G1.15 christmas v19 by Early Start Languages

1.15 Fröhliche Weihnachten!

15. Fröhliche Weihnachten! Happy Christmas! Germans are traditionally famous for their Christmas celebrations. Many of their customs have spread around the world, and will be familiar to children. Film 15 shows Christmas preparations in Germany. This section is designed to use in the festive season, whatever stage you are in the course. It suggests some language work based on a few Christmas words, and some creative activities which will help give a taste of how the Germans enjoy Weihnachten: ■ cooking simple festive recipes, ■ craft activities such as making an Adventskalender. ■ singing German carols, Children can explore the German origins of the “white Christmas” tradition.

NEW WORDS AND PHRASES Film 15 contains a variety of Christmas words and phrases. The ones below are key words with corresponding picture cards at the end of the chapter. See “extra words and phrases” for more Christmas vocabulary.

fröhliche Weihnachten! happy Christmas! der Weihnachtsmarkt Christmas market der Weihnachtskeks Christmas biscuit der Weihnachtsbaum Christmas tree der Tannenbaum fir tree Sankt Nikolaus Saint Nicholas der Bratapfel baked apple der Stollen a type of German Christmas cake der Adventskranz Advent crown Neujahr/Sylvester New Year/New Year's Eve

DVD / VIDEO Film 15 Sankt Nikolaus St. Nicholas celebrations 5 On the evening before 6 December, Oliver puts out his shoe. He hopes Sankt Nikolaus will come in the night and fill it with sweets. In the morning, der Nikolaustag (or der Nikolaus), he finds the shoe full of sweets and also a special plate, der Nikolausteller, containing fruit, nuts and more sweets. The music heard in the background is the well known carol, "Stille Nacht" (Silent Night). Dec

CD Track 39

The church bells are ringing. A children's choir, der Kinderchor, sings a typically German Christmas carol. The carol, das Weihnachtslied, is called "Stern über Bethlehem" (Star over Bethlehem). As the children sing, we see a stained glass window and a statue, both depicting Sankt Nikolaus.

Scene from film 15: Small gifts appear in a shoe left outside the door overnight usually accompanied by a plate of fruit and sweets called “der Nikolausteller”.

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Scene from film 15: Sankt Nikolaus at a children’s party.

We then see a modern day Sankt Nikolaus arriving at a children's party. Unlike Santa, he wears a bishop's mitre and carries a bishop's crook. He gives presents to the children. Advent Dec Der Bratapfel - baked apple 1-24 During Advent, many German people enjoy a baked apple. We see a chef in a restaurant kitchen, showing how to prepare the apples. He stuffs them with nuts, raisins and marzipan. Meeting friends at Christmas time Oliver and his father are visiting Valentin and his parents. They greet each other: Detlef (Father): “Guten Tag!“ Claudia: “Hallo!” Detlef: “Wie geht's?” Claudia: “Gut, und wie geht's dir?” Detlef: “Gut, danke!“ . Claudia: “Hallo Oliver! Wie geht's dir denn?” Oliver: "Gut, danke!" Claudia: "Kommt herein!" (Come in)

Scene from film 15: “Möchtest du einen Keks?” The table is decorated with an Adventskranz.

Everyone goes to sit at the table. There are Christmas biscuits, die Weihnachtskekse, and a special German cake, der Stollen, to eat. 142

The table is decorated with an Advent Crown, der Adventskranz. Claudia offers Oliver the plate of Christmas biscuits: "Möchtest du einen Keks?" (Would you like a biscuit?). The music playing in the background is the well known German carol, “Alle Jahre wieder kommt das Christuskind“ (The Christ child comes every year). Ready for Christmas Eve Dec Preparing Christmas trees for market 24 German families decorate their trees on Christmas Eve. In the days before, thousands of Christmas trees are prepared for sale. We see a fir tree - der Tannenbaum - cut down with a chain saw. The trees are put into bags and driven by lorry to the Christmas market.

Scene from film 15: Packing up Christmas trees in the forest.

