Hostel RVA: Senior Thesis by Emily August

HOSTEL RVA

Connecting travelers to the city and its people

Emily August . Senior Thesis . Fall 2012 - Spring 2013

“People say living in Richmond is good because it’s two hours from everything”— the mountains, the ocean, Washington, D.C. “That’s cool, but it’s also one minute from itself.” -Matt Perry, owner, Riverside Outfitters

PROBLEM QUESTION:

How can a place be created that draws outsiders on a budget to experience the city of Richmond, while also benefiting locals and adding to the existing culture of the city?

PROBLEM STATEMENT:

I will design a low cost visitor hotspot with ties to the art community, where both residents and visitors can come together to experience and contribute to Richmond culture.

BACKGROUND RESEARCH

PRECEDENT STUDIES

BUILDING SELECTION

DESIGN PHASE

HO(S)TEL

What exactly is the difference between the two, hostel and hotel? It’s more than merely just an additional letter, yet the line differentiating the two is becoming finer and more blurred as the years go on. The word hostel used to mean nothing more than a convenient sleeping arrangement whose accommodations reflected the cheap nature of the price.

In today’s vernacular however, the idea of a hostel is being taken as potential to make the most of your money in order to enhance the experience of your stay. More and more “designer” hostels are being created and giving the big name hotels a run for their money. The one thing that will remain a distinction between the two is the idea

of community. Hotels can be grand in themselves, but their main goal is comforting the individual. Hostels are concerned with the individual, but equally designed to go one step further and bring individuals together--share travel stories and encourage strangers to find commonalities amongst each other.

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...

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What makes a good hostel? Hostels are most commonly rated by users on a scale of 1-5 stars in six different categories: Character, Security, Location, Fun, Staff, & Cleanliness. A seventh, Design, has been proposed in order to accommodate the many “boutique” hostels that have begun to pop up in various areas around the world. What makes one hostel more fun than the next? What constitutes a hostel with good character? How much does the common traveler appreciate good design? These are all things to consider when looking at the quality of stay from a user’s perspective.

While there are high ranking hostels in America, the top hostels are consistently found throughout Europe, where destination travel is a lot more commonplace. The expectations tend to be different depending on the person, as well. Americans overall tend to need more accommodations in order to feel comfortable in comparison to Europeans. Some common things travelers look for include lockers large enough to store backpacks, a kitchen, washer/dryers and 24-hour reception. Hostels with a bar are normally rated higher in the ‘fun’ category because it serves as an easy

way to socialize and meet other travelers. Hostels with a travel counter are usually rated higher in ‘location’ because they are more aware of the opportunities they can take advantage of nearby the hostel. It might seem easy to link up ratings and see which amenities cause positive or negative feedback, but an opportunity then arises when creating a new hostel: What do travelers not even realize they’re missing out on? The challenge is providing travelers with an experience that they can’t find anywhere else.

EUROPE VS. USA

When comparing hostelling in the US and Europe, any traveler could tell you there is a clear difference. Aside from the large difference in quantity-there’s around 350 hostels throughout the US, and nearly 10,000 worldwide 1-there also seems to be a difference in the quality as well. When brought to America, the idea of a ‘hostel’ was lost in translation and instead of a place that “center[s] around meeting people and sharing experiences”, the American hostel seemed to only focus on being a cheap place to stay.

1, 2

Another reason for the difference between areas is that public transportation isn’t as developed in American as it is in Europe. Backpacking across the US is much more difficult in general, because there isn’t convenient transportation between major cities like there is in places such as in Spain, where travelers can find trains that reach every major city directly from Madrid 2. While there are many major tourist cities that do have hostels, such as San

Francisco, DC, and New York, there are still many large cities that don’t. “...hostels are the way that many young people get a love for travel that they can pursue their whole lives,” said Allen Kay, a spokesman for the Travel Industry Association of America. How are these cities supposed to prosper and attract tourists if there’s no convenient overnight stay options? How can it be that there isn’t a hostel already here in Virginia’s capital, once the capital of the South during the Civil War?

“What’s the matter with American hostels?”, Associated Press

WHY RICHMOND?

