SOS solutions for summer skin

Writer: Dr Michelle Emett and the team at Refine Anti-Aging Clinic, Hermanus

Human skin is constantly bombarded by external insults. These are capable of inducing the generation of free radicals as well as reactive oxygen species (ROS). Extrinsic skin damage develops due to several factors: ionising radiation, severe physical and psychological stress, alcohol intake, poor nutrition, overeating, environmental pollution, and exposure to UV radiation (the sun).

It is estimated that among all these environmental factors, up to 80% of skin damage is caused by the sun. UV-induced damage to the skin develops when the formation of oxygen free radicals exceeds the antioxidant defence ability of the skin. The only natural innate protection we have in our skin is melanin and enzymatic antioxidants.

This is supported by the antioxidants in the food we consume (vitamin A, C, E, etc.) or apply to our skin. The most important strategy to reduce the risk of sun damage is to avoid sun exposure and the use of sunscreens. The next step is the use of antioxidants, either orally or by topical application, to prevent oxidative stress and enhance DNA repair.

Human skin is naked; it is essential that we utilise all the help and support on offer to us. DNA damage results in loss of collagen, elastin and vital skin proteins. The end result of oxidative stress is pigmentation disorders, redness or thread veins on the face, as well as a lax, wrinkled appearance of the skin.

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