GSD/6332 DAYLIGHTING BUILDINGS 12.15.09 PRESENTATION UNDERSTANDING LIGHT
LIGHT IS ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION, PRACTICALLY EXISTING IN TINY “PACKETS” CALLED PHOTONS, EXHIBITING PROPERTIES OF BOTH WAVES AND PARTICLES.
SCHAUM + ZOUPAS
GSD/6332 DAYLIGHTING BUILDINGS 12.15.09 PRESENTATION UNDERSTANDING LIGHT
HOME
+ SOMMERVILLE, CAMBRIDGE / MASS
THE URBAN CONDITION / TESTING THE MODEL OF THE AMERICAN SUBURBIA
SCHAUM + ZOUPAS
GSD/6332 DAYLIGHTING BUILDINGS 12.15.09 PRESENTATION UNDERSTANDING LIGHT
24 HANSON + SHEHAN STR.
HOME
THE NEIGHBORHOOD
SCHAUM + ZOUPAS
GSD/6332 DAYLIGHTING BUILDINGS 12.15.09 PRESENTATION UNDERSTANDING LIGHT
MY WINDOW
HOME _ FLOOR AREA : 110 M2 RENT : 1800$ / M
ROOM C LIVING ROOM
TYPICAL SUBURBIA HOUSE
WC
ROOM B
// unlike what one might initially think, there is indeed an architect behind each one of these houses. In the case of the typical suburbia house, design seems to refer always to an abstract typology with very little reference to its surroundings.//
ROOM A
SECOND FLOOR PLAN
SCHAUM + ZOUPAS
GSD/6332 DAYLIGHTING BUILDINGS 12.15.09 PRESENTATION UNDERSTANDING LIGHT
THE CONCEPT OF THIS PROJECT IS TO DEVELOP A SENSITIVITY TO THE EXPERIENCE OF LIGHT AS A MATERIAL WHICH SHAPES HUMAN PERCEPTION OF SPACE, TIME AND COMFORT. IT IS THROUGH A DETAILED ANALYSIS OF LIGHTS’ EFFECTS ON ONE’S PERCEPTUAL EXPERIENCE OF A SPACE, AND THE THERMAL EXPOSURES INHERENT IN THAT EXPERIENCE, WHERE A POTENTIAL QUANTITATIVE DESCRIPTION OF A QUALITATIVE EXPERIENCE CAN BE ACHIEVED.
SCHAUM + ZOUPAS
GSD/6332 DAYLIGHTING BUILDINGS 12.15.09 PRESENTATION UNDERSTANDING LIGHT
THIS PROJECT, THROUGH THE TIME BASED MAPPING OF TWO DISTINCT SPACES WITHIN THE SAME BUILDING, WILL ATTEMPT TO DEFINE IN AN ANALYTICAL WAY THE QUALITATIVE DYNAMICS INHERENT WITHIN ONE’S PERCEPTION OF A SPACE. ON BOTH A CLEAR AND AN OVERCAST DAY, WE WILL ANALYZE AND CREATE A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF THE DYNAMICS OF LIGHT TRAVELLING THROUGH BOTH SPACES BY TAKING SERIAL HDRI PHOTOGRAPHS, TIME-LAPSE VIDEO AND THERMAL TEMPERATURE READINGS BASED ON THE EFFECTS AND POSITIONS OF DAYLIGHT IN THE SPACES OVER TIME.
camera(1). position
WITH THIS DATA WE WILL CONDUCT DAYLIGHT GLARE PROBABILITY ANALYSIS, DAYLIGHT FACTORS, ANALYZE THE CHANGE IN LIGHTING LEVELS, THEIR UNIFORMITY AND RELATIONSHIP TO THE MOVEMENT OF TEMPERATURE IN THE SPACE AND DEVELOP A METRICS AND PERHAPS A CORRELATION TO OUR EXPERIENCE OF QUALITY.
