe would have done differently was how they announced their results, he said. McCabe dismissed critics accusing the FBI of partisan bias favoring Clinton. The former deputy director said that the facts were the facts—the evidence to prove intent was simply not there, and he still has the utmost confidence today that the FBI reached the right conclusion. Even amid the chaotic atmosphere he described, McCabe said that he remains optimistic that America and the FBI will emerge from the present period intact and even stronger. He said that both the nation and the FBI had been through some terrible times in the past—times that have challenged the sacred trust that Americans hold to protect them from harm and uphold the Constitution. But despite everything, the United States emerged better for it, he said.

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WEDNESDAY, APRIL 10, 2019 | 3

Trump’s budget proposal Annual equity report sheds light on Athletics’ spending takes aim at education, research By Niharika Vattikonda Contributing Reporter

Duke Athletics’ annual equity report highlighted how the University spends its money on recruitment and resources for men’s and women’s athletics teams. Art Chase, senior associate director of athletics and external affairs for Duke Athletics, responded to questions about the differences in coaches and financial resources, suggesting that differences may be much more complex than is conveyed through the statistics in the athletic equity report. “Differences in funding across various programs are the function of numerous complex

factors,” Chase wrote. “For example, variances in salaries have to do with length of tenure, level of success, market forces, etc.” With 378 male student athletes and 281 female student athletes, Duke Athletics represents about one-tenth of the undergraduate student population. Recruiting expenses—for both official and unofficial visits—total $1,110,436 for men’s teams and $474,777 for women’s teams, according to the report. The gap in recruiting expenses has narrowed since 2015, when expenses amounted to $1,184,404 for men’s teams and See REPORT on Page 4

Jeremy Chen | Graphic Design Editor

IT’S SO CREAMY

By Sarah Chaoui Contributing Reporter

President Donald Trump’s budget proposal for 2020 would cut funding for higher education and research, in favor of increasing funding for national security and defense programs. The proposed $4.75 billion annual budget, recently submitted to Congress, would cut overall Department of Education funding by 10%. It would also slash more than $6.1 billion in funding from the National Institutes of Health (NIH). It also proposes to entirely cut both the Federal Supplemental Educational Opportunity Grant, which is a source of financial aid for students demonstrating financial need, and Public Service Loan Forgiveness, which forgives student loans in exchange for working for the government. If passed by Congress, these proposed budget cuts could affect Duke. However, history shows that Congress is unlikely to pass many of the Trump administration’s proposed cuts that will affect federal funding for education and research programs that are important to Duke, said Chris Simmons, associate vice president of the office of government relations. In the last several years the Trump administration has proposed reducing funding for agencies such as the NIH and the National Science Foundation, but it hasn’t happened, Simmons said. Despite Trump’s proposals, funding for the NIH has increased roughly 21% over the course of the last three years. Michael Schoenfeld, vice president

for public affairs and government relations, emphasized that Duke will continue to advocate to maintain federal budgetary support as it pertains to research and higher education. “Scientific research conducted at universities is valuable to this country in many, many ways, from innovations in technology, to lifesaving cures done by medical research, to enhancements and improvements in national security,” he said. “These things...start with research being done at America’s leading research universities like Duke.” Many people are involved in making the case to Congress. Duke University leadership— including President Vincent Price, the Office of Government Relations, the Washington D.C. team and Duke faculty—are all investing time and energy in “advocating and educating” about the need to sustain federally funded programs for research. “We meet with members of Congress and with their staff. We generate media attention, write op-eds, write letters...we use all tactics available to us to ultimately make the case to Congress that funding for research is important,” Schoenfeld said, emphasizing that there is a “broad and deep coalition of support for federally funded research.” Robin Rasor, executive director of Duke’s Office of Licensing and Ventures, testified in front of the Senate Judiciary Committee about the importance of investment in STEM. Although it is unlikely the proposed budget cuts will pass through Congress, it is still important to take these proposals seriously, Simmons said. “We take all proposals seriously, and we’re going to continue to work hard to make sure the president’s budget actually is dead on arrival on Capitol Hill,” he added.

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Spring at Duke

Aaron Zhao | Staff Photographer Spring has come to the gardens.

Aaron Zhao | Staff Photographer A poem, pinned to a tree, celebrates spring.

Aaron Zhao | Staff Photographer Cherry Blossom trees are reaching full bloom throughout Duke’s campus.

PROFESSOR FROM PAGE 1 “There are no plans for him to be scheduled to teach in the future,” Schoenfeld wrote. He would not comment when asked if it was a result of the harassment allegations. In her letter, Hicks-Keeton goes on to say that she went to the Office of Institutional Equity— which handles harassment and discrimination complaints—to make a complaint, but she was “worried about retaliation” and couldn’t bring herself to attach her name to it. As the only woman in the class, it would have been obvious who complained, she wrote. Nearly a decade later, Lara Haft said she had a similar experience. Haft’s experience In 2017, then-senior Haft took a class about race and religion with Peters. She told The Chronicle that by the end of the semester, Peters had created an uncomfortable environment for her by talking about her appearance and regularly asking her before and during class to get coffee. Another student in the class told The Chronicle that Peters made inappropriate comments towards Haft. “I started dreading going to class, because every time I walked in the door he had a comment about what I was wearing—if I wore a normal outfit and mascara, I looked ‘lovely’ and if I wore a sweatshirt he would say ‘Surely [you] are heading to the gym,’” she told The Chronicle last year. “He asked me to meet for coffee oneon-one to ‘pick my brain’ most weeks, too, which I declined again and again.” Haft said she went back and forth about whether Peters’ behavior was inappropriate. At points, she thought he could just be an overlyfriendly old guy. But then, in March 2017, Haft said that Peters asked her for a hug. “One day after class he walked up to me and said, ‘I’m sad, can I have a hug?’ I stood there