The music playing in the background is another traditional Christmas song, "O Tannenbaum" (Oh Christmas tree). Der Weihnachtsmarkt - Christmas market We see Christmas trees at the Christmas market, der Weihnachtsbaum - another tradition in the days before Christmas. Attractions include: a children's fairground, pony rides and stalls selling sweets, decorations and sausages. There is also a nativity scene presented in the open air, die Krippe, with a real donkey and sheep. Finally, der Weihnachtsmann (Father Christmas) rides through the market on horseback. Neujahr - New Year's celebrations Dec This sequence shows the New Year's 31 fireworks display in the city of Köln. New Year's Eve is known in German as Silvester and New Year itself as Neujahr. We hear children's voices call out: “Frohes Neues Jahr!” (Happy New Year!).

1.15 Fröhliche Weihnachten! M 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.

KEY SOUNDS

DVD MARKERS

Listen and enjoy copying these typical sounds: where have you heard them before?

Saint Nicholas - new words & culture Choir singing - new words & culture Baked apples - new words & culture Visiting friends - language in context Christmas trees- new words & culture Christmas market - new words & culture New Year- new words & culture

“ ” as in Weihnachten Heard before in:

weiß

“ ” as in Weihnachten Heard before in:

Use the skip key on your remote control

Planning your lessons You can explore German customs (and learn some more language) within the class time devoted to the topic of “Christmas”. Plan practical making-activities with food and craft from those suggested. Children will enjoy finding out how other people celebrate Christmas, and can explore the origins and symbolism behind such traditions, and how they are continually borrowed and re-invented. Language work can start with the few Christmas words in film 15, which includes several compound nouns - a possible talking point. German carols can be sung, and also used as a ‘gisting’ activity. Some pupils may be ready to use German in Christmas displays and story-telling.

Mittwoch

“

” as in Sankt Nikolaus

“

” as in Adventskranz

Heard before in:

Frau

zwei

(listen to the native speakers - try to copy their typically German sounds. ) CD Track 39

Ask the class as a group to echo the German Christmas words as you show the pictures, paying attention to key sounds (see box).

4. Respond with understanding ❑ Play "find it" Place the flashcards around the classroom or attach them to the board. You name one of the Christmas words, e.g. “Sankt Nikolaus”; first pupil to touch that card wins a point.

Activities

❑ Play "true or false" You hold up a picture-card (or show it on the OHP/whiteboard) and say one of the Christmas words. If what you say matches the picture, pupils echo the word; if not, pupils remain silent.

1. Warm up ❑ Talk with children about how people celebrate Christmas-time in their community, emphasizing diversity: not everyone does the same. Use props such as old Christmas cards to talk about a “typical white Christmas”.

5. Watch the film again ❑ Show film 15: “Fröhliche Weihnachten” again, and talk with pupils about the Christmas scenes they have seen (see “talking points”).

2. Watch the film ❑ Show film 15: “Fröhliche Weihnachten!” . Stop before the words are shown on screen.

Inter-cultural understanding

3. Get used to the sounds

❑ Talk with the class about how they and people they know celebrate at Christmas. Compare with the film of German festivities: what is different, and what is familiar?

❑ Echoing: Show pictures from the activity sheets on an OHP/whiteboard, or as flashcards to introduce some key Christmas words. 143

E a r l y S t a r t G erman Pack 1 6. Watch the film again

CROSS CURRICULAR ACTIVITIES

❑ Show the last part of film 15 if you want to introduce the written word ...

7. Introduce the written word ❑ Make word flashcards to accompany the Christmas picture cards on the activity sheets. Attach the pictures to the wall and set out the word-cards on the table. You point to a picture; ask a pupil to select the appropriate word, say its name and attach it to the correct picture. ❑ Play “word-picture match” Give some pupils word-cards and others Christmas pictures. When you call out an word, pupils run to find their partner. Ask the children to swap cards every so often.

Here are some suggestions to help develop your classwork over the Christmas period to encompass lots of German language and cultural activities. ❑ Design & technology/ Literacy: Making & opening an Advent Calendar Making an Advent Calendar is about creating a series of surprises, perhaps building up to a dramatic climax. So opening the calendar is as important as designing it. Pupils could design and make an Advent calendar (der Adventskalender) as a collaborative class project. Allocate each of the 24 windows to a pupil. On successive days in Advent, the pupil-designer unveils their window to the whole class.