The city of Richmond already has so much to offer, and in the next few years is going to be opening its doors to even more exciting opportunities. The Institute for Contemporary Art, ICA, designed by Steven Holl will be attracting tourists from all over to view its exhibits from current students, alumni, and visiting artists. This quasi-museum will only add to the already burgeoning arts community supported by

the VCUarts program, the VMFA, and the significant number of galleries down Broad and side streets. Richmond currently hosts a number of annual races, including the Ukrops Monument Ave 10K, the Anthem Richmond Marathon, and even seasons worth of Nascar races at the Richmond International Raceway. But in 2015,

Richmond will be hosting the UCI Road World Championhips, a cycling race that is said to be the event that will transform Richmond from a “sleepy Southern capital to one with an international reputation.1” A city already known for it’s large population of cyclists, this event is something that’s being hyped up three years in advance.

Times Dispatch, Louis Llovio

13 Mo

Outside Magazine voted Richmond one of the Best River Towns in America this past September. There are so many opportunities for recreation being right next to the James River. A summer resident can be frequently spotted taking advantage of the rapids, the sun at Belle Isle, or concerts on Browns Island. If youâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;re not a fan of getting wet, you can walk along the historic Canal Walk or take in the view from a restaurant at Rockettâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Landing.

There is a bit of a disconnect between the attractions downtown and those closer to the heart of the VCU campus, The Fan, The Museum District and onward. Location is such an important part of creating a hostel. It must be within walking distance to a number of attractions, but also be located near convenient methods of transportation in order to access attractions that are farther away. These are all things that need to be taken into consideration.

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-64 1. Main St. Station 2. Canal Walk 3. Holocaust Museum 4. Historic Shockoe Slip 5. Belle Isle 6. Brownâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Island 7. The VA Capitol 8. The National 9. The Coliseum 10. Richmond Convention Center 11. Institute for Contemporary Art 12. The Landmark Theater 13. Science Museum of VA 14. The VA Museum of Fine Arts 15. Carytown 16. Tredegar/American Civil War Center 17. Site for the upcoming Richmond HostelOtis Elevator Building

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Smokehouse Lofts

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INTERVIEW: Sara Weisiger I found out during my research that downtown Richmond is going to be the home of a new hostel in the near future, and I was able to get into contact with Sara Weisiger, Chair of the Richmond Hostel Committee. She is involved with the planning process that the hostel is going through, and has been to visit and tour many other Hostelling International hostels around the US. They aren’t very far along in the design process of the actual hostel, but have done a significant amount of research and studies in order to apply the best practices to the Richmond location. The building they are using is the Otis Elevator Building on 2nd Street, which used to be an old women’s detention facility. There are already spaces created because of the previous living quarters, and they’re considering keeping those the same. After all is said and done, they’re looking to fit around 50 beds into the space, charging close to $25 per night. That would make it a pretty standard, medium-sized hostel.

Because the elevator in the space is original and not up to working order, accessibility becomes an issue and prevents the hostel from having community areas anywhere but the first floor, which is ADA-compliant. While some hostels are primarily “youth” hostels, the Richmond Hostel is going to be open to all ages. The goal however, is to attract 18-30 year olds which make up for 50% of those staying in hostels in the US. She mentioned that the 4-6 person room is the most attractive to travelers, so this is the type of room that they’re going to have the most of. It’s also important to have nice accommodations within the room, but not nice enough that travelers will want to stay in them and not congregate to the common areas. The point of a hostel is to socialize and meet other travelers, not just have a nice place to sleep.

Otis Elevator Company Building Site for upcoming Richmond Hostel

BACKGROUND RESEARCH

PRECEDENT STUDIES

BUILDING SELECTION

DESIGN PHASE

LISBON LOUNGE Portugal

SMALL PROJECT

RITA RESIDENCES California

LARGE PROJECT

GETAWAY HOSTEL Chicago

Lisbon, Portugal

LISBON LOUNGE HOSTEL $30 per night

Lisbon Lounge was the first hostel to open in Lisbon, Portugal and was voted Best Small Hostel in the world at last yearâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Hoscars. Itâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s location is perfect, as itâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s conveniently located in the heart of a very famous historic district of Portugal, which has become a main tourist attraction. Backpackers who have stayed at this hostel have most enjoyed the relatively cheap three course meal served at dinner, in a large dining hall. This has been a