frozen, with no idea how to respond to the request—I stood there awkwardly while he put his arms around me,” she said. Haft said she decided not to file an official complaint with the Office of Institutional Equity but shared her experience with OIE and various religious studies department administrators. OIE decided to follow-up on Haft’s concerns with an investigation that included an interview with Peters. “During his interview, the instructor denied engaging with you in an inappropriate manner,” concluded an OIE investigation report obtained by The Chronicle. “He also denied some of the incidents you reported. The instructor acknowledged using phrases that were personal or intended to engage with students, but explained they were not used in a romantic or sex based context.” Last year, Chronicle reporters met with Peters to get his response to Haft’s allegations. He declined to comment then and has not responded to Chronicle’s most recent requests for comment. ‘I have heard nothing since then’ In addition to the nature of the comments Peters made, Haft and Hicks-Keeton’s experiences had other similarities. They both say that they spoke with Cynthia Clinton, assistant vice president in OIE who focuses on harassment and discrimination prevention and compliance. Clinton declined to comment in an email to The Chronicle Monday night. In 2008, Hicks-Keeton and three of her male classmates spoke with OIE about Peters’ behavior, according to a letter the classmates wrote. “A short time later, someone from Duke OIE called me (Nathan Eubank) to tell me she had discussed the matter with Dr. Peters and that Dr. Peters would have appreciated it if we had spoken to him directly,” the letter reads. Talking to Peters, the students wrote, was “not a serious option.” The letter says that their

REPORT FROM PAGE 3 $396,438 for women’s teams. The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill had a more pronounced gap in recruiting expenses compared to Duke in 2018, shelling out $1,419,463 for men’s sports recruiting and $464,296 for women’s sports recruiting. However, athletically related student aid remains consistent across teams, with about 54% of funds allocated to men’s teams and 46% to women’s teams in 2018. The 2015 athletics equity report showed a wider gap in athletically related student aid, with 59% going to men’s teams and 41% going to women’s teams. The disparity between student aid for men’s and women’s sports was similar at UNC in 2018, with 55% of funds going to men’s teams and 45% to women’s teams. Overall, UNC provides less aid than Duke for athletes. The average institutional salary in the 2018 report per head coaching position was reported as $888,921 for men’s teams and $217,429 for women’s teams. The gap was slightly greater in 2015, when head coaches for men’s teams made $955,804 and those for women’s teams made $183,876. In 2018, the average institutional salary per assistant coaching position was reported as $206,734 for men’s teams and $73,257 for women’s. This discrepancy is wider than the $148,000 made by men’s team assistant coaches and $53,289 made by women’s team coaches in 2015. The trend continued at UNC in 2018, when the average salary was $592,176 for head coaches of men’s sports and $183,016 for those who coached women’s sports. However, there are some strong outliers that influence these numbers. In 2016, men’s basketball head coach Mike Krzyzewski made $7,040,984, football head coach David Cutcliffe made $2,535,207 and women’s basketball head coach Joanne P. McCallie made $1,349,969, according to Duke’s most recent tax report. The 2015 report also acknowledged the gap point in alerting OIE was to address the matter “with someone with institutional support without fear of retaliation.” Hicks-Keeton did not name Peters to Clinton in 2008, but she decided to file a formal complaint in September 2018 after realizing that Haft’s anonymous account in The Chronicle last year was about Peters. “With the feeling of relative security offered by a tenure track job and a book out, I was finally ready to move forward and tell my story with my name attached,” she wrote in her letter to Price. It has been more than six months since filling her complaint. “I have heard nothing since then,” HicksKeeton wrote in the letter. Duke has a statute of limitations as part of its harassment policy, which limits when a complainant can file a complaint after the harassment incident occurred. For students, complaints are actionable until the student graduates. For all others, a complaint must be filed “no more than year after the most recent conduct alleged to constitute harassment.” Last year, Clinton wrote in an email to The Chronicle that the time limit is “intended to support the integrity and effectiveness of an investigation,” and wrote that OIE can initiate a complaint after a year “if the nature of the allegation or complaint is particularly egregious.” Clinton declined to comment recently when emailed questions that included whether a statute of limitations would apply to HicksKeeton’s complaint. According to an Inside Higher Ed article, some faculty members in the department expressed frustration with OIE’s process and said that they were limited in what they could say. “We wholeheartedly endorse Duke’s policy of intolerance of sexual harassment,” Department Chair David Morgan, professor of religious studies, told Inside Higher Ed. “We stand solidly

The Chronicle in coaching salaries between men’s basketball and football compared to the other sports. “When salaries of head coaches of men’s basketball and football—which are heavily influenced by market forces—are removed from the calculation, the average salary of the head coaches of the remaining teams is $109,943,” the 2015 report stated. Men’s teams generate more than four times the total revenue of women’s teams—driven primarily by men’s basketball and football. The report also provides insights on gender disparities in coaching. In 2015 and 2018, all 11 head coaches of men’s teams were male at both UNC and Duke. In 2018, six of the 12 head coaches of women’s

Million dollars is approximately how much Coach Mike Krzyzewski was paid in 2016. teams at Duke were female, and five of 11 were female in 2015. UNC showed a similar trend in 2018, with women holding six of 13 women’s sports coaching positions. Across both women’s and men’s teams, male assistant coaches make up more than half of the assistant coaching staff. Out of 34 assistant coaches for men’s teams, 31 are men and three are women. Out of 28 assistant coaches for women’s teams, 16 are men and 12 are women. In 2016, the NCAA recognized Kevin White, Duke’s director of athletics, for efforts to make hiring more equitable in athletics administration by expanding the number of women and ethnic minorities on senior and executive staff. with the victims and we have worked hard to support the university’s response to reported instances of harassment.” ‘Way to go, Mel!’ Last week, Hicks-Keeton wrote that she saw a post from the Department of Religious Studies’ Facebook page. “Pres. Vincent Price has recognized Prof. Mel Peters as a Celebrating Mentors honoree,” the post said, according to a screenshot HicksKeeton posted on Twitter. “He was honored at a special reception held on March 25th at the Sarah P. Duke Gardens. Way to go, Mel!” The post has since been deleted. In her letter to Price, Hicks-Keeton wrote that she was outraged by Peters receiving the award and asked for it to be rescinded. Schoenfeld wrote the award is run by the development offices, which “invites graduating seniors to designate their Senior Gift in recognition of a faculty member, advisor or fellow student.” He added that Price did not select or approve the award, and that he didn’t attend the awards’ reception. “While this particular program has been in place for a number of years, it will be revised to avoid confusion with official university awards,” Schoenfeld wrote in an email Saturday. Haft wrote that it’s good that Peters is not teaching students now, but added that the community needs to be better at believing survivors when they’re at Duke, especially if they are workers. “I think one of the reasons I was able to speak out on social media and have people believe me is because I’m an alum,” she wrote. Bre Bradham contributed reporting. If you have had experiences with sexual harassment or the Office of Institutional Equity that you would like to share with The Chronicle in a confidential manner, please contact Bre Bradham at breanna.bradham@duke.edu.