❑ Play “biggest word” As a class, count the number of syllables in compound German nouns like “Weihnachtskeks” (see “how German works”). See who can find the longest Christmas word (i.e. most syllables), using sources such as a suitable bilingual dictionary and story books. Ask them to say the word to you, to check the pronunciation. You could make an illustrated class display of Christmas words. ❑ Play “ei” and “ie” Place some word-cards on a table. Ask pupils to pick one with an “ee” sound (or an “eye”): “ee”: Wiedersehen, Dienstag, wie, hier, vier, sieben... “eye”: Weihnachten, Freitag, heiße, ein, zwei, drei...

Each window could, for example, open to reveal a drawing of something that the pupil can name in German - perhaps a pet animal, or a weather scene? Before opening, the number of the window should be announced in German.

HOW GERMAN WORKS: Long compoumd nouns in German Many long German words are easy to understand when you realise they are made by joining words together. Children may notice that many Christmas words are compounds. In dictionaries, the headword (shown e.g. with “|”) is not repeated, but just indicated with ”~”: Weihnachts|markt - Christmas market ~ lied - carol (Christmas-song) ~ baum - Christmas tree ~ teller - Christmas plate Advents|kranz - Advent crown ~ kalender - Advent calendar 144

der Nikolaus|(tag) - (St.) Nicholas’ day ~ teller - St. Nicholas’ plate (of sweets) Pupils have already met other examples:das Haustier - pet (house-animal) der Tiergarten - zoo (animal-garden) mein Lieblingstier - my favourite animal ... other words made with “Lieblings...”: meine Lieblingsfarbe - my favourite colour ❑ You could give pupils a series of compound words, and ask them to spot what words each is made of, e.g.: “der Heilig|abend”? (heard before in Guten Abend)

1.15 Fröhliche Weihnachten! ❑ ICT: Pupils can make a multimedia Adventskalender. Use software like StoryMaker that enables children to create, for example, an animation that activates when the user clicks on the “window” on-screen (see www.earlystart.co.uk for examples).

German carols : English lyrics These are literal translations which may not match the English versions normally sung.

Stille Nacht, heilige Nacht! 1.

❑ ICT: Swap information about how your class will celebrate Christmas with your partner school in Germany. Take digital video or photographs, or make a book to show German children what your Christmases are like.

❑ Art & Design: Pupils can draw and paint pictures to send to their exchange school of how they will celebrate Christmas. They could make Christmas cards, but this is not a German tradition.

Silent night, holy night! Everyone sleeps; alone [watches}1 only the loving most-holy couple, [watches]2 the blessed boy with curly hair. Sleep in heavenly peace. (x2) Silent Night! Holy Night! Shepherds first got the tidings through the angel’s alleluia singing loudly far and near: “Christ, the saviour is here!” (x2)

NOTE: in English, “watch” would go at 2 not 1.

Stern über Bethlehem 1.

❑ Art & Design: Pupils can make typical German decorations for the classroom, such as hanging stars, Christmas tree shapes, snowmen, models of Sankt Nikolaus and other symbols. ❑ Food technology/ “Taste Test”: Pupils can make and adapt Weihnachtskekse (Christmas biscuits), Pfefferkuchen (Gingerbread houses) or Bratapfel (baked apple), then conduct a class survey to see which Christmas treat is best - see following pages and activity sheet.

Star over Bethlehem, Show us the way, Lead us to the manger, Show us where it stands, Light up the way ahead, ‘till we arrive there. Star over Bethlehem, lead us to the child. Star over Bethlehem, Now you stand still, And let us all see the wonder that is happening here that no-one expected. Star over Bethlehem, in this night.

O Tannenbaum

❑ Music: sing German carols The children can sing German carols as part of their Christmas repertoire, using the Songsheets in this chapter. This is a great opportunity for the children to get used to German sounds by singing these poetic lyrics with authentic pronunciation. Such poetic language does not bear a wordfor-word translation, but you could discuss with the class the gist of the meaning - picking out words you know, and new ones pinpointed on the song-sheet. Use key sounds to help work out pronunciation. The box, right (for teachers only!) gives fairly literal translations of two verses of each song. You can find recordings of each Christmas song on the audio CD which accompanies this pack. Pupils can sing along with the German children on the CD, or when they are confident, to the karaoke tracks.

