ACTION
speaks louder than words but not nearly as often Mark Twain
2016 Rehabilitation report
African penguin admissions: A total of 140 African penguins were admitted to the APSS in 2016. To halt the decline in the population and to stabilise the population numbers the rescue and return of adult and juvenile African penguins are the gold standards in the conservation of the species. There is often a misunderstanding of the terminology we use in "penguin speak". To clarify:
An adult African penguin fully dressed in the formal black & white tuxedo.
A typical juvenile. No real fashion sense. All a bit brown
Ready to fledge and to face the big blue for the first time. Referred to as a "Blue"
The fluffy chick. For rehab purposes we use an additional growth stage index for chicks. P0 ,P1,P2, P3, P4
Reasons for admissions Understanding the reasons for admitting penguins undergoing rehabilitation is vital in assisting with determining the environmental conditions and threats they are faced with in the wild. This provides valuable information that informs conservation management action plans. The rehabilitation of African penguins is an important part of the African Penguin Biodiversity Managment Plan because we are at a stage where #EveryBirdCounts. However, rehabilitation is reactive and if we want to prevent the extinction of the African penguin we need to address habitat and environmental conditions. The mission of the APSS is to provide both reactive care and proactive interventions.
Undetermined wounds & injuries: In some cases, it is difficult to determine the cause of the wounds or injuries. With the assistance of the Marine Dynamics shark researchers, we are able to accurately identify the difference between shark & seal bite wounds. In 2016 we had two penguins with undetermined injuries - one with a suspected propeller wound (he was found far up-river in the Breede River) and another adult with a fractured and torqued hip & knee joint. Chick bolstering: Adult African penguins are very good parents, however, if their chicks have not fledged and they need to start their annual moult, their survival instinct will take over, they will abandon their chicks to start the moulting process. As part of the African Penguin Biodiversity Management plan, CapeNature, the management authority for Dyer Island will rescue these chicks for hand-rearing at theAPSS. With population numbers plummeting #EveryBirdCounts.
Rehabilitation outcomes
Released from Kleinbaai(Beach): 30 Released from Dream Catcher (boat): 16 Released on Dyer Island: 66
Cause of death Died within 12 hours
14
Died after 12hr but under 24hr
7
Died over 24hrs after admission
2
Dead on arrival
8
Sea and shore birds report Bird Species
Adult
Juvenile
Total
Cape Gannet Cape Cormorant White-breasted Cormorant Kelp Gull Common Tern
2 20 1 3 4
3 15 0 1 0
5 35 1 4 4
Swift Tern Grey headed Gull Whimbrel Northern Giant Petrel Albatross - Indian Yellownosed
1 1 1 2 1
4 0 0 0 0
5 1 1 2 1
Undetermined wounds: 2 Shark bites: 3 Seal bites: 11 Oil: 2 Chick bolstering: 58 Disease: 33 Emaciation: 19 Arrested moulters:12 Total admitted: 59 Released: 24 Died: 26 Euthanised: 9* * All birds with broken wings are euthanised
17 451
CAUSE OF DEATH DAYS IN REHAB
Average weight on admission: 1.59kg Average weight on release: 3.04kg Lowest weight on admission: 700gr
Average: 30.36 days Shortest: 8 days Longest: 231 days (Seal bite wound) 38 000 sardines 5 700kg R114 000.00
FISH CONSUMED
Released: 112 Still at rehab: 5 Died: 23
5 1 9 6 2
Witsand: 3 Struisbaai:3 Pearly Beach:3 Gansbaai area: 12 Dyer Island: 108 Hermanus: 9 Kleinmond: 1 Betty's Bay: 1
Permanent Rehab Staff: Theanette Staal Xolani Lawo Mervin Visagie Consulting Staff: Dr Marc Walton Trudi Malan
ADMISSION AREAS
Adults: 51 Juveniles: 22 Blues: 9 Chicks:58
Seal bites: Shark bite: Bacterial infection: Starvation & emaciation: Undetermined wounds:
REHABILITATION STAFF
APSS VISITOR NUMBERS
SEA & SHORE BIRDS
REASON FOR ADMISSION
WEIGHT
REHAB OUTCOMES
ADMISSIONS
2016 SUMMARY
CONSERVATION OUTCOMES The parameters required (in terms of survival and breeding success) to maintain the African penguin population in equilibrium (halt the decline) have not been achieved by any single penguin colony since the 1970s, hence the catastrophic population declines. Things are so dire at Dyer Island that we have reached a point where #EveryBirdCounts towards the conservation of the species. The current rates of survival, breeding success and recruitment of wild birds fall short of maintaining the population in equilibrium. Current scenario = nightmare. Equilibrium scenario = Dream During 2016, APSS rehabilitated and released 73 adults and juveniles. This is equivalent to almost 3% of the current Dyer Island population. To put our contribution in perspective: 73 adults represent a minimum of 36 potential pairs. Under the current scenario at Dyer Island, these rehabilitated birds will have fledged a total of 67 chicks over 5 years, 9 will survive to adulthood. If in a perfect world, we manage to achieve the Equilibrium Dream scenario, a total of 130 chicks will fledge over 5 years, with 41 surviving to adulthood. We released 58 blues. In current circumstances, eight of these will survive to breeding age, whereas eighteen will survive to breed under the Equilibrium scenario. The APSS are working with CapeNature to achieve the Equilibrium Scenario for Dyer Island. Rehabilitation success should not only be measured by what proportion of birds we manage to save and release through our rehab efforts. It is only when these birds recruit into the wild (survive and breed) that they contribute to the growth of the population – and that is conservation success. Rehabilitation is a reactive but vital part of preventing the extinction of the African penguin. The APSS as a project of the Dyer Island Conservation Trust believes that pro-active steps, although sometimes less "glamorous" than rehabilitation, should be persued as well. Proactive steps include: Habitat restoration, direct conservation management actions, negotiations with the fishing community to reach a balanced outcome for people and penguins. This will not only assist with the survival of the African penguin but with the ultimate preservation of the magical biodiversity of our oceans.
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