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WEDNESDAY, APRIL 10, 2019 | 5

VOLUME 20, ISSUE 51 | APRIL 10, 2019

‘bad roads’ Duke Theater Studies performs spring “documentary play,” page 6

full frame Recess editor interviews ‘Santuario’ directors, page 7

old town road Country rap tops the billboard charts, page 7

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campus arts ROADS FROM PAGE 1 There isn’t much along the lines of hope in the play — which is only to be expected given the horrifying circumstances — but the deeply unpleasant vignettes each manage to mine a sour sort of optimism about the human condition out of their flint-hard characters. Otherwise, the play is a grueling trip through war-torn Ukraine, its rare moments of levity inevitably punctured by the discomfiting reminder that this is still happening. For the most part, the cast rises to the task of depicting these multifaceted and oftentimes unlikeable characters with dimension and sympathy. The seven cast members — all of whom are women — are each responsible for multiple roles, several of which are physically or emotionally demanding, but they do commendable work transitioning from scene to scene without losing their character in the shuffle. Sophomore Kaylin Woodward in particular is remarkable, taking on the role of the aforementioned female journalist who is subjected to violence and humiliation before finally turning on her captor in a twist that might have come across as cheaply triumphant in the hands of a less capable actress; instead, Woodward turns the already harrowing segment into a truly haunting mediation on good and evil. The rest of the performances are excellent in their own right — Darya Andreichenko is another standout, anchoring both of her vignettes with a well-realized sense of frenetic desperation and lack of control — but are often affected by the quality of the segment. The first segment in particular feels lacking, at once both rushed and interminably slow, and fails to deliver shocks or laughs with its extensive monologues about the grimy drudgery of war and winking fourth wall breaks. Most of the

Les Todd | Special to The Chronicle Dasha Andreichenko, Kaylin Woodward and Sophie Tan in the spring production of “Bad Roads.”

weight falls to segment lead Jinny Yoon to keep the vignette running and she wavers more than once, which is perhaps why the second segment feels so refreshingly grounded and brisk in comparison. A story of three young girls waiting for their suitors to collect them, the vignette is a much more compelling glimpse into the lives of those impacted by the war. The play — and, in turn, the performances — are at their best when the stakes are low, when the story trades grander and grimmer tales of field hospitals and attacks for petty arguments and soured relationships. What makes this production truly excellent, even when its dramatic mechanisms aren’t running smoothly, is its lighting and sound design. The lighting is breathtaking at times, ebbing and flowing out of scenes like a sun rising and setting, casting long shadows that hover over the actors like specters. Occasional bursts of red light serve as explosions; the beautifully simple blink of a car’s emergency light illuminates the second half of the fourth vignette, effortlessly maintaining the scene’s tension. The sound design also provides a

lushness to the otherwise dank, chilly set, turning a bench into a running Jeep with a single well-timed engine sound. Musical interludes score the transitions between vignettes, most of which are unsettling bursts of electronic sound that preserve the uneasiness established in the scene before. Perhaps most effective is the use of music: There are two brief musical performances, both of which are absolutely stunning in their gut-wrenching simplicity and so well-performed that the audience does not need to understand the foreign lyrics to appreciate their emotional resonance. “Bad Roads” may be a tough watch at times, but it is ultimately a rewarding, if not slightly disheartening, treatise on humanity and what we can do to one another on both large and small scales. At once dreary and piercing, it is a tale worth being told, particularly by such a committed and talented cast and crew, all of whom appear to have put forth tremendous effort to respectfully share these stories. Even in its moments of depravity and horror, it is a captivating, memorable experience that refuses to let up until the final bows.

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Raúl Martínez, El vaquero (Cowboy) (detail), c. 1969. Acrylic on black- and-white photograph, 21.5 x 16.75 inches (54.61 x 42.54 cm). The Shelley and Donald Rubin Private Collection. Image courtesy of the Raúl Martínez Estate, Ciego de Ávila, Cuba, and Corina Matamoros. Pop América, 1965 – 1975 is a recipient of the inaugural Sotheby’s Prize and is supported by The Andy Warhol Foundation for the Visual Arts. Additional thanks to the Institute for Studies on Latin American Art (ISLAA) and to its President and Founder, Ariel Aisiks. This project is supported in part by an award from the National Endowment for the Arts.

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local arts

Full Frame 2019: ‘Santuario’ directors discuss sanctuary in faith communities By Christy Kuesel Recess Editor

“Santuario” follows Juana Luz Tobar Ortega as she lives in sanctuary at St. Barnabas Episcopal Church in Greensboro. In April 2017, Immigration Customs and Enforcement (ICE) told Ortega she had to leave within 30 days, so she entered sanctuary instead. “Santuario” follows the first several months of Ortega’s stay, though she is still at the church today. The Chronicle spoke to the film’s directors Christine Delp, Trinity ‘15 and Pilar Timpane, Master of Theological Studies ‘13, following its screening at Full Frame Documentary Film Festival. TC: What inspired you to make the film? CD: Pilar and I both come from pretty strong faith backgrounds. I grew up in a fairly conservative faith community in a small town in North Carolina. For both of us, a lot of immigration stories and a lot of family separation stories were really weighing heavily on our hearts. We were looking to tell that story through a faith perspective and through a group of people who thought it was their responsibility to do something about it, and also a family standing up for staying together as a family unit and having unwavering faith in a time of severe trauma. We met Juana and connected with her about two weeks after she went into sanctuary. There were still news crews there when we showed up. And we thought that her story needed to be told for a longer period of time, so we kept coming back. PT: Juana was the first person in North Carolina to take sanctuary. The sanctuary movement started in the ‘80s. At first it was more in Tucson, Arizona, and then it spread out all over the United States back. So this was a resurgence of that movement. After the 2016 election, a lot of faith communities in North Carolina were concerned and they were thinking, what can we do to support people in crisis? And sanctuary was one of the first things that