O Christmas tree, O Christmas tree, How green are your leaves! You’re green not only in the summertime, Also in the winter when it snows O Christmas tree, O Christmas tree, How green are your leaves! O Christmas tree, O Christmas tree, You can please me very much! How often has not at Christmastime A tree like you given me such joy! O Christmas tree, O Christmas tree, You can please me very much!

Alle jahre wieder 1. 2.

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Year after year, the Christchild comes to Earth where we people are. He comes into each house and gives his blessing He goes with us on all our paths (everywhere we go).

E a r l y S t a r t G erman Pack 1

Talking point 1 Everyday life in Germany: Christmas celebrations At Christmas-time the main celebrations in Germany are at home, with family, and for some - in church. Customs have evolved from older Catholic traditions like St. Nicholas, and those of 18th-early 19th century Protestants (see Luther Ch.1.4). Sankt Nikolaus Dec We see in film 15 how Christmas starts 5 early in Germany. On the evening before St. Nicholas’ Day on December 6th, children leave their shoes outside their bedroom door. That night, Nikolaus is supposed to go round: he fills the shoes with sweets and small presents, and may leave a plate of sweets - a Nikolausteller. Naughty children will be noted in the black book kept by Nikolaus’ servant, Knecht Ruprecht: they will be left a bundle of twigs instead. Advent Dec All through December, people prepare 1-24 for Christmas. The film shows family homes decorated for the season: a wreath of fir tree branches on the door; similar decorations inside: an Advent crown on the table bears 4 candles, one for each Sunday of Advent. Families and guests enjoy seasonal foods like gingerbread biscuits (Weihnachtskekse). Recipe Children join in a home-baking tradition: making a gingerbread house (Pfefferkuchen). Recipe Everything you need for the festivities is traditionally sold in a special Christmas street market (Weihnachtsmarkt). Stalls sell good quality handmade presents, decorations, candles: you are tempted by funfair rides, and delicious smells of hot chestnuts, mulled wine, baked apples Recipe and grilled sausages. Christmas Eve Dec The family tree is only decorated on 24 Christmas Eve (not before). Everyone admires the tree and opens their presents Catholic families attend Mass first. Children stay up late for an evening feast, often fish such as river carp (if the family avoids meat for religious reasons) and potato salad . In some parts of the country, children are told

that presents are brought by das Christkind, an angel in white robes and crown, sent as a messenger from the Christ Child; or by der Weihnachtsmann (Christmas Man), who looks like Santa Claus. Christmas Day Dec It is traditional to have a special family 25 meal on Christmas day - roast goose, pork and carp are very popular, with sidedishes like white sausage and macaroni salad. One favourite Christmas treat is der Stollen, a moist loaf of bread with dried fruit, nuts and marzipan - a speciality of Dresden. New Year’s Eve Dec On New Year's Eve, people celebrate 31 with parties; children are often allowed to stay up and join in. At midnight, the new year is toasted with Sekt (German fizzy wine). There is a firework display in every town and the church bells are rung.

Why we all want a White Christmas In the 19th century, millions of German emigrants brought these enjoyable customs to America. In northern states they had snowy winters and fir-tree forests like back home in Germany (see Ch.1.9). Settlers from other traditions joined in: Saint Nicholas became Santa Claus, portrayed in a red outfit. From 1800, George II’s German-born Queen put up trees at home, decorated with candles and sweets (see ch.1.4). Queen Victoria’s German husband, Prince Albert, later made the custom widely popular. British inventions for Christmas include: cards, crackers, mince pies, puddings - see www.earlystart.co.uk. Hollywood, TV and globalisation have spread these enjoyable customs around the world. ❑ Discuss as a class when different children’s families exchange presents, and any other customs they want to share.You will probably see diversity - not just between children of different faiths.

EXTRA WORDS AND PHRASES

der Heiligabend - Christmas Eve der erste Weihnachtstag Christmas Day der zweite Weihnachtstag Boxing Day CD Track 39

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1.15 Fröhliche Weihnachten!

Weihnachtskekse

Directions: Make the spicy dough - mix the flour, 2 baking powder, margarine, brown sugar, salt, spices, golden syrup and yoghurt together. Add the eggs to make a dough. 3 Knead the dough well. 4 Leave the dough in the refrigerator for 5 30 minutes. Sprinkle some flour on your worksurface. 6 Roll out dough until it is 3-5 mm thick. 7 8 Cut out biscuit shapes. Star shapes are traditional in Germany at Christmas. 9 Bake in a moderate oven (180˚C) until the biscuits are golden (about 10-20 mins).