camera(2). position
temperature patch (x,y)
temperature patch (x,y)
temperature patch (x,y)
SCHAUM + ZOUPAS
GSD/6332 DAYLIGHTING BUILDINGS 12.15.09 PRESENTATION UNDERSTANDING LIGHT
Luminance / Illuminance Z Degree C
SPACE . X
DF: a % DA: b% False color image
/ SHADING ANALYSIS /
MORNING
// WHEN THE DATA IS COLLECTED WE WILL BE CREATING QUALITATIVE MAPS LIKE THE ONES PRESENTED ABOVE //
NOON
TIME - SECTION
/ TEMPERATURE ANALYSIS /
NIGHT
SCHAUM + ZOUPAS
GSD/6332 DAYLIGHTING BUILDINGS 12.15.09 PRESENTATION UNDERSTANDING LIGHT / TUESDAY 29TH OF DECEMBER
tuesday 29th december 2009 average outside temp : 33.15F average inside temp : 56. 52F sky condition : varies 8 am to 4pm
SCHAUM + ZOUPAS
GSD/6332 DAYLIGHTING BUILDINGS 12.15.09 PRESENTATION UNDERSTANDING LIGHT / SETTING TEMPERATURE PATCHES / ROOM A
KINTREX Infrared Thermometer IRT0241
PT.07
PT.11
PT.15
PT.03
PT.06
PT.10
PT.14
PT.16
PT.05
PT.09
PT.13
PT.17
PT.02
PT.01
PT.04
PT.08
PT.12
SCHAUM + ZOUPAS
GSD/6332 DAYLIGHTING BUILDINGS 12.15.09 PRESENTATION UNDERSTANDING LIGHT / TEMPERATURE CHART / ROOM A
8:00 AM
8:15 AM
8:30 AM
8:45 AM
9:00
9:30 AM
10:00 AM 10:30 AM 11:00 AM
11:30
12:00 AM 12:15 AM 12:30 AM 12:45 AM
1:00 PM
1:30 PM
2:00 PM
2:30 PM
3:00 PM
3:30 PM
4:00 PM
pt.01
57.900
52.800
53.400
51.300
54.100
55.100
55.100
55.300
55.100
54.700
54.100
54.400
54.300
54.800
54.300
54.100
55.500
55.500
55.100
55.300
55.500
pt.02
57.900
54.300
55.300
53.000
55.800
57.100
56.800
56.800
56.500
56.200
55.600
55.400
55.500
55.600
55.300
55.800
56.400
56.500
55.100
55.800
56.400
pt.03
57.900
54.500
55.100
52.800
55.400
56.500
56.400
56.500
56.300
55.900
55.400
55.400
55.300
55.600
55.100
55.800
56.400
56.300
55.400
55.800
56.400
pt.04
57.300
53.800
54.800
52.300
54.900
55.900
55.300
55.300
55.500
57.100
54.300
54.900
54.800
54.900
54.500
55.100
55.700
55.900
55.400
55.600
56.100
pt.05
60.100
57.300
57.600
54.400
57.300
57.800
57.200
56.900
57.100
56.600
55.800
56.400
56.100
56.600
56.300
56.500
57.300
57.500
56.600
57.200
57.200
pt.06
59.000
55.700
56.100
53.900
56.400
57.800
57.200
56.900
57.100
56.600
56.100
56.400
56.100
56.600
56.300
56.500
57.300
57.500
56.600
57.200
57.200
pt.07
58.300
55.300
56.100
53.700
56.400
57.800
57.200
56.900
57.100
56.800
56.300
56.600
56.100
56.600
56.300
56.800
57.300
57.500
56.600
57.200
57.400
pt.08
58.400
54.300
54.000
51.200
55.100
55.600
55.700
55.900
55.400
55.500
54.700
54.900
55.300
55.600
55.100
55.600
56.200
56.300
55.800
56.200
56.300
pt.09
58.600
55.600
56.300
53.600
56.500
57.500
57.300
57.100
56.800
56.800
56.500
56.500
56.300
56.800
56.400
56.800
57.400
57.600
56.800
57.300
57.200
pt.10
58.600
55.600
56.300
53.800
56.500
57.500
57.300
57.100
57.300
56.800
56.500
56.500
56.300
56.800
56.200
56.900
57.400
57.600
56.800
57.300
57.200
pt.11
59.100
56.800
56.300
54.100
56.800
57.800
57.500
57.300
57.500
57.100
56.500
56.500
56.300
56.800
56.200
56.900
57.400
57.400
56.800
57.300
57.400
pt.12
57.100
54.500
54.700
52.700
55.100
55.800
55.500
55.400
54.500
55.100
55.500
55.400
55.500
55.700
55.300
55.700
56.500
56.100
55.700
56.100
56.300
pt.13
60.900
57.800
58.400
56.700
58.300
59.300
58.900
58.600
58.900
58.500
57.900
57.900
57.900
58.300
57.800
58.300
58.800
58.800
57.900
58.400
58.800
pt.14
59.200
57.200
57.300
55.300
57.600
58.400
58.200
57.900