came up organically as they spoke about what can churches provide. They can provide space. They can provide a setting for families to see each other and meet in a difficult but at least safe way. TC: Minerva Garcia, the second person to enter sanctuary in North Carolina and the first person to be able to leave sanctuary, is also briefly featured in the film. How did you choose to focus on only Juana? CD: Both of us actually thought that the church would be a bigger part of the story at the beginning. We realized very quickly that that was not the priority story, and that the church was really on the periphery. It was the story of going through this traumatic experience that needed to be told. We were already filming with Juana when Minerva went in. Her story became a secondary piece. TC: How did you originally think the film was going to play out? CD: What is kind of interesting about our process with this film is that we thought this was going to be more of a newsy piece. We thought that this was going to be 10 minutes. It was literally just us and our friends going and filming and we didn’t have any money. But we applied to a pitch competition through Tribeca Film Institute called If/Then Shorts, specifically for regional filmmakers. So we applied for the one for the American South. And we pitched at New Orleans Film Festival in 2017 and won. And so that gave us the funding and the resources and the support to tell a much longer story and then we were able to meet a budget for a 25-minute film, which is what needed to be told. I don’t think we would’ve done the story justice in a 10-minute piece. Because part of the story is time. I mean, time is also the backbone of the story. It’s staying in sanctuary. It’s not knowing when you’re leaving. And we couldn’t have told that in a shorter piece.

Photo Courtesy of IMDB “Santuario” follows Juana Luz Tobar Ortega’s life in a sanctuary at St. Barnabas Episcopal Church in Greensboro.

TC: So your attitudes toward the film have definitely changed. Over the course of filming, did you see the attitudes of Juana’s family, or those of other people in the church, change? CD: Absolutely. At first, there was a lot of movement around the movement, for lack of a better term. There was a lot of news coverage. But it’s become way more complicated over time. And I think a big question of our film is what is the purpose of sanctuary? It’s both needed, to keep Juana able to see her children, especially those who have DACA and who would not be able to go visit her, but it’s also a prison. She can’t leave, and it’s a deeply sad story. PT: I think that they’re tired and they feel like they want answers and also what’s unfortunate is that the people who can do something about it are the lawmakers. The church can’t do anything about it. The family is very limited in what they’re able to do. And the public, even us, we’re struggling to figure out how we can be of help in that situation, so

it’s really the lawmakers who can do something, and they will not respond to the requests to meet or to crate private discretionary bills. Basically they could send those to the top of the immigration chain to give her discretion so she can go home to her family, which is something in the past that has worked. But they refuse to take those calls and those meetings, so they’re stuck. And that makes everyone else feel like there’s no way out of the situation. TC: What is going on with Juana now? Have there been any changes? PT: There have not been any changes. We’re trying to use this film to ask these lawmakers to consider reviewing the case and talking about it more openly and publicly. We hope to visit churches with the story and talk about the faith component of it. Juana is a person of faith, so what is the church’s role to be a part of her freedom? “Santuario” will be broadcast May 9 on UNCTV and PBS as part of the “Reel South” series. For more information, visit santuariofilm.com.

playground

Why Lil Nas X’s ‘Old Town Road’ doesn’t need the country charts By Will Atkinson Culture Editor

Nearly 16 years ago, OutKast released “Hey Ya!,” a single that stands as one of the biggest hits of the new millennium. For all its ubiquity today, though, “Hey Ya!” was deceptively revolutionary: Blending an acoustic guitar-driven hook with a funk bassline, rapped breakdowns and an atypical time signature, the song seemed to signal a new dawn for genre — or, rather, the lack thereof. Writing at the end of the decade for Pitchfork, music critic Douglas Wolk observed, “It seemed like the walls between rock and R&B and hiphop were about to topple and from then on there would just be this enormous pool of popular music that everyone could swim around in.” Perhaps Wolk’s prognosis was a bit optimistic, but the landscape of popular music today has only inched closer to that genreless ideal: The line between emo and rap has increasingly blurred, while the term “indie” now stands more for a mood than for any particular sound. This collective cross-pollination reached a peak this year with “Old Town Road,” a novelty of “country trap” from a previously-unknown rapper, Lil Nas X, that has worked its way up the charts and into the ears of every Internet user over the last two months. Its success — and the controversy over genre that has ensued, thanks to its exclusion from Billboard’s country charts — may finally bring the promise of “Hey Ya!” to fruition. “Old Town Road” is the type of song that could have only happened with the invention of the Internet. With its haphazard yet halfwayearnest depictions of both country and rap tropes (“Ridin’ in a tractor / Lean all in my bladder”), it strikes the sort of post-post-ironic stance that makes for easy meme fodder. Its production, all melancholic synthesized banjo picks and hi-hats, is decidedly DIY yet radio-ready in a way that’s

only possible in the age of Soundcloud. The track first gained notoriety on the short-form videosharing platform TikTok, and for that reason, it’s the first 15 seconds (which include the most memorable line, “I got the horses in the back”) that are the most well-known. But you wouldn’t be missing much: At just one minute and 53 seconds, “Old Town Road” is remarkably slight, even unsatisfying. Maybe that’s why it’s racked up 65 million plays on Spotify. Like the best online content, it’s practically built for replays. The real story of “Old Town Road,” though, has been the question of its genre. When on March 27 Billboard removed the track from its Hot Country Songs chart — where it had peaked at no. 19, ahead of Carrie Underwood, Kacey Musgraves and Florida Georgia Line — it sparked a conversation about what defines “country,” a genre that has historically been defined by its overwhelming whiteness. (For its part, Billboard clarified that the decision “had absolutely nothing to do with the race of the artist.” Problem solved, folks!) According to the company, the main problem with “Old Town Road” was instead in its “musical composition,” deeming that the song “does not embrace enough elements of today’s country music to chart in its current version.” Never mind that today’s country music has incorporated more and more elements of hip-hop, or that the singalong chorus of “Old Town Road” would fit right in, both lyrically and musically speaking, with any other blue-jean-dirtroad single on the charts. It is true that black artists are underrepresented in country music, with only a few enjoying considerable success in the industry — most notably, Charley Pride in the 1970s and ‘80s and, more recently, Darius Rucker. But what the discussion surrounding Lil Nas X’s single has largely ignored is the fundamental flaws of the Billboard