great way for them to enjoy good food and mingle with others staying in the small hostel, and possibly even their own rooms. The dining room is an important part of the hostel because most travelers are looking to save money and take advantage of the on-site food opportunities. Because of this, the design must be taken into careful consideration. This hostel has a very unique trait to it, which shows its intercultural blending with

the local art scene. Each of the three large lounges has a hand painted mural commissioned by a local artist. Not only does this help make this hostel stand out from others, but it lets residents get a feel for the local art scene in the area. This could very much be implemented in some way in the Richmond hostel, because of the already large art presence in the city. Something to this effect could really help promote and show travelers a very important aspect of Richmond.

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Clockwise from bottom right: (1) Common area not in use, (2) A local artist-commissioned mural in one of the common areas (3) Another mural in a private room (4) The common area in use

PUBLIC V. PRIVATE For a small hostel, there isn’t really much room to play around with layout arrangement. This hostel has a typical layout, with reception located right as you walk in, and both the kitchen and main common area on the first floor. The second and third floors are replicas of each other, which allows for easy navigation purposes. Keeping the public area in a similar location is also helpful for the same reason. It wouldn’t be hard to find in this small hostel, but when

translated to a larger amount of square footage, a similar layout on each floor would be convenient. Of course when keeping the layout the same, the FFE must be unique to each floor, and allows for more creativity in this area to clearly distinguish each of the floors. The public areas are also grouped together on each floor-the restroom having to be accessed through the lounge. This isn’t an ideal situation, but the groupings of public and private areas make sense.

First Floor

Second Floor

Third Floor

Chicago, Illinois

GETAWAY HOSTEL

$20-70 per night

This is currently the highest rated and most popular hostel in Chicago, which is mostly due to its location in a hip and ‘youthful’ neighborhood, with a close distance to lake front beaches and many of the city’s popular attractions. Aside from the location, reviewers also love the “refreshing design” and the many types of room options found throughout the hostel. There are many different sleeping options here: Dorm style (sleeps 4-12),

Dorms-Ensuite (sleeps 6-8), Standard Rooms, and then rooms with either a half or full bath. One aspect travelers really appreciate is the unique common areas that this hostel had. Aside from the usual lounge or common area on each floor that the typical hostel has, this hostel has areas such as a separate TV rooms with large comfortable couches, a music room with a piano and stage for events, or

just the musically-inclined guest. The hostel also has guitars to borrow, free of charge. The kitchen features state of the art equipment, and provides a cheap alternative to eating out, if you’re with a large group or even just by yourself. The fact that the Getaway Hostel has these unique spaces makes it stand out from others that may be well-designed, but don’t offer anything more than the run-ofthe-mill common areas.

Clockwise from bottom right: (1) Communal kitchen (2) 6-bed room with full bath (3) 4-bed room with half bath (4) female dorm (5) music room with a stage

University of California San Diego’s

RITA ATKINSON RESIDENCES Valerio Dewalt Train Associates This project is a new student housing building with 226 units on UCSD’s medical campus. It was built with sustainability in mind, and achieved LEED Gold standards. This is one of the very few student housing buildings hat has accomplished this. Recycled materials were used throughout the project, a green roof acts as one of the many gathering spaces found throughout, and there are wall graphics on every floor that let residents know of the sustainable practices they’ve implemented not only within the building, but also on and around campus.

Clockwise from bottom right: (1) open and airy spaces fill the interior and sustainable materials used throughout (2) graphic elements on each floor highlight sustainable efforts (3) green roof on a balcony of the residencies. Opposite page: Accent wall and bench near entrance

First Floor

Fourth Floor

Second Floor

Third Floor

Fifth-Seventh Floors

Eighth & Ninth Floors

Looking at a building on a much larger scale with nine floors, the placement of public and private spaces becomes a lot more important. The floors arenâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t replicas of each other and therefore the common areas arenâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t the same either. The overlay shows that most of the common spaces are laid out in the center of the building however, which allows convenient access to all students. Vertically, the main public spaces are located on floors 2, 3, 4, and 9. A more even spread across all floor may have been more effective, but this does at least show some attempt at spacing. When working with four levels, as with the Smokehouse Lofts, keeping this idea in mind will be important. Having most of the main common areas on the first floor is typical, but when thinking about moving them to other floors, how much can you change things up before you start to sacrifice convenience?