57.900
57.900
57.500
57.500
57.400
57.500
57.100
57.900
57.900
58.100
57.600
58.100
58.100
pt.15
59.300
57.400
57.300
54.700
57.400
58.400
58.200
57.900
57.600
57.900
57.200
57.300
56.900
57.500
56.800
57.900
57.900
57.900
57.400
58.100
58.100
pt.16
59.300
56.500
57.500
54.900
57.600
58.900
58.400
57.900
58.400
58.300
57.400
57.300
57.200
57.800
57.100
57.500
58.200
58.600
57.400
57.900
58.400
pt.17
59.600
56.800
57.500
55.300
57.900
58.900
58.600
58.200
58.400
58.400
57.900
58.100
57.600
57.900
57.500
57.800
58.400
58.600
57.800
58.200
58.600
SCHAUM + ZOUPAS
GSD/6332 DAYLIGHTING BUILDINGS 12.15.09 PRESENTATION UNDERSTANDING LIGHT / SETTING TEMPERATURE PATCHES / ROOM B
KINTREX Infrared Thermometer IRT0241 PT.08
PT.13
PT.16 PT.03
PT.07
PT.12
PT.02
PT.06
PT.11
PT.15
PT.05
PT.01
PT.04
PT.10
PT.17
PT.14
PT.09
SCHAUM + ZOUPAS
GSD/6332 DAYLIGHTING BUILDINGS 12.15.09 PRESENTATION UNDERSTANDING LIGHT / TEMPERATURE CHART / ROOM B
8:00 AM
8:15 AM
8:30 AM
8:45 AM
9:00
9:30 AM
10:00 AM
10:30 AM
11:00 AM
11:30
12:00 AM
12:15 AM
12:30 AM
12:45 AM
1:00 PM
1:30 PM
2:00 PM
2:30 PM
3:00 PM
3:30 PM
4:00 PM
pt.01
54.900
52.000
52.700
50.600
52.300
54.000
53.400
54.300
53.100
53.400
53.600
54.100
53.400
54.000
53.600
53.800
55.800
55.100
55.300
55.600
55.800
pt.02
55.900
52.900
53.400
51.200
53.700
54.800
54.500
55.600
54.500
54.700
54.400
55.400
54.800
55.300
54.700
55.300
56.900
56.400
56.600
56.200
56.900
pt.03
57.300
54.500
57.100
52.700
54.500
56.300
55.900
56.800
55.700
56.200
55.500
56.600
55.700
56.300
55.600
56.500
57.900
57.400
57.800
58.200
57.300
pt.04
54.300
51.300
52.000
50.300
52.300
53.800
53.400
55.300
53.800
53.700
54.000
55.100
53.900
54.300
53.700
54.300
55.800
55.800
55.500
55.800
55.700
pt.05
57.300
55.100
55.100
53.400
55.100
56.600
56.200
56.900
55.800
56.200
55.700
57.200
55.900
56.300
56.200
56.800
58.300
57.600
57.100
57.900
57.500
pt.06
56.100
53.700
54.100
52.100
53.800
55.600
55.300
56.300
57.400
55.900
55.900
56.800
55.900
56.500
57.300
58.100
59.100
59.600
58.200
57.600
57.500
pt.07
58.100
54.900
55.100
53.100
54.800
55.800
55.500
57.100
55.600
55.900
55.700
56.800
55.900
56.500
56.200
57.700
59.200
59.400
57.900
57.600
57.500
pt.08
56.800
54.400
54.900
52.900
54.800
56.100
55.700
56.800
55.600
55.900
55.700
56.500
55.900
56.500
55.900
56.300
57.800
57.500
57.300
57.900
57.500
pt.09
53.600
52.000
52.400
49.900
52.300
53.800
53.400
54.100
53.700
53.800
53.600
53.900
54.300
54.500
53.800
55.100
55.700
55.800
55.700
56.300
56.200
pt.10
57.200
54.900
54.800
53.300
55.100
56.800
56.300
56.900
55.900
56.200
56.200
56.800
56.500
57.300
56.300
56.500
58.100
57.600
57.300
57.500
57.600
pt.11
58.400
55.700
56.300
54.000
56.200
57.800
57.400
57.900
57.300
57.400
57.400
57.400
57.300
57.300
57.200
57.600
58.900
58.600
58.100
58.600
58.500
pt.12
58.400
55.700
56.300
54.000
56.400
57.800
57.400
57.900
57.100
57.400
56.800
57.400
57.300
57.500
57.200
57.600
58.900
58.600
58.100
58.600
58.500
pt.13
57.500
55.400
56.100
53.700
55.900
57.300
57.200
57.500
56.800
56.900
56.500
57.200
56.800
57.100
56.800
56.800
58.100
58.200
58.100
58.400
58.800
pt.14
55.900
53.400
54.000
51.800
53.800
55.500
55.600
55.900
54.600
54.900
54.700
54.900
54.900
55.400
55.100
55.300
56.800
56.900
56.600
57.300
57.500
pt.15
58.400
57.100
56.800
54.000
56.600