charts themselves. “Old Town Road” doesn’t fit into any chart, because it doesn’t need to. In the late 1950s, when popular music was just beginning to be a worldwide phenomenon, the Billboard singles charts were divided into three general categories: pop, country and R&B. While the pop singles were more or less universally palatable, the country and R&B charts represented two sides of a clear racial divide: Although both genres have roots in the American blues tradition, the term “country and western” was almost exclusively used to apply to white artists catering to white audiences, while “R&B” denoted black artists marketed to black audiences. This legacy remains with us today in the form of genre charts, and it’s impossible to ignore when considering where a song like “Old Town Road” is said to belong. While Billboard may cite “musical composition” as

a deciding factor, it’s ultimately marketing, more than music, that drives the content of its charts. A track like “Old Town Road,” then, exposes the charts for what they are at this point — which is to say, fairly useless. The rise of streaming, where most singles now receive the bulk of their plays, has already complicated the calculus of the pop charts, and as genres become more nebulous, the charts’ role in chronicling popular taste only seems more dubious. If, at some point, “Old Town Road” gets reinstated to the Hot Country Songs chart (a prospect that may have just gained some steam thanks to an assist from Billy Ray Cyrus), it could be a consequential moment for the future of both hip-hop and country. But it wouldn’t change what artists from Andre 3000 to Lil Nas X have known all along: that genres are made to be broken.

Photo Courtesy of Youtube Lil Nas X released “Out Town Road” Dec. 8, but was disqualified from the Country Songs chart last month.

Sports 8 | WEDNESDAY, APRIL 10, 2019

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MENS BASKETBALL

COLUMN

Recruiting Roundup: Who will It’s time to end instant replay complete Duke’s 2019 class?

Trendon Watford, (No. 22 in 2019, PF) Despite coming late to the party, the Blue Devils are still very involved with Watford as his decision date looms. The Birmingham, Alabama native will make his college choice April 20, the day after Hurt, and decide between Duke, LSU, Indiana, Memphis and Alabama. Watford had trimmed his final list to the latter four schools in December, but added the Blue Devils later in February as they showed more interest. Though some of the coaching staff have visited the 6-foot-9, 230 pounder, there haven’t been any confirmed reports of an official visit or even scholarship offer. A commitment a day earlier by Hurt seems like it would all but rule out Watford in Durham, and reports say that

I used to be a general proponent of all instant replay in sports, intent on getting every call right, but this college basketball season and a key moment in Monday night’s national championship changed my mind. Incessant reviews disrupt the game’s rhythm, but more importantly, I’ve come to believe they create as many unfair outcomes as they prevent, including a travesty of justice that helped decide an epic showdown between Virginia and Texas Tech. The right call based on the letter of the law and super slow-motion replays isn’t always the right call based on common sense and more than 125 years of the sport’s history. With the clock ticking down toward a minute left in overtime, Cavalier forward De’Andre Hunter reached in to knock the ball out of bounds as Davide Moretti dribbled down the court. Every player and coach on both benches, all 72,062 fans in attendance and millions more watching at home knew the ball belonged to the Red Raiders, who trailed 75-73 and would have a chance to tie the game or take the lead. The referee next to the play saw the same thing and made the obvious call. Then came the dreadful sight of the officials heading to the monitor at the scorer’s table to review the play. Why was such a great game being put on hold to double-check something that was so crystal clear? Well, the replay showed that after Hunter made contact with the ball, Moretti’s pinky was actually the last body part touching it before it went out of bounds. The call was reversed, Virginia gained possession and hit two free throws, and the game was never within three points again. It was the correct call by a strict interpretation of the rule, but it wasn’t a fair call. It was a bigger officiating gift to the Cavaliers than the missed double-dribble that kept them alive in the semifinals against Auburn or the phantom trip that gave Kyle Guy two free throws earlier in overtime. At least those were easy to miss in real time—I didn’t notice the errors as I watched both games, and the referees who have trained for decades to be arbiters of the rules didn’t, either. Human error is part of sports. This one was clearly Texas Tech’s ball, only to be ripped away from the Red Raiders due to a silly semantic look at the play that probably made James Naismith squirm in his grave. I’m not just a biased observer who’s singling out this play because I’m bitter about the outcome of the game. In fact, I’m a very biased observer—everybody who knows me knows I’ve loved watching Virginia basketball since its dynasty began in the 2014 ACC tournament, kept believing in Tony Bennett’s system even after the ultimate humiliation against UMBC last year, and was thrilled to see the program reach the mountaintop in Minneapolis, silencing all the misguided doubters. But as much as the Cavaliers represent everything that’s great about college basketball, they won with the help of something that’s very wrong with the sport. That play has been called the same way at every level of basketball for more than a century. It happens 10 times a game before the last two minutes, when out-of-bounds plays become reviewable. The team that knocks the ball out of

See RECRUITING on Page 9

See REPLAY on Page 9

Hank Tucker

Charles York | Special Projects Photography Editor

Matthew Hurt made an appearance in Cameron Indoor Stadium before Duke’s Jan. 19 game against Virginia. By Shane Smith Staff Writer

With the final signing date for college basketball a little over a month away, the remaining top recruits will soon don school colors and choose a place to spend their college careers. Though one could argue that Mike Krzyzewski just landed his most important “recruit” in Tre Jones, there are still some names that could complete the Blue Devils’ 2019-20 roster. Krzyzewski has always had a tendency to add one final player in the spring after the season ends, from Derryck Thornton to Marques Bolden to Trevon Duval. The return of Jones may remove the defending ACC champs from getting another guard, but expect at least one of these names to be in Durham come this fall. Matthew Hurt, (No. 10 in 2019, PF) Hurt has made it clear to coaches for a while that his recruiting process was going to be a long one, but finally the sharpshooting forward has set a decision date. The Minnesota native will decide April 19 between blue bloods Duke, North Carolina, Kentucky and Kansas. Hurt visited Durham back in January for the Blue Devils’ win against Virginia. Although Duke’s frontcourt seems crowded with four returning seniors and prized recruit Vernon Carey Jr., the potential addition of Hurt could add a much needed element to next year’s team. The 6-foot-9 forward has a clean shooting touch lacked by current Blue Devil bigs, and could even play small forward if needed. Hurt also created some buzz after posting a comment to a Tre Jones’ recent Instagram post with the caption “Year 2?” The two Minnesota natives could be hinting at a possible dynamic pick and pop duo if Hurt decided to commit, as he commented “My guy” to Jones.