❑ Food Technology: Make “Weihnachtskekse” In film 15, children see a family and guests passing round star-shaped Christmas biscuits. These are made from “melt-in-the-mouth” soft gingerbread, covered with white icing. Pupils can make these German biscuits, following copies of the recipe on the activity sheet. Teachers might find the directions below useful, should children need help following the diagrams.

Experiments you can try: ❑ Cut different shapes, e.g. Christmas tree, gingerbread man. Class votes for best shape. ❑ Cover the biscuit tops with white icing: 200 g icing sugar (200 g Zuckerguß) warm water to mix (Wasser) ❑ Try black treacle instead of golden syrup. ❑ Make German cinnamon stars (Zimtsterne): replace the ginger with more cinnamon; add 3 drops of vanilla flavour (die Vanille).

Scene from film 15: “Weihnachtskekse”- Christmas biscuits.

Gingerbread House

Ingredients: 500 g plain flour (500 g Mehl) 1 teaspoon of baking powder (1 Teelöffel1 Backpulver) 200 g margarine (200 g Margarine) 200 g brown sugar (200 g brauner Zucker) 300 g golden syrup (or 3 tablespoons) (300g/ 3 Esslöffel heller Sirup)1 2 eggs (2 Eier) 2 tablespoons of yoghurt (2 Esslöffel1 Jogurt) 1 pinch of salt (1 Messerspitze1 Salz) Ground spices: 1 teaspoon of cinnamon (1 Teelöffel1 Zimt) 1 teaspoon of ginger (1 Teelöffel1 Ingwer) 1 Measures: Messerspitze: literally "the tip of a knife", but in cooking it means “a pinch of...”, i.e. a small amount of salt, spices, etc. Teelöffel: a teaspoonful Esslöffel: a tablespoonful

Pupils can make a German Christmas scene on a plate, with a little gingerbread house (Lebkuchenhäuschen). Make with this recipe (cut walls and roof to shape before baking).

We made a “Weihnachtsteller” (decorated Christmas plate)!

For quick results, stick 2 shortbread fingers on half a Mars bar with icing; dust with icing sugar. See www.earlystart.co.uk for more ideas. 147

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Bratapfel

FILLINGS (for each apple):

This Christmas-time treat is made with the best of the autumn apple harvest. In film 15, we see a German restaurant chef prepare a festive filling for baked apples, including: marzipan, mixed spices, almond flakes, raisins, ground hazelnuts, lemon zest. Children could experiment with different fillings, and ask the rest of the class to do a “Taste Test” to see which is best. You could work together on just a few apples, and share the results!

Each apple needs only a tablespoon of ingredients to fill the hollowed out core, so you will not need large quantities to involve the whole class, especially if they work in groups.

Experiments you can try:

Scene from film 15: “Bratapfel” - seasonal baked apples.

Equipment: ● apple corer ● teaspoon ● knife ● board ● tablespoon ● mixing bowl(s) ● ovenproof dish/tray ● Oven or microwave

Directions: 1. Wash hands, then the apple; 2. Hold the apple firmly on a board and cut out the core with an apple corer; 3. Cut a line through the skin around the middle of the apple, to help stop it bursting; 4. Stuff the apple core with your chosen filling (see “experiments”); 5. Put the apple in an ovenproof dish and pour in a little water or juice (optional); 6. Bake in an oven at 200C (Gas Mark 6), for 30-40 minutes OR Microwave until baked. This gives almost instant results, but leave apples to cool before children start eating! (700W: about 3 mins on HIGH for 1 apple, 5-7 mins for 4; 1000W: about 3 mins on MEDIUM for 1 apple, 4-6 mins on MED-HIGH for 4).