Public space Private common area Electrical/Equipment Overlay of Floors 1-9

BACKGROUND RESEARCH

PRECEDENT STUDIES

BUILDING SELECTION

DESIGN PHASE

SMOKEHOUSE LOFTS 110-114 S. 15th Street Richmond, VA

4'-4"

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Level 1 Floorplan

Floor 1

Owner www.autodesk.com/revit

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4'-4"

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Project number Project Number Date Issue Date Author Drawn by Checker Scale Checked by

A101

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THIRD FLOOR

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SECOND FLOOR

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FIRST FLOOR

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BASEMENT

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NW Elevation

THIRD FLOOR 25'-6"

Drawings courtesy of Walter Parks Architect

SW Elevation

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EXISTING FLOORPLANS

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A102www.autodesk.com/revit

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FOURTH FLOOR 35'-10"

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Floor 2

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INTERIOR CONDITIONS I was lucky enough to be shown around the inside of the building and a vacant room by Clachan Properties, the property manager of the current space.

When the space was renovated, they tried to keep as many of the existing conditions and materials as possible. The original wood floors were refinished, the brick walls untouched, and the heavy timber beam and column structure left exposed.

Many elements of the building when it functioned as a smokehouse were preserved including this wheel on the exterior of the building as well as a few original doors inside

The exposed steel beams were also left exposed to give the apartments a very industrial feel.

Not the best placement of the entry in this situation. Keeping columns in consideration when space planning will be important.

This is the only window in the whole apartment. It lets in a decent amount of light, but the far room and living room are dim. Theyâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;ve used glass above 7 feet to let more natural light into the rooms. As this is a loft, separating into two separate floors would cause one floor to have no natural light at all.

This is the only current amenity space this building has to offer. The rooftop deck is accessible to all residents and overlooks 15th and Dock Streets. In order to maintain historical credits, no new construction can be visible from the street. This must remain an open balcony.

BUILDING ANALYSIS Total sq ft: 23,378 gross Usable SF:18, 347 Total number of floors: 4 Elevators: yes, 1 Ceiling height: 9’ 6” (1st floor) 9’ (2-3 floor) 9’ 11” (max 4th floor) Current use: Smokehouse Lofts, Clachan Properties Interior Conditions: sprinkler system, yes. Everything up to code Historical aspects of the building aren’t able to be touched-new construction can’t be seen from the street Original Use: Smokehouse Use group: Existing: BA-1 Sep. mixed use (others R-2, M/B, S-2) Occupancy Load: 116+65+19

CIRCULATION STUDY This circulation study looks at the variety of existing and potential routes of circulation. The pattern of columns seems to be set up in a grid pattern, which naturally maps out circulation throughout each floor. The 4th floor seems to break away from the grid and a few outer columns are lost, but the remaining ones could potentially denote how spaces are laid out, similar to how it has been done in the existing building layout.

LIGHTING STUDY With the nature of the existing building, there are only windows on two facades for the first and second floors. This leaves a dark area, void of natural light in the back left of the space, behind the existing stairwells and elevator. As you move from the second to the third floor, the amount of natural light increases because of the addition of a third wall of windows. Even more still, the fourth floor lets in an increased amount of light due to the loft with a curtain wall.

REAS

CA PUBLI Offices

Main common area + Gallery

PRIV Private Rooms

Bar Classroom/ Studio

ATE

ARE

Private bathrooms

Reception Kitchen

Rooftop Deck Shared Bathrooms

Dining Room

Floor Lounges

Travel Desk Laundry Entertainment Room

Entrance Important Relationship Convenient Relationship Visibility Convenience

Dorm-style Rooms

PUBLIC AREAS Reception: 24-hour desk at main entrance to greet guests and help them get settled in Travel Desk: Brochures, maps, information about local attractions and hosts tour groups Dining Room: Large community space with long communal tables Kitchen: Commercial-sized kitchen for guests to store and/or cook their own meals. Also where staff cooks for hostel meals Entertainment Room: Variety of seating with electronic hookups, TV, and stage for performances Bar: Where guests can go to relax and have drinks while mingling with other travelers Laundry Rooms: One on each floor, 2 washers and dryers in each