57.100
57.400
57.600
55.900
56.400
57.800
57.600
56.100
56.900
56.300
56.200
57.800
57.800
57.500
57.500
58.400
pt.16
58.800
56.300
56.800
54.500
57.100
57.900
57.800
57.900
57.300
57.800
57.200
57.600
57.400
57.900
57.300
57.600
59.000
58.500
58.100
58.900
58.600
pt.17
57.900
55.900
56.100
53.800
55.500
57.600
57.500
57.300
57.100
57.300
56.600
57.300
56.800
57.100
56.400
56.800
58.300
57.600
57.400
57.900
57.800
SCHAUM + ZOUPAS
GSD/6332 DAYLIGHTING BUILDINGS 12.15.09 PRESENTATION UNDERSTANDING LIGHT / TEMPERATURE CHARTS SUPERIMPOSITION / ROOM A+B
SECTION D-D
SECTION C-C
SECTION B-B
SECTION A-A
ORTHOGRAPHICAL PROJECTION
notes : + by creating time-sections we can for any time of the day retrieve data about the temperature levels in both rooms , PDUNHG IRXU FKDUDFWHULVWLF SRLQWV RI WKH GLDJUDP WR H[SODLQ WKH ÂżQGLQJV Section A-A : The high temperature levels of Section A-A are due to the fact that both rooms were occupied during the night, the doors were closed and the heat of the bodies that were in the room has been absorbed by the space. Section B-B : The fall in temperature in both rooms corresponds to the moment the clouds obscured the sun. We need to identify though that the part of the diagram from section A-A to Section B-B relates to a gradual adjustment of the room to the onditions of the exterior environment. The average temperature in the rooms at this time is 52.5 degrees F and the average temperature outside is almost half, 27.5 degrees F. From this point on the temperatures will gradually rise. Section C-C : This is the point of the day that the average temperature in both rooms (55.859F) is the same and also close to the overall average of the day (55.938F). It is interesting that the diagram clearly demonstrates this moment.
THREE DIMENSIONAL PROJECTION
Section D-D : This section shows the effect of the sun on the average temperature of the room. The sun has not been obscured for a period of time and this is the moment that the room has absorbed the maximum heat. Also it demonstrates a moment when the sky becomes again overcast. SCHAUM + ZOUPAS
GSD/6332 DAYLIGHTING BUILDINGS 12.15.09 PRESENTATION PERCEPTION OF COMFORT / QUALITY OF LIGHT / COLOR STUDIES / ROOM A
8:00 AM
8:30 AM
SCHAUM + ZOUPAS
GSD/6332 DAYLIGHTING BUILDINGS 12.15.09 PRESENTATION PERCEPTION OF COMFORT / QUALITY OF LIGHT / COLOR STUDIES / ROOM B
11:45 AM
3:00 PM
SCHAUM + ZOUPAS
GSD/6332 DAYLIGHTING BUILDINGS 12.15.09 PRESENTATION PERCEPTION OF COMFORT / QUALITY OF LIGHT / METRICS / ROOM A+B
[ MEAN DAYLIGHT AUTONOMY = 40.4% ]
0%
100%
DAYLIGHT AUTONOMY ANALYSIS
[ AVERAGE DAYLIGHT FACTOR = 3.84% ]
0%
2%
4%
6%
66.2% OF THE AREA > 2% DF
DAYLIGHT FACTOR ANALYSIS SCHAUM + ZOUPAS
GSD/6332 DAYLIGHTING BUILDINGS 12.15.09 PRESENTATION PERCEPTION OF COMFORT / QUALITY OF LIGHT / COLOR STUDIES / ROOM A+B
ROOM A / 2:00 AM / AVER. TEMP : 57.10F
ROOM B / 2:00 AM / AVER. TEMP : 57.80F
THIS IS A SIMULTANEOUS LIGHTING CONDITION OF THE TWO ROOMS. THE TWO HDRI PHOTOS BOTH REFER TO 2:00 AM IN THE AFTERNOON. IT IS OBVIOUS THAT THE OPPOSITE CONDITION IS THE CASE EARLY IN THE MORNING. THE CASE FOR DESIGN IS TO TAKE THE SUN PATH INTO ACCOUNT IN SUCH A WAY THAT ALL ROOMS CAN CHERISH THE QUALITY OF LIGHT IN THE RIGHT PICTURE AND AVOID CONDITION LIKE THE ONE ON THE LEFT.