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Pupils choose their ingredients, and mix them in a small bowl. Try mincemeat, marzipan, sultanas or raisins, or a mix of brown sugar, butter and spice like cinnamon and perhaps nutmeg. You could add: dried fruit e.g. apricots; various chopped/crushed nuts; glace cherries. Here are a some quantities to stuff one apple: ■ 15 g sultanas, sprinkle with pinch of cinnamon ■ 2 tablespoons brown sugar, 1 tablespoon butter; pinch of cinnamon. ■ 1 teaspoon brown sugar, pinch of cinnamon. ■ 2 tablespoons brown sugar, 15g raisins, a pinch of cinnamon and of nutmeg. Fill the apple core and dot with 1/2 teaspoon of butter. ■ Cranberries or dried fruit, 1 teaspoon brown sugar, 1/8 teaspoon cinnamon. ■ You could also try different apple varieties the German chef used a red apple, and British cooks often use Bramleys. Compare them for: taste, texture, holding together.

Conduct a “Taste Test”: Pupils could taste each others’ apples, and do a survey in German to find the best: “Was ist dein Lieblingsapfel?”- or award marks out of 10.

Inter-cultural Understanding ❑ As a class, discuss what sort of food treats are enjoyed in your community at Christmastime. Prepare pictures and perhaps recipes to swap with a German school. The class may want to include treats associated with the mid-winter festivals of other faiths and traditions.

German Christmas Carol Song Sheet

Stille Nacht, heilige Nacht!

CD Tracks: 17-song 18-karaoke

St - il - le Nacht,

hei - li - ge Nacht!

ein - sam wacht

nur

D der

Kna - be im

das

trau - te

hoch - hei - li - ge

lo - cki - gen

Haar.

Schlaf

E schlaf ----

CD Tracks: 19-song 20-karaoke

Stern ü - ber Beth-le-hem, zeig uns den Weg,----

zeig, wo sie steht.--

E Stern

himm - li - scher

Ruh! -----------------

das Paar - pair / couple der Knabe - boy (like “knave”) die Ruhe - peace / quiet (Ruhe, bitte!) der Hirte - shepherd der Engel - angel der Retter - saviour

Stern über Bethlehem A

Paar.

himm - li - scher

2. Stille Nacht, heilige Nacht! Hirten erst kundgemacht, durch der Engel Halleluja tönt es laut von fern und nah: “Christ, der Retter, ist da! Christ, der Retter, ist da!”

schläft,

A Ruh, --------------

les

Hol

führ

uns zur Krip-pe hin,

Leuch - te du uns vor-an,

A ü - ber Beth - le - hem,

2. Stern über Bethlehem, nun bleibst du stehen und lässt uns alle das Wunder hier sehen, das da geschehen, was niemand gedacht, Stern über Bethlehem, in dieser Nacht.

This page may be photocopied for classroom use

bis wir dort sind,----

A7 führ

E uns

zum

Kind! -----

der Stern - star zeigen - to show (verb) die Krippe - crib / manger leuchten - to light up (verb) das Kind - child niemand -nobody / no-one

German Christmas Carol Song Sheet

O Tannenbaum

CD Tracks: 21-song 22-karaoke

Tan - nen - baum,

grün sind dei

Tan - nen - baum,

Blät

ter!

grünst nicht nur

Som - mer - zeit,

nein,

Tan-nen-baum,

wie

zur

auch im

Win

ter,

wenn

es schneit.

Tan - nen - baum,

wie

grün sind

dei

F Blät

ter.

2. O Tannenbaum, o Tannenbaum, du kannst mir sehr gefallen! Wie oft hat doch zur Weihnachtszeit ein Baum von dir mich hoch erfreut! O Tannenbaum, o Tannenbaum, du kannst mir sehr gefallen!

das Blatt - leaf (note the plural in lyrics) gefallen - to please (verb) hoch - high / great erfreuen - to please / to give joy (verb)

Alle Jahre wieder C

Al - le

Jah - re

wie

F G Am

auf

die

Er - de

nie

CD Tracks: 23-song 24-karaoke

G -

der

kommt das--- Chris-tus - kind

F der, --------

G7 C

C wo

2. Kehrt mit seinem Segen ein in jedes Haus, geht auf allen Wegen mit uns ein und aus.

This page may be photocopied for classroom use

wir --- Men-schen sind. die Erde - Earth der Mensch - man der Segen - blessing das Haus - house der Weg - path / way

FrĂśhliche Weihnachten!

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ÂŠ 2005 Early Start Languages

FrĂśhliche Weihnachten!

This page may be photocopied for classroom use

ÂŠ 2005 Early Start Languages

Weihnachtskekse

9 10 This page may be photocopied for classroom use

ÂŠ 2005 Early Start Languages