SEMI-PRIVATE AREAS Classroom/Studio: Area for guests staying at the hostel, or local Richmond residents, multipurpose space for various functions Rooftop Deck: No new construction, only loose FFE allowed on deck Floor Lounges: One on each floor, containing a variety of seating options Shared Bathrooms: One male and one female bathroom on every floor

PRIVATE AREAS

Private Rooms: Single and double bed options, some with private baths, some without Private Bathrooms: in some private rooms and some 4-6 person rooms 4-6 Person Rooms: Two double beds, or 3 bunks, lockers inside the room Dorm-style Rooms: Up to 8 people in a room, 4 bunk beds with lockers Offices: For the staff members to rest and keep their things

Reception Travel Desk Main Common Area Kitchen Dining Room Entertainment Room Bar Laundry Facilities (3) Classroom/Studio Floor Lounges (3) Rooftop Deck Private Rooms-Single Private Rooms-Double Shared Rooms Dorm-Style Rm (6 people) Dorm-Style Rm (10 people) Female Bathrooms (1/floor) Male Bathrooms (1/floor) Staff Office

4500 usable SF/floor

300 2, 3, 19 200 1 700 1, 5 250 5 350 4 600 150 100 ea. (2) 500 1, 3 520 ea. (2) 250 160 ea. (4) 250 ea. (4) 300 ea. (6) 250 ea. (6) 17, 18 400 ea. (2) 17, 18 200 ea. (3) 200 ea. (3) 300 1

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Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y S S N N N N N N N N

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ES 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19

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ADJACENCY MATRIX

Y 24-hour, 2 seats N Brochures, tours start here S N fridge, sink, stove S N TV, speakers, mic Communal tables N N washer/dryer Y Flat surface tables, easels N Y Y Y Y Y Each bed has a locker Y Each bed hasa a locker N Has 3 shower stalls N Has 3 shower stalls S 2 desks

TOTAL: 11, 780 SF

Y=Yes N=No S=Some 50

BIBLIOGRAPHY ONLINE SOURCES: “Chicago Getaway Hostel”. Getaway Hostel in Chicago. 2012. Accessed 30 Nov 2012. < http://www.getawayhostel.com/> “HI-Chicago Hostel”. Hostelling International-Chicago. American Youth Hostels, Inc. 2007. 15 September 2012. <http://www.hichicago.org/index.shtml> “History of Youth Hostelling”. American Youth Hostel- HIUSA. Updated 2012. Accessed 16 September 2012. <http://hiusa.org/about_us/history> Larter, David. “Monday Q&A: Less motel, more mission”. 27 Aug 2012. Richmond: BizSense. Online. Accessed 7 Oct 2012 <http://www.richmondbizsense.com/2012/08/27/monday-qa-less-motel- more-mission/> “Lisbon Lounge Hostel”. Hostelworld.com Limited. Updated 2012. Accessed 20 Oct 2012. “Otis Elevator Building”. Picture. Accessed 9 Dec 2012. <http://www.flickr.com/photos/f33/2424455606/> “Port Montara Lighthouse Hostel”. Golden Gate Council of Youth Hostels, Inc. 2007. “Seven Hostel-Budget Hostel”. Seven Hostel Srl. Justweb 2011. 16 September 2012. <http://www.sevenhostel.com/en/index.php> “UC San Diego Housing-Rita Resedencies” Floorplans. Accessed 2 Dec 2012. http://hdh.ucsd.edu/rar/ “What’s the matter with American hostels?” Associated Press. 06 June 2006. Updated 2012. MSNBC News, Travel. Accessed 2 Dec 2012. < http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/13558960/ns/travel-active_travel/t/whats-matter-american- hostels/#.ULuqYo6kDqE> PRINT SOURCES: Billman, Jon. “THE BEST RIVER TOWNS IN AMERICA: RICHMOND, VIRGINIA”. Outside Magazine. 6 Sept 2012. Online: 23 Sept 2012. Kristal, Marc. “Hostel Meets Hotel”. Interior Design Magazine. Feb 2012: 53-56 Rutes, Walter A. Hotel design : planning, and development. Oxford: Architectural Press, 2001 Valerio Dewalt Train Associates. “UCSD Rita Atkinson Residencies”. 2012. Brochure Available Online. Accessed 2 Dec 2012. http://www.buildordie.com/project/ucsd-rita-atkinson-residences-2/#showinfo INTERVIEW: Weisiger, Sara. Personal Interview. 6 Dec 2012. 53