SCHAUM + ZOUPAS
GSD/6332 DAYLIGHTING BUILDINGS 12.15.09 PRESENTATION PERCEPTION OF COMFORT / QUALITY OF LIGHT / COLOR STUDIES / ROOM A+B
8:15 AM
8:30 AM
average inside temperature : 56.35 F average outside temperature : 27.5 F
WE WILL USE OUR HUMAN PERCEPTION OF COMFORT TO IDENTIFY THE MOMENTS OF THE DAY THAT THE LEVEL OF LIGHT IN THE ROOM CREATES A CONDITON OF WELL-LIT SPACE. THEN WE WILL SORT THESE TIMES OF THE DAY OUT,TEST THEM AGAINST OUR MEASUREMENTS OF TEMPERATURE AND CREATE RADIANCE FILES TO CALCULATE THE DAYLIGHTING FACTOR, GLARE PROPABILITY ETC. WE WILL THEN COMPARE THESE TO FORM A QUANTITATIVE ARGUMENT AND SUPPORT AND VALIDATE OUR PERCEPTION OF QUALITY.
2:OO PM
2:30 PM
average inside temperature : 57.75 F average outside temperature : 38.2 F
SCHAUM + ZOUPAS
GSD/6332 DAYLIGHTING BUILDINGS 12.15.09 PRESENTATION PERCEPTION OF COMFORT / DAYLIGHT AND TEMPERATURE / ROOM A
57.7cd/m2 52.80F
61.80cd/m2 53.60F
38.60cd/m2 54.50F
73.1cd/m2 54.30F
439.00cd/m2 57.30F
72.90cd/m2 55.70F
86.60cd/m2 55.60F
average temperature : 55.65F
SCHAUM + ZOUPAS
GSD/6332 DAYLIGHTING BUILDINGS 12.15.09 PRESENTATION PERCEPTION OF COMFORT / DAYLIGHT AND TEMPERATURE / ROOM B
41.3cd/m2 56.70F
245.6cd/m2 55.4F
195.30cd/m2 57.40F 45.9cd/m2 58.0F
215.6cd/m2 59.30F
37.0cd/m2 59.20F
average temperature : 57.65F
SCHAUM + ZOUPAS
SCHAUM + ZOUPAS
SCHAUM + ZOUPAS
GSD/6332 DAYLIGHTING BUILDINGS 12.15.09 PRESENTATION UNDERSTANDING LIGHT / SMALL EXPERIMENTS / ROOM B _ TWO CORNERS
TIME : 2:46pm SKY CONDITION : Sunny Average inside temperature : 57.35 F Average outside temperature : 36.8 F
notes : + the difference in temperature ranges from half degree up to 7 degrees F. + Exposure to sunlight raises the temperature up to 5 degrees : for example note the 58.5 measurement onthe shaded pillow and the 63.4 measurement on the exposed one. Similarly, we have 58.9 measurement on the shded part of the wooden wall and a 62.4 on the exposed part of the wall. + color palys a very important role in absorption of heat. note the 67.4 measurement on the red pillow as opposed to the 63.4 on the adjacent blue pillow. It is a substantial difference of 4 degrees F on an identical material fundamentally (except color).