R.J. Hampton, (No. 5 in 2020, PG) After much talk about a possible reclassification, Adam Zagoria reported that Hampton and his family are strongly considering moving to the 2019 class, and have his current list of schools with Duke, Kentucky, Kansas and Memphis. After Jones’ return, it almost surely spells no Hampton for Duke fans in 2019, but it could still land the point guard as a headliner in the 2020 class. According to Zagoria, the Texas native would only want to make a move to the 2019 class if he could be a focal point of the team. Although Hampton can knock down a trey now and then, he isn’t a knockdown shooter from outside, leaving no room to play him as a shooting guard next to Jones. On Monday after Jones’ official announcement, Hampton told Jason Jordan of USA Today that playing with another elite point guard would be “the more attractive option.”

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REPLAY

RECRUITING

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bounds shouldn’t and doesn’t gain possession. There’s also the issue that sometimes a referee may think a defender slapped the ball out of bounds but actually slapped an offensive player’s arm without touching the ball. Then, a replay review has to give possession to the defensive team, a fraudulent reward for a clear foul. That’s not a fair outcome. Replay has run its course with these unintended consequences, and it’s time to get it out of the game. While we’re at it, let’s look at baseball too and stop overturning safe calls that have been safe for 100 years because a baserunner beats the throw but just barely comes off the bag as he slides through on a slow-motion replay. It’s still fine to review egregious clock errors and whether a player releases a shot in time before the buzzer. Those plays are black-and-white. But out-of-bounds calls should involve subjectivity that aligns with the spirit of the law, something that trained officials understand a lot better than inanimate expensive cameras zoomed in on the ball.

Alabama is making an allout push to keep Watford in his home state.

Michelle Tai | Associate Photography Editor Mistakes from referees are bound to occur due to human error.

Kira Lewis Jr., (Transfer, PG) After Avery Johnson was relieved of his duties as Alabama’s head coach, heads turned to Lewis as a potential transfer. The former four star recruit wouldn’t necessarily impact next year’s squad, as he would likely have to sit one year , but Lewis has had some connections to Duke early.

Shortly after Johnson’s departure, the Alabama native entered his name into the NCAA’s transfer portal. Corey Evans reported that Duke was one of the early programs to reach out and gauge interest from Lewis, and the official team Instagram account even followed him. Lewis averaged 13.5 points and 2.9 assists per game in his freshman season, and took over as one of the Crimson Tide’s main playmakers late in the season. The youngest player in D-1 basketball last year, Lewis turned 18 in early April and has plenty of potential. Look for the Blue Devils to ramp up their pursuit if Hampton decides to reclassify and choose a different school. Editor’s note: On Monday evening, Lewis announced that he will return to Alabama next fall.

Sujal Manohar | Photography Editor

The New York Times Syndication Sales Corporation Vernon Carey Jr., ranked No. 3 in his class, is oneEighth of theAvenue, 2019 recruits that has 620 New York, N.Y.already 10018 committed to suit up for the Blue Devils next season. For Information Call: 1-800-972-3550 Release Tuesday, April 2019 ForFor Release Wednesday, April9,10, 2019

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It’s all Greek Ally Week to me

he fifth iteration of Greek Ally Week took place on Duke’s campus last week. The annual programming—which includes panels, ally training sessions and HIV testing—dates back to the efforts of numerous factions within the Panhellenic Association and the Interfraternity Council in 2014. Although the events were “founded to promote healthy dialogue around allyship and the experiences of LGBTQ+ folk in Greek organizations,” Greek Ally Week hasn’t been without understandable controversy. Recent critique has even come from those who have participated in the program itself. Although proponents of the events defend Greek Ally Week as steps toward changing the system of sororities and fraternities from the inside, the programming has yet to make substantial, visible inroads in repairing the serious conflicts between Greek life and values of inclusion. In practice, Greek Ally Week serves more as a ritual penance that attempts to absolve Greek organizations from taking responsibility for the gender and sexuality stereotypes they perpetuate every other week of the year. From sorority pressure to maintain a feminine appearance and heteronormative date functions to the inherent reproduction of the gender binary through the fraternity-sorority divide, most of Greek life rejects the virtues they broadcast once per year. A central conundrum of Greek Ally Week,

onlinecomment “Any vegans at Duke need to hit up Thrive while central campus is still a thing - they have so many options + the beyond burger which is DIVINE.” —Emmy Mariner, responding to “Should you stop eating meat?” via Facebook on April 9, 2019

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however, isn’t how a social organization based in gender division could aid the struggle to fight transphobia and homophobia. It’s in the question ‘who is Greek Ally Week for?’ This year, the bulk of the week’s events were trainings and discussion break out groups—with 101 and 201 levels available—as well as a student panel. Although the panel is open to everyone, the trainings and discussion groups

Editorial Board are explicitly aimed at Greek life members. With many of these events not advertised toward to the general public, it’s unclear if they are meant to just serve LGBTQIA+ fraternity and sorority members—an affiliation that already lends itself to a outsized proportion of white and wealthy queer people represented—or to help cis, straight members to feel woke for having attended Ally 101. What it means to be an “ally” to an oppressed or marginalized group has become diluted and obfuscated due to incorrect overuse. As a result, the title no longer

means anything beyond the empty claiming of an identity as “ally to X group.” What changes have come about from five years of Greek Ally Week programming, and do they stretch beyond queer peers who share their social circle, class wealth and favorite ski resort? How about those who are queer and non-affiliated? This is not to exclude other selective social groups on campus from this critique. SLGs don’t even go so far as to hold the pretense of a week tackling the homophobia and transphobia that exists within their ranks. One week of the year dedicated to providing a crash course to those within Greek organizations who choose to attend doesn’t exonerate the patriarchal system foundational to Greek life. Whether you believe the system can be fixed from the inside or not, it is clear there are significant flaws with both Greek Life and attempts to reform it. Ultimately, Greek Ally Week and its shortcomings pose an existential question to IFC and PanHel as to what it stands for in the light of the regressive gender and sexuality norms it perpetuates. This was written by The Chronicle’s Editorial Board, which is made up of student members from across the University and is independent of the editorial staff.