Richmond, Virginia

HOSTEL RVA Design Phase

PART 2: DESIGN PHASE SPRING 2013

CONCEPT WATERCOLORS Analyzing the space two dimensionally. Exploring the meanings behind connections, knots, and the difference between tight and loose knots.

SPATIAL DIAGRAMS & MODELS Analyzing the space three-dimensionally. Exploring the ways to connect the space vertically, from the first to fourth floors. A diagonal core, or â&#x20AC;&#x153;knotâ&#x20AC;? was achieved to connect the entrance to the rooftop terrace, two spaces that allowed interaction with the city.

FLOOR PLANS

Single Room 4-Person Typical 6-Person Typical 10-Person Level 2 Floorplan 3/32”=1’0”

1. Reception Desk 2. Travel Counter 3. Lounge Corridor 4. Sundry Shop 5. Cafe/Coffee Bar 6. Dining Hall 7. Kitchen 8. Luggage/Staff Area 9. Multipurpose Room 10. Rooftop Bar

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Level 1 Floorplan 3/32”=1’0”

Level 4 Floorplan 3/32”=1’0”

Level 3 Floorplan 3/32”=1’0”

KNOT ANALYSIS DIAGRAMS Diagrams showing the progression and placement of the “knot” on each floor, creating the connection between floors both vertically and horizontally. Level Four Floorplan

Level Three Floorplan

Level Two Floorplan

Level One Floorplan

Staircase path overlay

PERSPECTIVE RENDERINGS

Initial view upon entrance of reception desk and stairs

Litwork by Luminoso

Industrial Steel Cable

Black Iron

Silver Wisp by 3form

Existing pine hardwood floors + beams

Staircase looking through to the top floor

Industrial Steel Cable

Black Iron

Silver Wisp by 3form

Existing pine hardwood floors + beams

Lounge corridor area on the first floor, using existing windows to create more intimate seating areas

Existing brick walls

Robin Day Club Sofa Loft International LtdH

Holy Day Lounge Chair Coalesse

Weaver Pendant Light Satelight

Black Oak-Dark Luxe

Typical 6-person Hostel RVA room with handpainted murals by local artists

Knotted Rattan Light Treasurecombers

Mural painted by local artist

Forum Collection Harter+

Area Rug-color to correspond with colors in mural

Existing pine hardwood floors + beams

Rooftop bar area on fourth floor, taking advantage of the view from the top terrace

Slate Bartop

Teak Decktile

Outdoor Lounge Furniture

Existing brick walls

A three dimensional representation of the space, highlighting the knots in a vertical and horizontal manner.

AXON + DIAGRAM

Detail model of the floor openings throughout the space. Built at 3/16” = 1’0” scale

9' - 6"

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5' - 2"

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1/4" Steel Cable

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Callout of Level 2 stairs

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Pine wood riser

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Detail Section Through First Floor Staircase

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Detail drawings for proposed construction of staircase and steel cable attachment.

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PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT PR

DETAIL DRAWINGS

1/8" Steel Cable

1 A110 1/4" Steel Cable

Detail section of Stairs 1/4" = 1'-0"

PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT PRODUCT 78

0' - 7"

2 A110

TODESK STUDENT PRODUCT

Pine wood riser

UCED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT PRODUCT

PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT PRODUCT

0' - 4"

0' - 11" 1/8" Steel Cable

1/8" Steel Cable

1/4" Steel Cable

Ferrule

Body

2 A110

Nut

0' - 7"

PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT PRODUCT

3 A109

Hanger Bolt

Pine wood riser

1 A110

PRODUCED BY AN

1/4” Steel Cable

Washer

Swaged Radius Ferrule

UDENT PRODUCT

1. Callout of Initial Steps

2. Callout of Cable Swaging

3. Callout of Cable Swaging

PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT PRODUCT

PRODUCED BY AN A 79