TIME : 12:12am SKY CONDITION : Sunny , some clouds Average inside temperature : 56.75 F Average outside temperature : 37.2 F
notes : + the measurement on the red book is 60.1 degrees F, slightly larger of the measurement RI WKH PHDVXUHPHQW RI WKH H[SRVHG ZRRGHQ ÀRRU ,I ZH FRPSDUH WKLV ZLWK WKH SUHYLRXV example of the red pillow we become aware of WKH GHJUHH WKDW PDWHULDO LQÀXHQFHV the amount of heat absorption. + regarding the anisotropy of material behavior, but also the degree of precision of the measuring instrument, I point out to the two measurements of 58.5 and 59.1 degrees F on the same wood surface, only a couple of inches away.
SCHAUM + ZOUPAS
GSD/6332 DAYLIGHTING BUILDINGS 12.15.09 PRESENTATION UNDERSTANDING LIGHT / SMALL EXPERIMENTS / TWO CHAIRS
TIME : 2:28pm SKY CONDITION : Sunny Average inside temperature : Average outside temperature : 36.4 F
notes : + there is a slight raise in temperature ( around 2 degrees F ) on the chair as opposed to the overall temperature of the atmosphere. + there is a ten degrees difference EHWZHHQ WKH VHDW DQG WKH EDFN RI WKH FKDLU $W 多UVW both parts of the hair seem to share the same status, that is they are both from the same material and are both shaded. A closer look however reveals that the back of the chair is exposed to sun for some time and this length of exposure accounts for this average 10 degrees of difference in temperature.
TIME : 2:34pm SKY CONDITION : Sunny Average inside temperature : 57.25 F Average outside temperature : 37.1 F
notes : + again there is a difference of an average two degrees on the sunny and the shaded part of the fabric. + the difference in temperature on the wooden part and on the fabric is not substantial. The metrics are so close that it would be false to argue a lot on the fabric absorbing more heat than the wood, although we know from material properties that this is indeed so.
SCHAUM + ZOUPAS
GSD/6332 DAYLIGHTING BUILDINGS 12.15.09 PRESENTATION UNDERSTANDING LIGHT / SMALL EXPERIMENTS / MONOCHROMATIC FIELDS
TIME : 11:45am SKY CONDITION : Sunny, some clouds Average inside temperature : 56.1 F Average outside temperature : 38.2 F
notes : + the interest in this case comes form the monochromatic ZKLWH ¿HOG RI GLIIHUHQW PDWHULDOV and the study of how each material on the different occasion of shade or exposure reacts in terms of heat absorption. The differences are minor in general and one needs to start familiarizing more with this scale of change to carry out any arguments. + it is interesting to notice the 53.3 metrics on the fully shaded wall and the 53.4 identical measurement on the blinds shaded part of the same wall + also we notice the 53.9 degrees temperature on the surface of the glass pane with an outside average of 38 degrees F.
TIME : 11:35am SKY CONDITION : Sunny , some clouds Average inside temperature : 56.25 F Average outside temperature : 37.9 F
notes : + similar to the previous example this test seeks to understand the anisotropy of behavior DQG YDULDWLRQ RI UHVXOWV RQ WKH ZRRGHQ ÀRRU 7KH GHJUHHV DYHUDJH GLIIHUHQFH LQ temperatures betwen the exposed and the shaded parts is more or less expected. + as in the previous example one needs to create a more in-depth study of wood behavior and wood performance to challenge these measuements.
SCHAUM + ZOUPAS
GSD/6332 DAYLIGHTING BUILDINGS 12.15.09 PRESENTATION UNDERSTANDING LIGHT / SMALL EXPERIMENTS / STEPHEN’S HEAD
TIME : 2:54pm SKY CONDITION : Sunny Average inside temperature : Average outside temperature : 41.3 F
notes : + after testing light absorption in relation to material properties and surface characteristics such as color, we used this measurement to support what otherwise is common knowledge ; the fact that sun warms the human body and is in a great degree responsible for our feeling of comfort. WKH ¿YH GHJUHHV RI WHPSHUDWXUH ULVH LQ WHPSHUDWXUH RQ 6WHSKHQœV KHDG LV LPSUHVVLYH HVSH FLDOO\ ZKHQ WHVWHG LQ FRPSDULVRQ WR KLV EODFN MDFNHW ZKLFK LV DOVR D YHU\ HI¿FLHQW KHDW absorber. In fact the two measurements were done at a glance, but it was indeed enough time for the skin to raise its temperature; but not enough time for the fabric. This automatic response to the sun of course accounts for the sun’s strong impact on our senses and our feeling of well-being and comfort once exposed to it. + also notice that the temperature on the human head at this point was almost double of the temperature in the environment.
SCHAUM + ZOUPAS