Open letter calling for Duke leadership to condemn UMC’s discriminatory LGBTQ policies

he Chronicle, along with The New York Times and other major news outlets, has reported on the United Methodist Church (UMC)’s vote during a February 26th special session of the General Conference to tighten its ban on LGBTQ clergy and samegender marriage. This controversial decision deepened the rift between its progressive and conservative leaders and 12.5 million members worldwide and increased the possibility of a historic split. There are also implications for UMC-affiliated universities like Duke. On January 5th, in anticipation of the upcoming General Conference vote, Duke and 92 other UMCaffiliated colleges and universities, unanimously approved a joint statement citing the Church’s historic and profound commitment “to the sacred worth of all persons and to social justice, such as the Church’s position on civil rights, women’s rights, and the rights of different ethnic communities” and calling upon UMC leaders “to honor the past and current practices of inclusion by amending their policies and practices to affirm full inclusion in the life and ministry of the United Methodist Church of all persons regardless of their race, ethnicity, creed, national origin, gender, gender identity/expression or sexual orientation.” Michael Schoenfeld, vice president for public affairs and government relations, said the statement “is consistent with Duke’s longstanding commitment to diversity and inclusion.” At the UMC General Conference, the majority of Church leaders disappointingly doubled down on their discriminatory practices by reaffirming the Book of Discipline which bars “self-avowed practicing homosexuals” from being ordained as ministers and forbids pastors from conducting same-gender marriage. They even voted to enhance punitive actions against clergy and employees who violate the policy by refusing to discriminate. In his February 26th statement about the UMC’s decision, Dean Jones opened with “sighs too deep for words” and asserted that “we will work to ensure that all are welcome to pursue study and preparation for Christian ministry at Duke Divinity School.” However, he conceded that “Duke Divinity School receives significant financial support from and is accountable to the denomination in the preparation of United Methodist women and men for ministry” and that the school will “continue to seek to create a community where people committed to Christian ministry can disagree about matters of sexuality [emphasis added].” The LGBTQ community is entitled to far more than “sighs too deep for words” and prayers “for wisdom and charity.” Disagreement is a far cry from institutionalized discrimination, and while you are sighing, we are dying. We recall the ACT UP motto “SILENCE = DEATH” in response to the United States and other governments’ initial inattention to the AIDS pandemic, which resulted in millions of lives lost. We remind Duke and other university leaders that allowing

institutionalized discrimination against LGBTQ people to continue unchecked creates an environment conducive to harassment and violence that will result in more suffering and lives lost and is in direct violation of your own institutions’ Equal Opportunity/Affirmative Action and Diversity and Equity policies and programs and the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. We look to Duke to take a leadership role alongside the 92 other UMC-affiliated colleges and universities and take a strong and unequivocal stance against the institutionalized discrimination being carried out by the Church. Duke’s UMC affiliation and renowned divinity school place it squarely and visibly in the middle of this conflict, and its international reputation among higher education institutions gives it the stature to take an influential leadership stance. Duke was named in The New York Times front page article about the UMC’s recent vote and has been named by other major news outlets. Duke’s clout is unquestionable, and so its leadership can be meaningful. It has an effective bully pulpit; the phrase was never more apt. Duke has historically displayed courageous leadership in this area and enhanced its reputation by doing so. As Chapel Dean, Bishop Will Willimon opened the Duke Chapel to same-gender ceremonies well in advance of marriage equality laws, which allowed Duke to show moral leadership and institutional integrity by advancing the righteous cause of LGBTQ equality on campus and nationally. There is an undeniable conflict between Duke’s anti-discrimination policies and the institutionalized discrimination being practiced by the UMC. This dissonance cannot endure for long without having a corrosive effect on the sincerity of Duke’s publicly-stated commitment to diversity, inclusion, and belonging for all, including LGBTQ people. Without decisive leadership, Duke’s moral authority, strongly exercised to good effect in the past, will become an example of hypocrisy and abandoned leadership, undermine its history of admirable action, and cast a long shadow on Duke’s reputation. Duke must either publicly and energetically lead action that ends the discrimination, or it must break ties with the institution that promotes it. We welcome dialogue, and more importantly, action on this matter. We invite supporters of this call to action to submit their signatures to the link in the online edition of this column. Sincerely, Jin-Soo Huh T ‘09, President, Duke LGBTQ Network Board; Thomas Clark T ‘69, Founding Chair, Duke LGBTQ Network Board and first openly-LGBTQ Trustee of Duke University; and Katherine Turner T ‘90, CoChair, Diversity and Membership Committee, Duke LGBTQ Network Board, on behalf of the Duke LGBTQ Network Board

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Should you stop eating meat?

he other day, I finished giving a campus tour and stood around on Abele Quad to answer any last remaining questions that the visitors had. One mother came up to me and said, “So you’re graduating soon—” If you’ve ever bought a drink on campus just to have your straw disintegrate halfway through your meal, it should come as no surprise that Duke Dining has banned plastic straws. This ban is one of a number of steps that the university has recently taken in an effort to be a more environmentallyfriendly campus. In fact, Duke is working towards being carbon-neutral by 2024. But if Duke really cares about sustainability, why hasn’t there been a major push for plant-based options on campus? Let’s be real here: incremental changes like banning plastic straws won’t do much to better the environment, especially when you consider that straws account for only .03 percent

Effective Altruism COLUMN of the plastic discarded in the oceans annually. While the plastic straw movement might not be doing much, incorporating vegetarian and vegan options into your meals could have the impact you’re looking for. A recent study from the University of Oxford found that eliminating animal products from your diet could reduce your food carbon footprint by 73 percent. Of course, there are other considerations beyond the environment. Animals undoubtedly experience pain, and factory farmed animals like chickens are kept in horrific conditions characterized by near-constant suffering. People already care about certain animals and not others, but there is no agreement on which species fall on which side of the line. Our beliefs about which animals have a right not to be eaten or mistreated is largely dependent on the cultures we are born into. The arbitrary distinctions are easily shaken with a bit of honest introspection: what makes a puppy different enough from a chicken that we would cuddle one and eat the other? One might claim that moral duties only extend to fellow members of humanity. But it would be difficult to argue that a non-human, sentient, and intelligent species coming to Earth to devour humans would be a morally neutral event, so perhaps we shouldn’t accept each species only valuing the lives of its own members. If we can’t be firm in our beliefs about the morality of animal farming, can we incentivize the industry to kill billions of farm animals each year and still think of ourselves as moral people? Consider another factor: animal farming has immense externalities on humans. Jobs in slaughterhouses are dangerous and come with immense health risks. Factory farmed animals are fed antibiotics that are accelerating superbugs. Animal waste can often contaminate local water sources, causing a host of environmental and health problems. Farm animals undoubtedly increase the risk of zoonotic diseases which could quickly become pandemics. To be clear, very few people on this campus seem to care about veganism. Plant-based options are immensely neglected at Duke. West Union does have a vegan eatery (Sprout), but very few other places on campus make an effort to offer vegan and vegetarian options. A quick skim of the Fix My Campus Facebook page will reveal more than a few students complaining about the lack of fresh vegetables or soy milk at the Duke Store and Uncle Harry’s. So what should Duke do to address this issue? The university needs to do more to support and promote plant-based eating on this campus. There needs to be more vegan options and these options should be well publicized. At a minimum, Duke should not regress. I was really saddened to see that Pitchforks took the Garden of Edens salad off of its menu this year; as one of the few vegan options

at Pitchforks in previous years, I can’t imagine why someone would decide to remove it from the menu. Duke’s eateries should also add new vegetarian and vegan menu items! It would be quite easy for Duke Dining to veganize existing menu items. For example, Sprout’s kale salad used to have cheese in it, but the cheese was removed at DUSDAC’s suggestion. Menu items do not need to be fully vegan: however, they should be vegan by default and we could perhaps allow students the option to add animal products if they desire. Having these vegan options as a default would gently nudge students towards making the more conscientious decision without “forcing” students to give up animal products if they do not want to. In particular, Duke should ensure that the vegan options available are nutritious and varied. While plant-based diets often are very healthy—in fact, probably healthier than a lot of meat-focused diets—I often hear people bring up the concern that if they were to go vegan, they wouldn’t get enough protein in their diets. While this concern is overblown, Duke can and should do more to expand the vegan protein offerings—Sazon calling portobello a “protein” isn’t going far enough. Looking beyond Duke Dining, individual students can also take action. Obviously, not every Duke student will become vegan. While I would love to see more students eating vegan on this campus, I know it’s unrealistic to think the whole of the student body would give up meat overnight. However, you don’t need to be fully vegan or vegetarian to incorporate plant-based options into your diet! For example, at Red Mango, the whey protein and vegan protein cost the same. I suggested a friend try the vegan protein one day, and because she liked it just as much, she now always orders the vegan protein at Red Mango; even though she is far from fully vegan, she is making a point to make some easy plant-based swaps where it’s easy for her to do so. These types of swaps are steps that everyone on this campus could easily take, no matter their overall dietary preferences. Five people reducing their consumption of animal products by 20 percent is in a sense the same as one person going fully vegan—every bit counts. While Duke Dining should expand its plant-based offerings,

it’s also important to highlight the existing vegan options that are already here. We should all be encouraged to try some of these out. If you’re a chicken nugget fan, you should try the vegan nuggets at Sprout. If you like wings, Heavenly Buffaloes has vegan ones and so does Dankery (on food points too!) For my fellow coffee addicts, try choosing soy or almond milk in your morning latte to mix things up. If you really just can’t seem to part ways with your cherished whey protein or your treasured Pitchforks haystacks, consider other ways you can support animal welfare. Donating money to some of the most impactful animal welfare charities is an incredibly cost-effective way to better animal welfare, with some estimates of preventing a year of an animal suffering in a factory farm at just a couple of dollars. We shouldn’t just support any random animal charity, though—the focus of efficacy is of paramount importance. Determining which organizations to support can be a daunting task, but fortunately there is great research out there about which charities do good work in the space, especially from meta-charities like Animal Charity Evaluators (ACE). ACE does incredible work to highlight which charities best help animals. One ACE charity that has been a standout for a number of years is The Humane League, a highly effective nonprofit focused on grassroots organizing and corporate outreach. So if you really can’t seem to part ways with your carnivorous diet, consider donating to organizations like The Humane League as a way of offsetting your meat consumption. I understand that people don’t want to give up animal products entirely—and that’s understandable. But don’t let labels limit you: just because you may not be fully vegetarian or vegan doesn’t mean that you can’t or shouldn’t be prioritizing animal welfare. Now go try Sprout’s vegan nuggets. They’re delicious, I swear. This column was written by Trinity seniors Sarah Cogan and Eidan Jacob with input from Effective Altruism: Duke. This column was not sponsored by Sprout. If you have ideas, criticisms, or questions regarding Effective Altruism, reach out via effective.altruism.duke@gmail.com.

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CAN’T MISS EVENTS APRIL 10-23

Duke Symphony Orchestra: Senior Night Wednesday, April 10 8 pm Baldwin Auditorium Featuring 2018-2019 Student Concerto Competition winner Bryan Tong performing Mvt. 1 of Chopin’s Piano Concerto No. 1 in E Minor Program also includes Jean Sibelius’ Romance in C and Mahler’s Symphony No. 1 in D Major, “The Titan”

MFA|EDA THESIS EXHIBITION Through Saturday, April 13 Duke and Durham

EXHIBITION: POP AMERICA Through Sunday, July 21 Nasher Museum of Art Antonio Dias, The Illustration of Art/Uncovering the Cover-Up, 1973. Screenprint and acrylic on canvas, 35.82 x 53.54 inches (91 x 136 cm). Courtesy of the artist and Galeria Nara Roesler, New York, New York and Rio, de Janeiro, Brazil. © Antonio Dias.

CHOREOLAB 2019 Friday, April 12 & Saturday, April 13 7:30 pm Reynolds Industries Theater

Katie King (’18) a tangle of branches

SPRING MAINSTAGE PRODUCTION: BAD ROADS Through Sunday, April 14 Sheafer Theater

DUKE INDEPENDENT FILM FESTIVAL Friday, April 12 & Saturday April 13 7-9 pm Rubenstein Arts Center

AFRO-CUBAN ALL STARS April 23 8 pm Carolina Theatre of Durham

Brought to you by Department of Art, Art History and Visual Studies, Center for Documentary Studies, Dance Program, Music Department, Master of Fine Arts in Experimental & Documentary Studies, Nasher Museum of Art, Program in the Arts of the Moving Image’s Screen/Society, Theater Studies and Duke Performances.